EPA 600-2-86-093
INCINERATOR AND CEMENT KILN CAPACITY
FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT
by
Gregory A. Vogel
Alan S. Goldfarb
Robert E. Zier
Andrew Jewell
The MITRE Corporation
McLean, Virginia 22102
Contract Number 68-03-3159
Project Officer
Mr. Ivars Licis
Incineration Research Branch
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
HAZARDOUS WASTE ENGINEERING RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publicatioi
Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trac
names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
ii
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FOREWORD
Today's rapidly developing and changing technologies, industrial products
and practices frequently carry with them the Increased generation of solid and
hazardous wastes. These materials, if improperly dealt with, can threaten both
public health and the environment. Abandoned waste sites and accidental releases
of toxic and hazardous substances to the environment also have important environ-
mental and public health implications. The Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Laboratory assists in providing an authoritative and defensible engineering basis
for assessing and solving these problems. Its products support the policies,
programs, and regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency, the permitting
and other responsibilities of State and local governments and the needs of both
large and small businesses in handling their wastes responsibly and economically.
This report describes the potential incinerator and cement kiln capacities
for burning hazardous waste. These capacity estimates are to be used by EPA's
Office of Solid Waste (OSW) in determining Implementation decisions under the
1984 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Amendment. These decisions
focus on allowing the postponement of landfilllng bans for certain chemical
substances if insufficient Incineration or other high temperature destruction
process capacity is available.
This information is specifically provided for the personnel in OSW charged
with making these decisions as well as the EPA permit writers in both State
and Federal Agencies. Additionally, Incinerator manufacturers, owners, and
operators should find this information helpful In making plans for their future
activities.
For further information, please contact the Alternative Technologies Division
of the Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory.
Thomas R. Hauser, Director
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
iii
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ABSTRACT
Estimates of incinerator and cement kiln capacities for
hazardous waste treatment are required to evaluate the impacts of
banning land disposal of hazardous wastes. RCRA Part B permit
applications were reviewed to obtain information about incinerator
design capacity, utilization and the incinerated hazardous wastes.
MITRE identified 221 Incinerators within the RCRA regulatory program
that are presently destroying approximately two million metric tons
of hazardous waste annually. The unused potential capacity of these
units is estimated to be one million metric tons of waste per year.
The Congressional Budget Office estimates that 265.3 million metric
tons of hazardous waste are generated annually.
MITRE estimates that the annual hazardous waste treatment
capacity available in cement kilns between two and six million
metric tons. Less than five percent of the potential hazardous
waste treatment capacity in cement kilns has been permitted under
RCRA. Factors affecting this low utilization include the large
geographic distances separating some major waste generation sites
from cement kilns, marginal economic benefits, and the uncertainty
of some kiln operators about regulatory requirements.
iv
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF TABLES lv
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
/
1.1 Approach 1
1.2 Summary of Findings 1
2.0 HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATOR CAPACITY 3
2.1 Incinerator and Waste Characteristics 3
2.2 Data Sources 4
2.3 Data Summary and Capacity Estimate . 6
3.0 CEMENT KILN CAPACITY 15
3.1 Potential Waste Destruction Capacity 15
3.2 Waste Characteristics 18
3.3 Present Waste Destruction Capacity 21
4.0 UPDATE OF THE HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATOR
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 23
4.1 Identification of Manufacturers 23
4.2 Summary of Information Provided by Manufacturers 23
4.3 Incinerator Capacity Information 25
5.0 REFERENCES 29
APPENDIX A - COMPUTERIZED DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A-l
APPENDIX B - HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS B-l
APPENDIX C - CEMENT KILN LOCATIONS AND PRODUCT CAPACITIES C-l
APPENDIX D - HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATOR MANUFACTURERS D-l
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Number Page
2-1 HAZARDOUS WASTE AND INCINERATOR
APPLICABILITY MATRIX 5
2-2 NUMBER OF INCINERATORS AND THE TOTAL
DESIGN CAPACITIES WITHIN EPA REGIONS 8
2-3 ESTIMATION OF AVAILABLE INCINERATOR
CAPACITY BY INCINERATOR DESIGN 10
2-4 SUMMARY OF WASTE CHARACTERISTICS 12
2-5 WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND ANNUAL AMOUNT
BURNED FOR EACH INCINERATOR DESIGN 13
3-1 CEMENT KILN CAPACITIES BY PROCESS TYPE 17
3-2 ESTIMATED CEMENT KILN CAPACITY IN MAJOR
WASTE GENERATING STATES IN 1983 19
3-3 RANGE OF ACCEPTABLE WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
FOR DESTRUCTION IN CEMENT KILNS 20
4-1 NUMBER OF HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS
BUILT IN THE UNITED STATES BY DOMESTIC
MANUFACTURERS FROM 1981-1985 24
4-2 TOTAL NUMBER OF HAZARDOUS WASTE INCIN-
ERATORS BUILT IN THE UNITED STATES BY
DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS FROM 1969-1985 24
4-3 NINETEEN EIGHTY-FIVE MANUFACTURERS BY
INCINERATOR TYPES 26
4-4 THERMAL RATINGS OF NEW HAZARDOUS WASTE
INCINERATOR TYPES AS REPORTED BY MANU-
FACTURERS 27
vi
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Protection Agency has been authorized to ban
the land disposal of hazardous wastes under the Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act (RCRA). If insufficient capacity exists to
dispose of banned wastes using alternative treatment technologies,
EPA is authorized to delay the effective date of such a ban. Incin-
eration and thermal destruction of specific wastes in cement kilns
and incinerators are preferred to land disposal. EPA requested that
MITRE prepare an estimate of incinerator and kiln capacity.
1.1 Approach
The purpose of this study is to estimate the potential
hazardous waste destruction capacities of incinerators and cement
kilns beyond current utilization. Between 1980 and 1982 The MITRE
Corporation conducted several studies of domestic hazardous waste
incinerator manufacturers, owners and operators.t1*2' The infor-
mation from these studies and new data obtained from RCRA Part B
permit applications under this task were used to estimate Inciner-
ator capacity.
Incinerator capacity estimates are presented in Chapter 2.0. A
matrix is developed to match selected waste characterictics with the
appropriate incineration technology. A computerized data management
system permits sorting and retrieving information in accordance with
the waste-incinerator matrix. The significance of several such
retrievals with respect to prohibiting land disposal of some wastes
is discussed.
Since MITRE had no previous information regarding cement kiln
capacities, new data were gathered from sources throughout the
industry. Estimates of cement kiln capacities and current utili-
zation for hazardous waste destruction are presented in Chapter 3.0.
An update of the manufacturers study conducted by The MITRE
Corporation In 1981 is presented in Chapter 4.0 of this report.
1.2 Summary of Findings
MITRE identified 221 hazardous waste incinerators in the RCRA
regulatory program. As a result of this study, it was found that
the total design capacity of these units is approximately three
million metric tons of hazardous waste per year and slightly more
than two million metric tons of waste are burned annually. A
typical incinerator operates at two-thirds of its design capacity,
leaving approximately one million tons of unused hazardous waste
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capacity available annually. Half of the available capacity is
suitable for burning halogenated wastes. Nearly all of the
available capacity is suitable for burning liquid wastes. Up to
one-third of the available capacity is suitable for burning solid
wastes.
Aqueous, corrosive wastes (identified by EPA waste code D002 in
40 CFR 261.21) are burned in the greatest quantity, accounting for
29 percent of the two million metric tons of incinerated hazardous
wastes. These wastes are likely to be contaminated wastewaters
having a low or a high pH and little value as a fuel. Approximately
eight percent of the wastes are ignitable (D001), eight percent are
reactive (D003) and five percent are spent halogenated solvents
(FOOD. Forty-six (46) percent of incinerated hazardous wastes are
halogenated. The average heating value of incinerated hazardous
wastes is 8,582 Btu per pound (19,948 Joules per gram) and the
average water content is 50 percent.
Data on cement kiln production capacities were obtained and
verified from sources within the industry. Annual cement production
capacities and typical hazardous waste burning parameters were used
to estimate the potential waste destruction capacity in cement
kilns. The estimates range from 2.27 to 6.05 million metric tons of
waste based on current practices. Approximately 60,000 to 90,000
metric tons of hazardous waste are presently being destroyed in
cement kilns, which represents only a small fraction of their
potential capacity.
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2.0 HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATOR CAPACITY
In order to accurately estimate incinerator capacities for
selected hazardous wastes, the waste and incinerator characteristics
that govern technology selection for safe and efficient waste
destruction were identified. A specific matrix of waste and
incinerator characteristics indicating successful technology appli-
cations is presented in Section 2.1. These characteristics guided
data collection efforts, and the development of a computerized data
base to assemble and retrieve capacity information. The elements
of the data base are Identified in the discussion of incinerator and
waste characteristics. The operation and structure of the data base
are explained in Appendix A. The data collection effort is described
in Section 2.2. Incinerator capacity estimates and data summaries
are presented in Section 2.3.
2.1 Incinerator and Waste Characteristics
The incinerator design and the presence of air pollution control
equipment were determined to be the most important characteristics
governing the selection of an appropriate incinerator to destroy a
hazardous waste. Other incinerator characteristics such as com-
bustion zone temperature, gas residence time, waste atomization
and turbulence are also significant, but consideration of these
factors is beyond the scope of this effort. In addition, this study
focuses on facilities that have submitted Fart B permit
applications, indicating that compliance with the RCRA regulatory
performance requirements is either anticipated or demonstrated and
that analysis of the other characteristics may not be required.
Incinerator designs are classified by the primary combustion
chamber. The five major designs include rotary kilns, liquid
Injection incinerators, fume incinerators, hearths and fluidized
beds. Other designs, including infrared units, molten salt
combustors, fluid wall reactors, drum reconditioning furnaces and
other thermal devices, account for very little of the present
incinerator capacity. All types of incinerators may be equipped
with a liquid injection port or atomizer in addition to other waste
feed devices. The capabilities and restrictions inherent in each of
the five major designs are discussed later.
Incinerator air pollution control equipment refers to
partlculate and acid gas removal equipment such as scrubbers, ab-
sorbers, baghouses and precipitators. Afterburners are not
considered as air pollution control equipment for the purposes of
this study. The presence of any single air pollution control device
was recorded
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during data collection. In actual practice, details of equipment
design and operation should be known prior to incinerating any new
waste. The broad scope of this study prohibited such detailed
analysis.
Knowledge of the following waste characteristics assists in
selecting an appropriate incineration technology:
• Physical state
• Heat content or heating value
• Halogen content
• Solids content
• Water content
The significance of these waste and incinerator characteristics is
illustrated in Table 2-1. The waste characteristics are listed in
the left column and the incinerator types are listed across the
table. The matrix may be used to direct wastes that are presently
landfllled to the appropriate Incineration technology. Suitable
applications are indicated by the appropriate range of values for
each waste characteristic. As an illustration, sludges with halogen
contents greater than two percent and a solids content greater than
0.5 percent can be incinerated in rotary kilns and hearths equipped
with air pollution control equipment, but the wastes must be
filtered and heated, if necessary, to ensure proper atomization in
liquid injection incinerators equipped with air pollution control
equipment.
