United States
Environmental Protection Office of Water EPA 816-R-97-006
Agency 4606 February 1997
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM
INVENTORY AND
COMPLIANCE
STATISTICS
FY 1991 - FY 1995
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PREFACE
This document contains a compilation of national inventory and compliance statistics for the Public Water System
Supervision (PWSS) program from FY1991 through FY1995. The information is drawn from the Safe Drinking Water
Information System (SDWIS/FED). The purpose is to provide a baseline set of consistent numbers for use in responding to
frequently asked questions from within EPA and outside. Two appendices are provided for direct SDWIS users: Appendix 1
provides the definition of terms and data categories used to generate the statistics; Appendix 2 provides a reference library of
the queries and standard reports used for each data table. The reference library is targeted toward other EPA HQ and
Regional staff, and our State partners, who have a need to replicate the national data at the Regional or State levels.
The data presented here are based on queries from a "frozen" SDWIS data base generated in March, 1996 to represent
the status of the program on September 30,1995. The data tables in this report and the underlying "frozen" SDWIS/FED
data base are intended to be the principal source for many related drinking water data analyses and reports. This is to ensure
that we provide consistent and well-documented answers to the same questions. Users requiring inventory and compliance
numbers after September 30,1995 can request reports from the "live" SDWIS/FED data base.
This report is the data source for the FY1995 PWSS Compliance Report developed by the Office of Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance (OECA). The data is also being used by the Office of Water for generating the drinking water
indicators in the OW Environmental Indicators Report and the upcoming Agency Goals Report, and for the core measures
included in the OW Management Agreements. OECA plans as well to use the report as baseline information for targeting
actions and for reviewing the compliance and enforcement program. We plan to make available this data for public access
through the Agency's Environmental Indicators Home Page on the Internet. This is also the source of data for the National
Watershed Assessment Project (NWAP), which will be part of the "Surf Your Watershed" feature on OW's Home Page.
This is the first version of this document. Comments and suggestions to improve future versions of this report are
welcome. The queries used to generate the data are referenced in Appendix H. OGWDW continues to develop better
standard reports that query the SDWIS data base, as part of the ongoing SDWIS/FED modernization effort.
Questions on this document should be directed to Carl Reeverts at (202) 260-7273.
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Public Water System Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1991-95
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION.
H. DATA TABLES:
A. INVENTORY. ..
Table A-1 Inventory Summary For Each System Type
Table A-2/3 CWS Inventory By Source Type and System Size
Table A4/5 NTNCWS Inventory By Source Type and System Size
Table A6/7 TNCWS Inventory By Source Type and System Size
B. NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS.
Table B-l Number of Violations By Violation Type, For Each System Type
Table B-2 Number of Violations By Source Type, For Each System Type
Table B-3 Number of Violations By System Size By Violation Type, For Each System Type
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)
Page
C. NUMBER OF PWS IN VIOLATION..... . 14
Table C-1 PWS (and Population) in Violation By Violation Type, for Each System Type
Table C-2 PWS (and Population) in Violation By Contaminant Code, For Each Violation Type
Table C-3 PWS (and Population) in Violation By Source Type, For Each System Type
Table C-4 PWS (and Population) in Violation By System Size, For Each System Type
P. NUMBER OF CWS IN VIOLATION. 21
Table D-l CWS (and Population) with MCL Violations, By Contaminant Code
Table D-2 CWS (and Population) with TT Violations, By Contaminant Code
Table D-3 CWS (and Population) with M/R Violations, By Contaminant Code .
Table D-4 CWS (and Population) in Violation by System Size, For Each Violation Type
Table D-5 CWS (and Population) in Violation by Region, For Each Violation Type
E. NUMBER OF NTNCWS IN VIOLATION. . 31
Table E-l NTNCWS (and Population) with MCL Violations, By Contaminant Code
Table E-2 NTNCWS (and Population) with TT Violations, By Contaminant Code
Table E-3 NTNCWS (and Population) with M/R Violations, By Contaminant Code
Table E-4 NTNCWS (and Population) in Violation by System Size, For Each Violation Type
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)
Page
F. NUMBER OF TNCWS IN VIOLATION. , 37
Table F-l TNCWS (and Population) with MCL Violations, By Contaminant Code
Table F-2 TNCWS (and Population) with TT Violations, By Contaminant Code
Table F-3 TNCWS (and Population) with M/R Violations, By Contaminant Code
Table F-4 TNCWS (and Population) in Violation by System Size, For Each Violation Type
APPENDICES . 42
1. DEFINITION OF TERMS AND DATA CATEGORIES
2. SOURCES OF DATA FOR FY 1995 PWSS STATISTICS
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I. Introduction
Description of FY 1991 -FY 1995 PWS Statistics
The Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Program.
The PWSS program was established under the authority of the 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The Act was
amended in 1986 to expand the number of contaminants to be regulated, including a new requirement for filtration and
disinfection where the source water is unprotected. The SDWA was amended again in FY 1996 to establish a new State
Revolving Loan Fund (SRF), to set new requirements for source water protection, and to amend the standard setting process.
"Under the SDWA, as amended, EPA sets national limits on contaminant levels in drinking water to ensure that the
water is safe for human consumption. These limits are known as Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). For some
regulations, EPA establishes treatment techniques (TTs) in lieu of an MCL to prevent unacceptable levels of contamination in
the finished water. The Agency also regulates how often public water systems (PWSs) monitor their water for contaminants
and report the monitoring results to the States or EPA. Generally, the larger the population served by a water system, the
more frequent the monitoring and reporting (M/R) requirements. In addition, EPA requires PWSs to monitor for unregulated
contaminants to provide data on occurrences for future regulatory development. Finally, EPA requires PWSs to notify the
public when they have violated any of the regulations.
During FY 1995, regulations for 81 individual contaminants were in effect (72 have MCLs and 9 are regulated by
treatment techniques. The list of 81 is comprised of 6 microbiological contaminants, 4 radionuclides, 17 inorganic chemicals,
and 54 organic chemicals.
The SDWA applies to the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Indian Lands, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American
Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Republic of Palau. The SDWA allows States and
Territories to seek EPA approval to administer their own PWSS programs. The 1986 amendments to the SDWA extended this
right to Indian Tribes as well. The authority to run a PWSS Program is culled primacy. To receive primacy, states must meet
certain requirements laid out in the SDWA and the regulations, including the adoption of drinking water regulations that are
at least as stringent as the Federal regulations and a demonstration that they can enforce the program requirements. All but
1 - ' . ' " . . - '. -
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Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and the Indian Tribes currently have primacy. The EPA Regional Offices directly
implement the PWSS Programs within these jurisdictions.
Primacy States report quarterly to EPA on their PWS inventory statistics, the incidence of.MCL, M/R, and TT
violations, and the enforcement actions taken against violators. The EPA Regional Offices report this information for
Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and all Indian lands. Regional offices also report Federal enforcement actions taken.
EPA stores its data in a national database called the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED).
Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED).
The FY1995 data tables were generated from a special SDWIS/FED data file that was created under SDWIS
on the EPA Mainframe in March, 1996. This frozen data base contains only selected entities and attributes, to
support generation of the inventory and compliance statistics at the end of FY 1995. Each of the data tables
saved has the same table name as the "live" SDWIS/FED counterpart, except that the names have a suffix of _V1.
For example, the violations table in SDWIS/FED is named PWSSDOWN.TFRVIOL. Its name in the frozen data
base is called PWSSDOWN.TFRVIOL_V1. (See Appendix 2 fora fuller description of the frozen SDWIS/FED data
base and the queries used to generate the data tables.)
FY 1991-FY 1995 PWS Data Tables
Public Water System Inventory. Table A includes systems coded current and active in SDWIS/FED on the date the data
was pulled from the data base. For FY 1995, they represent the inventory status as of September 30,1995 from the SDWIS
data base in March, 1996. The inventory numbers are reported by:
o System Type - Community Water Systems (CWS), Non Transient Non-Community Water Systems (NTNCWS),
and Transient Non-Community Water Systems (TNCWS);
o Source Type Surface Water (divided into surface water (SW), surface water purchased (SWP), ground water
under the direct influence of surface water (GUDI), and GUDI purchased), and Ground Water (divided into
direct ground water (GW), and ground water purchased (GWP); and
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o System Size Population served by the PWS is divided into five categories:
-- VERY SMALL: 25-500
-- SMALL: 501-3,300
- MEDIUM: 3,301 - 10,000
-- LARGE 10,001-100,000
- VERY LARGE Over 100,000
Public Water System (PWS) Violations. Table B represents a count of violations of the EPA National Primary Drinking
Water Regulations (NPDWRs) reported by the State into SDWIS as occurring during the fiscal year. Tables C through F
represent a count of the public water systems that reported one or more violations during the fiscal year. The violations are
divided into four types: Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) violations, Treatment Technique (TT) violations, Monitoring
and Reporting (M/R) violations, and Other Violation Types (Other).
