EPA REGION VII IRC
077928
PROPOSED
BEST DEMONSTRATED AND AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR
K028, K029, K095, K096
jantes R. Berlow, Acting Chief
Waste Treatment Branch
Lisa Jones
Project Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
December 28, 1988
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 2-1
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description 2-2
2.2 Waste Characterization 2-4
2.3 Determination of Waste Treatability Groups 2-4
3.0 APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3-1
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 3-1
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 3-5
4.0 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA BASE 4-1
4.1 Treatment of Organic Constituents- 4-2
4.2 Treatment of Inorganic Constituents 4-4
5.0 IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AND AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGY (BOAT) 5-1
6.0 SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS 6-1
6.1 BDAT List Constituents Detected in Untreated Waste
But Deleted from Consideration for Regulation 6-2
6.2 Constituents Selected for Proposed Regulation 6-4
7.0 DEVELOPMENT OF BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS 7-1
7.1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater
Forms of K028 7-3
7.2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Wastewater
Forms of K028 7-7
8.0 REFERENCES 8-1
APPENDIX A - SUMMARY OF PLANT CODES
APPENDIX B - WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE
APPENDIX C - ACCURACY CORRECTION OF TREATMENT DATA
APPENDIX D - DETECTION LIMITS FOR K028 AND K095
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2-1 AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K028 2-6
2-2 AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K095 2-9
2 - 3 AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K096 2-10
4-1 WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR F024 FROM
PLANTS E, F, G, AND H AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY ROTARY
KILN INCINERATION 4-7
4-2 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FROM ROTARY
KILN INCINERATION OF F024 FROM PLANTS E, F, G, AND H -
KILN ASH RESIDUAL 4-10
4-3 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FROM ROTARY
KILN INCINERATION OF F024 FROM PLANTS E, F, G, AND H -
SCRUBBER WATER RESIDUAL 4-11
4-4 DESIGN AND OPERATING DATA FOR THE ROTARY KILN AND SECONDARY
COMBUSTOR FOR SAMPLE SETS 1 THROUGH 6 4-12
4-5 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K048
AND K051, PLANT C - LIME AND FLYASH STABILIZATION OF
INCINERATOR ASH 4-13
4-6 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K062,
PLANT D - LIME AND SULFIDE PRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY
VACUUM FILTRATION 4-15
6-1 UNTREATED K028 ANALYZED FOR BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS 6-5
6-2 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN K028
WASTEWATERS AND NONWASTEWATERS 6-13
7-1 CALCULATION OF PROPOSED TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR ORGANIC
CONSTITUENTS IN K028 NONWASTEWATERS 7-13
7-2 CALCULATION OF PROPOSED TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR METAL
CONSTITUENTS IN K028 NONWASTEWATERS 7-14
7-3 CALCULATION OF PROPOSED TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR ORGANIC
CONSTITUENTS IN K028 WASTEWATERS 7-15
7-4 CALCULATION OF PROPOSED TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR METAL
CONSTITUENTS IN K028 WASTEWATERS 7-16
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
2-1 SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM FOR PRODUCTION OF
1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE 2-3
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
In accordance with the amendments to the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) enacted in the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
of November 8, 1984, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to
establish best demonstrated available technology (BOAT) treatment standards
for the listed wastes identified in 40 CFR 261.32 as K028, K029, K095, and
K096 from the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Compliance with these BOAT
treatment standards is a prerequisite for placement of these wastes in units
designated as land disposal units according to 40 CFR Part 268. The BOAT
treatment standards will be effective as of June 8, 1989.
This background document provides the Agency's rationale and techni-
cal support for selecting the proposed constituents to be regulated in K028
waste and for developing proposed treatment standards for these constituents.
This background document also provides the Agency's rationale and technical
support for proposing a standard of "No Land Disposal Based on No Generation"
for all K029 nonwastewaters and & standard of "No Land Disposal Based on
Recycling" for all K095 and K096 nonwastewaters. The Agency is not proposing
treatment standards for wastewater forms of K029, K09S, or K096. The Agency
may develop such treatment standards prior to May 8, 1990 if there is an
identified need for such standards (i.e., if wastewater forms of the listed
wastes are proven to be generated). Uastewater forms of these wastes are
expected to be generated from a few sources such as leachate collected from
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landfills and other land disposal units that contain previously disposed K029,
K095, and K096 wastes.~
Also included is waste characterization information that serves as a
basis for determining whether variances from a treatment standard may be
warranted for a particular waste that has characteristics such that the
particular waste is more difficult to treat than the wastes that were analyzed
in developing the treatment standards for these wastes.
The Agency's legal authority and promulgated methodology for estab-
lishing treatment standards and the petition process necessary for requesting
a variance from the treatment standards are summarized in an EPA document
entitled Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards.
This background document presents the following waste-specific
information: the number and locations of facilities affected by the land
disposal restrictions for K028, K029, K095, and K096; the processes generating
the wastes; the waste characterization data; the technologies used to treat
the wastes (or similar wastes, if any); and the treatment performance data on
which the proposed treatment standards are based, if appropriate. This
document also explains EPA's determination of BOAT, selection of constituents
to be regulated, and calculation of proposed treatment standards.
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Under 40 CFR 261.32, waste codes K028, K029, K095, and K096, which
are generated in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, are listed as
follows:
K028: Spent catalyst from the hydrochlorinator reactor in the
production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane;
K029: Waste from the product steam stripper in the production of
1,1,1-trichloroethane;
K095: Distillation bottoms from the production of
1,1,1-trichloroethane; and
K096: Heavy ends from the heavy ends column from the production
of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
The four digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code associated with
the production of chlorinated organic chemicals is 2869. The Agency believes
that there are three facilities on the United States manufacturing 1,1,1-tri-
chloroethane that could potentially generate these listed wastes.
The Agency is proposing to regulate ten organic constituents and
four metal constituents in K028 wastewaters and nonwastewaters. For the
purpose of determining the applicability of the proposed treatment standards,
wastewaters are classified as wastes containing less than 1 percent (weight
basis) total suspended solids (TSS) and less than 1 percent (weight basis)
The tern "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EPA's previously
used terminology of "total solids" and "filterable solids." Specifically,
total suspended solids is measured by method 209C (Total suspended solids
dried at 103-105 C) in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater. American Public Health Association, American Water Works
Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation, Sixteenth Edition.
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total organic carbon (TOG). Wastes not meeting this definition are classified
as nonwastewaters. ~
The Agency does not have any performance data for treatment of K028.
A treatment performance test for this waste has not been pursued because the
Agency believes that adequate treatment performance data are available from
similar wastes previously tested by the BOAT program. Therefore, treatment
performance data were transferred from other previously'tested wastes to
develop treatment standards for K028 nonwastewaters and wastewaters. The
proposed BOAT treatment standards for organic constituents in K028 nonwaste-
waters are based on treatment performance data transferred from the ash
residual from incineration of F024. The proposed BOAT treatment standards for
metal constituents in K028 nonwastewaters (and F024 nonwastewaters) are based
on performance data from stabilization of ash from the incineration of K048
and K051.
For K028 wastewaters, the proposed BDAT treatment standards for the
organic constituents are based on treatment performance data for the scrubber
water residual from incineration of F024. Treatment standards for metal
constituents in K028 wastewaters (and F024 wastewaters) are based on treatment
performance data from treatment of K062 mixed with metal-bearing character-
istic wastes by chemical precipitation and sludge dewatering.
Since the Agency is proposing a standard of "No Land Disposal" for
K029, K095, and K096 nonwastewaters, numerical standards were not developed
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for these wastes; thus, treatment performance data were not transferred from
previously-tested wastes.
The tables following this section list the specific proposed BOAT
treatment standards for K028, K029, K095, and K096. The treatment standards
for K028 reflect the total concentration of each organic constituent being
proposed for regulation in K028 nonwastewaters and the total concentration of
each metal and organic constituent being proposed for regulation in K028
wastewaters. The treatment standards for metal constituents in K028 nonwaste-
waters are based on analysis of leachate obtained by use of the Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) found in Appendix I of 40 CFR Part
268. The units for total constituent concentration are in mg/kg (parts per
million on a weight-by-weight basis) for nonwastewaters and in mg/1 (parts per
million on a weight-by-volume basis) for wastewaters. The units for leachate
analysis are in mg/1 (parts per million on a weight-by-volume basis). If the
concentrations of the proposed regulated constituents in K028, as generated,
are lower than or equal to the proposed treatment standards, then treatment of
K028 is not required prior to land disposal.
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PROPOSED BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K028
NONWASTEWATERS
Maximum for any
Single Grab Sample
Organic Constituents
1,1-Dichloroethane
trans -1,2•Dichloroethene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachloroethane
Pentachloroethane
Total Concentration
dng/kg')
0.014
0.014
1.9
1.9
0.014
0.014
0.014
2.7
1.8
1.9
Metal Constituents
Chromium (total)
Nickel
TCLP Leachate Concentration
fmy/1")
1.7
0.048
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PROPOSED BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K028
WASTEWATERS
Maximum for any
Single Grab Sample
Total Concentration
Organic Constituents
1,1-Dichloroethane
trans -1,2-Dichloroethene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachloroethane
Pentachloroethane
0.014
0.036
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.036
0.014
Total Concentration
Metal Constituents
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Lead
Nickel
6.4
0.35
0.037
0.47
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PROPOSED BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K029
NONWASTEWATERS
NO LAND DISPOSAL BASED ON NO GENERATION
PROPOSED BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K095 AND K096
NONWASTEWATERS
NO LAND DISPOSAL BASED ON RECYCLING
PROPOSED BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K029, K095, AND K096
WASTEWATERS
STANDARDS ARE DEFERRED
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2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
The Hazardous and Solid Uaste Amendments (HSUA) specify dates after
which particular groups of hazardous wastes will be prohibited from land
disposal. The amendments also require the Environmental Protection Agency to
establish treatment standards for each waste that, when met, will allow that
waste to be land disposed. Wastes generated in the production of 1,1,1-tri-
chloroethane are part of the second-third of the scheduled listed wastes to be
evaluated by the Agency for land disposal restrictions. The purpose of this
section is to describe the industry affected by the land disposal restrictions
for K028, K029, K095, and K096 and the processes generating the wastes, and to
present available waste characterization data.
