FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE
ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES:
AUGUST 2011
542F11012
FRTR HIGHLIGHTS
Twenty new cost and performance case
studies posted on the Federal Remediation
Technologies Roundtable (FRTR) website.
Summary and presentations from the
FRTR meeting on Fractured Bedrock Media
(November 2010) posted on the FRTR
website.
EPA's Office of Superfund Remediation
and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) has
developed a website -The Fractured
Bedrock Focus Area - to provide information
on efforts to identify and remediate
contaminated fractured bedrock sites. For
more information, visit www.cluin.org/
products/fracrock. The website includes
resources related to fractured bedrock
media, including
• Brief profiles of fractured bedrock sites
that identify the nature and extent of
contamination, the geology affecting
assessment and remediation efforts,
characterization and remediation actions
taken or planned, and points of contact.
The site allows browsing or searching of
the profiles.
• Online bibliographies and additional
websites providing information on site
remediation and characterization in
fractured bedrock media.
FRTR's"What's New" website contains a
recent publication by the Naval Facilities
Engineering Command (NAVFAC). The
publication titled Technology Transfer (T2)
Five Year Program Plan for Environmental
Restoration 2010-2014, provides information
on innovative technologies, lessons learned
during field applications, and additional
technical challenges faced by Navy Remedial
Project Managers (RPMs). It provides a
summary of theT2 process, including
mechanisms, products, and future directions
for the T2 program.
This fact sheet summarizes the activities
of the Federal Remediation Technologies
Roundtable (FRTR) over the last year.
The FRTR is an interagency working
group that encourages cooperation
among member agencies to promote
development and use of new
technologies for improved remediation
of hazardous waste sites. Primary
members of the FRTR include the U.S.
Department of Defense (DoD), the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S.
Department of the Interior (DOT), the
U.S. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA).
The roundtable has met twice each
year to share information since it was
established in May 1990. Meeting
summaries and presentations are
available on the FRTR website at:
www.frtr.gov. Recent meetings have
focused on Vapor Intrusion (November
2009) and Low Cost Treatment
Technologies for Soil and Groundwater
(May 2010). The 41st FRTR meeting,
held in November 2010, focused on
Characterization of Contamination in
Fractured Media; the objectives of the
meeting were as follows:
» Improve communication and
common understanding of
characterization and remediation
issues associated with fractured
bedrock.
» Share experience and lessons
learned in advancing best practices.
* Outline key issues and develop
shared strategies to address them.
This fact sheet highlights ongoing
efforts by the FRTR member agencies to
better understand characterization and
remediation in fractured media.
The complex geologic nature
of fractured media impacts the
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2011
characterization of such media and the design,
implementation, and success of remediation
strategies. The complex distribution and connectivity
of fractures, joints, conduits, and other discontinuities
in the rock, coupled with the large range in their
hydraulic properties, results in highly convoluted
flow paths over large distances. Fractured rock and
carbonate aquifers are also characterized by void
space associated with the initial formation of the
rock, which influences the long-term retention of
contaminants. Recent advances in understanding
physical and chemical processes and characterizing
groundwater flow and chemical transport in fractured
rock aquifers are leading to defensible conceptual
site models (CSM) that can minimize the number
of monitoring locations, while achieving long-term
monitoring objectives. Several characterization
and remediation technologies are currently being
used both at pilot- and full-scale levels to improve
the understanding of these sites. At the 41s1 FRTR
meeting, several such innovative characterization
and remediation technologies for use at sites with
fractured media were highlighted. In addition, some
speakers also recommended changes to management
strategies at such sites.
Fractured Media-Related Efforts within DoD
A Navy site is being used to study characterization
and remediation of contaminated fractured media.
The presence of chlorinated solvents in fractured
sedimentary bedrock at the former Naval Air Warfare
Center (NAWC) site in West Trenton, New Jersey
(http://nj.usgs.gov/nawc) has provided opportunities
for studies of subsurface processes and new
characterization and monitoring technologies. At
a site where a pump and treat system was already
in place, a study demonstrated the significance of
aquifer testing and hydrogeologic characterization
to design a cost-effective remediation strategy that
involved injection of bioaugmentation amendments.
The study also demonstrated the importance of
monitoring at intermediate wells to help better
interpret bioaugmentation results. Another study
used rock coring to evaluate the effectiveness of a
thermal conductive heating at NAWC and found
that the method had removed nearly 70 percent of
the trichloroethene (TCE) from the saturated rock
samples. These studies demonstrated that good
CSMs are critical for selecting remediation methods
and interpreting results. Continuous characterization
of fractured rock sites is important, even during the
remediation phase and is essential to achieve an
iterative synthesis of multiple investigations.
