EPA.-600/2-81-198
                                               September 1981
  DETECTION  AND  MAPPING  OF  INSOLUBLE  SINKING POLLUTANTS
                     Raymond  A.  Meyer
                      Milton  Kirsch
                      Larry F. Marx
                 Rockwell   International
             Newbury Park,  California 91320
                 Contract  No.  68-03-2648
                     John  E.  B'rtrgger
         Oil  &  Hazardous Materials Spiels
        Solid & Hazardous Waste Research
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati
                Edison, New Jersey  08837
       MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL, RESEARCH LABORATORY
          .0FFICE OF RESEARCH 'WO DEVELOPMENT
          U..S.  ENVIRONMENTAL '^OTECTION AGENCY
                CINCIN^TI,  OHIO 45268

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                                 DISCLAIMER
     This report has been reviewed by the Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views- and
policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of
trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation
for use.

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                                  CONTENTS


Foreword	iii
Abstract	iv
Figures	yi
Tables	viii
Abbreviations  	  ix

     1.  Introduction  	   1
     2.  Conclusions 	   2
     3.  Recommendations 	   3
              Monitor System 	   3
              Mapping System 	   3
     4.  Submersible Monitor 	   8
              Introduction 	   8
              Initial Laboratory Testing 	   8
              Final Design and Testing	   9
              Submersible Monitor and Shore Station Design 	  12
              Monitor Design 	  14
     5.  Pollutant Mapping Technique 	  19
              Introduction 	  19
              Candidate Techniques 	  19
              Ultrasonic Pollution Mapping Development 	  22
              Surrogate Pollutant  	  31
              Field Test System  . .  .-	31
              Computerized Data Management 	  37

References	46
Bibliography 	  47
Appendices
     A.  Electronic Control Module 	  48
     B.  Fortran Programs  	  50
     C.  Sample Data Printout	58

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                           FIGURES (continued)
Figure                                                                 Page
  18    Expanded echo return	29
  19    Expanded return echo with tenfold sensitivity increase ....   29
  20    Combined echo returns, both high and low
           sensitivity, clean bottom .  . :	30
  21    Combined echo return, 21-mm-deep CC14 bottom layer 	   31
  22    Electronic circuitry used in field studies 	   32
  23    Pontoon boat used in Lake Casitas study	34
  24    Lake Casitas study instrumentation 	   34
  25    Delta Region study areas	   35
  26    Developing 16-mm film	36
  27    Drying film	36
  28    Laboratory experiment photographs  	   37
  29    Field study photographs showing rising  gas bubble  	   38
  30    Photo series in transit from smooth-hard to weedy bottom ...   39
  31    Voltage comparator example . -	41
  32    Multiple comparator-timer example  	   42
  33    Comparator-time data from Figures 20 and 21  	44

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                                  TABLES
Table                                    .,                             Page
  1     Electrical Conductivity of Some Substances 	   9
  2     Common Cylinder Gas Supply Data  	  13
  3     The Effect of Frequency Upon Absorption Coefficient
           and Single Pulse Width  	  23
  4     Digitized Bottom Echo Data, Tank Test	43
  5     Time to Reach Six Reference Voltages	44
                                    vm

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                                ABBREVIATIONS

AC         alternating current
ANSI       American National Standards Institute
Ar         argon
C          speed of sound
 C         degrees Celsius
o
CC1.       carbon tetrachloride
cm         centimeter
CCL        carbon dioxide
cos        cosine
dB         decibel
dB/km      decibels per kilometer
f          frequency
°F         degrees Fahrenheit
ft         feet
g          gram
gm/cm      grams per centimeter
Hz         Hertz
ID         inside diameter
in.        inch
kg         kilogram
kHz        kilohertz

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kPa        kilopascal
kt         knot
1b         pounds
LIDAR      light detection and ranging
LED        light emitting diode
m          meter
m/sec      meters per second
 3
m          cubic meter
 3
m /d       cubic meters per day
mhos cm~   micromhos per centimeter
MHz        megahertz
ml         milliliter
ml/day     milliliters per day
ml/min     milliliters per minute
mm         millimeter
ins         millisecond
mv         millivolt
Pi         incident wave
Pr         reflected wave
psi        pounds per square inch
pslg       pounds per square inch gauge
Pt         penetrating wave
SCUBA      self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
STP        standard temperature and pressure
TCE        trichloroethylene
W          watt
usec       microsecond

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)•         angle of  incident wave
)          angle of  reflected wave
3          angle of  penetrating wave
                                       XI

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                                  SECTION  1

                                 INTRODUCTION


     Spills or releases of hazardous materials into rivers, streams, or lakes
cause severe environmental impact that could result in massive fish kills or
contamination to municipal water supplies.  Many of these hazardous materials
are immiscible and denser than water.  These insoluble sinking pollutants must
be detected immediately and mapped to initiate cleanup operations that will
minimize health and environmental impacts.

     This class of pollutants may sink rapidly to the bottom, forming localized
pools, or if turbulence is great enough, they will remain suspended in the
water column until they reach a quiescent area of the watercourse where they
may settle out.  Very often the nature and existence of the spill is known,
but mapping the location and movement of the pollutant pools is necessary to
direct cleanup techniques and avoid widespread environmental damage.

     This report focuses on both facets of the problem by reporting on the
development of a continuous bottom-deployed submersible monitor and the inves-
tigation of a pollutant pool mapping technique.

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                                 SECTION 2

                                CONCLUSIONS


MONITOR SYSTEM

     The concept of monitoring electrical conductivity to detect the presence
of sinking insoluble pollutants in watercourses has been proven viable.   A
purged conductivity cell has been conceived, developed, tested, and is ready
for inclusion into a monitor design.   Proposed design concepts for a submers-
ible monitor and shore station have been developed and the program awaits the
decision to start construction of the prototype.

MAPPING SYSTEM

     The applicability of ultrasonic echo study to the location of pollutant
pools has been tested both in the laboratory and in the field.  An automated
system has been constructed to take 16-mm motion pictures of an oscilloscope
face while it is showing the voltage excursions of an echo return.  The great
majority of the 50,000 echoes captured on film from actual field studies in
lake and watercourse environments show no precursor signals that would inter-
fere with observation of pollutant pool echoes.  A technique for digitizing
and processing the photographic data has been developed and used to test a
data management concept.  The concept appears viable.  Both a minimum-cost
system and a complex, computer-operated, multidetector system have been con-
ceived and are reported under Section 3, Recommendations.

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                                SECTION 3

                             RECOMMENDATIONS


     This report discusses concepts for monitoring and for mapping pollution
caused by watercourse spills of insoluble sinking materials such as halocar-
bons.  Both of the concepts have been developed through successful laboratory
and preliminary field testing.  Additional work is required to complete the
transformation into field-ready equipment.  The monitoring and mapping con-
cepts are discussed separately.

MONITOR SYSTEM

     The designs of the submersible monitor and associated shore station seem
well established.  The only experimental work left undone is selection of the
optimum cell purge gas volume.  Once this factor is known, discussion with
concerned and knowledgable individuals will establish the other operating par-
ameters and construction of the prototype system will begin.  The prototype
design will include provision for altering the timing and data reporting
functions.  It will be tested over several 1-month periods under different
bottom stability conditions in the Rockwell test tank.  Additional studies
will be performed in a local fresh-water lake to study the effect of algal
buildup on the conductivity cell and transmitting transducer, vertical move-
ment into a soft bottom, the effect of the possible intrusion of bottom mate-
rial into the sensor, and any unexpected aberrations caused by a real environ-
ment.  Shore station operation will be verified during the field test.

MAPPING SYSTEM

     The development discussed in this report has shown that ultrasonic echoes
from the surface of pollutant pools can be resolved from echoes off the bottom
of watercourses.  A return signal study technique has been developed and used
to test the feasibility of a proposed microcomputer-based system.  These stud-
ies were performed with modified commercial depth-sounding equipment using a
200-k.Hz transducer.  Several important parameters must be investigated before
an optimum system can be designed.

Frequency

     Frequencies used in the field of applied ultrasonics cover the wide range
from less than 115 Hz to more than 10 MHz.  The low-frequency range is impor-
tant because of its ability to penetrate long distances and/or lack of reflec-
tion from density discontinuities such as thermoclines.  While these parameters
are very useful if the goal is submarine location, they are of negative value
in pollutant mapping.  On the other hand, while the higher frequencies will

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reflect better from density discontinuities,
higher.  Data from Urick (4) fits equation 1
in fresh water to frequency.
                                     -7
     their  attenuation  by
      which relates  sound
        absorption (db/m) = 2.63 x 10"   (frequency  [kHz])
                 1.994
water is
absorption
                                 0)
     A study of manufacturer's transducer literature indicates that a  1-MHz
signal may be effective in 33 meters of water.  This is  in excess of the  15-
meter design depth and will provide some allowance for the effect of turbid-
ity on signal absorption.  Accordingly, a 1-MHz system will be assembled  and
tested both in the Rockwell test tank with actual pollutant layers and  in  the
field with the oscilloscope-photographic system.  This represents a large
change in transducer frequency and, based on the data from the test, one  or
two intermediate frequencies may be tested to determine  the optimum frequency.

Rectifier Addition

     After the completion of the experimental work of this investigation,  it
became apparent that only the positive voltage excursions of the echo signal
were used.  However, if a precision full-wave rectifier were incorporated
into the receive amplifier, the rectifier would convert the negative excur-
sions into positive and fold them in between the actual  positive voltage ex-
cursions.  This simple addition would double both the time resolution and  the
dynamic range of the oscilloscope.  The change will be simple and will have
no effect on the rest of the electronics.  The normal and proposed oscillo-
scope traces are diagrammed below.
   looa
   500-,
  -500-4
 -1000
Power
                                         1000
                                          500-f
                                            0 irvvvvwvwwwvwvvl
           1040        1080

        Normal  return  signal
         101*0        1080

Full-wave rectified return signal
     Once the optimum frequency has been determined, the system will  be test
at locations having maximum suspended solids to optimize the signal  power
level.  The power must be sufficient to result in satisfactory return echoe.<
but excess'power places an unneeded load on the portable power supplies.

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Beam Form

     The ultrasonic beam of the system used in the reported study was circu-
lar with -3 dB at 9°.  Another transducer is in house that has a 2° beam.  The
return signals from both transducers will be evaluated in an effort to deter-
mine the optimum  beamwidth.  The Edo Western 1-MHz transducer tentatively
selected for the next test has a -3 dB beamwidth of 1.5° and a maximum power
rating at 10% duty of 100 W.  Its theoretical maximum effective depth is rated
at 33 m (100 ft).

Pollutant Density Study

     Carbon tetrachloride has been used in all testing up to this point.  The
EPA list of priority pollutants will be studied and a group of several other
materials will be selected and their surface echoes characterized.   Emphasis
will be placed on selecting a wide density range of materials.

     Once the optimum frequency beamwidth and power level have been deter-
mined, the design of the transducer-receiver system will  be fixed.   At this
point the development may continue along one of two divergent paths.  The
first is directed toward development of the technique into a computerized,
multidetector system capable of sweeping a wide path of the watercourse.  The
computer will make pollution location decisions and relate the location to
micro-navigational data.  The net result would be a watercourse map showing
pollutant pools.  The second path is directed toward a minimum-cost system.
This system would consist of a single detector-oscilloscope combination and
employ an observer to monitor the oscilloscope pattern.  The two systems will
be discussed separately.

Multidetector-Computer System

     A single detector unit will be constructed in its final form.   The im-
plementation of the data management concept will proceed through the usual
steps of breadboard, prototype, and final production.  Once the breadboard is
functional, a few field trips will gather the large amounts of data required
to formulate the data processing algorithms.  At the present stage  of the de-
velopment, reduction of the photographic data to digital  data requires 1 min-
ute for each 0.1 second of data-taking, or a ratio of 600:1.  This  precludes
the reduction of large amounts of data.  The photographic record, however, is
very useful for subjective evaluation by viewing the projected film.  Photo-
graphy will continue and be used as a second data source that can be corre-
lated with the data from the multi-voltage level comparator-counter system.
It is premature to attempt to describe the algorithm to be used in  detecting
pollutant echoes.  Some requirements are obvious:

     1.  Adaptable to rapidly changing depths

     2.  Must ignore weeds and submerged objects

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     3.  Not affected by changing bottom conditions, e.g., mud, rock, etc.

     4.  Unaffected by thermoclines, internal waves, and water turbulence,
         both surface and bottom

     5.  Not affected by turbidity

     The subjective evaluation of photographs gathered during the preliminary
field trips indicates that the major problem area will be detection of pollu-
tion layers on a weed-covered bottom.  Satisfaction of the remaining require-
ments seems well within the realm of possibility.

Final Design and System Deployment

     Multi-sensor boom deployment techniques have been developed for hydro-
graphic survey work.  One such system is described in literature from Ross
Laboratories, Seattle, Washington.  The literature indicates the portability
of the sensor deployment system.  It is anticipated that a similar system may
be used to deploy the sensors in the final design.  Several  alternate tech-
niques for use of the data have been suggested.  They range from an on-board
audio alarm signalling the operator to throw an anchor buoy overboard to a
sophisticated recording system involving the generation and recording of pre-
cise navigational data to accompany the sensor return data.   The sophisticated
system could generate an actual map of the pollutant pools by subsequent pro-
cessing of the recorded data.  The simple system should be implemented and
used before passing on to the more elaborate system.  When the system detects
a pollutant pool, a light on the particular detecting transducer flashes and
the operator could then throw an anchored buoy at that light to mark the area.
In a second operation, a boat equipped with a single transducer system and
weighted conductivity probe searches the buoyed areas to define the pool.

     The deployment boat or, even better, a lead boat should be equipped with
standard depth-sounders to locate the deepest part of the watercourse where
the pollutant pools would be expected to lie.  The sensor boat could then
sweep that area.

Single-Detector System

     The single-detector system development is directed toward construction
of a field-usable device  at a minimum cost.  In this embodiment,  the proposed
computer data management system development will be shelved  in favor of a
trained operator observing the echo return patterns on an oscilloscope.

     The ultimate purpose of this development will be to construct and deliver
a suitcase-sized, battery-operated apparatus for locating sunken pollutant
pools.  A training film and instruction manual will be included to allow oper-
ation by untrained personnel.  The system will be designed for passenger air-
craft transportation as part of the spill response team luggage for deployment
from a 14-foot or larger rental fishing skiff.  An inflatable boat such  as an
Avon or Zodiac and an outboard motor may be included in the  package for  com-
plete independence from local facilities.

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     The great majority of the development work is completed.  However, the
past study was limited to a single frequency -- 200 kHz.  This is the fre-
quency favored for depth-sounder use because of its penetration abilities.
Long-distance penetration is not a requirement for pollutant pool location,
and a higher frequency that reflects better from density discontinuities
would be preferred.  Frequencies between 200 kHz and 1 MHz may be tested to
determine the optimal frequency.  It is anticipated that the higher frequency
system will give superior results.

     When the optimal transducer selection-has been made, a suitcase-sized
spill response system will be constructed mainly from existing materials.  It
will be battery-operated, light in weight, and capable of deployment from
small fishing craft.  The system will consist of the ultrasonic electronics
and will read out on a battery-operated oscilloscope.  A line-deployed,
battery-operated conductivity measurement system will be included in the kit
to verify the presence of the pollutant pool.  The electrical conductivity of
the halogenated hydrocarbon is near zero and easily distinguished from that
of a watercourse ambient.  The system will be tested in a local lake under
simulated emergency spill response conditions.  If deemed desirable, spill
response team personnel may be included during the testing.

     The frequency study and system testing will generate motion picture film
of the oscilloscope face taken during field operation.  These photographs of
actual bottom return signals will  be incorporated into a short training film
to show potential operators what to expect.   An instruction manual  will be
written to explain the deployment theory and the electronic circuitry of the
system.  Upon completion of the reduction to practice, the possibility of a
system patent will be investigated.

     Spills of this nature are infrequent and very difficult to simulate for
testing.  It may prove desirable to include one of the system development
team in the first spill response operation.   A post-response critique could
result in suggestions for improved deployment efficiency or system improve-
ment.

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                                 SECTION 4

                            SUBMERSIBLE MONITOR
INTRODUCTION

     To treat spills of hazardous materials effectively, the spill must be
detected and identified rapidly.  Rapid detection makes it possible to reduce
damage from a spill by discovering it before it becomes widespread and by ex-
pediting means of localized impoundment, treatment, and removal.   A wide range
of chemical and physical phenomena have been explored as a possible means of
detecting sinking, insoluble pollutants.  Automated gas chromatography, LIDAR,
optical energy absorption, etc. were considered as techniques for detecting
sinking pollutants.  All were judged impractical because of cost, complexity,
or performance when compared with the simple electrical conductivity cell.

     The electrolytic conductance is a measure of the ability of a solution to
carry an electric current, and it is a summation of contributions from all the
ions present.  The specific conductance or conductivity depends on the number
of ions per unit volume of solution and on the velocity with which each ion
moves under the influence of the applied electromotive force.  As a solution
of an electrolyte is diluted, it decreases, since fewer ions are present to
carry the electric current in a given volume.  The electrical conductivity of
representative halogenated hydrocarbons that are typical candidates for spill
pollution appear in Table 1.  Without exception, the conductivity of these
materials is less than 0.001% of that of the common waterway fluid.  The large
difference in conductivity permits application of simple go/no-go testing.

INITIAL LABORATORY TESTING

     Trichloroethylene was selected as typical of the insoluble sinking pollu-
tants because of its reported (1) 1.5 specific gravity and O.l-part-per-100
solubility.  Measurements showed that the conductivity of Newbury Park tap
water was 700 x 10~6 mhos cm'1, whereas the trichloroethylene had a conductiv-
ity below the measurement capability of a Markson portable conductivity meter,
less than 2 x 10~° mhos cm"1.

     The first laboratory evaluation consisted of flowthrough experiments with
a Markson conductivity cell in the horizontal position.  The conductivity cell
consisted of a 0.4-cm-ID tube 15 cm long with two annular gold rings at the
exit end.  Gravity-induced flow of tap water through the conductivity cell
(maximum rate of 190 ml/min or 0.5 kt linear or watercourse flow velocity) and
an injection septum for the addition of the pollutant with a hypodermic syringe
completed the experimental apparatus.  Many injections of varying amounts of

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            TABLE  1.   ELECTRICAL  CONDUCTIVITY  OF  SOME  SUBSTANCES
                    Chemical
Conductivity
 (mho cm~T)
                 Chloroform

                 Carbon  Tetrachloride

                 Trichloroethylene

                 Freon TF

                 Newbury Park  Tap Water

                 Laboratory  Deionized  Water

                 Northern  Sacramento
                 River Delta
  <2 x 10
                                                     -8
  <2 x 10
  <2 x 10
         -8
         -8
  <2 x 10
         -8
   7 x 10
         -4
         -6
   1 x 10
   1 to 3 x 10
              -4
trichloroethylene were made into the flowing stream of tap water.  To avoid
possible residual effects building up in the cell, 1 ml of air bubbles was in-
jected periodically into the flowing water.  Several simulated watercourse
flowrates were tested.

     All tests, irrespective of watercourse flowrate and pollutant injection
amount or rate, resulted in a measurable decrease in conductivity.  Figure 1
shows that significant decreases in conductivity occurred as higher amounts of
the pollutant, trichloroethylene, were added.  Figure 2 indicates that the
period of the pollutant injection is directly reflected in the conductivity
cell output.  These results show that the Markson portable conductivity meter
is capable of rapid response to the intrusion of even microscopic volumes of
pollutant.

FINAL DESIGN AND TESTING

     During prior laboratory testing, the conductivity sensor was deployed in
the horizontal position.  Water flowing by gravity forced the samole through
the cell.  In natural  watercourses, the energy available along the bottom is
predicted to be insufficient for good sampling, and plugging of t.ie cell  due
to river material may cause problems in long-term deployment.  To avoid these
difficulties, a new deployment concept was initiated with the conductivity
cell oriented vertically in the water column and utilizing a cyclic gas burst
purging system.

