environmental protection Office of Water EPA 812/R-93-005
Agency (4604) March 1993
&EPA NATIONAL PUBLIC WATER
SUPPLY SUPERVISION PROGRAM
FY 1992 COMPLIANCE REPORT
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Ul
O
THE NATIONAL PUBLIC WATER
SYSTEM SUPERVISION PROGRAM
FY 1992 COMPLIANCE REPORT
March 1993
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
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Table of Contents
The National Drinking Water Program: An Overview
Sources of Drinking Water Contamination
Drinking Water Standards & Public Water System Inventory [[[ G
Drinking Water Standards [[[ /
Drinking Water Definitions [[[ .............................................. 8
Distribution of Public Water Systems by Source [[[ 9
Definition of Public Water Systems Size Categories [[[ 10
Distribution of Community Water Systems by Size [[[ 11
Distribution of Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems by Size [[[ ......................... it
Distribution of Transient Noncommunity Water Systems by Size [[[ is
Compliance With Federal Regulations - National Compliance Trends [[[ t /
National Compliance Trends [[[ iu
FY 1992 National Compliance Profile -Community Water Systems [[[ ?i
FY 1992 National Compliance Profile - Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems [[[ 2
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I •
The National Drinking
Water Program:
An Overview
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The National Drinking Water Program: An Overview
EPA established the Public Water System
Supervision (PWSS) Program under the authority of the
1974 Safe Drinking Water Apt (SOWA). Under the SDWA
and the 1986 Amendments. EPA sets national limits on
contaminant levels in drinking water to ensure that the
water is safe for human consumption. These limits are
known as Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). The
Agency also regulates how often water systems monitor
their water for these contaminants and report the
monitoring results to the States or EPA. Generally, the
larger the population served by a water system, the more
frequent the monitoring and reporting (M/R) requirements.
In addition, EPA requires PWSs to monitor for
unregulated contaminants to provide data on occurrences
for future regulatory development. Finally, EPA requires
PWSs to notify the public when they have violated any of
the regulations.
The SDWA applies to the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, Indian lands, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands,
American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands, and the Republic of Palau.
The SDWA allows States and Territories to seek EPA
approval to administer their own PWSS Programs. The
authority to run a PWSS Program is called primacy. To
receive primacy, States must meet certain requirements
laid out in the SDWA and the regulalions. including the
adoption of drinking water regulations that are at least as
stringent as the Federal regulations and a demonstration
that they can enforce the program requirements. Of the
57 States and Territories, all but Wyoming and the District
of Columbia have primacy. The EPA Regional Offices
administer the PWSS Programs within these two
jurisdictions.
The 1986 SDWA Amendments gave Indian Tribes
the right to apply for and receive primacy. To receive
primacy, a Tribe must meet the same requirements as a
State. To date, no Tribes have requested primacy.
Currently, EPA administers PWSS Programs on all Indian
lands.
Primacy States report quarterly to EPA on their Public
Water System (PWS) inventory statistics, the incidence ol
MCL and M/R violations, and the enforcement actions
taken against violators. The EPA Regional Offices report
this information for Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and
all Indian lands. Regional offices also report Federal
enforcement actions taken. EPA stores this data in an
automated database called the Federal Reporting Dalu
System (FRDS). This report is based largely on data
retrieved from FRDS.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
f-Y J 992 National Compliance Report
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Sources of Drinking
Water Contamination
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Sources of Drinking Water Contamination
Contaminants may enter drinking water before, during, or after treatment by a water system The majority ol PWSs
treat their water, as necessary, to ensure that their customers receive water which is safe to drink Somo ol the sources
of drinking water contaminants are as follows:
Before Treatment
• Bacteria from human or animal sources
• Turbidity in water caused by suspended matter
such as day, silt, and microscopic organisms
• Overflowing storm sewers
• Defective storage tanks
• Leaking hazardous landfills, ponds, and pits
• Saltwater intruding on depleted aquifers near
seashores
• Pesticides, fertilizers, and other agricultural run-off
• Run-off from oil-slicked or salt-treated tuy.
• Underground injection of hazardous wastes
• Naturally-occurring fluoride
• Decay products of radon, radium, and uranium
During Treatment
• By-products of disinfectants such as
tnhalomethanes
After Treatment
• Lead, copper, asbestos, and other materials Iron)
corroding pipes
• Bacteria and dirt entering through leaking pipes
• Improper connections with other systems that allow
contaminants to enter drinking water pipes
• Permeation of contaminants through certain pipe
materials
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1992 National Compliance Report
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Drinking Water Standards
and Public Water System
Inventory
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Drinking Water Standards
During FY 1992, regulations for 59 individual
contaminants in five contaminant groups were in effect.1
The five groups were:
• Microbiological standards (5)
• Turbidity (1)
• Inorganic chemicals (12)
• Organic chemicals (37)
- IBpesticides/PCBs
- 18 volatile organic chemicals (VOCs)
- 1 total trihalomethanes (TTHM), a by-product
of chemical disinfection of drinking water
• Radionudides (4)
During FY 1992, two major regulations became
effective; the Phase II Rule and the Lead and Copper
Rule. The Phase II Rule set MCLs for 28 new
contaminants, revised the MCLs for 10 previously
regulated contaminants, and deleted the MCL for 1
contaminant (i.e., silver). This rule also established the
Standardized Monitoring Framework. Under this
framework, monitoring and reporting on the Phase II
contaminants began in January 1993.
The Lead and Copper Rule, promulgated June 1991,
established treatment techniques for minimizing lead and
copper in drinking water in lieu of an MCL. The M/R
requirements for the Lead and Copper Rule became
effective during January 1992 for PWSs serving > 50,000
people and during July 1992 for PWSs serving between
3,301 and 50,000 people. The entire rule became
effective in December 1992.
In addition, the Phase V Rule was promulgated in
July 1992. This rule established MCLs for 23 new
contaminants and revised the MCL for 1 contaminant
The M/R requirements for this rule began January 1993
for systems with > 150 service connections and the MCI s
will become effective in January 1994. M/R requirements
for the smaller PWSs will begin in January 1996.
The M/R requirements which are established in
regulations generally set requirements based on the
PWS's source (i.e., surface or ground water), the number
of people it serves, and its type. There are three types of
PWSs. These are defined on page 8 of this report.
I This tout do»t not induda •Icbcarfc. akftcarb *uUona. and atdKwfo cuUoxida which are regulaied undw lha Phase II Rule At ihu nmo ol u>u willing ul dus
place thai ttay«d tw raguMon ol *>•*• tuw coniammanli.
. a tomi
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1992 National Compliance Report
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Public Water System Inventory
Definitions
A Public Water System (PWS) provides piped
water for human consumption to at least 15 service
connections or serves an average of at least 25 people for
at least 60 days each year. PWSs can be community,
nontransient noncommunity, or transient noncommunity
systems. Each type of PWSs is defined as follows.
A Community Water System (CWS) is a PWS that
provides water to the same population year-round.
A Nontransient Noncommunity Water System
(NTNCWS)1 is a PWS that regularly serves at least 25 of
the same people at least six months of the year.
Examples of these systems include schools, factories,
and hospitals that have their own water supplies.
A Transient Noncommunity Water System
(TNCWS)' caters to transitory customers in non-
residential areas such as campgrounds, motels, and gas
stations.
All PWSs are required lo monitor, report and comply
with the MCLs tor total coliform bacteria and nitrate. In
addition, CWSs are required to monitor and report tor
chemicals and other regulated contaminants (e.g..
pesticides) and to adhere to MCL requirements
Because NTNCWSs can contribute significantly to an
individual's daily water intake, M/R and MCL
requirements under new regulations [beginning with the
Phase I Volatile Organic Chemical (VOC) Rule
promulgated on July 8,1987] apply to NTNCWSs as well
as CWSs.
The following pages contain information on the
number of PWSs, the source of their water (i.e., surfacu
or ground), and the population served. This information
is provided for all three types of PWSs.
'PROS Mparato* NTNCWS* torn TNCWS* This report alto usei «w MUM designations
The National IHjbtlc Water System Supervision Program
J-Y J 992 National Compliance Report
t'MJH tt
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Public Water System Inventory (cont.)
Distribution of Public Water Systems by Source
In FY 1992.197.060 water systems in the 50 States,
on Indian lands, and in U.S.' Territories were classified as
PWSs. The table below shows the distribution of CWSs,
NTNCWSs. and TNCWSs by source.
Approximately 93 percent (182.996) of all PWSs
obtain their water from a ground-water source. More
specifically, about 82 percent (47,898) of CWSs. 97
percent (23.578) of NTNCWSs, and 98 percent (111.520)
of TNCWSs were served by ground-water sources in f Y
1992. The remaining systems were served by surface
sources such as lakes and rivers.
CWSs, which provide drinking water primarily to
residential areas, account for 30 percent of all PWSs
NTNCWSs, such as schools and factories, make up
approximately 12 percent of the PWSs. The remaining 58
percent of PWSs are TNCWSs
Source4
Surface
Ground
Total
Public Water System Inventory
CWSs
Number of
Systems (%)
10,768 (18%)
47.898 (82%)
58,666 (100%)
Population
Served (%)
139.701,000 (57%)
105.482.000 (43%)
245.183.000 (100%)
NTNCWSs
Number of
Systems (%)
777 (3%)
23.578 (97%)
24.355 (100%)
Population
Served (%)
600.000 (10%)
5.610.000 (90%)
6.210.000 (100%)
TNCWSs
Number of
Systems (%)
2.519 (2%)
111.520 (98%)
114.039 (100%)
Population
Served (%)
1,272.000 (8%)
14.802.000 (92%)
J6.074.000 (100%)
All PWSs
Number of
Systems (%)
14.064 (7%)
182.996 (IK]"/,,)
197,060 (1007,,)
FRDS 07 (1/12/83)
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FV 1992 National Compliance Report
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Public Water System Inventory (cont.)