Except for the FY1993 data, the count of violations and systems in violation exclude unjiltered public water systems in
violation of the Treatment Technique requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR). These unfiltered systems
failed to comply with the State (or EPA) requirement to install filtration treatment within 18 months of the State notification to
filter. For FY 1995, this undercounts violations of the SWTR by about 800 water systems, serving over 11,000,000 people. This
omission will be adjusted in future reports.
Each violation type is further divided into contaminant groups to identify the contaminant with a violation:
o Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) Violations - Total Coliform Rule or Turbidity (TCR/T), Volatile Organic
Chemicals (Organic- VOC); Synthetic Organic Chemicals (Organic -SOC); Nitrate (Inorganics -NO3); Other Inorganic
Chemicals (IOC)', Radionuclides (Rads); and Other Contaminant Codes (Other)
o Treatment Technique (TT) Viol. - Lead and Copper Rule (Lead and Copper)-,Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)
o Monitoring and Reporting (M/R) Violations ~ Total Coliform Rule or Turbidity (TCR/T), Volatile Organic Chemicals
(Organic - VOC); Synthetic Organic Chemicals (Organic -SOC); Nitrate (Inorganics -NO3); Other Inorganic Chemicals
(IOC); Radionuclides (Rads); Lead and Copper Rule (Lead and Copper); Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR); and
Other Contaminant Codes (Other)
See Appendix 1 for the definition of other terms and data categories.
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II. DATA TABLES:
A. PWS INVENTORY - FY 1991 - FY 1995 STATISTICS
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TABLE A- 1 - Inventory Summary By System Type
FY1995(2)
FY 1994
FY 1993
FY1992
FY 1991
Community Water
Systems (CWS)
# Pop.Served
55,633 243,566,000
56,747 243,049,000
57,561 242,679,000
58,666 245,183,000
59,266 232,562,000
Non Transient Non
Community Water
Systems (NTNCWS)
# Pop.Served
20,565 6,030,000
23,639 6,241,000
23,992 6,315,000
24,355 6,210,000
24,884 6,077,000
Transient Non Community
Water Systems (TNCWS)
# Pop.Served
97,074 13,289,000
106,436 13,609,000
109,714 15,428,000
114,039 16,074,000
114,007 NA
TOTALS (1)
#
173,272
186,822
191,267
197,060
198,157
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources; FY1995: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March S, 1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
F\1991-94: Previous years' PWSS Compliance Report.
Notes for Table A-l
1. Sum of Population across PWS system types not provided because the same people may be counted twice; e.g., by CWS because of residence
served by municipal system, by NTNCWS because of workplace with separate water system.
2. The number of PWS's continued to decrease in FY 1995 for all system types, with the greatest decreases in TNCWS. This
decrease was reflected in virtually all the States. The decrease in the number of systems for NTNCWSs and TNCWSs was
especially large in Regions 4 and 5. Region 5 decrease of 2061 for NTNCWSs and decrease of 6533 for TNCWSs is attributed to
completion of surveys and verification by Minnesota and Michigan.
NA = Data not available
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TABLE A-2 - Inventory: CWS by Source Type (1)
FY1995
FY 1994
FY 1993
FY1992
FY1991
Surface Water
#
10,832
10,625
10.681
10.768
11,344
Pop. Served
155,395,000
152,491,000
148,684,000
139,701,000
152,047,000
Ground Water
#
44.801
46,122
46,880
47,898
47,922
Pop. Served
88,171,000
90,558.000
93,995,000
105,482,000
80,515,000
TOTAL
#
55,633
56,747
57,561
58,666
59,266
Pop. Served
243,566,000
243,049,000
242.679.000
245,183,000
232,562,000
1. The Surface Water total for FY 1995 includes 241 CWS designated for the first time as Ground Water Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water (GUDI) (as required by
the Surface water Treatment Rule. 180 of the total are in Region 3 States. Regions I, n, V, and VII did not report any GUDI systems.
TABLE A-3 - Inventory: CWS by System Size
FY
1995
FY
1994
FY
1993
FY
1992
FY
1991
Very Small
# Pop. Served
33,867 5,401.000
34,936 5,505,000
35,598 5,505,000
36,51 1 5,569,000
37,226 5,665,000
Small
# Pop. Served
14,158 19,983,000
14,239 20,132,000
14,451 20,053,000
14,516 20,053,000
14,456 18,830,000
Medium
# Pop. Served
4,174 24,469,000
4,160 24,408,000
4,122 24,290,000
4,251 24,729,000
4,238 24,420,000
Large
# Pop. Served
3,104 86,456,000
3,091 86,021,000
3,073 85,731,000
3,062 85,035,000
3,034 83,481,000
Very Large
# Pop. Served
330 107,257,000
321 106,983,000
317 106,835,000
326 109,797,000
312 99,166,000
TOTAL
# Pop. Served
55,633 243,566,000
56,747 243,049,000
57,561 242,679,000
58,666 245.183,000
59,266 232,562,000
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TABLE A-4 Inventory: NTNCWS by Source Type
FY1995
FY1994
FY1993
FY1992
FY1991
Surface Water
#
743
766
771
777
760
Pop. Served
587,000
596,000
625,000
600,000
472,000
Ground Water
#
19,822
22,873
23,221
23,578
24,124
Pop. Served
5,443,000
5,645,000
5,690,000
5,610,000
5,605,000
TOTAL
#
20,565
23,639
23,992
24,355
24,884
Pop. Served
6,030,000
6,241,000
6,315,000
6,210,000
6,077,000
TABLE A-5 - Inventory: NTNCWS by System Size
FY
1995
FY
1994
FY
1993
FY
1992
FY
1991
Very Small
# Pop. Served
17764 2479000
20,823 2,658,000
2.1.148 2,678,000
21,519 2,679,000
22,147 2,661,000
Small
# Pop. Served
2702 2629000
2,718 2,660,000
2,749 2,685,000
2,736 2,637,000
2,641 2,578,000
Medium
# Pop. Served
79 394000
80 406,000
74 397,000
83 437,000
85 462,000
Large
# Pop. Served
20* 528000
18 517.000
21 555,000
17 457,000
10 226,000
Very Large
# Pop. Served
00
00
0 0
0 0
1 150,000
TOTAL
# Pop. Served
20,565 6030000
23,639 6,241,000
23,992 6,315,000
24,355 6,210,000
24,884 6,077,000
List of these 20 systems can be viewed using PRF query: PME.NTNC_95_L
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TABLE A-6 -- Inventory: TNCWS by Source Type
FY1995
FY1994
FY1993
FY1992
FY1991
Surface Water
#
2,130
2,099
2,226
2,519
2,651
Pop. Served
978,000
900,000
1,157.000
1,272,000
n.a.
Ground Water
#
94,944
104,377
107,488
111,520
111,356
Pop. Served
12,312,000
12,709,000
14,271,000
14,802,000
n.a.
TOTAL
#
97,074
106,436
109,714
114,039
114,007
Pop. Served
13,289,000
13,609,000
15,428,000
16,074,000
n.a.
TABLE A-7 - inventory: TNCWS by System Size
FY
1995
FY
1994
FY
1993
FY
1992
FY
1991
Very Small
# Pop. Served
94394 7579000
103,721 8,013,000
106,922 8,263,000
111,215 8,477,000
n.a.
Small
# Pop. Served
2459 2531000
2,474 2,581,000
2,518 2,641,000
2552 2,674,000
n.a.
Medium
# Pop. Served
159 876000
177 984,000
203 1,144,000
211 1,246,000
n.a.
Large
# Pop. Served
59* 1628000
63 1,906,000
65 1,994,000
51 1,299,000
n.a.
Very Large
# Pop. Served
3* 675000
1 125,000
6 1,386,000
10 2,378,000
n.a.
TOTAL
# Pop. Served
97074 13289000
106,436 13,609,000
109,714 15,428,000
114,039 16,074,000
114,007 n.a.