Wastes identified as K028, K029, K09S, and K096 are specifically
generated by the 1,1,1-trichloroethane manufacturing process and are listed in
40 CFR 261.32 as follows:
K028: Spent catalyst from the hydrochlorinator reactor in the
production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane;
K029: Waste from the product steam stripper in the production of
1,1,1-trichloroethane;
K095: Distillation bottoms from the production of 1,1,1-trichloro-
ethane; and
K096: Heavy ends from the heavy ends column from the production of
1,1,1-trichloroethane.
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2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description
Three facilities in the United States are known to generate K028,
K029, K095, or K096. These facilities, their locations, the EPA Regions in
which they are located, and the waste codes generated are listed below. None
of the facilities currently generates K029.
Facilities Generating K028
EPA Wastes
Facility Location Region Generated
Dow Chemical Company, U.S.A. Freeport, TX VI K028
PPG Industries, Inc. Lake Charles, LA VI K028, K095
Vulcan Materials Co. Geismar, LA VI K028, K096
1,1,1-Trichloroethane is produced commercially by the catalytic
hydrochlorination of vinyl chloride. A simplified flow diagram illustrating
the 1,1,1-trichloroethane manufacturing process and the generation for K028,
K029, K095, and K096 is presented in Figure 2-1. Vinyl chloride and hydrogen
chloride are reacted in the presence of a ferric chloride catalyst to produce
1,1-dichloroethane intermediate. Spent catalyst is separated from the product
stream via filtration or distillation. The spent catalyst stream is the
listed wast* K028. The 1,1-dichloroethan* intermediate is then reacted with
chlorine to produce 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Heavy ends from the heavy ends
Source: 1987 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of
America (Reference 5).
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Vinyl Chloride
Hydrogen Chloride
Ferric
Chloride
Catalyst
Hydrochlorinator
Reactor
Light Ends Recycle
Catalyst
Separation
0
°
21
•3
•
N>
I
OJ
CWorin€
Chlorination
Reactor
Spwit
Catalyst
(K028)
Heavy
Ends
(K096)
1
** O c
3=81
!|i
_^. 1.1,1-Trichloroethane
Product
Distillation
Bottoms
(K095)
Figure 2-1. Simplified Flow Diagram for Production of 1.1.1 -Trichloroethane
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column, if used, comprise K096. The heavy ends column is generally placed
prior to the secondary chlorination reactor. Distillation bottoms from the
final purification of 1,1,1-trichloroethane product comprise K095. Although
not currently generated, K029 is generated as a steam stripper waste in
processes where a steam stripper is used prior to final distillation and
recovery of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
2.2 Waste Characterization
K028 generally contains greater than SO percent chlorinated organic
constituents, with the balance of the waste comprised of heavy tars and ferric
chloride catalyst. Tables 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 contain the ranges of BOAT List
constituents (volatiles, semivolatiles, metals, and other inorganics) and
other parameters identified as present in K028, K095, and K096, respectively.
The data presented in these tables were obtained from sampling and analysis
conducted by the land disposal restrictions and relisting programs. No waste
characterization data are available for K029.
2.3 Determination of Waste Treatability Groups
In cases where EPA believes that constituents present in wastes
represented in different codes can be treated to similar concentrations using
the same technology, the Agency may combine the wastes into one treatability
group.
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K028, K095, and K096 are all generated by the same industry (chlori-
nated organic chemicals industry) and the same process (production of
1,1,1-trichloroethane). K029 is not generated and therefore not considered in
developing treatability groups.
Based on the waste characterization data presented in Tables 2-2,
and 2-3, K095 and K096 contain the same constituents at similar concentra-
tions. Furthermore, both wastes are recycled to the same or other processes.
Based on these similarities, the Agency has determined that K095 and K096
represent a single treatability group.
K028 contains many of the sane constituents at similar concen-
trations as those contained in K095 and K096; however, spent ferric chloride
catalyst contained in K028 precludes recycle of this waste. Therefore, the
Agency has determined that K028 represents a single waste treatability group.
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Table 2-1
AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K028
Source of Datai
BOAT LIST ORGANICS
Volatllas
22. 1.1-D1chloroethane
25. trans-1.2-D1chloroathena
40. 1,1.1.2-Tetrachloroethane
41. 1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethane
45. 1,1.1-Trlchloroethane
46. I.1,2-Trlchloroethane
Untreated Masta Concentration
is!
(ppm)
(ppm)
(ppm)
1.082.000*
<50.000
<50.000
<50,000
<50.000
<50.000
<50,000
(ppm)
(ppm)
115.000-1 .082,000*
ND-1.700
ND-200.000
NO-53.000
ND-6.500
ND-1.900
NO-300.000
Semivolat1laa
111. Haxachlorobutadlana
113. Hexachloroethane
137. PentachIoroathane
<94
<94
NO
NO-170
NO-170
NO-6.900
BOAT LIST METALS
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
17
0.6
109
132
42
70
1 .3
78
17
0.6
109
132
42
70
1 .3
78
(a) Relisting analytical data report (Reference 3).
(b) Rellatino analytical data report (Reference 4).
(c) Characterization Report for Dow Chemical Company. Freeport, TX (Reference 1).
(d) Relisting analytical data report (Refaranca 2).
Not analyzed.
NO Not detected above the detection
limit; detection limit not reported.
* Although quantltated at 108%. this value Is estimated to range from 75-100%. based on discussions with laboratory personnel.
Variability In this value Is due to the quantity of this constituent In the sample and the dilution factor of 10.000.000 used
to analyze this constituent within the calibration range of the Instrument.
•This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
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Table 2-1 (Continued)
AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K028
N>
Source of Data i
BOAT LIST METALS (TCLP)
154. Antimony
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
159. Chromium, total
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
OTHER PARAMETERS
Free Liquid (* by volume)
Flash Point (°F)
Density (g/ml)
Total Sol Ida (V)
A»h Content (*)
Oil and Grease (mg/kg)
Total Halogena (mg/1)
Heating Value (BTU/lb)
Viscosity (centlatokes)
Untreated Waste Concentration
1*1
(ppm)
— --
___
...
• •**
---
ikl l£l
(ppm) (ppm)
0.134
2.13
0.0049
1.33
4.21
1.17
0.0012
4.63
0.353
5.43
88**
<77
1.2**
• ••* 25.7
44.6
33.500+
551.000
6.685
0.891
(d) Ranae
(ppm) (ppm)
0.134
, 2.13
0.0049
1.33
4.21
1.17
0.0012
4.63
0.353
5.43
88**
<77
1.2**
• *** 0.08-100**
4.6
33.500+
551.000
5.685
0.891
(a) Relisting analytical data report (Reference 3).
(b) Relisting analytical data report (Reference 4).
(c) Characterization Report for DOM Chemical Company. Freeport. TX (Reference 1).
(d) Relisting analytical data report (Reference 2).
Not analyzed.
NO Not detected above the detection
limit; detection limit not reported.
* Although quantltated at 108%. this value is estimated to range from 75-100%. based on discussions with laboratory personnel.
Variability In this value is due to the quantity of this constituent in the sample and the dilution factor of 10.000.000 used
to analyze this constituent within the calibration range of the Instrument.
** This value should be considered approximate due to the problems associated with rapid sample drying.
*** Measured on a dry basts.
+ Liquid sample analyzed and treated as a solid. Results are reported on a wet as received basis.
• This Information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
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Table 2-1 (Continued)
AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K028
Source of Oatai
OTHER PARAMETERS (Continued)
Chloride Content (me/kg)
Carbon Content (%)
Biological Oxygen Demand dag/I)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l)
Water Solubility
Manganese (ppm)
Sodium (ppm)
Silicon (ppm)
Untreated Waste Concentrat1 on
28.900+
19. I
2.930++
281.000
Insoluble
472
36
29
28.900+
19. 1
2.930++
281.000
Insoluble
472
36
29
N>
I
00
(a) Relisting analytical data report (Reference 3).
(b) Relisting analytical data report (Reference 4).
(c) Characterization Report for Dow Chemical Company,
(d) Relisting analytical data report (Reference 2).
Freeport, TX (Reference 1).
Not analyzed.
ND Not detected above the detection limit; detection limit not reported.
• Although quantttated at 108%. this value Is estimated to range from 75-100%. based on discussions with laboratory personnel.
Variability In this value Is due to the quantity of this constituent In the sample and the dilution factor of 10.000.00O used
to analyze this constituent within the calibration range of the Instrument.
•* This value should be considered approximate due to the problems associated with rapid sample drying.
**• Measured on a dry basis.
+ Liquid sample analyzed and treated as a solid. Results are reported on a wet as received basis.
++ Result is probably biased low due to th» suspected sample toxlclty towards the BOD seed.