Fractured Media-Related Ffforts within
the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Under the Toxics Substances Hydrology Program, the
USGS is conducting research on the fate, transport,
and remediation of chloroethene contamination
in fractured rocks at the NAWC site (http://toxics.
usgs.gov/sites/nawc_page.html). The dipping
sedimentary rocks at this site have highly variable
hydraulic properties and convoluted groundwater
flow and chemical transport pathways. A complex
distribution of TCE and its daughter products exists
in the fractures and the primary porosity (rock
matrix). Research objectives include advancing
the understanding of physical, chemical, and
microbiological processes and properties affecting
chloroethene fate and transport in fractured rocks and
evaluating chloroethene remediation methods and
monitoring strategies. Field investigations, laboratory
analyses, and computer modeling are being used
to address these objectives. Specific activities
include testing hypotheses about CSMs, identifying
contaminant transport pathways, and elucidating
TECHNOLOGY NEWS
AND TRENDS (TNT)
NEWSLETTER HIGHLIGHTS
FRACTURED BEDROCK
The December 2010 issue of theTNT Newsletter, published
by EPA's OSRTI, highlighted three pilot studies that involved
characterization and remediation at fractured bedrock
sites contaminated with volatile organic compounds.
The three sites are Valmont TCE Superfund Site near
Hazleton, Pennsylvania, Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC)
site in West Trenton, New Jersey, and Atlas "E" Missile
Site No. 12 (Atlas 12} at the F.E. Warren Air Force Base in
Windsor, Colorado. These sites demonstrated the use of
remediation technologies such as subsurface injection
of reactive amendments and in situ thermal conductive
heating systems. They also tested the use of geophysical
tools to interpret hydraulic fracture networks at sites. The
December 2010 TNT Newsletter can be downloaded at
www.clu-in.org/download/newsltrs/tnandt1210.pdf
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2011
the processes controlling natural and enhanced
biodegradation. Results are being disseminated to
EPA, DoD, and other agencies, to provide a scientific
foundation for decisions related to prevention,
remediation, monitoring, and management of
contaminant spills and releases in fractured rock
aquifers.
Fractured Media-Related Efforts within EPA
EPA's Office of Superfund Remediation and
Technology Innovation (OSRTI) has developed a
website to provide information on efforts to identify
and remediate contaminated fractured bedrock sites.
Site profiles on this website provide information on
the nature and extent of contamination problems
at a fractured bedrock site, geology affecting site
assessment and remediation efforts, characterization
and remediation actions taken or planned, and site
contacts to facilitate open communication between
individuals involved in applying these technologies.
Information for the profiles is collected from technical
journals and conference proceedings, as well as other
published sources. As of March 2011, the website
includes 229 profiles, addressing 8 remediation and 12
characterization technologies. As further information
is obtained, EPA plans to update and expand this
website with updated and new fractured bedrock
profiles. For more information, visit
www.cluin.org/products/fracrock.
Remediation Case Studies and Technology Assessment Reports
A major activity of the FRTR throughout the year is
to collect and distribute information from federal
and state agencies on the use of new technologies at
their sites. Each year, the FRTR compiles reports and
makes them available at the website - www.frtr.gov.
The "What's New" section is updated monthly and
provides notices about meetings, conferences, and
publications of relevance to FRTR stakeholders.
The FRTR website provides case studies and reports
in four categories: Remediation Technology, Site
Characterization and Monitoring, Long-Term
Monitoring and Optimization, and .Remediation
Technology Assessment. The case studies share data
collected by member agencies and are based on real
experiences and lessons learned in selecting and
implementing site characterization and treatment
technologies to delineate and remediate soil and
groundwater contamination at hazardous waste
sites. Remediation case study reports describe the
performance and cost of technology applications for
full-scale and large-scale demonstration projects.