2.2 Data Sources
All facilities operating hazardous waste incinerators after
19 November 1980 were required to file RCRA Part A permit applica-
tions. The hazardous waste incineration facilities included within
the scope of this study have filed RCRA Part A permit applications
and the Part A information has been verified.
RCRA Part B permit applications are presently being received
by the EPA regional offices. The Part B information requirements
are much more detailed than the Part A applications. The Part B
applications and trial burn results are reviewed at the EPA regional
offices or by offices within states authorized by EPA. Permits to
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TABLE 2-1
HAZARDOUS HASTE AND INCINERATOR APPLICABILITY MATRIX
INDICATING RANGES OF ACCEPTABLE VALUES
Waste Characteristics
Liquid
Injection
Rotary
Kiln
Incinerator Type
I.
Hearth Fume
Cement
Kiln
Heating Value, Btu/lb
Halogen Content, percent
Solids Content, percent
Water Content, percent
0-20,000 2,000-20,000 2,000-20,000 5,000-20,000 8,000-18,000
<0.52
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
<0.52
0-60
^•Acceptable upper limit can Increase to 80 percent with the Installation of proper pollution
abatement equipment.
2May be achieved by filtering. Kinematic viscosity must be less than 750 Standard Saybolt Units
(SSU).
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Incinerate hazardous wastes are issued or denied based on
evaluations of the Part B applications and trial burn results.
MITRE visited four EPA regional offices to obtain information from
incinerator Part B applications.
Seventeen Part B applications were reviewed at the Region 2
offices, 17 applications were reviewed at Region 3 offices, 30
applications were reviewed at Region 4, and 38 applications were
reviewed at Region 5. The status of incinerators at other regional
offices was determined -through data verification forms for the
Incineration Permitting Study conducted by A.T. Kearney, Inc. of
Alexandria, Virginia. These forms were completed during November
and December 1985. In addition, offices in California, Louisiana
and Texas were contacted to verify permit status data.
The following data sources provided information about
incinerators for which Part B permit applications were not reviewed:
• MITRE telephone survey to verify Part A permit application
information^1)
• MITRE site visit reports for 15 hazardous waste incineration
facilities
• EPA site visit reports for 9 hazardous waste incineration
facilities (non-confidential portions only)
• Responses to the EPA Office of Solid Waste Hazardous Waste
Incinerator Questionnaire—90 responses were reviewed and
70 had data useful to this study
• 32 state permits from Louisiana and Texas
• A study of the composition of 104 selected hazardous waste
streams(8)
Most supplementary Information was obtained from the telephone logs
used to prepare Reference 1. Data for 173 Incinerators were obtained
from this source. In the cases where both Part B and telephone log
data were available for an incinerator, agreement among the two
sources was generally observed.
2.3 Data Summary and Capacity Estimate
This section contains a summary of hazardous waste incinerator
permit status, design features and waste characteristics. A list of
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the 276 facilities having the 350 incinerators studied during this
project is presented in Appendix B. Ten percent, or 34
incinerators, of these incinerators have RCRA operating permits or
permits to construct an incineration facility. Part B permit
applications are being reviewed for 55 percent, or 187 of the
units. EPA has requested the submission of all incinerator permit
applications so that this number is not expected to significantly
Increase except for new construction.
Permit applications for approximately 30 percent, or 99 units,
of the incinerators identified by MITRE have been withdrawn.
Permits are withdrawn if the incinerator ceases operation, no longer
burns hazardous waste, or burns hazardous wastes that have been
delisted. Most Incinerators have ceased operation through voluntary
action, although a few have been closed through regulatory
enforcement. The statistics indicate that incinerators for which
permit applications have been withdrawn are generally smaller than
the average design capacity.
The permit status of ten percent, or 34 units, of the potential
hazardous waste incinerators identified by MITRE is unknown. Many
of these incinerators are located in Texas, where many permit
applications have recently been received. The applications had not
been reviewed to determine whether an incinerator is listed among
the waste treatment methods for which a permit is sought in time for
inclusion in this report.
This report focuses on the capacity of the 221 incinerators
that are in the RCRA regulatory program. For the record, MITRE
projects the design capacity of the 99 incinerators that have
withdrawn from the RCRA program to be 1.4 billion Btu/hr based on
data available for 98 percent of the units. MITRE also projects the
capacity of the 34 incinerators of unknown status to be 1.6 billion
Btu/hr based on information available for 72 percent of the units.
The incinerator design capacities for the 221 units that are
permitted or have filed an application are summarized in Table 2-2
by EPA regions to indicate geographic distribution. For the
approximately 87 percent of facilities reporting capacity data, the
total reported design capacity is 6.28 billion Btu/hr. Extrapolating
this statistic to include all 221 incinerators in the RCRA
regulatory program, the projected national capacity is 7.2 billion
Btu/hr, which is equivalent to approximately three million metric
tons of hazardous waste per year. Approximately half of the
incinerators in the RCRA regulatory program are located in EPA
Regions 5 and 6.
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TABLE 2-2
NUMBER OF INCINERATORS AND THEIR
DESIGN CAPACITIES WITHIN EPA REGIONS
EPA
REGION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7-10
Total
NUMBER OF
INCINERATORS
REPORTING
DATA TOTAL
3
27
19
36
42
53
13
193
4
30
21
38
44
64
20
221
DESIGN
CAPACITY
(Million Btu/hr)
REPORTED PROJECTED
22.0
524.1
386.4
979.7
1,957.3
1,986.0
425.9
6,281.4
55
623
453
1,046
2,023
2,350
657
7,207
PERCENT
OF TOTAL
CAPACITY
-
REPORTED PROJECTED
0.4
8.2
6.2
15.6
31.2
31.6
6.8
100
0.8
8.6
6.3
14.5
28.1
32.6
9.1
100
oo
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The incinerator capacities are itemized by incinerator design
in Table 2-3. The average design capacities are based on data
reported for approximately 70 percent of the projected number of
RCRA units. The number of data base records listed as the source of
the values in Table 2-3 and subsequent tables is not the same as the
number of incinerators. The information on the 221 RCRA incinerators
is contained in 162 records resulting from multiple incinerators
existing at some facilities. Rotary kilns have the largest average
capacity and are most likely to have air pollution control equipment.
The relatively high utilization of rotary kilns is expected because
of their high equipment cost. Utilization of liquid injection
incinerators is relatively low and less than half are equipped with
air pollution control equipment. Many of these units are operated
Intermittently as needed. The average design capacity for fume
Incinerators in Table 2-3 represents only the liquid destruction
capability; Installed units have additional capacity to burn fumes.
The high utilization results from Integration of fume incinerators
with continuously operating production processes. Hearth
incinerators have the smallest average capacity and the lowest
incidence of air pollution control equipment installation.
The available capacity estimates in Table 2-3 are calculated by
multiplying the number of units by the average design capacity by
one minus the utilization. The total available capacity estimate of
2.38 billion Btu/hr is roughly equivalent to 900,000 to one million
metric tons of waste a year using a waste heating value of 9000 Btu
per pound and annual operating schedules ranging from 7400 to 7900
hours as conversion factors. Halogenated wastes could use half of
the available capacity because half of the incinerators are equipped
with air pollution control devices. Most incinerator air pollution
control systems include scrubbers. The average capacity of
incinerators with air pollution control equipment approximately
equals the average capacity of those without such equipment.
Approximately 350,000 metric tons of available capacity exist for
solid waste destruction in rotary kilns and hearths.
Information for 26 commercial Incinerators is included in the
data summaries for the 221 units in the RCRA program. Commercial
incinerators are defined as units for which the owners are known to
or intending to, advertise that they will accept wastes from '
off-site generators for incineration at a fee. Private arrangements
to incinerate wastes generated off-site for a fee would not be
classified as commercial under this definition. The design capacity
of the commercial Incinerators that are permitted or have filed
applications totals 781,000 metric tons of waste annually. However,
34 percent of this capacity has not yet been constructed. The
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TABLE 2-3
ESTIMATION OF AVAILABLE INCINERATOR CAPACITY BY INCINERATOR DESIGN
(Number of data base records used to obtain averages are in parentheses)
INCINERATOR
DESIGN
Rotary Kiln
Liquid Injection
Fume
Hearth
Other
Total or
Average Values
NUMBER OF
UNITS
REPORTED PROJECTED
42 45
95 101
25 26
32 34
14 15
208 221
REPORTED
AVERAGE DESIGN
CAPACITY
(Million Btu/hr)
61.37 (30)
. 26.26 (74)
33.14 (23)
22.75 (24)
19.29 (3)
32.37 (154)
REPORTED
UTILIZATION
(Percent)
77 (9)
55 (33)
94 (13)
62 (16)
~ (0)
67 (71)
PROJECTED
AVAILABLE
CAPACITY
(Million Btu/hr)
635
1284
52
294
95
2360
PERCENT WITH
AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL EQUIPMENT
90
42
40
38
—
50
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utilization of commercial Incinerators Is generally regarded as
confidential business Information but is probably not significantly
different from the utilization of private units. Nearly all commer-
cial Incinerators have air pollution control equipment.
Information about the characteristics of incinerated wastes
were obtained for approximately 81 percent of permitted incinerators
and those for which applications have been filed. These facilities
indicated that 1.72 million metric tons of hazardous wastes are
destroyed annually. An. annual volume of 2.1 million metric tons for
all 221 incinerators in the RCRA program may be extrapolated from
these statistics. This estimate correlates with the design capacity
estimate of three million metric tons and the average utilization of
67 percent presented In Table 2-3.
The waste incinerated In the greatest amount is identified by
EPA waste code D002, accounting for 29 percent of the weight of
wastes Incinerated under the RCRA program. Approximately 8 percent
of the wastes are D001, 8 percent are 0003, 5 percent are FOOl and
the remainder of the wastes are P, U and other F codes. The charac-
teristics of these coded wastes are summarized in Table 2-4.
Approximately 32 percent of the DO01 wastes contain halogens
and the average halogen content of those wastes is 17.0 percent. If
non-halogenated DO01 wastes are Included In the average, the average
halogen content is 4.2 percent. All of the average values in
Table 2-4 are based on non-zero data entries; default values of zero
for waste parameters are not included in the averages. The D002
corrosive wastes are primarily aqueous spent caustic and acidic
solutions with no halogen content. The halogen content of DO03
reactive wastes is similar to the DO01 waste; 29 percent of the
wastes are halogenated and the average halogen content is 12.3
percent. The average halogen content of FOOl spent halogenated
solvents is 54.1 percent.
The average heating value of the reported wastes is 8,582 Btu
per pound. Forty-six percent by weight of the wastes are halogen-
ated with an average halogen content of 33.2 percent. The average
solids content of the reported wastes is 7.9 percent and the average
water content is 50.5 percent.