Distribution of Public Water Systems by Source (cont.)
CWSs serve approximately 245 million people. The
remainder of the population receives its residential drinking
water from private wells and other non-Federally regulated
systems (i.e.. those serving fewer than 15 service
connections or 25 people). Virtually everyone in the 57
States and Territories and on Indian Lands, however, drinks
water from one or more types of PWSs at some time during
the year because, as previously explained, PWSs i.,,.:
schools, factories, restaurants, motels, churches,
campgrounds, Nghway rest stops, and the like.
Definition of Public Water Systems Size Categories
EPA frequently analyzes PWS compliance trends
based on five size categories. (Refer to the table on the
right.) These five size categories will be used throughout
the remainder of this report.
PWS Size Categories
System Size
Very Small
Small
Medium
Large
Very Large
Population Served
25500
501-3.300
3.301 10,000
10.001-100.000
More than 100.000
11>e National Public Water System Supervision Program
J-Y 1992 National Compliance Report
f'.HJO 10
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Public Water System Inventory (cont.)
Distribution of Community Water Systems by Size
EPA's oversight activities in FY 1992 were focused primarily on the 58.666 CWSs which
served approximately 245.183.000 people. The following table presents the FY 1992 universe
of CWSs.
Community Water Systems:
Primary Source and Population Served
SyatemStBa
VwySiiMl
SmaJ
Medium
Laiga
Vaiy Large
Total
Source*
Total
Surtaea Ground Numbor Pareant
Water Water ofCWSa olCWS*
3.526 32.985 36,511 62%
3.676 10.636 14,516 26%
1.746 2.505 4.251 7%
1.596 1,464 3.062 5%
220 106 326 1%
10.766 47,696 56,666 100%
Population Served By*
POT OMlt Of
Population Population
Surtaca Ground Sarvad Sarvad
Watar Walar byCWSa by CWSs
715.000 4.654.000 5.569.000 2%
5,700.000 14.353.000 20.053.000 8%
10.35t.000 t4.376.000 24.729.000 10%
45.990.000 39.045.000 65.035.000 35%
76.945.000 32.852.000 109.797.000 4b%
139,701,000 105,482.000 245.163.000 100%
FROS 07 (1/12^3)
•NoM purehaMd waax »indudad
The National Public Water System Supervtalon l>rograin
FY 1992 National Compliance Report
I'MJO I I
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Public Water System Inventory (cont.)
Distribution of Community Water Systems by Size (cont.)
Eighty-seven (87) percent of CWSs are classified as very small or small, that is, they regularly serve 3.300 or fewer
people. Although there We more than 51,000 very small and small systems, as shown in the table on page 1I. these
CWSs serve fewer than 26 million (10%) of the approximately 245 million customers of CWSs in the country Conversely.
the 326 very large systems, which comprise only 1 percent of the CWS universe, serve 45 percent of the customers
supplied by CWSs.
Community Water Systems
Total Systems = 58,666
Total Population Served = 245,183,000
Number ol CWSs
Medium. Large.
A Very Large
13%
Population Served by CWSs
Medium. Laige.
& Vwy Laige
90%
Vmy Small
& Small
87%
Very Small
& Small
10%
PROS 07 (I/I 2/M)
The National Ilibllc Water System Supervision l»rugrain
J-Y 1092 National Compltamx Repai
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Public Water System Inventory (cont.)
Distribution of Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems by Size
In FY 1992, EPA and States continued to implement stricter requirements for the regulation
ol the 24,355 NTNCWSs. These systems serve approximately 6.210.000 people. The following
table shows the FY 1992 universe of NTNCWSs.
Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems:
Primary Source and Population Served
^fMMII 500
VerySmal
Smal
Medium
Large
Very Large
Total
Source*
Total
Surface Ground Number of Percent ol
'Water Water NTNCWSa NTNCWSs
563 20.966 21.519 88%
194 2,542 2.736 11%
15 68 83 <1%
5 12 17 <1%
00 00%
777 23,578 24,355 100%
Population Served By*
Percent of
Population Population
Surface Ground Served by Served by
Water Water NTNCWSe NTNCWSa
89.000 2.590.000 2.679.000 43%
238.000 2.399.000 2.637.000 43%
80.000 357.000 437.000 7%
193.000 264.000 457.000 7%
000 0%
600,000 5,610.000 6,210.000 100%
PROS 07 (I/13W3)
•Not* purchMedwalM it inducted
Hie National Public Water System Supervision l>rognun
J-Y 1992 National Compliance* Report
t'MJU II
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Public Water System Inventory (cont.)
Distribution of Nontraratont Noncommunlty Water Systems by Size (cont)
Like CWSs, most NTNCWSs regularly serve 3,300 or fewer people. Ninety nine (99) percent ol NTNCWSs are
classified as very small or small However, unlike smaller CWSs which provide water to only 10% of the population
served by CWSs, very small and small NTNCWSs serve the majority (86 percent) of the population served by NTNCWSs
Nontransient Noncommunlty Water Systems
Total Systems = 24,355
Total Population = 6,210,000
Number of NTNCWSs
Population Served by
NTNCWSs
Medium * Log*'
IX
Medium A La/y«^
14%
Vwy Small
A Small
99%
Very Small
& Small
66%
FROS07(t/t3M3)
'Nona o4 «w NTNCWSs ara vwy larg* tptomc {• •. now t*nn man lhan 100.000 paopto)
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1992 National Compliance Ktrpurf
t4
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Public Water System Inventory (cont.)
Distribution of Transient Noncommunity Water Systems by Size
In FY 1992, EPA and States began to place emphasis on the oversight of the 114.039
TNCWSs, especially those serving 500 persons or greater. TNCWSs serve approximately
16,074,000 people. The following table shows the FY 1992 universe of TNCWSs.
System Sin
Very Small
SmaH
Medium
Large
Very Large
Total
Transient Noncommunity Water Systems:
Primary Source and Population Served
Source*
Total
Surface Ground Number ol Percent of
Water Water TNCWSs TNCWSs
2,297 108,918 111,215 98%
172 2,380 2,552 2%
37 174 211 <1%
11 40 51 <1%
2 8 10 < 1%
2,519 111,520 114,039 100%
Population Served By*
Population
Surface Ground Served by
Water Water TNCWSs
244,000 8,233,000 8.477,000
210.000 2.464,000 2.674.000
237.000 1,009.000 1.24G.OOO
271,000 1.028,000 1.299,000
310.000 2,068.000 2,378,000
1,272,000 14,802,000 16,074,000 .
Percent ol
Population
Served by
TNCWSs
53%
16%
8%
8%
1 5%
100%
PROS 07 (1/13/93)
'Note purchased water is included
Hie National Public Water System Supervision Program
FV 1992 National Compliance Report
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Public Water System Inventory (cont.)
Distribution of Transient Noncommunity Water Systems by Size (cont.)
Like CWSs and NTNCWSs, most TNCWSs regularly serve 3,300 or fewer people. Over ninety nine (99) percent of
TNCWSs are classified as very small or small. Like NTNCWSs, those very small and small TNCWSs regularly serve tlio
majority (69 percent) of the population served by TNCWSs. However, almost one-third (31%) of the population that
obtains water from TNCWSs was served by the 272 medium, large, and very large TNCWSs. which comprise < 1% of the
TNCWSs.
Transient Noncommunity Water Systems
Total Systems = 114,039
Total Population = 16,074,000
Number of TNCWSs
Population Served by
TNCWSs
ft Vary L«g*j
Madium. Larg«.
ft Vary Larg«
31%
Very Small
A Small
>99%
PROS 07 (1/13*3)
The National Public Water System Supervision I'rograirc
f-Y 1992 Nattaital Compliance Report
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Compliance with
Federal Regulations
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Compliance With Federal Regulations - National Compliance Trends
CWS Compliance Status
The compliance rate tor CWSs has remained
between 70% and 73% (rom FY 1986 to FY 1992. This
means that for example, in FY 1992,72% of the CWSs
were in fuN compliance with EPA's regulations.
CWS Compliance Status
FY 1986-1992
100% j
90% •
80% •
70% '
~ 60%
| 50%
| 40% -
30%
20%
10%
0%
191
70% 72% 73%' 73% 73% 72%
1
86 1987 1988
i I 1
1989 1990 1991
Fiscal YMT
72%
1
1992
FRDS07(1/i;V»3) -
Hie National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1992 National CompUaiux Report
NTNCWS Compliance Status
The NTNCWS compliance rate has remained
between 79% and 82% from FY 1989 lo FY 1992. This
rate was slightly higher than the compliance rate for
CWSs; partly because NTNCWSs were subject to M/R
and MCL requirements for fewer contaminants.
However, with the promulgation of each new or revised
rule, NTNCWSs are subject to the same requirements as
CWSs of similar size.
i
*
NTNCWS Compliance Status
FY 1989-1992
100% -1
90%
80%
70%
60%
50% •
40%
30% -
20% -
10% •
0% -
19i
81% 80% 79%
I
)9 1990 1991
Fiscal Year
82%
1
199?
f'jga IU
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Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
National Compliance Trends (cont.)