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Table 2-2
AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K095
Untreated waste Concentration
Source of Data: (a)
BOAT LIST QRGANICS
This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemalcing.
(a) Relisting analytical data report (Reference 2).
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Table 2-3
AVAILABLE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR K096
Untreated Waste Concentration
Source of Data:
BOAT LIST ORGANICS
This information has been claimed as RCRA Confidential Business Information.
The information is available in the confidential portion of the
Administrative Record for this rulemaking.
(a) Relisting analytical data report (Reference 3).
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3.0 APPLICABLE AND DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
Available characterization data for K028, K095, and K096 were
presented in Section 2.0 of this document. (No data are available for K029.)
This section identifies the treatment technologies that are applicable to
these wastes and determines which, if any, of the applicable technologies can
be considered demonstrated for the purpose of establishing BDAT.
To be applicable, a technology must be usable to treat the waste in
question or to treat a waste that is similar in terms of parameters that
affect treatment selection. Detailed descriptions of technologies that are
demonstrated for listed hazardous wastes are presented in EPA's Treatment
Technology Background DQCVUMnt To be demonstrated, the technology must be
employed in full-scale operation for the treatment of the waste in question or
a similar waste. Technologies available only at pilot- and bench-scale opera-
tions are not considered in identifying demonstrated technologies.
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
Sine* K028 nonwastewaters contain high concentrations of organic
compounds (a» shown in Section 2.0), applicable treatment technologies include
those that destroy or reduce the total amount of various organic compounds in
the waste. The Agency has identified the following treatment technologies as
applicable for K028 nonvastewaters: incineration (fluidized bed and rotary
kiln) followed by stabilization of incinerator ash and chemical precipitation
CBI-21.1 3-1
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and filtration of scrubber water; solvent extraction followed by incineration
- •£-!
or recycle of the extract; and critical fluid extraction followed by incinera-
tion of the contaminated solvents. Total recycle or reuse has been identified
as an applicable treatment technology for K095 and K096 nonwastewaters. These
treatment technologies were identified based on current waste treatment
practices and engineering judgment. Since K09S wastewaters, K096 wastewaters,
and K029 are not currently generated, the Agency has not identified applicable
treatment technologies for these wastes.
The Agency recognizes that wastevater forms of K028 may also be
generated from treatment technologies other than incineration. Since K028
wastewaters may contain hazardous organic constituents at treatable levels,
applicable technologies include those that destroy or reduce the total amount
of various organic compounds in the waste. Therefore, the Agency has identi-
fied the the following treatment technologies as potentially applicable for
treatment of wastewater forms of K028: biological treatment, carbon
adsorption, and solvent extraction.
Incineration. Incineration is a destruction technology in which
energy, in the form of heat, is transferred to the waste to destabilize
chemical bond* and destroy hazardous organic constituents. In a fluidized bed
incinerator, waste is injected into the fluidized bed material (generally
sand), where it is heated to its ignition temperature. Heat energy from the
combustion reactions is then transferred back to the fluidized bed. In a
rotary kiln incinerator, wastes are fed into the elevated end of the kiln; and
CBI-21.2 3-2
-------
the rotation of the kiln mixes the waste with hot gases to heat the waste to
its ignition temperature. Ash is removed from the lower end of the kiln.
Combustion gases from the kiln enter the afterburner for complete destruction
of waste constituents. Other wastes may also be injected into the after-
burner. Combustion gases from the afterburner are then fed to a scrubber
system for cooling and removal of entrained particulate and acid gases, if
present. In general, two residuals are generated by incineration processes:
ash and scrubber water. Metals and other inorganic constituents in incin-
erator ash and scrubber water can be treated vising stabilization, and chemical
precipitation and filtration, respectively.
Stabilization. Stabilization refers to a broad class of treatment
processes that physically or chemically reduce the mobility of hazardous
constituents in a waste by binding these constituents into a solid material
that is resistant to leaching.
Chemical Precipitation and Filtration. Chemical precipitation and
filtration are separation technologies in which metals are precipitated and
removed from wastewaters. These technologies result in the formation of two
treatment residuals: the treated wastewater and the precipitate. The precip-
itate may require further treatment by stabilization.
Solvent Extraction. Solvent extraction is a separation technology
in which organics are removed from the waste due to greater constituent
solubility in the solvent phase than in the waste phase. This technology
CBI-21.3 3-3
-------
results in the formation of two treatment residuals: the treated waste
residual and the extract. The extract may be recycled or treated further by
incineration.
Critical Fluid Extraction. Critical fluid extraction is a solvent
extraction technology in which the solvent is brought to its critical state to
aid in the extraction of hazardous organic constituents from the wastes.
After the extraction step, the solvent (liquified gas at critical state) is
brought back to its normal condition in the gaseous state, and thus leaves a
small volume of concentrated hazardous waste that is further treated by
incineration.
Total Recycle or Reuse. Total recycle or reuse of a waste in the
same process or another process eliminates the generation of the waste and
generates no treatment residuals.
Biological Treatment. Biological treatment is a destruction tech-
nology by which hazardous organic constituents in wastewaters are biodegraded.
This technology results in the formation of two treatment residuals: the
treated effluent and waste biosludge. The waste biosludge may require further
treatment for metals by stabilization.
Carbon Adsorption. Carbon adsorption is a separation technology by
which hazardous organic constituents in wastewaters are selectively adsorbed
onto activated carbon. This technology results in the formation of two
CBI-21.4 3-4
-------
treatment residuals: the treated effluent and spent activated carbon. The
spent carbon may require further treatment by incineration.
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
Incineration is the demonstrated technology the Agency has identi-
fied for treatment of K028 nonwastewaters, including rotary kiln incineration
and fluidized bed incineration. Rotary kiln incineration is demonstrated on a
full-scale operational basis for treatment of K028 at two facilities. In
addition, fluidized bed incineration is demonstrated on a full-scale basis for
treatment of K028 at one facility. The Agency does not have treatment
performance data for incineration of K028. However, for the BOAT program, the
Agency tested rotary kiln incineration and fluidized bed incineration for
other similar wastes as discussed in Section 4.1.
The Agency is not aware of any facilities that treat ash from
incineration of K028 by stabilization or by any other technology. However,
stabilization is demonstrated on wastes judged to be similar. The Agency
evaluated stabilization of incinerator ash from treatment of two wastes using
a pilot-scale stabilization process as discussed in Section 4.0 of this
document. The Agency is not aware of any facilities that treat K028 or wastes
judged to be similar on a full-scale operational basis using solvent extrac-
tion or critical fluid extraction; therefore, EPA believes that solvent
CBI-21.5 3-5
-------
extraction and critical fluid extraction are not currently demonstrated for
K028.
The Agency is not aware of any facilities that treat wastewater
forms of K028. However, chemical precipitation sludge dewatering are demon-
strated for wastewaters judged to be similar to scrubber water generated from
the incineration of K028. The Agency tested lime and sulfide precipitation
and vacuum filtration for a waste mixture at one facility as discussed in
Section 4.0 of this document.
The demonstrated technology the Agency has identified for treatment
of K095 and K096 nonwastewaters is total recycle or reuse.
K095 generated at one facility is reused directly as feed stock in
another chlorinated hydrocarbon production unit. K096 generated at one
facility is either used as feed stock for a perchloroethylene/trichloro-
ethylene process or fed into a hydrochloric acid production furnace.
Since K029 is not currently generated, the Agency has not identified
demonstrated treatment technologies for this waste. Demonstrated technologies
for K095 and K096 wastewaters have not been identified.
CBI-21.6 3-6
-------
4.0 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA BASE
The Agency does not have any performance data for treatment of K028,
K029, K095, or K096. Total recycle or reuse, the demonstrated technology
identified for K095 and K096 nonwastewaters, does not result in the generation
of a treatment residual. Therefore, numerical treatment standards developed
based on treatment performance data are not applicable for K095 and K096
nonwastewaters. Since K095 wastewaters, K096 wastewaters, and K029 are not
currently generated, numerical treatment standards for these wastes is also
not applicable. For K028 nonwastewaters and wastewaters, treatment per-
formance data were transferred from other previously-tested wastes to develop
treatment standards. The basis for data transfer and the sources of treatment
performance data are discussed below.
EFA's methodology for the transfer of treatment standards is includ-
ed in a document entitled Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards.
Transfer of treatment performance data is technically valid in cases where the
untested wastes are generated from similar industries or similar processing
steps, or have similar waste characteristics affecting treatment performance
and treatment selection as the untested wastes. The basis of identifying
applicable treatment technologies, presented in Section 3.0, is the particular
parameters of the waste that will affect treatment selection. Wastes with
similar waste characteristics are amenable to treatment by the same tech-
nology. Sources of treatment performance data for potential transfer to K028
include those wastes previously tested by rotary kiln or fluidized bed
CBI-21.1 4-1
-------
incineration, followed by lime and flyash stabilization of incinerator ash,
and lime and sulfide precipitation followed by vacuum filtration of scrubber
water. (These technologies were identified as applicable and demonstrated for
treatment of K028 in Section 3.0.)
4.1 Treatment of Organic Constituents
Incineration. Wastes previously tested by the Agency by rotary kiln
or fluidized bed incineration include: K001, K019, K024, K037, K086, K087,
K101, K102, F024, K048, and K051. EPA examined this list of wastes to iden-
tify the best data source(s), if any, for transfer of treatment data to K028.
Specifically, EPA examined whether the untested wastes are generated from
similar industries or processing steps and whether the wastes have similar
waste characteristics affecting treatment performance.