Waste characteristics and the amounts incinerated are
summarized In Table 2-5 for each type of incinerator. The average
halogen content is calculated for only halogenated wastes; the
average value for all wastes would be significantly lower. The
waste quantity data in Table 2-5 may be compared with the inciner-
ator design capacity data in Table 2-3. From such a mathematical
11
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TABLE 2-4
SUMMARY OF WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
(Number of data base records used to obtain averages are In parentheses)
EPA WASTE
NUMBER
D001
0002
D003
P001
Average of all
D, F, P and U
Code Wastes
OCCURRENCES
84
17
17
9
AVERAGE
HEATING VALUE
(Btu per pound)
8498 (72)
3711 (9)
7140 (12)
5369 (8)
8582 (210)
AVERAGE
HALOGEN
CONTENT OF
HALOGENATED
WASTES
(Percent)
17.0 (27)
0 (10)
12.3 (5)
54.1 (8)
33.2 (97)
PERCENT
OF WASTES
THAT ARE
HALOGENATED
32
0
29
100
46
AVERAGE
SOLIDS
CONTENT
(Percent)
5.5 (22)
6.4 (5)
11.0 (8)
1.0 (7)
7.9 (66)
AVERAGE
WATER
CONTENT
(Percent)
49.1 (54)
89.9 (14)
59.5 (11)
15.5 (3)
50.5 (117)
Basis: 178 incinerators reporting some waste composition data.
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TABLE 2-5
WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND ANNUAL AMOUNT BURNED FOR EACH INCINERATOR DESIGN
(Number of data base records used to obtain averages are In parentheses)
INCINERATOR
DESIGN
Rotary Kiln
Liquid Injection
Fune with Liquid
Injection
Hearth
AVERAGE HEATING
VALUE OF WASTES
(Btu per pound)
8034 (38)
9106 (74)
6673 (30)
9817 (43)
AVERAGE HALOGEN
CONTENT OF
HALOGENATED WASTES
(Percent)
23.2 (31)
31.6 (36)
59.5 (13)
21.8 (13)
Tota]
AMOUNT INCINERATED
ANUALLY
(Metric Tons)
250,800 (41)
862,600 (93)
119,600 (35)
489,800 (44)
L 1,722,800
PERCENT OF
TOTAL AMOUNT
INCINERATED
15
50
7
28
Basis: 177 incinerators reported waste aaounts.
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analysis, it appears that although the utilization of rotary kilns
is high, they are generally fired with hazardous waste at signifi-
cantly less than their rated capacity. Many rotary kilns also burn
trash and non-hazardous wastes so that a low hazardous waste firing
rate may be expected. Hearth units burn 28 percent of the reported
hazardous waste annually while their design capacity is only 9 per-
cent of the total, indicating that hearth throughputs are higher
than their design ratings. However, the average heating value of
wastes burned in hearths appears to be higher than current practice
indicates and may be biased by the data sample. The design capacity
and waste throughput would correlate if the average heating value
were 5,000 Btu per pound.
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3.0 CEMENT KILN CAPACITY
Cement kilns can be adapted to burn liquid wastes as a fuel
supplement. Most kilns formerly burned fuel oil but have been
converted to burn coal because of the increase in fuel oil prices
over the last ten years. The Installation of a liquid waste Injec-
tor would be similar to a fuel conversion.
Hazardous waste destruction in cement kilns has been
recommended in several-studies because the following character-
istics of the cement production process promote waste oxidation and
emission control:
• Cement clinker production requires the maintenance of
temperatures greater than 1900°F in the kiln.
• Combustion gas residence times in the kilns range from 2
to 10 seconds, which are theoretically sufficient to ensure
waste destruction.
• Partlculate pollution control equipment exists on most
cement kilns.
• Acidic combustion gases and some metals react with alkaline
cement ingredients thereby improving the quality of the
cement and reducing pollution from the kiln.
The potential cement kiln capacity for hazardous waste
destruction is examined in Section 3.1. The characteristics of
wastes suitable for destruction in cement kilns are discussed In
Section 3.2. Present waste destruction activities In cement kilns
are summarized in Section 3.3.
3.1 Potential Waste Destruction Capacity
Based on information obtained from Reference 3 and several
sources in the cement Industry, MITRE estimates that the present
annual capacity for cement production in the United States and
Puerto Rico is 92.1 million tons. Cement production In 1983 was
71.3 million tons,'4) indicating a utilization rate of approxi-
mately 77 percent. MITRE identified 52 companies manufacturing
cement whereas the Portland Cement Association indicates that in
1982, 46 companies manufactured cement at 135 locations in 246
kilns.^5' MITRE was not able to reconcile the number of kilns and
locations, but the limited information available to MITRE support
the Portland Cement Association statistics. The cement companies,
15
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kiln locations and capacities identified by MITRE are presented In
Appendix C.
Cement is produced by wet and dry processes, depending on
whether the raw materials are reduced in size using water. The
current trend favors the dry process because less energy is required
than in the wet process where considerable amounts of water must be
evaporated and heated. A breakdown of cement production capacity by
process type and the associated energy consumption are shown in
Table 3-1.
Problems with kiln operation and increased particulate
emissions were encountered during a hazardous waste trial burn at
a dry process cement kiln in Canada.(6) Other tests at dry kilns
indicated that particulate emissions may or may not increase.^'
No difficulties have been encountered burning hazardous wastes in
wet kilns. For the purpose of estimating potential waste destruction
capacity, it is assumed that both wet and dry processes can be used.
Fuel requirements for cement kilns range from 3 million Btu per
ton of product for dry kilns to 6 million Btu per ton of product for
wet kilns. Using these generalizations, the annual energy require-
ment for cement kilns is estimated to be approximately 400 trillion
Btu. For the five cases of waste destruction in cement kilns
analyzed in Reference 5, the waste supplied between 10 and 60 per-
cent of the heat input. Other available waste heat input data are
within this range and a typical value is approximately 30 percent.
The heating values of wastes burned in cement kilns range from
8,000 to 18,000 Btu per pound based on current practice. The wastes
with low heating values are probably burned at low firing rates to
prevent kiln upsets. Wastes with high heating values similar to
fuels can replace large percentages of fuel input. Annual waste
capacities can be estimated knowing the total annual fuel input, the
replacement rate of fuel by hazardous waste, and the heating value
of the waste. Waste destruction capacities in cement kilns are
estimated below to Indicate a probable upper and lower bound and a
typical value:
Fuel Replacement
Rate
(Percent)
10
30
60
Waste Heating
Value
(Btu/lb)
8,000
12,000
18,000
Annual Cement Kiln
Waste Capacity
(Million of Metric tons)
2.27
4c54
6.05
16
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TABLE 3-1
CEMENT KILN CAPACITIES BY PROCESS TYPE
PROCESS
Wet kiln
Dry kiln
Both Wet and Dry
ANNUAL CEMENT CAPACITY
(Thousands of tons)
26,783
39,384
kilns
at sane location 17,172
Process Unknown
TOTALS
8.803
92,142
ESTIMATED
ENERGY USE RATE
(Million Btu per
ton of cement)
6
3
4.5
5
ESTIMATED ANNUAL
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
(Trillion Btu)
v
160.70
118.15
77.27
44.02
400.14
-------
Using the Congressional Budget Office estimates'^ of
265.3 million metric tons of hazardous waste, cement kilns have the
potential capacity to manage from 0.86 to 2.28 percent of the
hazardous wastes generated in the United States. Considering only
the chemicals industry wastes, 1.78 to 4.76 percent of the amount
generated in 1983 could be accommodated in cement kilns. The
percentages of wastes that could be destroyed in cement kilns in the
six states generating the largest annual quantities of hazardous
wastes are estimated in Table 3-2.
f
3.2 Waste Characteristics
Most of the wastes reported to have been burned in cement
kilns are either spent solvents, paint wastes or still bottoms from
solvent recovery operations. These liquid wastes contain metals
such as titanium, lead, chromium, manganese, zinc and barium. The
metals in the spent solvents come from metal cleaning operations
and the pigments in paint wastes. If these wastes were destroyed in
conventional hazardous wastes incinerators, high efficiency partleu-
late collection devices would be required to control the emission of
very fine metal oxide particles. In cement kilns, a limited amount
of metal oxides can be incorporated in the cement without affecting
the quality of the product and partlculate emissions are controlled
by existing fabric filters, electrostatic precipltators or other
high efficiency devices.
Cement kiln operators typically place limits on selected waste
characteristics to ensure a uniform high quality product. A summary
of the range of acceptable waste characteristics is presented in
Table 3-3 for the 12 cases of waste incineration in cement kilns
available to MITRE. Other important characteristics of acceptable
wastes include a sufficiently low viscosity to permit atomization
and being single-phase, non-volatile and non-corrosive to process
equipment. EPA hazardous waste streams identified in 40 CFR 261
with these characteristics include D001, D003, F003, F005 and F017.
From the limited information available to MITRE, D001 is the largest
volume waste. The quantity of DO01 waste burned in cement kilns is
probably greater than the combined quantities of the other wastes.
The principal organic hazardous constituents in these wastes are
typically toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, methylene chloride, and
trichloroethylene.
The destruction of solid wastes such as refuse derived fuel,
coal tar, coal mining wastes, and shredded tires in cement kilns has
been Investigated but is currently not practiced based on available
information. Solid wastes may be blended with the coal used to heat
the kiln. For the purposes of this report, the destruction of solid
wastes in cement kilns will not be evaluated as an option.
18
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TABLE 3-2
ESTIMATED CEMENT KILN CAPACITY IN MAJOR WASTE
GENERATING STATES IN 1983
STATE
Tezaa
Ohio
Pennsylvania
California
Illinois
Louisiana
GENERATED
HASTE AMOUNT
(Thousands of
metric tons)
34,866
19,692
18,260
17,284
14,873
14,810
CEMENT KILN
HASTE CAPACITY
(Thousands of
•etrlc tons)
624
89
361
676
97
43
KILN CAPACITY
AS A PERCENTAGE
OF HASTE AMOUNT
GENERATED IN-STATE
1.79
0.45
1.98
3.91
0.66
0.29
-------
TABLE 3-3
RANGE OF ACCEPTABLE WASTE CHARACTERISTICS FOR
DESTRUCTION IN CEMENT KILNS
Waste Parameter
Heating Value
Sulfur
Ash
Water
Chlorine
PH
Lead
Chromium
Zinc
Barium
Titanium
Mercury
Arsenic
Acceptable
8,000 Btu/lb to
1% to
5% to
1% to
3Z to
4 to
less than
1,500 to
1,000 to
less than
less than
less than
less than
Range
18,000 Btu/lb
3%
12%
10%
10%
11
4,000 ppm
3,000 ppm
3,000 ppm
3,000 ppm
6,000 ppm
10 ppm
10 ppm
It is interesting to note that the waste characteristics for
the Canadian cement kiln test^6' were significantly different
from the limits established by domestic kiln operators presented in
Table 3-3. The chlorine content of the waste in the Canadian test
was 40 percent compared to a domestic maximum of 10 percent and the
heating value of 6,000 Btu per pound is lower than the domestic
minimum of 8,000 Btu per pound. The high chlorine content of the
waste may have been responsible for some of the problems encountered
during the trial burn.