A list of the large and very large TNCWS in the inventory can be viewed using PRF query: PME.NC_95_L_VL
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II. DATA TABLES:
B. NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ~ FY 1991 - FY 1995 STATISTICS
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TABLE B-1 ~ Number of Violations by Violation Type by
System Type
Sys.Type Year
I. CWS FY 1995
FY1994
FY1993
FY 1992
FY 1991
II. NTNCWS FY 1995 ONLY
III. TNCWS FY 1995 ONLY
TOTAL FY 1995 ONLY
MCL TT (1) M/R Other(2)
6,624 2,820 72,570 1,885
6,967 2,943 88,380
8,900 1,790 41,003 .
8,017 NR 63,344 .
7,641 NR 56,117 .
1,582 360 24,505 222
4,257 556 34,096 1,883
12,463 3,736 131,171 3,990
Total (3)
83,899
98,290
51,693
71,361
63,759
26,669
40,792
151,360
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources; FY1995: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries used to generate reports.
FY 1991-94: Previous years' PWSS Compliance Report.
NR = No regulations in effect.
Notes for Table B-1;
1. Except for the FY 1993 data, the count of violations and systems hi violation exclude unfiltered public water systems hi violation of the Treatment
Technique requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR). These unfiltered systems failed to comply with the State (or EPA)
requirement to install filtration treatment within 18 months of the State order. For FY 1995, this undercounts the violation of the SWTR by
about 800 water systems, serving over 11,000,000 people. This omission will be adjusted in future reports.
2. Other Violation Types (beyond MCL. M/R, and TT violations) may include reported violations of the public notification requirements ( codes OS,
06), the requirement for a sanitary survey under the Total Conform Rule (code 28), the conditions set under a variance or exemption (08), and
miscellaneous. The count may also include a small number of data errors not rejected during the SDWIS update. Over 75 % of the total is for
public notification violations (code 6).
3. Total may be less than the sum of the individual violation types because a water system may have had a violation hi more than one category (e.g.,
MCL and M/R violation reported hi same year).
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TABLE B-2 - Number of Violations by Source Type by System Type
FY1995
ONLY
I. CWS
n. NTNCWS
m. TNCWS
TOTAL
SURFACE WATER
SW + SWP +GU + GUP =TOTAL
12,758 2,650 418 10 15,836
849 93 15 957
2,259 249 25 2,533
15,866 2,992 458 10 19,326
GROUND WATER (1)
GW +GVVP +blanks =TOTAL
67,169 883 11 68,063
25,675 37 0 25,712
37,973 286 0 38,259
130,817 1,206. 11 132,034
TOTAL
83,899
26,669
40,792
151,360
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources; Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries used to generate reports.
Notes for Table B-2;
1. Blanks indicate CWS with reported violations in FY1995 but with no source code.
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TABLE B-3 ~ Number of Violations by System Size By Violation Type, for Each System Type
FY 1995 ONLY:
I.CWS MCL
TT
M/R
OTHER (1)
TOTAL
II. NTNCWS MCL
TT
M/R
OTHER It)
TOTAL
III. TNCWS MCL
TT
M/R
OTHER (1)
TOTAL
TOTAL MCL
TT
M/R
OTHER (1)
TOTAL
VERY SMALL
4,308
1,002
48,201
1,544
55,055
1,372
246
21,188
205
23,011
4,096
455
32,974
1,835
39,360
9,776
1,703
102,363
3,584
117,426
SMALL
1,457
1,080
13,455
251
16,243
195
107
3,232
16
3,550
136
70
1,029
42
1,277
1,788
1,257
17,716
309
21,070
MEDIUM
434
341
4,338
52
5,1651
11
7
68
1
87
15
31
85
6
137
460
379
4,491
59
5,389
LARGE
405
337
6,052
33
6,827
4
0
17
0
21
10
0
8
0
18
419
337
6,077
33
6,866
VERY LARGE
20
60
524
5
609
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
20
60
524
5
609
TOTAL
6,624
2,820
72,570
1,885
83,899
1,582
360
24,505
222
26,669
4,257
556
34,096
1,883
40,792
12,463
131,171
3,736
3,990
151,360
Definition of Terms and Data Categories: See Appendix 1
Data Sources: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
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Notes for Table B-3:
1. Other Violation Types (beyond MCL. M/R, and TT violations) may include reported violations of the public notification requirements ( codes 05,
06), the requirement for a sanitary survey under the Total Coliform Rule (code 28), the conditions set under a variance or exemption (08), and
miscellaneous. The count may also include a small number of data errors not rejected during the SDWIS update. Over 75 % of the total is for
public notification violations (code 6).
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II. DATA TABLES;
C. NUMBER OF PWS IN VIOLATION
- FY 1991 - FY 1995 STATISTICS
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TABLE C-1 - PWS (and Population) in Violation, Total by Violation Type and System Type (1)
I. CWS FY 1995
FY 1994
FY1993
FY 1992
FY 1991
II. NTNCWS FY 1995
FY1994
FY 1993
FY1992
FY 1991
III. TNCWS FY 1995
FY 1994
FY 1993
FY 1992
FY 1991
TOTAL FY1995
FY 1994
FY 1993
FY 1992
FY 1991
MCL
NO. POP.
4,352 21,893,657
4,385 23,115,000
5,314 26,500,000
4,975 26,500,000
5,400 18,265,000
1,162 370,323
1,124 422,000
1,245 438,000
1,093 292,000
1,000 287,000
3,324 608,059
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
8,838
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
TREATMENT
TECHNIQUES (2)
NO. POP.
946 16,237,303
906 11,646,000
1,312 23,131,000
NR
MR
197 80,920
NR
NR
148 67,740
1,291 (5)
MONITORING/REPORTING
NO: POPULATION
12,055 29,381,288
16,779 40,146,000
14,569 56,741,000
13,317 51,087,000
13,069 32,914,000
4,885 1,314,262
7,134 1,916,000
4,237 1,310,000
3,756 987,000
4,441 1,261,000
17,243 2,068,880
34,183 (5)
OTHER VIOLATION
TYPES (3)
NO. POPULATION
919 8,358,916
151 43..290
1,075 115,120
2,145 (5)
TOTAL (4)
NO. POPULATION
15,247 52,728,913
19,568 64,000,000
18,299 86,000,000
16,294 63,000,000
16,439 51,179,000
5,829 1,617,634
7,823 2,200,000
5,100 1,600,000
4.489 1,200,000
5,115 N/.A..
19,644 2,458,643
15,960
14,835 .
13,360
N./A.
40,720
43,351
38,234 .
34,143
N/A
Definition of Terms and Data Categories: See Appendix 1
Data Sources;F71995: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
FY 1991-94: Previous years' PWSS Compliance Report.
N/A = Data not available by violation type before F Y 1995. No data available for FY 1991.
N/R = Requirement not applicable this fiscal year
15
-------
Nntflsfnr Table C-1:
1. The number of Systems in Violation dropped by over 20% in FY 1995 from that reported in FY 1994. The decrease in the population served by
these violating water systems was even greater. This reflects the major decrease in systems reporting SWTR TT violations, M/R violations of the
LCR, and smaller decreases for the other violation types.
2. Except for the FY 1993 data, the count of violations and systems in violation exclude unfiltered public water systems in violation of the Treatment
Technique requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR). These unfiltered systems failed to comply With the State (or EPA)
requirement to install filtration treatment within 18 months of the State notification to filter.. For FY 1995, this undercounts the violation of the
SWTR by about 800 water systems, serving over 11,000,000 people. This omission will be adjusted in future reports.
3. Other Violation Types (beyond MCL. M/R, apd TT violations) may include reported violations of the public notification requirements ( codes 05,
06), the requirement for a sanitary survey under the Total Conform Rule (code 28), the conditions set under a variance or exemption (08), and
miscellaneous. The count may also include a small number of data errors not rejected during the SDWIS update. Over 75 % of the total is for
public notification violations (code 6).
4. Total may be less than the sum of the individual violation types because a water system may have had a violation in more than one category (e.g.,
MCL and M/R violation reported in same year).
5. Sum of Population across PWS system types not provided because the same people may be counted twice; e.g., by CWS because of residence
served by municipal system, by NTNCWS because of workplace with separate water system.