F024, like K028, is generated by the chlorinated chemicals industry
by separation steps from the product stream.
As discussed in the Treatment Technology Background Po?ym,en.£, waste
characteristics that affect treatment performance for rotary kiln and fluid-
ized bed incineration include the thermal conductivity of the waste and the
boiling points and bond dissociation energies of the constituents of concern.
(Boiling points and bond dissociation energies for the constituents of concern
for each waste are included in Appendix B.) K028 contains high concentrations
of iron (as ferric chloride catalyst) and is therefore expected to have a
CBI-21.2 4-2
-------
higher thermal conductivity than F024. The K028 waste constituents are also,
in general, more volatile (i.e., have low boiling points) and have lower bond
dissociation energies than waste constituents in F024. Therefore, based on
thermal conductivity, boiling points, and bond dissociation energies, K028 is
easier to treat than F024.
Based on these similarities, treatment standards for organic con-
stituents in K028 nonwastewaters and wastewaters were developed from treatment
performance data transferred from rotary kiln incineration of F024 at Plant A.
Four different types of F024 wastes, two liquids and two solids, were treated
at Plant A. The solid F024 wastes and waste biological sludge were fed to the
rotary kiln, and the liquid F024 wastes, a waste organic liquid, and
combustion gases from the kiln were fed to the afterburner. Therefore, ash
generated from the rotary kiln represents treatment of the nonwastewaters
only, while the scrubber water represents treatment of all the wastes fed to
the incinerator. Table 4-1 (following this section) presents the BOAT List
constituents that were detected in the untreated waste streams during rotary
kiln incineration of F024 from plants E, F, G, and H, as well as waste
biological sludge and an organic liquid that were burned with F024. Table 4-2
presents the BOAT List constituents detected in the kiln ash residual, and
Table 4-3 presents the BOAT List constituents detected in the scrubber water
residual. Tables 4-4 and 4-5 present design and operating data for the rotary
kiln and the secondary combustor, respectively.
CBI-21.3 4-3
-------
4.2 treatment of Inorganic Constituents
Stabilization. EPA presented data for stabilization of metals in
nonwastewaters in the California List Notice of Data Availability (52 Federal
Register 29992, August 12, 1987). The Agency also has data for pilot-scale
stabilization at Plant C of incinerator ash generated from fluidized bed
incineration of K048 and K051 at Plant B. EPA screened these data to deter-
mine whether any wastes are generated from similar industries or similar
processing steps or have similar waste characteristics as expected for ash
generated from the incineration of K028. Lime and flyash stabilization of ash
from the incineration of K048 and K051 wastes is the best source of data for
transfer to stabilization of ash from the incineration of K028, since both
wastes are ash generated from incineration of organic waste streams containing
similar concentrations of metal constituents.
EPA then examined the relative treatability expected for ash gener-
ated from incineration of K028 and ash generated from incineration of K048 and
K051. As discussed in Section 3.0, waste characteristics that affect treat-
ment performance for stabilization include the presence of fine particulates,
oil and grease, organic compounds, and inorganic compounds. Since both wastes
(K028 and K048/K051) are incinerator ashes, oil and grease content and the
presence of organic constituents are not considered to be significant. Both
wastes are also expected to be similar in particle size. Ash for incineration
of both wastes are expected to contain mixtures of various inorganic salts and
metals and are expected to be equally amenable to treatment by stabilization.
CBI-21.4 4-4
-------
Based on these analyses, EPA has transferred treatment performance data from
stabilization of K048 and K051 nonwastewaters to K028 nonwastewaters.
Treatment performance data for lime and flyash stabilization of ash from
fluidized bed incineration of K048 and K051 are included in Table 4-6.
Lime and Sulfide Precipitation and Vacuum Filtration. EPA's data-
base for chemical precipitation in wastewaters is included in the California
List Notice of Data Availability (52 Federal Register 29992, August 12, 1987).
EPA screened these data to determine whether any wastes were generated from
similar industries or similar processing steps or had similar waste charac-
teristics as expected for scrubber water generated from the incineration of
K028. Based on the K028 waste characterization data included in Section 2.0,
the constituents of concern are cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel. Both
K062 mixed with other metal-bearing characteristic wastes treated at Plant D
and K028 scrubber water are wastewaters containing the constituents of concern
at similar concentrations.
EPA then examined the relative treatability of K028 scrubber water
and K062 wastewaters. As discussed in Section 3.0, waste characteristics that
affect treatment performance for chemical precipitation include the concentra-
tions and type of metals in the waste, the concentration of dissolved solids,
the content of oil and grease, and whether the metal exists in the wastewater
as a complex. As discussed above, both wastes are expected to contain the
constituents of concern. Suspended solids, dissolved solids, and complexed
metals are not considered to be significant parameters in either waste. Since
CBI-21.5 4-5
-------
K028 scrubber water is generated from incineration, oil and grease is not
considered to be significant. However, K062 wastewaters contain oil and
grease and may therefore be more difficult to treat than K028 scrubber water.
Based on these analyses, transfer of performance data from K062
wastewaters to K028 wastewaters is valid. Treatment performance data for lime
and sulfide precipitation followed by filtration from K062 and other
metal-bearing wastes are included in Table 4-7.
CBI-21.6 4-6
-------
Table 4-1
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR F024 FROM
PLANTS E, F, G, AND H AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY
ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
Concentration in Untreated
Wastes Fed to the Rotary Kiln*
BOAT List Constituent
222. Acetone
10. 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
14. Chloroform
16. 3-Chloropropene
20. trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
26. 1,2-Dichloropropane
27. trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
28. cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
38. Methylene chloride
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
49. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
59. Benz(a)anthracene
62. Benzo(a)pyrene
63. Benzo(b)fluoranthene
64. Benzo(ghi)perylene
Plant G
(ppm)
<0.05
<0.5
<0.025
<0.5
<0.5
<0.25
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.05
ND
0.3
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
0.89
0.6
0.72
0.42
Plant H
(ppm)
<500
<5,000
<250
<5,000
<5,000
11,000
<250
<250
<250
<250
<250
<250
<250
<250
860
<250
ND
<0.351
ND
ND
Sludge
(ppm)
<500
<5,000
<250
<5,000
<5,000
<250
<250
<250
<250
<500
<250
ND
<250
<250
<250
<2,500
<134
<134
<134
<134
Concentration in Untreated Wastes
Fed to the Secondary Combustor*
Plant E
(ppm)
21,000
139,721
< 1,000
<20,000
2,112
< 1,000
< 1,000
< 1,000
< 1,000
2,200
< 1,000
< 1,000
< 1,000
< 1,000
< 1,000
< 1,000
<172
<172
<172
<172
Plant F Organic Liquid
(ppm)
<20,000
< 200, 000
<10,000
285,486
< 200, 000
<10,000
230,000
290,000
160, 009
<20,000
<10,000
<10,000
<10,000
<10,000
<10,000
9,712
<189
<189
<189
<189
(ppm)
<29000
<20,000
< 1,000
<20,000
<20,000
26,068
< 1,000
< 1,000
< 1,000
<2,000
1,884
1,838
25,930
1,214
< 1,000
< 1,000
<196
<196
<196
<196
ND - Not detected; detection limit not available.
*F024 from Plants E and F were liquids; F024 from Plants G and H were sludges.
Source: ENSCO Onsite Engineering Report (Reference 6).
NOTE: The variation in detection limits was caused by the variation in the waste matrices.
rRT/rm
-------
Table 4-1 (Continued)
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR F024 FROM
PLANTS E, F, G, AND H AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY
ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
Concentration in Untreated
Wastes Fed to the Rotary Kiln*
oo
BOAT List Constituent
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
80. Chrysene
87. 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
88. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
89. 3,3-Dichlorobenzidine
92. Diethyl phthaiate
110. Hexachlorobenzene
113. Hexachloroethane
116. Indenod,2,3-cd)pyrene
121. Naphthalene
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
160. Copper
Plant G
(own)
0.87
<0.351
7.6
1.1
<0.351
<0.351
<1.76
0.05
2.1
0.44
0.41
ND
1.27
<0.351
<0.351
<1.0
34
3.1
285
45
Plant H
(ppm)
<0.351
32.4
0.58
0.41
<0.351
2.08
<1.76
<0.351
0.63
<0.351
<0.351
ND
0.90
<0.351
<0.351
2.0
6.8
<0.4
57
800
Sludge
(DDm)
<134
<134
<134
<134
<134
<134
<266
15.45
<134
<134
<134
1,500
ND
<134
<134
<1.0
35
3.1
294
46
Concentration in Untreated Wastes
Fed to the Secondary Combustor*
Plant E
(ppm)
<172
<172
<172
<172
<172
<172
<860
<172
<172
<172
<172
<172
<172
<172
<172
<1.0
0.27
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
Plant F
(ppm)
<189
<189
<189
<189
<189
<189
<945
<189
<189
<189
<189
<189
<189
<189
<189
<1.0
0.30
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
Organic Liquid
(ppm)
<196
<196
<196
<196
302
<196
915
<196
<196
<196
<196
<196
<196
1,842
279
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND - Not detected; detection limit not available.
*F024 from Plants E and F were liquids; F024 from Plants G and H were sludges.
Source: ENSCO Onsite Engineering Report (Reference 6).
NOTE: The variation in detection limits was caused by the variation in the waste matrices.
-------
Table 4-1 (Continued)
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR F024 FROM
PLANTS E, F, G, AND H AND OTHER WASTES TREATED BY
ROTARY KILN INCINERATION
Concentration in Untreated
Wastes Fed to the Rotary Kiln*
BDAT
161.