The charts on page 20 highlight the number of MCL
and M/R violations reported to FRDS by CWSs over the last
seven fiscal years. Both the total number of violations and
the number of systems in violation declined somewhat from
FY 1986 to FY 1988 white the inventory of CWSs increased
steadily. Between FY 1986 and FY 1992, both the number
of violations and the number of systems in violation rose
due to the implementation of new regulations and more
complete reporting. However, as demonstrated by the
previous chart, the percent of the systems in full compliance
remains approximately the same. The graphs on the next
page also indicate that the number of systems in violation
for failure to monitor is more than double the number of
systems with MCL violations.
In FY 1992, approximately 8 percent of CWSs violated
MCL standards while 23 percent of CWSs violated the M/R
requirements.
/'jytt 19
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
*Y 1992 National CompHance Report
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Community Water Systems
Compliance Trends
FY 1986-1992
• ' CWS
Numter of Violations
60.000 4-
50.000 4-
S 4fl-°00 W«
o
§ 30.000
o
20,000
10,000 f
63.344
39.871 39.725 40
MCL
14.625
"
+
•+•
•4
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Fiscal Y«ar
olations
>
CWSs In Violation
[16.294J
15,000
12.500
10.000
7.500 ,
5,000
2.500 •
0
19<
•
^fjl 749 ' 3>069 ' V '
r*^^«w^2.193 12.169 12.295^-'"-
— •— I4VR
— 0— MCL
k^jB.508 6.425
^ ^Ls.400
^*0^ ^^^ • • • 1 1
16 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 199?
Fiscal Year
MUuter of tyMntt n Motabon »w FY 1992 equals 16.294 Th. number ol U/R violakant (13.317) p*u» the numtwr ol CWSs widi MCI violabons (4.975) H. f Y
16.294 (IB.292) tocmtu* 1.99* «yttem» had boft MCL and M^vtoUtoni
The National Public Water System Supervision l*rognun
I-Y J992 National ConyilKvicv Report
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Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
FY1992 National Compliance Profile - Community Water Systems
This chart shows the system size distribution of all
CWSs that violated the MCL and/or M/R requirements
during FY 1992. Eighty-nine (89) percent of the CWSs in
violation in FY 1992 were very small or small PWSs;
however, 87 percent of the CWSs in the inventory were
very small or small.
High rates of noncompliance are particular problems
for systems in Alaska and Puerto Rico. These systems
are typically very small and small systems and face
additional constraints that include cultural and language
barriers, transportation difficulties, and more limited
remedies than in other States. Seventy-three (73) percent
of the CWSs in Alaska and 72 percent in Puerto Rico
violated drinking water standards during FY 1992. Of
these systems with FY 1992 violations, 96 percent in
Alaska and 86 percent in Puerto Rico were very small or
small systems.
Community Water Systems in Violation
FY1992
116,294]
I
5
15.000
12.000
9.000
6.000
3.000
0
11.315
• MCL Violators
O M/R Violators
Very Small Medium large Very
Small Large*
System Size
FRDS 07(1/13/93)
Note CakjgoriM total man t»an actoal number ol tysiems in vwtaton because tome tyttemt am boti MCL and M/R violators
• For wwy targa >y«tam«. 21 had MCL Mrfabaru. 8 1 had M/R violatora. and 6 had boti MCL and M/R*otoi>on»
The National Ihibllc Water System Supervision Program
FY 1 992 National Compliance Report
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Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
FY1992 National Compliance Profile - CWSs (cont.)
The charts on the following page present (he number
of CWSs in violation of the MCL and/or M/R requirements
for each of the five major contaminant groups, plus the
Lead and Copper Rule. These charts demonstrate that the
most common violations among CWSs tend to be of
microbiological regulations. In FY 1992,81 percent of the
CWSs in violation failed to meet the microbiological
requirements. Of these. 67 percent failed to meet the
microbiological M/R requirements.
The National Public Water System Supervision |>rogram
fY 1992 National Compliance Re-purl
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Community Water Systems
in Violation by Contaminant Group
FY 1992
Systems in Violation1
12.000-
B
I
MiciBMctogicaJ Tiattdiy Inavmcs Organics Radntoycal Lead*
Coppar
Total CWSs in Violation
16.2942
1
Population Served1
250
D M/R Violators
• MCL Violators
00
Microbiological TuitaKkly Inorganics Organcs Radiological lead*
Total Population Served |
63 million*
PROS < 1/13/93)
'CategoriM toail mora itan actual ty«lem« and poputokon twvwl because Mma «yitemt are bo»i MCL and M/R wtolaiwi
ObaM kMab rattoct •)• kua vakw (i a. NO double owning) tor CWS4 in vulaton and populated affected
t4jmb«f t reAact M/R raqmremenu undar *w naw Lead and Copper Rule Under ihw rule, feeaimenl tachnquelt) mtMad of an MCI aio n&»d k> muiHiii/0 toad and ooppei u\ diwikmu woi"1
Ttie National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1992 National Compliance Report
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Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
FY1992 National Compliance Profile - CWSs (cont.)
In FY 1992. CWSs in violation of MCL standards
served 17.7 million people, or about 7 percent of the total
population receiving drinking water from CWSs. Fifty-one
(51) million people, or 21 percent of the population served
by CWSs. were served by CWSs with M/R violations. As
evidenced by the charts on the following page, while the
majority of systems in violation are very small and small
CWSs. the largest proportion of the population affected is
served by large and very large CWSs.
The set of charts located on page 26 display by size
category the percent of CWSs in violation, and percent of
population served by these CWSs in violation.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY J 992 Nattenat Compliance Report
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Population Served/Number of CWSs in Violation by
System Size
FY 1992
CWSs with MCL Violations
CZDNumtwr ol Systtmt 4.976
•- Population Swwd -17,708.000
25
20
15
10
f
Vary Small Small Medium Large Very Large
System Size
c
10.000 j
8.000 •
I 6.000
o
£ 4.000
Z
2.000 •
WSs with M/R Violations
9.569 P54
1.3
m
CZDNumbw at Sy slams 1 3. 3 1 7
-av-Populafcxi Served 51.087.000
2.478 /
33 3 7J
^ * 630 559
Very SmaN Small Mudium I arga Vary l.aigu
System Size
10
5
0
Population S0rveo
o
3
W
The National Public Water System Supervision l>rograin
I-Y 1992 National Compliance Report
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Percentages by System Size of CWSs in Violation and
Population Served by CWSs in Violation
FY 1992
Percentages of CWSs with MCL
15% Violations
10% ••
5% •
0%
•«««**
9%
-\
9%,
8%
a*
a%
9%
11%
\
6%
15%
•er
P
10%
5%
0%
Very Smal Medium Large Very
Small Large
System Size
Pen
30%
£ 25% •
> 20%
§ **
i a 15%
II
§ ~ 10%
o
f 5%
a.
ceri
23%
\
26%
itaqes of CWSs with M/R
violations
T 30%
I JParcttnlages ol Systems
-•- Percent ol PopUaoon Served
\
,s*
V
17%
-«.
19XS
>»•-_
15%
/
20%
m—
18%
20%
—m
25%
Very Small Medium I arge Very
SmaH . 1 atija
System Size
Percentage of Population S«rv*d By CWS«
with M/R Violations to Total Population
S«rv«d by CWS« by System Size
S9 3s 3« 3« a
JQ o in o S« 5
-------
Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
FY1992 Regional Compliance Profile - CWSs (cont.)
The following chart snows the percent of CWSs in each Region that were in violation during FY 1992 As discussed
earlier, this chart shows that CWSs are more often in violation of M/R requirements than MCL standards
Percent of CWSs in Violation by Region
FY1992
Systems In Violation = 16,294 Total Number of Systems = 58,666
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%-j
40%
30%
20%
10%-!
I MCL Violators
63%
O M/R Violators I ^H
38%
FRDS07(1/I3/B3)
Note Categories total more *ian acfctd percwriaoat ot systems wit) vutalions because some systems ara bolh MCL and M/R vioUlixs
The Nalfcmal labile Water System Supervision l»n>({rani
f-Y 1992 National Compllaivx Report
-------
Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
FY1992 Regional Compliance Profile - CWSs (cont.)
The following chart shows the regional profile of the percent of population served by CWSs that were in violation
during FY 1992.
Percent of Population Served by CWSs
In Violation by Region
FY1992
• MCI Violators
D M/R Violators
I U III IV V VI VII VIII IX
Region
FHUSO/(l/lorao|
Not* CatogonM total more than actual patcantagat of popUaton tanwd by tytterm witi violation* bacauta toma tyttoms ant boti MCI and M/H violaurs
'lite National Public Water System Supervision Program
FV 1992 National Compttuiux Report
-------
Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
FY1982 National Compliance Profile - Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems
In FY 1992,4,489 NTNCWSs violated MCL and/or M/R
• regulations. Approximately 4 percent of all NTNCWSs
violated the MCL standards and 15 percent violated the M/R
requirements.
The charts on page 31 present the number of
NTNCWSs in violation of the MCL and/or M/R regulatory
requirements for each of the five major contaminant groups.
As with the CWSs, the most common violations for
NTNCWSs are for microbiological regulations. In FY 1992.
84 percent of the systems in violation failed to meet the
microbiological requirements. Of these, 70 percent failed to
» meet the microbiological M/R requirements.
t'MH
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1992 National Compliance Report
-------
Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
FY1992 National Compliance Profile - NTNCWSs (cont.)
The following chart displays the system size distribution of NTNCWSs that violated the MCL and/or M/R regulations
during FY 1992. As with CWSs. the vast majority of NTNCWSs in violation (>99%) are very small or small; however very
small or small NTNCWSs comprise 99 percent of the NTNCWS universe.