16
-------
TABLE C-2 - PWS (All Types) In Violation, Total By Violation Type and Contaminant Code
FY1995
ONLY:
MCL
M/R
TT
Other (3)
Total (1)
TCFVT
7,834
24,004
1,216
28,907
ORGANICS:
VOC SOC
115 35
1,626 542
10
1,874
INORGANICS:
NO3 OTH.IOC
426 97
8,772 1,502
9
9,941
RADS
274
375
8
636
LCR
2,177
390
31
2,546
SWTR
558
892
136
1,320
OTHER
CONT.
CODES (4)
135
2,464
9
788
3,350
TOTAL (2)
8,838
34,183
1,291
2,145
40,720
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources; Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
17
-------
Notes for Table C-2:
1. Total may be less than the sum of the individual violation types because a water system may have had a violation in more than one category (e.g.,
MCL and M/R violation reported in same year).
2. Total may be less than the sum of the individual contaminant groups because a water system may have had a violation in more than one
contaminant group (e.g., TCR violation and IOC (nitrate) violation in same year).
3. Other Violation Types (beyond MCL. M/R, and TT violations) may include reported violations of the public notification requirements ( codes 05,
06), the requirement for a sanitary survey under the Total Coliform Rule (code 28), the conditions set under a variance or exemption (08), and
miscellaneous. The count may also include a small number of data errors not rejected during the SDWIS update. Over 75 % of the total is for
public notification violations (code 6).
4. Other Contaminant Codes (beyond those included in the named contaminant groups) includes: (1) for M/R violations, all violations reported of the
requirement to monitor for the unregulated contaminants listed in the Phase I and Phase n organic and inorganic chemical drinking water
regulations, and (2) miscellaneous regulatory requirements (such as the corrosivity special monitoring regulation). The vast majority in this
category are violations of the monitoring requirements for unregulated contaminants.
18
-------
TABLE C-3 - PWS (and Population) in Violation, Total By Source Type And System Type
FY 1995 ONLY:
»
I. CWS
II. NTNCWS
III. TNCWS
TOTAL
SURFACE WATER
Sys.#No. Pop.Served
2,789 35,319,756
223 125,730
534 206,057
3,546 (1)
GROUND WATER
Sys.#. Pop.Served
12,458 17,409,157
5,606 1,491,904
19,110 2,252,586
37,174 (1)
TOTAL
Sys.# Pop.
Served
15,247 52,728,913
5,829 1,617,634
19,644 2,458,643
40,720 (1)
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources; Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
Motes for Table C-3:
1. Sum of Population across PWS system types not provided because the same people may be counted twice; e.g., by CWS because of residence
served by municipal system , by NTNCWS because of workplace with separate water system.
19
-------
TABLE C-4 - PWS (and Pop) In Violation by System Size, for Each System Type
FY1995
ONLY:
I.CWS
II. NTNCWS
III.TNCWS
TOTAL
VERY SMALL '
NO. POP
10,323 1,536,522
5,110 677,155
19,089 1,526,201
34,522 (1)
SMALL
NO. POP.
3,264 4,458,663
686 682,150
513 548,154
4,463 (1)
MEDIUM
NO. POP.
919 5,393,239
27 137,929
33 174,770
979 (1)
LARGE
NO. POP.
683 18,178,407
6 120,400
9 209,518
698 (1)
VERY LARGE
NO. POP.
58 23,162,082
0 0
0 0
58 (1)
TOTAL
NO. POP.
15,247 52,728913
5,829 1,617,634
19,644 2,458,643
40,720 (1)
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources;
Safe Drinking Water Information System (SOWIS), /rozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of FRF queries to generate reports.
Notes for Table C-4;
1.
Sum of Population across PWS system types not provided because the same people may be counted twice; e.g., by CWS
because of residence served by municipal system , by NTNCWS because of workplace with separate water system.
20
-------
II. DATA TABLES:
D. NUMBER OF CWS IN VIOLATION
-- FY 1991 - FY 1995 STATISTICS
-21-
-------
-------
TABLE D-1 -CWS (and Pop) with MCL Violations, By Contaminant Code
FY 1995 #
Pop
FY 1994 #
Pop
FY1993 #
Pop
FY1992 #
Pop
FY 1991 #
Pop
TCRIT
3, 729
18,005,293
3,717
26,900,000
4,735
24,400,000
4,298
15,000,000
N/A
N/A
Organics:
VOC SOC
66 31
772,639 50,137
144
1,300,000
88
2,100,000
92
1,000,000
Inorganics:
N03 IOC
198 65
537,516175,158
379
800,000
368
1,100,000
352
700,000
Bad.
274
2,566,638
280
1,600,000
338
1,000,000
384
1,600,000
Other Contam.
Codes (2)
35
112,790
Total (1)
4,352
21,893,657
4,385
23,115,000
5,314
26,500,000
4,975
17,708,000
5,400
18,265,000
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources: FY 1995: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of FRF queries to generate reports.
FY 1991-94: Previous years* PWSS Compliance Report.
N/A = Data not available by violation type in FY 1991.
22
-------
Mnffisfnr Table D-1:
1. Total may be less than the sum of the individual contaminant groups because a water system may have had a violation in more than one
contaminant group (e.g., TCR violation and IOC (nitrate) violation in same year).
2. Other Contaminant Codes (beyond those included in the named contaminant groups) includes: (1) for M/R violations, all violations reported of the
requirement to monitor for the unregulated contaminants listed in the Phase I and Phase II organic and inorganic chemical drinking water
regulations, and (2) miscellaneous regulatory requirements (such as the corrosivity special monitoring regulation). The vast majority in this
category are violations of the unregulated contaminant monitoring requirements. The count also includes reported violations of contaminants
not regulated by EPA, such as the secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs), other VOCs and SOCs regulated by the state, and a small
number of data errors not reject during the SDWIS update.
23
-------
TABLE 0-2 - CWS (and population) with TT violations, by Contaminant Code (1)
FY95 #
POP
FY94 #
POP
FY93 #
POP
LCR
264
1,674.231
114
1,500,000
103
5,000,000
SWTR (2)
682
14,563,072
793
10,200,000
1211
18,100,000
Total (3)
946
16,237,303
907
11,700,000
1,314
23,100,000
Definition of Ternis and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources; FY1995: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
FY 1993-94: Previous years* PWSS Compliance Report.
Motes for Table D-2:
1. New Treatment Technique requirements went into effect for the Surface water Treatment Rule (SWTR) and the Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) in
FY 1993.
2. Except for the FY 1993 data, the count of violations and systems in violation exclude unfiltered public water systems in violation of the Treatment
Technique requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR). These unfiltered systems failed to comply with the State (or EPA)
requirement to install filtration treatment within 18 months of the State order. For FY 1995, this undercounts the violation of the SWTR by
about 800 water systems, serving over 11,000,000 people. This omission will be adjusted in future reports.
3. Total may be less than the sum of the individual contaminant groups because a water system may have had a violation in more than one
contaminant group (e.g., LCR violation and SWTR violation in same year).
24
-------
-------
TABLE D- 3 CWS (and population) with M|R violations, by Contaminant Code
FV95 #
POP
FY94 #
POP
FY93 #
POP
FV92
#
POP
FY91 #
POP
TCR/T
8392
15.186.232
8,484
15,300,000
10,010
19,500,000
11,551
28,300,000
NfA.
N/.A
Organics:
VOC SOC
1171 304
6,002,455 2,119,925
1,410-
8,100,000
764
6,600,000
1,285
5,100,000
Inorganics:
N03 IOC
1,912 970
5,247,594 3,277,636
3,112
11,600,000
1,148
6,100,000
863
2,400,000
Rads.
370
451,996
541
300,000
238
300,000
646
700,000
LCR
1,554
1,475,921
8,322
8,300,000
4,336
31,900,000
154
21,300,000
SWTR
421
2,790,053
644
5,100,000
365
3,400,000
NIR
OTHER
CONT.CODES (2)
1,093
6,077,635
Total (1)
12,055
29.381,288
16,779
40,146,000
14.569
56.741,000
13.317
51.087,000
13.069
MIA
Definition of Terms and Data Categories: See Appendix 1
Data SourcestFy 1995: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
FY 1991-94:Previous years' PWSS Compliance Report.
N/A = Data not available in FY 1991 by violation type N/R = Requirement not applicable for SWTR before FY 1993.
25
-------
Notes for Table D-3;
1. Total may be less than the sum of the individual contaminant groups because a water system may have had a violation in more than one
contaminant group (e.g., TCR violation and IOC (nitrate) violation in same year).