FRACTURED MEDIA-RELATED RESOURCES
1. EPA's Fractured Bedrock Focus Area: This searchable website, developed by EPA OSRTI, provides brief profiles
of fractured bedrock sites, including contaminants, site geology, characterization and remediation actions, and
points of contact, www.cluin.org/products/fracrock/viewsites.cfm
2. Multifunction Bedrock-Aquifer Transportable Testing Tool (BATS): This tool, tested by the USGS, is designed to
conduct tests that measure permeability of fractured bedrock and to collect water samples for geochemical
analyses from short intervals of boreholes in fractured bedrock aquifers. The equipment can be readily
transported from site to site, easily assembled, and adjusted to accommodate different borehole conditions,
such as fracture density that may vary across locations. The BAT3 also includes data-acquisition equipment
that allows the storage, display, and interpretation of hydraulic data as it is collected. Its compact and portable
design keeps shipping costs manageable and it has been used at several sites throughout the eastern U.S. to
characterize fractured bedrock aquifers, http://toxics.usgs.gov/highlights/bat3
3. The Bedrock Bioremediation Center (BBC) at the University of New Hampshire (UNH), specializes in
multidisciplinary research using naturally occurring microbes that live along the fractures in bedrock to
remediate organically contaminated bedrock aquifers. The BBC is comprised of a consortium of faculty
from the University's Environmental Research Group (ERG), and the UNH Departments of Civil Engineering,
Microbiology, Earth Sciences, and Natural Resources, www.unh.edu/erg/bbc/index.html
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2011
REMEDIATION OF DNAPLTHROUGH SEQUENTIAL IN
SITU CHEMICAL OXIDATION AND BIOAUGMENTATION
Highlight of New Remediation Technology Cost and Performance Report
Remediation of DNAPL Through Sequential In
Situ Chemical Oxidation and Bioaugmentation
This field demonstration was conducted at Launch Complex 34, an unused i—
launch facility at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Adjacent to the
c . ', . D .... ,rco. ..- • . Cost and Performance Report
Engineering Support Building (ESB) at the demonstration sites, there is an
extensive trichloroethene (TCE) dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source
present in groundwater. During an in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) demonstration
in 1999, 942,985 gallons of a potassium permanganate solution was injected
into a 75 foot by 50 foot test plot to treat the DNAPL source. This demonstration
was conducted to assess the technical feasibility of coupling the ISCO source
treatment conducted in 1999 with in situ bioremediation (ISB) as a secondary
remediation approach to address residual DNAPL at the site. The pilot test area
for the 2003/2004ISCO/ISB demonstration was located within the previous ISCO
demonstration plot. A preliminary site investigation conducted in December
2002 indicated the presence of residual DNAPL at the site. Based on 2002 soil
sampling results, concentrations of TCE in soil exceeded 10,800 milligrams per
kilogram (mg/kg) at the pilot test area.
Construction of the ISB system began in 2003 and ISB system operated between
June 2003 and August 2004. The demonstration was conducted in three
operational phases: (1) baseline phase, using groundwater circulation alone,
started on December 8, 2003; (2) biostimulation phase with the addition of the
electron donor, started on March 1,2004; and (3) bioaugmentation phase, where
the test plot was bioaugmented with KB-1TM, a bacterial consortium containing Dehalococcoides species, on April 15, 2004.
The demonstration was discontinued in August 2004 (sooner than anticipated) due to several hurricanes and biofouling issues.
This resulted in several performance objectives not being met. Following the completion of the demonstration, a final round of
groundwater samples was collected from the onsite monitoring wells in August 2005,12 months after system shutdown. Over
the duration of the demonstration, TCE concentrations decreased significantly to non-detect levels. The addition of electron
donor resulted in the biodegradation of TCE to cis-dichloroethene (DCE) and additional dechlorination occurred flowing the
bioaugmentation phase resulting in the formation of vinyl chloride and to a lesser extent ethane. Despite these results, the
limited duration of the demonstration made it challenging to conclusively assess the DNAPL mass reduction using sequential
ISCO and ISB.
Remediation Technology Cost and
Performance Case Studies
More than 410 Remediation Technology Cost and
Performance Case Studies (treatment or containment)
are available on the FRTR website. Recently, nine new
cost and performance case studies for remediation
technologies have been added. These case studies
address the use of in situ remediation technologies
for contaminated soil and groundwater. Prepared
by DoD's Environmental Security Technology
Certification Program (ESTCP), these new case
studies provide data on the cost and performance
of various technologies including nanotechnology,
bioremediation, in situ chemical oxidation, and
monitored natural attenuation to treat a range
of contaminants such as chlorinated solvents,
perchlorate and explosives.
Site Characterization and Monitoring Reports
This focus area includes reports on field-based site
characterization and monitoring technologies, and
documents experiences and lessons learned in field
demonstrations and full-scale applications; more than
195 reports are currently available. Two new reports,
both addressing the characterization of organic
chemicals, have been added, with one provided
by the DoD ESTCP and the other by Interstate
Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC).
