100F08052
Thang Bay nam 2008
Trong suot m$t mua
he trung binh, tai Hoa
Ky cd khoang 1.500
ngifdi chet vao nhtfng
ILIC qua ndng burc.1 Vao
nam 1995, chi rieng mot
&0t ndng d Chicago da
lam thiGt mang hern 700
ngirdi. Tai Chau Au, m§t
dipt nong ky luc lam
khoang 35.000 ngifdi
chtit vao nam 2003.
Trong ca hai vu, da so
nan nhan la tif 65 tuoi
trd len.
"Nong Qua Xa" -
Chuan Bj Khi Gap Thdi
Tiet Qua Nong Bute
Thong tin danh cho Quy Vj Cao Nien
va NhQng NgUdi San Soc Cua Ho
Quy yj co biet m6i nam so
ngQdi chet vi "nhOng luc
thdi tie't qua nong bQc"
nhieu hdn chet vi bao to,
set danh, gid lo'c, lut Ipi, va dpng da't
nhap lai khong?2 Bat cuf ai cung co
the bi anh hudng nguy hai vi thdi tiet
nong bifc, nhifng nhOng ngUdi cao
nien dac biet d§ bj nguy hai.
NhQng luc thdi tiet nong bufc la nhOng
luc nhiet dp cao trung binh cua mot
vung cpng them 10 dp F hoac hon va
keo dai trong mot thdi gian.3
Ngadi ta tin rang nhQng luc thdi tiet
qua nong btfc se co tac dpng mat can
doi den site khoe quan chung 6 cac
thanh pho. Mot ly do la vi dudng Ip va
nha cC/a hap thu nang lifpng mat trdi
va giup hinh thanh nhOng "dao nong."
Trong luc 6 nhQng vung que khf hau
mat di vao ban dem, thi cac thanh
pho van giQ site nong da hap thu.
Do do cQ dan thanh thj it dUdc mat
me hon vao ban dem. Tuy nhien, co
nhQng bien phap ma ngQdi cao nien,
ngQdi cham soc ngifdi cua ho, va cac
vi lanh dao cpng dong co the ap dung
de giam bdt nhQng tac dpng cua luc
thcJi tiet qua nong bite.
Ai Gap Nguy Hiem Khi
Thdi Tiet Qua Nong
Bufc?
NgQdi cao nien, cung nhQ cac tre nho,
thQdng gap nhieu rui ro hon khi thdi tiet
qua nong bQc. Dd'i vdi so iQpng ngQdi
cao nien ngay cang dong, cd che lam
mat trong ngQdi co the trd nen bj khie'm
khuye't. Song don doc hoac phai nam
Net giQdng va khong con cd the cham
soc cho ban than lam tang them moi
nguy CO.
NhQng tinh trang sQc khoe hien cd
nhQ benh kinh nien, dau dc kern minh
m§n, va benh beo phi cung cd the
lam cho ngQdi do de bj nguy hai hdn.
NgQdi dang dung mot vai loai thuo'c
nao do cung d§ bj.
Ngoai ra, ngQdi sd'ng tren cac lau cao
cua cac nha cao tang ma khong cd
may lanh cang de bj anh hudng cua
thdi tie't qua nong bQc. Viec tham gia
cac sinh hoat gang sQc d ngoai trdi va
uong rQdu trong luc thdi tie't nong bat
thQdng cang lam tang them cac rui ro
do thdi tie't nong gay ra.
"NhCfng luc thdi tiet qua nong bite" gay tur vong mpt each kho ngd. NhOng nhom
dl bi nguy hai nhtfnhtfng ngtfdi cao nien cang dac biet co nguy cct cao.
Dieu dang mung la co nhu"ng bien phap don gian ma ngudi ta co
the ap dung de tif bao ve.
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Lam Sao Toi Co The Giam
Bdt Tie'p Xuc Den Thdi
Tiet Qua Nong Bufc?
Cach tot nhat de cho'ng lai thdi tie't qua nong la
ngan ngC/a. May lanh la mot trong nhOfng yeu
to bao ve hay nhat de cho'ng lai benh tat va
che't choc vi ndng.4 Chi can vai tieng dong ho
mot ngay trong phong co may lanh co the giam
difdc nhieu nguy cd. Quat dien co the lam di
chju nhirng khi nhiet dp nong nam trong vong
90, thi quat se khong ngan di/dc b$nh do nong.
Trong nhufng luc qua nong bufc, cac each phong
ngC/a sau day co the cifu dtfdc mang song:
• Den cac toa nha co may lanh trong cpng
dong cua minh, neu nha quy vi khong co may
lanh. Cac toa nha nay co the bao gom: trung
tarn ngudi cao nien, rap hat, tha vien, khu
thudng xa, hoac nhDng ndi difdc chi dinh la
"trung tarn lam mat" (cooling centers.")