162.
163.
165.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
207.
208.
209.
210.
212.
List Constituent
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Silver
Vanadium
Zinc
Cyanide
Fluoride
Sulfide
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
Pentachlorod ibenzo-p-d ioxins
Pentachlorod ibenzofurans
Tetrachlorod ibenzofurans
Plant G
(ppm)
9.0
0.19
318
<0.4
1.0
443
<0.49
1.08
<4.8
0.01
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
Plant H
(ppm)
3.8
<0.1
636
<0.4
1.3
92
2.92
10.5
<4.6
0.002
0.05
0.0003
0.03
0.01
Sludge
(ppm)
10
0.28
333
0.56
1.4
455
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Concentration in Untreated Wastes
Fed to the Secondary Combustor*
Plant E
(ppm)
<0.5
<0.1
<0.9
<0.4
<0.3
1.6
<0.43
<0.99
9.1
<1.4x10"6
<7.1x10~J
< 1.4x10'°
<5.1x10";
<1.6x10'7
Plant F Organic Liquid
(ppm)
<0.5
<0.1
<0.9
<0.4
<0.3
0.73
<0.44
<1.00
7.8
<5. 3x10-J
<2.7x10'.J
<5.0x10~J
<2.0x10~J
< 1.6x10"'
(ppm)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA - Not analyzed.
ND - Not detected; detection limit not available.
•F024 from Plants E and F were liquids; F024 from Plants G and H were sludges.
Source: ENSCO Onsite Engineering Report (Reference 6).
NOTE: The variation in detection limits was caused by the variation in the waste matrices.
-------
Table 4-2
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FROM
ROTARY KILN INCINERATION OF F024 FROM PLANTS E, F, G, AND H
KILN ASH RESIDUAL
Concentration in Kiln Ash - Total Composition (mg/kg)
BDAT List
Constituent
21.
92.
170.
Dichlorodi-
fluorome thane*
Di ethyl
phthalate**
Fluoride
Sample Set
11
0.71
0.67
NA
Sample Set
12
1.40
0.67
NA
Sample Set Sample Set
13 14
1.50
0.67
2.11
Concentration
f 154.
S 155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
167.
168.
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Vanadium
Zinc
0.062
0.079
1.64
<0.001
< 0.004
< 0.004
0.026
<0.032
0.0002
0.24
0.005
0.060
<0.029
<0.01
1.67
0.002
0.037
0.28
6.48
1.2
<0.0002
3.08
0.004
1.84
<0.029
<0.01
1.94
0.001
0.033
0.29
5.37
29.3
<0.0002
3.68
<0.003
1.90
1.60
0.60
NA
in Kiln Ash
<0.029
<0.01
1.78
0.002
0.028
0.31
4.57
22.0
0.0003
4.45
0.008
1.61
Sample Set Sample Set Range
15 16 (mg/kg)
1.70
0.45
NA
- TCLP (mg/1)
0.042
<0.01
1.64
0.002
0.016
0.32
4.54
21.6
<0.0002
4.78
<0.003
1.56
1.40
1.14
NA
0.030
<0.01
1.56
0.001
0.027
0.13
4.80
1.25
<0.0002
5.32
0.005
2.78
0.71-1.70
0.45-1.14
2.11
Range (mg/1)
< 0.029-0. 062
<0. 01-0. 079
1.56-1.94
<0. 001-0. 002
<0. 004-0. 037
<0. 004-0. 32
0.026-6.48
< 0.032-29. 3
< 0.0002 -0.0003
0.24-5.32
< 0.003-0. 008
< 0.060-2. 78
NA - Not analyzed.
*This constituent was also detected in the laboratory blank at 0.27
**This constituent was also detected in the laboratory blank at 0.51 ppm.
Source: ENSCO Onsite Engineering Report (Reference 6).
-------
Table 4-3
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FROM
ROTARY KILN INCINERATION OF F024 FROM PLANTS E, F, G, AND H
SCRUBBER WATER RESIDUAL
Concentration in Scrubber Water - Total Composition (mg/1)
BDAT
List Sample Set
Constituent
6.
12.
15.
21.
50.
92.
151.
155.
156.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
161.
165.
167.
168.
170.
207.
208.
209.
210.
212.
Bromomethane
Chloroethane
Chlorone thane
Dichlorodi fluorome thane
Vinyl chloride
Diethyl phthalate
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Vanadium
Zinc
Fluoride
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
PentachlorodibenzoAirans
Tetrachlorod ibenzofurans
11
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
ND
11.3
0.48
33.5
6.62
27.6
175
361
0.31
13.7
3.08
10.9
1.05
160
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sample Set
12
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
ND
12.3
<0.2
18.3
6.17
32.1
190
401
0.20
16.5
1.09
10.7
1.72
162
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sample Set Sample Set
13
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.29*
<0.01
ND
9.27
0.58
21.7
6.95
15.1
107
433
0.45
14.2
<2.5
10.1
0.37
174
153
<7.2x10"6
0.0003 ,
<5.6x10~b
0.0001
9.6x10"°
14
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.36»
<0.01
ND
10.8
0.51
38.4
6.63
33.1
209
358
0.29
17.3
<2.5
9.45
1.84
179
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sample Set
15
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.40«
<0.01
0.057
7.94
<0.1
27.0
2.90
24.4
144
386
0.42
14.2
<5.0
7.12
1.52
128
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sample Set
16
0.032
; 0.031
0.020
0.44*
0.026
ND
8.72
<0.5
26.8
4.81
24.8
158
371
0.34
13.4
<0.5
5.38
0.97
137
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA - Not analyzed.
ND - Not detected; detection limit not available.
nU af r\ O'J nnm
-------
Table 4-4
DESIGN AND OPERATING DATA FOR THE ROTARY KILN AND SECONDARY COMBUSTOR FOR SAMPLE SETS 1 THROUGH 6
Time of Data Collection
.p-
Parameter (units)
Kiln Outlet Temperature
Rotary Kiln
Solid Waste Feed Ratea
(Ibs/minute)
Kiln Rotational Speedb
(RPM)
BTU Loading - Rotary
Kiln (HMBTU/hour)
Secondary Combustor
Temperature
Sample Set
11
Design (11:20 am)
Value (11:45 am)
1,000-1,700 1,391
1,255
NS 32
32
0.2-0.6 0.45
0.45
11 15
15
1,800-2,200 2,025
2,021
NS 18.2
27.7
19 9.5
14
Sample Set
12
(12:15 pm)
(12:45 pm)
1,393
1,405
32
32
0.45
0.45
15
15
2,056
2,142
29.2
27.7
15
14
Sample Set
13
(1:15 pm)
(1:45 pm)
1,360
1,604
32
32
0.45
0.45
15
15
2,132
1,990
29.4
32.3
15
17
Sample Set
14
(2:15 pm)
(2:45 pm)
1,425
1,413
32
32
0.25
0.45
15
15
2,093
2,119
25.9
25.6
14
13
Sample Set Sample Set
15 16
(3:15 pm) (4:15 pm)
(3:45 pm) (4:45 pm)
1,452
1,450 ...
32
32
0.23
0.27
15
15
2,123
2,126
29.6
15
13
1,207
1,551
32
32
0.27
0.1
15
15
2,006
1,877
13.4
7.0
0.6
Secondary Combustor
Liquid Wastec Feed Rate
(Ibs/minute)
BTU Loading-Rotary Kiln
(KH BTU/ hour)
a This waste represents F024 from plants G and H and sludge that were treated by the rotary kiln incineration
system.
The kiln rotational speed was decreased during the run to allow for a longer residence time of the kiln solids
and to lower the temperature of the waste heat boiler.
c This represents F024 from plants E and F and the organic liquid that were treated by the rotary kiln incineration
system.
NS - Not specified.
Note: Kiln solids residence time is estimated to be 30-60 minutes. Secondary combustor residence time is estimated
to be greater than 2 seconds. Both estimates are based on discussions with plant personnel.
-------
Table 4-5
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K048 AND K051,
PLANT C - LIME AND FLYASH STABILIZATION OF INCINERATOR ASH
Detected
BOAT List Metal
Constituents
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
221.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Chromium (hexavalent)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Untreated Waste
Concentration in
TCLP Extracts
of K048 and
K051 Inciner-
tor ash
0.06-0.09
0.008-0.025
0.17-0.25
0.001
<0.003
2.1-2.6
NA
0.02
<0.05
0.0002-0.0003
0.02-0.03
0.033-0.12
<0 . 009
NA
2.5-3.6
0.055-0.11
Treated Waste
Concentration
in TCLP Extracts
of Stabilized Fluidized
Bed Incinerator Ash
Run 1 Run 2 Run 3
mg/L mg/L mg/L
(ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
<0.163 <0.163 <0.163
<0.004 <0.004 0.006
0.558 0.524 0.599
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001
<0.003 <0.003 <0.003
1.13 1.21 1.08
0.331 0.259 0.071
<0.003 <0.003 0.006
<0.006 <0.006 <0.006
NA NA NA
<0.018 <0.018 <0.018
0.013 0.016 0.017
<0.006 <0.006 <0.006
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001
0.148 0.149 0.156
0.02 0.022 0.052
NA - Not analyzed.
NP - Not applicable.
