United States Environmental Protection Agency ® EPA Fact Sheet: Third Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 3) EPA is publishing a draft list of contaminants which may require regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) for public review and comment. This draft CCL 3 includes 93 chemicals or chemical groups and 11 microbiological contaminants which are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems. The list includes chemicals used in commerce, pesticides, biological toxins, disinfection byproducts, and waterborne pathogens. The Agency evaluated approximately 7,500 chemicals and microbes and selected 104 candidates for the Draft CCL3 that have the potential to present health risks through drinking water exposure. You can find more information on the CCL on EPA's website at www.epa.gov/safewater/ccl/index.html Questions and Answers What is the drinking water CCL? The drinking water CCL is a list developed by EPA that identifies priority contaminants for regulatory decision making and information collection. The contaminants on the list are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems and may impact public health. However, they are currently unregulated by existing national primary drinking water regulations. How often is the CCL published? The Safe Drinking Water Act directs EPA to publish a CCL every five years. We published the first CCL in March 1998. We published the second CCL in February 2005. What contaminants are included on the CCL 3? The chemicals and microbes are listed on the attached table. Draft Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List 3 Microbial Contaminants Common Name - Registry Name Caliciviruses Campy lobacter jejuni Entamoeba histolytica Office of Water (4607M) EPA 815 F 08 001 February 2008 www.epa.gov/safewater ------- Escherichia coll (0157) Helicobacter pylori Hepatitis A virus Legionella pneumophila Naegleriafow leri Salmonella enterica Shigella sonnet Vibrio cholerae Chemical Contaminants Common Name - Registry Name alpha-Hexachl orocy cl ohexane 1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane 1 , 1 -Dichloroethane 1,2,3-Trichloropropane 1,3 -Butadiene 1,3-Dinitrobenzene 1,4-Dioxane 1-Butanol 2-Methoxyethanol 2-Propen-l-ol 3 -Hydroxycarbofuran 4,4'-Methylenedianiline Acephate Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetochlor Acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) Acetochlor oxanilic acid (OA) Acrolein CASRN 319-84-6 630-20-6 75-34-3 96-18-4 106-99-0 99-65-0 123-91-1 71-36-3 109-86-4 107-18-6 16655-82-6 101-77-9 30560-19-1 75-07-0 60-35-5 34256-82-1 187022-11-3 184992-44-4 107-02-8 Office of Water (4607M) EPA 815 F 08 001 February 2008 www.epa.gov/safewater ------- Common Name - Registry Name Alachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) Alachlor oxanilic acid (OA) Aniline Bensulide Benzyl chloride Butylated hydroxyanisole Captan Chloromethane (Methyl chloride) Clethodim Cobalt Cumene hydroperoxide Cyanotoxins (3) Dicrotophos Dimethipin Dimethoate Disulfoton Diuron Ethion Ethoprop Ethylene glycol Ethyl ene oxide Ethylene thiourea Fenamiphos Formaldehyde Germanium HCFC-22 Hexane Hydrazine CASRN 142363-53-9 171262-17-2 62-53-3 741-58-2 100-44-7 25013-16-5 133-06-2 74-87-3 110429-62-4 7440-48-4 80-15-9 141-66-2 55290-64-7 60-51-5 298-04-4 330-54-1 563-12-2 13194-48-4 107-21-1 75-21-8 96-45-7 22224-92-6 50-00-0 7440-56-4 75-45-6 110-54-3 302-01-2 Office of Water (4607M) EPA815F08001 February 2008 www.epa.gov/safewater ------- Common Name - Registry Name Methamidophos Methanol Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) Methyl tert-butyl ether Metolachlor Metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) Metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA) Molinate Molybdenum Nitrobenzene Nitrofen Nitroglycerin N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine (NDPA) N-Nitrosodiphenylamine N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) n-Propy Ib enzene o-Toluidine Oxirane, methyl- Oxydemeton-methyl Oxyfluorfen Perchlorate Permethrin PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) Profenofos Quinoline CASRN 10265-92-6 67-56-1 74-83-9 1634-04-4 51218-45-2 171118-09-5 152019-73-3 2212-67-1 7439-98-7 98-95-3 1836-75-5 55-63-0 872-50-4 55-18-5 62-75-9 621-64-7 86-30-6 930-55-2 103-65-1 95-53-4 75-56-9 301-12-2 42874-03-3 14797.73.0 52645-53-1 335-67-1 41198-08-7 91-22-5 Office of Water (4607M) EPA 815 F 08 001 February 2008 www.epa.gov/safewater ------- Common Name - Registry Name RDX(Hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5- triazine) sec-Butylbenzene Strontium Tebuconazole Tebufenozide Tellurium Terbufos Terbufos sulfone Thiodicarb Thi ophanate-methy 1 Toluene diisocyanate Tribufos Triethylamine Triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) Urethane Vanadium Vinclozolin Ziram CASRN 121-82-4 135-98-8 7440-24-6 107534-96-3 112410-23-8 13494-80-9 13071-79-9 56070-16-7 59669-26-0 23564-05-8 26471-62-5 78-48-8 121-44-8 76-87-9 51-79-6 7440-62-2 50471-44-8 137-30-4 What approach did EPA use to list contaminants on the CCL? In developing the Draft CCL 3, the Agency implemented a different process from that used for CCL 1 and CCL 2. This new process builds on evaluations used for previous CCLs and was based on substantial expert input and