Nontranstont Noncommunlty Water Systems In Violation
FY1992
• MCL Violators
D M/R Violators
Very Smal Smal
SystMnSU*
Not* CangoriM luui n«u« tan ackial numbar at tysltiM in xioto
i MMW «y*tom» «• bo*>MCL«nd M/R vMlakwt
The National Public Water System Supervision l*rugioui
FY 1992 National Con\ptlaitoe Report
-------
11" • • ' ™~*^^^^^^^^^^^^vBi^H[i^^^^^^^H^Hmmp^HB^HMBB«HHI
Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems
in Violation by Contaminant Group
FY 1992
Systems in Violation1
Q M/R Violators
MCLVnMon
giuJ Tu**tty Inorprics Org«K» Radutopcai
Total NTNCWSs in Violation:
4.489*
Population Served1
I
3
800
600
400
200-
833
D M/H Violators
• MCL Violalois
TutwMy Inoigmics Otgancs Radwbgicdl
Tolal Population Served
1 2 million'
PROS 07(1/13*3)
'CatogofiM HMri mora turn *c«Mrf tytlwnf w«d populaton Mrved toc«iM tanw *ysiwns aie bo»i MCL and M/R wnHaioft
ThM* kWris ra«Kl «w kw v«fc» (i •. MO doubto oounkng) tor NTNCWStm vwlakon and popuUt
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
fY 1992 Nattoruil Compliance Report
-------
Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
FY1992 National Compliance Profile - NTNCWSs (cont.)
In FY 1992. NTNCWSs in violation of MCL standards
served 292,000 people, or about 5 percent of the total
population receiving drinking water from NTNCWSs. One
(1) million people, or 16 percent of the population served by
NTNCWSs, were served by NTNCWSs with M/R violations
As illustrated on the following page, the majority of
NTNCWSs in violation are very small and small NTNCWSs,
but unlike CWSs. the largest proportion of the population
affected is served by these very small and small
NTNCWSs. Large and very large NTNCWSs account for
less than 1 percent of the NTNCWSs in violation.
The charts on page 34 display by size category the
percent of NTNCWSs in violation, and percent of population
served by these NTNCWSs in violation.
/'jy* V
•Hie National labile Water System Supervision l>rograin
f-Y i 992 Nulfcxuil Compliance Report
-------
Population Served/Number of NTNCWSs in Violation
by System Size
FY1992
NTNCWSs with MCL Violations
3.500 -,
3.000 •
2.500 -
J 2.000 -
B
Z 1.000 -
500 -
0 •
\
^^Tsta3
126
Vary
Sinai
ZnNumkwraiaytfMM- 1.093
~*-PoputalionSOT«d -292,000
t
r\
142 \21
t 1 \ 4 ° 0
SmaM Medium Large
System Size
0 0
Vary
Large
r 500
450
400 -n
350 1
300 I
250 |
200 |
150 1
100
50
0
NT
3.500 -r
3,000
2.500 •
J 2.000
CO
j 1.500
Z 1,000 -
500 •
NCWSs with M/R Violations
**7 T 500
3.279 x*i
/
Very
SmaN
\
1
dUNumber ol Sy slemt 3. 756
-•-Poputaion Sorvud 987,000
463
Small
V
»
Medium Laigu Very
1 arge
System Size
450
400 -„
350 £
300 3
250 |
200 u
150 |
100
50
0
FRDS07(I/I3/B3)
Hie NaUonal Public Water System Supervision IVogram
f-Y J 992 Naltonal ConyWluncv
-------
Percentages by System Size of NTNCWSs in Violation
and Population Served by NTNCWSs in Violation
FY 1992
Perc
8% •
of NTNCWSs with
otations
5% •
5 4 3% •
> 2% •
0%
0%
Vary Small Medium Larga Vary
Smal System Size laig*
Percentages of NTNCWSs with
M/R Violations
T 25%
25% T
20%
15% •
fi 10%
> 5%
0%
Vary Small Medium -large Very
SmaU System Size large
Note: Th» p^frtn^Qtt ooMMMd in •» columns ol MM bar chart rated to percent ol wwy wnall. imal. m*dlum. Iwg* and wwy large sysiums ihat had MCI Moiaiioni and fcM)
vioMoM. raapackSMly Tha patcanlaaat in to kmd knas rated to paroanl ot oopulaaon tatvad by tola very unaH. tmal, medum largo and vary laroa iyvtomt ttuii had MCI
wiolaaoM and I/M vtolaiom. mpadrvaly For aiampla. in FY 1M2.4% ot to vary tmaN NTNCWS* had MCL violaaon*. white 5X ol Hw laui population twved by vary tmaii
The National Public Water System Supervtalon Program
fY 1992 National Compliance Report
-------
Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
FY1992 Regional Compliance Profile - NTNCWSs (cont.)
The following chart shows the percent of NTNCWSs in each Region that were in violation during FY 1992. The
predominance of systems with M/R violations versus systems with MCL violations is more pronounced for NTNCWSs
than for CWSs.
Percent off NTNCWSs in Violation by Region
FY1992
Systems In Violation = 4,489 Total Number of Systems = 24,355
• MCL Violators
O M/R Violators
ftoglon
PROS 07 (1/13/93)
Not* CMSflohM total mow ttan man* pwowttBgei ol •yttomi wtlh vMtaftont twcauM tome »yrt»m« mm both MCL and M/R vtotakxs
The National PubUc Water System Supervision Program
f-Y 1992 National Compliance Report
-------
Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
FY1992 Regional Constance Profile - NTNCWSs
The following chart shows the regional profile of the percent of population served by NTNCWSs that were in violation
during FY 1992. < '
Percent of Population Served by NTNCWSs
In Violation by Region
FY1992
• MCL Violators
D Ufa Violators
PROS 07(1/13/93)
No» CrtBQfim"* toul mom tte/t achi*! percentage* ol poputrton «erved by tyttemt witi vrtauon* becauM tome sytkmu we boti MCI and WH vtolakxs
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
f-Y J 992 Nattonul Compliance Report
-------
Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
FY1992 National Compliance Profile • Transient Noncommunlty Water Systems
The following chart displays the system size distribution of Transient Noncommunity Water Systems (TNCWSs) (hat
violated the MCL andfor MR requirements during FY 1992. As with CWSs and NTNCWSs, the vast majority of TNCWSs
in violation (>99%) are very small or small; however, very small systems comprise 99 percent of the TNCWS universe
Approximately 2 percent of the TNCWSs violated the MCL standards and 10 percent of the TNCWSs violated the M/R
requirements.
Transient Noncommunlty Water Systems In Violation
FY1992
[13,360]
Very Small Small M
System State
Large Very Large
System Size
PROS 07 (1/13*3)
Note Catt0onM totel mm «w actid number of cyclwnt m vtotaton becaut* tome system* are boti MCL and WR violators
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
fY J 992 National Compliance Report
f'aga .I/
-------
Significant
Noncompliance
-------
Significant Noncompliance
FY 1992 National Profile
Significant noncompliers (SNCs) are CWSs,
NTNCWSs and TNCWSs (those serving > 500 persons)
that have more serious, frequent, or persistent violations.
SNCs are divided into microbiological/turbidity SNCs and
chemical/radiological SNCs. The criteria which designate
a system as an SNC vary by contaminant.
In order to be more protective of public health, the
SNC definitions for microbiological/turbidity and chemical/
radiological parameters were made more stringent.
These new SNC definitions became effective at the start
of FY 1991. Pages 40 and 41 include these new
definitions.
Beginning on January 1, 1991, monitoring
requirements under the new Total Coliform Rule (TCR)
became effective; that is, TCR violations were beginning
to be incurred and reported to FRDS. The first TCR
SNCs were determined at the end of June 1991.
The chart on page 42 shows the trends for
microbiological/turbidity and chemical/radiological SNCs
from FY 1986 - FY 1990 under the old SNC definition
The number of microbiological/turbidity and chemical/
radiological SNCs declined from FY 1986 - FY 1990. 1 lie
chart on page 43 shows these trends during FY 1991 and
FY 1992 which reflect the implementation of the more
stringent SNC definition and the TCR SNC definition
Nole: The number of SNCs discussed in (his text represent (he number of systems that met the definition of SNC by quarter from FY 1986 lo FY 1992. h.iscd on violation ct
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.) - SNC Definitions
Total Colitorm Rule (TCR) MCL
MONTHLY MONITORING: 2: 4 acute/monthly
MCL violations In any 12 consecutive months.
QUARTERLY MONITORING: 2 3 acute/monthly MCL
violations in any 4 consecutive quarters.
ANNUAL MONITORING: 2 2 acute/monthly MCL
violations in any 2 consecutive periods.
Total Colitoim Rule fTCRl M/R
MUN11U. Y MONIrnniNfi- In any 12 consecutive
months, meeting one ot u* foiiowuig criteria:
2 4 major repeat M/R violations
2 4 combined major repeat M/R and MCL violations
2 6 combined major repeal M/R, major routine M/R,
and/or MCL violations
2 10 combined major/minor routine/repeat M/R and/or
MCL violations *
QUARTERLY MONITORING: In any 4 consecutive
quarters, meeting one the blowing criteria:
2 3 major repeat M/R violations
2 3 major repeat M/R. major routine M/R and/or MCL violations
ANNUAL MONITORING: In any 2 consecutive one-year periods.
meeting one ot the following criteria:
2 2 major repeat M/R violations
2 2 combined major repeal M/R. major routine M/R. and/or
MCL violations
Turbidity MCL
MONTHLY MONITORING > 4 MCL violations in any 12
consecutive months.