     Figure 3 shows a laboratory system to test this arrangement.  In opera-
tion, a timing circuit switched the three-way valve for 10 seconds every  min-
ute or more, depending upon the desired sampling frequency.   When the three-way
valve switches, the pressurized contents of the purge volume are dumped into a

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       E
       o
gsoo Vl
i o
o —

^600 " IT
OLUM
o
io

f
                    VOLUME TRICHLOROETHYLENE ml

                                 o
                        r
       §400


       o



       2200
       O
       o
                               (— 30 SECONDS —}
      Figure 1.  Five  different volumes of trichloroethylene

                 each  injected over a 2-second  interval

                 into  a  3.2-ml/min water stream.
       o
       V.


       0800
               20 sec
4 sec
UJ
o


I
         400
       O
       o
         200
                     30 sees
Figure  2.  10 ml trichloroethylene injected into water flowing at

          0.26 m/sec (0.5  kt)  (two injection  rates [sec]).
                              10

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PURGE —
VOLUME
100 cc

   3-WAY
   SOLENOID
   VALVE

                                         ELECTRICAL
                                         LEADS
                                VENT
                                                  CONDUCTIVITY
                                                  CELL
                                GAS
                          Figure 3.  Test System.
line leading to the cell.  Some of the gas escapes through the vent but the
majority rushes downward through the cell, displacing the old sample and clear-
ing the inlet screen.  When the purge gas volume is exhausted, a new sample of
bottom water enters the cell, displacing the air through the vent.  This sys-
tem allows a fresh sample from the bottom of a watercourse to be reliably taken
at any desired time interval.

     Figure 4 is the recording made during testing which involved the addition
of trichloroethylene to a depth of 2 cm above the surface of a sand bottom.
The screened end of the cell was buried to a 2-cm depth in the sand during the
test to simulate a system in which bottom material (sand, silt, clay, etc.)
covers the cell opening.  The first four cycles after the trichloroethylene
was added did not show intrusion of the pollutant, but upon the fifth cycle
(Figure 4 [!]), the trichloroethylene entered the cell and the conductivity
dropped significantly.  Although not shown in this figure, the conductivity
remained near zero for 100 more cycles.

     The laboratory test system was operated continuously for 2 months without
failure.  Power for the system was supplied from an automobile battery that was
recharged as required.  The gas supply system was laboratory compressed air at
584 kPa (70 psig).'

     Thus, this embodiment of the concept of a vertically oriented, cyclically
purged conductivity cell was proven to perform satisfactorily.  It was also
proven operable even when the cell opening was buried in sand.
                                      11

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                    700
                    eoo
                  S400
                  UJ
                  o
                  <300
                  §200

                  8
                     100
        '}a
                                             33
                                             C.
                                             00
                                             5
                                                   i — i — i
5         10
 TIME, MINUTES
                                                       Its
                        Figure 4.  Sand-covered sensor.
SUBMERSIBLE MONITOR AND SHORE STATION DESIGN

     The preliminary design of a submersible monitor for detecting sinking
pollutants employing the vertically oriented conductivity cell has been com-
pleted.  The design criteria are:

     1.  Operation without restrictions caused by turbidity, salinity, depth,
         and flowrate of the watercourse

     2.  Operation without restriction to bottom type or substratum

     3.  Ability to be self-contained, requiring no pipe or electrical con-
         nection to shore

     4.  Unattended operating time of at least 365 days

     5.  Deployment from small craft without diver assistance

     6.  External design to minimize damage by anchor snagging, net or trawl
         disturbance, or impact of submerged objects

     The basic concept of the submersible monitor is that of a battery-
operated, electronically controlled cylinder gas purged cell unit with ultra-
sonic data transmission to shore.  The system must be weighted and durable
enough to remain in position on the bottom and covered with a smooth and
sturdy fairing to deflect waterborne objects and boat anchors.  The conductiv-
ity cell must be immune to clogging and be able to receive a fresh sample from
the bottom of the watercourse.
                                      12

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     The supply consumption calculations and, therefore, the unattended life
of the proposed system are based on a 10-minute cell  purge frequency, a depth
of 15.2 meters (50 ft), and a water temperature of 4°C (39°F).   The cell  purge
volume was established at 10 ml.

Gas Supply

     Under the design conditions, each celT purge discharges 81.4 ml of gas at
STP.  Since the cell is purged 144 times per 24 hours, gas is consumed at a
rate of 1.172 x 104 ml/day, or 0.0117 m3 per day.  Table 2 relates the type of
cell purge gas, the volume in a typical cylinder, and the life span of such a
cylinder.   Carbon dioxide releases more gas per cylinder than any other except
the 41,000-kPa (6000-psi) cylinders of compressed gas.  All  the standard cyl-
inders are 23 x 152 cm (9 x 52 in.) cylinders.  Additionally, C02 is available
in a 20 x 69 cm (8 x 27 in.) cylinder that holds 109 kg (24 Ib) of liquefied
gas.  Each such cylinder will purge the cell 70,000 times, or 144 times per
day for 1.3 years.

Power Supply

     Power will be supplied to the entire system with lead-acid truck batter-
ies or gel cells.  One such truck battery will deliver 25 amperes for 440 min-
utes or a conservative 185 ampere-hours.  This battery weighs approximately 662
kg (146 Ib).  Once the electronic control package design has been completed,
the power demand will be calculated and a suitable number of batteries will be
installed.  At least two, and perhaps four batteries will be used in a switch-
ing string so that each battery is discharged in turn.  A fully charged battery


               TABLE 2.  COMMON CYLINDER GAS SUPPLY DATA


                                Volume in TypicalDays at
       Gas	Cylinder,  m3	0.0117 m3/day
Ar
co2
Helium 2640
Methane
Nitrogen 2200
Air
Freon 1 3
C0?
9.5
12.
3.2
3.5
6.4
6.2
3.5
5.9
- 16.3
4 - 14.9
- 14.8
- 14.4
- 14.0
- 14.0

(Matheson
811 -
1055
703 -
725 -
546 -
531 -
295
507
1391
- 1270
1266
1231
1193
1193


                                   12 cylinder)
                                      13

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has a lower self-discharge rate and thus longer shelf life.  The lowered cap-
acity of a battery at watercourse temperatures will be considered in the final
design.  All  batteries will be given two or more charge-discharge cycles be-
fore installation to eliminate defective units.  The batteries will  be con-
tained in pressurized waterproof compartments.

Data Transmission

     Data will be transmitted to the shore, station with a pulse-modulated
ultrasonic signal.  The transducer frequency will be selected on the basis of
non-interference from other similar signals.  For example, the 200-kHz range
will not be considered because of possible interference from depth-sounders
and fish-finders.  Off-the-shelf system components will be thoroughly evalu-
ated before development effort is expended.  Low frequencies will be preferred
for their penetration of soft mud in case the system sinks into a soft bottom.

Shore Station

     The present shore station concept includes an ultrasonic receiver, elec-
tronics to decode the signals, signal test circuitry with an adjustable "nor-
mal signal" window, a stripchart recorder output and a dial-up alarm system to
notify a remote oeprator of abnormal conductivity caused by a pollution alert
or system malfunction.  Provisions will be made for routine dial-up and data
transmission each 24 hours as a means of quality assurance.  Additionally, the
station telephone may be called and the data tone will be transmitted as it is
received.  Both of these operations may be disabled with ease.  Several moni-
tors may be serviced by a single shore station.  The ultrasonic data signal
will be coded to eliminate shore station response to spurious signals from
non-monitor sources such as boat motors, depth-sounders, and fish-finders.

MONITOR DESIGN

     The previous paragraphs prove that it is practical to construct a sub-
mersible monitor meeting the design criteria.  The next task is to weigh the
various operating parameters such as purge gas volume, cycle time, reporting
frequency, reporting resolution, and self-check features against the power and
gas supply budget.   One of these parameters, purge gas volume, requires fur-
ther study to develop an optimum amount.  The rest must be decided by the ulti-
mate user.  For the purposes of this report, it will be assumed that 10 ml of
gas at 100 psig, which is 21 cell volumes, will be sufficient to purge the
cell, the cycle time will be established at 10 minutes, and the conductivity
signal will generate a frequency-coded signal used to modulate the ultrasonic
transmission signal.  Data to be transmitted for 30 seconds out of every 10
minutes will  be the conductivity of the cell immediately prior to the purge
cycle.  Figure 5 indicates the electrical control cycle.  The proposed design
will have an operational life of one year.  It is shown conceptually in Fig-
ures 6, 7, and 8.  The proposed system will be weighted with concrete, prob-
ably a few hundred pounds.  However, study of the various forces occurring
along the watercourse bottom will give the necessary information to  determine
optimal weighting and support of the system.

     Figure 8 indicates the use of anchor pins that would be suitable for hard
bottoms, but other supports such as spread footings or inverted eliptical  pads

                                      14

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oo
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                                                               oo
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   03
Q
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                           456
                           Time,  Minutes
11
        Figure 5.  Submersible electrical  control cycle.
                                  CONDUCTIVITY CELL
                                                        DATA TRANSMITTER
        Figure 6.   Submersible electronic block diagram.
                                  15

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                                                               ©      ©
A - GAS CYLINDERS
B - 100 PSI  REGULATOR
C - 2 PSIG REGULATOR
D - CHECK VALVE
E - BATTERY  BOX
F - OVERPRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
G - BELLOFRAM WATER PRESSURE COMPENSATOR
H - DEPTH COMPENSATOR BOX
I - CELL PURGE VOLUME
J - CONDUCTIVITY CELL
K - SOLENOID VALVE
                    Figure 7.  Gas  flow schematic for  submersible.
may be more  suitable for softer  bottoms.   The design  provides for an inter-
changeable support system.   It can  be deployed from a  small  boat and position-
ing adjusted if required by  a SCUBA diver and lift bag (buoyancy compensator).
The design may be such that  recovery is not cost-effective  but, since the  posi-
tion will be triangulated from shore when it is placed,  a  diver with a metal
locator  should be able to locate it with ease.

     The monitor will be placed  on  the thalweg line (maximum depth) of the
watercourse.   A hydrographical study will be made to  select an area where
there  is a minimum shift of  the  thalweg line due to changes in watercourse
flow velocity.  This is typically in an area between  the meandering currents,
where  the flow is fairly directional and smooth for a  distance.  It is anti-
cipated  that the monitor may settle as much as 50 cm  into  a soft bottom, but
                                       16

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laboratory experiments have shown that the cell  is capable of operation when
buried in sand and mud.  The purge gas opens a large hole to the surface of
the bottom and the cell is filled with liquid from the bottom of the water-
course.  Extremely soft bottoms, such as reported by Saxona and Smirnoff (2),
may preclude use of the monitor.  The final design will  be well tested in a
large tank presently located at the Rockwell facility.  Various bottom types
will be generated using material from actual watercourses.  Other considera-
tions to be studied are discussed in the Recommendations section.
                                     18

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                                 SECTION 5.

                        POLLUTANT MAPPING TECHNIQUE
INTRODUCTION
     The continuous submersible monitor that will be located on the water-
course bottom will provide a new technique to rapidly detect the occurrence
of a hazardous material spill.  Laboratory experiments have shown (3) that
the material may travel great distances down a channelized river bottom,
accumulate as pools filling up the valleys of undulating watercourse bottoms,
or form as random globs and pools whose size and movement are dependent upon
the hydrodynamic and physical characteristics of the watercourse.  A pollu-
tant mapping technique is needed to locate the hazardous material along the
watercourse and direct rapid cleanup operations to minimize widespread bio-
logical and environmental impact.

     This mapping system will be transported to spill locaions and deployed
with speed of response as a major factor in its design.  It therefore must be
modular in construction and light in weight to permit air transport, even by
small charter aircraft,to remote locations.  Ideally, it should be capable of
deployment from rental outboard-powered fishing boats or inflatable boats
(i.e., Avon or Zodiac) carried as part of the package.  The system must have
low power requirements and be battery operable.  An example of such a power
supply would be typical 12-volt gel-cells.

     Watercourse bottoms are characterized by nonuniformity of depth, sub-
strate, currents, turbidity, etc., and a wide range of man-introduced mate-
rial.  These typical bottom parameters impose severe design constraints upon
sensors or probes such as conductivity cells that would be submerged and
towed through the watercourse or contact with the bottom.  This leads to
another requirement that the sensing technique function from on or just below
the surface of the watercourse.

     The design, construction, and application of the selected technique
should be compatible with field deployment and eventual operation by nontech-
nical personnel.

CANDIDATE TECHNIQUES

Gas Chromatography

     Halogenated hydrocarbons dissolved in water can be detected and measured
by gas chromatography, especially if a semi-specific detector, such as elec-
tron capture, is used.  This technique would be applied by analyzing a series

                                     19

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of samples withdrawn from the watercourse for halogen content.  The flow
characteristics of the watercourse would then be integrated into the sample
data base and the position of the polluted pools calculated.  The halogen
content would be very low throughout most of the water column, which would
impose severe sensitivity requirements.  One of the largest problems in the
application of the gas chromatographic technique would be defining the water-
course flow and mixing pattern with sufficient accuracy to calculate the po-
sition of the source.  Other problems with this technique involve sampling,
time, and power requirements.

LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)

     LIDAR is a technique where laser energy is injected into the watercourse.
It penetrates the water to the bottom where it excites the atoms of the pollu:
tant to photo-emission.  The weak emitted light then travels to the surface,
where it is measured.  The wavelength of this light is a function of the
atomic structure of the pollutant and may be used to characterize the mater-
ial, as well as locate it.

     LIDAR has been used to locate temperature microstructure in the water
column, but has been applied only to moderate depths of clear ocean water.
Both the incident laser beam and the weak returning Raman spectra would be
severely attenuated by passage through 15 meters of typical  flowing turbid
watercourse media.  The system could be towed near the bottom of the water-
course; however, this increases the risk of snagging and damaging and pos-
sibly loss of the submerged part of the system.  Additionally, the technique
deals with very low energy levels, which necessitates delicate and costly
electronics.  The technique was discarded since it did not seem to be re-
sponsive to the objectives of the program.

Ultrasonics
     Of all forms of energy known to man, sound travels through water the
best.  In turbid, rough water conditions, both light (optical  methods)  and
radio waves are attenuated to a far greater degree than is sound.   Because of
its relative ease of propagation, underwater sound systems are being used for
depth-range recording, fish-finding, environmental monitoring, biomedical re-
search, metallurgy applications, as well as exploration of seas, rivers,  and
lakes, and forms the framework for the pollutant mapping technique.

Theory of Echo-Sounding and Ultrasonics--
     Catacoustics is defined as that part of acoustics that deals  with  re-
flected sounds, or echoes.  It is this portion of underwater acoustics  that
forms the basis of the pollutant mapping technique.

     Based on Huygen's Principle (4, 5) that an acoustic wave  front  expands
radially until it encounters either a medium having a different sound speed or
an object, Figure 9 shows a sound wave propagating from fresh  water  above,
into a pool of dense, low-soluble hazardous material (i.e., CCl^ density  =
1.595 g/cm3) below.  The incident wave, traveling in the direction of the
arrow labeled p-j, impinges on a surface, its angle e-j measured from  the normal
to the surface.  The reflected wave, pr, leaves the surface at angle er.   When
Q-; = 9r> the reflection is termed specular, in that the reflection has  a

                                     20

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waveform that is a duplicate of the  incident  waveform and can be perfectly
correlated with  it.  Some of the sound  penetrates  the material,  setting up
waves in that medium.  The penetrating  or  transmitted ray,  pt (Figure 9),
travels in a direction e^ which is determined by Snell's  Law (4, 6),

          (cos e./C0) =  (cos Qt/C})


for acoustic waves.  This penetrating wave, pt, will  be  reflected off the  next
boundary layer, which in the case of the pollutant mapping  technique  will  be
the watercourse bottom,  and travel back through both  mediums to  the transducer.

     Figure 10 shows the expected video mode  display  of  an  echo-sounding sys-
tem for a two-layered, liquid-liquid medium.   The  initial echo return time
(from the CC14 interface) is composed of twice the water  depth transit time.
The bottom echo return time is composed of twice the  water  depth time plus
twice the transit time in the pollutant layer.  Pollutant depth  measurements
are thus based on the time difference between the  return  echoes  from  the
pollutant-water interface and the bottom.

     When traveling through a medium other than water, the  speed of sound, c,
is dependent on the adiabatic compressibility and  density of the medium (4).
    TRANSDUCER
                           DISTANCE

                              TRANSIT
                              TIME

                           3.4msec
                  /TRANSMIT
                 /PULSE
 CCI4 BOTTOM
ECHO ECHO
  \  7
                      lo.2  0.
                      •*• m '
2msec
                   12345678
                   TIME IN MILLISECONDS
             ^ POLLUTANT
              LAYER (CCI4)
                       WATER
                       DEPTH
 — |
                                                                CC 1 4 DEPTH
Figure 9.  Ray diagram depicting the
incident, reflected and refracted
acoustic waves generated at a liquid-
liquid interface.  Refracted wave
shown for PQCQ (fresh water)
< p1c] (CC14).
           Figure 10.  Expected video mode display
           for conditions shown in Figure 9.
           Return echo time composed of twice the
           travel time (transmit down, echo  return
           up).
                                      21

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The speed of sound in the pollutant carbon tetrachloride, for example, is
only 63% of that in fresh water.  This causes the sound to slow down and in-
creases the depth resolution.  In order to differentiate the return signals,
the pulse width of the transmit signal must be short enough that the return
signals do not overlap in time and combine to form only one return signal.
Figure 10 illustrates a resolvable set of echoes with the transmit pulse be-
ing 60 microseconds long.

     The echo-sounding technique measures the time for a sonic signal to go
from the transducer face to a reflective interface (watercourse bottom or
liquid-liquid boundary layer) and back to the boat.  The known sound speed in
the traveling medium is then used to convert the travel time to acoustic
depth.  In order to have an efficient echo-sounding system, two parameters
that need to be defined are the desired depth of penetration and the resolu-
tion required.

     The depth of penetration of sound signals is dependent upon the frequency
of the signal and the absorption coefficient of the medium.  The absorption of
sound in water increases dramatically as the acoustic frequency is increased
(see Table 3) (4, 5).

     Resolution of a sonar system is a complex relationship involving beam-
width, bandwidth, and most importantly, pulsewidth (5).  The beamwidth, de-
fined as the angle from half power to half power of the main acoustic beam,
is dependent on the internal design of the transducer.  In general, the nar-
rower (i.e., more directive) the beam pattern, the greater the resolution
(decreases the insonified area).  Greater resolution can also occur by utiliz-
ing a deep towed array.  Acoustic energyin the ultrasonic frequency range is
known to reflect from layers of slightly different density such as thermo-
clines.  The knowledge developed from the depth-sounder application proved
that, usable bottom echo signals could be recovered from depths of several hun-
dred feet.  This knowledge, when coupled with the well-developed portable
sporting equipment, indicated that ultrasonic reflection studies were the best
candidate for continued investigation.

ULTRASONIC POLLUTION MAPPING DEVELOPMENT

Phase 1 - Screening Test

     The initial  laboratory test was designed to test the feasibility of the
acoustic mapping technique.  The test was conducted using a 1-liter beaker
with a 1-MHz transducer powered by a Budd Instrument 725 Immerscope in the
video mode display.  The beaker contained a 1.3-cm layer of CC14 on the bottom
and a 6.3-cm layer of fresh water from the transducer face to the top of the
CC14 layer.

