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                          Contents



I ntroduction	1

Effects Of Flooding On Underground Storage Tank Systems	2

What If An UST Is Located In A Flood Area?	4

Before A Flood, What Should Owners And Operators Do?	6

After A Flood, What Should Owners And Operators Do?	7

What If A Tank Floats Out Of Its Excavation?	8

What If A Remediation System is Flooded?	9

Other Useful Information	10

I ncident Response	11

Financial Assistance	11

References	14

Appendix A-API Checklist	16

Appendix B - Selected State Information On Returning Flood Impacted
USTs To Service	17

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Introduction

Floods are caused by many different phenomenon including natural processes such as heavy
rains, snow melt, earthquakes, tsunamis, or hurricanes. Likewise, failure of levees and dams or
inadequate drainage in urban areas can also result in flooding.  Floods are often unpredictable
and the aftereffects can be damaging and costly to mitigate.

During floods, underground storage tank (UST) systems can become submerged or displaced by
flood waters, leading to damaged UST systems or even releases of regulated substances into the
environment. If UST facilities are damaged, they need to be returned to normal operation in the
most expedient, safe, and environmentally responsible manner possible.

In the event of a flood, you - the local, state, or tribal underground storage tank authority - may
respond to emergency calls from owners, operators, and other affected parties. The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed this guide to help provide information to
localities, states, and tribes when addressing relevant compliance challenges that may arise after
a flood. This guide may not cover every possible situation you encounter.

This basic reference guide consolidates published and unpublished information from various
federal, state, non-governmental, and UST industry resources.  You may use the information in
this guide to prepare for, prevent, or lessen the catastrophic effects and environmental harm that
could occur as a result of flooded UST systems, as well as help return these UST systems to
service as soon as possible.
       Note: EPA designed this underground storage tank guide to provide simple
       guidelines and useful information to state, local, and tribal authorities in the
       event of a threatened or actual flood. It includes information about preparing
       for a flood, important actions after the disaster strikes, and information on
       financial assistance.

       Checklists in this guide are not comprehensive and owners and operators
       may wish to contact other entities for additional information.

       This guide does not replace existing federal or state regulations and is not to
       be used as a regulation. It also does not impose legally binding requirements.
       The word "should" as used in this guide, is intended solely to recommend or
       suggest and does not connote a requirement.

       For regulatory requirements regarding UST systems, refer to the requirements
       listed in 40 CFR 280, or the corresponding state regulations.
                           Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 1

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Effects Of Flooding On Underground Storage Tank Systems

A flood creates an elevated level of risk for environmental damage from UST systems.  For
example, UST systems may become displaced and release their contents into the environment,
causing soil, surface water, and groundwater contamination. While there is little that can be
done to prevent flooding, UST owners can take actions to minimize the damage potential that
impacted USTs have on human health and the environment when flooding occurs.
The following impacts on UST systems could occur as a result of flooding:

   •  buoyancy

   •  erosion and scour

   •  product displacement

   •  electrical system damage
                                                    UST lifted by buoyant force
Buoyancy
During a flood, an UST system surrounded by floodwaters or saturated soil is subjected to
buoyant forces that could offset the restraint of backfill, pavement, or hold-down straps, causing
the tank to shift in the backfill from its location.  If the UST is unanchored, it may lift out of the
ground and float, resulting in a rupture or separation of the connecting pipes, releasing product
into the environment.
Erosion And Scour

Forces of rapidly moving water can cause soil erosion (resulting from soil above or around the
UST being carried away by wind and floodwaters) and scour (resulting from the velocity of
flowing water removing soil cover and supporting backfill material around the UST system).
Exposing the system to stressors from flood water pressure or floating debris makes it even more
vulnerable to being undermined or collapse. As a result of erosion and scour, underground
piping can also shift and become detached from the UST, releasing product into the environment.
                         Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 2

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                Collapsed gasoline tank. Hurricane Katrina - 2005, Biloxi, MS
Product Displacement

During a flood, water or other debris can enter an UST through openings such as fill pipes, vent
pipes, gaskets, loose fittings, covers, sumps, and damaged tank walls.  As water and debris settle
on the bottom of the UST, product will rise and float on top until it exits the tank through
openings, releasing product to the environment.
Electrical System Damage
                  Extended contact with floodwaters may cause damage to electrical
                  equipment associated with UST systems (such as automatic tank gauging
                  systems, panel boxes, emergency shutoff switches, submersible turbine
                  pumps, dispensers, motors, cathodic protection, etc.).
  DANGER|
                          Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 3

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What If An UST Is Located In A Flood Area?

Because of their locations in or near water or low-lying areas, some USTs are particularly
vulnerable to the effects of flooding. Installation standards such as the Petroleum Equipment
Institute's (PEI) Recommended Practice 100 and the American Petroleum Institute's (API)
Recommended Practice 1615 contain information about proper anchoring of USTs.

If there is reason to believe an UST is in a vulnerable location, owners and operators may use the
following methods to help prevent USTs from floating during a rise in water levels:
   •  Increase the burial depth and/or amount of
      pavement above the UST. The extra weight of the
      backfill and pavement may be enough to keep the
      tank from floating. The burial depth should not
      exceed the manufacturer's recommendation.


   •  Anchor the UST to counteract the buoyancy force
      exerted by saturated soil during a flood to prevent
      flotation by:
Soil conditions can
 dramatically affect
 buoyancy forces.
  Owners should
   consult with a
  knowledgeable
professional who is
  familiar with the
local soil conditions
  when designing
anchors to counter
 buoyancy forces.
          using deadmen anchors placed outside
          of the tank diameter along the sides of
          the UST, with hold-down straps
          attached.
                                                        Place deadman
                                                         outside of
                                                       the tank diameter
                                           Deadmen anchors and straps used to offset buoyancy
                         Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 4

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          adding
          additional
          weight by using
          a concrete
          collar.
                          Illustration of adding a concrete collar at the top of the tank to offset buoyancy
          using hold-down
          straps to securely
          attach the tank to
          a bottom hold-
          down pad.
                                    choring Cable
                                                                         Water Table
                                        Concrete Log
                                        or Slab
                                            High Groundwater Aiichoriiv
                            Illustration of hold-down pad installation under the LIST to offset buoyancy
Owners and operators may also want to consider taking the following precautionary actions:

   •   Equip fuel lines below the flood elevation level with automatic shut-off valves. This
       will help prevent loss of fuel in case of line breaks or disconnects from the UST.

   •   Add an extension to the vent pipe if it appears the tank may be submerged in deep
       flood waters. If water enters the vent pipe, it will  settle at the bottom of the tank,
       pushing product out.
                            Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 5

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Before A Flood, What Should Owners And Operators Do?

In order to prevent UST system displacement and prevent water from entering the system,
owners and operators should consider taking these precautions if there is a threat of flood.

   •   Turn off all electricity to the UST system including power to dispensers, pumps,
       turbines, automatic tank gauging (ATG) consoles, lighting, and any other system
       components.

   •   Take product inventory and water level reading of all USTs to help account for
       possible product loss.
   •  Fill the tank to weigh down the tank so it will not
      float out of the ground.