recommendations from the National Academy of Science's National Research Council (NRC), the National Drinking Water Advisory Council (NOWAC), and other groups. In developing the Draft CCL 3, the Agency considered the best available health effects and occurrence data and information to evaluate unregulated contaminants. EPA evaluated data for chemicals identified in Superfund, registered pesticides, chemicals detected in drinking water or source waters, chemicals released to the environment, or high production commercial chemicals. The Agency also evaluated human pathogens for their potential to cause waterborne Office of Water (4607M) EPA 815 F 08 001 February 2008 www.epa.gov/safewater ------- disease through drinking water exposure. EPA used a multi-step CCL process to identify contaminants for inclusion on the Draft CCL 3. The key steps EPA took to develop the Draft CCL 3 include: 1) Identifying a broad universe of potential drinking water contaminants (called the "CCL Universe"). EPA evaluated 284 data sources that may identify potential chemical and microbial contaminants and selected a set of approximately 7,500 contaminants from these data sources for initial consideration. 2) Applying screening criteria to the CCL universe to identify those contaminants that should be further evaluated (the preliminary CCL or PCCL) based on a contaminant's potential to occur in public water systems and the potential for public health concern. 3) Identifying contaminants from the PCCL to include on the CCL based on more detailed evaluation of occurrence and health effects and expert judgment applied in a transparent reproducible manner. 4) Incorporating public input and expert review in the CCL process. EPA sought public input by asking for nominations of contaminants to consider for the CCL in October 2006 and incorporated these nominations into the three key steps already discussed. EPA also convened several expert panels to obtain review and input on the processes used to identify the draft CCL and the CCL 3 itself. What happens to contaminants on the Draft CCL 3? The purpose of the draft CCL 3 is to present the list of contaminants and seek comment on the list and various aspects of its development. The Agency is requesting comments on the process used to identify the Draft CCL 3, the data used in the process, and on the individual contaminants included in the CCL 3. All comments submitted will be considered in determining the final CCL 3, as well as in the development of future CCLs. What happens to contaminants on the Final CCL 3? EPA will evaluate all the contaminants on the CCL to determine which contaminants have sufficient information to allow the Agency to make a regulatory determination. For those contaminants that lack sufficient information, EPA will work with research institutions to identify and conduct research to provide the information needed to determine whether to regulate the contaminant. Does the CCL impose any requirements on public water systems? No. Publishing the CCL does not impose any requirements on public water systems. If EPA decided to regulate a contaminant on the list in the future, the Agency would start a separate rulemaking process with opportunity for public comment. What is a regulatory determination? Office of Water (4607M) EPA 815 F 08 00 February 2008 www.epa.gov/safewater ------- A regulatory determination is a formal decision on whether we should initiate a process to develop a national primary drinking water regulation for a specific contaminant. The law requires that we make regulatory determinations for at least five contaminants from the most recent CCL every five years. In July 2003, EPA announced its final regulatory determinations for a subset of nine contaminants from the first CCL. EPA had sufficient health and occurrence information to make the determination not to regulate Acanthamoeba, aldrin, dieldrin, hexachlorobutadiene, manganese, metribuzin, naphthalene, sodium or sulfate. These nine contaminants were not carried forward to the second CCL (or CCL 2 published in 2005). In May 2007, EPA announced its preliminary determinations for 11 contaminants listed on the second CCL and asked for public comment. EPA had sufficient health and occurrence information to make the determination not to regulate boron, the dacthal mono- and di-acid degradates, l,l-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), 1,3-dichloropropene (Telone), 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, s-ethyl propylthiocarbamate (EPTC), fonofos, terbacil or 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. We plan to notify the public of the final regulatory determinations in 2008. Where can I find more information about this notice and the CCL? For information on the third CCL 3, please visit the EPA internet website, www.epa.gov/safewater/ccl/ccl3.html. For general information on drinking water, please visit the EPA Safewater website at www.epa.gov/safewater or contact the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791. Local or international calls can reach the Hotline at 703-412-3330. The Safe Drinking Water Hotline is open Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays, from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. 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