     The results (see Figure 11) indicate that acoustic signals reflect from
the CC14 layer, as well as transmit through the layer and reflect back from
the bottom.  The CC14 depth is shown to be approximately 1.9 cm, but this is
slightly over-estimated, since the display on the Immerscope was calibrated
against the speed of sound in fresh water, not 0014.
                                     22

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             TABLE 3.   THE EFFECT OF FREQUENCY UPON ABSORPTION

                    COEFFICIENT AND SINGLE PULSE WIDTH3
  f (kHz)
Minimum Single
 Pulse Width
   (ysec) •..
Absorption
Coefficient ,
 (dB/km)(4.5)
1
10
50
TOO
200
300
400
500
700
1000
1000.0
100.0
20.0
10.0
5.0
3.3
2.5
2.0
1.4
1.0
2.20 x
2.20 x
1.84 x
2.20
8.79
19.78
35.17
54.95
107.71
219.82
10 "
io-2
ID'1







  a  -  All  calculations  are  referenced  to  sound  speed  in  fresh water
      (1463  m/sec).
Phase 2 - Depth-Sounder Tests in Cylindrical Container

     The 1-MHz laboratory test unit operated at high frequency compared with
the 200 kHz used in commercial depth-sounders and fish-finders.   Penetration
of water is a function of frequency, so this 1-MHz unit seemed not to be opti'
mal for testing in deeper water.  It also had low power capabilities.  A
Heathkit Model 1030-2 depth-sounder kit, operating at 200 kHz, was purchased
and assembled.  The Heathkit was chosen over the many depth-sounders in the
commercial  market for its superior documentation of the electronic circuitry
and theory.  The-Heathkit circuit appears as Figures 12 and 13,  which are
shown for general information only. (For component identification, please
refer to the Heath Company, Benton Harbor, Michigan.)  Pulse repetition rate
is controlled by the motor speed through a magnet on the spinning disk.  In
depth-sounder operation, each time the magnet passes over a switch it causes
a pulse of ultrasonic energy to be emitted from the transducer.   The echo
from the bottom is detected by the transducer (acting now as a receiver),
                                     23

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Xr-
             LU
             tr
             \-
             
             _j
             <
             z

             c/5
                  'TRANSMIT
                    PULSE
                                      BOTTOM
                                       ECHO
                               4       6
                           DEPTH  (cm)
            Figure 11.   Detection  of  carbon tetrachloride layer
                  at the bottom of a.  beaker full of water.
amplified, and the signal  causes  a  neon  light on the spinning disk to flash.
The angular location of the echo  flash  is  used as the depth indicator.  If a
large body such as a school  of fish is  interposed in the beam, two flashes
occur.  The first is the echo  from  the  fish and the second from the bottom.

     The system as assemoled had  an ultrasonic pulse width of 1.4 ms and a
repetition rate of 20 Hz.   The typical  sounder propagation rate in fresh water
is 1480 m/sec (in salt water at 21°C it  is 1520 m/sec) (4).  Thus during the
1.4-ms pulse width, the sound  travels 2.07 m.  This is diagrammed in Figure
                    sound travel  paths  for the bottom and pollutant surface
   the
14, which shows _...  	 __._.._.,	  . _   _.._   	     , . 	 ______
return echoes.   The  acoustic  signals  are actually superimposed but have been
offset for clarity.   Figure  15  shows  a  synthesized signal based on a theo-
retical  square-wave  1.4-ms  pulse  envelope.  Note that the echo returns from a
10-cm-deep pollutant pool and the bottom superimpose because of the pulse
length.

     The superposition  of the pool  and  bottom echoes may be minimized by short-
ening the transmit  pulse length.   In  addition, the receiver amplifier of the
depth-sounder was  designed  to perform the neon lamp control  function and not
to reproduce the echo signal.   Accordingly, the electronics were redesigned
to optimize return  amplification  and  to  permit adjustment of both pulse length
and repetition  rate.   The receiver amplifier was replaced by a new amplifier,
as shown in Figure  16.
                                     24

-------
                                                              u
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 TRANS ISTORS
  COMPONENT  NO.
    (Q NO.i
 HEATH
TYPE NO.
PART NO.
                      BASE DIAGRAM
                    417-175
                                 2N5294
   2, 7 9, 14. 16
    4,10. 11. 13
     1.5,6. 12
                    417-94
                                 2N3U6
                    417-118
                                 2N3393
                    417-201
             X29A829
                                                             CLAT
                    417-258
                                 TIS87
                                             C  E 8
       15
                    417-104
                                 37436
                                                      CASE C
                                                                   O/ CASE C
 DIODES
  COMPONENT NO.
 HEATH
= ART NO.
                                TYPE NO.
                                                     I DENT1FICATION
    1.2,3.5
      4, 5
                    57-65
                                 1NA002
                                            HEATH 3 A R T  \JMBERS ARE STAMPED
                                            o\ MOST DIODES
                     56-56
                                 1\4[49
                     56-608
           1N4739A. 9. IV
              2ENER
                     57-27
                                 1N2071
Reprinted  by Permission of Heath  Company
                Figure  13.   Identification chart.
                                    26

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                                                  POOL * BOTTOM ECHOES ADDED
                                                       BOTTOM ECHO
                                                  POLLUTANT POOL ECHO
                                              0.2 0.4 0.6
                                                        0.8  1.0  1.2 1.4
                                                       rime in Milliseconds
                                                                    1.6 1.3  2.0
  Figure  14.   Sound path diagram
  (superimposed signals  are separ-
  ated  for  clarity).
Figure 15.  Return signal from a
1.4-ms square-wave pulse envelope.
     The system was adjusted to a  pulse  length  of 30  microseconds and a repe-
tition rate of 16 Hz and used to study the  return echoes  from a water-filled
metal container 580 mm in diameter and 880  mm deep.   The  test container was a
standard 189-liter (55-gallon) drum with  the top  removed.   The face of the
transducer was located a nominal 1 cm below the surface of the water.  The
transducer was treated and wiped free of  any surface  bubbles  that can cause
signal attenuation  and masked echo returns.

     Figure 17 is a photograph of  the oscilloscope screen  with the horizontal
sweep set at 0.2 ms per division and the  vertical  amplifier set at 500 mv per
division.  The start of the transmit pulse  was  used to trigger the sweep of
the oscilloscope.  The bottom return echo arrives at  the  transducer 1049-
microseconds after the start of the transmit pulse.   Using the literature
value (4) for the speed of sound in water at 19°C (1483 m/sec), one calculates
a two-way distance of  1555 mm, or  a depth of 778  mm.  This is within 1.6% of
the 765 mm measured with a scale.
     The intensity of the return echo  from  the  surface  of
2.9% of that from the hard bottom of the metal  container.
a dynamic range expansion to study  both return  signals  in
ally, the time separation caused by a  23-mm depth  of  CC14
seconds, which requires time expansion to obtain readable
cilloscope pattern (sound speed in  CC14 = 938 m/sec).   The
                  a  CC14  pool  is  only
                  This necessitates
                  detail.   Addition-
                  is  only 48 micro-
                  changes of the  os-
                  time expansion was
easily obtained by use of the  sweep/time  delay  feature  of  the oscilloscope.
Figure 18 shows the return echo with  the  sweep  speed  increased to 20 micro-
seconds per division and the start of the sweep delayed 952  microseconds.
The dynamic range requirement  is  satisfied by use  of  the two-channel  feature
of the oscilloscope.

     The sensitivity of the second channel  was  set at 50 mv/division, which  is
10 times that of the first channel.   Figure 19  shows  the oscilloscope trace
under these conditions.  Figure 20 shows  the combination of  the two  traces  in
one photograph obtained by parallel feeding of  both channels from the amplifier
                                     27

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                                                 Ol SCOPE VEBT
           Figure 16.   Receiver amplifier.
         Time, 2 microseconds  per division



Figure 17.  Return echo  from  765-mm-deep water column,
                          28

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              Time, 20 ys per division; 952 ys deVay




                 Figure 18.  Expanded echo return.
              Time, 20 ys per division; 952 ys delay



Figure 19.   Expanded return echo with tenfold sensitivity increase.
                                 29

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                   Time, 20 ys per division; 952 us delay

            Figure 20.  Combined echo returns, both high and low
                        sensitivity, clean bottom.
output and use of the alternate sweep feature of the oscilloscope.  The rapid
and offscale images of the number 2 channel disappear because of photographic
emulsion limitations.  This results in an oscilloscope pattern where the lead-
ing portion of the bottom return echo may be studied in detail and still re-
tain the entire bottom echo for study.

     Figure 20 shows the bottom return echo when there is no pollutant pool,
and Figure 21 shows the change caused by addition of a 21-mm-deep pool of
0014.  The advantage of the time and range scale expansion is clearly demon-
strated in these photographs.  The bottom return echo has been delayed 49
microseconds by the CC1, pool.

     Literature values for the speed of sound in water and CC14 at 19°C are
1483 and 938 m/sec, respectively (5).  In the test depicted in Figure 20, the
sound traveled through 765 mm of water to the bottom and returned for a total
path length of 1530 mm and a calculated travel time of 1022 microseconds.  In
the figure, a 21-mm pool of CC14 was interposed, shortening the water travel
to 1488 mm (time = 994 microseconds) and adding travel along a 42-mm path in
CC14 (time = 45 microseconds).  Thus the total time for the sound signal's
round trip should be 1039 microseconds, or 17 microseconds longer than with-
out the pollutant pool.  The validity of this calculation is demonstrated ex-
perimentally by comparing the position of the bottom return echoes in Figures
20 and 21.  The echo is seen to have moved one division, 20 microseconds,
lenghtening the return time, as expected.

     The echo from the surface of the pollutant pool should arrive 28 micro-
seconds before the bottom echo when there is no pollutant, since the travel
                                     30

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                   Time, 20 us per division; 952 us delay
      Figure 21.  Combined echo return, 21-mm-deep CCl^ bottom layer.
time through the water is 994 microseconds, not 1022.   The high sensitivity
(lower trace, Figure 21) supports this expectation.  It has therefore been
shown that all phases of the theory are substantiated, and that a detectable
echo signal may be recovered and resolved from the surface of a 21-mm CC14
pool.  Similar testing has been performed in tanks with sand and mud bottoms.
In all cases, a 1-cm or thicker layer of CCl^ produced a detectable change in
the bottom return echo.

SURROGATE POLLUTANT

     Some effort was directed toward development of a  surrogate pollutant
material.  This material, such as a large sheet of plastic, could then be
mounted on the bottom of a watercourse to simulate a pollutant pool.  The
study was a brief one and was unsuccessful.  The problem of deploying such a
material on the bottom of a watercourse, coupled with  the lack of suitable
material, indicated that the effort could be better directed elsewhere.

FIELD TEST SYSTEM

     The goal of the field test system was to capture  the actual bottom re-
turn echoes from the field for laboratory and computer study.  Oscilloscope
trace photography and digitization of the photographs, as was done  for the
laboratory studies, seemed to be the most cost-effective solution to the prob-
lem.  A 16-mm motion picture camera was modified by placing a light source and
detector straddling the shutter.  As the shutter exposed the film to the lens,
the detector was exposed to the light source and thus  generated a trigger sig-
nal.  Figure 22 shows the depth-sounder electronics as modified to  use this
signal.  Appendix A contains a technical description of the circuitry.  Switch
SI allows either an internal oscillator or the camera  trigger to control the

                                     31

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32

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sounder pulse generation.  The two-sounder-pulse-per-camera-pulse feature is
required to retain the desired dynamic range extension.  It is controlled by
switch S2.

     This system allows the investigator to photograph a continuous stream of
bottom return echoes for later study either subjectively by typical motion
picture projection or objectively by digitization and computer data treatment.
Two techniques for utilization of the ultrasonic system will be presented
later.  The basic one uses subjective evaluation of the oscilloscope trace in
an on-board mode.  The other involves the digital computer evaluation of the
data.

     This system and an earlier single-range system have been used to study
the watercourse bottom return echoes from a variety of sources.  The most
used site was Lake Casitas, a local  fresh-water recreational lake.  There, a
3- x; 5.5-meter pontoon boat was rented and used as a deployment vehicle.   Fig-
ures 23 and 24 show the boat and the equipment in use.  (The lower oscillo-
scope is not part of the system and  was used for generator evaluation.)   Dur-
ing a trip arranged for other purposes, the system was operated on a houseboat
cruise in the San Francisco, California, middle delta region.  Here, bottom
echoes were photographed in tidal brackish water sloughs and watercourses.
Figure 25 shows sections from nautical charts 18662 and 18661 locating the
areas of Meadows Slough and the South Mokelumne River that were studied.
Depths ranged from 1.8 m (6 ft) to 13.7 m (45 ft). .Bottom conditions ranged
from smooth to weedy and submerged-brush-covered.  In all  cases, the bottom
return echoes were similar to those  observed at Lake Casitas.

     Each 100-foot roll of 16-mm Super XX negative motion  picture film was
processed on board the study boat as soon as it was completed.  Thus the in-
strument's function could be immediately verified.  Figure 26 shows the pro-
cessing in an Arkay reel-to-reel film-developing tank.  After washing, the
film was dried between hooks on the  boat, as shown in Figure 27.

     More than 1000 feet of 16-mm film taken during the field studies has been
subjectively evaluated by slow-motion projection.  There were many short tran-
sient areas of film where the leading edge of the echo return was very complex
because of submerged weeds and brush, but in most of the film the precursor
echo of a pollutant pool would have  been visible.  Transient precursor echoes
at various depths were observed and  attributed to fish and gas bubbles.

     In some cases a large echo was  seen to originate at the bottom and rise
through the next several frames.  These observations were  attributed to the
decomposing material on the lake bottom releasing gas in large bubbles.
Echoes from these gas bubbles were seen to separate from the bottom and rise
at 23 cm/sec.  Bubbles of air generated in the laboratory  had a rise rate
range of 25 to 32 cm/sec.  The echo  magnitude reached 15 mv in some cases and
varied between 0.5 mv and 5 mv between movie frames.  The  echo return magni-
tude was quite variable as would be  expected from the random variations  in
bubble surface.  Some lake areas generated large amounts of gas and others
were free of gas.

     In all cases, these transient echoes were easily recognized and would
not have interfered with pool location.

                                     33

-------
                                 Pontoon  boat  used in Lake Casitas study
Hi.dlM
I AS! I lii!
OF THXF
                       Figure  24.   Lake Casitas study instrumentation.

-------

                                                 OVERHEAD POWER CABLE
                                                 AUTHORIZED CLEARANCE 110 FT
 Nautical Chart  18661
                             HOR CL 74 FT   I  i II
                             VERt CL AT H W 3 FT S-f*
                                     LW 18 FT ! '  f l\\ OVERHEAD POWER CABLE
                                                li  SWING BRIDGE   AUTHORIZED CL. 44 FT
Nautical  Chart  18662
                 Figure  25.   Delta  Region study areas.

                     ({^indicates areas  studied)
                                      35

-------
Figure 26.   Developing 16-mm film.
    Figure 27.  Drying film.



                 36

-------
     Eighteen representative frames from the laboratory and field studies are
shown in Figures 28 through 30.

     The experience gained during observation of the oscilloscope during the
field studies indicates that an  observer should be able to detect the occur-
rence of a pollutant pool  in most watercourse areas.  In some weed-covered
areas a computer may make  better decisions because of its large data storage
capabilities.

COMPUTERIZED DATA MANAGEMENT

     The static laboratory testing has indicated that discernible echoes re-
flect from the water-CCl4  interface at the top of a pollutant pool.   The field
testing results indicate that most of the time there are no precursor bottom
echoes that would preclude recognition of pollutant pool echoes.  Thus an
operator could be trained  to continuosuly observe the oscilloscope and sound
an alarm when pools are located.  This operation would be very labor-intensive
since at least two operators would be required to relieve each other.  Addi-
tionally, only a single detector could be observed, which limits the swath
covered by a boat path.  This system is, however, recommended as a cost- and
time-effective method of implementing the technique.

     The search swath could be greatly increased by employing multiple sensors
mounted on a boom.  In this case the labor required to monitor the multiple
signals would become overpowering and attention must be directed to  computer-
ized data management.
Dual-sensitivity 16-mrn photograph
showing uncomplicated bottom re-
turn echo from metal tank bottom
Dual-sensitivity, time-expanded 16-mm
photograph showing both pollutant pool
echo (lower, high-sensitivity trace)
and metal  tank bottom echo (low-
sensitivity, upper trace)
               Figure 28.   Laboratory experiment photographs.
                                     37

-------
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   Distance = 0 cm, time = 0 sec
Distance = 8.6 cm, time = 0.3 sec
Distance - 25.7 cm, time = 1.0 sec
Distance = 34.3 cm, time = 1.3 sec
Distance -17.2 cm, time = 0.7 sec       Distance = 42.9 cm, time = 1.7 sec
Expanded - dual-sensitivity 16-ran photographs taken in transit from a smooth-
hard bottom area to a weedy bottom area.  Time increases to the right in all
photographs; at 20 us/div., 8 ms delay; upper trace =20 mv/div.,  lower
trace = 5 mv/div.

    Figure 30.   Photo series in transit from smooth-hard to weedy  bottom.

                                    39

-------
     One obvious technique would be the digitization of the amplified bottom
return echo and tape- or disk-record it for later processing.  It is assumed
that positional information will be added to the system at a later stage.
This subject has been discussed in some detail  in the Recommendations section.
The very large data base generated by this simplistic approach and the high-
frequency response required to digitize the echo signals limited the value of
tnis technioue.  several other techniques of data processing were similarly
evaluated and discarded.

     One technique seemed to meet the requirements for rapid, on-board data
management.  Proposed computer algorithms for evaluation of bottom return
echoes require echo voltage-time input.  This may be expressed as the ques-
tion:  "When, in the time frame of a single pulse and return, did the return
signal reach certain voltages?"  The following comparator-counter electronics
were designed to extract the required data from the echo return signal.

     A 3302 integrated circuit contains four independent voltage comparator
circuits.  The reference voltages are set by external adjustable voltage
sources.  When the signal input voltage reaches or exceeds the reference volt-
age, the comparator circuitry executes a switching action.  This is shown in
Figure 31 where the interaction between a voltage ramp and a comparator cir-
cuit is diagrammed.  The signal voltage ramp is constant at zero for the first
50 microseconds and then rises monotonically to 10 volts over the next 50
microseconds.  The reference voltage of the comparator was set at 5 volts.
After 73 microseconds the signal voltage reached 5 volts and the comparator
caused a switching action.  If a microsecond timer were started at the start
of the ramp generation and the comparator used to stop the timer, the timer
would read 73 microseconds.  This is the time from the start of the cycle to
the point where the signal voltage reached the comparator reference voltage.

     The same result could be obtained by connecting a counter to a 1-MHz os-
cillator at the start of the cycle and using the comparator to disconnect it
when the reference voltage was reached.  As before, the counter would read 73
counts of the oscillator frequency at 1 MHz, equivalent to 73 microseconds.

     The application of this technique to a synthesized echo return signal is
diagrammed in Figure 32.  The application of four comparator-counter pairs
with reference voltages set at 10, 20, 40, and 100 mv, is shown.   The syn-
thetic echo return signal is patterned after Figure 21 and shows a precursor
pollutant pool echo followed by the strong bottom echo.  The first counter is
stopped at 955 microseconds when the echo return voltage reached the 10-mv
reference voltage of the first comoarator.  The second counter was stopped at
960 microseconds by the second, 20-mv, comparator, etc.  Thus the digital data
available for computer study would be the times 955, 960, 970, and 1015 micro-
seconds and provide the answer to the question, "When, in the time frame of a
single pulse and return, did the return signal  reach 10, 20, 40,  and 100 mv?"

     This comparator-counter technique is proposed for the data management
portion of the pollutant mapping system.  The system consists of a stable,
continuously operating 1-MHz oscillator, a series of counters, and the same
number of voltage comparators.  The start of the transmit pulse zeroes all
counters and connects them to the 1-MHz oscillator.  After an adjustable time


                                     40

-------
in
•*->

o
   (0

   5

   a

   7

   5   .
SH
   3


   2


   I


   23


 - t
COMPARATOR REFERENCE VOLTAGE =  5 VOLTS
SIGNAL REACHES COMPARATOR
SET VOLTAGE
SIGNAL VOLTAGE RAMP
                                                   TIME FOR SIGNAL
                                                   RAMP TO REACH
                                                   5 MV = 73 MICRO-
                                                   SECONDS
                                   Time, Microseconds
                    Figure 31.  Voltage comparator example.
  delay to allow the transmit signal to decay to zero, each counter is turned
  off when the echo signal reaches the reference voltage set in its associated
  voltage comparator.  This system discussion continues based on six such
  counter-comparator pairs.  (The choice of six is for convenience; the actual
  number will be chosen on the basis of field evaluation.)