2. Other Contaminant Codes (beyond those included in the named contaminant groups) includes: (1) for M/R violations, all violations reported of the
requirement to monitor for the unregulated contaminants listed in the Phase I and Phase n organic and inorganic chemical drinking water
regulations, and (2) miscellaneous regulatory requirements (such as the corrosivity special monitoring regulation). The vast majority in this
category are violations of the unregulated contaminant monitoring requirements. The count also includes reported violations of contaminants
not regulated by EPA, such as the secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs), other VOCs and SOCs regulated by the state, and a small
number of data errors not reject during the SDWIS update.
26
-------
TABLE D-4 -- CWS (and Pop) In Violation by System Size, for Each Violation Type
I.MCL FY1995
FY 1994
FY 1993
FY 1992
FY1991
II. TT(2) FY 1995
FY1994
FY 1993
III. M/R FY 1995
FY1994
FY 1993
FY1992
FY 1991
IV. OTHER VIO. (1)
(FY95 ONLY)
TOTAL (3) FY1995
FY1994
FY 1993
FY1992
FY 1991
VERY SMALL
NO. POP
2,723 429,916
2,702 500,000
3,258 500,000
3,171 500,000
3,544 500,000
335 71,560
265 100,000
457 100,000
8,662 1,256,093
11,848 1,700,000
9,305 1,300,000
9,569 1,300,000
9,374 1,300,000
660 91,275
10,323 1,536,522
13,261 N/A
11,315 N/A
11,315 N/A
11,413 N/A
SMALL
NO. POP.
995 1,377,132
1,018 1,400,000
1,214 1,700,000
1,100 1,500,000
1,148 1,500,000
346 539,578
320 500,000
449 700,000
2,401 3,184,058
3,608 4,900,000
2,833 3,900,000
2,478 3,300,000
2,552 3,500,000
180 243,025
3,264 4,458,663
4,356
3,880
3,195
3,346
MEDIUM
NO. POP.
336 1,992,628
335 2,000,000
445 2,700,000
358 2,100,000
357 2,100,000
126 757,442
158 900,000
217 1,300,000
576 3,315,685
731 4,300,000
1,545 9,100,000
630 3,700,000
642 3,700,000
45 226,884
919 5,393,239
1,048
1,882
901
920
LARGE
NO. POP.
284 7,087,718
309 7,800,000
368 8,800,000
325 7,800,000
336 8,000,000
125 3,957,607
144 4,100,000
168 5,000,000
375 9,693,641
545 14,700,000
818 22,300,000
559 17,400,000
465 12,400,000
30 805,499
683 18,178,407
834
1,117
787
711
VERY LARGE
NO. POP.
14 11,006,263
21 11,400,000
29 12,800,000
21 5,800,000
15 6,100,000
14 10,911,116
19 6,000,000
21 16,000,000
41 11,931,811
47 14,500,000
68 20,100,000
81 25,400,000
36 12,000,000
4 6,992,233
58 23,162,082
69
105
96
49
TOTAL
NO. POP.
4,352 21* 893,657
4,385 23,100,000
5,314 26,500,000
4,975 17,700.000
5,400 18,200,000
946 16,237,303
906 11,600,000
1,312 23,100,000
12,055 29,381,288
16,779 40,100,000
14,569 56,700,000
13,317 51,100,000
13,069 32,900,000
919 8,358,916
15,247 52,728,913
19,568
18,299
16,294
16,439
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
DataSourcessJT 1995: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
FY 1991-94: Previous years' PWSS Compliance Report.
N/A= Data not available by system size before FY 1995.
27
-------
MntBs for Table D-&
1. Other Violation Types (beyond MCL. M/R, and TT violations) may include reported violations of the public notification requirements ( codes 05,
06), the requirement for a sanitary survey under the Total Conform Rule (code 28), the conditions set under a variance or exemption (08), and
miscellaneous. The count may also include a small number of data errors not rejected during the SDWIS update. Over 75 % of the total
is for public notification violations (code 6).
2. Requirements for Treatment techniques for SWTR and LCR went into effect in FY 1993.
3. Total may be less than the sum of the individual violation types because a water system may have had a violation in more than one category (e.g.,
MCL and M/R violation reported hi same year).
28
-------
TABLE D-5 - CWS (and Pop.) in Violation BY Region, For Each Violation Type
FY 1995 ONLY:
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV
Region V
Region VI
Region VII
Region Vill
Region IX
Region X
No Region Code (4)
TOTAL
. MCL
NO. POPULATION
308 901,833
381 8,227.643
243 882,038
582 2,691,119
630 2,155,704
687 1,826,681
377 431,277
227 231,814
369 3,970,396
508 ,547,728
40 27,424
4,352 21,893,657
TREATMENT
TECHNIQUES (1)
NO. POPULATION
55 1,366,086
77 9,695,905
83 78,328
50 315,199
152 957,908
152 1,169,875
90 120,654
59 284,821
52 1,851,859
170 389,199
6 7,469
946 16,237,303
MONITORING/
REPORTING
NO. POPULATION
464 592,891
909 7,171,811
1,035 1,853,624
2,278 5,354,287
1,673 5,358,797
1,062 1,914,407
688 584,590
1,119 1,042,421
809 3,544,346
1,881 1,890,257
137 73,857
12,055 29,381,288
OTHER VIOLATION
TYPES (2)
NO. POPULATION
33 7,859
175 6,630,826
27 34,561
6 590
0 0
528 1,567,841
35 10,631 ,
111 92,058
2 9,800
0 0
2 4,750
919 8,358,916
TOTAL (3)
NO. POPULATION
729 2,492,684
1,177 15,853,082
1,244 2,725,142
2,638 7,690,894
2,169 7,590,764
1,694 4,846,127
1,046 1,064,836
1,223 1,429,759
1,031 6,517,220
2,147 2,435,574
149 82,831
15,247 52,728,913
Definition of Terms and Data Categories: See Appendix 1
Data Sources; Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
29
-------
Notes for Table D-S;
1. Except for the FY 1993 data, the count of violations and systems in violation exclude unfiltered public water systems in violation of the Treatment
Technique requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR). These unfiltered systems failed to comply with the State (or EPA)
requirement to install filtration treatment within 18 months of the State order. -For FY 1995, this undercounts the violation of the SWTR by
about 800 water systems, serving over 11,000,000 people. This omission will be adjusted in future reports.
2. Other Violation Types (beyond MCL. M/R, and TT violations) may include reported violations of the public notification requirements ( codes 05,
06), the requirement for a sanitary survey under the Total Coliform Rule (code 28), the conditions set under a variance or exemption (08), and
miscellaneous. The count may also include a small number of data errors not rejected during the SDWIS update. Over 75 % of the total
is for public notification violations (code 6).
3. Total may be less than the sum of the individual violation types because a water system may have had a violation in more than one category (e.g.,
MCL and M/R violation reported in same year).
4. No Region Code represents are those water systems with no code in SDWIS signifying the EPA Region. This is a data error that will be corrected
in future reports.
30
-------
II. DATA TABLES:
E. NUMBER OF NTNCWS IN VIOLATION
--FY 1991 - FY 1995 STATISTICS
-31-
-------
-------
TABLE E-1--NTNCWS (and Pop) with MCL violations, By Contaminant Code
FY 1995 #
Pop
FY1994 #
Pop
TCRIT
964
308.645
975
391,000
Organics:
VOC SOC
45 4
5,895 1,565
49
17,000
Inorganics:
N03 IOC
53 32
8.889 8,447
103
21,000
Rad.
0
0
6
2,000
Other Contaminant
Codes (2)
77
38,990
Total (1)
1,162
370,323
1.124
422,000
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data SourcesrFr 1995:
FY1994:
Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
Previous years' PWSS Compliance Report. Data not available before FY 1994.
NMes for Table E-li
1. Total may be less than the sum of the individual contaminant groups because a water system may have had a violation
in more than one contaminant group (e.g., TCR violation and IOC (nitrate) violation in same year).
2. Other Contaminant Codes (beyond those included in the named contaminant groups) includes: (1) for M/R violations,
all violations reported of the requirement to monitor for the unregulated contaminants listed in the Phase I and Phase
II organic and inorganic chemical drinking water regulations, and (2) miscellaneous regulatory requirements (such as
the corrosivity special monitoring regulation). The vast majority in this category are violations of the unregulated
contaminant monitoring requirements. The count also includes reported violations of contaminants not regulated by
EPA, such as the secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs), other VOCs and SOCs regulated by the state, and
a small number of data errors not reject during the SDWIS update.