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2011
EMULSIFIED ZERO-VALENT NANO-SCALE IRON TREATMENT
OF CHLORINATED SOLVENT DNAPL SOURCE AREAS
Highlight of New Remediation Technology Cost and Performance Report
and Performance Report
This field demonstration was conducted at the Site45 Dry Cleaning Facility, located
in the Main Post area at Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD) in South
Carolina. Following the removal of an underground storage tank system in 1988,
four aboveground storage tanks were placed along the northern side the former
dry cleaner facility (Building 193} at the site. In March 11,1994, one of the tanks
was overfilled with tetrachloroethene (PCE) and an unknown amount flowed into
a concrete catch basin. This overflow was washed onto the surrounding soil during
heavy rainfall at the site. Results of previous field investigations indicate that
chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOC) contamination in the surface and
subsurface soil at the site has impacted groundwaterfrom the upper boundaries
of the unconfined aquifer to about 19 feet below ground surface (bgs). Results
of a 2005 field investigation indicate the presence of a dense non-aqueous phase
liquid (DNAPL) source area consisting primarily of PCE. The DNAPL source area
has been relatively well-characterized and was ideal for this demonstration. The
purpose of the demonstration is to evaluate the ability of emulsified zero-valent
iron (EZVI) to remediate the chlorinated solvent DNAPL source zone at the site,
achieve pre-established radius of influence goals, and evaluate the ability of
Pneumatic and Direct Injection techniques to evenly distribute EZVI in a controlled
manner. EZVI was injected into the test plots at the site in October 2006. 576
gallons of EZVI was injected into 8 locations within the Pneumatic Injection test
plot, and a total of 151 gallons of EZVI was injected into 4 locations within the
Direct Injection test plot. There were some complications during the demonstration due to the shallow nature of the target
injection areas and pre-existing soil borings at the site. As a result, EZVI was not evenly distributed throughout the treatment
areas of each test plot. However, all other performance objectives including reducing the DNAPL mass and mass flux of PCE
and trichloroethene (TCE) were successfully met.
Emulsified Zero-Vatent Nano-Scate Iron
Treatment of Chlorinated Solvent DNAPL
Source Areas
Site Priontizalion
FConvtwnct *TK> Long-TerlTll
Potential applications of mass discharge and mass
flux data far contaminated groundwater management
USE AND MEASUREMENT OF MASS
FLUX AND MASS DISCHARGE
Highlight of New Characterization Report
This Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC) technology overview
summarizes the concepts underlying mass discharge and flux, their potential
application for site remediation, and methods of measurement. Potential
applications described within the document include the use of mass flux and
discharge in site characterization, remedy selection and design, performance
monitoring and optimization, compliance monitoring, and site prioritization.
In addition, the document presents several case studies and summarizes their
general findings (including the impact of mass discharge and flux on decision-
making and remediation costs). Several conceptual site models (CSMs) using
mass flux and mass discharge are presented. Overall findings showed that
mass discharge and flux estimates have been useful in achieving several site
management objectives and that mass discharge and flux evaluation can
improve CSMs and lead to more efficient remediation.
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2011
GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK OPTIMIZATION
ATTHE DELATTE METALS SUPERFUND SITE,
PONCHATOULA, LOUISIANA
Highlight of New Long-Term Monitoring Program Evaluation Case Study Report
&-__:
Groundwater flow direction
Concentrations
projected to this
"iine
The nearest
downgradient
receptor
This report reviews and provides recommendations for
improving agroundwatermonitoringnetworkfortheDelatte
Metals Superfund Site, a former battery manufacturing
facility. The primary goal of this groundwater long-term
monitoring optimization (LTMO) evaluation was to improve
the efficiency and accuracy of the monitoring network.
This evaluation also served to assess the attainment of
remedial action objectives. Several remedial actions
have been completed at the site, including: removal of
contaminated soil, decommissioning of buildings and tanks,
installation of a
bio-barrierto treat
Jse of a hypothetical statistical compliance boundary (HSCB) contaminated
hiring application of the MAROS power analysis method to groundwater, and
iroject contaminant concentrations in the monitoring network. implementation
of institutional
controls. The site was deleted from the National Priorities List in August 2005.