   •  Secure all openings on top of the tank and make
      sure fill caps are in good condition and fastened
      securely in place and locked.  If fill caps are not
      tightened, tanks will fill with water and release
      product. Empty or near-empty tanks may float up,
      destroying overlying concrete/asphalt and distribution
      lines, which can also release product.

   •  Make sure the seal on spill bucket plungers are
      operational so water cannot enter the tank.
 Tank owners and
 operators should
 not fill tanks with
  water because
  they may incur
 additional costs
for the disposal of
  contaminated
      water.
   •  Close the shear valve on pressurized piping to prevent releases from product dispenser
      lines.

   •  Temporarily cap off the vent pipes to prevent water from entering the tank and
      displacing product.

   •  Place a dumpster, sand bags, or large containers full of sand or rock over the tank to
      reduce the chance of a tank floating out of the ground.
                         Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 6

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After A Flood,  What Should Owners And  Operators Do?

After a flood, regional and state UST program
representatives may receive calls from UST owners and
operators with questions concerning problems with tank
systems; or affected parties may call the National Response
Center (NRC), the federal government's sole point of contact
for reporting all hazardous substance and oil spills. The
following practices may help owners and operators quickly
and safely restart UST systems and bring them back into
service.
                                                                Flood of 1977
                                                        Matewan/Tug Valley, West Virginia

If the UST has been in a flood, depending on the site-specific situation, owners and operators
may take the following actions after the water has receded and local officials allow for re-entry:

   •   Make sure the power is off to any UST-related equipment (such as power to the
       dispensers, pumps, release detection equipment, and other devices).

   •   Determine if product leaked from the UST.

   •   Determine if water or debris entered the UST.

   •   After inspecting the electrical system, return power to the UST system

   •   Check release detection system for proper operation. Perform release detection again,
       as soon as possible after the flood.

   •   Check all equipment including pumps, shear valves, fill pipes, and vent lines for proper
       operation.

   •   Clean and empty spill buckets and sumps, including those under the dispensers and
       above the tanks.  Inspect the piping and fittings for damage and possible leaks.

   •   Perform an UST system tightness test to ensure integrity prior to adding product.

   •   Test spill buckets and sumps to ensure they are tight.

   •   Test cathodic protection to ensure it is operating properly.
For information and checklists about USTs and floods from API, Delaware, Iowa, Louisiana,
Minnesota, and Washington, see Appendices A and B.
                          Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 7

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What If A Tank Floats Out Of Its Excavation?

The tank may float out of its original backfill site if not adequately anchored.  If this occurs, the
following actions may be appropriate:
      Notify the appropriate authorities according to
      applicable policies, if there is any evidence of spilled
      product.

      Notify the local fire department.


      Turn off any power in the vicinity of the tanks and
      piping, and immediately call the electric company if any
      power lines are down in the area.

      Rope off the area and keep people away from the
      affected area.

      Remove all contents of the tank.
       Remind tank
       owners and
       operators to
          follow
     established state
         program
      environmental
       compliance
      guidelines for
       emergency
        response,
      cleanup, tank
      removal, waste
      disposal, and
      reinstallation.
      Perform initial leak mitigation and release reporting, if necessary

      Obtain a contractor to dismantle any piping and/or dispensers, and remove the
      piping and tank properly.
 Tank floating out of ground, Rockaway River, NJ
Iowa flood of 2008
                         Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 8

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What If A Remediation System  is Flooded?

Some UST facilities have an active soil and/or groundwater remediation system in place that
floods can significantly affect.  Owners and operators may take the following precautions to
minimize damage to the system and safely bring it back into service:
Before a flood -
   •   Shut off power to the remediation system.

   •   Disconnect the wiring and piping to the trailer and remove from the apparent flood
       hazard area, if there are any portable equipment trailers.

   •   Cap and secure any monitoring, recovery, or injection wells to prevent floodwaters from
       entering the wells.

   •   Remove equipment from the building and store away from flood waters, if remediation
       equipment is located in a non-portable building.

   •   Close all control valves to isolate as much of the system as possible.

After a flood -
   •   Do not attempt to restart motors until an electrician checks the motors and/or controls
       for damage and presence of moisture or silt.

   •   Reconnect the trailer to the power and piping system, if equipment trailer was removed
       from the site.

   •   Return power to the remediation system after inspecting electrical system. A qualified
       professional should disinfect components and systems.

   •   Remove and discard system components that are contaminated with flood water and
       cannot be effectively cleaned and disinfected. Replace them with new components.

   •   Clear piping of water and/or silt that may have collected in the lines, if piping has been
       damaged or flood water enter the piping.

   •   Inspect monitoring wells for damage.

   •   Check the valves in the piping system for proper operation.

   •   Check to see if water and/or silt entered monitoring/extraction/injection wells.

   •   Notify the implementing agency of any damage that may have occurred.
                          Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 9

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Other Useful Information

Industry and states developed guides to assist owners and operators in
evaluating flood impact and damage to UST systems.  Although federal
UST regulations do not require using these guides, excerpts from selected
guides are available in Appendices A and B.
Note: Leak detection equipment must be operational as soon as
practically possible; however, certain leak detection methods may not be viable.

   •   Use daily inventory control and monthly reconciliation if electronic method of leak
       detection is not operating.  EPA provides guidance books and log sheets for daily
       inventory control and monthly reconciliation at www.epa.gov/OUST/pubs/doing.htm

   •   Owners and operators should perform daily checks for water with water-finding paste for
       several days until the owner determines the system is tight.

   •   Owners and operators should empty tank contents and stop using the tank if water checks
       indicate excessive water or daily inventory control shows loss of product.

   •   Owners and operators should notify the appropriate implementing agency, as soon as
       possible.
                          Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 10

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Incident Response

Natural disaster occurrences can damage UST system components, resulting in oil, petroleum, or
hazardous substance releases into the environment.  You may receive a call requesting
information such as: Who do I call? My tank is leaking, what should I do? Is there guidance
available for emergency cleanup? Is funding available for cleanups?  etc.

What Do I Do If I Get A Phone Call?
                     Individual owners and operators are
                     primarily responsible for initial response
                     and cleanup and are expected to be the
                     first to handle most problems with
                     existing resources, but in some cases
                     local assistance may be available. If local
                     response capabilities are overwhelmed,
                     state and then regional resources may be
                     used.  In Indian country, local and tribal
officials are the first responders, and EPA is available for further
assistance.  The federal government generally only becomes
involved when local and state resources are overwhelmed, or
when incidents occur in Indian country.

Local, state, tribal, and federal agencies engage in environmental
cleanup actions on a regular basis and will be involved in natural
disaster response. Local Emergency Planning Committees
(LEPCs) plan initial response actions for emergencies within
their jurisdiction.  They do not perform actual incident response,
but attempt to identify potential hazards, find available
resources, and write emergency plans. However, they are not
available within every locality.  For more information or to
If there is a confirmed release,
visible free product, or a
substantial threat of a release,
tell the caller to contain the
leak and notify appropriate
local and state authorities.  If
the release may reach, or has
reached, surface water or
shoreline, instruct the caller to
contact the National
Response Center at 800-424-
8802 or 202-267-2675 or
submit an incident report via
email to
http://www.nrc.uscg.mil/nrchp
.html. Also, inform callers to
notify the appropriate local or
state emergency management
authority.  If a release is
reported, the NRC will notify
the appropriate designated
federal on-scene coordinator
(EPA for inland areas or Coast
Guard for coastal areas).
locate a specific LEPC, see http://vosemite.epa.gov/oswer/lepcdb.nsf/HomePage.  Owners
and operators may also contact a local emergency management office or fire department.