       The oscilloscope photographs previously discussed as Figures 20 and 21
  were digitized by measuring the positive excursions of the trace referenced
  against time in microseconds.  These digital data appear in Table 4.  Visual
  examination of Figure 21 indicates that the oscillations at 1020 and 1025
  microseconds after the start of the transmission pulse are the first returns
  from the surface of the pollutant pool.  If the operator were to set the six
  comparator levels as shown in Table 5, the microprocessor would have the
                                       41

-------
TABLE 4.  DIGITIZED BOTTOM ECHO DATA,  TANK TEST
Time
975
980
985
990
995
1000
1005
1010
1015
1020
1025
1030
1035
1040
1045
1050
1055
1060
1065
1070
1075
1080
1085
1090
1095
1100
1105
mo
1115
1120
1125
1130
1135
1140
1145
1150
1155
Figure 20, Clean (mv)
1
1
0
0
1
2
2
3
5
5
3
3
3
28
182
432
834
1174
1328
1344
1344
1359
1375
1375
1344
1328
1282
1266
1266
1297
1282
1236
1174
1066
958
788
602
Figure 21, Polluted (mv)
9
11
12
11
11
11
8
8
11
19
28
34
42
45
46
43
40
56
185
216
479
803
1112
1313
1467
1421
1390
1375
1313
1266
1282
1297
1313
1313
1313
1266

                      43

-------
     TABLE 5.  TIME TO REACH SIX  REFERENCE  VOLTAGES
          (digital data from Figures  20  and 21)
Comparator
1
2
3
4
5
6
Voltage (mv)
15
25
50
200
500
1000
Fig. 20; clean
Time (us)
1040
1040
1045
1050
1055
1060
Fig. 21 ; pol luted
Time (us)
1020
1025
1060
1070
1080
1085
>
E
OJ

T3
-t->

O


CD


O)

OJ
M-
O)
1000-


 500..




 200.,



(100)


  50 ..



  25 '

  15 -
                   Figure 20,
                   Clean
Figure 21,
Polluted
    (10)
      1000                    1050                    1100
       Time  in  microseconds  to reach reference voltage


Figure 33.   Comparator-time data from Figures  20  and  21.
                            44

-------
irregularities, rocks, changes in consistency of the bottom, weeds, fish, etc.
could complicate the leading edge of the return signal to a point where de-
tection of the precursor pollutant surface echo may be quite difficult.  The
creation of a controlled spill in field conditions would be very costly, if it
could even be approved.  However, the echo from the pollutant pool should be
the same whether from the laboratory or the field.  Thus if the actual bottom
echoes could be measured in detail in the field, mathematical addition of pol-
lutant echoes can be made and the composite signal used to test the computer
algorithm.

     Selected 16-mm motion picture photographs from the field studies have
been digitized for computer study and algorithm evaluation.  The digitization
was performed by projecting an individual frame on the digitizer platen and
following the positive oscillation envelope with the cursor.  The Fortran pro-
gram and running instructions are in Appendix B.  The digitization of each
motion picture frame results in a file of data relating time to millivolts of
return echo signal.

     The present program provides for recording up to 160 voltage-time pairs
from 200 traces.  These limits may be altered in 15 minutes by recompiling
the program.  The first five voltage-time locations are reserved for the in-
clusion of synthetic pollution pool  echoes.

     The present data processing program will recover a selected data file and
allow the options of complete printout, determination of the time to reach
each of six reference voltages, or alteration of any datum.  The reference
voltages are input by the operator at run time.  After the times to reach the
reference voltages.are located and stored for printing, the program calculates
the water depth determined by the echo return time using 1483 m/sec as the
speed of sound in the water and stores that data.  All trace pairs (photo-
graphs) are treated in turn.  The program then returns to "option" and allows
the entry of six more voltage comparator levels or the stop command.

     Data from the digitization of 45 movie frames, each containing a low and
high sensitivity sweep, appear in Appendix C.
                                     45

-------
      100 mv Reference
                50-•
      40 mv Reference
      20 mv Reference • >
      10 mv•Reference
                                                          1000  1015
    950   960  970
      955
Time in microseconds from transmit pulse
1050
               Figure  32.   Multiple comparator-timer example.
indicated time data  to  evaluate in its search for a pool.

     A semi-log plot of the  data (Table 5) is shown in Figure 33. The  forms  of
these two lines are  quite  different and a microprocessor algorithm  to  differ-
entiate between them should  not be overly complex.  In field use, the  bottom
echo will be significantly weaker due to the poorer reflection from soft  mud
bottom compared with the hard  metal  bottom tank in the laboratory test.   The
pollutant echo would not change and would be a larger fraction of the  total
signal.  This should simplify  the detection of the pollutant layer.  The
ultrasonic frequency of 200  kHz has been used throughout the study  because of
its water penetration and  its  success in depth-sounder use.  A higher  frequen-
cy should be tested  in  an  effort to optimize all parameters for pollutant map-
ping (see the Recommendations  section).
     Actual watercourse  bottom  echoes would be expected
pi ex than laboratory-produced signals.  Such factors as
                        to be much more  corn-
                        slope, depth
                                      42

-------
                                REFERENCES


1.   Lange, N.A., Handbook of Chemistry, 10th Ed.   McGraw-Hill  Co.,  New York,
     1961.  1969 pp.

2.   Saxena, S.K., and T.P. Smirnoff.   Geotechnical  Properties  of Hudson
     River Silts.  In:  Proceedings of the American  Society of  Civil  Engi-
     neers, Vol. 99, No. SM10, 1973.  pp 912-917.

3.   Thibodeaux, L.J., and P.S. Christy.  The Spill  of Sinker Chemicals -
     Laboratory Simulations.  In:  Proceedings of 1980 National  Conference
     on Control of Hazardous Material  Spills, Louisville,  Kentucky,  1980.
     pp. 369-374.

4.   Urick, R.J.  Principles of Underwater Sound,  2nd Ed.   McGraw-Hill  Co.,
     New York, 1975.  384 pp.

5.   Clay, C.S., and H. Medwin.  Acoustical  Oceanography,  Principles  and
     Applications.  John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York,  1977.   544  pp.

6.   Ross, D.   Mechanics of Underwater Noise.  Pergamon Press Inc.,  New York,
     1976.  375 pp.
                                     46

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                               BIBLIOGRAPHY


Albers, V.M.  1961.  Underwater Acoustics.  Plenum Press Inc., New York.
     354 pp.

Davis, M.C.  1979.  Attenuation of Sound in Highly Concentrated Suspensions
     and Emulsions.  J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65(2): 387-390.

Folds, D.L., and C.D. Loggens.  1977-  Transmission and Reflection of Ultra-
     sonic Waves in Layered Media.  J. Acoust.  Soc. Am. 62(5): 1102-1109.

Hawker, K.E., Williams, W.E., and T.L. Foreman.  1979.  A Study of the
     Acoustical  Effects of Sub-Bottom Absorption Profiles.   J. Acoust. Soc.
     Am. 65(2):  360-367.

Herzfeld, K.F.,  and T.A. Litovitz.  1959.  Absorption and Dispersion of
     Ultrasonic  Waves.  Academic Press Inc., New York.  535 pp.

Kent, G.S., and  R.W.H. Wright.  1970.  A Review of Laser Radar Measurements
     of Atmospheric Properties.  J. of Atmos. and Terr. Physics 32:  917-943.

Marks, B.M., and E.E. Mikeska.  1976.  Reflections from Focused Liquid-Filled
     Spherical Reflectors.  J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59(4): 813-817.

Murphy, E.L., Wasiljeff, A., and F.B. Jensen.  1976.  Frequency-Dependent
     Influence of the Sea Bottom on the Near-Surface Sound  Field in  Shallow
     Water.  J.  Acoust. Soc. Am. 59(4): 839-845.

Orr, M.H., and F.R. Hess.  1978.  Acoustic Monitoring of Industrial  Chemical
     Waste Released at Deep Water Dump Site 106.  J. Geophys.  Res. 83(C12):
     6145-6154.

Pilie, R.J., Baier, R.E., Ziegler, R.C., Leonard, R.P., Michalovic,  J.G.,
     Pek, S.L.,  and D.H. Bock.  1975.  Methods  to Treat, Control  and Monitor
     Spilled Hazardous Materials.  EPA-670/2-75-042, U.S. Environmental  Pro-
     tection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.  138 pp.

Thibodeaux, L.J.  1977.  Mechanisms and Idealized Dissolution  Modes  for High
     Density (p  > 1) Immiscible Chemicals Spilled in Flowing Aqueous Environ-
     ments.  A.I.Ch.E.J 23(4): 544-548.
                                     47

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                               APPENDIX A

                         ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULE


     The module is composed of five functional sections:  (see Figure 22)

     1.   Camera shutter position sensor and signal conditioner

     2.   Repetitive pulse generator and rate control

     3.   Pulse shaper and repeat pulse generator

     4.   Transducer oscillator

     5.   Echo amplifier

CAMERA SHUTTER SENSOR

     The Bolex H16 movie camera has been modified with an LED/photo-transistor
sensor (H13A2) with the light path bisected by the rotary shutter disc.   After
uncovering the film gate, the shutter allows an optical coupling in the  sen-
sor, which puts a bias on the base of transistor Ql, which in turn applies a
bias to the base of transistor Q2.  Q2 is driven into saturation, producing a
negative-going squarewave output, with a duration corresponding" to approxi-
mately 60% of the shutter rotation period.

REPETITIVE PULSE GENERATOR

     Integrated circuit  Ul,  section 1, is a free-running oscillator with a
positive-going squarewave output.  The squarewave is approximately 1 ms  wide,
and the repetition rate may be varied from 20 to 300 pulses per second (3 to
50 ms).

PULSE SHAPER

     Integrated circuit Ul, section 2, is a single-shot oscillator with  a
positive-going squarewave output.  The output pulse width may be varied  from
10 to 50 microseconds.  Pulse initiation is selected by switch SI, which con-
nects the input to either the pulse generator or the camera shutter circuit.
The trailing edge of the selected pulse grounds the input capacitor, which
generates a fast, negative-going spike at the input of the 1C, initiating the
output pulse.

     When switch SI is in the camera position, a repeat pulse may be generated
within 5 to 50 milliseconds by closing switch S2.  Integrated circuit U2 is a

                                     48

-------
single-shot oscillator that is triggered by the negative-going edge of the
camera pulse, and outputs a positive-going square wave with an adjustable
width of 5 to 50 milliseconds.  The negative-going edge of the pulse is con-
nected via switch S2 to an input capacitor on the pulse shaper 111-2, trigger-
ing the additional pulse.

TRANSDUCER OSCILLATOR

     Transistor Q3 is biased on by the positive pulse from the pulse shaper,
Ul-2, and oscillates at the frequency determined by the adjustable transformer
T2.  T2 matches the oscillator to the characteristic line impedance of the
transmission line and the piezoelectric transducer.

     The transducer output is a squarewave envelope of ultrasonic oscilla-
tions (approximately 200 kHz), with selectable pulse width and repetition
rate.

ECHO AMPLIFIER

     The amplifier is coupled to the transducer circuit through a capacitive
voltage divider, which incorporates a diode voltage clipper to limit the am-
plitude of the input signals.

     The echo return pulse is amplified by a tuned circuit composed of trans-
istor Q4 and adjustable transformer Tl, then capacitively coupled to trans-
istor Q5 for additional amplification.

     The output of Q5 provides an AC output, for observation on an oscillo-
scope, where the horizontal sweep is synchronized with the transmitted pulse
from the sync output of the pulse shaper Ul-2.

CONSTRUCTION

     The module is enclosed in a metal box to provide electrostatic shielding.
All signal lines are coaxial, shielded capsules.

     The input power lines are polarity protected by a steering diode and are
filtered to eliminate any spurious signals from adjacent electrical  noise
sources.
                                     49

-------
                                APPENDIX B

                             FORTRAN PROGRAMS
     These two programs were developed to extract digital data from a series
of photographs of the oscilloscope screen.  The data processing program,
PR010, allows printout of all data, testing with series of six voltage com-
parator values and alteration of any datum.  Their operation should be easily
understood by a programmer.  Any questions should be referred to the program-
mer, Raymond A. Meyer, of Rockwell.

     The programs were developed to run on a DEC PDP 11-40 with 128,000 words
of memory.  The multiple user operating system, RSX 11M, version 3.2, was in
use.  Programs were compiled with the ANSI Fortran IV version 1.8 compiler.

NON-FORTRAN SUBROUTINE

Tab — CALL TAB (NX, NY. MENU)

     This subroutine interfaces with the Sumagraphics digitizer platen.  When
the stylus is touched to the platen the subroutine returns the x, y coordin-
ates in integer nibs.  There are 39.4 nibs per cm (100 per inch).  The upper
6 cm of the platen are reserved and called "MENU."  This area is usable for
program control.  Thus the Fortran programs expect either two 14 numbers rep-
resenting x-y location, or a number representing MENU.
                                    50

-------
        TSK10.FTN

C    TO DIGITIZE FRAMES OF 2 SENSITIVITY RECORDINGS.
C    PROJECT FRAME WITH TIME INCREASING UP.
C    FULL=LOW SENS,EXP= HIGH.  OUTPUT FILE
C    "TSK XX .DAP" CAN HAVE DATA FOR 49 MOVIE FRAMES.
C    EACH PHOTO GENERATES DATA FOR 2 TRACES THE ODD
C    NUMBERED ARE LOW SENS AND EVEN HIGH.  THE
C    FINAL(200) TRACE 1-IR, RUN NUMBE3;2-NF,TRACES
C    3-INCHES FOR FULL SCALE VOLTS;4-SAME TIME
C    5- MV FULL SCALE LOW SENS; 6-SAME
C    EXPANDED SCALE; 7-MICROSEC FULL SCALE
C    8-START TIME IN MICROSEC.  WITHIN A TRACE
C    ODD UMBERS ARE MV, EVEN MICROSEC.
     BYTE FNAME(20)
     DIMENSION 1(120),NNN(200)
     TYPE 101
101  FORMAT ('$ 12 RUN NUMBER IS1)
     ACCEPT 100, IR
     CALL FILS(FNAME,1TSK',IR,'DAP1)
     CALL ASSIGN (2,FNAME)
     DEFINE FILE2(200,120,U,IV)
     DO 1 N=l,120
     I(N)=0
1    CONTINUE
     TYPE 225
225  FORMAT(   ' TOUCH TOP LEFT AND WAIT1)
     DO 2 NN=1,200
     WRITE (2'NN)I
2    CONTINUE
     CALL CLOSE (2)
     CALL ASSIGN (2,FNAME)
     DEFINE FILE 2(200,120,U,IV)
102  FORMATC  TOUCH ,BL,BR')
     TYPE 102
     CALL TAB (NX1,NY1,MENU)
     IF (MENU) GO TO 900
     CALL TAB (NX2,NY2,MENU)
     IF (MENU) GO TO 900
     CALL TAB (NX3,NY3,MENU)
     IF (MENU) GO TO 900
103  FORMATC $ 15 X RANGE IN MV FULL SCALE= FULL/EXP1)
     TYPE 103
     ACCEPT 100,NXFR
     ACCEPT 100, NXER
104  FORMAT(F10.5)
105  FORMAT('$ 15 30K MAX Y RANGE IN MICRO S FULL SCALE= ')
                                      51

-------
150  TYPE 105
     ACCEPT 100,NYR
108  FORMAT('$ 15  Y START TIME MICROSEC 30K MAX1)
     TYPE 108
     ACCEPT 100, NYST
     NY=NYST+NYR
     IF(NY.GT.30000) GO TO 150
     NXS=(NX3-NX2)
     NYS=(NY1-NY2)
106  FORMAT(' START TRACE TOUCH START POINT OF CENTER LINE ODD=FULL
     TYPE 106
     DO 22 NF=1,200
100  FORMAT(IS)
10   TYPE 100,NF
     DO 11,N=1,120
     I(N)=0
11   CONTINUE
     IF(IN.EQ.2) 60 TO 160
     CALL TAB (NXA,NYA,MENU)
     IF (MENU) GO TO 900
160  DO 20 N=ll,120,2
     CALL TAB (NX3,NY3,MENU)
     IF (MENU) GO TO 21
     I(N)=(NXA-NX3)
     IF(I(N).LT.O)I(N)=NX3-NXA
     I(N+1)=NY3-NYA
     IF (IN.EQ.l) GO TO 20
     IF(N.GT.IOO) GO TO 200
20   CONTINUE
21   WRITE (2'NF)I
     IF(N.6T.119) GO TO 210
     IN=0
22   CONTINUE
210  TYPE 211
     TYPE 211
     TYPE 211
211  FORMAT(  '  OVER LIMIT INTO NEXT TRACE1)
     IN=2
     GO TO 22
900  TYPE 107
107  FORMAT('  IF YOU WANT TO END TYPE 33')
     ACCEPT 100, IN
     IF(IN.EQ.33)GOTO 910
     GO TO 10
200  TYPE 201
     TYPE 201
     TYPE 201
201  FORMAT ( ' WARNING OVER LIMIT IN 10')
     IN=1
     GO TO 20
                                      52

-------
910  I(1)=IR
     I(2)=NF-1
     I(3)=NXS
     I(4)=NYS
     I(5)=NXFR
     I(6)=NXER
     I(7)=NYR
     I(8)=NYST
     WRITE (2'200)1
     END
            PR010.FTN

C    TO PROCESS DATA IN TSK XX.DAP FILES.
     BYTE FNAME (20)
     DIMENSION I(120),D(400),F(120),MA(200),MB(200),MC(200),MD(200),
     2MF(200),ME(200)
     TYPE 4
4    FORMATC $ FILE TO ACCESS IS   ')
     ACCEPT 5,N, FNAME
5    FORMAT(Q,20A1)
     CALL ASSIGN (3,FNAME,N)
     DEFINE FILE 3(200,120,U,IV)
     CALL ASSIGN (2,'LSrTSKlO.DMP')
220  READ (3'200)1
     TYPE 6,1(1),1(2),1(5),1(6),1(7),1(8)
     WRITE(2,6) 1(1),1(2),1(5),1(6),1(7),1(8)
     6=1(8)
     C=I(3)
     DD=I(4)
     SXF=I(5)/C
     SXE=I(6)/C
     SY=I(7)/DD
C    SENSITIVITIES IN ENG UNITS PER NIB.
6    FORMATC  RUN  ',12,'  WITH ', 13, 'TRACES.
     2 MV FULL=',I5,' MV EXP=',I5,' US FS=',I5,' US START=',I5,/)
     TYPE 288,1(3),1(4)
     WRITE(2,288)1(3),1(4)
288  FORMAT(  ' W NIBS ',15,' H NIBS ',15)
     TYPE 299,SXF,SXE,SY
     WRITE(2 299) SXF SXE SY
299  FORMAT('' SENS—FMV/N  ',F10.3,'  EX MV/N  ',F10.3,' US/N ',F10.3)
13   TYPE 7
7    FORMATC$ PRINT=1,TEST=2,STOP=3,ALTER=99   ')
     ACCEPT 8,K
     IF(K.EQ.2) GO TO 100
     IF(K.EQ.3) GO TO 900
     IF(K.EQ.99) GO TO 210
     READ(3'200)I
                                     53

-------
     DO 10 N=1,I(2)
     READ (3'N)I
     WRITE(2,11) N
11   FORMAT('  TRACE NUMBER',14, '        MV,MICROSEC')
     DO 405 M=l,120
     F(M)=0
405  CONTINUE
     DO 400 1=1,120,2
     IF (I(L).EQ.O) GO TO 400
     SXT=SXF
     IF(MOD(N,2).EQ.O)SXT=SXE
     F(L)=(I(L)*SXT)
     F(L+1)=(I(L+1)*SY)+G
400  CONTINUE
12   FORMAT(5(2F7.0,'  '))
     WRITE (2,12) (F(NCT), NCT=1,20)
     DO 987 NXX=21,120,10
     IF( F(NXX).EQ.O) GO TO 10
     WRITE(2,12) (F(NCT), NCT=NXX,NXX+9)
987  CONTINUE
10   CONTINUE
     GO TO 13
100  TYPE 101
101  FORMATC  SET CUT OFF LIMITS A,B,C,D,E,F')
     ACCEPT 8,LA,LB,LC,LD,LE,LF
3    FORMAT(I5)
     WRITE (2,144)
144  FORMAT( /,'  MICROSECONDS TO CUTOFF MILLIVOLTS')
     WRITE (2,143)LA,LB,LC,LD,LE,LF
143  format(6('       ',15))
     READ(3'200)I
     NKF=I(2)
     DO 105 NF=1,NKF,2
     MA(NF)=0
     MB(NF)=0
     MC(NF)=0
     MD(NF)=0
     ME(NF)=0
     MF(NF)=0
     DO 530 N=l,119
     I(N)=0
     D(N)=0
530  CONTINUE
C    READ EXPANDED SCALE TRACE
     J=l
     READ (3'(NF+1))I
     SXT=SXE
     DO 500 N=l,119,2
     IF(I(N).EQ.O) GO TO 500
     D(J)=I(N)*SXT
                                      54