20
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3.3 Present Waste Destruction Capacity
The quantity of wastes destroyed in three permitted cement
kilns was obtained from the Economic Analysis Branch, Office of
Solid Waste, EPA. In 1983, the three kilns burned 21,741 metric
tons of hazardous waste. The Economic Analysis Branch has estimated
that 8 to 12 cement kilns have received hazardous waste storage
permits necessary to burn hazardous wastes. Extrapolating the known
waste destruction quantities for the three kilns provides estimates
of 58,000 metric tons destroyed in 8 kilns and 87,000 metric tons
destroyed in 12 kilns.
These estimates of the quantities of wastes currently destroyed
in cement kilns are one to four percent of the potential cement kiln
capacity estimated in Section 3.1. Subtracting the estimated
present waste destruction capacity from potential capacity yields
available capacity estimates for wastes that could be destroyed in
cement kilns ranging from 2.18 to 5.99 million metric tons per
year. The major barrier to using this capacity is the lack of
specific information that shows an overall economic benefit from
waste destruction in cement kilns.
Based on conversations with cement kiln operators, the
profitability of waste destruction in cement kilns is marginal.
Expenses include storage tank construction, burner modification,
additional monitoring equipment, operating and maintenance costs,
waste analyses and the cost of the hazardous waste which ranges from
10 to 70 cents per pound. Economic benefits Include the reduction
of fuel costs and the receipt of disposal fees. A major factor
affecting the decision to burn hazardous wastes is the expense
associated with obtaining a permit.
21
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22
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4.0 UPDATE OF THE HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
This section contains a summary of the numbers, types, and
characteristics of hazardous waste Incinerator systems currently
operating in the United States, based on information obtained from
Incinerator manufacturers. The information presented in this section
is an update of the previous MITRE effort conducted in 1981.CD The
new information gathered is integrated with the previous information
to present the status of the industry at this time.
/
4.1 Identification of Manufacturers
During May and June 1985, fifty-five Incinerator manufacturers
were contacted in order to determine those marketing hazardous waste
units. Attempts to contact an additional fifteen Incinerator manu-
facturers were unsuccessful. The manufacturers contacted were those
identified in Reference 1 and any additional firms Identified in:
• 1985 Chemical Engineering Catalog
• February 1985 Buyer's Guide, Solid Waste Management Magazine
• Directory and Resource Book, Air Pollution Control
Association.
Some of the manufacturers identified in Reference 1 are no
longer in the hazardous waste Incinerator business. The thirty-seven
companies that are still active or presumed active in the business
are listed in Appendix D of this report.
4.2 Summary of Information Provided by Manufacturers
Hazardous waste incinerator manufacturers were asked to provide
Information about the types of incinerators manufactured, the
approximate number of units sold between 1981 (the date of the
previous MITRE survey) and mid-1985, and design and operating
information. A summary of the information obtained is presented
in Table 4-1. One hundred and eleven incinerators of six different
types were reported constructed since 1981 by the 37 manufacturers
cooperating in the survey. The four major types of hazardous waste
Incinerators: hearth, liquid Injection, rotary kiln and fluldized
bed. Hearth incinerators Include fixed hearth, multiple chamber
hearth, pulse hearth, rotary hearth, and reciprocating grate units.
Liquid Injection is still the most prevalent type, with 51.4 percent
of the recent market, which is a smaller share than the 64 percent
shown in the 1981-82 data. Recent sales of both the pulse hearth
and the rotary hearth increased from 0.6 percent to
23
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TABLE 4-1
NUMBER OF HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS BUILT IN THE
UNITED STATES BY DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS FROM 1981-1985
TYPE OF
INCINERATOR
NEW
INCINERATORS
PERCENT OF
TOTAL
Liquid Injection
Hearth
Fixed Grate
Moving Grate
Rotary Grate
Rotary Kiln
Fluldized-Bed
Total
57
16
10
10
14
4
in
51.4
14.4
9.0
9.0
12.6
3.6
100.0
TABLE 4-2
TOTAL NUMBER OF HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS BUILT
IN THE UNITED STATES BY DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS FROM 1969-1985
TYPE
OF
INCINERATOR
NUMBER OF
MANUFACTURING
COMPANIES
(1981 1985)
INCINERATORS
CONSTRUCTED
PERCENT
OF
TOTAL
Liquid Injection
Hearth
Fixed Grate
Moving Grate
Rotary Grate
Rotary Kiln
Fluidized Bed
Salt Bath
Infrared Heating
Total
23
14
2
1
13
9
1
1
14
10
2
1
10
6
1
1
276
82
13
12
56*
13
0
1
453
60.9
18.1
2.9
2.6
12.4
2.9
0.2
100.0
24
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9 percent. The market share for fixed hearth incinerators decreased
to 14.4 percent from 17.3 percent and the fluidized-bed share
increased to 3.6 percent from 2.6 percent. The recent rotary kiln
market share remained relatively constant at 12.6 percent compared
to 12.3 percent earlier.
The information in Table 4-1 is combined with data from the
previous study in Table 4-2. Not all of the 453 incinerators have
remained in hazardous waste service; many have ceased operation or
switched to non-hazardous service. Liquid injection incinerators
are most prevalent, representing 60.9 percent of the total units
manufactured, hearth incinerators comprise 23.4 percent of the total,
and 12.4 percent of the Incinerators are rotary kilns. These three
types account for 97 percent of the units manufactured. A current
classification of incinerator manufacturers by the type of units
they sell is presented in Table 4-3.
Of the 57 companies identified as marketing hazardous waste
incinerators in Reference 1, 22 have either gone out of business,
left the hazardous waste incinerator business, or have put much less
emphasis on this activity. Only two new companies are pursuing this
market. Apparently many of the companies that were anticipating
large growth in the incinerator market in 1981 have abandoned the
business as a result of selling only a few or no incinerators since
that time. Of the 23 companies marketing liquid injection inciner-
ators in 1981, only 14 are marketing them now; of the 17 companies
offering rotary kiln incinerators in 1981, only 10 are doing so now;
and of the nine companies offering fluidized-bed incinerators in
1981, only six remain. Of the 12 hearth incinerator manufacturers
in 1981, 13 remain. Half of the companies offering innovative
incineration technology have left the marketplace.
Trane Thermal and John Zink have established strong market
positions in liquid injection incinerators, accounting for sales
of 55 percent of those units. C.E. Raymond has sold 52 percent
of the rotary kilns in service. Sales of hearth incinerators are
distributed evenly among the manufacturers. Six domestic manufac-
turers (C. E. Raymond, C&H Combustion, Fuller Company, Midland-Ross,
Shirco, and Sur-Lite) produce more than one type of incinerator.
4.3 Incinerator Capacity Information
Incinerator design information was obtained from interviews
with 23 Incinerator manufacturers during this survey and sales
literature provided by some of the companies. This discussion
focuses on incinerator design capacities and air pollution control
equipment.
25
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TABLE 4-3
1985 MANUFACTURERS BY INCINERATOR TYPES
Hearth Incinerators
Basic Environmental Engineering
Bayco '
Burn-Zol
Econo-Therm Energy Systems
Ecolaire ECP
Epcon Industrial Systems, Inc.
Midland-Ross
Therm-Tech
Washburn and Granger
Rotary Kiln Incinerators
CE Raymond
C&H Combustion
Environmental Elements (von Roll)
Fuller Company
Industronics
International Incinerators
Thermall, Inc.
Trofe Incineration
Vulcan Iron Works
U.S. Smelting Furnace
Liquid Injection Incinerators
Brule'
C&H Combustion
CE Raymond
CJS Energy Resources, Inc.
Coen
Entech Industrial Systems
Hirt Combustion
McGill
Peabody International
Prenco
Shirco
Sur-Lite
Trane Thermal
John Zink
Fluidized Bed Incinerators
CE Raymond
Copetech
Dorr Oliver
Fuller Company
GA Technologies
Sur-Lite
Other Types of Incinerators
Midland-Ross-Rotary Hearth
Pyro-Magnetics-Induction
Heating
Rockwell-Molten Salt
Shirco-Infrared
Design capacities of new incinerators expressed as thermal
input are presented in Table 4-4. New hearth incinerators have the
smallest average capacity of the three major types, with thermal
inputs ranging from 4 to 48 million Btu/hr. Rotary hearths can be
constructed with capacities ranging from 25 to 170 million Btu/hr
and one manufacturer of a pulse hearth design has built a unit with
a capacity of 48 million Btu/hr. Liquid injection and rotary kilns
have similar ranges of thermal capacities. Although the largest
26
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TABLE 4-4
THERMAL RATINGS OF NEW HAZARDOUS WASTE
INCINERATOR TYPES AS REPORTED BY MANUFACTURERS
INCINERATOR
TYPE
Liquid Injection
Hearth
Rotary Kiln
' RANGE OF
RATINGS
(106 Btu/hr)
4 - 200
4-48
0.5 - 100
AVERAGE
RATING
(106 Btu/hr)
56
20
44
NUMBER
REPORTING
CAPACITY
21
28
6
incinerator listed in Table 4-4 has a capacity of 200 million
Btu/hr, some manufacturers have received requests to bid on
facilities as large as 300 million Btu/hr. Such large facilities
may have several primary combustion chambers ducted to a common
secondary chamber.
Nearly all hazardous waste incinerators Installed since the
previous survey are equipped with some type of air pollution control
equipment. Generally, both gaseous and particulate emissions are
controlled, although some hazardous waste incinerators are not
equipped with any air pollution control equipment. Air pollution
control equipment is located downstream of any energy recovery
equipment and can consist of one or more of the following components:
• Quench chamber
• Particulate collection device
- Venturi scrubber
- Baghouse
- Electrostatic precipltator
- Cyclone
- Ionizing wet scrubber
27
-------
• Gas absorbing device
- Packed tower scrubber
- Plate or tray scrubber
- Spray tower scrubber
- Ionizing wet scrubber
• Mist eliminator
The application of high-efficiency partlculate equipment such as
baghouses and electrostatic precipitators on hazardous waste
incinerators is limited.
28
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5.0 REFERENCES
1. E. Keitz et al. Hazardous Waste Control Technology Data Base,
MTR-82W170, The MITRE Corporation, November 1982.
2. G. Vogel et al. Composition of Hazardous Waste Streams Currently
Incinerated, WP-83W00065, The MITRE Corporation, April 1983.
3. The American Cement Directory 1985, Published by The Bradley
Pulverizer Co., Allentown, Pennsylvania, June 1985.
4. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the U.S.
1985, 105th edition, Washington, D.C., 1985.
5. Background Information Document for Preparing a Regulatory
Impact Analysis of Burning Hazardous Wastes in Rotary Kilns,
9266.00/39A-D, Engineering Science, Fairfax, Virginia, June 1985.
6. L. MacDonald et al. Burning Waste Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in a
Cement Kiln, for Environmental Protection Service, Fisheries and
Environment Canada, Report No. EPS 4-WP-77-2, March 1977.