• Tarn voi sen hay tarn bon bang ni/6c mat.5
• Dong nhieu chat long. Difng chef den khi khat
mol uong. Neu bac sTdan quy vj han che
li/dng chat long, hoi bac sTxem quy vi dUdc
uong den mite nao khi trdi nong. Tranh nhufng
thufc uong co chat ca-phe-in, ruou, hoSc nhieu
di/dng. Cac thifc uong nay lam cd the kho
nude.
• Hoi bac sT hoac nhan vien khac cung cap
djch vu cham soc site khoe cho quy vi xem
cac loai thuoc quy vj dang dung co lam quy vj
tang kha nang bj benh vi trdi nong hay khong.
• Mac quan ao mong, mau sang, va rpng rai.
• Den tham nhDng ngadi di bi benh ft nhat hai
Ian mot ngay. De y nhufng da'u hieu co the
mac benh vi trdi nong, vi du nhu da nong kho,
Ian Ion, ao giac, va hung hang.
• Gpi 9-1-1 neu can dUdc cham soc.
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Thdi Tie't Qua Nona Bute Anh
Hi/dng Den Cd The Nhi/ The
Nao?
Cd the thudng ty lam mat bang each tang
lifting mau vao da va do mo hoi. Benh do trdi
nong gay ra va tif vong xay ra khi he thong
kiem soat nhiet dp trong cd the bj qua tai. Khi
dieu do xay ra, do mo hoi co the khong du.
Do am cao co the khie'n cd the kho ta lam mat
hdn.
Trdi Qua Nong Bufc va Bj
Trung Nang (Cam Nhiet) lien
quan den nhau nhu the nao?
Bj trung nang (cam nhiet) la hau qua nghiem
trong nhat vao nhufng luc trdi qua nong bifc.
Nguyen do vi he thong kiem soat nhiet do cua
cd the bj suy. Khi cd the mat kha nang tir lam
mat, nhiet dp cot loi cua cd the tang nhanh. Vi
vay, viec bi trung nang (cam nhiet) co the gay
hu1 hai nghiem trong va vTnh vien cho cac bp
phan quan trong cua cd the.
Co the nhan biet xem nan nhan co bi trung
nang hay khong qua Idp da co ve nong, kho,
va co mau do. Cac da'u hieu canh bao khac la
si/ lin Ion, ao giac, va hung hang. Ne'u khong
dieu trj ngay, chufng trung nang the difa den
tan phe vTnh viln hoac ti/ vong. Dieu dang
mCfng la chtrng trung nang co the tranh dUdc
bang each tuan theo cac bu6c ddn gian dude
neu trong trang nay.
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Chinh Quyen Dja Phu'dng Co The
Lam Gi De Giup Quy Vj?
Chinh quyen dja phadng cd the dong vai trd quan
trong trong viec da bao va do'i pho nhOng khi trdi
qua nong bac. Hai sach ludc ngay cang pho bien la
he thd'ng canh bao thdi tie't nong va cac bien phap
giam nong.
He Thong Canh Bao Thdi Tie't Nong
He Thong Canh Bao Thdi Tie't Nong De GiO Gin
Sac Khoe giup phat Men khi nao thi trdi nong cd
the nguy hiem cho site khde cong chung. He thd'ng
nay dung cac chudng trinh may tinh phan tich cac
da bao cua Cd Quan Khi Tapng Qud'c Gia va cac
dO lieu d dja phadng de da bao cac tinh hud'ng nguy
hiem. He Thd'ng Canh Bao Thdi Tie't Nong De GiO
Gin Sac Kh6e da dadc thie't lap tai Philadelphia,
Seattle, Chicago, St. Louis, va cac thanh pho khac
tai Hoa Ky va chau Au.
Sau khi quyet djnh nh§n dadc canh bao, cac gidi
chac y te thanh pho' chuyen thong tin nay den nhOng
ngadi cao Men, nhufng ngadi cham sdc hp, va cac
nhdm di bj nguy hiem khac.
Giup Dd NgUdi VoGia CU va NgUdi Mac
Benh Tarn Than
Cac bien phap sau day la "each hay nha't" ma cac
gidi chac thanh pho' cd the lam de canh bao ngadi
dan va true tie'p giup dd:
• Phan pho'i tu van qua phUdng tien truyen thong
dai chung
• Khdi dong cac dudng day dien thoai khan
• Bao cho nhOng ngadi tinh nguyen trong khu pho',
ngadi trong nha, va be ban biet
• Cung ang nhufng tda nha cd may lanh va cung
cap viec chuyen chd den nhOng ndi do
• Giup dd ngadi v6 gia cu
• Hdp tac vdi "cac cd quan phuc vu ngadi cao
tuoi d khu vi/c" de hadng din nhOfng ngadi d§ bj
nguy hiem
Cac thanh pho cung cd the pho'i hdp vdi cong ty
dien lac dja phadng de bao dam cho cong ty do
khdng cat dien trong thdi gian cd ddt nong bac .