QUARTERLY MONITORING > 2 MCL violations in any 4
consecutive quarters
Turbiditv M/R and Combined M/R and MCL
Monthly MONITORING: In any 12 consecutive months, having
either of the following:
2 6 major M/R and/or MCL violations, or
2 10 major/minor M/R and/or MCL violations
QUARTERLY MONITORING: > 3 major M/R and/or MCI
'Batons in any 4 consecutive quarters
ANNUAL MONI I OHiUo /<,.,/, • M/R and/or MCL
violations in any 2 consecutive out,. .
Exceeds the short term acceptable risk to health level
Nitrate MCL
> 10mg/l
Chemical/Radiological M/R
Fails to monitor for. or report the results of any regulated
contaminant tor 2 2 consecutive compliance periods
Public Notification
Failure to provide public notrfication ol the violation which
caused the system to become a SNC
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1992 National Compliance Rrport
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.) - SNC Definitions
Surface Water Trealmant Rule fSWTR)
UNFILTEREO SYSTEMS
A system thai has 3 or more major M/R violations in
any 12 consecutive months.
i
FILTERED SYSTEMS
The M/R and treatment technique SNC definitions lor
tilered systems wM become effective in FY1993.
Coer Rule Pb/Cul
Effective beginning in FY 1993.
(1) A 'major M/R violation (except lor SWTR) occurs when no
samples are taken or no results are reported during a compliance
period For SWTR. a major M/H violation occurs when al least 90%
of the required samples are not taken or results reported during a
reporting period
(2) A •minor M/R violation (except lor SWTR) occurs when an
insufficient number of samples are taken or incomplete results are
reported during a compliance period For SWTR. a minor violation
occurs when less than 100% but more than 90% ol the required
samples are not taken or results reported during a reporting period
(3) SNC definition is modified, t needed, to cover new regulations
as they are promulgated
(4) For details on the SNC definition, please see the following
memorandum.
(a) "Revised Definition of Significant Noncomptor (SNC) and the
Model for Escalating Responses to Violations in the PWSS
Program.' May 22.1990. (Water Supply Guidance *70)
(b) 'Final SNC Definition lor the TCR and proposed SNC
Definition for Ihe SWTR" December 19,1990 (Water Supply
Guidance «80|
(c) 'Final SNC Definition lor Ihe SWFR.' February 28.1991
(Water Supply Guidance «82|
(d) "Final Guidance for Ihe I ead and Copper Definitions and
Federal Reporting lor Milestones. Violations, and SNCs'
May. 1992
lite National Public Water System Supervision Program
FV 1992 National Cotnpttaitce Report
4I
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
The chart below demonstrates that the number of SNCs lor both microbiological/lurbidity and chemical/radiological
SNCs declined from FY 1987 through FY 1990. MicrobJologicaWurbidiry SNCs decreased more lhan 55 percent while
chemical/radiological MCL SNCs decreased almost 51 percent.
SNC Trends
1200
1000-
800-
600-
400
200-
MkvotNOlogical/Tuit>icMy MCL and M/R
Chemical/Radiological MCL*
9/86 12/86 3/87 6/87 9/87 12/87 3/88 6/88 9/88 12/88 3/89
FRDS Compliance Period End Dates
i r
9/8912/893/90
•6/90 9/90
FRDS 4 IB and 410. quarterly report* tirou0rt 1990
•DoM not mduda Ch»(pcal WR SNC*
Note Tlw number ol SNC* portrayed in «w 0Y«ph r«pnM«ni tte numbM of *y*tam* ttai met •»
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
The chart below shows that the number of microbiological/turbidity SNCs has declined from FY 1991 lo FY 1992
However, the number of chemical/radiological SNCs has steadily increased, due largely lo increased reporting The
number of SNCs dramatically rose from the end of FY 1990 to the beginning of FY 1991 . due largely lo the revised SNC
definition for both microbiological/turbidity and chemical/radiological contaminants The new SNC definition lor the Total
CoKform Rule was implemented for the FRDS compliance period ending 6/91 . Overall, the number ol microbiological/
turbidity SNCs has steadily decreased in FY 1992.
SNC Trends
1.704
t.538
1.400
12/90 3/91 6/91 9/91 12/91 3/92
FRDS Compliance Period End Dates
6/92
9/92
PROS 42 and 43. quarterly reports trough 1992
Note ThanumbMOl SNCs poitayed m *M* graph represent to number ol systems tiat meitwdefinMMnol SNC by quarter bom FY 1991 loFY 1992. basod on violation Ujumi
PROS These numbara inchxto SNCs ttal hava been addrassad by Slate or Federal enlorcumenl actons. h»v» rufcjfnud to ooniphadcu. or woia Judchv
'Hie National Public Water System Supervision l>rugrain
fY / 992 National Compliance Kepurt
41
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
FY1992 National Profile (cont.)
The chart below shows that of the 58,666 CWSs, only 5 percent were in significant noncompliance in FY 1992 Of
the 16,294 CWSs in violation in FY 1992.19 percent were SNCs. Furthermore. 77 percent of the CWS SNCs in FY 1992
were very small water systems serving 500 or fewer people. Only 9 percent of the CWS SNCs served more than 3.300
people.
CWSs in Violation
Overall Compliance
Significant Noncompliance
Large &
Very Large Systems
Medium Systems
4%
Small Systems
14%
a 5%
Very Small Systems
77%
PROS 07(1/23*3)
Note: The number ol SNCs portrayed in fttt chert represent Iht number of tyiienru tiel mot to deinikon ol SNC in FY 1992. bawd on violubon data in FHDS Tli
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
FY 1992 National Profile (com.)
Approximately 4 percent of all NTNCWSs wore in sign ; ml noncompliance in FY 1992. Of the 4.489 NTNCWSs m
violation in FY 1992.21 'percent were SNCs. Furthermore, u, percent of the SNCs in FY 1992 were very small water
systems serving 500 or fewer people. Less than 1 percent of the SNCs served more than 3.300 people None of the
NTNCWS SNCs were large or very large systems (i.e., served more than 10,000 or more than 100.000 p«M,le.
respectively).
NTNCWSs in Violation
Overall Compliance
Significant Noncompliance
Medium
Systems Small
<1% Systems
NonSNC
Violators
SNCs 4%
Very Small Systems
91%
FRDS07(t/1S/ft3)
Noto: Th* number of SNCi porfrayed in ft* chart wprsMnl lh» numb«r ol •y«tem« •»•! met •» (telninon d SNC in FY 1002. based on viulatundaia in FHOS Ih«t« numbui&
mduda SMC« t»l km* been >dd»nn«d by Slate or Federal «ntoo«m«nt •Oona. have irtutned to oornptance.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1992 National Comptktitce Report
f'MJIt •
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
FY1992 National Profile (cont.)
Beginning in FY 1992, transient noncommunity systems serving 500 or more persons were subject to the SNC
definition. Less than 1 percent of all TNCWSs were in significant noncompliance in FY 1992. Of the 13,300 TNCWSs In
violation in FY 1992, only 1 percent were SNCs.
TNCWSs in Violation
Overall Compliance Significant Noncompliance
Large & Very large Medium
Systems Systems
2% 6%
NonSNC
Violalois 12%
Compilers
88%
SNCs<1%
Small
Systems
9?%
FRDS07(1/15/93)
Note The number ol SNCs portrayed in this chart represent the number of systems that met the definition ol SNC in FY 1992, basodon violntion d.iiain F FIDS Mn.>s
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
CWS mcfoWologlcal/TurbWIty Significant Noncompllers
In FY 1992,1,937 CWSs (3%) were SNCs lor microbiological or lurbidily requirements. Ol these SNCs. 81 percent
were classified as microbiological SNCs, 10 percent were turbidity SNCs. and 9 percent were both microbiological and
turbidity (M/T) SNCs. Eighty (80%) percent of CWSs in significant noncompliance for these requirements violated the
microbiological M/R requirements. Very small and small CWSs comprise 1.858 or 96 percent of the M/T SNCs
CWS M/T SNCs and Percentage of CWS M/T SNCs
to Total CWSs by System Size
FY1992
1>800T^ T6%°?
s 1-500
* 1.200
M goo •
0 600 •
i
E 300 •
3
z
0
\
N
Very
Small
1
V
\
V* 1% 1% 1%
\ | 39 37 3
SmaN Medium Large Very
o &
•5% S *
•4% S»
1? o
a O
3% •< :g
2% • 5
1% ft O
0%
System Size L*v*
Th« p«rc«nlages in this chart
railed the p«rc«nl ol very
small, small, medium, large,
and very large CWSs that
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
NTNCWS Microbiological/Turbidity Significant Noncompliers
In FY 1992. almost 3 percent of all NTNCWSs were SNCs of microbiological or turbidity requirements Ninety seven
(97) percent of these were classified as microbiological SNCs, 2 percent were turbidity SNCs, and 1 percent were both
microbiological and turbidity (MAT) SNCs. Ninety (90%) percent of NTNCWSs in significant noncompliance for these
requirements violated trie microbiological M/R requirements. All of the M/T NTNCWS SNCs were very small or small
systems. However, only 3 percent of all very small system and 2 percent of all small NTNCWSs, respectively, were MAT
SNCs.