Analytical data collected at the site from January 2004 to August 2008 were
evaluated using a formal qualitative approach and statistical tools found in the
Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System (MAROS) software. The report
describes the groundwater monitoring evaluations conducted at the site, findings,
and recommendations. The report provides recommendations on specific sampling
locations, sampling frequencies, analytes, and data management strategies to support
the development of a long-term site management plan. The report notes that current
data are insufficient to determine whether the remedy has been successful and
additional data should be collected to evaluate the status of site groundwater and
potential exposure pathways.
Groundwater Monitoring
Network Optimization
Delatte Metals Superfund Site
Ponchatoula, Louisiana
Region 6
Long-term Monitoring and
Optimization Case Study Reports
This focus area includes reports that describe
long-term monitoring and optimization efforts
that involve techniques such as evaluations of
groundwater monitoring programs and plume, and
hydraulic optimization. More than 130 reports are
currently available under this focus area. Seven
new documents from EPA have been recently
added. Two of the reports focus on evaluations of
extraction systems used for remediation, while five
reports describe evaluations of long-term monitoring
programs.
Remediation Technology Assessment Reports
The reports in this focus area provide broad
assessments of technologies based on results from
field experience gained from multiple sites. Two
new reports were added to this focus area, bringing
the total to 94, with one each from DoD ESTCP
and ITRC. The DoD ESTCP report describes
a technology demonstration to study various
approaches to determining loading rates and the
impacts of substrate delivery during enhanced
anaerobic bioremediation. The ITRC report provides
information on the use of a decision framework for
applying monitored natural attenuation processes at
sites contaminated with metals and radionuclides.
www.frtr.gov
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FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES: AUGUST 2011
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FORTHE SOMERSWORTH
SANITARY LANDFILL SUPERFUND SITE,
SOMERSWORTH, NEW HAMPSHIRE
Highlight of New Long-Term Monitoring Program Evaluation Case Study Report
This report summarizes the findings and recommendations from a long-term
groundwater monitoring program evaluation conducted at the Somersworth Sanitary
Landfill Site in Somersworth, New Hampshire. Groundwater remedies began operating
at the site in 2001 and included a zero-valent iron (ZVI) permeable reactive barrier
installed at the downgradient edge of the waste management area of the landfill and
a permeable landfill cover (PLC) over the waste management area. The site is currently
in the long-term monitoring phase of operation and maintenance (O&M). In 2007, site
monitoring data was evaluated using the Monitoring and Remediation Optimization
System (MAROS) software. This report includes a review of the data inputs, assumptions,
and subsequent MAROS analysis to evaluate the previously identified recommendations
for the Somersworth site monitoring network. The data was assessed for sufficiency,
quality, and consistency with site conditions. Based on a review of the data inputs,
MAROS analysis results, and interpretation, it was determined that the recommendations
for the Somersworth Site were appropriate and consistent with the groundwater
monitoring objectives. The report describes additional recommendations to streamline
future data analyses and prevent minor complications that may arise after making the
proposed changes to the monitoring network.
Final Report:
Technical Assistance for
the Somersworth Sanitary
Landfill Superfiuid Site
Somersworth. New Hampshire
EPA Region 1
A DECISION FRAMEWORK FOR APPLYING
MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES TO
METALS AND RADIONUCLIDES IN GROUNDWATER
Highlight of Remediation Technology Assessment Report
The purpose of this Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC) guidance is to facilitate acceptance of attenuation-
based remedies including monitored natural attenuation (MNA) and enhanced attenuation (EA) for remediation of metals and
radionuclides in groundwater, where appropriate. The guidance summarizes the results of a web-based survey of site regulators
and stakeholders to determine the existing state of knowledge
and acceptance of remedies based on MNA. It identifies issues
from the survey and proposes solutions for these issues. It also
includes a decision framework that allows users to evaluate the
feasibility of MNA processes at contaminated sites and incorporates
key aspects of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
three-volume, technical background series on MNA. In addition,
the guidance identifies key issues and approaches associated with
evaluating attenuation-based remedies for metal- and radionuclide-
contaminated sites with multiple contaminants. To illustrate the
key messages of this guidance and demonstrate the application of
attenuation-based remedies to real-world scenarios, the guidance
presents several case studies.
Source/Plume Treatment
Remediation Goals Met
www.frtr.gov
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I
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p*
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ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES
AUGUST 2011
Federal
Remediation
Technologies
Roundtable
FEDERAL REMEDIATION
TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE
(FRTR) SUMMARY OF ACTIVITES:
AUGUST 2011 (EPA-542-F-11-012) -
ORDERING INFORMATION
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