Cac Bien Phap Nao Co Hieu Qua Ve Chi
Phi Ma Cong Dong Co The Thi Hanh De
Lam Dju Mat Khong Khi?
Hai bien phap ma cac cong dong cd the lam la sCf
dung vat lieu xay dang phan chie'u anh mat trdi, va
trong cay co'i cd bong ram va lam diu mat tu nhien.
Ca hai each deu lam giam tac dong dao nong thanh
thj - nhiet dp thanh thj nong hdn cac khu thon que
chung quanh ta 2 den 10 dp F, va cd the han che
mac dp thadng xuyen, thdi gian keo dai, va tarn cd
cua nhOng luc qua nong bac.
Cac phadng each giam nhiet nha Idp ndc nha bang
vat lieu phan chie'u de lam mai nha it bj nong ma
ngadi My gpi la "cool roofs", hocic lot dadng bang
mau nhat, ho&c trong cay cd bong ram, deu la
nhOng phadng each co nhieu ich Idi. Cac each nay:
• Lam giam nhiet dp xung quanh
• Lam cham lai phan ang do nhiet, phan ang nay
tao d nhi§m khdng khi d tang ozone
• Giam mac tieu dung nang ladng
• Cai tien tien nghi va khung canh sinh song
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Cac No'i Tham Khao Khac
Chu Thich
Co Quan Bao Ve Moi Trudng, Sach HUdng Din
Khi Gap Thdi Tiet Qua Nong Buc
Cac Meo Nhanh Gpn De Doi Pho Vdi Thdi Tiet Qua
Nong Biic
http://www.epa.gov/aging/resources/epareports.
htm#ehe_hw
Tarn Bfch ChUdng: Danh Bai Thdi Tiet N6ng-8
Bien Phap Ddn Gian danh cho Ngudi Cao Nien
http://www.epa.gov/aging/resources/posters/index.
htm#beattheheat-es
De Khdi Giam Tac Dong Dao Nong
http://www.epa.gov/heatisland
Trung Tarn Kiem Ngifa Benh
http://www.cdc.gov/aging/
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/
mm5529a2.htm
Hiep Hoi Y Khoa Hoa Ky, Benh Do Thdi Tiet Nong
Gay Ra Trong Suot Khi Co Tinh Trang Khan Cap
Tot Do
http://search.ama-assn.org/Search/query.html?qc=p
ublic+amnews+pubs&qt=heat
Cd Quan Khi Tudng Quoc Gia, Ddt Thdi Tiet Nong
va Chi So Thdi Tiet Nong
http://usasearch.gov/search?v%3Aproject=firstgov
&query=heat+wave&affiliate=nws.noaa.gov
Cac So Thong Ke Moi Nguy Hiem Cua Thdi Tiet
Nong va Cac Thien Tai Khac
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats.shtml
DU An Huong Din Ve Ddt Thdi Tiet Nong
http://www.isse.ucar.edu/heat/
Bp Thudng Mai Hoa Ky, Ban Quan Trj Khi Quyen
va Dai DUdng Quoc Gia
Dm Thdi Tiet Nong: Ke Gie't NgUdi Chinh Vao
Mua He
http://www.noaawatch.gov/themes/heat.php
1 Kallkstein, L.S. and J.S. Greene, 1997. An
Evaluation of Climate/Mortality Relationships
in Large U.S. Cities and the Possible Impact
of a Climate Change. Environmental Health
Perspectives, 105(1):84-93.
2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2003. Extreme Heat. Available online:
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/
3 Federal Emergency Management
Administration, Backgrounder on Extreme Heat,
Feb.2003
4 Naughton MP, Henderson A, Mirabelli MC,
Kaiser R, Wilhelm JL, Kieszak SM, Rubin CH,
McGeehin MA. Heat-related mortality during a
1999 heat wave in Chicago. Am J Prev Med.
2002 May;22(4):328-9.
5 McMichael, A.J., L.S. Kalkstein and other lead
authors, 1996. Climate Change and Human
Health, (eds. A.J. McMichael, A. Haines, R.
Slooff, S. Kovats). World Health Organization,
and United Nations Environment Programme
(Who/WMO/UNEP), Geneva, 297 pp.
Muon Tim Hieu Them
De An Phuc Vu Ngifdi Cao Nien cua EPA dang no
luc bao ve sire khoe moi trudng cua quy vi cao nien
bang each phoi hop nghien cifu, vdi cac chUdng
trinh phong ngC/a, va hudng dan cho cong chung.
Muon biet them thong tin hay muo'n gia nhap vao
listserve hay vao mang ladi tai: www.epa.gov/aging
Protecting the Health
flf Older Americans
Vietnamese translation of: "It's Too Darn
Hot" - - Planning for Excessive Heat Events
Publication Number: EPA 100-F-08-052
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