Other Emergency Contacts

   •   State emergency response or specific state office of emergency management:
       http://www.fema.gov/about/contact/statedr.shtm

   •   State environmental agency: http://www.epa.gov/epahome/state.htm

   •   EPA regional emergency response management programs:
       http ://www. epa.gov/OEM/content/regional .htm

   •   National Response System (NRS): http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/nrs/index.htm
                          Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 11

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Financial Assistance

   •   Many states have financial assurance programs and/or disaster trust funds that provide
       loans and grants to eligible owners and operators for corrective actions and bringing UST
       facilities back into  operation, where applicable. State trust funds may reimburse
       responsible parties or third parties for corrective actions related to UST releases if certain
       prerequisites for coverage are met.

   •   In an emergency, states may use Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund
       money to conduct emergency responses, site assessments, or corrective actions. In non-
       emergency situations, states may use LUST Trust Fund money to conduct site
       assessments or corrective actions where the responsible party is unknown, unwilling, or
       unable to respond.

UST system owners and operators should contact their financial responsibility or
insurance provider to file a notice or claim and determine minimum requirements
necessary for continuing coverage. Failure to do so could jeopardize coverage in the
event of a subsequent release.
Other Types Of Financial Assistance Available To Owners And Operators
Businesses may obtain financial assistance
following disasters, including floods, from the
Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) and the U.S. Small Business
Administration (SBA).
To qualify for FEMA assistance, the
site must be located in one of the
Presidential declared disaster
counties.

After a Presidential declaration has
been made, FEMA will designate the
area eligible for assistance and
announce the types of assistance
available.
FEMA Public Assistance Grant
The objective of FEMA's public assistance (PA) grant program is to provide assistance to state,
tribal, and local governments as well as certain types of private nonprofit organizations.

Through the PA program, FEMA provides supplemental federal disaster grant assistance for
debris removal; emergency protective measures; and repair, replacement, or restoration of
disaster-damaged, publicly owned facilities and the facilities of certain private non-profit
organizations. The PA program also encourages protection of these damaged facilities from
future events by providing assistance for hazard mitigation measures during the recovery
process.

The federal share of assistance is not less than 75 percent of the eligible cost for emergency
measures and permanent restoration. The grantee (usually a state) determines how the non-
federal share (up to 25 percent) is split with the subgrantees (eligible applicants).
                          Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 12

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FEMA Disaster Assistance Process

FEMA developed sequential steps owners and operators, as applicants, should follow to obtain
prompt disaster assistance. If FEMA assistance is
needed:
1- Applicants need to register with FEMA for an
identification number. Applicants may register on
FEMA's website
www.fema.gov/assistance/index.shtm or by phone by
calling 800-621-FEMA (3362). Persons with speech
or hearing disabilities may call TTY at 800-462-7585.

2- Once a FEMA identification number is secured,
applicants may file with SBA by downloading an
application from SBA's website
http://www.sba.gov/category/navigation-
structure/starting-managing-business/starting-
business/forms, or visiting a SBA local disaster
office. For more information, contact SBA Disaster
Assistance Customer Service Center at 800-659-2955
ordisastercustomerservice@sba.gov
www.sba.gov/services/disasterassistance.

3- Applicants should send the completed application
to SBA. Applicants are encouraged to go to a local
disaster recovery center (DRC) for assistance
completing the SBA application.  Some DRC
          SBA Loans

Through its Office of Disaster
Assistance, the SBA provides low-
interest loans for damage to
businesses that are not fully
covered by insurance. After a
declared disaster, SBA will deploy
loan officers to SBA local disaster
offices to provide face-to-face
service for disaster victims. Any
business that is located in a
declared disaster area and has
incurred damage during the
disaster may apply for a loan to
help repair or replace damaged
property to its pre-disaster
condition.

Physical disaster loans are for
permanent rebuilding and
replacement of uninsured or
underinsured disaster-damaged
privately-owned real and/or
personal property. SBA's physical
disaster loans are available to
businesses of all sizes.
locations will have business recovery centers with staff on the ground to help with paperwork
and questions. In addition, applicants may also go to one of the existing small business
development centers.
                          Additional State Assistance

  During some disasters, states may also request that FEMA assign and fund EPA to
  provide direct assistance with oil and hazardous materials cleanup. This is
  accomplished under the Oil and Hazardous Materials Response section (i.e., Emergency
  Support Function 10 [ESF-10] of the National Response Framework).  Facility owners do
  not request ESF-10 assistance directly from FEMA or EPA. Only a state can request
  assistance under this mechanism, and FEMA may require a state to contribute a
  percentage of the ESF-10 costs. For more information on the National Response
  Framework and ESF-10, see FEMA's web page: http://www.fema.qov/emerqency/nrf/.
                          Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 13

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References

EPA compiled many of the recommendations contained in this guide from other federal, state,
and industry organizations. Listed below are publications from other organizations that EPA
used to prepare this guide. They may be helpful to owners and operators when inspecting,
installing, repairing, or replacing UST systems that are impacted by flooding.

   •   American Petroleum Institute. Options for Consideration: Opening a Service Station
       after Flooding, 2005

   •   American Petroleum Institute. API Recommended Practice 1615 (1996, 5* ed),
       Installation of Underground Petroleum Storage Systems

   •   Canadian Petroleum Products Institute. Contingency planning for flood related
       emergencies at retail and wholesale petroleum facilities (2001). Retrieved from
       http://www.cppi.ca/pdf/FloodProcedures.pdf

   •   Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (2006).
       Salvageable Flooded Dispensing Facilities with USTs: Recommended Inspection and
       Integrity Assessment Protocol for Placing Flooded Facilities Back into Service.
       Retrieved from
       http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/dnrec2000/Divisions/AWM/ust/Download/pdf/Flooded%20
       USTs.pdf

   •   Federal Emergency Management Agency. Principles and Practices for the Design and
       Construction of Flood Resistant Building Utility Systems (1999). Retrieved from
       http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/pubs/pbuffd.shtm

   •   Federal Emergency Management Agency - NRF Resource Center. Retrieved from
       http://www.fema.gov/emergencv/nrf/aboutNRF.htm

   •   Federal Emergency Management Agency - State Offices and Agencies of Emergency
       Management. Retrieved from http://www.fema.gov/about/contact/statedr.shtm

   •   Iowa Department of Natural Resources (2008). Floods & Submerged USTs: Procedure
       to Return Tanks to Service. Retrieved from
       http://www.iowadnr.gov/land/ust/documents/ustflood608.html