32
-------
TABLE E-2 NTNCWS (and population) with TT Violations By Contaminant Code (1)
FY1995 #
Pop
FY1994 #
Pop
LCC
126
34,881
57
15,000
SWTR (2)
71
46.039
78
38,000
Total (3)
19?
80,920
135
53,000
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources:FY1995: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
FY1994: Previous years* PWSS Compliance Report. Data not available before FY 1994.
f .
Notes for Table E-2;
1. Treatment Technique requirements for the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) and the Lead and Copper rule (LCR) did not go into effect
until FY 1993.
2. Except for the FY 1993 data, the count of violations and systems in violation exclude unfiltered pubh'c water systems hi violation of the Treatment
Technique requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR). These unfiltered systems failed to comply with the State (or EPA)
requirement to install filtration treatment within 18 months of the State order. For FY 1995, this undercounts the violation of the SWTR by
about 800 water systems, serving over 11,000,000 people. This omission will be adjusted in future reports.
3. Total may be less than the sum of the individual contaminant groups because a water system may have had a violation
in more than one contaminant group (e.g., TCR violation and IOC (nitrate) violation in same year).
33
-------
TABLE E-3 NTNCWS (and Population) with MfR Violations, by Contaminant Code
FY1995 #
Pop
FY1994 #
Pop
TCR/T
3,444
951,828
2,875
821,000
Organics:
VOC SOC
413 233
109,667 52,208
537
147,000
Inorganics:
N03 IOC
849 319
203,357 114,688
1,512
375,000
Rad.
5
371
17
2,000
LCR
623
160,072
4,385
1,049,000
SWTR
14
8,783
41
28.000
OTHER CONTAM
CODES (2)
595
134,783
**
**
Total (1)
4,885
1,314,262
7,134
1,916,000
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sourcw.FY 1995: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). frozen on March 5.1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
FY1994: Previous years' PWSS Compliance Report.
N/A- Data not available for FY 1991-FY1993.
Notes for Table E-3:
1. Total may be less than the sum of the individual contaminant groups because a water system may have had a violation in more than one
contaminant group (e.g., TCR violation and IOC (nitrate) violation in same year).
2. Other Contaminant Codes (beyond those included hi the named contaminant groups) includes: (1) for M/R violations, all violations reported of the
requirement to monitor for the unregulated contaminants listed in the Phase I and Phase II organic and inorganic chemical drinking water
regulations, and (2) miscellaneous regulatory requirements (such as the corrosivity special monitoring regulation). The vast majority hi this
category are violations of the unregulated contaminant monitoring requirements. The count also includes reported violations of contaminants
not regulated by EPA, such as the secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs), other VOCs and SOCs regulated by the state, and a small
number of data errors not reject during the SDWIS update.
34
-------
-------
TABLE E-4 - NTNCWS (and Pop) In Violation by System Size, for Each Violation Type
I. MCL FY 1995
FY 1994
FY 1993
FY 1992
FY 1991
II. TT (1) FY 1995
FY1994
FY 1993
III. MIR FY1995
FY 1994
FY1993
FY 1992
FY1991
IV. Other Violations (2) FY1995
TOTAL (3) FY1995
FY 1994
FY 1993
FY 1992
FY 1991
VERY SMALL
NO. POP
1,002 129,720
972 132,000
1,047 137,000
947 126,000
871 123,000
149 22,927
NfA
N/A
4,319 572,028
6,310 870,000
3,704 492,000
3,279 413,000
3,882 499,000
136 17,757
5,110 677,155
6,900 N/A
4,417 N/A
3,905 NfA
4,469 NJA
SMALL
NO. POP.
150 153,673
143 145,000
192 198,000
142 145,000
121 128,000
46 47,108
541 532,490
787 762,000
498 513,000
463 487,000
535 557,000
14 16,533
686 682,150
881
644
568
618
MEDIUM
NO. POP.
8 48,930
6 38,000
2 14,000
4 21,000
8 36,000
2 10,885
20 100,544
32 155,000
27 146,000
12 56,000
20 106,000
1 9,000
27 137,929
36
28
14
24
LARGE
NO. POP.
2 38,000
3 107,000
4 89,000
0 0
0 0
0 0
5 109,200
5 129,000
8 159,000
2 31,000
4 99,000
0 0
6 120,400
6
11
2
4
VERY LARGE
NO. POP.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
00
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
NO. POP.
1,162 370,323
1,124 422,000
1,245 438,000
1,093 292,000
1,000 287,000
197 80,920
4,885 1,314.262
7,134 ' 1,916,000
4,237 1,310,000
3,756 987,000
4,441 1,261,000
151 43,290
5,829 1,617,634-
7,823
5,100
4,489
5,115
I
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources: FY1995: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of FRF queries to generate reports.
FY1991-94: Previous years' PWSS Compliance Report.
N/A= Data not available by system size before FY 1995.
35
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Notes for Table E-4;
1. Requirements for Treatment Techniques for SWTR and LCR went into effect in FY 1993. Data for FY 1993 and FY
1994 not available.
2. Other Violation Types (beyond MCL. M/R, and XT violations) may include reported violations of the public notification requirements ( codes OS,
06), the requirement for a sanitary survey under the Total Coliform Rule (code 28), the conditions set under a variance or exemption (08), and
miscellaneous. The count may also include a small number of data errors not rejected during the SDWIS update. Over 75 % of the total is for
public notification violations (code 6).
3. Total may be less than the sum of the individual violation types because a water system may have had a violation hi more than one category (e.g.,
MCL and M/R violation reported hi same year).
36
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II. DATA TABLES:
F. NUMBER OF TNCWS IN VIOLATION
-- FY 1991 - FY 1995 STATISTICS
-37-
-------
-------
TABLE F-1-TNCWS (and Pop) with MCL violations. By Contaminant Code (1)
FY 1995
ONLY
#
Population
TCWT
3,141
593,564 .
IOCS:
N03
175
13,139
OTHER
CONTAMINANT
CODES (2)
23
1,902
TOTAL (3)
3.324
608,059
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources; Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
(Data not available by contaminant group before FY 1995)
Notes for Table F-1:
L NOTE: Transient Noncontmunity Water Systems (TNCWS) must comply only with the standards (including the monitoring and reporting
requirements) for Total Coliform Rule (TCR) and Turbidity (TCR/T), the Nitrate (NO3), and the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), if
they use a surface water source.
2. Total may be less than the sum of the individual contaminant groups because a water system may have had a violation in more than one
contaminant group (e.g., TCR violation and IOC (nitrate) violation in same year).
3. Other Contaminant Codes (beyond those included in the named contaminant groups) includes: (1) for M/R violations, all violations reported of the
requirement to monitor for the unregulated contaminants listed in the Phase I and Phase II organic and inorganic chemical drinking water
regulations, and (2) miscellaneous regulatory requirements (such as the corrosivity special monitoring regulation). The vast majority in this
category are violations of the unregulated contaminant monitoring requirements. The count also includes reported violations of contaminants
not regulated by EPA, such as the secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs), other VOCs and SOCs regulated by the state, and a small
number of data errors not reject during the SDWIS update.
38
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TABLE F-2 - TNCWS (and population) with TT violations, by Contaminant Code (1)
FV 1995 ONLY?
ft
Population
SWTR (2)
139
63,214
Other
Contaminant
Codes (3)
9
4,526
Total (4)
148
67,740
Definition of Terms and Data Categories: See Appendix 1
Data Sources; Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix, II for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
(Data not available by contaminant group before FY 1995)
fllntRS for Table F-2: .
L NOTE: Transient Noncoinmunity Water Systems (TNCWS) must comply only with the standards (including the monitoring and reporting
requirements) for Total Conform Rule (TCR) and Turbidity
-------
Table F-3: - TNCWS With (AND POPULATION) with M|R violations, BY Contaminant Code (1)
FY 1995 ONLY:
#
Population
TCR/T
12,168
1,615,711
Inorganics:
N03.
6,011
529,496
SWTR
123
29,131
OTHER
CONTAMINANT
CODES (2)
776
104,999
TOTAL (3)
17,243
2,068,880
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources; Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
(Data not available by contaminant group before FY 1995)
Motes for Table F-1:
L NOTE: Transient Noncontmunity Water Systems (TNCWS) must comply only with the standards (including the monitoring and reporting
requirements) for Total Coliform Rule (TCR) and Turbidity (TCR/T), the Nitrate (NO3), and the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), if
they use a surface water source.