-------
     J=J+1
     D(J)=(I(N+1)*SY)+G
500  CONTINUE
C    ADD FULL SCALE AFTER EXPANDED
     DO 505 N=l,119
     I(N)=0
505  CONTINUE
     READ(3'NF)I
     SXT=SXF
     DO 520 N=l,119,2
     IF(I(N).EQ.O) GO TO 520
     D(J)=I(N)*SXT
     J=J+1
     D(J)=(I(N+1)*SY)+G
     J=J+1
520  CONTINUE
C    SEARCH FOR VOLTAGES EXCEEDING
C    THOSE SET IN COMPARITORS.
     J=J-1
     DO 110 N=1,J,2
     IF(D(N).EQ.LA.OR.D(N).GT.LA) GO TO 120
110  CONTINUE
131  DO 130 N=1,J,2
     IF(D(N).EQ.LB.OR.D(N).6T.LB) GO TO 135
130  CONTINUE
141  DO 140 N=1,J,2
     IF(D(N).EQ.LC.OR.D(N).GT.LC) GO TO 145
140  CONTINUE
151  DO 150 N=1,J,2
     IF(D(N).EQ.LD.OR.D(N).GT.LD) GO TQ 155
150  CONTINUE
160  DO 161 N=1,J,2
     IF(D(N).EQ.LE.OR.D(N).GT.LE)GO TO 162
161  CONTINUE
163  DO 164 N=1,J,2
     IF(D(N).EQ.LF.OR.D(N).GT.LF)GO TO 165
164  CONTINUE
     GO TO 105
120  MA(NF)=D(N+1)
     GO TO 131
135  MB(NF)=D(N+1)
     GO TO 141
145  MC(NF)=D(N+1)
     GO TO 151
155  MD(NF)=D(N+1)
162  ME(NF)=D(N+1)
     GO TO 163
165  MF(NF)=D(N+1)
105  CONTINUE
                                      55

-------
C    WRITE TIMES PHOTO BY PHOTO
     DO 300 NF=1,NKF,2
     A=MA(NF)
     B=MB(NF)
     C=MC(NF)
     DD=MD(NF)
     E=ME(NF)
     FF=MF(NF)
     WRITE (2,201)A,B,C,DD,E,FF
201  FORMAT(6F11.1)
300  CONTINUE
     WRITE (2,305)
305  FORMAT( /,/,'  CM WATER TO CUTOFF MILLIVOLTS')
C    CONVERT TIMES TO CM OF WATER
C    USING 1483 M/S AND WRITE.
     DO 301 NF=1,NKF,2
     A=MA(NF)*.07415
     B=MB(NF)*.07415
     C=MC(NF)*.07415
     DD=MD(NF)*.07415
     E=ME(NF)*.07415
     FF=MF(NF)*.07415
     WRITE (2,201)A,B,C,DD,E,FF
301  CONTINUE
     60 TO 13
210  TYPE 211
     ACCEPT 212,IFC
     ACCEPT 212,INC
211  FORMAT(   ' TRACE/NUMBER CHANGE 0=RETURN')
     IF (IFC.EQ.O) GO TO 220
     READ (3'IFC)I
     TYPE 8,I(INC)
     ACCEPT 8.ICN
212  FORMAT(I5)
     IF(ICN.EQ.O ) GO TO 213
     I(INC)=ICN
     WRITE (3'IFC)I
213  CONTINUE
     GO TO 210
900  CONTINUE
     END
             PR010.CMD FOR TKB USE

PR010/CP=PR010,USH1,UERT,[1,54]AMC/LB,[1,1]FOROTS/LB
/
ASG=SG:1, TI:5
MAXBUF=400
                                      56

-------
        TSK10.CMD FOR TKB USE

TSK10/CP=TSK10,[1,54]AMC/LB,[1,1]FOROTS/LB
/
ASG=S6:1, TI:5
MAXBUF=400
                                     57

-------
                                APPENDIX C

                           SAMPLE DATA PRINTOUT


     These data are from the digitization and processing of a short section
of motion picture film.  The data are included to provide an example of the
signals to be processed by computer algorithms for locating pollutant pools.

     The photographs were taken during a field operation at Lake Casitas, a
local fresh-water lake.  The bottom was soft mud as evidenced by anchor pene-
tration and mud upon the flukes of the anchor when it was raised.  Nominal
water depth was 725 cm (24 ft).  The boat was drifting at a nominal 30 cm per
second (0.7 mile per hour) during the photography at 9 frames per second.
Thus the digitized 45-frame section of the film represents 150 cm travel
across the bottom.  The even-numbered traces are at the low sensitivity,  160
mv  full scale to study the entire echo envelope and the odd-numbered traces
are at 40 mv full scale to study the leading edge of the envelope in detail.
During processing, the two traces are combined into a single data file.  They
are recorded separately to retain a maximum of visibility for possible de-
tailed study.  The data were processed and the times for the return signal
to reach 2, 4, 8, 20, 40, and 80 mv were determined and converted to water
depth to the reflecting surface.  A large portion of the data scatter may be
attributed to the digitization, since each millimeter on the digitizing platen
is equivalent to 1.9 cm of water depth.  The distance between the 8-mv sur-
face and the 20-to 40-mv surface is related to penetration of the multi-layer
soft bottom.

     The comparator voltage values selected for this demonstration of the
program represent only the first step in computer evaluation of the data.
The values generated do provide a basis for continued optimism for the even-
tual success of the development.  It should be re-emphasized that the oscil-
loscope photography is only a study tool and is not expected to be part of
the final system.

     The printout data is interpreted as follows:

     Run 32:  Arbitrary 2-digit number assigned during digitization

     MV EXP:  Millivolts  full  scale for the lower,  high-sensitivity trace

     MV FULL:  Millivolts full  scale for the upper,  low-sensitivity trace
     US FS:   Microseconds full  scale

     US START:   The start of the expanded time sweep

     W NIBS:  Image width in .25 mm nibs


                                    58

-------
     H NIBS:  Image height in .25 mm nibs

     SENS--FMV/N:  MV equivalent to .25 mm on platen (low-sensitivity trace)

     EX MU/N:  MV equivalent to .25 mm on platen (high-sensitivity trace)

     US/N:  Microseconds equivalent to .25 mm on platen

     Trace Numoer:  The odd-numbered traces are the low-sensitivity traces
and the even are the high-sensitivity traces.  Thus, traces 1  and 2 are gen-
erated by digitizing the first photograph, etc.

     Data Table:  The odd-numbered columns are millivolts and  the even are
the associated time in microseconds for each touch of the stylus.  Thus, in
trace 1, the 51st entry, "37," indicates that the signal  reached 37 mv in'
9934 microseconds after the transmit pulse.

     After printout is complete the "test" data follow.  The six columns con-
tain the time in microseconds to reach each of the comparator  reference volt-
ages that were input during the running of PR 010.  Each  line  in the table
represents a separate photograph containing two traces.  An entry of 0.0 in-
dicates that the reference voltage was not reached.

     In the last data table, the times from the preceding table are converted
to water depth in cm.
                                    59

-------
RUN 32 WITH 90TRACES. MV FULL=   160 MV  EXP=    40  US  FS= 5000 US START= 6000
W NIBS
613 H
SENS— FMV/N
TRACE
0.
0.
13.
24.
37.
47.
60.
70.
83.
TRACE
0.
1.
2.
5.
13.
24.
TRACE
0.
2.
7.
25.
42.
56.
66.
TRACE
0.
1.
2.
4.
9.
15.
20.
25.
31.
35.
TRACE
0.
1.
9.
21.
27.
32.
38.
47.
TRACE
NUMBER
0.
9817.
9901.
9914.
9934.
10096.
10103.
10129.
10155.
NUMBER
0.
7060.
9823.
9836.
9882.
9862.
NUMBER
0.
9843.
9934.
9927.
9940.
9960.
9992.
NUMBER
0.
8789.
8822.
9830.
9817.
9849.
9836.
9862.
9836.
9849.
NUMBER
0.
9830.
9869.
9921.
10109.
10174.
10252.
10272.
NUMBER
NIBS
0.261
1
0.
1.
16.
26.
39.
49.
61.
73.
86.
2
0.
1.
3.
6.
15.
27.
3
0.
0.
12.
27.
44.
59.
0.
4
0.
1.
1.
5.
9.
17.
21.
26.
32.
36.
5
0.
1.
11.
23.
28.
33.
38.
48.
6
769
EX MV/N



0.065 U
MV,MICROSEC
0.
9849.
9901.
9914.
9934.
10096.
10103.
10135.
10155.
0
5
17
28
42
52
64
75
86
0.
. 9869.
. 9908,
. 9921.
. 9940.
. 10096.
. 10109.
. 10148.
. 10155.
MV.MICROSEC
0.
7066.
9843.
9836.
9875.
9862.
0
1
3
8
17
28
0.
. 7066.
. 9843.
. 9843.
. 9908.
. 9901.
MV.MICROSEC
0.
9869.
9921.
9934.
9953.
9966.
0.
0
2
15
31
47
62
0
0.
. 9888.
. 9921.
. 9934.
. 9960.
. 9973.
0.
MV.MICROSEC
0.
8783.
9784.
9830.
9830.
9843.
9836.
9869.
9843.
9862.
0
2
1
6
11
18
22
27
33
0
0.
. 8789.
. 9791.
. 9836.
. 9849.
. 9843.
. 9836.
. 9869.
. 9823.
0.
MV,MICROSEC
0.
9836.
9875.
9934.
10096.
10168.
10233.
10272.
0
2
12
25
29
35
40
50
0.
. 9849.
. 9875.
. 9934.
. 10096.
. 10168.
. 10246.
. 10285.
MV,MICROSEC
                                                     6.502

                                                  0.      0.
                                                  7.   9888.
                                                 19.   9908.
                                                 31.   9927.
                                                 43.   9940.
                                                 54.  10096.
                                                 67.  10122.
                                                 78.  10148.
                                                  0.      0.
                                                  0.
                                                  1.
                                                  4.
                                                 10.
                                                 20.
                                                 30.

                                                  0.
                                                  2.
                                                 18.
                                                 36.
                                                 50.
                                                 64.
                                                  0.

                                                  0.
                                                  2.
                                                  2.
                                                  7.
                                                 12.
                                                 19.
                                                 23.
                                                 28.
                                                 34.
                                                  0.
   0.
7086.
9836.
9843.
9901.
9895.

   0.
9914.
9921.
9934.
9966.
9973.
   0.

   0.
8783.
9797.
9836.
9849.
9849.
9856.
9875.
9836.
   0.
                                                  0.      0.
                                                  4.   9856.
                                                 15.   9895.
                                                 26.   9940.
                                                 31.  10096.
                                                 36.  10174.
                                                 43.  10259.
                                                 51.  10291.
           0.     0.
          11.  9901.
          21.  9914.
          34.  9927.
          43. 10090.
          57. 10096.
          68. 10129.
          81. 10148.
           0.     0.
 0.
 1.
 4.
12.
23.
 0.

 0.
 5.
22.
39.
53.
65.
 0.

 0.
 2.
 3.
 8.
14.
20.
24.
29.
34.
 0.
   0.
9804.
9843.
9862.
9882.
   0.

   0.
9927.
9921.
9940.
9966.
9979.
   0.

   0.
8789.
9836.
9830.
9862.
9843.
9856.
9875.
9836.
   0.
           0.     0.
           7.  9869.
          18.  9908.
          27.  9947.
          31. 10142.
          37. 10181.
          45. 10272.
          52. 10291.
                                      60

-------
0.
0.
2.
7.
11.
17.
23.
28.
33.
TRACE
0.
0.
10.
21.
30.
40.
46.
TRACE
0.
1.
2.
8.
13.
15.
19.
25.
33.
TRACE
0.
1.
9.
18.
29.
41.
55.
TRACE
0.
1.
2.
7.
10.
16.
19.
34.
TRACE
0.
1.
14.
23.
31.
35.
0.
6163.
9810.
9849.
9862.
9869.
9862.
9856.
9843.
NUMBER 7
0.
0.
9869.
9908.
9966.
10012.
10129.
NUMBER 8
0.
6117.
9804.
9830.
9843.
9888.
9862.
9856.
9856.
NUMBER 9
0.
9810 ..
9869.
9895.
9901.
9934.
9960.
NUMBER 10
0.
6072.
9804.
9830.
9817.
9830.
9856.
9869.
NUMBER 11
0.
9823.
9823.
9875.
9927.
10057.
0.
1.
2.
8.
12.
18.
23.
29.
34.
0.
6176.
9817.
9856.
9862.
9875.
9862.
9849.
9836.
0.
1.
4.
8.
13.
19.
25.
30.
35.
0.
6202.
9856.
9862.
9869.
9869.
9875.
9849-.
. 9843.
0.
1.
5.
9.
14.
21.
26.
31.
36.
0.
6221.
9849.
9856.
9875.
9862.
9875.
9843.
9843.
0.
1.
6.
10.
15.
22.
27.
32.
0.
0
9804
9849
9856
9875
9862
9869
9843
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
3.
11.
23.
33.
41.
48.
0.
9836.
9875.
9921.
9979.
10031.
10135.
0.
5.
15.
23.
35.
42.
50.
0.
9843.
9888.
9940.
9992.
10135.
10148.
0.
7.
17.
25.
37.
43.
51.
0.
9849.
9888.
9953.
9992.
10129.
10155.
0.
9.
19.
28.
39.
45.
51.
0
9862
9901
9953
10012
10129
10155
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
3.
9.
14.
16.
20.
26.
34.
0.
6130.
9797.
9836.
9849.
9882.
9875.
9843.
9849.
0.
1.
4.
10.
14.
17.
21.
28.
35.
0.
6143.
9804.
9817.
9869.
9888.
9875.
9836.
9849.
0.
1.
5.
11.
14.
17.
22.
30.
0.
0.
6143.
9817.
9817.
9882.
9895.
9862.
9843.
0.
0.
1.
6.
12.
15.
18.
23.
32.
0.
0
9778
9823
9836
9895
9882
9869
9856
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
3.
11.
21.
32.
43.
0.
0.
9817.
9875.
9888.
9908.
9940.
0.
0.
5.
12.
22.
34.
47.
0.
0.
9830.
9895.
9888.
9914.
9947.
0.
0.
7.
14.
23.
36.
52.
0.
0.
9830.
9895.
9888.
9921.
9934.
0.
0.
9.
16.
27.
39.
54.
0.
0
9843
9895
9895
9934
9953
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
3.
8.
12.
17.
21.
34.
0.
6091.
9804.
9823.
9817.
9830.
9843.
9882.
0.
1.
5.
8.
14.
17.
25.
0.
0.
6104.
9804.
9823.
9830.
9843.
9856.
0.
0.
1.
6.
9.
14.
18.
27.
0.
0.
9778.
9823.
9823.
9830.
9849.
9856.
0.
0.
1.
7.
10.
15.
18.
32.
0.
0
9804
9830
9823
9830
9869
9862
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
5.
17.
23.
31.
37.
0.
9836.
9823.
9888.
9940.
10064.
0.
7.
19.
25.
31.
40.
0.
9823.
9817.
9908.
10070.
10083.
0.
10.
21.
27.
32.
42.
0.
9823.
9836.
9908.
10064.
10077.
0.
12.
22.
30.
33.
43.
0
9823
9843
9914
10057
10083

-------
43
46
TRACE
0
0
1
4
8
14
17
22
28
34
TRACE
0
1
9
21
26
33
43
TRACE
0
1
7
11
19
22
29
TRACE
0
1
2
8
9
17
26
34
42
56
TRACE
0
2
7
12
15
20
27
33
TRACE
0
. 10096.
. 10213.
NUMBER 12
0.
. 6020.
. 9804.
. 9823.
. 9836.
. 9836.
. 9888.
. 9875.
. 9869.
. 9882 .
NUMBER 13
0.
. 9830.
. 9843.
. 9856.
. 9901.
. 9934.
. 9947 .
NUMBER 14
0.
. 9752.
. 9797.
. 9849.
. 9843.
. 9895.
. 9882 .
NUMBER 15
0.
. 8081 .
. 9771.
. 9804.
. 9901.
. 9914.
. 9927.
. 9947 .
. 10064.
. 10103.
NUMBER 16
0.
. 9778.
. 9758.
. 9752.
. 9765.
. 9843.
. 9843.
. 9817.
NUMBER 17
0.
43.
47.
10122.
10207.
43.
48.
10155.
10200.
43.
49.
10194.
10200.
44.
50.
10194
10207
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
1.
5.
9.
15.
18.
23.
29.
34.
0.
6026.
9817.
9830.
9843.
9836.
9895.
9875.
9869.
9888.
0.
1.
1.
5.
10.
16.
19.
25.
31.
35.
0.
6039.
9836.
9836.
9843 .
9836.
9895.
9875.
9869.
9888.
0.
1.
2.
6.
12.
16.
20.
26.
32.
35.
0.
6046.
9823.
9836.
9843.
9849.
9882.
9869.
9869.
9882.
0.
1.
3.
7.
13.
17.
21.
27.
32.
0.
0
6059
9817
9830
9836
9869
9875
9869
9875
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
2.
12.
23.
27.
35.
44.
0.
9830.
9856.
9862.
9914.
9934.
9953.
0.
4.
13.
25.
28.
37.
44.
0.
9830.
9856.
9862.
9927.
9940.
9953.
0.
6.
16.
26.
30.
39.
0.
0.
9836.
9862.
9869.
9934.
9940.
0.
0.
8.
19.
26.
31.
42.
0.
0
9843
9856
9888
9940
9947
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
3.
8.
13.
19.
23.
29.
0.
9771.
9810.
9843.
9856.
9888.
9888.
0.
5.
8.
14.
19.
25.
0.
0.
9778.
9836.
9849.
9875.
9888.
0.
0.
6.
9.
16.
20.
26.
0.
0.
9784.
9849.
9836.
9895.
9895.
0.
0.
7.
10.
17.
21.
27.
0.
0
9791
9849
9836
9901
9888
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
1.
3.
9.
10.
19.
27.
35.
45.
59.
0.
8081.
9765.
9817.
9908.
9914.
9934.
9953.
10070.
10103.
0.
2.
4.
9.
12.
20.
30.
35.
48.
61.
0.
8087.
9784.
9843.
9914.
9921.
9934.
9953.
10083.
10103.
0.
2.
6.
9.
14.
22.
32.
36.
50.
63.
0.
8107.
9791.
9862.
9914.
9934.
9940.
9973.
10083.
10109.
0.
1.
7.
9.
15.
24.
33.
36.
54.
64.
0
9765
9797
9862
9914
9934
9947
10064
10090
10116
MV,MICROSEC
0.
3.
8.
13.
15.
22.
28.
34.
0.
9771.
9758.
9752.
9843.
9849.
9843.
9810.
0.
4.
9.
14.
16.
23.
29.
35.
0.
9765.
9765.
9745.
9843.
9843.
9843.
9804.
0.
5.
10.
15.
17.
24.
31.
36.
0.
9771.
9758.
9745.
9843.
9830.
9849.
9804.
0.
6.
11.
15.
19.
25.
32.
0.
0
9771
9752,
9752
9836
9830,
9836,
0,
MV.MICROSEC
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
62