   •   Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (2005). Plan For Evaluating
       Underground Storage Tank Sites Impacted By Hurricane Katrina. Retrieved from
       http://www.deq.louisiana.gov/portal/portal s/0/news/pdf/UST_Cover_Letter_and_Emerge
       ncv Declaration.pdf

   •   Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (2008). Plan For Evaluating
       Underground Storage Tank Sites Impacted By Hurricane Gustav. Retrieved from
       http://www.deq.state.la.us/portal/Portals/0/UndergroundStorageTank/hurricane%20packe
       t.pdf
                          Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 14

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•  Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (2006). Preparing Your Underground Storage Tank
   For A Flood. Retrieved from http://www.pca. state.mn.us/publications/t-u 1 -16.pdf

•  National Fire Protection Association. NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids
   Code, 2003

•  National Fire Protection Association. NFPA 30A Code for Motor Fuel Dispensing
   Facilities and Repair Garages, 2008

•  National Response Center - On-line reporting tool. Retrieved from
   http://www.nrc.uscg.mil/nrchp.html

•  Petroleum Equipment Institute. RP900 Recommended Practices for the Inspection and
   Maintenance of UST Systems

•  Petroleum Equipment Institute. RP100 Recommended Practices for Installation of
   Underground Liquid Storage Systems

•  Petroleum Equipment Institute. RP500 Recommended Practices for Inspection and
   Maintenance of Motor Fuel Dispensing Equipment

•  Siciliano, J. (2007). Mitigation funding in the FEMA Public Assistance Program.
   Adjusters International, Inc. Disaster Recovery Today (9). Retrieved from
   http://www.adjustersinternational.com/DisasterRecovervToday/?CFID=1274911&CFTO
   KEN= 17903 072

•  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Underground Storage Tanks - List of
   operation and maintenance resources: http://www.epa.gov/oust/ustsystm/tanko&m.htm

•  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency Management - National
   Response Center. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/partners/nrsnrc.htm

•  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency Management - Local
   Emergency Planning Requirements. Retrieved from
   http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/epcra/epcra_plan.htm

•  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency Management - Regional
   Emergency Management Programs. Retrieved from
   http ://www. epa.gov/OEM/content/regional .htm

•  Washington State Department of Ecology (2009). Focus on Flooding Prevention.
   Retrieved from http://www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/0909190.html
                      Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 15

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Appendix A - API  Checklist
Options for Consideration: Opening a Service Station after Flooding
This list is not intended to be a complete checklist. In general, after severe flooding, serious consideration should be
given to having a system test similar to a test done for a new installation completed by a competent technician. All
suggestions may not necessarily be applicable to every station or situation and therefore may not be required.
DOs:

UST
• Check electrical system for continuity and shorts (pumps, turbines, dispensers, emergency shutoff, panel box, etc.)
• Check Critical safety devices (e.g., shear valves, stop switches, isolation relays on dispensers, etc.)
• Check tank bottoms for water and debris (due to surface infiltration) *
• Check tightness testing of tanks
• Check deflection of fiberglass tanks. If deflection is greater than manufacturer's specification (general guideline is
2%), call the manufacturer for instruction
• Check cathodic protection system to ensure it is connected and operational
• Flush dispensers and entire UST system with nitrogen (or some other inert gas)
• If tanks shifted and problems are found, repair them according to appropriate industry standards (API 1615 and
NFPA 30 and 30A) and regulations (40 CFR 280)
• Follow proper procedures for calibrating tank inventory charts (SIR tank angle)
Dispenser/Lines
• Check vents for blockage and proper operation
• Eliminate water in dispenser sumps, pans, tank sumps,  etc.  (Sump water should be removed by an authorized
and/or state licensed waste hauler to be taken to an appropriate treatment facility.)
• Check vent and vapor lines (Stage II) for movement and cracking
• Check all Stage II system equipment (e.g., filters, screens, etc., for the presence of dirt, mud, etc.)
• Check dispenser filters and submersible check-valve screens for plugging with dirt or mud
• Check tightness testing of piping
Monitoring Equipment
• Check pressure transducers on product line leak detectors (ensure no water infiltration)
• Check monitoring wells for contamination
• Check with vendors for recommendations on proving equipment
• Ensure that communication system working related to any remote monitoring (GVR and the FMS)
• Ensure security systems are in place (cameras and alarm functions)
Miscellaneous
• Treat and dispose of any hazardous waste (i.e., gasoline contaminated water or water contaminated gasoline)
according to applicable federal (i.e., Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and its attendant regulations) and state
laws and regulations
• Ensure payment process is functioning
• Ensure adequate lighting on forecourt
• Clear all stormwater drains of debris
• Notify authorities as appropriate

DON'Ts:

• DO NOT receive new product until system integrity is proven
• DO NOT assume everything is okay because water didn't actually flood over station. The water table could have
risen and caused problems

* Stick tank or read automatic tank gauge system to determine whether water has entered the UST. If using ethanol
as an oxygenate in your fuels,  determine whether ETON phase-shift has occurred (use an ethanol-water detecting
paste). If water is in the tank and ethanol is not an oxygenate, have the water pumped from your UST by a licensed
and approved waste  hauler to be taken to an appropriate treatment facility.  If ethanol is used as an oxygenate and a
phase-shift has occurred, which could happen with 5-6 inches  of water) consider pumping the UST completely. Again
have the water pumped from your UST by a licensed and approved waste hauler to be taken to an appropriate
treatment  facility.
                         Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 16

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Appendix B - Selected State Information On Returning Flood
Impacted USTs To Service

Delaware Department of Natural Resources recommended guidance on UST inspection and assessment after a
flood
                                                  Department of Natural Resources
                                                    and Environmental Control
                                                    Tank Management Branch
                                                        391 Lukens Drive
                                                      Newcastle, DE 19720
                                                      (302) 395-2500 (phone)
                                                       (302) 395-2555 (fax)
  Salvageable Flooded Dispensing Facilities with USTs: Recommended Inspection
 and Integrity Assessment Protocol for Placing Flooded Facilities Back into Service


 1      Render the facility in a safe condition by turning off all power.

 2      Inspect for obvious damage to the dispensing facility. Cover pad movement is an indicator of
 possible tank movement. If there is an indication of cover pad movement, especially if the cover pad
 is needed to prevent floatation, remove cover pad, inspect tank and replace if tank is O.K.

 3      Any evidence of tank, vent or line movement (horizontal or vertical) will necessitate
 replacement of affected components. If the tank manufacturer will recertify the tank after removal, it
 may be reinstalled.

 4      Tanks and all lines need to be checked for water contamination and drained or pumped dry,
 cleaned and sanitized where necessary.

 5      Interstitial spaces of tanks and lines need to be drained, flushed and sanitized where possible.
 Blockage of interstitial spaces will render leak detection useless. Depending on the level of residual
 contamination at the  facility, certain leak detection methods may no longer be  viable. Be prepared to
 update leak detection equipment.

 6      Salvageable dispensers shall be flushed clean and all filters etc. replaced.

 7      Submerged dispensers will have to be replaced. This includes the hanging hardware.

 8      All facility sumps and spill buckets need to be pumped dry, cleaned and sanitized. Replace
 sump lid gaskets if applicable. If sump lids are missing, replace with new water tight lids. Test for
 tightness and replace sumps and spill buckets that fail tightness testing.