NTNCWS M/T SNCs and Percentage of NTNCWS M/T SNCs
to Total NTNCWSs by System Size
700 T FY 1992 -r 4%
0%
VerySmal Small Medium
System Size
Large
The percentages in this cli.ui
railed the percenl ol very
small, small, medium, aiul
large NINCWSs thai are M/l
SNCs This chart does not
include a category lor very
large NTNCWSs because
none ol I he NTNCWSs seivu
mure than 100.000 rjeoplu
Nob The number ol SNCs pomywt in tw 9H*\ reptetenl Itw number ol f ytlems ttiai met tfw defimfeon ol SNC in FY 1992. bast*J on wiulaBor. dau m FMOS Thusu nmnbui
ndude SNC» twl hme been •ddratxid by Slate or Federal entoicemenl»clio«». have retutned to compliance, or were daackvamd
Hie National Public Waler Syslein Supervision l*rugram
/•Y 1992 Nultonal Compliance Report
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
TNCWS Microbiological/Turbidity Significant Noncompliers
Beginning in FY 1992, TNCWSs serving 500 or more persons were subject to the SNC definition. In FY 1992, less
than 1 percent of all TNCWSs were SNCs of microbiological or turbidity requirements. Ninety two (92) percent of these
were classified as microbiological SNCs, 5 percent were turbidity SNCs, and 3 percent were both microbiological and
turbidity (M/T) SNCs. Eighty-two (82) percent of TNCWSs in significant noncompliance for these requirements violated
the microbiological M/R requirements. Small TNCWSs comprised 93 percent of the M/T SNCs for TNCWSs.
TNCWS M/T SNCs and Percentage of M/T TNCWS SNCs
to Total TNCWSs by System Size
120 -I
O 100
Z
CO
t 80
2
CO
^ 60 •
O
£ 40 -
O
.0 20 •
E
3
2 n
0 •
f FY 1992 1
r?n
^
103
4%
^«
-
.
-
6 •> 0%
Ii % 0
Small Medium Large Very Large
r 5% -g
(D
zf o
O (D
• 4% ^ §
Z *S
§5
oo/ OI ~
• o /o JJ) 21
(7 O
** «s
O) C/)
oo/ *iS ""C
*- '° S* ^
3 (/)
S 0
1% g »
^^
HP/
U /o
System Size
The percentages in this cli.iM
reflect the percent ol sin,ill,
medium, large, and veiy laigo
INCWSs that are M/l SNCs
For example, although sin,ill
systems account tor the inajoniy
ol M/T SNCs, only 4% ol all
small TNCWSs are SNCs
Similarly only 3 percent of all
medium and 4 percent ot all
large fNCWSs are M/T SNCs
None of the very large INCWSs
were M/I SNCs
FRDS07(1/15/93)
Note: The number of SNCs portrayed in this graph represent the number of systems that met the definition ot SNC in FY 1992. based on violation d.ii.i in r (IMS
include SNCs that have been addressed by State or Federal enforcement actions, have returned to compliance, or were deactivated
HK.'
The National l»ubllc Water System Supervision Program
FY 1992 National Compliance Report
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
CWS Chemical/Radiological Significant Noncompllers
In FY 1992,1,221 CWSs were SNCs for chemical or radiological requirements. Forty three (43) percent were
classified as chemical/radiological (C/R) MCL SNCs, 56 percent were C/R M/R SNCs. and 1 percent were both C/R MCL
and M/R SNCs. As the following graph shows. 85 percent of the C/R SNCs were very small or small CWSs. Two (2)
percent of all very small1, small, medium and very large CWSs were C/R SNCs. Four (4) percent of all large CWSs were
C/R SNCs.
cwsc
900 -I
800
• 700 •
Z 600 •
>g 500-
•5 400 -
j 300 •
| 200 •
z
100 •
V
R SNCs and Percenta
to Total CWSs by S
FY1992
787
2%
2% 2%/
246
71
.1 1.
igeo
>yste
4%
A
112
Very Small Medium Large
S™" System Size
r cws c/
mSize
V
*.
5
Very
Large
RSNCs
r 5% o j
-* 2
& 8
4% 2. 3
3f
3*ifa
or O
* 3
<$ CO
•2* u O
| J
1% «2 S
S ?
0%
PROS 07(1/23^93)
Nott: TtM numb* ol SNCi pont»y*d n tut or** represent to number ol system* tol met to dehnilon of SNC in FY 1992. bratd on vtoluaon ddia in FROS
include SNCs sHei heve been Addressed by SM«
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
NTNCWS Chemical/Radiological Significant Noncompliers
In FY 1992,286 NTNCWSs were SNCs for chemical or radiological requirements. Forty five (45) percent were
classified as chemical/radiological (C/R) MCL SNCs, 51 percent were C/R M/R SNCs, and 4 percent were both C/R MCI
and M/R SNCS. As the following graph shows, almost 100 percent of the C/R SNCs were very small or small NTNCWSs
NTNCWS C/R SNCs represent only 1 percent of all very small, small and medium NTNCWSs
NTNCWS C/R SNCs and Percentage of NTNCWS C/R SNCs
to Total NTNCWSs by System Size
FY 1992
JOU •
i250
§ *»•
i 150
g 100 •
»-
0
$ 50-
•i
7 n
256
1%
1% 1%
^
\
\
", \
\
i 0%. OXn
1 . • . f • 1 ° 1 . °
2*
I £2.
3 z Z
°i£
• o Q
^S
S
S
0%
Very SmaH Medium Large Very
Small _, . _, Large
System Size
FRDS 07(1/15/03)
Tte numtw ol SNCs pwtayed n »)« yaph repraseni the number ol systems «ial met tte (tetmiaon ol SNC m FY 1992. based on viulaiiun ddia in FHDS Thow* nunibui:.
NCs ttal h«w« bwm wttwsed by Stole or Federal entoroemenlectiom, have relumed to oompt«nce. o» weie dbaciwatod
/"**4d^ '
The National Public Water System Supervtoton Program
FV J 992 National Compliance Report
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
TNCWS Chemical/Radiological Significant Noncompliars
In FY 1992,10 TNCWSs (< 1%) were SNCs for nitrate requirements. Sixty (60) percent were classified as nitrate
MCL SNCs, and 40 percent were nitrate M/fl SNCs. As the following graph shows, 80 percent ot the C/R SNCs were
small TNCWSs. Very small TNCWSs are not included in the SNC definition.
TNCWS C/R SNCs and Percentage off TNCWS C/R SNCs
to Total TNCWSs by System Size
FY1992
12 T
3%
O
|
o%
Small Medium Large Very Large
System Size
Note The numbM ol SNCi portayed n IN* paph represent Ihe number ol tytiems ttiat met tw dalnton ol SNC m FY 1992. based on violuiio,i duu in FHUS Thuse
ncluda SNCi tftal hav« bean addractod by State or Fadaral imtocament adiofii. hav« ruiumod to oompfcanc*. or «wra duactvaktd
The National Public Water System Supervlalon Program
FY 1992 National Compliance Report
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
Chemical/Radiological MCL Significant Noncompliers
The table below shows the distribution of the chemical/radiological MCL SNCs by individual contaminant category
and type of public water system. A total of 663 systems (543 CWSs, 114 NTNCWSs. and 6 TNCWSs) were C/R MCL
SNCs in FY 1992. The numbers in the table total more than 663 because some systems violated standards for more than
one contaminant.
Chemical/Radiological MCL SNCs
By Contaminant Violated and Type of PWS
Contaminant
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Fluoride
Lead
Mercury
Nitrate
Selenium
Silver2
Endrin
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
2.4 D
2.4.5-TP (Silvex)
SNCs
cws
6
12
16
4
49
36
8
193
29
4
7
5
8
8
8
6
NTNCWS
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TNCWS'
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
6
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Total
6
12
16
4
49
36
8
272
29
4
7
5
8
8
8
6
Contaminant
TTHM
/>Dichlorobenzene
Vinyl Chloride
1,1 Dichtoroelhylene
1 ,2 Dichloroelhane
1.1,1 Trichloroelhane
Carbon Tetrachloride
Trichtoroelhylene
Benzene
Telrachloroelhylenc
Gross Alpha
Combined Radium
Gross Beta
SNCs
CWS
22
0
1
4
1
2
2
16
6
0
19
82
1
NTNCWS
0
0
4
9
4
3
0
20
6
0
0
0
0
TNCWS
N/A.
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Total
22
0
5
13
5
5
2
3G
12
0
19
02
1
FRDS( 1/23/93).
'The SNC definitions for chemical and radiological contaminants are not applicable (N/A) to TNCWSs with in» nxcr.'piion ol mluiii; lor systems scrvimj • .M>n pris
'During 1992. the Phase II Rule became effective In this rule, (he MCL lor silver is elimuiatod
Note: The number of SNCs portrayed in this chart represent the number of systems that met the definition ol SNC in FY 1992. based on violation d.iia in f I IDS
include SNCs that have been addressed by Stale or Federal enforcement actions, have returned to compliance, or worn duaciivatud
ll.rsc
The National I'ubllc Water System Supervision Program
FV 1992 National Compliance Report
o 5.)