CBI-22
1205-01.nrj.1
4-13
-------
Table 4-5 (Continued)
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K048 AND K051,
PLANT C - LIME AND FLYASH STABILIZATION OF INCINERATOR ASH
Lime and Flvash Stabilization Process
Design and Operating Parameters
Binder to Ash Ratio
Lime to Ash Ratio
Flyash to Ash Ratio
Water to Ash Ratio
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Mixture pH
Cure Time (Days)
Unconfined Compressive Strength
(Ib/in )
Run 1
NP
0.2
0.2
0.5
19
12.0
28
565.8
Run 2
NP
0.2
0.2
0.5
19
12.1
28
512.6
Run 3
NP
0.2
0.2
0.5
19
12.1
28
578.8
NA - Not analyzed.
NP - Not applicable.
Source: Waterways Onsite Engineering Report (Reference 7).
CBI-22
1205-01.nrj.2
4-14
-------
Table 4-6
TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA COLLECTED BY EPA FOR K062,
PLANT D - LIHE AND SULFIDE PRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY VACUUM FILTRATION*
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
221 .
159.
160.
161.
162.
,>. 163.
I 164.
£ 165.
166.
168.
Sample Set »8
Detected BOAT Untreated K062
List Metal Concentration
Constituents (ppm)
Ant Imony
Arsenic
Bar turn
Beryl 1 ium
Cadmium
Chromium (haxavalant)
Chromium (total)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Se 1 an 1 um
Silver
Thai Hum
Zinc
< 10
< I
< \ Q
<2
<5
0.13
831
217
212
<1
669
< 10
<2
<10
151
Treated K062
Wastewatar
Concentration
(ppm)
<,
<0
<1
<0
<0
<0
0
0
<0
<0
0
< 1
<0
-------
5.0 IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AND AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
This section presents the Agency's rationale for the determination
of rotary kiln incineration followed by lime and flyash stabilization of
incinerator ash, and lime and sulfide precipitation and vacuum filtration of
scrubber water as the best demonstrated and available technology (BDAT) for
K028; and the determination of total recycle or reuse as BDAT for K095 and
K096 nonwastewaters. Since K095 and K096 wastewaters are not currently
generated, and since the Agency is not proposing standards for these wastes at
this time, BDAT for these wastes has not been determined. Since the Agency is
proposing a standard of "No Land Disposal Based on No Generation" for K029,
BDAT for this waste is not necessary.
As discussed in Section 3.0, the Agency has identified incineration,
stabilization, and chemical precipitation and filtration as demonstrated
technologies to be considered for BDAT for K028, and total recycle and reuse
to be considered for BDAT for K095 and K096 nonwastewaters. In the absence of
treatment performance data for K028, treatment performance data was
transferred to K028 as discussed in Section 4.0.
For a treatment technology to be identified as BDAT, the performance
data are first screened to determine whether they represented operation of a
well-designed and well-operated treatment system, whether sufficient analyti-
cal quality assurance/quality control measures were employed to ensure the
CB1-21 5-1
-------
accuracy of the data, and whether the appropriate measure of performance was
used to assess the performance of the particular treatment technology.
The treatment performance data and the design and operating data
collected during the test on the rotary kiln incineration of F024 at plant A,
stabilization of K048 and K051 incinerator ash at plant C, and chemical
precipitation followed by vacuum filtration at plant D were reviewed for the
points described above. The appropriate measure of performance (i.e., total
constituent concentration for incineration and chemical precipitation, and
TCLP for stabilization) was used to assess the treatment systems.
Additionally, the Agency had no reason to believe that the treatment systems
at plants A, C, and D were not well-designed and well-operated, or that
insufficient analytical quality assurance/quality control measures were
employed in generating treatment performance data.
An available treatment technology is one that (1) is not a proprie-
tary or patented process that cannot be purchased or licensed from the propri-
etor (in other words, it must be commercially available), and (2) substan-
tially diminishes the toxicity of the waste or substantially reduces the
likelihood of migration of hazardous constituents from the waste. The demon-
strated technologies for treatment of K028, incineration (rotary kiln and
fluidized bed incineration), stabilization, and chemical precipitation
followed by vacuum filtration are considered to be commercially available.
Total recycle and reuse, the demonstrated technologies for K095 and K096, are
CBI-21 5-2
-------
also considered to be commercially available. These data were considered in
the determination of B0AT for K028.
In cases where the Agency has treatment data for a waste for more
than one technology, EPA uses the statistical method known as the analysis of
variance, ANOVA (discussed in Reference 16), to determine if one technology
performs significantly better than the rest. For K028, the Agency has treat-
ment data for only one treatment system, and therefore an ANOVA comparison is
not appropriate.
BOAT for K028 is rotary kiln incineration followed by lime and
flyash stabilization of the ash; and lime and sulfide precipitation and vacuum
filtration of the scrubber water. For K095 and K096 nonwastewaters, BOAT is
total recycle or reuse based on current industrial practices.
CBI-21 5-3
-------
6.0 SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
This section presents the methodology and rationale for selection of
the proposed regulated constituents in wastewater and nonwastewater forms of
K028. Since numerical treatment standards are currently not being proposed
for K029, K095, and K096, these wastes will not be discussed in this section.
Generally, constituents selected must satisfy the following
criteria:
1. They must be on the BOAT List of constituents. (Presence on
the BOAT List means that approved methods exist for analyzing
the constituent in treated waste matrices.)
2. They must be present in or be suspected of being present in the
untreated waste. For example, analytical difficulties may
prevent a constituent from being identified in the untreated
waste, but its identification in a treatment residual may lead
the Agency to conclude that it is present in the untreated
waste.
3. Where treatment performance data are transferred, the selected
constituents must be as easy or easier to treat than the
constituents from which performance data are transferred.
Factors used to assess ease of treatment vary according to the
technology of concern. For example, for incineration, the
factors include bond dissociation energy, thermal conductivity,
and boiling point.
The Agency initially considered for regulation all constituents on
the BOAT List. Table 6-1 summarizes available waste characterization data for
K028 for the BOAT List constituents (as derived from Table 2-1). Ranges of
concentrations for constituents detected in the waste are shown in the table.
If an analysis for a constituent was performed but the constituent was not
detected in the waste, the table indicates "ND" for that constituent.
CBI-21 6-1
-------
Constituents for which no analysis was performed are identified by "NA" (not
analyzed). As discussed further below, a BOAT List constituent was deleted
from consideration for regulation if: (1) the constituent was not detected in
the untreated waste and is not suspected of being present in the waste because
of analytical masking; (2) the constituent was not analyzed in the untreated
waste; (3) detection limits or analytical results were not obtained for the
constituent due to analytical or accuracy problems; (4) available treatment
performance data for the constituent did not show effective treatment by BOAT;
or (5) other reasons as discussed in Section 6.1.
6.1 Constituents That Were Not Selected for Proposed Regulation
BOAT List Constituents That Were Not Detected in the Untreated
Waste. Constituents that were not detected in the untreated waste K028
(labeled "ND" in Table 6-1) were deleted from consideration for regulation.
Since detection limits vary depending upon the nature of the waste matrix
being analyzed, the detection limits determined in the characterization of
K028 are included in Appendix 0.
BOAT List Constituents That Were Not Analyzed in the Untreated
Waste. Some constituents on the BOAT List were deleted from consideration for
regulation because the untreated waste was not analyzed for these constituents
(labeled "NA" in Table 6-1). Some constituents such as organochlorine
pesticides, phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, organophosphorus insecticides,
CBI-21 6-2
-------
PCBs, and dioxins and furans were not analyzed for in the untreated waste
based on the judgment that it was extremely unlikely that the constituent
would be present in the waste.
Constituents for Which Analytical Results Were Not Obtained Due to
Analytical or Accuracy Problems Due to the Nature of Waste. Only one
constituent on the BOAT List, hexavalent chromium, was deleted from
consideration for regulation because of an analytical or accuracy problem
(labeled "A" in Table 6-1). The analysis for total constituent concentration
of hexavalent chromium could not be performed due to the oily nature of the
K028 sample. Since total chromium was analyzed in the K028 sample, this
analysis includes hexavalent chromium present in the sample, if any.
Hexavalent chromium was analyzed for but was not detected in the
TCLP extract of the K028 sample.
Constituents for Which Available Treatment Performance Data Did Not
Show Effective Treatment bv BOAT. BOAT List constituents that were present in
an untreated K028 but were not effectively treated by BOAT were deleted from
consideration for regulation. Accordingly, barium, detected in untreated
K028, was not considered further for regulation in wastewaters and
nonwastewaters because the BOAT technologies for K028 do not provide effective
treatment for this constituent. In addition, cadmium and lead were deleted
from consideration for regulation in nonwastewaters because the Agency's data
on stabilization of fluidized bed incinerator ash from incineration of K048
and K051 did not show effective treatment for these constituents.
CBI-21 6-3
-------
Constituents Deleted From Consideration for Regulation for Other
Reasons. Copper, vanadium, and zinc were considered for regulation in K028
wastewaters and nonwastewaters but were not selected as proposed regulated
constituents. Although copper cyanide, vanadium pentoxide, and zinc cyanide
are listed in Appendix VIII of 40 CFR Part 261, the metals are not listed
individually. In this Second-Thirds proposed rulemaking, the Agency is only
proposing to regulate copper, vanadium, and/or zinc when they are indicators
of performance of treatment for Appendix VIII constituents. For K028, these
metals (copper, vanadium, and zinc) have not been identified as indicators of
performance of treatment for other Appendix VIII constituents and are there-
fore not being proposed for regulation.