 9      Shear valves  and related safety equipment may be salvaged if they can be cleaned and
 lubricated with corrosion preventative. Some will  still have to be replaced.

 10     Sump sensors submerged for a prolonged period of time will need to be replaced.
                             Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 17

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11     In-tank pumps, ATG probes, overfill devices, automatic line leak detectors, fill and vapor
dust caps etc. are probably O.K. Assess their condition after cleaning and replace as necessary.

12     Non water-tight conduits will be a problem. Drain and sanitize wherever possible. Check
wiring for shorts. Consider sealing conduits where possible.

13     Submerged ATG consoles and any associated electronics will need to be replaced. If not
submersed, have certified technician perform a programming and operability check.

14     Submerged CP rectifiers and associated aboveground equipment protecting tanks and/or lines
will have to be replaced. If not submersed, have a NACE certified professional perform an
operability check of equipment. Inspect CP lines in saw cuts for damage and replace as necessary.  If
CP systems are out of service for an extended period of time, perform integrity assessment of
affected component before placing CP system back into service. A NACE certified professional will
be helpful in assessing the CP system.

15     Check accessible fittings, valves and miscellaneous piping for damage and corrosion. Clean
and replace as necessary.

16     Pressure test tanks, lines and interstitial spaces. Assess interstitial spaces for blockages,
especially if used for leak detection.

17     Perform blockage tests on all lines prior to start up.

18     To assess tightness of vapor spaces, perform pressure decay test of the system.

19     Document all inspection, repair and assessment activities at each flooded facility in
accordance with Tank Management Branch requirements.

20     Check with the Tank Management Branch to verify what Financial Responsibility items that
need to be addressed prior to placing the facility back into service.
                            Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 18

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Excerpt from Iowa Department of Natural Resources guidance for UST system evaluation

Before flooded UST systems are returned to operation, they must be evaluated by an Iowa licensed
installer, installation inspector or compliance inspector to determine the extent of damage or whether they
are suitable to receive product. The owner or operator must document to the DNR that the system has
been inspected and certified as safe to return to operation. A list of Iowa licensed  installers can be found
at DNR's UST Section website: http://www.iowadnr.com/land/ust/ustinstall.html.

The evaluation of UST status should begin as soon as conditions and officials allow flood area re-entry.
This policy assumes that there is a reasonable likelihood that a release of product  may have occurred if
an UST system has been submerged or affected by flood waters. The following procedure is intended to,
in part, comply with the "system check" requirements whenever there is a suspected release as provided
in agency rule 567 Iowa Administrative Code 135.6. This policy further assumes that damage may have
occurred  such that inspection, product removal and repairs may need to be undertaken. All submerged
and flood affected USTs must follow the proceeding evaluation before start up.

   1.  Measure for water in the tank bottoms with your ATG system or by using a gauge stick (capable
       of measuring the level of product to within 1/8 inch) and water finding paste.  If you have over an
       inch of water you will need to remove it. No water is acceptable for tanks containing an ethanol
       blend as the water will be absorbed by the ethanol and create fuel quality problems. Contact a
       hazardous waste management company (see last page for a list) for more information about
       removing water/ethanol mix from ethanol blended tanks.  Fuels sold in retail markets must meet
       strict ASTM standards; make sure your fuel quality is not compromised. Fine silts are present in
       flood waters and may contaminate the fuel. The fine silts will need to be removed if present.
       Fuels will have to be removed if the UST system is found to be damaged during the evaluation.

   2.  Before returning to operation, all flooded UST systems must conduct tank  and line tightness
       testing (0.1 gph). Tightness testing may be conducted using an Automatic Tank Gauging (ATG)
       system or a third party tightness tester. Tanks with secondary containment (double wall) may use
       interstitial monitoring in lieu of tightness testing. Tanks with confirmed "Fail" results must be
       emptied.

   3.  If water entered interstitial spaces of tanks and product lines, they must be drained and flushed
       where possible. Tanks with brine, vacuum or interstitial sensors may be returned to service if the
       levels are normal.

   4.  Empty and clean all containment sumps, spill  buckets and dispenser pans. If there is  no
       petroleum sheen on the water, you should be  able to empty it onto the concrete where it can
       evaporate. Water with  a petroleum sheen or floating product in a containment sump must be
       investigated for a release. The water and petroleum must be removed and properly disposed by
       a hazardous waste management company (a  list is provided with this guidance memo). Do not
       discharge contaminated water to a streets, storm sewers, ditches or sumps. Do not operate
       pumps and dispensers if they continue to fill with flood waters as there is chance water could
       enter the fueling system and damage components.

   5.  Submerged dispensers may have to be replaced or repaired if possible. Any submerged suction
       system will have damaged motors and pumps. Check hanging hardware for damage.

   6.  Check sump lid gaskets.  After initial cleaning  and drying make sure sumps, dispenser pans and
       spill buckets are liquid tight and prevent water ingress.

   7.  If you have more than one inch of water in a diesel or gasoline tank (non-ethanol blend), have it
       removed by a hazardous waste management  company. More than an inch of water at the bottom
       of the tank can contaminate fuel systems in vehicles.  Hazardous waste management companies
       can remove the water and leave the product in the tank.

   8.  Check the deflection of fiberglass tanks to make sure they meet the manufacturer's specification.
                            Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 19

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    9.  Determine whether the tank moved or shifted. If problems are found, repair according to
       manufacturer's instructions and appropriate industry standards and regulations.  These tanks
       must not receive fuel until that are deemed safe and tight.

    10. Check vents for movement, cracking, blockage and proper operation.  This is a common area for
       water ingress and damage from flooding.

    11. Check dispenser filters and submersible check-valve screens for plugging with dirt or mud.

    12. Check critical safety devices (e.g., emergency power off controls, line leak detectors, air
       compressor pressure limiters, shear valves, stop switches, isolation relays on dispensers, etc.).
       Shear valves may be salvaged if they can be cleaned and lubricated with corrosion preventative.
       Some may still have to be replaced.
    13. Sump sensors may need to be replaced after emergency conditions cease.

    14. Submersible turbine pumps, ATG probes, overfill devices, ALLDs and all caps at the top of the
       tanks must be assessed for damage and replaced  if necessary.

    15. After flooding has abated, submerged CP systems must be assessed by a NACE or Steel Tank
       Institute certified cathodic protection professional.  Submerged rectifiers may have to be replaced,
       if not submerged they must be checked for proper operation. Inspect CP wiring  in saw cuts for
       damage and replacement if necessary.

    16. Make sure the electrical system for the ATG, fueling and corrosion prevention systems is checked
       for shorts and continuity before restoring power.

    17. All electrical junction boxes and conduit should be inspected for the presence of water and dried
       or vacuumed and for the presence of electrical shorts or opens. Open all dispenser panels to
       inspect and dry out.

    18. Make sure tank management tags are present on the fill port.  If missing contact the numbers
       listed in this guidance.