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
FY 1992 Regional Profile - Total Number of Significant Noncompliers
The following chart shows total number of SNCs (4,110) in the ten EPA Regions for FY 1992. This total includes
CWSs. NTNCWSs, and TNCWSs. In addition, the percent of all PWS types that are SNCs are shown in parentheses
Total Number of SNCs by Region1
FY1992
1.000 i
IV
V VI VII VIII IX X
Region
1 These tot* refect tie feue value (i e. NO double counting) lor me number ol PWS* mat are FY IW2 SNCs in PROS
Note The number ol SNCs portrayed in mis chart represent me number ol systems mat nwl me deftmkon ol SNC in FY 1992. based on violaton data in FHDS Thasa oombuis
include SNCs mat have been addressed by Stale or Federal entacemenl act»ns. ruive relumed to conyluwtce. (x were duacivaiud
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY J 992 National Corryillarioe Report
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
FY1992 Regional Profile - CWS Significant Noncompllers
The following chart shows significant noncompKance in the ten EPA Regions in FY 1992 The area shaded with
cross hatching represents the proportion of SNCs in Region II and Region X attributed respectively to Puerto Rico and
Alaska. As discussed earlier, these systems often face cultural and language barriers, transportation difficulties, and
more limited resources than in other areas. Whereas nationally, only five (5) percent of CWSs are in significant
noncompMance, 61 percent (271) of the CWSs in Puerto Rico are SNCs. Similarly, in Alaska. 43 percent (311) of the
CWSs are SNCs.
Number of CWS SNCs by Region
FY1992
600-
500-
400
O 30Q.
200-
100-
Microbiological/TuftMMy
Mtf SNCs in Puerto Rico. Alaska
0 OR SNCs in Alaska
V VI
Region
PROS 07(1/12/93)
1 Th*MtoMteralKl*Mfeu«v«lu«(ia.NOdoubtooounlina)l(ir««numtMrolPWStttMiM«FY 1992 SNCt m PROS
Not* 1h* numtar olSNCt pomywt m (h» chart r^»«Mnl th* numb* ollytlemi tuM mel «w
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
FY1992 Regional Profile - CWS Significant Noncompliers
The following chart shows population affected by CWS SNCs in the ten EPA Region in FY 1992
Population Served by CWS SNCs by Region
FY1992
U MicrobbtogicaVTuftoidily
•J Chwnical/Radiolagical
Mff SNCs in Puerto Rico. Alaska
Q C/R SNCs in Alaska
III IV
V VI VII VIII IX
Region
PROS 07(1/15/93)
1 TtwM Mate nt*a*»• tue«*»(*•.NOdoubteoounlinfl)lor tonumberolPWSi thai«i*FY 1992 SMC* m PROS
Nott TlM numb* ol SNCi portmyvd in tm chart rafvwMnl t» numbef ol tytUMit *tat nwl tw daimfton at SNC in FY 1992. basud on viulduon ddia in f ROS Ihusu nuniUiis
ndud* SNCs •«! IMM (MM «t(kM««< by SIM* or F«dMJ «nlo«camant adiont, havo relumod tocompkanoB. of wwe duacivamd
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FV 1992 National Com/glance Report
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
FY1992 Regional Profile - NTNCWS Significant Noncompliers
The distribution of NTNCWSs that met the definition of SNC in FY 1992 is shown by Region in the chart below
Number of NTNCWS SNCs by Region
FY 1992
200
D MwobiologicaVTurbidily
• Chemical/Radiological
III IV V VI VII VIII IX
Region
PROS 07 (I/I V»3)
1 Time totals rated tw kue value (i • . NO double counting) tat tie number ol PWSs thai are FY 1992 SNC* in PROS
Note The numbet ol SNCs portrayed m t«K chart represent the number ol tytlams *ial met •» deferakon ol SNC in FY 1992. basud on viotahuii data in I HDS Tliusu nuinliuis
ndutte SNC» *Ml have be«n addrMMd by Slate or Faderal entorcemeni actions, have twurnud to compbanoe.
The National Public Water System Supervision
FY 1992 Nallonal Compliance Reficrl
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cent.)
FY 1992 Regional Profile - NTNCWS Significant Noncompliers
The chan betow displays population affected by NTNCWS SNCs in the ten EPA Regions in FY 1 992
Population Served by NTNCWS SNCs by Region
FY1992
LJ Microbiological/Turbidity
• Ctwmical/Radiological
'20-
VI VII VIII IX
Region
FRDS07(inS«3)
1 These lotah I**** iw true value (i •. NO doubts counting) tor «w number ot PWSt that are FY 1992 SNC> m PROS
Not* The number ol SNCs porMyad n tMt chart represent the number ol »yttams Aial met tw deinittxi o» SNC in FY 1992. based on viuluuoubllc Water System S«ipervtslon l>rogram
J-Y J 992 Nattoriul Coou^kwiot? Report
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
FY1992 Regional Profile - TNCWS Significant Noncompliers
The distribution of TNCWSs that met the definition of SNC in FY 1992 is shown by Region in the chart below
Number of TNCWS SNCs by Region
FY 1992
MkyobtotogicaVTurbkMy
Chemical/Radiological
III
IV V VI
Region
VII VIII IX
PROS 07(1/15*3)
1 These to** mtecl toe tue value (i •. NO doubte counting) tor to number ol PWSs thai are FY 1992 SNCs in PROS
No»: The number ol SNC« portrayed n tot chart rapreMrrt ttw number ol systems t>ai mttl tie detnton ol SNC in FY 1992. basod on violaaon daia in hHUS
incfcid* SNCs tul haw been addressed by State or Federal entoroamenl acnons. have raturned to compliance.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
fY 1992 Naftorial CorryriJance Report
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
FY1992 Regional Profile - TNCWS Significant Noncompliers
The chart below portrays the population served by TNCWS SNCs in the ten EPA Regions in F Y 1992.
Population Served by TNCWS SNCs by Region
FY 1992
3
2s
U Microbiological/Turtxdfty
• Chemical/Radiological
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X .
FRDS07(1"5flKl)
«
mdud* SNC> »»al hav» bawt addrMMd by State
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
Timely and Appropriate Actions
Once a system is classified as an SNC, it is EPA's
policy that the system be addressed in a timely and
appropriate fashion. In FY.1992, an appropriate
enforcement action was any of the following:
• Bilateral Compliance Agreement,
• State/Federal Administrative Order,
• State/Federal Civil Referral, or
• State/Federal Criminal Filing.
To be considered timely, an action must have been
taken against either a microbiological/turbidity or
chemical/radiological SNC within six months.
A system also is considered to be addressed in a
timely and appropriate fashion, if within six months, the
State or EPA indicates that tKe system has returned to
compliance, no longer meets the definition of a PWS, or
has incorrect violations in FROS.
A system that was not addressed in a timely fashion
becomes an "exception" and a high priority for Federal
action. The charts on the following page show the
number and percent of SNCs and exceptions resolved
during FY 1988 - FY 1992. The percentages for
resolution of new microbiological/turbidity SNCs
addressed in a timely and appropriate manner increased
from 54 percent in FY 1988 to 61 percent in FY 1990. In
FY 1991, with the implementation of a more stringent
SNC definition and the inclusion of NTNCWSs. the
resolution rate decreased slightly to 57 percent but the
number of systems addressed increased significantly from
472 in FY 1990 to 3,411 systems in FY 199t. In 1992.
with the implementation of the new SNC definition for the
Total Cofcform Rule, the resolution rate decreased slightly
to 54 percent.
The resolution of systems that are microbiological/
turbidity exceptions has increased in rate and number
from 48 percent (555) in FY 1990 to 71 percent (1.516) in
FY 1992. The resolution rale for chemical/radiological
exceptions also increased significantly in rate and number
from 60 percent (130) in FY 1990 to 76 percent (545) in
FY 1992. Traditionally, systems that are exceptions are
difficult to resolve because the vast majority of these
systems are very small or small and lack the financial and
technical capabilities to comply with the complex
requirements of the SDWA and its regulations. In
addition, exceptions systems in Alaska and Puerto Rico
face further constraints due to cultural differences Nine
(9%) percent and 30 percent of exceptions that remained
unresolved at the end of the fiscal year were located in
Alaska and Puerto Rico, respectively.
Source Ttmdy and Aypropnatt Report*. FY 1966 to FY 1992
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FT 1992 National Compltance Report
-------
Significant Noncompliance (cont.)
Timely and Appropriate Actions (cont.)
f
,. L_-
SNCiype
MIcrobtoloQlcal/Turbldrty
Chamlcal/Radlologlcal
FY88
Cw^eMM*
OyVMnlel
1,283
3.161
r^MCvm
54%
43%
Resolution of SNCs
FY89
Number
Systems
334
147
Percent
Resolved
54%
82%
FY90
Number
Systwns
472
99
Percent
Resolved
61%
81%
FY91
dumber
Systems
3,411
691
Percent
Resolved
57%
65%
FY92
Number
Systems
1,895
803
Percent
Resolved
54%
42%
Exception Type
IMcrobtotoalcal/Turbldlty
Chemical/Radiological
Resolution of Exceptions
FY88
Number
System*
536
N/A
Percent
Resolved
32%
N/A
FY89
Number
Systems
396
190
Percent
Resolved
56%
31%
FY90
Number
Systems
555
130
percent
Resolved
48%
60%
FY91
Number
Systems
1,524
327
Percent
Resolved
66%
54%
FY92
Number
Systems
1,516
545
Percent
Resolved
71%
76%
An SNC a Mcopion is conuoarod resolved il an appropriate ankwoMiwnl action has bwtn tofcan. tie tysiem has roturnod to compli
mvMk0awn. was not an SNC
Source Tattety and Appropnata Report*. FY 1968 1992 ___________ ____
was duucuvutud. or basod on h« t»,i
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1992 National CompHaitce Report
-------
Enforcement
-------
Enforcement
The table on page 65 shows the distribution of State
and Federal enforcement actions taken in FY 1992
against all violators of the SDWA The data on State
actions were derived from the number of unique
enforcement actions that were reported to the Federal
Reporting Data System (FRDS). Numbers for Federal
actions were taken from monthly reports submitted by the
EPA Regional Offices.