2. Other Contaminant Codes (beyond those included La the named contaminant groups) includes: (1) for M/R violations, all violations reported of the
requirement to monitor for the unregulated contaminants listed in the Phase I and Phase n organic and Inorganic chemical drinking water
regulations, and (2) miscellaneous regulatory requirements (such as the corrosivity special monitoring regulation). The vast majority in this
category are violations of the unregulated contaminant monitoring requirements. The count also includes reported violations of contaminants
not regulated by EPA, such as the secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs), other VOCs and SOCs regulated by the state, and a small
number of data errors not reject during the SDWIS update.
3. Total may be less than the sum of the individual contaminant groups because a water system may have had a violation in more than one
contaminant group (e.g., TCR violation and IOC (nitrate) violation in same year).
40
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TABLE F-4-TNCWS (and Pop) In Violation by System Size, for Each Violation Type (1)
FY 1995 ONLY:
I. MCL
II. TT
III. M/R
IV. Other Violation Types (2)
TOTAL (3) FY1995
FY1994
FY1993
FY1992
FY1991
VERY SMALL
NO. POP
3,203 264,193
125 14,945
16,775 1,343,628
1,046 80,836
19,089 1,526,201
15,416 NA.
14,301 NA.
12,824 NA
NA.
SMALL
NO. POP.
104 120,990
19 25,789
438 460,120
27 25,284
513 548,154
519 NA.
481 NA.
497 NA.
MEDIUM
NO. POP.
10 50,533
4 27,006
26 139,237
2 9,000
33 174,770
21 J NA.
41 NA.
34 NA.
LARGE
NO. POP.
7 172,,343
0 0
4 125,895
00
9 209,518
4 NA.
11 NA.
5 NA.
VERY LARGE
NO. POP.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 NA
1 NA
'O NA
TOTAL
NO. POP.
3,324 608,059
148 67,740
17,243 2,068,880
1,075 115,120
19,644 2,458,643
15,960 NA.
14,885 NA
13,360 NA
Definition of Terms and Data Categories; See Appendix 1
Data Sources; FY1995: Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), frozen on March 5,1996
See Appendix 2 for library of PRF queries to generate reports.
FY 1991-94: Previous years' PWSS Compliance Report.
NA = Data not available for population by system size before FY 1995. No data available for FY 1991.
Notes for Table F-4;
1, NOTE: Transient Noncpmmunity Water Systems (TNCWS) must comply only with the standards (including.thc monitoring and reporting
requirements) for Total Coliform Rule (TCR) and Turbidity (TCR/T), the Nitrate (NO3), and the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), if
they use a surface water source.
2. Other Violation Types (beyond MCL. M/R, and TT violations) may include reported violations of the public notification requirements (codes 05,
06), the requirement for a sanitary survey under the Total Coliform Rule (code 28), the conditions set under a variance or exemption (08), and
miscellaneous. The count may also include a small number of data errors not rejected during the SDWIS update. Over 75 % of the total is for
public notification violations (code 6).
3. Total may be less than the sum of the individual violation types because a water system may have had a violation in more than one category (e.g.,
MCL and M/R viblation reported in same year).
41
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APPENDICES:
1. DEFINITION OF TERMS AND DATA CATEGORIES
2. SOURCES OF DATA FOR FY 1995 PWSS STATISTICS
- 42 -
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APPENDIX 1
PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics; Definition of Terms and Data Categories
Introduction. The terms used in the report are consistent with the SDWIS/FED data definitions. The codes listed here define
the select criteria in the queries used to generate the reports. (SDWIS/FED Reference: Final System Users Guide for
SDWIS/FED, Appendices I, II, VJ)
Public Water System (PWS) Definitions:
o A Public Water System (PWS) provides piped water for human consumption to at least 15 service connections or serves
an average of at leat 25 people for at least 60 days each year. PWSs can be community, nontransient noncommunity, or
transient noncommunity water systems.
o A Community Water System (CWS) is a PWS that provides water to the same population year-round.
o A Nontransient Noncommunity Water System (NTNCWS) is a PWS that regularly serves at least 25 of the same people
at least six months of the year. Examples of these systems include schools, factories, and hospitals that have their own
water supplies.
o A Transient Noncommunity Water System (TNCWS) caters to transitory customers in non residential areas such as
campgrounds, motels, and gas stations.
The Public Water System Inventory includes systems coded current and active in SDWIS on the date the data was pulled from
the data base. For FY 1995, they represent the inventory status as of September 30,1995 from the SDWIS data base on
March 4,1996. The inventory count excludes systems d3esignated as having "blank" sources" (for FY 1995, these include 18
CWS, 1 NTNCWS, and 5 TNCWS - see SDWIS PRF query: PME.BLANKS_95)
o System Type:
Community Water Systems (CWS) ='C'
Non Transient Non-Community Water Systems (NTNCWS) = 'NTNC'
Transient Non-Community Water Systems (TNCWS) ='NC'
(NOTE: Non-Public Water Systems are excluded = W)
APPENDIX 1
-------
o Source Type:
Surface Water:
Surface Water ='SW,
Surface Water Purchased = 'SWF
Ground Water Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water = 'GUD'; and
GUDI Purchased ='GUP'.
Ground Water:
Ground Water (GW); and
Ground Water Purchased (GWP).
o System Size Population served by the PWS is divided into five categories:
VERY SMALL: 25-500
SMALL: 501-3,300
MEDIUM: 3,301-10,000
LARGE 10,001-100,000
VERY LARGE Over 100,000
Public Water System (PWS) Violations represent a count of all violations of the EPA National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations (NPDWRs) reported by the State into SDWIS as occurring during the fiscal year. The total is divided into
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) violations, Treatment Technique (TT) violations, Monitoring and Reporting (M/R)
violations, and Other Violation Types (OTHER).
o Violation Type Violation Type codes are grouped into four categories (with the SDWIS/FED codes for the attribute):
MCL = '01','02V21','22'
- TT = '41' (SWTR)
'57,'58','59','60','61','62','63V64','65'(LCR)
APPENDIX!
-------
M/R = '03', '04', '23', '24', '25', '26' (MGL)
«31','36'(SWTR)
'51', '52', '53', '54', '55', '56
OTHER = '05'-'10','28', (and all other violation type codes accepted into SDWIS/FED)
o Contaminant Group Violations are reported by contaminant code groupings:
Total Coliform Rule or Turbidity (TCR/T) = '0100', '3100'
Volatile Organic Chemicals (Organic - VOC= '2990', '2982', '2984', '2976', '2981', 2977', '2980', '2380', '2992',
'2989', '2968', '2996', '2987', '2991', '2979', '2955', '2983', '2326', '2964', '2985','2378', '2969', '2950'
Synthetic Organic Chemicals (Organic -SOC) = '2051', 2050', '2046', '2959', '2946', '2931', '2065', '2067',
'2010', '2015', '2020', '2383', '2105', '2110', '2306', '2031', '2035', '2384',' 2041', '2032', '2033', '2005', '2034',
'2274','2042','2036','2040','2037','2063
Nitrate (Inorganics -NO3) = '1040'
Other Inorganic Chemicals (IOC) = '1005', '1025', '1094', '1010', 1015', '1020', '1035', 1045', '1074', '1075',
1024;, '1036', 1085'
Rudionuclides (Rads) = '4000'- '4999'
Lead and Copper Rule (Lead and Copper) = '5100'
Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) = '0200'
-- Other Contaminant Codes (Other) = (Violations reported under contaminant codes not included above.)
APPENDIX 1
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APPENDIX 2
Sources of Data for FY 1995 PWSS Statistics
Introduction. The source of data for all FY 1995 data tables is the Safe Drinking Water Information System
(SDWIS/FED), which contains inventory, violation, and enforcement data for all public water systems regulated
by EPA. The source of data for FY 1991 through FY 1994 is the National PWSS Annual Compliance Report for
each one of the years.
For most of the national FY 1995 data tables in this document, the statistics can be replicated at National,
Region, and State level using the PRF ad hoc queries referenced below. The PRF queries can be modified to
generate the statistics for other subsets of the inventory (e.g., source water type, system size). OGWDW is
developing a series of standard reports from these PRF queries to allow more convenient user access to these
PWSS statistics, including options to select different system types, sources, size, etc. Some of these will be
available for the FY 1996 PWSS statistics in_mid-FY 1997.