The following steps should be taken after your LIST system is evaluated as safe and operational:

    1.  Check daily for the presence of water (with water finding paste) to ensure the system is tight.  If
       these water checks indicate excessive water or you are showing loss of product on daily
       inventory, the tanks should be emptied of product and use of the tanks should discontinue.  Such
       a condition must be reported to DNR (515.281.8879 or 515.281.8779) no later than 24 hours after
       discovery. See rule 567 IAC 135.6 .

    2.  Use daily inventory control and monthly reconciliation if your current electronic method of leak
       detection is not operating. Guidance books and log sheets for daily inventory control and monthly
       reconciliation are provided on EPA's website: http://www.epa.gov/OUST/pubs/doing.htm.
                            Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 20

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Excerpt from Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality plan for evaluating underground storage tank
sites impacted by Hurricanes Gustav and Katrina
GENERAL INFORMATION

UST  Owners/Operators  will  be  responsible for evaluating  underground  storage  tank
systems to determine if they are suitable for receiving product. Flooded systems that are
determined to be suitable for receiving product may be put back into service and should
have an integrity test performed as soon as contractors and services become available to
perform the testing and no later than six months after product was first placed into the tank
after flooding. If the tank inspection outlined below (or subsequent monitoring of the tank),
indicates that  the  system has been comprised; the  system  should be taken  out of
service and repaired or replaced as necessary  and an  integrity test performed prior to
again putting the system into operation.

General Evaluation Protocol for Contractors

No equipment should be turned on prior to  examination. Check  all electrical panels  and
make sure they are clean and dry. All equipment related to electric power service should be
inspected  and any  necessary repairs should  be made prior to  power restoration.  This
includes all fueling systems, leak-detection devices and corrosion prevention  (impressed
current) equipment. The electrical system should be  checked for continuity  and shorts
(pumps, turbines, dispensers, ATG consoles, emergency shutoff, panel  box, etc.)

Specifically,  all electrical junction boxes and dispenser heads should be opened, inspected
and dried  if necessary. Conduits should be inspected for the presence of water, insulation
damage, shorts  or  opens.  Conduits exhibiting water  should  be dried or vacuumed as
appropriate and all defective wiring should be replaced. To apply electrical power to a  UST
system before conducting basic examination could be extremely dangerous.

Submerged pumps and dispensers should not be operated if there  is the possibility of water
entering into the system as pumping water may damage hydraulic components.

Technical  Protocol for Contractors

These protocols should be followed to place tanks  back into service:

      1. Stick tanks using water finding paste or read  automatic tank gauge system, if
            operable, to determine whether water has entered the UST.
      2. Flooded or water impacted tanks and all lines may need to  be drained of water
            and dirt/mud  or  perhaps  pumped dry and cleaned as conditions  warrant.
            Liquids removed  must be properly handled and disposed.
      3. Interstitial spaces of tanks  and  lines of double walled systems, if flood-impacted,
            will need to be  drained and flushed where possible. Blockage of interstitial
            spaces will render leak detection useless. Depending on the level of residual
            contamination at the facility, certain leak detection methods may no longer be
            viable.  Tanks with brine or vacuum interstitial sensors  may be returned to
            service if brine or vacuum levels are normal. Be prepared to update damaged
            leak detection equipment after emergency conditions are abated.
                         Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 21

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4. All facility sumps, pans, and spill  buckets need to be pumped dry and cleaned.
      Replace sump lid gaskets if applicable. If sump lids are missing, replace with
      new water tight lids. Replace sumps and spill buckets that fail to prevent
      water intrusion after initial cleaning and drying.
5. Check tank bottoms for water and debris. Remove and  dispose as appropriate
      (see item #2 above).
6. Check deflection of fiberglass tanks. If deflection is greater than manufacturer's
      specification (general guideline is 2%) call the manufacturer for instruction.
7. If tanks shifted and problems are found, repair or replace them  according to
      manufacturer's   instructions  and   appropriate  industry   standards  and
      regulations.  Obviously,  these systems should  be  shut  down  and not
      receive fuel until they are deemed safe for reuse (tightness tested).
8. Check vents for movement, cracking, blockage and proper operation.
9. Check dispenser filters and submersible check-valve screens for plugging with dirt
      or mud.
10.  Flush dispensers  and LIST system if necessary. Collect  fluids for proper
      disposal.
11.  Check  critical safety devices (e.g., emergency power  off controls,  line leak
      detectors, air  compressor pressure limiters,  shear  valves,  stop switches,
      isolation relays on dispensers, etc.) Shear valves may be salvaged if they can
      be cleaned and lubricated with corrosion preventative. Some will still have to
      be replaced.
12.  Sump sensors may need to be replaced after emergency conditions  cease.
13.  In-tank pumps, Automatic Tank Gauge (ATG) probes, overfill devices, automatic
      line leak detectors, fill and vapor dust caps, etc. should be assessed. Assess
      their condition after cleaning and replace as necessary.
14.  ATG consoles and any associated electronics that are  not submerged, should
      have a programming and operability check performed by a certified technician
      after emergency conditions cease.
15.  After emergency  conditions are  abated, submerged Corrosion  Protection (CP)
      rectifiers and  associated aboveground equipment  protecting tanks and/or
      lines may have to be replaced. If not submersed have a National Association
      of Corrosion Engineers  (NACE) certified professional perform an operability
      check of the equipment.  Inspect CP lines in saw cuts for damage and replace
      as necessary. If CP systems are out of service for an  extended period of time
      perform  integrity assessment of affected  component before  placing  CP
      system  back into service.  A NACE certified professional  will be  helpful
      assessing the CP system.
16.  Check  accessible fittings,  valves  and miscellaneous  piping for damage and
      corrosion. Clean and replace as necessary.
17.  Document all inspection, assessment  and repair  activities at each  LIST system
      site.  Provide this information to the LDEQ in stand-alone report format within
      90 days of initiation of operations of that LIST facility.
18.  Submerged dispensers will have to be replaced or repaired as  necessary. This
      includes the hanging hardware. Any suction system dispensers  will probably
      have  flood  impacted   motors  and  pumps  and   may   need complete
      replacement.
                  Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 22

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General Protocol Upon Resumption of Service:

Depending on the level of residual contamination at the facility, certain leak detection
methods may no longer be viable. Daily inventory control (with strict record keeping) may be
the short-term leak detection method by necessity. Daily checks for water with water-finding
paste should be done for several days until it has been determined that the system is tight.
If these daily water checks indicate excessive water or the daily inventory control shows
loss of product, the tanks should be emptied of product and use of the tanks should
cease. Notification of these conditions should be made to the LDEQ LIST hotline (225) 219-
3406) as soon as practical.
Post Start-Up Protocol for Contractors

This  protocol should be followed once flood-impacted tanks have been placed back into
service  and emergency response and restoration  have been completed or  as otherwise
directed by LDEQ:

Precision  tightness test tanks,  lines and interstitial spaces (after emergency conditions
abate).  Assess interstitial spaces  for blockages,  especially if  used for  leak  detection.
Decisions  regarding replacement of tanks and lines should be made based on outcome of
these tests. LDEQ field  staff should be consulted  on  these decisions whenever possible.
Cathodic protection systems should be  checked to make sure they are  connected and
operational.