Prior to FY 1992, numbers of State actions were
manually reported to EPA Headquarters as part of the
quarterly reports to the Strategic Targeted Activities for
Results System (STARS). STARS is an automated
reporting system for the Agency's program management
office. However, in'an effort to improve the quality of the
information that is reported to the national data system
(FRDS). and encourage comprehensive reporting to
FRDS of all required data, the numbers of FY 1992 State
enforcement actions are based on numbers of actions
that have been reported to FRDS.
The majority of State enforcement actions taken in
FY 1992 were administrative orders (73 percent).
Bilateral compliance agreements (BCAs) made up 22
percent of the State enforcement actions taken in FY
1992. Civil referrals to State Attorneys General
comprised 4 percent of State actions.
The number of notices of violation (NOVs) issued in
FY 1992 was tower than in FY t99t because several
Regions issued a large number of NOVs as part of their
FY 1991 special enforcement initiatives.
During FY 1992, the number of proposed
administrative orders (PAOs). final administrative orders
(FAOs), complaints for penalty (CFPs) and active cases
rose by 21 percent from FY 1991 In addition, EPA
increased its use of Section 1431 emergency orders by 50
percent.
The majority of Federal enforcement actions taken in
FY 1992 were NOVs (61 percent). PAOs and FAOs
made up 22 percent and 14 percent, respectively, of the
Federal enforcement actions taken. CFPs and civil or
criminal litigation comprised 2 percent of the Federal
actions. Section 1431 orders accounted for the remainder
of the Federal actions.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
fY 1992 National Compliance Report
-------
Enforcement (cont.)
State & Federal Enforcement Actions: FY 1992
REGION
Bilateral Compliant* Agraamanta
AdflrinbtrattvaOntori
Civil Rafanrala
Criminal Caaaa Fllad
TOTAL STATE ACTIONS1
NottoM of Violation
Propoaad Admlnlatrtttva Ordara
Final Admlnlatrallva Oidara
Ejmargancy Ordara
Complaints for Panalty
Actlva Caaaa*
TOTAL FEDERAL ACTIONS3
1
7
43
0
0
50
53
9
2
1
0
7
~n
H
42
418
0
0
460
20
134
33
0
2
1
190
III
31
26
0
1
58
219
21
11
0
0
1
252
IV
27
102
29
0
158
160
32
25
1
2
0
220
V
18
18
2
0
38
144
27
14
0
4
1
190
VI
31
133
6
15
185
461
218
173
0
13
3
868
VII
55
223
10
0
288
3
4
5
2
1
0
15
VIII
13
6
4
0
23
248
32
32
4
10
6
332
IX
2
3
0
0
5
84
28
26
0
0
0
138
X
77
37
0
4
118
93
34
31
1
0
0
159
National
Totals
303
1.009
51
20
1,383
1.485
539
352
9
32
19
2,436
•Sooro«FRDS 17 (1/15/93)
'Actv* IMMM any C«M *MI WM referred. temgMgatod. or§**ed OttM 19 active caw* dumg FY 1992.13
cntnmt c*Mt
•SouiD* PWSS EnlwcwMnl AcMy Report tor FY 1992
uvtf CAM* (6 new retenals and 7 cattts m pfogress). ant) 6 wuiu
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1992 NaUanal Compttance Report
-------
Enforcement (cont.)
The graph below shows the total number of State and Federal actions from FY 1989 to FY 1992. The high number of
Federal actions in FY 1991 was due to the large number of NOVs issued as part of special enforcement initiatives in
several Regions. FY 1992 was a record year for the number of PAOs, FAOs, CFPs, and active cases, increasing by 21
percent from FY 1991. '
State and Federal Enforcement Trends
FY 1989 -1992
3.225
0
1989
2.436
383
•Stale Enforcement Actions1
- Federal Enlorcemenl Actions'
I
1990
1991
• 1992
Fiscal Year
•Sun enforcement actions include Matoral compliance agreemento. Stale adminisfcakve orders. QM! referrals, and cnmmal cases Mud
'Federal enforcement acton* include noeces o< vtoUmn. Federal propoted and inal admimstaixa orders, emergency oiduis. complaints lor penalty, and acovu casus
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
f Y J 992 National Compliance Report
66
-------
PWSS Compliance
and Enforcement
Program Direction
-------
PWSS Compliance and Enforcement Program Direction
FY1992
In FY 1992. EPA and the States took several actions
to strengthen their enforcement programs. These
initiatives included:
• Increased emphasis on data quality and timeliness
of reporting to PROS
• Continued implementation of a new data
verification protocol to identify problems in
compliance determination and reporting data to
FRDS - data verifications were conducted in 12
States in FY 1992
• Increased use of NOVs in several EPA Regions to
systems in violation
• Development of a strategy for enforcing
requirements of Surface Water Treatment and
Lead and Copper Rule
• Conference of State Attorneys General, State
Drinking Water Administrators, and EPA to focus
attention on the drinking water enforcement program
• Development of an Enforcement Management
System (EMS)
• Issuance of guidance on the use of EPA's
emergency authorities under Section 1431 of the
SDWA.
FY 1993 and Beyond
EPA and the States will continue to work on
strengthening their program in FY 1993 and beyond
Expected initiatives include:
• Development of Region-specific plans to improve
enforcement programs
• Continued work to improve the accuracy and
completeness of FRDS data, including follow up on
data verifications conducted in FY 1991 and FY
1992
• Initiatives to enforce new regulations, especially
the Surface Water Treatment and Lead and
Copper Rules
• Increased use of EPA's Section 1431 authorities in
accordance with guidance issued in FY 1992
• Implementation of EMS
• Increased emphasis on civil judicial actions (largest
penalty of $67,000 was obtained against a PWS m
FY1992)
• Additional analysis of State enforcement programs
• Development of a formal inspection program
lite National Public Water System Supervision Program
fY J 992 National Comptiance Report
/',*/«* t>0
-------
Appendix
-------
List of Tables and Charts
Public Water System Inventory 9
PWS Size Categories 10
Community Water Systems: Primary Source and Population Served n
Community Water Systems: Total Systems. Total Population Served 12
Nontransient Noncommunrry Water Systems: Primary Source and Population Served 13
Nontransient Nonoommunily Water Systems: Total Systems, Total Population 14
Transient Noncommunity Water Systems: Primary Source and Population Served 15
Transient Noncommunrty Water Systems: Total Systems, Total Population ..._: IG
CWS Compliance Status, FY1986-1992 18
NTNCWS Compliance Status, FY1989-1992 18
Community Water Systems ComplianceTrends.FY 1986-1992 20
Community Water Systems in Violation, FY 1992 21
Community Water Systems' in Violation by Contaminant Group, FY 1992 23
Population Served/Number of CWSs in Violation by System Size. FY 1992- 25
Percentages by System Size of CWSs in Violation and Population Served by CWSs in Violation. F Y 1992 26
Percent of CWSs in Violation by Region, FY 1992 27
Percent ol Population Served by CWSs in Violation by Region, FY 1992 28
Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems in Violation, FY 1992 . 30
Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems in Violation by Contaminant Group, FY 1992 31
Population Served/Number of NTNCWSs in Violation by System Size, FY 1992 33
Percentages by System Size of NTNCWSs in Violation and Population Served by NTNCWSs in Violation 34
The National Public Water System Supeivtalon Program p*9* /0
FY 1992 Nattanat Compltanm Report
-------
List of Tables and Charts (cont)
Percent of NTNCWSs in Violation by Region. FY 1992 35
Percent of Population Served by NTNCWSs in Violation by Region, FY 1992 36
Transient NoncommunHy Water Systems in Violation. FY 1992 37
SNC Definitions 40
SNC Trends (Historical) 42
SNC Trends from FY 1991 to FY 1992 . 43
CWSs in Violation - 44
NTNCWSs in Violation 45
TNCWSs in Violation 46
CWS M/T SNCs and Percentage of CWS M/T SNCs to Total CWSs by System Size. FY 1992 47
NTNCWS M/T SNCs and Percentage of NTNCWS M/T SNCs to Total NTNCWSs by System Size. FY 1992 48
TNCWS M/T SNCs and Percentage of TNCWS M/T SNCs to Total TNCWSs by System Size. FY 1992 49
CWS C/R SNCs and Percentage of CWS C/R SNCs to Total CWSs by System Size, FY 1992 50
NTNCWS C/R SNCs and Percentage of NTNCWS C/R SNCs to Total NTNCWSs by System Size, FY 1992 51
TNCWS C/R SNCs and Percentage of TNCWS C/R SNCs to Total TNCWSs by System Size, FY 1992 52
Chemical/Radiological MCL SNCs By Contaminant Violated and Type of PWS 53
Total Number of SNCs by Region, FY 1992, 54
Number of CWS SNCs by Region, FY 1992_ 55
Population Served by CWS SNCs by Region, FY 1992 56
Number of NTNCWS SNCs by Region. FY 1992 57
Population Served by NTNCWS SNCs by Region, FY 1992 58
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1992 Notional Compliance Report
-------
List of Tables and Charts (cont)
Number of TNCWS SNCSs by Region, FY 1992 — 59
Population Served by TNCWS SNCs by Region, FY 1992 _ __ 60
Timely and Appropriate Actions - Resolution ol SNCs 62
Timely and Appropriate Actions • Resolution of Exceptions 62
State & Federal Enforcement Actions, FY 1992 _ 65
State & Federal Enforcement Trends, FY 1989 -1992_ 66
The National Public Water System Supervision Program * P<*9"
FY 1992 National Compliance Report
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