7. U.S. Congressional Budget Office. Hazardous Waste Management:
Recent Changes and Policy Alternatives, Washington, D.C., 1985.
8. S. Haus et al. Composition of Selected Hazardous Waste Streams,
WP-81W00465 Revision 1, The MITRE Corporation, November 1981.
29
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30
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APPENDIX A
COMPUTERIZED DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
A-l
-------
A-2
-------
The software chosen for this project was dBASE III (Ashton-Tate,
Version 1.1), database management system for the IBM PC or IBM
compatible microcomputer. dBASE III possesses all of the basic
management capabilities such as sorting, searching, adding,
deleting, editing, reporting, and other features to create the
database management standard for today's 16-bit microcomputers. A
rudimentary knowledge of dBASE III is essential for further
management of the databases that have been created and organized by
MITRE for this project.
t
Using dBASE III, MITRE has created two databases: (1) Inciner-
ators, dbf and (2) Wastes.dbf. Each data element (record) in Inciner-
ator s.dbf describes a company, its location, number of incinerators,
and appropriate incinerator characteristics. The structure of
Incinerators.dbf is as follows:
Field Field Name Description
1 COMPANY Company name
2 CITY City
3 STATE State
A FACILITYNO Facility number assigned by MITRE
5 ONSITE Incinerator destroys waste generated on-site
(Marked "X")
6 COMMERCIAL Incinerator destroys waste generated off-site
for a fee (Marked "X")
7 ROTARY Incinerator design - Rotary Kiln (Marked "X")
8 LIQUID Incinerator design - Liquid Injection
(Marked "X")
9 FUME Incinerator design - Fume (Marked "X")
10 HEARTH Incinerator design - Hearth (Marked "X")
11 CEMENT Incinerator design - Cement Kiln (Marked "X")
12 FLUIDIZED Incinerator design - Fluidized Bed (Marked
"X")
13 LIQUIDOPT Incinerator design - Liquid injection
capabilities (Marked "X")
14 OTHER Any other type of incinerator technology
(Marked "X")
15 DCAPACBTU Design capacity in millions Btu/hr
16 DCAPACLB Design capacity in Ibs/hr
17 DCAPACGAL Design capacity in gal/hr
18 UTILIZE Percent utilization
19 ACAPACBTU Available capacity in millions Btu/hr
20 ACAPACLB Available capacity in Ibs/hr
21 ACAPACGAL Available capacity in gal/hr
22 APCSYES Air pollution control system-YES (Marked "X")
A-3
-------
Field Field Name Description
23 APCSNO Mr pollution control system-NO
24 APCSUNK Air pollution control system-Unknown "
25 AHCYES Ash handling capability - YES (Marked "X")
26 AHCNO Ash handling capability - NO
27 AHCUNK Ash handling capability - Unknown
28 SCHEDULE Operating schedule in hrs/yr
29 PERMIT Permit status (A-approved, F-filed,
W-withdrawn, U-unknown)
30 NUMBERING Number of incinerators
31 SICCODE 1 First SIC code
32 SICCODE 2 Second SIC code
33 SICCODE 3 Third SIC code
34 SOURCE Data source (B-Part B, T-MITRE 1981 telephone
survey, Q-RIA questionnaire mailed by EPA)
35 EPAID EPA RCRA facility identification number
In addition to Indicating the incinerator design and the
presence of air pollution control equipment, data base elements
contain the other information described below. The name of the
company operating the incinerator, the location of the incinerator,
the EPA RCRA identification number and the SIC codes of the industry
generating the incinerated waste are recorded. Each incinerator is
identified as either commercial or private. Private Incinerators
serve only the company owning the unit whereas commercial units
destroy wastes from off-site sources for a fee. If more than one
Incinerator exists at a facility, the capacity and design informa-
tion entered in the remainder of the record is the sum of all incin-
erators of the same design. If incinerators of different designs
exist at one facility, separate records are used for each design.
The data element for the Incinerator design capacity indicates
the nameplate rating as a thermal input, mass feed rate or volume
feed rate. An incinerator may actually operate at throughputs
either higher or lower than the design capacity. All design
capacities were entered aa or converted to thermal Inputs (millions
of Btu per hour) using a waste heating value of 8,000 Btu per pound
and a density of 8.34 pounds per gallon if the actual heating value
and density are not specified.
Information about the incinerator operating schedule is entered
for estimating the unused capacity of each incinerator. The value
indicated by the owner or operator for annual hours of incinerator
operation is divided by a theoretical value for full-time operation
to obtain a utilization rate. The full-time operation estimate
A-4
-------
derived from incinerator reliability and maintenance schedules is
7,426 hours per year at an availability of 84.8 percent. During
data collection, it was not obvious whether the statistic for annual
hours of operation includes burning non-hazardous wastes. MITRE has
no information regarding the percentage of time spent burning
non-hazardous wastes compared to burning hazardous wastes, although
analysis of the data indicates that the utilization rate accurately
describes hazardous waste destruction activities.
Each record in the data base references the source of
information and the incinerator permit status.
Each record in Wastes.dbf identifies a waste and its
characteristics. The structure for Wastes.dbf is as follows:
Field Field Name Description
1 FACILITYNO Facility number assigned by MITRE
2 WASTECODE EPA RCRA Waste code
3 SOLID Physical state of waste - Marked "X" if
appropriate
4 LIQUID
5 SLUDGE
6 CONTAIN " (Containerized)
7 OTHER
8 HECONTENT Heat content in Btu/lb
9 HACONTENT Halogen content (X)
10 SOCONTENT Solids content (X)
11 WACONTENT Water content (%)
12 AMTINGAL Annual amount incinerated in gallons
13 AMTINLBS Annual amount incinerated in pounds
14 AMTINMT Annual amount incinerated in metric tons
The databases are linked by the common field FACILITYNO.
Thus each waste in Wastes.dbf corresponds to a facility number in
Incinerators.dbf.
Retrieval and manipulation of the data elements can be achieved
with knowledge of dBASE III commands. Several "user friendly" pro-
grams (command files) have been provided by MITRE for basic manage-
ment such as adding new records and modifying or deleting existing
records from either database. The following programs have been
developed: MENU.PRG, INCINSERT.PRG, WASINSERT.PRG, INCEDIT.PRG,
INCEDIT.FMT, WASEDIT.PRG, WASEDIT.FMT, and PACK.PRG. Each file
contains a heading briefly explaining the purpose of each program.
A-5
-------
To access these programs, one must begin at the command file
MENU.PRG, which will in turn call subsequent programs at the user's
request. The following outlines the steps involved:
1) Load dBASE III (See "Setting Up Your System," dMSE III
Manual, pp 1-4 - 1-7).
2) Upon receiving the dot prompt ".", type the command
"DO MENU.PRG."
/
3) This will bring up a screen allowing the user six options:
1. Add new incinerators.
2. Edit/delete incinerators.
3. Add new wastes.
4. Edit/delete wastes.
5. Pack the database*
6. Exit dBASE III.
*Note; "Delete" means to mark for deletion; "Pack" means
to permanently remove from the database those records
marked for deletion.
4) Enter a choice from the list and follow instructions.
Searches, sorts, reports and other similar tasks must be carried
out by the user with the tools provided by dBASE III. Since these
tasks continually change with the needs of the user, no programs
have been provided by MITRE to perform them.
A few examples of the capabilities of dBASE III management will
be illustrated henceforth with reference to the dBASE III User's
Manual. The following example performs a search on Incinerators.dbf
to all companies with rotary kiln incinerators. The following
command provides a complete listing of all records for which the
field ROTARY contains the character "X":
USE INCINERATORS (to indicate which database we want to use)
LIST FOR ROTARY - "X"
The following command is more specific:
LIST COMPANY, CITY, STATE FOR ROTARY - "X"
Once again, all records describing rotary kiln incinerators will be
listed; however, in this case only the name of the company, the city,
A-6
-------
and the state will be displayed as requested. The following command
would be entered to list all rotary kiln Incinerators In Texas:
LIST COMPANY, CITY, STATE FOR ROTARY - "X" .AND. STATE -
"TX" TO PRINT
The words "To Print" direct the listing to the printer. These are
just a few basic examples of searches that dBASE III can easily
perform. Refer to the User's Manual for further information.
Sorts can be performed with one of two commands, SORT or INDEX.
When a database is sorted, records on the disk are rearranged in a
particular order. Consequently, as databases get larger, SORTS can
take a long time to complete. INDEXing is a faster method that keeps
records in a particular order without actually rearranging them on
the disk. Both methods are explained in depth in Chapter V of the
dBASE III User's Manual.
As an example, the following commands will SORT the Wastes.dbf
database in order of facility number:
USE WASTES (to Indicate which database we want to use)
SORT ON FACILITYNO TO TEMP
A new file called TEMP.dbf has been created to store the database in
order of ascending facility numbers. These two commands,
USE TEMP
LIST
will list the sorted database. Alternatively, the commands
USE WASTES
INDEX ON FACILITYNO TO FACILITY
LIST
would have created and listed the contents of an index file called
FACILITY.NDX (dBASE III automatically adds the extension .NDX).
Once again, the examples above merely touch on the capabilities that
dBASE III possesses.
A-7
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Reports can be generated by one of two methods. The first is
to use the built in dBASE III report generator, explained in
Chapter VII in the dBASE III User's Manual. The user inputs various
format parameters and follows menu-driver instructions. The report
generator is useful for producing straightforward reports of the
entire database.
The alternative method is to write a command file, or program,
to create the report. A command file is a disk file that contains a
series of dBASE III commands arranged by the user. When the program
is run, each command is executed one at a time in succession. Com-
mand files are the final steps to learning dBASE III. With a working
knowledge of most of the commands, the user should be able to write
command files to perform a variety of tasks instead of having to
repeatedly type each command in one at a time. An appropriate
command file can be used to create almost any type of report desired.
However, as stated above, in order to write useful command
files, the user must be familiar with dBASE III. Command files
are discussed in the dBASE III Manual in Chapters VIII-X. However,
it is recommended that all previous chapters are read or skimmed
first. Another recommended reference is Understanding dBASE III by
Alan Simpson, a short book that presents dBASE III in a clear and
effective manner.
A-8
-------
APPENDIX B
HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS
B-l
-------
B-2
-------
Company
Belding Chemical Industries
Bic Pen Corporation
Combustion Engineering
Pfizer, Inc.
Pratt and Whitney
ICI Americas
Polaroid Corp.
Union Chemical Co.. Inc.
Amtrol Inc.
Drew Metalex Corp.
E.I. DuPont
E.I. DuPont
FMC Corp.
Intl. Flavors & Fragrances
Ortho Diagnostics Inc.
Reichhold Chemicals
Rollins Environmental Services
Union Carbide Corp.
Active Steel Drum Inc.
Battery Disposal Technology
Bell Test Center AF Plant
Bendix Corp.
Case Hoyt Corporation
Food & Drug Research Labs.
G.E. Insulating Materials
Hooker Chemicals & Plastics
Hooker Chemicals & Plastics
Kodak Park Div., Eastman Kodak
Nepera Chemical Co.