-------
2.
7.
15.
27.
42.
50.
56.
64.
TRACE
0.
2.
7.
13.
18.
22.
26.
29.
34.
TRACE
0.
4.
8.
14.
24.
34.
44.
63.
79.
TRACE
0.
2.
8.
16.
21.
24.
29.
TRACE
0.
4.
13.
27.
40.
52.
61.
TRACE
0.
2.
8.
13.
17.
21.
9791.
9817.
9849.
9838.
9934.
9953.
9973.
10142.
NUMBER 18
0.
9726.
9734.
9830.
9778.
9778.
9758.
9765.
9778.
NUMBER 19
0.
9784.
9817.
9862.
9908.
9953.
10031.
10109.
10155.
NUMBER 20
0.
9739.
9706.
9732.
9719.
9778.
9732.
NUMBER 21
0.
9758.
9810.
9817.
9830.
10142.
10174.
NUMBER 22
0.
9719.
9739.
9719.
9693.
9661.
1.
9.
20.
28.
43.
52.
56.
68.
9797.
9810.
9862.
9908.
9940.
9960 .
9979.
10148.
3.
10.
23.
33.
46.
53.
57.
69.
9810.
9817.
9869.
9927.
9940.
9960.
10129.
10163.
5.
11.
26.
36.
47.
54.
59.
0.
9817.
9823.
9875.
9914.
9940.
9966.
10129.
0.
7.
12.
27.
40.
50.
54.
63.
0.
9817
9836
9882
9934
9953
9966
10129
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
2.
8.
15.
19.
23.
26.
29.
35.
0.
9732.
9784.
9817.
9791.
9755.
9778.
9765.
9778.
0.
3.
9.
16.
19.
24.
26.
31.
36.
0.
9752.
9773.
9804.
9855.
9765.
9797.
9778.
9797.
0.
4.
11.
17.
20.
24.
27.
32.
0.
0.
9771.
9765.
9791.
9752.
9758.
9791.
9771.
0.
0.
6.
12.
18.
20.
25.
27.
33.
0.
0
9778
9771
9784
9778
9758
9784
9778
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
2.
10.
15.
26.
37.
45.
66.
81.
0.
9778.
9810.
9888.
9921.
9960.
10044.
10116.
10168.
0.
1.
12.
16.
29.
39.
48.
69.
82.
0.
9778.
9817.
9901.
9927.
9953.
10051.
10122.
10174.
0.
3.
13.
19.
31.
42.
56.
73.
0.
0.
9791.
9817.
9901.
9940.
9966.
10083.
10129.
0.
0.
6.
14.
21.
32.
44.
60.
76.
0.
0
9804
9830
9901
9947
9979
10103
10135
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
4.
9.
17.
22.
24.
30.
0.
9726.
9706.
9732.
9706.
9758.
9745.
0.
5.
10.
18.
23.
26.
30.
0.
9726.
9713.
9732.
9706.
9758.
9752.
0.
6.
12.
19.
23.
27.
31.
0.
9713.
9719.
9732.
9706.
9752.
9752.
0.
7.
14.
20.
23.
28.
0.
0
9706
9706
9719
9713
9745
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
2.
16.
30.
42.
54.
64.
0.
9752.
9804.
9830.
9849.
10148.
10168.
0.
4.
19.
33.
42.
56.
65.
0.
9773.
9810.
9835 .
1014?.
10155.
10174.
0.
7.
21.
ic
46.
58.
0.
0.
9791.
9817.
GQ^Q
10116 !
10168.
0.
0.
10.
22.
38.
49.
60.
0.
0
9810
9817
9836
10142
10168
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
5.
9.
14.
18.
23.
0.
9765.
9732.
9713.
9687.
9648.
0.
6.
10.
15.
18.
24.
0.
9765.
9732.
9713.
9674.
9641.
0.
7.
11.
15.
19.
25.
0.
9758.
9732.
9706.
9674.
9641.
0.
7.
12.
16.
20.
26.
0
9745,
9719,
9713,
9667,
9641,
63

-------
26.
29.
32.
35.
TRACE
0.
4.
5.
10.
16.
25.
27.
TRACE
0.
2.
7.
12.
16.
19.
20.
24.
27.
29.
TRACE
0.
5.
2.
5.
7.
16.
25.
33.
42.
48.
TRACE
0.
2.
2.
7.
10.
11.
14.
18.
20.
26.
TRACE
0.
0.
3.
3.
10.
9641.
9635.
9635.
9628.
NUMBER 23
0.
9765.
9784.
9875.
9888.
9921.
9947.
NUMBER 24
0.
9732.
9745.
9739.
9719.
9693.
9706.
9765.
9765.
9771.
NUMBER 25
0.
9804.
9823.
9895.
9999.
10005.
10018.
10031.
10057.
10070.
NUMBER 26
0.
7996.
9771.
9771.
9771.
9823.
9830.
9810.
9804.
9856.
NUMBER 27
0.
0.
9784.
9836.
9849.
27.
30.
33.
35.
9641.
9641.
9641.
9622.
28.
30.
33.
36.
9635.
9641.
9635.
9628.
28.
31.
34.
0.
9635.
9641.
9628.
0.
29.
31.
34.
0.
9635
9641
9628
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
3.
7.
10.
17.
26.
0.
0.
9765.
9804.
9895.
9895.
9921.
0.
0.
1.
8.
11.
21.
26.
0.
0.
9765.
9804.
9888.
9914.
9927.
0.
0.
1.
9.
12.
22.
27.
0.
0.
9765.
9810.
9895.
9914.
9934.
0.
0.
2.
10.
13.
23.
27.
0.
0
9771
9849
9895
9914
9940
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
4.
8.
12.
17.
19.
21.
25.
27.
30.
0.
9758.
9739.
9726.
9706.
9700.
9765.
9752.
9771.
9823.
0.
5.
9.
13.
17.
20.
22.
26.
28.
0.
0.
9765.
9732.
9713.
9693.
9700.
9784.
9745.
9778.
0.
0.
5.
10.
14.
18.
20.
23.
26.
28.
0.
0.
9752.
9732.
9726.
9693.
9700.
9765.
9745.
9778.
0.
0.
6.
11.
15.
19.
20.
23.
27.
29.
0.
0
9745
9739
9726
9693
9700
9765
9752
9778
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
3.
3.
6.
10.
18.
26.
34.
43.
50.
0.
9797.
9830.
9895.
10005.
10018.
10025.
10038.
10057.
10070.
0.
1.
3.
7.
11.
19.
28.
36.
45.
51.
0.
9810.
9875.
9901.
10005.
10018.
10025.
10044.
10057.
10083.
0.
0.
3.
7.
13.
21.
29.
38.
46.
51.
0.
9817.
9888.
9999.
9999.
10025.
10031.
10044.
10057.
10077.
0.
1.
4.
7.
15.
23.
31.
40.
48.
52.
0
9823
9882
9999,
9999,
10012,
10038,
10057
10057,
10077
MV.MICROSEC
0.
2.
3.
8.
10.
12.
15.
19.
21.
26.
0.
7996.
9771.
9778.
9778.
9823.
9817.
9810.
9804.
9849.
0.
2.
4.
8.
11.
13.
16.
19.
22.
27.
0.
7996.
9771.
9765.
97S4.
9823.
981 7 .
9810.
9797.
9849.
0.
2.
5.
9.
11.
13.
16.
20.
23.
27.
0.
8016.
9758.
9765.
9791.
9823.
9817.
9804.
9804.
9843.
0.
2.
6.
9.
11.
13.
17.
20.
25.
31.
0
9758,
9771
9771
9817
9823,
9810,
9804,
9836.
9843,
MV.MICROSEC
0.
4.
2.
6.
11.
0.
9765.
9791.
9843.
9856.
0.
3.
2.
7.
11.
0.
9771.
9797.
9856.
9856.
0.
3.
1.
8.
12.
0.
9784.
9823.
9849.
9862.
0.
3.
1.
8.
13.
0,
9791,
9823,
9849,
9901,
64

-------
13.
23.
32.
39.
43.
46.
TRACE
0.
2.
7.
10.
15.
19.
24.
28.
31.
TRACE
0.
4.
4.
11.
19.
24.
31.
38.
45.
49.
TRACE
0.
1.
3.
4.
8.
13.
18.
22.
26.
28.
31.
TRACE
0.
2.
7.
20.
32.
43.
52.
60.
TRACE
0.
1.
9908.
9927.
9960.
9979.
9992.
10161.
NUMBER 28
0.
9732.
9752.
9745.
9745.
9745.
9713.
9706.
9700.
NUMBER 29
0.
9791.
9849.
9875.
9888.
9947.
10038.
10038.
10064.
10064.
NUMBER 30
0.
7847.
7853.
9745.
9745.
9745 .
9726.
9745.
9719.
9732.
9700.
NUMBER 31
0.
8549.
9771.
9797.
9823.
9843.
9856.
9875.
NUMBER 32
0.
8159.
15.
24.
34.
40.
45.
48.
9914.
9940.
9973.
9986.
10005.
10168.
16.
28.
35.
41.
45.
0.
9921.
9960.
9979.
9992.
9999.
0.
18.
28.
36.
42.
46.
0.
9927.
9953.
9973.
9992.
9999.
0.
22.
30.
37.
43.
46.
0.
9927
9960
9979
9992
10005
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
3.
8.
12.
16.
20.
24.
28.
32.
0.
9752.
9752.
9745.
9758.
9739.
9713.
9700.
9700.
0.
4.
8.
13.
17.
22.
26.
29.
32.
0%
9758.
9752.
9739.
9752.
9732.
9713.
9700.
9700.
0.
5.
9.
13.
18.
22.
26.
30.
33.
0.
9752.
9752.
9745.
9745.
9719.
9706.
9700.
9706.
0.
6.
10.
14.
18.
23.
27.
30.
33.
0
9758
9745
9739
9745
9713
9706
9700
9706
MV,MICROSEC
0.
2.
5..
13.
19.
25.
32.
39.
46.
50.
0.
9797.
9856.
9875.
9921.
9953.
10031.
10038.
10057.
10070.
0.
1.
7.
15.
20.
25.
34.
41.
47.
0.
0.
9804.
9856.
9875.
9934.
9966.
10038.
10057.
10057.
0.
0.
1.
8.
16.
21.
25.
35.
42.
48.
0.
0.
9823.
9862.
9869.
9940.
10018.
10038.
10051.
10064.
0.
0.
2.
10.
18.
22.
30.
37.
44.
49.
0.
0
9830
9869
9875
9940
10044
10051
10064
10064
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
2.
2.
5.
9.
14.
19.
23.
25.
29.
0.
0.
7847.
9726.
9752.
9752.
9745.
9732.
9726.
9732.
9726.
0.
0.
2.
3.
6.
10.
14.
19.
24.
26.
29.
0.
0.
7840.
9726.
9752.
9752.
9739.
9732.
9726.
9719.
9713.
0.
0.
2.
3.
6.
11.
15.
20.
24.
27.
30.
0.
0.
7840.
9726.
9745.
9745.
9739.
9739.
9719.
9719.
9706.
0.
0.
3.
4.
7.
12.
16.
21.
25.
27.
30.
0.
0
7840
9739
9739
9752
9739
9739
9719
9732
9700
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
1.
10.
24.
35.
44.
54.
62.
0.
8568.
9791.
9804.
9830.
9849.
9856.
9875.
0.
3.
13.
26.
37.
46.
56.
63.
0.
9771.
9791.
9804.
9830.
9849.
9862.
9888.
0.
1.
15.
28.
38.
49.
58.
63.
0.
9784.
9797.
9810.
9830.
9862.
9875.
9888.
0.
3.
17.
30.
41.
50.
59.
64.
0
9771
9791
9823
9843
9862
9875
9895
MV,MICROSEC
0.
2.
0.
8152.
0.
2.
0.
8152.
0.
2.
0.
8159.
0.
3.
0
8152
65

-------
3.
3.
8.
13.
18.
23.
27.
TRACE
0.
3.
6.
13.
21.
27.
37.
45.
51.
TRACE
0.
1.
7.
15.
20.
23.
26.
31.
TRACE
0.
1.
6.
12.
18.
22.
27.
32.
42.
48.
55.
TRACE
0.
1.
4.
8.
13.
19.
27.
31.
35.
TRACE
0.
4.
8165.
9745.
9739.
9739.
9732.
9706.
9713.
NUMBER 33
0.
9732.
9778.
9862.
9882.
10051.
10064.
10083.
10090.
NUMBER 34
0.
7177.
9778.
9784.
9778.
9797.
9960.
9908.
NUMBER 35
0.
9752.
9791.
9849.
9875.
9992.
10005.
10109.
10109.
10116.
10207.
NUMBER 36
0.
6936.
9732.
9758.
9745.
9719.
9693.
9680.
9875.
NUMBER 37
0.
9687.
3.
4.
9.
14.
19.
24.
28.
8178.
9752.
9739.
9745.
9732.
9713.
9700.
2.
5.
10.
15.
20.
25.
29.
8172.
9732.
9726.
9758.
9732.
9713.
9700.
2.
6.
11.
16.
21.
25.
30.
8178.
9745.
9719.
9752.
9726.
9713.
9700.
2.
7.
12.
17.
22.
27.
32.
9739
9745
9726
9739
9713
9713
9719
MV.MICROSEC
0.
2.
7.
15.
22.
29.
39.
46.
52.
0.
9752.
9778.
9862.
9882.
10051.
10070.
10083 .
10103.
0.
0.
8.
16.
23.
32.
40.
48.
52.
0.
9758.
9784.
9869.
9882.
10051.
10064.
10090.
10109.
0.
2.
9.
18.
23.
35.
41.
50.
0.
0.
9765.
9823.
9862.
10031.
10070.
10077.
10090.
0.
0.
4.
10.
20.
25.
36.
43.
51.
0.
0
9771
9856
9869
10033
10064
10083
10083
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
2.
8.
16.
21.
24.
27.
31.
0.
9726.
9778.
9784.
9778.
9804.
9953.
9914.
0.
3.
12.
17.
22.
24.
28.
32.
0.
9739.
9791.
9791.
9778.
9823.
9940.
9927.
0.
5.
13.
18.
22.
25.
29.
0.
0.
9739.
9784.
9784.
9771.
9836.
9934.
0.
0.
6.
14.
19.
23.
26.
30.
0.
0
9753
9791
9784
9784
9843
9921
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
0.
6.
13.
19.
23.
29.
35.
43.
49.
0.
0.
9758.
9797.
9862.
9862.
9992.
9999.
10103.
10109.
10109.
0.
0.
1.
7.
14.
19.
24.
29.
37.
44.
50.
0.
0.
9765.
9823.
9856.
9882.
9999.
9999.
10116.
10109.
10116.
0.
0.
3.
8.
16.
20.
25.
30.
39.
45.
51.
0.
0.
9778.
9849.
9862.
9992.
10005.
10012.
10116.
10109.
10207.
0.
0.
5.
10.
17.
21.
26.
31.
40.
47.
53.
0.
0.
9784
9849
9869,
9986,
10005
10109,
10103,
10116,
10207,
0,
MV,MICROSEC
0.
2.
5.
9.
14.
21.
28.
32.
36.
0.
9693.
9739.
9758.
9745.
9713.
9700.
9687.
9882.
0.
3.
6.
10.
15.
22.
29.
32.
0.
0.
9687.
9752.
9752.
9732.
9713.
9700.
9856.
0.
0.
3.
7.
11.
17.
24.
30.
33.
0.
0.
9700.
9753.
9752.
9713.
9705.
9693.
9849.
0.
0.
4.
8.
12.
18.
25.
31.
34.
0.
0,
9732
9758
9752
9713,
9700
9687
9862,
0,
MV,MICROSEC
0.
3.
0.
9706.
0.
1.
0.
9752.
0.
1.
0.
9752.
0.
3.
0.
9758,
66

-------
4.
15.
24.
30.
38.
44.
TRACE
0.
1.
3.
6.
10.
14.
18.
20.
23.
25.
29.
TRACE
0.
2.
8.
11.
19.
24.
28.
34.
TRACE
0.
1.
2.
5.
9.
12.
15.
20.
24.
29.
TRACE
0.
3.
9.
16.
24.
32.
39.
TRACE
0.
0.
2.
7.
9745.
9778.
9804.
9934.
9953.
9966.
NUMBER 38
0.
9706.
9791.
9791.
9797.
9817.
9810.
9908.
9921.
9960.
9960.
NUMBER 39
0.
9713.
9797.
9882.
9901.
9927.
9979.
10005.
NUMBER 40
0.
7008.
9745.
9804.
9817.
9823.
9817.
9823.
9960.
9966.
NUMBER 41
0.
9732.
9765.
9804.
9817.
9843.
9856.
NUMBER 42
0.
6930.
9719.
9765.
7.
16.
26.
31.
40.
44.
9752.
9784.
9810.
9934.
9947.
9979.
9.
19.
27.
34.
41.
0.
9771.
9784.
9810.
9934.
9947.
0.
11.
21.
28.
35.
42.
0.
9778.
9784.
9810.
9934.
9953.
0.
13.
23.
30.
37.
43.
0.
9771
9797
9817
9940
9960
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
3.
7.
11.
15.
19.
21.
24.
26.
0.
0.
9726.
9797.
9791.
9797.
9810.
9810.
9908.
9921.
9953.
0.
0.
1.
4.
8.
12.
16.
19.
21.
24.
27.
0.
0.
9732~.
9797.
9778.
9804.
9804.
9810.
9914.
9927.
9953.
0.
0.
1.
5.
9.
13.
17.
19.
22.
24.
27.
0.
0.
9752.
9810.
9791.
9810.
9804.
9843.
9914.
9947.
9953.
0.
0.
2.
6.
9.
14.
18.
19.
23.
25.
28.
0.
0
9771
9797
9791
9810
9797
9901
9927
9973
9953
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
3.
9.
13.
20.
24.
29.
34.
0.
9752.
9810.
9888.
9901.
9934.
9979.
10005.
0.
5.
10.
14.
21.
25.
30.
35.
0.
9765.
9817.
9888.
9901.
9953.
9986.
10025.
0.
5.
10.
16.
22.
26.
31.
36.
0.
9778.
9817.
9895.
9908.
9979.
9992.
10038.
0.
7.
11.
17.
23.
27.
32.
36.
0
9784
9830
9895
9914
9979
9999
10038
MV.MICROSEC
0.
1.
3.
6.
10.
13.
15.
20.
25.
29.
0.
9062.
9758.
9804.
9823.
9830.
9817.
9823.
9973.
9979.
0.
0.
3.
7.
11.
13.
16.
20.
26.
31.
0.
9680.
9765.
9804.
9830.
9830.
9804.
9940.
9973.
9999.
0.
1.
4.
8.
11.
14.
18.
21.
27.
31.
0.
9706.
9791.
9810.
9823.
9817.
9804.
9973.
9960.
9999.
0.
2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
19.
22.
28.
0.
0
9732
9797
9817
9830
9810
9804
9979
9966
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
3.
10.
17.
26.
34.
40.
0.
9739.
9765.
9804.
9817.
9849.
9856.
0.
5.
10.
21.
28.
36.
41.
0.
9745.
9778.
9804.
9823.
9849.
9862.
0.
6.
11.
22.
29.
37.
42.
0.
9752.
9797.
9810.
9823.
9856.
9869.
0.
8.
13.
22.
30.
38.
43.
0
9758
9810
9817
9830
9856
9888
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
3.
8.
0.
6943.
9726.
9771.
0.
1.
4.
8.
0.
6988.
9739.
9778.
0.
0.
5.
9.
0.
9706.
9758.
9778.
0.
1.
6.
10.
0
9719
9765
9771
67