6.2 Constituents Selected for Proposed Regulation
All of the organic and metal constituents that were further consid-
ered for regulation in K028 nonwastewaters and wastewaters have been selected
for proposed regulation and are presented in Table 6-2.
CBI-21 6-4
-------
Table 6-1
UNTREATED K028 ANALYZED FOR BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
Detection
Status
(me/kg)
Volatiles
222. Acetone ND
1. Acetonitrlle ND
2. Acrolein ND
3. Acrylonitrile ND
4. Benzene ND
5. Bromodlchloromethane ND
6. Bromomethane ND
223. n-Butyl alcohol NA
7. Carbon tetrachloride ND
8. Carbon dtsulfide ND
9. Chlorobenzene ND
10. 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene ND
11. Chlorodibromomethane ND
12. Chloroethane ND
13. 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether ND
14. Chloroform ND
15. Chloromethane ND
16. 3-Chloropropene ND
17. 1,2-Dibroao-3-chloropropane ND
18. 1,2-Dibromoethane ND
19. Dlbromomethane ND
20. trans-l,4-Dichloro-2-butene ND
21. Dichlorodifluoromethane ND
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane 16,000-1,082,000*
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane ND
24. 1,1-Dichloroethylene ND
25. trans-l,2-Dichloroethene ND-1,700
26. 1,2-Dichloropropane ND
NA - Not analyzed.
ND - Not detected.
* • Although quantitated at 108%, this value is estimated to range from
75-100% based on discussions with laboratory personnel. Variability in
this value is due to the quantity of this constituent in the sample and
the dilution factor of 10,000,000 used to analyze this constituent
within the calibration range of the instrument.
CBI-21 6-5
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
UNTREATED K028 ANALYZED FOR BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
Volatiles (Continued)
27. trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
28. cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
29. 1,4-Dioxane
224. 2 -Ethoxyethanol
225. Ethyl acetate
226. Ethyl benzene
30. Ethyl cyanide
227. Ethyl ether
31. Ethyl methacrylate
214. Ethylene oxide
32. lodomethane
33. Isobutyl alcohol
37. Methacrylonitrile
228. Methanol
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
229. Methyl isobutyl ketone
35. Methyl methacrylate
38. Methylene chloride
230. 2-Nitropropane
39. Pyridine
40. 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
43. Toluene
44. Tribromome thane
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
47. Trichloroethen*
Detection
Status
(me/kg)
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND-200,000
ND-53,000
ND-6,500
ND
ND
ND-1,900
ND-300,000
ND
NA - Not analyzed.
ND - Not detected.
CBI-21
6-6
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
UNTREATED K028 ANALYZED FOR BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
Volatiles (Continued)
48. Trichloromonofluoromethane
49. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
231. 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
50. Vinyl chloride
215. 1,2-Xylene
216. 1,3-Xylene
217. 1,4-Xylene
Detection
Status
(me/kg)
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
Semivolatiles
51. Acenaphthalene
52. Acenaphthene
53. Acetophenone
54. 2-Acetylaminofluorene
55. 4-Aminobiphenyl
56. Aniline
57. Anthracene
58. Aramite
59. Benz(a)anthracene
218. Benzal chloride
60. Benzenethiol
62. Benzo(a)pyrene
63. Benzo(b)fluoranthene
64. Benzo(ghi)perylene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
66. p-Benzoquinone
67. Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
69. Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
71. 4-Bromopheny1 phenyl ether
72. Butyl benzyl phthalate
73. 2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA - Not analyzed.
ND - Not detected.
CBI-21
6-7
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
UNTREATED" K028 ANALYZED FOR BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
Semivolatiles (Continued)
74. p-Chloroaniline
75. Chlorobenzilate
76. p-Chloro-m-cresol
77. 2-Chloronaphthalene
78. 2-Chlorophenol
79. 3-Chloropropionitrile
80. Chrysene
81. ortho-Cresol
82. para-Cresol
232. Cyclohexanone
83. Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
84. Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
85. Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene
86. m-Dichlorobenzene
87. o-Dichlorobenzene
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
89. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
90. 2,4-Dichlorophenol
91. 2,6-Dichlorophenol
92. Diethyl phthalate
93. 3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine
94. p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
95. 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
96. 2,4-Dimethylphenol
97. Dimethyl phthalate
98. Di-n-butyl phthalate
99. 1,4-Dinitrobenzene
100. 4,6-Dinitro-o-creaol
101. 2,4-Dinitrophenol
102. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
103. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene
104. Di-n-octyl phthalate
105. Di-n-propylnitrosamine
Detection
Status
(me/kg)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA - Not analyzed.
ND - Not detected.
CBI-21
6-8
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
UNTREATED" K028 ANALYZED FOR BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
Semivolatiles (Continued)
106. Diphenylamine
219. Diphenylnitrosamine
107. 1,2-diphenylhydrazine
108. Fluoranthene
109. Fluorene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
112. Hexachlorocyclopencadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
114. Hexachlorophene
115. Hexachloropropene
116. Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
117. Isosafrole
118. Me thapyr i1ene
119. 3-Methylcholanthrene
120. 4,4'-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline)
36. Methyl methanesulfonate
121. Naphthalene
122. 1,4-Naphthoquinone
123. 1-Naphthylamine
124. 2-Naphthylamine
125. p-Nitroaniline
126. Nitrobenzene
127. 4-Nitrophenol
128. N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
129. N-Nitrosodiethylamine
130. N-Nitrosodimethylaaine
131. N-Nitrosomethylethylanine
132. N-Nitrosomorpholine
133. N-Nitroaopiperidine
134. N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
135. 5-Nitro-o-toluidine
136. Pentachlorobenzene
Detection
Status
(me/kg^
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-170
ND
ND-170
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND - Not detected.
CBI-21
6-9
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
UNTREATED" K028 ANALYZED FOR BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
Semivolatiles (Continued)
137. Pentachloroethane
138. Pentachloronitrobenzene
139. Pentachlorophenol
140. Phenacetin
141. Phenanthrene
142. Phenol
220. Phthalic anhydride
143. 2-Picoline
144. Pronamide
145. Pyrene
146. Resorcinol
147. Safrole
148. 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
149. 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
150. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
151. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
152. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
153. Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
Metals*
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
221. Chromium (hexavalent)
160. Copper
161. Lead
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
Detection
Status
(me/kg")
ND-6,900
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
17
ND
0.6
109
A
132
42
ND
70
*0nly one sample analyzed for metals.
NA - Not analyzed.
ND - Not detected.
A - Analysis could not be performed due to the oily nature of the sample.
CBI-21
6-10
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
UNTREATED K028 ANALYZED FOR BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
Detection
Status
(mg/kg)
Metals (Continued)
164. Selenium
165. Silver
166. Thallium
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
Inorganics
169. Cyanide
170. Fluoride
171. Sulfide
Oreanochlorine Pesticides
172. Aldrin
173. alpha-BHC
174. beta-BHC
175. delta-BHC
176. gamma-BHC
177. Chlordane
178. ODD
179. DDE
180. DDT
181. Dieldrin
182. Endosulfan I
183. Endosulfan II
184. Endrin
185. Endrin aldehyde
186. Heptachlor
187. Hepcachlor epoxide
188. Isodrin
189. Kepone
ND
ND
ND
1.3
78
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA - Not analyzed.
ND - Not detected.
CBI-21
6-11
-------
Table 6-1 (Continued)
UNTREATED K028 ANALYZED FOR BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS
Organochlorine Pesticides (Continued)
190. Methoxychlor
191. Toxaphene
Phenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides
192. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
193. Silvex
194. 2,4,5-T
Oreanophosphorus Insecticides
195. Disulfoton
196. Famphur
197. Methyl parathion
198. Parathion
199. Phorate
PCBs
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Dioxins and Furans
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
Hexachlorodibenzo - p - dioxins
Hexachlorodibenzofuran
Pentachlorodibenzo - p - dioxins
Pentachlorodibenzofuran
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Tetrachlorodibenzofuran
2,3,7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Detection
Status
(me/kg)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA - Not analyzed.
CBI-21
6-12
-------
Table 6-2
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION
IN K028 WASTEWATERS AND NONWASTEWATERS
Nonwastewaters
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
25. trans-l,2-Dichloroethene
40. 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentachloroethane
159. Chromium (total)
163. Nickel
^Proposed of wastewaters only.
Wastewaters
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
25. trans-l,2-Dichloroethene
40. 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentachloroethane
158. Cadmium*
159. Chromium (total)
161. Lead*
163. Nickel
CBI-21
6-13
-------
7.0 DEVELOPMENT OF BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
The Agency bases numerical treatment standards for constituents on
the performance of well-designed and well-operated BDAT treatment systems.
These standards must account for analytical limitations in available treatment
performance data and the data must be adjusted for variabilities related to
treatment, sampling, and analytical techniques and procedures. The purpose of
this section is to calculate proposed treatment standards for K028 wastewaters
and nonwastewaters for the constituents identified in Section 6.0 using the
available treatment performance data from the BDAT treatment technologies.
Included in this section is a step-by-step discussion of the calculation of
proposed treatment standards for K028. Since numerical treatment standards
are currently not being proposed for K029, K095, and K096, these wastes will
not be discussed in this section.
Proposed BDAT treatment standards for K028 nonwastewaters and
wastewaters are based on the demonstrated technologies of rotary kiln inciner-
ation, fluidized bed incineration followed by stabilization, and lime and
sulfide precipitation followed by vacuum filtration. Ten BDAT List organics
and two metals are being proposed for regulation in K028 nonwastewaters, and
ten BDAT List organics and four metals are being proposed for regulation in
K028 wastewaters.