Philips ECG Inc. (GTE Products)
Reichhold Chemical Co.
General Electric Noryl Products
General Electric Silicone Product
Eli Lilly and Co.
Merck
Pfizer
Smith Kline
Squibb
American Cyana«ld
Pennwalt
Occidental Chemical
Janssen Inc.
Sterling Pharmaceuticals
DuPont Exp. Station
Hercules Res." Center
Central Chemical Corp.
FMC Corp., Ag. Chem. Group
Grosvenor
Milford
Windsor
Groton
East Hartford
State
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
Dighton MA
Waithan MA
South Hope ME
West Warwick RI
Old Bridge NJ
Deepwater NJ
Deepwater NJ
Plainsboro NJ
Union Beach NJ
Raritan NJ
Elizabeth NJ
Bridgeport NJ
Piscataway NJ
Long Island NY
Clarence NY
Buffalo NY
Sidney NY
Rochester NY
Waverly NY
Schenectady NY
N. Tonawanda NY
Niagara Falls NY
Rochester NY
Harriman NY
Seneca Falls NY
Niagara Falls NY
Selkirk NY
Waterford NY
Mayaguez PR
Barceloneta PR
Barceloneta PR
Guayama PR
Hamacao PR
Linden NJ
West Deptford NJ
Niagara Falls NY
Gurabo PR
Barceloneta PR
Wilmington DE
Wilmington DE
Elkton MD
Baltimore MD
Permit Data
EPA ID Status Source
CTD049185515 W T
CTD001166586 F T
CTDOO1159557 W T
CTD001147495 W T
CTD990672081 F T
MAD051505477 W T
MAD001402320 F T
MED042143883 W T
RID001192145 W T
NJD081995508 F B
NJD002385730 F B
NJD002385730 W B
NJD000586164 W T
NJD002194843 W T
NJD068715424 F B
XJD002202369 W T
NJD053288239 F T
NJD002444719 F B
NYD003933355 W T
NYD000632372 W T
NYD467202462 W T
NYD001827633 W T
NYD002206365 W T
NYD990763096 W T
NYD052987086 W T
NYD002106938 W T
NYD000824482 U T
NYD980592497 F B
NYD002014595 W T
NYD002246015 W T
NYD002103216 W T
XYD066832023 F B
NYD002080034 F B
PRD091024786 F B
PRD090028101 F B
PRD090346909 F B
PRT000040675 F T
PRD090021056 F B
NJD002173276 W T
NJD980753875 F B
NYD000824482 F B
PRT000019604 F B
PRD991291949 F B
DED003930807 A B
DED001315647 A B
MDD041953803 W T
MDD003071875 F B
B-3
-------
Company
GMC-GMAD
Multichem
Avtex Fibers Inc.
Norton Thiokol
General Electric
Knoll International Inc.
Koppers Co., Inc.
Letterkenny Army Depot
Pennwalt
Merck Chemical Division
Smith Kline Chem-Riverside
Trane Thermal Co.
Merck, Sharp & Dohme
Wyeth Labs
Zapata Industries. Inc.
Allied Chemical
Univ. of Virginia
American Cyanamld Co.
Borg-Warner Chem-Weston PI. *1
Borg-Warner Chem-Weston PI. *1
Dupont E.I. deNemours
Mobay Chem. Corp.
Mobay Chem. Corp
Monsanto
Union Carbide-Plant 514
Union Carbide Tech Center
Gulf Oil
Chemical Waste Management
Ciba-Geigy
Shell Chem Co.-Mobile Plant
Stauffer
3M
Alpha Chemical Corp.
U.S. Army Anniston Depot
Honeywell
JFK Space Center
01 in Corp.
South Dade Incinerator
Cargill
Bernath Barrel
Cargill
Southeastern Waste Treatment
U.S. Army Blue Grass Depot
Union Carbide-Ag Products
DuPont
Heubleln Inc.
LG&S Disposal Co.
City
Baltimore
Baltimore
Meadville
Elkton
Erie
E. Greenville
Bridgeville
Chambersburgh
King of Prussia PA
Danville PA
Conshohocken PA
Conshohocken PA
West Point PA
Paoli PA
Frackville PA
Hopewell VA
Charlottesville VA.
Willow Island WV
Morgantown WV
Morgantown WV
Parkersburg WV
New Martinsvill WV
New Martinsvill WV
Nirto WV
S. Charleston WV
S. Charleston WV
Philadelphia PA
Emelle AL
Mclntosh AL
Axis AL
Bucks AL
Decatur AL
Lakeland PL
Anniston AL
St. Petersburg FL
JFK Space Cntr FL
St. Marks FL
Miami FL
Forest Park GA
Mableton GA
Forest Park GA
Dalton GA
Richmond KY
Woodbine GA
Louisville KY
Paducah KY
Louisville KY
Permit Data
EPA ID Status Source
MDD003091972 U Q
MDD093958767 W T
PAD080639974 W T
MDD003067121 F B
PAD005033055 W T
PAD053306015 W T
PAD063764898 W T
PA6213820503 F T
PAD075538033 W T
PAD003043353 F B
PAD980550412 A B
PAD069006419 F B
PAD002387926 F B
PAD002323550 W T
PAD002499440 F B
VAD065385296 F B
VAD000820712 W T
WVD004341491 F B
WVD980552384 W B
WVD980552384 W T
WVD045875291 A B
WVD056866312 F B
A
WVD039990965 W T
WVD003005483 A B
WVD060682291 A B
PAD049791098 F B
ALD000622464 F B
ALD001221902 F B
ALD093179315 F B
ALD095688875 W T
ALD004023164 W T
FLD057231821 W T
ALD210020027 F B
FLD004104105 F B
FL6800014525 F B
FLD047096524 F B
FLD000648162 W T
GAD084823301 F B
GAD051010148 W T
GAD084823301 F B.
GAD000222083 W T
KYD233820JOS F B
GAD030035356 W T
KYD003924198 F B
KYD091515502 W T
KYD000831016 W T
B-4
-------
Company
Liquid Waste Disposal
Liquid Waste Disposal
Olin
First Chemical
Mitchell Systems
Burroughs Wellcome
Caldwell Systems
General Electric Corp
Chem. Ind. Inst. Toxicology
DuPont
Lithium (formerly SCA)
Stablex
Singer Furniture
U.S. Dept. of Energy
ABCO Industries. Inc.
American Enka
DuPont
Owens Corning
Alpha Resins
DuPont
Eastman Kodak
Eastman Kodak
Huyck Formex
Solid & Liquid Waste Disposal
Kay Fries
Monsanto
Union Carbide
Pennwalt
U.S. Army - Mississippi Army Ammo
USA Volunteer Army Ammo Plant
Monsanto Company
Uniroyal Chemical
Northern Petrochemical Co Inc
Armak
Koppers Company, Inc.
Marathon-Robinson Refining
Meyer Steel Drum, Inc.
Monsanto Co., Krummrich Plant
Reilly Tar & Chem. Corp.
Chemical Waste Management
Spaulding Fiber Co. Inc.
Texaco USA (Refining)
Trade Waste Inc.
3M-Cordova
Dow
Lilly (Eli) a" Co.
Lilly (Eli) & Co.
Labs
Clinton Labs
City
Calvert City
Calvert City
Brandenburg
Pascagoula
Spruce Pine
Greenville
Lenoir
Wilmington
R.T.P.
Leland
Bessemer City
Rock Hill
Lenoir
Oak Ridge
Roebuck
Central
Lugoff
Anderson
Collierville
Memphis
Kingsport
Kingsport
Greenville
Dyersburg
Theodore
Anniston
Columbia
Calvert City
Bay St. Louis
Chattanooga
Lullng
Geismar
Morris
Morris
Chicago
Robinson
Chicago
Sauget
Granite City
Chicago
Dekalb
Lockport
Sauget
Cordova
Indianapolis
Clinton
Clinton
State
KY
KY
KY
MS
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
SC
NC
TN
SC
SC
SC
SC
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
AL
AL
TN
KY
MS
TN
LA
LA
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IL
IN
IN
IN
Permit
EPA ID Status
KYD088438817 A
KYD088438817 A
KYD006396246 F
MSD033417031 W
NCD991277724 F
NCD052547635 F
NCD086871282 F
NCD050409150 A
NONE W
NCD047369046 F
NCD000771964 W
SCD044442333 F
NC0000604322 W
TND048990018 F
SCD003360393 F
SCD052944295 F
SCD003344363 F
SCD003349982 F
TND007037765 W
TND007024672 F
TND003376928 F
TXD003376928 F
TND003375441 W
NONE W
W
W
W
KYD006370159 A
MSD800016123 A
TXD062 120933 U
LAD001 700756 W
LAD0081 94060 F
ILD048296180 F
ILD065237851 W
ILD005164611 F
ILD005476882 W
ILD081037772 W
ILD000802702 U
ILD006278360 W
ILD000672121 F
ILD064000011 W
ILD041518861 W
ILD098642424 F
ILD054236443 F
IND000195545 N
IND072040348 F
IND072040348 F
Data
Source
T
T
B
T
B
B
B
B
T
B
T
B
Q
B
B
B
B
B
T
B
B
B
T
T
T
T
T
B
B
Q
Q
B
T
B
T
T
T
T
B
T
T
T
B
B
B
B
B-5
-------
Company
Owens-Corning Fiberglass
Union Carbide
A-l Disposal Corp.
Dow Chemical
Nor-An Chemical Co.
Upjohn
3M-Chemolite
Cincinnati Ind. Waste Disp.
Catalyst Resources-Dart Ind.
GTE Products Corp.
Ross Incineration Services Inc.
SCM Corp.
U.S. Industrial Chemicals
SOHIO-Vistron
Curwood Inc.
Freeman Chemical Corp.
Commerce Industrial Chemical
Johnson, SC & Son. Inc.
University of Wisconsin
Waste Research & Reclamation
Cargill
PPG Industries
Waste Technologies Industries
Akzo Chemie America
SOHIO-Research
BFC Chemicals
Naval Weapons Support Center
Energy Cooperative
Eli Lilly
Savannah Army Depot Activity
01 in Corp.
Pristine Inc.
Freeman Chemical
Chemical Waste Management (TWI)
Ravenna Army Ammunition Plant
Arkansas Eastman Co.
ENSCO
Natl. Ctr-Toxicological Res.
U.S. Pine Bluff Arsenal
Westinghouse Electric Corp.
American Cyanamid Co.
Borden Chemical
Chevron
Chevron
Ciba-Geigy
Copolymer Rubber & Chemical
Dow
State
Valparaiso IN
East Chicago IN
Plainwell MI
Midland MI
Muskegon MI
Kalamazoo MI
Cottage Grove MN
Cincinnati OH
Elyria OH
Ottawa OH
Grafton OH
Huron OH
Cincinnati OH
Lima OH
New London MI
Saukville WI
Milwaukee WI.