-------
11.
16.
20.
25.
28.
33.
TRACE
0.
2.
9.
17.
29.
38.
45.
47.
TRACE
0.
1.
3.
9.
14.
17.
22.
26.
30.
TRACE
0.
3.
15.
22.
31.
40.
51.
59.
72.
TRACE
0.
1.
1.
7.
12.
15.
19.
25.
31.
TRACE
0.
2.
12.
22.
34.
9778.
9765.
9804.
9804.
9804.
9823.
NUMBER 43
0.
9706.
9778.
9823.
9843.
9849.
9856.
10122.
NUMBER 44
0.
6910.
9739.
9758.
9752.
9804.
9817.
9830.
9849.
NUMBER 45
0.
9700.
9739.
9836.
9869.
9999.
9992.
10051.
10070.
NUMBER 46
0.
6852.
9687.
9719.
9758.
9752.
9784.
9784.
9778.
NUMBER 47
0.
9641.
9706.
9719.
9732.
13.
17.
20.
25.
29.
34.
9758.
9771.
9804.
9804.
9804.
9830.
14.
17.
22.
26.
30.
0.
9752.
9771.
9797.
9804.
9804.
0.
14.
18.
23.
26.
31.
0.
9752.
9778.
9791.
9804.
9810.
0.
15.
19.
24.
27.
32.
0.
9758
9797
9797
9804
9810
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
2.
11.
21.
30.
39.
45.
0.
0.
9732.
9778.
9830.
9843.
9843.
9862.
0.
0.
3.
14.
24.
33.
41.
45.
0.
0.
9752.
9784.
9830.
9843.
9849.
10077.
0.
0.
5.
16.
25.
34.
43.
46.
0.
0.
9765.
9797.
9843.
9843.
9849.
10090.
0.
0.
7.
17.
27.
37.
44.
48.
0.
0
9771
9804
9849
9849
9843
10090
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
1.
4.
10.
14.
17.
23.
27.
30.
0.
8783.
9752.
9758.
9765.
9817.
9810.
9836.
9843.
0.
1.
5.
11.
14.
18.
24.
28.
0.
0.
9674.
9771.
9758.
9771.
9830.
9817.
9843.
0.
0.
1.
7.
12.
15.
19.
24.
29.
0.
0.
9700.
9778.
9758.
9817.
9830.
9830.
9849.
0.
0.
2.
8.
13.
16.
20.
25.
29.
0.
0
9713
9765
9752
9797
9823
9830
9849
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
5.
17.
23.
33.
42.
53.
61.
74.
0.
9713.
9752.
9849.
9882.
9999.
9999.
10051.
10077.
0.
8.
18.
27.
35.
44.
54.
63.
74.
0.
9719.
9758.
9862.
9882.
9992.
10018.
10044.
10083.
0.
11.
19.
28.
36.
46.
54.
68.
0.
0.
9726.
9797.
9856.
9882.
9999.
10057.
10064.
0.
0.
13.
20.
29.
36.
49.
56.
70.
0.
0
9732
9830
9862
9882
9999
10044
10064
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
1.
2.
8.
13.
16.
20.
26.
33.
0.
8399.
9700.
9732.
9758.
9745.
9784.
9797.
9791.
0.
1.
3.
9.
13.
17.
22.
27.
0.
0.
9622.
9700.
9739.
9758.
9752.
9784.
9810.
0.
0.
1.
4.
10.
14.
17.
23.
29.
0.
0.
9648.
9719.
9745.
9752.
9758.
9784.
9804.
0.
0.
1.
7.
11.
14.
18.
24.
30.
0.
0
9667
9719
9745
9758
9791
9778
9784
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
4.
15.
24.
35.
0.
9687.
9719.
9719.
9739.
0.
4.
17.
30.
35.
0.
9680.
9719.
9719.
9739.
0.
6.
18.
31.
36.
0.
9719.
9706.
9732.
9771.
0.
9.
20.
33.
38.
0
9713
9706
9726
9778
68

-------
41.
50.
TRACE
0.
0.
5.
10.
15.
20.
24.
26.
29.
33.
TRACE
0.
3.
16.
27.
32.
39.
44.
66.
78.
TRACE
0.
1.
8.
13.
20.
26.
31.
TRACE
0.
3.
15.
27.
50.
67.
TRACE
0.
1.
5.
11.
17.
23.
28.
32.
TRACE
0.
3.
13.
9771.
9765.
NUMBER 48
0.
9583.
9706.
9713.
9719.
9713.
9719.
9745.
9843.
9843.
NUMBER 49
0.
9654.
9713.
9726.
9732.
9771.
10005.
10031.
10031.
NUMBER 50
0.
9641.
9700.
9713.
9713.
9706.
9739.
NUMBER 51
0.
9687.
9791.
9999.
10038.
10051.
NUMBER 52
0.
6741.
9706.
9726.
9745.
9732.
9771.
9771.
NUMBER 53
0.
9726.
9765.
43.
51.
9778.
9771.
45.
53.
9771.
9791.
47.
54.
9771.
9797.
49.
0.
9771
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
6.
11.
16.
21.
25.
26.
30.
33.
0.
9635.
9700.
9713.
9713.
9719.
9713.
9862.
9836.
9843.
0.
1.
7.
12.
17.
22.
26.
27.
30.
33.
0.
9667.
9700.
9713.
9719.
9713".
9706.
9856.
9843.
9849.
0.
3.
8.
13.
18.
22.
26.
28.
31.
0.
0.
9674.
9706.
9713.
9726.
9713.
9713.
9856.
9849.
0.
0.
4.
9.
14.
19.
23.
26.
28.
32.
0.
0
9706
9713
9713
9719
9713
9719
9843
9849
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
4.
19.
28.
32.
39.
48.
67.
81.
0.
9693.
9719.
9719.
9765.
9778.
10005.
10018.
10044.
0.
6.
21.
29.
34.
42.
51.
70.
0.
0.
9693.
9719.
9719.
9771.
9778.
9999.
10025.
0.
0.
10.
23.
30.
36.
42.
54.
73.
0.
0.
9693.
9726.
9726.
9778.
9778.
10012.
10025.
0.
0.
13.
25.
31.
37.
43.
57.
75.
0.
0
9706
9713
9726
9778
9791
10018
10031
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
2.
8.
14.
21.
26.
31.
0.
9648.
9693.
9706.
9713.
9713.
9752.
0.
3.
9.
15.
22.
28.
33.
0.
9667.
9700.
9719.
9706.
9713.
9745.
0.
4.
11.
16.
24.
29.
34.
0.
9674.
9713.
9719.
9700.
9713.
9765.
0.
5.
12.
17.
25.
29.
34.
0
9700
9713
9719
9706
9732
9765
MV,MICROSEC
0.
5.
18.
30.
53.
69.
0.
9726.
9810.
9992.
10044.
10057.
0.
9.
20.
34.
55.
71.
0.
9739.
9817.
10005.
10044.
10051.
0.
11.
25.
39.
59.
0.
0.
9745.
9843.
10018.
10051.
0.
0.
14.
25.
47.
65.
0.
0
9758
9992
10038
10051
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
7.
12.
18.
24.
29.
32.
0.
9654.
9713.
9726.
9739.
9732.
9778.
9771.
0.
1.
8.
14.
20.
25.
30.
33.
0.
9674.
9719.
9726.
9726.
9739.
9784.
9771.
0.
2.
8.
15.
21.
26.
30.
0.
0.
9700.
9732.
9732.
9726.
9758.
9778.
0.
0.
5.
9.
16.
22.
27.
31.
0.
0
9706
9732
9739
9732
9778
9771
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
5.
16.
0.
9732.
9758.
0.
8.
17.
0.
9732.
9771.
0.
10.
20.
0.
9745.
9778.
0.
11.
25.
0,
9758,
9771 ,
69

-------
27.
39.
48.
65.
78.
TRACE
0.
1.
3.
9.
14.
19.
23.
27.
TRACE
0.
3.
10.
23.
36.
44.
51.
65.
TRACE
0.
1.
6.
12.
18.
24.
27.
TRACE
0.
3.
9.
16.
22.
25.
37.
44.
TRACE
0.
1.
5.
11.
16.
19.
22.
26.
32.
TRACE
9778.
9797.
10103.
10155.
10161.
NUMBER 54
0.
7274.
9745.
9765.
9797.
9791.
9921.
9966.
NUMBER 55
0.
9635.
9726.
9752.
9778.
9797.
10142.
10155.
NUMBER 56
0.
7437.
9674.
9713.
9719.
9784.
9791.
NUMBER 57
0.
9641.
9713.
9719.
9713.
9992.
9999.
9999.
NUMBER 58
0.
9557.
9654.
9648.
9661.
9771.
9875.
9888.
9908.
NUMBER 59
30.
40.
50.
67.
0.
9784.
9804.
10109.
10155.
0.
33.
43.
54.
69.
0.
9784.
9934.
10122.
10155.
0.
35.
45.
56.
71.
0.
9791 .
9953.
10122.
10161.
0.
37.
46.
58.
76.
0.
9804
10109
10129
10161
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
0.
4.
11.
14.
20.
24.
28.
0.
9583.
9752.
9758.
9791.
9797.
9934.
9973.
0.
1.
5.
11.
16.
20.
25.
29.
0.
9615,
9758.
9758.
9784.
9888.
9940.
9966.
0.
1.
7.
12.
17.
21.
26.
29.
0.
9700.
9758.
9765.
9771.
9901.
9953.
9966.
0.
2.
8.
12.
19.
22.
26.
0.
0
9726
9758
9804
9784
9914
9960
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
4.
13.
25.
37.
47.
55.
66.
0.
9661.
9732.
9758.
9784.
9804.
10135.
10155.
0.
5.
15.
28.
38.
47.
57.
66.
0.
9700.
9745.
9771.
9784.
9810.
10135.
10161.
0.
6.
17.
31.
40.
48.
61.
0.
0.
9713.
9739.
9771.
9791.
9810.
10142.
0.
0.
9.
20.
34.
42.
49.
63.
0.
0
9719
9745
9771
9791
10135
10142
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
7.
13.
19.
24.
27.
0.
9609.
9667.
9713.
9732.
9791.
9849.
0.
2.
9.
14.
19.
25.
28.
0.
9654.
9680.
9713.
9784.
9791.
9875.
0.
3.
10.
16.
22.
26.
0.
0.
9661.
9700.
9713.
9771.
9784.
0.
0.
4.
11.
17.
23.
27.
0.
0
9667
9713
9713
9778
9791
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
4.
10.
17.
23.
28.
39.
45.
0.
9648.
9713.
9713.
9719.
9992.
9999.
10005.
0.
6.
11.
18.
23.
31.
40.
45.
0.
9661.
9719.
9706.
9726.
9992.
10005.
10012.
0.
8.
13.
19.
24.
33.
42.
0.
0.
9674.
9719.
9706.
9895.
9992.
9999.
0.
0.
9.
14.
20.
26.
35.
43.
0.
0
9680
9713
9706
9908
9999
9999
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
6.
12.
16.
21.
23.
27.
33.
0.
9635.
9654.
9667.
9674.
9771.
9882.
9888.
9901.
0.
3.
7.
13.
16.
21.
24.
29.
33.
0.
9628.
9654.
9661.
9739.
9771.
9882.
9895.
9901.
0.
4.
8.
14.
17.
21.
25.
30.
34.
0.
9635.
9661.
9674.
9758.
9797.
9895.
9908.
9901.
0.
5.
9.
15.
18.
21.
26.
31.
34.
0
9648
9654
9661
9771
9895
9895
9914
9901
MV,MICROSEC
70

-------
0.
3.
11.
26.
35.
40.
48.
54.
TRACE
0.
0.
1.
5.
9.
14.
17.
22.
27.
31.
TRACE
0.
3.
9.
15.
21.
35.
48.
56.
TRACE
0.
1.
5.
9.
12.
18.
24.
28.
30.
35.
TRACE
0.
4.
14.
28.
35.
44.
50.
TRACE
0.
1.
3.
0.
9635.
9661.
9687.
9706.
9849.
9875.
10135.
NUMBER 60
0.
9121.
9628.
9648.
9661.
9680.
9719.
9719.
9732.
9739.
NUMBER 61
0.
9199.
9648.
9667.
9745.
9836.
9849.
9888.
NUMBER 62
0.
9212.
9674.
9713.
9765.
9784.
9797.
9823.
10090.
10070.
NUMBER 63
0.
9615.
9687.
9719.
9739.
9778.
9960.
NUMBER 64
0.
7378.
9615.
0.
4.
14.
28.
37.
43.
49.
56.
0.
9635.
9667.
9693.
9706.
9856.'
9888.
10155.
0.
5.
16.
30.
38.
44.
49.
57.
0.
9635.
9674.
9687.
9719.
9856.
10135.
10155,.
0.
7.
19.
32.
38.
46.
50.
59.
0.
9641.
9680.
9700.
9732.
9856 .
10129.
10161.
0.
9.
21.
34.
39.
48.
52.
59.
0
9648
9687
9700
9843
9875
10135
10168
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
2.
5.
10.
14.
18.
23.
28.
32.
0.
9134.
9622.
9648.
9654.
9687.
9719.
9719.
9726.
9739.
0.
1.
2.
6.
10.
14.
20.
24.
29.
32.
0.
9147.
9628.
9641.
9674.
9693.
9713.
9719.
9732.
9752.
0.
1.
3.
7.
11.
15.
21.
25.
29.
33.
0.
9166.
9641.
9641.
9661.
9713.
9713.
9726.
9745.
9758.
0.
1.
3.
8.
13.
16.
21.
26.
30.
0.
0
9179
9648
9654
9674
9719
9719
9726
9739
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
3.
11.
17.
22.
38.
49.
56.
0.
9615.
9654.
9674.
9817.
9836.
9849.
9940.
0.
5.
11.
19.
23.
41.
53.
57.
0.
9628.
9661.
9674.
9810.
9836.
9856.
9927.
0.
7.
13.
20.
25.
43.
54.
59.
0.
9635.
9661.
9667.
9823.
9843.
9856.
9927.
0.
8.
14.
21.
32.
46.
54.
60.
0
9648
9661
9680
9836
9849
9849
9934
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
6.
10.
13.
19.
25.
28.
31.
35.
0.
9635.
9680.
9713.
9765.
9784.
9804.
9947.
10083 .
10077.
0.
2.
7.
11.
14.
20.
26.
28.
32.
0.
0.
9680.
9693.
9719.
9765.
9791.
9804.
10064.
10090.
0.
0.
3.
7.
11.
16.
22.
27.
29.
33.
0.
0.
9654.
9706.
9732.
9765.
9797.
9817.
10083.
10077.
0.
0.
4.
8.
12.
17.
22.
27.
30.
34.
0.
0
9687
9713
9758
9778
9804
9817
10096,
10077
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
5.
16.
29.
38.
45.
0.
0.
9648.
9706.
9719.
9739.
9784.
0.
0.
7.
20.
29.
39.
46.
0.
0.
9654.
9719.
9719.
9752.
9791.
0.
0.
8.
23.
31.
42.
46.
0.
0.
9680.
9719.
9732.
9765.
9953.
0.
0.
9.
25.
33.
43.
49.
0.
0,
9637 .
9719,
9745,
9778,
9953,
0,
MV,MICROSEC
0.
2.
4.
0.
8464.
9635.
0.
1.
6.
0.
8627.
9641.
0.
1.
7.
0.
9192.
9641.
0.
1.
8.
0,
9609,
9654.
71

-------
10.
13.
18.
23.
27.
TRACE
0.
4.
9.
18.
23.
29.
34.
39.
43.
TRACE
0.
0.
0.
1.
5.
9.
13.
17.
22.
26.
29.
TRACE
0.
4.
10.
18.
22.
29.
36.
48.
TRACE
0.
0.
1.
6.
12.
16.
21.
24.
27.
31.
32.
TRACE
0.
4.
9654.
9719.
9719.
9778.
9765.
NUMBER 65
0.
9225.
9648.
9661.
9674.
9895.
9999.
10051.
10083.
NUMBER 66
0.
9173.
9459.
9615.
9667.
9674.
9693.
9719.
9745.
9745.
9765.
NUMBER 67
0.
9231.
9654.
9706.
9739.
9758.
9830,
9843.
NUMBER 68
0.
9153.
9602.
9693.
9693.
9713.
9758.
9758.
9830.
9862.
9849.
NUMBER 69
0.
9635.
11.
14.
19.
23.
29.
9661.
9706.
9726.
9765.
9771.
11.
15.
20.
25.
30.
9661.
9719.
9752.
9771.
9765.
12.
16.
21.
25.
30.
9661.
9726.
9758.
9765.
9758.
13.
17.
22.
26.
0.
9667
9719
9765
9765
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
4.
11.
19.
23.
31.
37.
39.
45.
0.
9635.
9648.
9661.
9687.
9901.
10012.
10083 .
10083.
0.
6.
14.
20.
24.
31.
38.
40.
45.
.0.
9628-.
9648.
9667.
9836.
9921.
10012.
10077.
10090.
0.
7.
15.
21.
25.
31.
38.
42.
46.
0.
9641.
9648.
9667.
9888.
9947.
10031.
10077.
10096.
0.
8.
17.
22.
28.
31.
38.
42.
0.
0
9648
9654
9674
9895
9986
10025
10077
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
0.
2.
6.
10.
14.
18.
22.
26.
30.
0.
9179.
9492.
9654.
9667.
9680.
9700.
9732.
9745.
9752.
9765.
0.
1.
1.
2.
7.
10.
15.
20.
23.
27.
31.
0.
9179.
9498.
9661.
9667.
9680.
9706.
9739.
9745.
9758.
9765.
0.
1.
1.
4.
7.
11.
15.
20.
24.
28.
0.
0.
9192.
9511.
9654.
9667.
9680.
9706.
9745.
9752.
9765.
0.
0.
2.
1.
5.
8.
12.
16.
21.
25.
29.
0.
0
9218
9531
9661
9667
9687
9719
9745
9752
9765
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
4.
12.
19.
24.
32.
39.
49.
0.
9628.
9667.
9719.
9739.
9765.
9836.
9843.
0.
5.
14.
19.
25.
34.
42.
51.
0.
9641.
9674.
9719.
9752.
9765.
9836.
9849.
0.
7.
15.
20.
27.
35.
44.
51.
0.
9641.
9680.
9732.
9758.
9771.
9843.
9849.
0.
9.
16.
20.
28.
35.
45.
0.
0.
9648
9693
9739
9758
9771
9843
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
0.
3.
7.
13.
17.
21.
25.
28.
31.
0.
0.
9166.
9615.
9680.
9706.
9732.
9758.
9758.
9869.
9862.
0.
0.
1.
4.
7.
13.
18.
22.
26.
28.
32.
0.
0.
9173.
9641.
9687.
9713.
9726.
9758.
9765.
9856.
9862.
0.
0.
1.
4.
9.
14.
19.
22.
26.
29.
32.
0.
0.
9212.
9661.
9680.
9719.
9745.
9758.
9778.
9862.
9856.
0.
0.
1.
5.
10.
15.
20.
23.
26.
29.
32.
0.
0
9511
9680
9674
9719
9758
9758
9778
9856,
9849
0.
MV,MICROSEC
0.
7.
0.
9635.
0.
10.
0.
9648.
0.
10.
0.
9648.
0.
12.
0,
9654,
72