These actions are being delayed in an effort to expedite fuel delivery capabilities and due to
unavailability of sufficient contractors to  perform the otherwise required work  in a timely
manner. All leak detection equipment must be put back into operation as soon as practically
possible or as directed by the LDEQ after the emergency has abated.

Other General Provisions for Owner/Operators and Contractors:

At flood-impacted  sites, facilities  will  be allowed  to  salvage  useable  fuel in USTs by
checking fuel for water and allow salvage of useable fuel. If flood water covered vent lines,
displacement of  fuel would have occurred and  large volumes  of water may exist in the
affected USTs and require proper storage/disposal. This water should not be discharged to
areas such as streets, storm drains, sumps and ditches that are not permitted to receive
these liquids.

Requirements for remediation of contaminated groundwater via approved corrective action
plans in place  prior to  the Hurricane are  suspended at LIST sites in the parishes  of
Jefferson,  Orleans, Plaquemines and St.  Bernard unless otherwise directed by the LDEQ.
However, LDEQ may require systems remediating free phased product to continue pumping
operations.

Sites  which have not experienced impacts from the Hurricane shall continue with routine
remedial efforts and  reporting (Unless RAC/consulting firm handling the remediation has
been affected and displaced by the storm).

All facilities in which remedial efforts are temporarily suspended or delayed  must provide
notice to the LDEQ  UST  hotline  (225)  219-3406  and provide written documentation as
directed.
                         Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 23

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EVALUATION SCHEDULE

The evaluation of LIST status should be initiated as soon as conditions allow flood area re-
entry. Further testing will be performed once emergency conditions and major restoration
efforts are complete and when sufficient contractors are available to perform the work. This
further testing should be performed no later than six months after product was first placed
into the tank after flooding.
                         Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 24

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Minnesota Pollution Control Agency guidance on preparing an UST before a flood
       Minnesota
       Pollution
       Control
       Agency
       t-u1-16
                             Preparing  Your  Underground
                             Storage  Tank  for  a Flood
                                     What to do if flooding
                                     threatens an
                             underground storage tank
                             If you have not properly anchored your
                             tank and if floodwaters or rising ground
                             water threaten your underground storage
                             tank (UST) system, follow these steps to
                             keep the tank in the ground and prevent
                             water from entering the system:
Tanks/Underground/Storage Tanks #1.16 • August 2006

         • Keep the tank full of product. This will
           add weight to the tank so it will not
           final out ol'lhe ground. Do not iill the
           tank with water; if you do, you will
           have lo properly dispose of the water
           later, and disposal of contaminated
           water can be very expensive.

         • Secure all the openings on top of the
           tank. Make sure the fill caps arc in
           good condition and fastened securely
           in place. Also, check the seal on the
           plungers in the spill buckets so water
           cannot get into the tank.

         • Pressurized piping systems have shear
           valves. Close or "trip" the shear
           valve, "lliis will prevent product from
           getting out of the pipelines if debris
           floats by and knocks over a dispenser.

         • Secure all the openings on top of'thc
           tank. Make sure Ihc iill caps arc in
           good condition and fastened securely
           in place. Also, check the seal on the
           plungers in the spill buckets so water
           cannot get into the tank.

         • Turn oil the electricity to the UST
           system, lliis includes power to the
           dispensers, pumps, lighting and any
           other system components.
                             Figure 1. Tanks ate typically buried 3 ta 4
                             feel he law finished grade to provide
                             adequate slope for piping and protection
                             from traffic loads. Except in areas -with high
                             water tables or areas subject to flooding, the
                             weight of the backfill and pavement over the
                             tank is sufficient to offset buoyance and
                             prevent flotation.
              Minnesota Pollution Control Agency • 520 Lafayette Rd. N., St. Paul, MN 55155-4194 • wmj.pea state mn.js
                651-296-6300 • 800-657-3864 • TTY 651-282-5332 or 800-657-3864  • Available in alternative formats
                                 Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 25

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What to do if a tank floats out of its
excavation

If your tank was not anchored when it was installed, it
may float out of its excavation. If so, follow these steps:

  » If there is any evidence of spilled product, call the
    Minnesota Duty Officer at 800-422-0758 or
    651-649-5451. The Duty Officer will inform
    Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA)
    Emergency Response of the spill.
  » Call your local fire department.
  » Turn off any power m the vicinity of thetank(s) and
    piping. If any power lines are down in the area
    around the tank(s), call the power company
    immediately.
  » Rope off the area and keep people away from the
    hole in the ground.
  • If you tank has not floated away, empty it of all
    product.
  » Call a certified tank removal contractor to remove
    the piping and tank properly.
  • Call the MPCA's Tank Compliance and
    Enforcement Unit at 651-296-6300 or
    1-800-657-3864 for information about tank removal,
    rein stall ati on or replacement; or potential assistance.

What to do if the system is submerged by
floodwater or subject to abnormally high
ground water

In some instances, tanks pop right out of the ground, but
in other instances, the tank and piping system may shift
in the ground, threatening the integrity of the storage
system. If your UST system becomes submerged by
floodwater or if it is subject to abnormally high ground
water, follow these steps when the floodwater or ground
water has receded:

  » Turn off the power (electricity) to any UST related
    equipment before beginning any investigation. This
    includes the power to the dispensers, pumps, release
    detection equipment, and other devices.
  » Remove water from the surnp(s) under the
    dispensers and above the tanks. Sumps at USTs are
    commonly located around the fill pipe and the
    submersible pump. Inspect the piping and fittings for
    damage and possible leaks.
             * Test the leak detection system on your tanks and
               piping. If no leak detection system has been
               installed, run tightness tests to ensure the integrity of
               the entire system.
             • Use water finding paste on the end of your gauge
               stick to determine whether water has entered the
               tank. If it has not, the UST system is probably intact
               and further investigation is not needed. Continue to
               keep good inventory records so that pro duct loss will
               be easy to identify should aleak occur; good records
               are essential whether you have a flood or not.
             « If there is water in the tank, try to determine its
               source. Water may have entered through aloose
               fitting on top of the tank or the UST may have
               shifted in the ground, damaging the tank, piping or
               both. Testing of the piping and tank is required if
               you are unable to determine how water entered the
               system.

             « Ifthetankhas  a cathodic protection system, test it to
               make sure it is still operating properly.

           What can be done during tank installation
           that would help if there's a flood or high
           water table
           There are three main methods of restraint that will
           prevent atank from floating because of flooding or a
           high water table:

             * Increase the burial depth and/or amount of pavement
               above the tank. The extra weight of the backfill and
               pavement is often enough to keep the tank from
               floating. Note that the maximum burial depth for
               fiberglass tanks is seven feet. The burial depth
               should not exceed the manufacturer's
               re c omm end ati o n.