Sturtevant WI
Madison WI
Eau Claire WI
Carpentersville IL
Circleville OH
East Liverpool OH
Morris IL
Warrensville Ht OH
N. Muskegon MI
Crane IN
East Chicago IN
Lafayette IN
Savannah IL
East Alton IL
Reading OH
Saukville WI
Sauget IL
Ravenna OH
Batesville AR
El Dorado AR
Jefferson AR
Pine Bluff AR
Little Rock AR
Westwego LA
Geismar LA
Belle Chasse LA
Belle Chasse LA
St. Gabriel LA
Baton Rouge LA
Plaquemine LA
EPA ID
Permit
Status
IND980502074 F
IND077001147 W
MID059695452 W
MID000724724 F
MID080358351 A
MID000820381 F
MND006372969 F
OHD000720250 F
OHD046202602 A
OHD097234876 W
OHD048415665 F
OHD002946291 W
OHD072865074 A
OHD042157644 F
WID006144737 F
WID980615439 F
WID980795181 A
WID006091425 W
WID000713594 A
WID990829475 F
ILD005083316 F
OHD004304689 A
OHD980613541 A
ILD065237851 F
OHD010835619 F
MID080358351 A
1X5170023498 F
IND082547803 W
IXD006050967 F
IL3210020803 F
ILD006271696 F
OHD076773712 F
WID980615439 F
ILD098642424 F
OH5210020736 W
ARD089234884 F
ARD069748192 F
AR3750030956 U
ARD233820707 A
ARD990722316 W
LAD008375390 F
LAD003913449 F
LAD034199802 F
LAD034199802 F
LAD005378544 F
LAD008182990 W
LAD008387080 F
Data
Source
B
T
T
B
B
B
B
B
T
T
T
B
B
B
B
B
T
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
B-6
-------
Company
Dresser P&M
DuPont
Evans Cooperage
Georgia-Gulf
Grant Chemical-Ferro Corp.
Hooker Chera.
LA Army Ammunition Plant
Norton Chemical
Olin
PPG
Rollins Environmental Services
Rubicon
Shell Chemical
Shell Chemical
Stauffer Chemical
Union Carbide
Union Carbide
Vulcan Materials Co.
Holloman AFB
Conoco
Eagle Pitcher/Boron Dept.
John Zink Co.
Zapata Industries. Inc.
Aztec/Purechem-Dart
Badische
Dow Chemical
Dresser P&M
DuPont
DuPont
DuPont
El Paso Products
FMC
General Tire & Rubber Co.
Goodyear Tire & Rubber
Goodyear Tire & Rubber
IBM
Mobay
Monsanto
NASA, Johnson Space Center
PPG
Peterbilt Motors Co.
Phillips
Texas Eastman
Shell
Sheridan Disposal Service, Inc.
Stauffer
Texaco Chemical Co.
City
Eunice
La Place
Harvey
Plaquemlne
Zachary
Addis
Shreveport
Weeks Island
Lake Charles
West lake
Baton Rouge
Geismar
Norco
Norco
St. Gabriel
Taft
Taft
Geismar
Ho 11 oman AFB
Ponca City
Quapaw
Tulsa
Muskogee
Pasadena
Freeport
Freeport
Dallas
Beaumont
La Porte
Victoria
Odessa
Pasadena
Odessa
Beaunont
Houston
Austin
Baytown
Texas City
Houston
Beaunont
Denton
Pasadena
Longview
Deer Park
Hemps tead
Baytown
Conroe
State
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
KM
OK
OK
OK
OK
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
Permit
EPA ID Status
LAD087025870 W
LAD001 890367 F
LAD0081 58289 W
LAD0571 17434 F
LAD092104389 W
LAD094916491 W
LAD2 13820533 F
LAD059122177 F
LAD008080681 F
LAD008086506 F
LAD001395127 F
LAD008213391 F
LAD098622104 F
LAD098622104 F
LAD980627061 F
LAD041581422 F
LAD041581422 F
LAD092681824 F
NN6572124422 W
OKD007233836 F
OKD098623037 F
OKD055940647 F
OKD099751059 F
TXD077874634 W
TXD008081697 F
TXD008092792 U
TXD077874634 W
TXD008081101 U
TXD008079212 U
TXD008123317 F
TXD980626014 U
TXD083570051 U
TXD057422685 U
TXD008077190 U
TXD008077562 U
TXD04 14 70543 F
TXD058260977 F
TXD008079527 F
TX8800016125 F
TXD020805446 F
TXD096445069 U
TXD008098725 U
TXD007330202 A
TXD067285973 F
TXD062132147 W
TXD082688896 F
TXD008076853 U
Data
Source
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
Q
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
B-7
-------
Company
Texaco Chemical Co.
Texas A&M
U.S. Industrial Chemicals
Univ. of Texas
Upjohn Polymer
Vistron-SOHIO
Vought
Diamond Shamrock Plastics Corp.
Petro-Tex Chemical Corp.
Shintech Inc.
US EPA - Combustion Research Fac
IT Corp. of Louisiana
Phillips Research Center
Eastman Kodak
Rollins Environmental Services
Maytag
Univ. of Iowa
Abbott
American Cyanamid
University of Missouri
Alcolac Inc.
US EPA - Mobile Incinerator
McDonnell Douglas
Shell (RMA)
University of Arizona
Aerojet General-Sacramento Rancho
Alpha Resins
Ashland
Cargill
Chevron Chemical Co.
Dow
Edwards Air Force Base
IT Corp.-Vine Hill Facility
Koppers
Lawrence Livermore
PPG
Shell
Unitek Environmental Ser.
Hawthorne Army Ammunition Pit.
Washington State University
Permit Status Code:
A • Approved RCRA permit
F - RCRA Part B filed
W - No Part B application
U " Unknown
State
Port Neches TX
College Station TX
La Porte TX
Galveston TX
La Porte TX
Green Lake TX
Dallas TX
La Porte TX
Houston TX
Freeport TX
Pine Bluff AR
Burnside LA
Bartlesville OK
Longview TX
Deer Park TX
Newton IA
Oakdale IA
Wichita KS
Palmyra MO
Columbia MO
Sedalia MO
McDowell MO
St. Charles MO
Commerce City CO
Tucson AZ
Cordova CA
Perris CA
Los Angeles CA
Lynwood CA
Richmond CA
Pittsburg CA
Edwards CA
Martinez CA
Oxnard CA
Livermore CA
Torrance CA
Martinez CA
Ewa Beach HI
Hawthorne NV
Pullman WA
EPA ID
Permit
Status
TXD008076846 F
TXD000789800 W
TXD058276I30 U
TXD000821264 F
TXD000017756 U
TXD000751172 F
TXD041089467 W
NONE W
TXD008072134 W
TXD065095390 W
AR6140090006 A
LAD000757385 A
OKD000803601 A
TXD007330202 A
TXD055141378 F
IAD005285689 W
IAT200010924 F
KSD007237746 U
MOD050226075 F
MOD006326904 F
MOD084093368
M06680090010 A
MOD075888487 A
C05210020769 F
AZD000819615 F
CAD000030494 W
CAD050270975 F
CAD044046274 F
CAD076180843 F
CAD043237486 F
CAD076528678 F
CA1570024504 W
CAD000094771 F
CAD087163267 W
CA2890012584 F
CAD008323438 W
CAD009164021 F
HIT000603514 F
NV12]0090006 F
WAD041485301 A
Data
Source
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
Q
B
Q
T
T
T
T-
T
T
B
B
B
T
Data Source Code:
B • Part B permit application
T » MITRE telephone survey
Q » EPA, OSW questionnaire
B-8
-------
APPENDIX C
CEMENT KILN LOCATIONS AND PRODUCT CAPACITIES
C-l
-------
C-2
-------
Company State
BLUE CIRCLE AL
GENERAL PORTLAND AL
IDEAL BASIC INDUSTRIES AL
LEHIGH PC CO AL
NATIONAL C CO AL
ARKANSAS C CORP AR
IDEAL BASIC INDUSTRIES AR
CALMAT AZ
GIFFORD-HILL & CO AZ
CALMAT CA
CALMAT CA
GENERAL PORTLAND CA
GENSTAR CA
GENSTAR CA
GIFFORD-HILL & CO CA
GIFFORD-HILL & CO CA
KAISER C CO CA
KAISER C CO CA
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES CA
MONOLITH PC CO CA
SOUTHWESTERN PC CO CA
IDEAL BASIC INDUSTRIES CO
IDEAL BASIC INDUSTRIES CO
SOUTHWESTERN PC CO CO
GENERAL PORTLAND FL
GENERAL PORTLAND FL
LONE STAR FLORIDA HOLDING CO FL
MOORE McCORMACK C FL
RINKER MATERIALS CORP FL
BLUE CIRCLE GA
MEDUSA C CO GA
KAISER C CO HI
LONE STAR HAWAII C CORP HI
DAVENPORT C CO IA
LEHIGH PC CO IA
MONARCH C CO IA
NORTHWESTERN STATES PC CO IA
LEHIGH PC CO IA
ASH GROVE C CO ID
ILLINOIS C CO IL
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES IL
MISSOURI PC CO IL
MARQUETTE CO IL
LEHIGH PC CO IN
LEHIGH PC CO IN-
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES IN
Annual Capacity in 1000 Tons
Wet Dry Both Estimated
0
0
0
0
0
921
395
0
0
0
0
0
600
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
0
460
0
0
650
528
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
205
0
0
0
0
0
0
752
775
750
1500
0
775
0
0
1400
630
750
1150
610
0
600
840
1150
0
0
.775
0
0
0
885
0
0
0
0
1200
0
775
0
0
270
775
0
0
775
0
0
470
470
775
450
0
0
0
0
0
0
608
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1760
1760
0
0
1400
0
0
675
0
0
0
0
600
0
0
350
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
118
827
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
970
0
0
0
422
437
0
422
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
C-3
-------
Annual Capacity in 1000 Tons
Company
LOUISVILLE C CO
LOUISVILLE
GENERAL PORTLAND
ASH GROVE C CO
LEHIGH PC CO
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES
MONARCH C CO
MOORE McCORMACK C
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES
ATLANTIC C CO
COPLAY C CO
LEHIGH PC CO
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES
THOMASTON
DUNDEE C CO
MEDUSA C CO
NATIONAL GYPSUM CO-CEMENT DIV
ST MARYS PURLESS C CO
DUNDEE C CO
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES
MISSOURI PC CO
RIVER C CO
TEXAS INDUSTRIES
IDEAL BASIC INDUSTRIES
KAISER C CO
ASH GROVE C CO
IDEAL BASIC INDUSTRIES
IDEAL BASIC INDUSTRIES
NEVADA C CO
ATLANTIC C CO
LEHIGH PC CO
MOORE McCORMACK C
ALPHA PC CO
GENERAL PORTLAND
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES
SOUTHWESTERN PC CO
BLUE CIRCLE
IDEAL BASIC INDUSTRIES
LOXE STAR INDUSTRIES
ASH GROVE C CO (western div)
ARMSTRONG C & SUPPLY CORP
COPLAY C CO
COPLAY C CO
COPLAY C CO
GENERAL PORTLAND
HERCULES C CO
KEYSTONE PC CO
LEHIGH PC CO
State
Vet
Dry
Both Estimated
IN
IN
KN
KS
KS
KS
KS
KY
LA
MD
MD
MD
MD
ME
MI
MI
MI
MI
MO
MO
MO
MO
MS
MT
MT
NE
NE
NM
NV
NY
NY
NY
NY
OH
OH
OH
OK
OK
OK
OR
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
622
0
407
512
0
451
0
0
750
750
0
0
0
60
532
0
0
532
0
0
0
0
0
330
0
0
235
0
0
1500
540
0
525
554
0
0
0
610
0
0
370
0
0
0
0
0
532
0
0
775
0
0
0