-------
16.
25.
35.
40.
47.
TRACE
0.
1.
2.
7.
11.
14.
20.
24.
26.
30.
34.
TRACE
0.
3.
12.
17.
30.
39.
47.
52.
56.
TRACE
0.
0.
1.
3.
7.
12.
15.
19.
21.
25.
28.
TRACE
0.
4.
10.
18.
28.
33.
39.
44.
50.
TRACE
0.
9654.
9680.
9856.
9921.
9940.
NUMBER 70
0.
9225.
9615.
9628.
9661.
9687.
9700.
9706.
9849.
9882.
9921.
NUMBER 71
0.
9602.
9641.
9778.
9797.
9791.
9817.
9830.
9862.
NUMBER 72
0.
9186.
9544.
9628.
9661.
9726.
9732.
9732.
9823.
9830.
9843.
NUMBER 73
0.
9244.
9628.
9700.
9700.
9706.
9719.
9719.
9745.
NUMBER 74
0.
.19.
25.
36.
43.
48.
9661.
9862.
9856.
9927.
9940.
20.
28.
38.
44.
49.
9667.
9843.
9856.
9927.
9966.
22.
31.
39.
45.
0.
9667.
9856.
9862.
9934.
0.
23.
33.
40.
47.
0.
9674.
9856.
9862.
9934.
0.
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
3.
8.
12.
15.
21.
25.
26.
30.
0.
0.
9296.
9622.
9628.
9661.
9693.
9706.
9706.
9869.
9895.
0.
0.
1.
4.
9.
13.
16.
22.
25.
27.
31.
0.
0.
9498,
9628.
9641.
9667.
9693.
9706.
9719.
9862.
9908.
0.
0.
1.
5.
9.
14.
18.
22.
25.
28.
32.
0.
0.
9576.
9628.
9648.
9674.
9693.
9706.
9726.
9869.
9914.
0.
0.
1.
6.
10.
14.
19.
23.
26.
29.
33.
0.
0.
9615.
9628.
9654.
9680.
9700.
9700.
9778.
9875.
9927.
0.
MV.MICROSEC
0.
6.
13.
20.
31.
42.
48.
53.
0.
0.
9615.
9661.
9771.
9797.
9804.
9817.
9843.
0.
0.
7.
13.
23.
33.
43.
49.
54.
0.
0.
9622.
9706.
9784.
9797.
9804.
9817.
9843.
0.
0.
9.
15.
25.
35.
45.
50.
55.
0.
0.
9622.
9706.
9784.
9791.
9810.
9823.
9849.
0.
0.
11.
16.
27.
37.
46.
50.
56.
0.
0.
9635.
9719.
9784.
9791.
9817.
9830.
9856.
0.
MV.MICROSEC
0.
0.
1.
4.
9.
12.
16.
19.
22.
26.
29.
0.
9205.
9557.
9628.
9667.
9732.
9732.
9732.
9830.
9836.
9849.
0.
1.
2.
5.
9.
13.
17.
19.
23.
26.
0.
0.
9225.
9589.
9641.
9674.
9719.
9726.
9817.
9830.
9843.
0.
0.
1.
2.
6.
10.
14.
18.
20.
24.
27.
0.
0.
9257.
9609.
9648.
9680.
9739.
9726.
9830.
9823.
9836.
0.
0.
1.
3.
6.
11.
15.
19.
20.
24.
27.
0.
0.
9505.
9628.
9654.
9726.
9739.
9732.
9823.
9823.
9843.
0.
MV.MICROSEC
0.
4.
13.
20.
29.
35.
40.
44.
0.
0.
9479.
9628.
9693.
9700.
9706.
9719.
9726.
0.
0.
4.
14.
21.
30.
36.
41.
45.
0.
0.
9524.
9635.
9687.
9706.
9706.
9719.
9719.
0.
0.
6.
15.
24.
31.
37.
42.
47.
0.
0.
9557.
9641.
9693.
9700.
9706.
9719.
9732.
0.
0.
7.
16.
27.
32.
38.
43.
49.
0.
0.
9615.
9641.
9700.
9706.
9706.
9726.
9739.
0.
MV.MICROSEC
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
73

-------
1.
2.
3.
9.
17.
25.
31.
TRACE
0.
4.
16.
32.
41.
50.
61.
69.
TRACE
0.
0.
1.
4.
7.
12.
19.
31.
TRACE
0.
3.
9.
19.
26.
34.
40.
48.
TRACE
0.
0.
1.
4.
5.
9.
15.
20.
24.
28.
31.
TRACE
0.
5.
14.
19.
8087.
9270.
9570.
9648.
9680.
9680.
9680.
NUMBER 75
0.
9316.
9661.
9687.
9700.
9745.
9765.
9778.
NUMBER 76
0.
9199.
9446.
9466.
9622.
9667.
9693.
9739.
NUMBER 77
0.
9375.
9648.
9680.
9732.
9758.
9791.
9804.
NUMBER 78
0.
9218.
9349.
9381.
9609.
9635.
9661.
9680.
9693.
9752.
9745.
NUMBER 79
0.
9466.
9654.
9713.
0.
2.
3.
10.
18.
26.
33.
9225.
9283.
9609.
9648.
9680.
9693.
9680.
1.
1.
4.
12.
19.
27.
34.
9218.
9518.
9641.
9654.
9680.
9687.
9687.
1.
2.
6.
14.
21.
29.
0.
9231.
9544.
9641.
9667.
9680.
9680.
0.
1.
2.
7.
15.
23.
30.
0.
9244
9557
9654
9667
9680
9674
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
4.
18.
34.
41.
51.
62.
70.
0.
9498.
9674.
9680.
9726.
9745.
9765.
9784.
0.
5.
21.
36.
44.
53.
63.
72.
0.
9622.
9674.
9687.
9719.
9745.
9771.
9784.
0.
10.
27.
38.
45.
55.
65.
73.
0.
9635.
9687.
9693.
9732.
9752.
9765.
9784.
0.
13.
29.
40.
48.
58.
66.
73.
0
9661
9687
9693
9739
9752
9778
9784
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
2.
4.
8.
13.
21.
32.
0.
9231.
9459.
9466.
9628.
9680.
9693.
9745.
0.
1.
3.
4.
9.
13.
23.
34.
0.
9283.
9453.
9492.
9648.
9680.
'9693.
9752.
0.
1.
3.
4.
10.
15.
25.
36.
0.
9303.
9466.
9628.
9648.
9680.
9700.
9758.
0.
1.
4.
5.
11.
17.
28.
0.
0
9414
9459
9628
9661
9687
9700
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
5.
10.
20.
30.
34.
42.
49.
0.
9440.
9654.
9693.
9739.
9784.
9791.
9797.
0.
5.
13.
20.
31.
36.
43.
49.
0.
9440.
9661.
9726.
9745.
9778.
9791.
9804.
0.
5.
16.
23.
32.
38.
46.
50.
0.
9557.
9674.
9739.
9745.
9784.
9797.
9804.
0.
6.
18.
25.
33.
39.
48.
51.
0
9635
9630
9732
9745
9784
9804
9804
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
2.
4.
6.
10.
15.
21.
25.
28.
32.
0.
9238.
9362.
9381.
9615.
9641.
9667.
9680.
9700.
9758.
9752.
0.
1.
?.
4.
6.
11.
17.
21.
26.
29.
0.
0.
9251.
9368.
9388.
9615.
9641.
9667.
9680.
9700.
9752.
0.
0.
1.
3.
3.
7.
12.
18.
22.
27.
30.
0.
0.
9264.
9375.
9602.
9622.
9641.
9674.
9687.
9693.
9745.
0.
0.
1.
3.
4.
8.
14.
19.
23.
28.
30.
0.
0
9296
9375
9609
9628
9654
9674
9687
9693
9745
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
5.
16.
21.
0.
9628.
9654.
9726.
0.
7.
16.
22.
0.
9641.
9661.
9719.
0.
11.
17.
23.
0.
9654.
9700.
9719.
0.
12.
18.
25.
0
9648
9713,
9732,
74

-------
26.
32.
41.
46.
TRACE
0.
0.
0.
5.
8.
12.
18.
20.
22.
26.
TRACE
0.
3.
8.
16.
28.
37.
48.
55.
63.
78.
88.
TRACE
0.
2.
2.
5.
7.
12.
16.
18.
22.
27.
32.
TRACE
0.
3.
5.
15.
23.
27.
34.
39.
TRACE
0.
0.
9732.
9869.
9908.
9914.
NUMBER 80
0.
6546.
9212.
9309.
9648.
9667.
9661.
9804.
9888.
9882.
NUMBER 81
0.
6176.
9309.
9661.
9680.
9687.
9693.
9700.
9745.
10044.
10070.
NUMBER 82
0.
6546.
9257.
9290.
9667.
9687.
9700.
9797.
9921.
9927.
9908.
NUMBER 83
0.
9231.
9648.
9726.
9732.
9732.
9784.
9823.
NUMBER 84
0.
9140.
27.
33.
42.
47.
9732.
9882.
9908.
9921.
29.
34.
43.
48.
9739.
9882.
9914.
9927.
29.
37.
44.
49.
9817.
9901.
9908.
9927.
31.
39.
45.
0.
9843
9901
9914
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
1.
6.
8.
13.
19.
21.
23.
27.
0.
6546.
9264.
9316.
9648.
9661.
9654.
9810.
9882.
9895.
0.
2.
2.
6.
9.
14.
20.
21.
24.
28.
0.
6553:
9270.
9322.
9641.
9661.
9674.
9810.
9875.
9895.
0.
3.
2.
7.
10.
15.
20.
21.
25.
0.
0.
6566.
9290.
9342.
9654.
9661.
9687.
9817.
9869.
0.
0.
1.
4.
7.
11.
17.
20.
22.
25.
0.
0
6748
9296
9641
9667
9661
9687
9869
9882
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
3.
9.
17.
30.
39.
50.
57.
63.
80.
90.
0.
9257.
9329.
9661.
9674.
9687.
9693.
9700.
10051.
10057.
10070.
0.
4.
8.
20.
32.
41.
52.
58.
68.
82.
0.
0.
9283.
9667.
9667.
9667.
9693.
9700.
9700.
10025.
10057.
0.
0.
6.
11.
23.
33.
43.
52.
60.
72.
84.
0.
0.
9296.
9661.
9674.
9667.
9687.
9700.
9706.
10051.
10057.
0.
0.
7.
14.
25.
35.
46.
54.
62.
75.
86.
0.
0
9309
9661
9674
9674
9687
9706
9719
10044
10070
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
1.
3.
5.
8.
13.
16.
18.
23.
28.
33.
• o.
6709.
9264.
9290.
9674.
9687.
9784.
9882.
9927.
9914.
9914.
0.
0.
3.
6.
9.
14.
17.
19.
24.
29.
0.
0.
9205.
9270.
9303.
9680.
9687.
9791.
9882.
9934.
9914.
0.
0.
1.
4.
5.
10.
15.
17.
20.
26.
30.
0.
0.
9218.
9296.
9680.
9680.
9687.
9784.
9875.
9927.
9901.
0.
o.-
1.
5.
6.
11.
16.
18.
20.
26.
31.
0.
0
9231
9296
9667
9687
9693
9791
9882
9927
9901
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
4.
7.
16.
23.
28.
34.
40.
0.
9238.
9661.
9726.
9726.
9765.
9784.
9823.
0.
5.
9.
' 19.
25.
30.
34.
41.
0.
9251.
9687.
9732.
9726.
9765.
9817.
9843.
0.
6.
11.
21.
25.
31.
36.
42.
0.
9270.
9706.
9732.
9726.
9771.
9817.
9836.
0.
5.
13.
22.
26.
33.
38.
42.
0
9290
9706
9726
9719,
9784
9817
9843
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
0.
9153.
0.
1.
0.
9166.
0.
2.
0.
9173.
0.
2.
0,
9186
75

-------
3.
4.
8.
13.
19.
24.
33.
TRACE
0.
3.
5.
22.
32.
39.
47.
57.
TRACE
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.
9.
13.
17.
21.
29.
TRACE
0.
1.
3.
14.
30.
44.
58.
70.
TRACE
0.
1.
4.
6.
7.
7.
13.
16.
27.
37.
TRACE
0.
0.
9199.
9218.
9654.
9674.
9713.
9934.
9914.
NUMBER 85
0.
9153.
9628.
9667.
9700.
9908.
10038.
10038.
NUMBER 86
0.
9082.
9160.
9362.
9563.
9576.
9622.
9648.
9648.
9648.
9641.
NUMBER 87
0.
9082.
9466.
9661.
9719.
9901.
9921.
9973.
NUMBER 88
0.
9049.
9095.
9394.
9459.
9635.
9628.
9700.
9706.
9726.
NUMBER 89
0.
0.
3.
4.
9.
14.
21.
26.
34.
9192.
9602.
9654.
9667.
9719.
9934.
9914.
4.
5.
10.
15.
21.
28.
35.
9192.
9609.
9667.
9674.
9732.
9921,.
9927.
4.
6.
11.
16.
21.
30.
0.
9192.
9622.
9680.
9680.
9921.
9927.
0.
4.
7.
12.
17.
23.
31.
0.
9199
9635
9680
9693
9927
9927
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
4.
7.
25.
32.
42.
49.
57.
0.
9160.
9667.
9680.
9706.
9908.
10031.
10044.
0.
5.
11.
26.
33.
43.
52.
58.
0.
9173.
9667.
9687.
9817.
9927.
10031.
10051.
0.
5.
15.
26.
35.
43.
54.
60.
0.
9192.
9674.
9687 .
9823.
10044.
10031.
10064.
0.
5.
18.
31.
36.
45.
55.
0.
0
9205
9674
9706
9901
10044
10038
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
2.
2.
4.
5.
7.
10.
13.
18.
22.
32.
0.
9095.
9173.
9368.
9576.
9589.
9615.
9648.
9648.
9654.
9654.
0.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8.
10.
14.
19.
24.
33.
0.
9101.
9192.
9375.
9563.
9589.
9622.
9648.
9648.
9648.
9778.
0.
2.
2.
4.
6.
8.
11.
15.
20.
26.
0.
0.
9108.
9349.
9381.
9563.
9589.
9635.
9654.
9654.
9641.
0.
0.
2.
3.
4.
7.
8.
12.
16.
20.
28.
0.
0
9134
9349
9388
9563
9641
9641
9648
9648
9648
0
MV.MICROSEC
0.
2.
4.
17.
32.
47.
62.
0.
0.
9095.
9492.
9680.
9732.
9901.
9934.
0.
0.
3.
3.
21.
33.
50.
63.
0.
0.
9101.
9622.
9693.
9888.
9908.
9934.
0.
0.
3.
5.
25.
38.
53.
66.
0.
0,
9134.
9654.
9700.
9895.
9908.
9940.
0.
0.
2.
10.
27.
41.
55.
67.
0.
0
9420
9661
9713
9895
9914
9940
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
2.
5.
6.
7.
8.
14.
19.
29.
0.
0.
9062.
9108.
9414.
9472.
9635.
9628.
9706.
9706.
0.
0.
3.
5.
6.
6.
9.
14.
21.
31.
0.
0.
9082.
9121.
9440.
9596.
9641.
9628.
9713.
9700.
0.
0.
3.
6.
6.
7.
10.
15.
23.
33.
0.
0.
9088.
9121.
9440.
9609.
9641.
9641 .
9713.
9700.
0.
0.
4.
5.
7.
7.
12.
15.
25.
35.
0.
0
9082
9401
9453
9635
9641
9713
9706
9706
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
1.
0.
9062.
0.
2.
0.
9075.
0.
2.
0.
9342.
0.
3.
0
9355
76

-------
4.
8.
17.
23.
28.
36.
41.
9362.
9635.
9706.
9726.
9843.
9869.
9882.
TRACE NUMBER
0.
1.
3.
4.
5.
7.
11.
15.
19.
27.
0.
8952.
8997.
9043.
9355.
9388.
9641.
9635.
9817.
9823.
MICROSECONDS

9842
8782
9816
9797
9803
9816
9771
9777
9732
9738
9719
9732
9771
9751
7840
8158
9738
9686
9790
9745
9719
9738
9699
9673
9667
9699
9725
9660
9628
9628
2
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
5.
10.
19.
24.
29.
37.
0.
90
0.
1.
3.
4.
5.
7.
12.
15.
19.
0.
TO CUTOFF
4
9842.0
9829.0
9849.0
9816.0
9803.0
9829.0
9777.0
9771.0
9771.0
9725.0
9764.0
9764.0
9771.0
9758.0
9745.0
9732.0
9738.0
9732.0
9797.0
9797.0
9758.0
9771.0
9719.0
9706.0
9699.0
9706.0
9751.0
9667.0
9647.0
9647.0
9375.
9667.
9719.
9732.
9856.
9869.
0.







5.
13.
20.
24.
32.
38.
0.
9394.
9680.
9726.
9739.
9862.
9869.
0.
5.
14.
21.
25.
33.
39.
0.
9414.
9700.
9726.
9739.
9869.
9875.
0.







5.
16.
22.
26.
35.
40.
0.
9635
9706
9726
9843
9869
9875
0
MV,MICROSEC
0.
8978.
9010.
9062.
9362.
9388.
9628.
9719.
9823.
0.










0.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8.
13.
15.
21.
0.
0.
8978.
9023.
9322.
9362.
9388.
9615.
9804.
9810.
0.
0.
2.
3.
4.
6.
8.
14.
15.
23.
0.
0.
8978.
9030.
9336.
9375.
9615.
9609.
9797.
9804.
0.










0.
2.
4.
4.
7.
9.
14.
15.
24.
0.
0
8991
9036
9349
9381
9622
9622
9830
9797
0
MILLIVOLTS

9842.
9816.
9862.
9836.
9823.
9836.
9849.
9764.
9784.
9706.
9738.
9732.
9764.
9751.
9745.
9738.
9777.
9758.
9790.
9816.
9777.
9764.
9732.
9712.
9693.
9732.
9758.
9680.
9660.
9660.
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0































20
9881 . 0
9836 . 0
9862.0
9875.0
9842.0
9881.0
9901.0
9842.0
9777.0
9719.0
9667.0
9699.0
9803.0
9732.0
9738.0
9725.0
9777.0
9712.0
9907.0
9823.0
9803.0
9823.0
9784.0
9719.0
9712.0
9725.0
9901.0
9771.0
9771.0
9712.0

9881
9836
9862
9875
9842
9881
9901
9842
9777
9719
9667
9699
9803
9732
9738
9725
9777
9712
9907
9323
9303
9823
9784
9719
9712
9725
9901
9771
9771
9712
40
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0

10148
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10167
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
n
'-J
0
0
0
0
10044
0
0
0
0
0
80
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0































77

-------
9654.0
8464.0
9660.0
9615.0
9615.0
9608.0
9543.0
9459.0
9368.0
6552.0
6546.0
9185.0
9159.0
9062.0
8977.0
9686.0
9634.0
9654.0
9641.0
9628.0
9628.0
9641.0
9491.0
9387.0
9296.0
9296.0
9608.0
9381.0
9094.0
9348.0
9712.0
9654.0
9667.0
9680.0
9641.0
9667.0
9647.0
9647.0
9628.0
9647 . 0
9680.0
9654.0
9641.0
9634.0
9621.0
9790.0
9751.0
9745.0
9758.0
9706.0
9823.0
9680.0
9693.0
9680.0
9686.0
9881.0
9719.0
9647.0
9712.0
9810.0
9790.0
9751.0
9745.0
9758.0
9706.0
9823.0
9680.0
9693.0
9680.0
9686.0
9881.0
9719.0
9647.0
9712.0
9810.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10057.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
CM WATER TO CUTOFF MILLIVOLTS
729.8
651.2
727.9
726.4
726.9
727.9
724.5
725.0
721.6
722.1
720.7
721.6
724.5
723.0
581.3
604.9
722.1
718.2
725.9
722.6
720.7
722.1
719.2
717.3
716.8
719.2
721.1
716.3
713.9
713.9
715.8
627.6
716.3
729.8
728.8
730.3
727.9
726.9
728.8
725.0
724.5
724.5
721.1
724.0
724.0
724.5
723.6
722.6
721.6
722.1
721.6
726.4
726.4
723.6
724.5
720.7
719.7
719.2
719.7
723.0
716.8
715.3
715.3
718.2
714.4
715.8
729.8
727.9
731.3
729.3
728.4
729.3
730.3
724.0
725.5
719.7
722.1
721.6
724.0
723.0
722.6
722.1
725.0
723.6
725.9
727.9
725.0
724.0
721.6
720.1
718.7
721.6
723.6
717.8
716.3
716.3
720.1
715.8
716.8
732.7
729.3
731.3
732.2
729.8
732.7
734.2
729.8
725.0
720.7
716.8
719.2
726,9
721.6
722.1
721.1
725.0
720.1
734.6
728.4
726.9
728.4
725.5
720.7
720.1
721.1
734.2
724.5
724.5
720.1
725.9
723.0
722.6
732.7
729.3
731.3
732.2
729.8
732.7
734.2
729.8
725.0
720.7
716.8
719.2
726.9
721.6
722.1
721.1
725.0
720 . 1
734.6
723.4
726.9
723.4
725.5
720 . 7
720.1
721.1
734.2
724.5
724.5
720.1
725.9
723.0
722.5
752.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
753.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
744.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
                                     78

-------
713.0
713.0
712.4
707.6
701.4
694.6
485.8
485.4
681.1
679.1
671.9
665.6
714.9
713.9
713.9
714.9
703.8
696.0
689.3
689.3
712.4
695.6
674.3
693.2
717.8
714.9
716.8
715.3
715.3
713.9
715.3
717.8
715.8
714.9
714.4
713.4
723.
719.
728.
717.
718.
717.
718.
732..
720.
715.
720.
723.6
719.7
728.4
717.8
718.7
717.8
718.
732.
720.
715.
720.
727.4
727.4
                         0.0
                         0.0
                         0.0
                         0.0
                         0.0
                         0.0
                         0.0
                       745.7
                         0.0
                         0.0
                         0.0
                         0.0
79

-------