Frozen SDWIS/FED Data Base. The FY 1995 data tables were generated from a special SDWIS/FED data file that
was created under SDWIS on the EPA Mainframe in March, 1996. This frozen data base contains only selected
entities and attributes, to support generation of the inventory and compliance statistics at the end of FY 1995.
Each of the data tables saved has the same table name as the "live" SDWIS/FED counterpart, except that the
names have a suffix of _V1. For example, the violations table in SDWIS/FED is named PWSSDOWN.TFRVIOL.
Its name in the frozen data base is called PWSSDOWN.TFRVIOL_V1. The following tables are in the frozen
SDWIS/FED data base:
PWSSDOWN.TINWSYS_V1
PWSSDOWN.TINTFRSNC_V1
PWSSDOWN.TFRSNCVA_V1
PWSSDOWN.TFRVIOL_V1
PWSSDOWN.TFRENACT V1
Water system table
SNC table
SNC to violation assignment
Violations table
Enforcement table
APPENDIX 2-1
-------
PWSSDOWN.TFRVEA_V1 Violation to enforcement assignment
PWSSDOWN.TINGOWAGJ/1 Govtagency
PWSSDOWN.TFRMEVNTJVI Milestones table
SDWIS Standard Reports and Ad Hoc PRF Queries. All the FY 1995 statistics except the ones noted below used
PRF ad hoc queries of the frozen data base. The inventory data was generated using the SDWIS07 report on the
"live" SDWIS/FED data base. The inventory data was from the same SDWIS/FED file that was used to generate
the frozen data base, so the data is comparable to the other frozen data base runs. Unfortunately, the SDWIS07
report cannot run off the frozen data base. The following library of PRF queries may be used to generate the FY
1995 statistics:
A. INVENTORY (Tables A-1 to A-71: (SDWIS07 Report, dated 3/5/96)
B. VIOLATIONS:
Table B-l. Violations By Violation Type, For Each System Type
1. AIS.CARL_COUNT_VIOS1
2. AIS.CARL_VIOPOP_eOUNT
Table B-2. Violations By Source Type, For Each System Type
1. AIS.CARLB_VIOLF
Table B-3. Violations By System Size By Violation Type, For Each System Type:
(SAS Reportfrom extractfrom "frozen"SDWIS/FED data base)
C.PWS IN VIOLATION:
Table C-l. PWS (and Pop) in Violation By Violation Type, for Each System Type:
APPENDIX 2-2
-------
1. AIS.FY95_TOTAL_MCL; (Amend query to select system type)
2. AIS.FY95_TOTAL__TRT; (Amend query to select system type)
3. AIS.FY95_TOTALJVINR (Amend query to select system type)
Table C-2. PWS (and Pop) in Violation By Contaminant Code, For Each Violation Type
PRF Queries: (Same queries as listed in Table C/D/E/F-1, but amend system type: <>'NP')
Table C-3. PWS (and Pop) in Violation By Source Type, For Each System Type
1. AIS.CARLCJ/IOLF: (No. Of Systems in Violation)
2. AIS.CARLD_VIOLF: (Pop. Served by Systems in Violation)
Table C-4. PWS (and Pop) in Violation By System Size, For Each System Type:
(SAS report from extract of "frozen" SDWIS/FED data base)
D. CWS IN VIOLATION-
Table D-1. CWS (and Pop) with MCL Violations, By Contaminant Code
(For each, select system type = C)
1. AIS.FY95_MCRTRB_MCL;
2. AIS.FY95_CHEM_VOC_MCL;
3. AIS.FY95_CHEM_SOC_MCL;
4. AIS.FY95_CHEM_NIT_MCL
5. AIS.FY95_CHEM_IOC_MCL;
6. AIS.FY95_RAD_MC L;
7. AIS.CARL_COUNT_VIOS1; AIS.C_POPSUM_BY-CONTAM (TO LIST "OTHER CONTAMINANT CODES")
8. AIS.FY95_TOTAL_MCL,
Table D-2. CWS (and Pop) with TT Violations, By Contaminant Code
APPENDIX 2-3
-------
(For each, select system type = C)
1. AIS.FY95_PBCU_TRT;
2. AIS.FY95_SWTR_TRT;
3. AIS.FY95_TOTAL_TRT
Table D-3. CWS (and Pop) with M/R Violations, By Contaminant Code
(For each, select system type = C)
1. AIS.FY95_MCRTRB_MNR;
2. AIS.FY95_CHEM_VOC_MNR)
3.. AIS.FY95_CHEM_SOC_MNR;
4. AIS.FY95_CHEM_NIT_MNR;
5. AIS.FY95_CHEM_IOC_MNR;
6. AIS.FY95_RAD_MNR;
7. AIS.FY95_LCR_MNR;
8. AIS.FY95_SWTR_MNR;
9. AIS.CARL_COUNT_VIOS1; AIS.C_POPSUM_BY_CONTAM (TO LIST "OTHER CONTAMINANT CODES")
10 AIS.FY95_TOTAL_MNR
Table D-4. CWS (and Pop) in Violation by System Size, For Each Violation Type
(SAS Extract from "frozen" SDWIS/FED data base)
Table D-5. CWS (and Pop) in Violation by Region, For Each Violation Type
(SAS Extract from "frozen" SDWIS/FED data base)
E. NTNCWS IN VIOLATION:
Table E-1. NTNCWS (and Pop) with MCL Violations, By Contaminant Code
(For each, select system type = NTNC)
APPENDIX2-4
-------
.FY95_MCRTRB_MCL;
2. AIS.FY95_CHEM_VOC_MCL;
3. AIS.FY95_CHEM_SOC_MCL;
4. AIS FY95_CHEM_NIT_MCL
5. AIS.FY95_CHEM_IOC_MCL;
6. AIS.FY95_RAD_MCL;
7. AIS.CARL_COUNT_VIOS1;AIS.C_POPSUM_BY_CONTAM (TO LIST "OTHER CONTAMINANT CODES")
8. AIS.FY95_TOTAL_MCL
Table E-2. NTNCWS (and Pop) with TT Violations, By Contaminant Code
(For each, select system type= NTNC)
1. AIS.FY95_PBCU_TRT;
2. AIS.FY95_SWTR_TRT;
3. AIS.FY95JTOTAL_TRT
Table E-3. NTNCWS (and Pop) with M/R Violations, By Contaminant Code
(For each, select system type = NTNC)
1. AIS.FY95_MCRTRB_MNR;
2. AIS.FY95_CHEM_VOC_MNR)
3.. AIS.FY95_CHEM_SOC_MNR;
4. AIS.FY95_CHEM_NIT_MNR;
5. AIS.FY95_CHEM_IOC_MNR;
6. AIS.FY95_RAD_MNR;
7. AIS.FY95_LCR_MNR;
8. AIS.FY95_SWTR_MNR;
9. AIS.CARL_COUNT_VIOS1; AIS.C_POPSUM_BY_CONTAM (TO LIST "OTHER CONTAMINANT CODES")
10 AIS FY95_TOTAL_MNR
Table E-4. NTNCWS (and Pop) in Violation by Sys.Size, For Each Violation Type
APPENDIX2-5
-------
(SES Extract from "frozen" SDWIS/FED Data Base)
F. TNCWS IN VIOLATION -
Table F-1. TNCWS (and Pop) with MCL Violations, By Contaminant Code
(For each, select system type = NC)
1. AIS.FY95_MGRTRB_MCL;
2. AIS.FY95_CHEM_NIT_MCL;
3. AIS.CARL_COUNT_VIOS1; AIS.C_POPSUM_BY_CONTAM (TO LIST "OTH'ER CONTAMINANT CODES")
4. AIS.FY95_TOTAL_MCL
Table F-2. TNCWS (and Pop) with TT Violations, By Contaminant Code
(For each, select system type = NC)
1. AIS.FY95_SWTR_TRT;
2. AIS.FY95_TOTAL_TRT
Table F-3. TNCWS (and Pop) with M/R Violations, By Contaminant Code
(For each, select system type = NC)
1. AIS.FY95_MCRTRB_MNR;
2. AIS.FY95_CHEM_NIT_MNR;
3. AIS.CARL_COUNT_VIOS1; AIS.C_POPSUM_BY_CONTAM (TO LIST "OTHER CONTAMINANT CODES")
4. AIS.FY95_TOTAL_MNR
Table F-4.TNCWS (and Pop) in Violation by System Size, For Each Violation Type
(SES Extract from "frozen" SDWIS/FED Data Base)
APPENDIX 2-6
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