0
0
670
0
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
1200
775
1200
0
0
0
900
0
505
450
0
0
500
0
0
260
0
775
0
725
485
0
0
0
0
800
700
0
0
0
0
0
0
405
0
0
0
0
0
0
1013
0
0
0
0
675
0
675
0
0
0
0
0
350
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
760
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
135
0
0
0
0
0
0
437
0
0
0
350
0
0
0
0
970
0
0
0
0
0
0
888
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
350
350
350
0
0
0
0
C-4
-------
Company State
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES PA
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES PA
MEDUSA C CO PA
NATIONAL GYPSUM CO-CEMENT DIV PA
PUERTO RICAN C CO PR
SAN JUAN C CO PR
GIANT PORTLAND & MASONRY C CO SC
GIFFORD-HILL & CO SC
SANTEE PC CORP SC
SOUTH DAKOTA C CO SD
SOUTH DAKOTA C CO SD
SOUTH DAKOTA C CO SD
SOUTH DAKOTA C CO SD
MOORE McCORMACK C TN
SIGNAL MOUNTAIN C CO TN
ALAMO C CO TX
CAPITOL AGGREGATES TX
CENTEX TX
GENERAL PORTLAND TX
GIFFORD-HILL & CO TX
GULF COAST PC CO TX
KAISER C CO TX
LEHIGH PC CO TX
LEHIGH PC CO TX
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES TX
SOUTHWESTERN PC CO TX
SOUTHWESTERN PC CO TX
SOUTHWESTERN PC CO TX
TEXAS C CO TX
TEXAS INDUSTRIES TX
TEXAS INDUSTRIES TX
GENERAL PORTLAND TX
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES TX
IDEAL BASIC INDUSTRIES UT
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES UT
SOUTHWESTERN PC CO UT
LONE STAR INDUSTRIES VA
LONE STAR LAFARGE VA
RIVERTON CORP VA
ASH GROVE C CO WA
COLUMBIA C CO WA
IDEAL BASIC INDUSTRIES WA
LEHIGH PC CO WA
ST MARYS PURLESS C CO WI
CAPITOL C CORP WV
CAPITOL C CORP WV
CAPTTOL C CORP WV
MONOLITH PC CO WY
Annual Capacity in 1000 Tons
Vet
0
370
0
0
1370
880
532
0
1100
0
150
150
150
0
0
0
0
520
0
880
532
0
0
0
550
333
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
350
420
0
0
0
0
218
0
0
0
532
280
456
280
500
Dry
658
0
0
0
0
0
0
600
. 0
450
0
0
0
550
0
725
0
0
,731
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
333
333
1230
550
0
925
545
0
0
0
1200
0
775
0
675
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Both
0
0
0
675
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
477
0
850
0
0
0
0
540
321
101
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
675
0
675
0
0
0
490
257
0
0
0
0
0
Estimated
0
0
970
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
888
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
C-5
-------
C-6
-------
APPENDIX D
HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATOR MANUFACTURERS
D-l
-------
D-2
-------
APPENDIX D
Basic Environmental Engineering, Inc.
21 W. 161 Hill Avenue
Glen Ellyn, IL 60137
(312) 469-5340: John Basic, President
Bayco Industries of California
2108 Davis Street
San Leandro, CA 94577
(415) 562-6700: C.H. Beckett, President
Brule C.E. & E., Inc.
13920 Southwestern Avenue
Blue Island, IL 60406
(312) 388-7900: Al Schmid
Burn-Zol Corporation
P.O. Box 109
Dover, NJ 07801
(209) 931-1297: Ed Avencheck
C&H Combustion
1104 East Big Beaver Road
Troy, MI 48083
(313) 524-2007: Douglas Frame
CJS Energy Resources, Inc.
P.O. Boz 85
Albertson, NY 11507
(215) 362-2242: Michael Budin
C.E. Raymond Co.
Bartlett Snow Division
Combustion Engineering, Inc.
200 W. Monroe Street
Chicago, IL 60606
(312) 236-4044: Tom Valenti
Coen Company
1510 Rollins Road
Burlingame, CA 94010
(415) 697-0440: Dick Brown
D-3
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APPENDIX D
(Continued)
Copetech
125 Windsor Drive
Oak Brook, IL 60521
(312) 986-8564: Brian Copeland
Dorr Oliver, Inc.
77 Havemeyer Lane
Stamford, CT 06904
(203) 358-3741: John Mullen
Econo-Thenn Energy Systems Corp.
P.O. Box 1229
Tulsa, OK 74101
1-800-322-7867: Bob Malekowski
EPCON Industrial Systems, Inc.
The Woodlands, TX 77380
(713) 353-2319: Aziz Jamaluddin
Ecolaire ECP
11100 Nations Ford Road
P.O. Box 15753
Charlotte, NC 28210
(704) 588-1620: Bud Strope
Environmental Elements Corp.
(Sub. of Koppers Co., Inc.)
P.O. Box 1318
Baltimore, MD 21203
(301) 368-7166: Jim Nlcotri
Fuller Company
2040 Avenue C
LeHigh Valley Industrial Park
Bethlehem, PA 18001
(215) 264-6011: R.J. Aldrich
GA Technologies
P.O. Box 85608
San Diego, CA 92138
(619) 455-3000: Harold Diot
D-4
-------
APPENDIX D
(Continued)
HPD, Inc.
1717 N. Naper Boulevard
Naperville, IL 60540
(312) 357-7330: John Karoly
/
Hirt Combustion Engineers
931 South Maple Avenue
Montebello, CA 90640
(213) 728-9164: Ms. Corinne Gordon
Industronics, Inc.
489 Sullivan Avenue
P.O. Drawer G
S. Windsor, CT 06074
(203) 289-1551: Brian E. Caffyn (x307)
International Incinerators, Inc.
P.O. Box 19
Columbus, GA 31902
(404) 327-5475: Ronald Hale
John Zlnk Company
4401 Peoria Avenue
Tulsa, OK 74105
(918) 747-1371: Duane Schaub (x454)
Lurgi Corporation
One Davis Drive
Belmont, CA 94002
(201) 967-4916: Dieter Schroer
McGill, Inc.
P.O. Box 9667
Tulsa, OK 74107
(918) 445-2431: Jim Newburn
Midland-Ross Corporation
2275 Dorr Street
Toledo, OH 43691
(419) 537-6145: Val Daiga
D-5
-------
APPENDIX D
(Continued)
Niro Atomizer, Inc.
9165 Rumsey Road
Columbia, MD 21045
(301) 997-8700: Steve Lancos
Peabody International Corporation
4 Landmark Square
Stamford, CT 06901
(203) 327-7000: Donald Hubickey
Prenco, Inc.
29800 Stephenson Hwy.
Madison Heights, MI 48071
(313) 399-6262: John Brophy
Rockwell International
8900 DeSoto Avenue
Canoga Park, CA 91304
(818) 700-5468: Al Stewart
Shirco Infrared Systems, Inc.
1195 Empire Central
Dallas, TX 75247
(214) 630-7511: Mike Hill
Sur-Lite Corporation
8130 Allport Avenue
Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670
(213) 693-0796: John Sachs
ThermA.ll, Inc.
P.O. Box 1776
Peapack, NJ 07977
(201) 234-1776: George Fraunfelder
Therm Tech
Box 1105
Tualatin, OR 97062
(503) 692-1490: Dean Robbins
D-6
-------
APPENDIX D
(Concluded)
Trane Thermal Company
Brook Road
Conshohocken, PA 19428
(215) 828-5400: Gene Irrgang
Trofe Incineration
Trofe Industrial Park
Pike Road
Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054
(609) 235-3030: George Hammond
U.S. Smelting Furnace Co.
C.E. Industries Corporation
P.O. Box 446
Belleville, IL 62222
(618) 233-0129: Robert Hess
Vulcan Iron Works, Inc.
United Penn Bank Building
Room 1050
Wilkes Barre, PA 18701
(717) 822-2161: Maurice Shafer
Washburn & Granger, Inc.
85 Fifth Avenue
P.O. Box 304
Patterson, NJ 07524
(201) 278-1965: Mr. Stelling
Waste-Tech Services, Inc.
18400 West 10th Avenue
Colden, CO 80401
(303) 279-9712: Eliot Cooper
D-7
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
ffettt mtf Aunvrrioni on rtr rtxrv ir/brf eompte ling I
NO.
RECIPIENT** ACCESSION NO
AND»U«TITlE
INCINERATOR AND KILN CAPACITY FOR HAZARDOUS
WASTE TREAT1IENT
O*tI
OftCAMIZATlO*
>. AUTMOMCS)
t H*'O"»*ING ORGANIZATION
NO
Gregory A."Vogel, Alan S. Goldfarb, Robert E. Zier,
ORGANIZATION NAME AMD ADORES*
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT MO.
The MITRE Corporation
McLean, Virginia 22102
11. CONTRACT /CHANT MO
68-03-3159
12 SPONSORING AGiMCr NAME AND ADDRESS
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
Office of research and Development
U-So Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
ia TVPE or REPORT AMD PERIOD COVERED
14 S^OMSOHIMC AGINCV COOC
EPA/600/12
MOTES
1C ABSTKACT
Estimates of Incinerator and cement kiln capacities for hazaraout, waste
treatment are required to evaluate the impacts of banning land disposal of hazardous
wastes. RCRA Part B permit applications vere reviewed to obtain information about
incinerator design capacity, utilization and the incinerated hazardous wastes. MITRI
Identified 221 Incinerators within the RCRA regulatory program that are presently
destroying approximately two Billion metric tons of hazardous waste annually. The
unused potential capacity of these units Is estimated to be one million metric tons
of waste per year. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that 265.3 million
setric tons of hazardous waste are generated annually. .
MITRE estimates that the annual hazardous waste treatment capacity available in
cement kilns ranges between two and six Billion metric tons. Less than five percent
of the potential hazardous waste treatment capacity In cement kilns has been permit-
tea under RCRA. Factors affecting this low utilization Include the large geographic
distances separating tone major waste generation cites from cement kilns, marginal
economic benefits, and the uncertainty of some kiln operators about regulatory
requirements.
«EV WOHDS AMD DOCUMENT ANALVSIC
b.tOEMTIFlEMS'O'EN ENDED TEHMS
CO(ATi F*ld Giour
)• DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
«• MCUAiTv CLASS
UNCLASSIFIED
>o MCI/MIT* CLASS tT*up*r<-i
UNCLASSIFIED
22
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