             * Use a hold-down pad. This is a cement pad placed
               underneath the tank.  (See Figure 2.)
             » Use deadrnan anchors. Deadman anchors are beams
               of reinforced concrete that are placed alongthe sides
               of atank. Extending straps are placed over the tank
               and attached to the anchors.  (See Figure 3.)
Preparing Your Underground Storage Tank for a Flood
t-u1-16  • August 2006
     Page 2
                                                                                                    PoSfutlofi
                             Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 26

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Washington State Department of Ecology guidance on flood prevention for USTs in high risk areas


        Focus on Flooding Prevention
        DEPARTMENT OF
        ECOLOGY
        State of Washington
        Toxics Cleanup Program
        Flood Prevention for Underground
        Storage Fuel Tanks in the Green River
        Valley

        If you have an underground fuel storage tank and you live
        below the Howard Hanson Dam in the Green River Valley,
        your lank system may be at higher risk for damage during
        the coming flood season (roughly October through March).
        The King County Flood Control District has warned residents,
        businesses and farms below the Howard Hanson Darn to prepare
        now for a higher risk of flooding.

        The higher risk is due to water seeping more rapidly through the
        earthen bank next to the dam after record high water last winter.
        Until the U.S. Army Corps ol Engineers (Corps) ran make repairs, it
        will limit the amount of flood water it stores behind the dam,
        according to the district's August 10th, 2009, bulletin.

        The restricted flood storage means if heavy and prolonged rain
        occurs this flood season, many homes, businesses and agricultural
        lands in the valley that don't typically flood could be flooded by
        several leet ol water. This includes parts ol Auburn, Kent, Ren ton.
        South Seattle and Tiikwila according to the district bulletin.

        If flooding should occur; your underground fuel storage lank
        system may be affected or damaged by flooding in several ways:

           •  Empty or very low fuel could cause certain tanks to float out
              of the ground,
           •  Loose fittings above the tanks could cause water to enter the
              tanks and displace the fuel out of the tanks.
           •  Groundwater pressure can put stress on underground piping
              possibly causing it to shift and crack.
           •  Water and debris tan damage electrical systems.

        There are several possible steps you can take in advance to limit the
        damage to your underground tank and the environment if flooding
        occurs.

           •  Keep the lank one-third to two-thirds full of fuel. This will
              add weight to the tank so it is less likely to float out of the
              ground. Do not fill the tank full; at least one-third of the tank
              should be empty to allow for potential flood water that may
            August 2009
Contact information

For reporting a spill or tank
failure:
Ecology's Spills
Reporting Hotline
1-800-258-5990

If you have questions about
your underground fuel
storage system:
Northwest Region
(425)649-7000
Southwest Region
(360)407-6300

Department of Agriculture
(360) 902-1857

Ecology UST Web page:
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pro
grams/tcp/ust-
lust/tanks.html

Links for flooding
publications on web page
http://www.ecv.wa.gov/Dro
grams/tcp/ust-
lust/tanks.html

Finding an UST service
provider:
http://www.ecv.wa.gov/pro
grams/tcp/ust-
lust/svc pro/svc prov disc
laimer.html

King County Web Page on
Flooding:
htlp://www.kinKcounlv.gov7s
afely/FloodPlan/GreenRiver
Valley.aspx
        Publication Number: 09-09-190
                                                                          £} Please reuse and recycle
                               Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 27

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       enter the bulk through fittings; this will lessen the likelihood of fuel being released into the
       floodwater.
   •   Secure all the openings on lop of the lank. Make sure the (ill caps are in good condition and
       fastened securely. Also, check the seal on the plungers in the spill buckets so water cannot get
       into the tank.  Have your tank service provider ensure all riser fillings above your tank are light,
       including the following risers: vapor recovery, Automatic Tank Gauge probe, interstitial port,
       and empty risers.

II you need lo evacuate the site due to imminent flooding please lake the following sleps:
   •   Close or "trip" the shear valve on your pressuri7.ed piping system lo prevenl luel from gelling
       out of the pipelines if debris floats by and knocks over a dispenser.
   •   Start a log book with the level of fuel and water in each lank or print out the level from ihe
       automatic tank gauge syslem if you have one.
   •   Turn off the electricity to the system. This includes power to the dispensers, pumps, lighting
       and any other system components.

Procedures to follow fora spill from your underground storage tank:
   •   It there is any  evidence of spilled luel, call Ihe Ecology's Spills Reporting Hotline (sec Mrr siii1 cj
       liiis publication for amlact information).
   •   Call your local fire department.
   •   Turn off any power in the vicinity of the tank(s) and piping. If any power lines are down in the
       area around the lank(s), call die power company immediately.
   •   If your tank has floated out of the ground, rope off the area and keep people away from the hole
       in the ground.

After the flood recedes do not use the tanks until you have completed the following sleps:
   •   Check your lank for water, using a stick and water-finding paste. If there is water, have it
       removed. Even though you do not see water on  the pavement, the flood waters may slill be
       underground above the lank where you cannot see it. Have a tank service provider remove
       water from your spill buckets and all siunps above the tanks and under the dispensers.
   «   Stick the tanks every 2 hours and keep a log book with the level of fuel  and level of water.
       Check your firsl reading against the fuel level before Ihe flood. Determine if you have lost
       any fuel out of the tank. If the amount of fuel in your tank is decreasing, it must immediately he
       removed by a reclaimer or recycler. If water continues to accumulate, have it removed. When no
       water has entered the tank for a full 24 hours, you may proceed lo ihe tank and line lightness
       testing.
   •   Tank and line tightness vesting must be performed by a certified tank service provider to ensure
       the system is light and not damaged.  The tank service provider must also verify the condition of
       your system and determine if the underground storage tank system meets requirements. If you
       fail the tank tightness test, the remaining fuel must be removed by a reclaimer or recycle!.

If your underground storage tank system passes the tightness testing and is in compliance with the
tank regulations, the next steps are:
       •  If your tank took on water, the remaining fuel must he tested to ensure it meets fuel quality
          specifications. Please call the Department of  Agriculture, for more information.
PuMcaflonNumien 08-09-190                                              ,3 Please reuse and recycle
                         Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 28

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       •  If your tank contains E10 gasoline or alcohol-blended fuels, the remaining fuel must be
          tested to ensure it meets fuel quality specifications; even if yoxir water-finding paste did not
          detect water.  Alcohol-blended fuels can contain entrained water above the allowable limits,
          which the water-finding paste may not pick up. Please call the Department of Agriculture
          lor more information.
       •  If the luel does not meet Kiel quality specifications it musl be removed by a reclaimer or
          recycler.

See two additional Ecology publications: Hooding'. Evaluating iiaur Underground Storage Tank System Kefore
Restart and Instructumsfor Service Prtnriders —Underground Storage Tank System Restart After Hoot/ing (link
arc on the Ecology's UST web page: see the first page of this publication for information).
Special accommodations:
To ask about the availability of this document in a version for the visually impaired call the Toxic Cleanup Program
at 360-407-7170, Persons with hearing loss, call 711 for Washington Relay Service. Persons with a speech
disability, call 877-833-6341.
                                                                           QPIease reuse and recycle
                         Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide 29

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United States                       Solid Waste And                     EPA 510-R-10-002
Environmental                      Emergency Response                November 2010
Protection Agency                   5401P                             www.epa.gov/oust/

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