Before treatment standards are calculated, the treatment performance
data are corrected to account for analytical interferences associated with the
CBI-21 7-1
-------
chemical matrix of the sample. A complete discussion of the accuracy correc-
tion of treatment data"can be found in Appendix C. Appendix C also contains
the matrix spike recoveries and accuracy correction factors used to correct
the data, as well as the corrected treatment performance data.
After treatment performance data are corrected for accuracy, the
arithmetic average of the corrected values for each constituent is calculated.
In cases where the constituent is not detected above the detection limit, the
detection limit is used to calculate the average. Tables 7-1 through 7-4
(following this section) present the averages of the corrected treatment
performance data for each constituent being proposed for regulation in K028.
The next step in calculating treatment standards is determining of
the variability factor (VF) for each constituent. The variability factor
represents the variability inherent in performance of the treatment systems,
collection of treated residuals, and analysis of samples. A complete discus-
sion of the determination of variability factors can be found in an EPA
document entitled Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards. The
variability factors for the constituents proposed for regulation in K028 are
shown in Tables 7-1 through 7-4.
Finally, the treatment standard for each constituent is calculated
by multiplying the average of the corrected treatment performance values by
the variability factor. Proposed treatment standards for K028 are presented
in Tables 7-1 through 7-4 and are discussed in greater detail below.
CBI-21 7-2
-------
7.1 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of K028
7.1.1 BOAT List Organics
Treatment performance data from rotary kiln incineration of K028 are
not available. Therefore, the Agency is proposing to transfer performance
data from treatment of F024 at Plant A to K028. The rationale for this
transfer is presented in Section 4.0.
Incineration generally results in the generation of ash (a nonwaste-
water form of K028) and combustion gas scrubber water (a wastewater form of
K028). The best measure of performance for a destruction technology, such as
incineration, is the total amount of each constituent of concern remaining
after treatment. Therefore, proposed BOAT treatment standards for organic
constituents in K028 nonwastewaters were calculated based on total constituent
concentration data from the treated waste, F024.
Six sets of data for rotary kiln incineration of F024 were used to
calculate the proposed treatment standards for organic constituents in K028
nonwastewaters. Tables 4-1 and 4-2 of Section 4.0 present the total concen-
tration values of each organic constituent detected in untreated F024 and the
treated nonwastewater residual, respectively. Treatment performance data for
each constituent proposed for regulation in F024 were transferred from data
for the same constituent in F024 if that constituent was detected in the
untreated F024. For a constituent not detected in the untreated F024, a
CBI-21 7-3
-------
treatment standard was developed based on treatment performance data from
another constituent that was detected in the untreated F024 that was tested.
The particular constituent from which data are transferred is
determined based on the characteristics of the waste that affect the perfor-
mance of treatment by incineration with respect to the nonwastewater residual
(i.e., incinerator ash). In the rotary kiln, energy in the form of heat is
transferred to the waste to volatilize the organic waste constituents. In
determining whether one constituent is equally or more difficult to volatilize
than another, the Agency examines the boiling points of the constituents.
In general, the Agency believes that a constituent having a higher
boiling point is more difficult to treat than a constituent with a lower
boiling point. Therefore, data were transferred from a constituent detected
in untreated F024 fed to the kiln that had an equal or higher boiling point.
Specific cases where data were transferred from another constituent are
summarized below and are noted in Table 7-1 at the end of this section. Table
7-1 also shows the calculation of the treatment standard for each constituent
being proposed for regulation. Boiling points for each constituent are
presented in Appendix B.
22. 1.1-Dichloroethane - The proposed treatment standard for
1,1-dichloroethane (bp 57.15°C) in K028 is based on data transferred from
treatment of 1,2-dichloroethane (bp 83.5°C) in F024. Based on the waste
characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary kiln incineration,
CBI-21 7-4
-------
the Agency expects that 1,1-dichloroethane can be treated to concentrations as
low as or lower than 1,2-dichloroethane.
25. trans-1.2-Dichloroethene. The proposed treatment standard for
trans-1,2-dichloroethene (bp 47.2°C) in K028 is based on data transferred from
treatment of 1,2-dichloroethane (bp 83.5°C) in F024. Based on the waste
characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary kiln incineration,
the Agency expects that trans-1,2-dichloroethene can be treated to concentra-
tions as low as or lower than 1,2-dichloroethane.
40. 1.1.1.2-Tetrachloroethane. The proposed treatment standard for
1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (bp 146.5°C) in K028 is based on data transferred
from treatment of p-dichlorobenzene (bp 174°C) in F024. Based on the waste
characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary kiln incineration,
the Agency expects that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane can be treated to concentra-
tions as low as or lower than p-dichlorobenzene.
41. 1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane. The proposed treatment standard for
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (bp 146.75°C) in K028 is based on data transferred
from treatment of p-dichlorobenzene (bp 174 C) in F024. Based on the waste
characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary kiln incineration,
the Agency expects that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane can be treated to concentra-
tions as low as or lower than p-dichlorobenzene.
CBI-21 7-5
-------
45. 1.1.1-Trichloroethane. The proposed treatment standard for
1,1,1-trichloroethane tbp 74 C) in K028 is based on data transferred from
treatment of 1,2-dichloroethane (bp 83.5°C) in F024. Based on the waste
characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary kiln incineration,
the Agency expects that 1,1,1-trichloroethane can be treated to concentrations
as low as or lower than 1,2-dichloroethane.
111. Hexachlorobutadiene. The proposed treatment standard for
hexachlorobutadiene (bp 215°C) in K028 is based on data transferred from
treatment of hexachlorobenzene (bp 324.5°C) in F024. Based on the waste
characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary kiln incineration,
the Agency expects that hexachlorobutadiene can be treated to concentrations
as low as or lower than hexachlorobenzene.
137. Pentachloroethane. The treatment standard for pentachloro-
ethane (bp 161.5 C) in K028 is based on data transferred from treatment of
p-dichlorobenzene (bp 174 C) in F024. Based on the waste characteristics that
affect treatment performance of rotary kiln incineration, the Agency expects
that pentachloroethane can be treated to concentrations as low as or lower
than p-dichlorobenzene.
7.1.2 BOAT List Metals
The Agency does not have treatment performance data for metals in
K028 nonwastewaters. Proposed BOAT treatment standards for metals in K028
CBI-21 7-6
-------
nonwastewacers were developed based on treatment performance data transferred
from stabilization of Incinerator ash from fluidized bed incineration of K048
and K051. The rationale for this transfer is presented in Section 4.0.
Stabilization reduces the leachability of metals in the waste. The
best measure of performance for stabilization technologies is the analysis of
the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) extract. Therefore, the
proposed BDAT treatment standards for metals in nonwastewater forms of K028
were calculated based on TCLP data.
Three data sets for lime and fly ash stabilization of K048 and K051
were used to calculate treatment standards for metal constituents in K028
nonwastewaters. Table 4-6 of Section 4.0 presents the TCLP values for metal
constituents in the stabilized K048 and K051 incinerator ash. Table 7-2 (at
the end of this section) presents the data corrected for accuracy and treat-
ment standard calculations for metal constituents being proposed for regu-
lation in K028 nonwastewaters.
7.2 Calculation of Treatment Standards for Wastewater Forms of K028
7.2.1 BDAT List Oryanics
Treatment performance data for the wastewater residual, scrubber
water, from rotary kiln incineration of K028 are not available. Therefore,
the Agency is proposing to transfer data from treatment of F024 at Plant A to
CBI-21 7-7
-------
develop treatment standards for K028. The rationale for this transfer is
presented in Section 4.0.
The best measure of performance for a destruction technology, such
as incineration, is the total amount of each constituent of concern remaining
after treatment. Therefore, proposed BOAT treatment standards for organic
constituents in K028 wastewaters were calculated based on total constituent
concentration data from the treated waste F024.
Proposed treatment standards for K028 were calculated using six sets
of data from rotary kiln incineration of F024. Tables 4-1 and 4-3 of Section
4.0 present the total concentrations of each organic constituent in the
untreated F024 and the treated wastewater residual, respectively. Performance
data for each constituent being selected for proposed regulation in K028 were
transferred from data for the same constituent in F024 if that constituent was
detected in the untreated F024. For a constituent not detected in the un-
treated F024, a treatment standard was developed based on treatment perfor-
mance data from another constituent that was detected in the untreated F024
that was tested. The particular constituent from which data are transferred
is determined based on the characteristics of the waste that affect the
performance of treatment by incineration with respect to the wastewater
residual (i.e., scrubber water). In the secondary chamber (or afterburner),
energy in the form of heat is added to destabilize chemical bonds to initiate
the combustion reactions. In determining whether one constituent is equally
CBI-21 7-8
-------
or more difficult to destabilize than another, the Agency examines the bond
dissociation energies of the constituents.
In general, the Agency believes that a constituent having a higher
bond dissociation energy (BDE) is more difficult to treat than a constituent
with a lower BDE. Therefore, data were transferred from a constituent that
had an equal or higher BDE. Specific cases where data were transferred from
another constituent are summarized below and are noted on Table 7-3 (at the
end of this section). Table 7-3 also shows the calculation of the treatment
standards for each BDAT List organic constituent being proposed for regulation
in wastewaters. Bond dissociation energies for each constituent are presented
in Appendix B.
22. 1.1-Dichloroethane. The proposed treatment standard for
1,1-dichloroethane (BDE 645 kcal/mol) in K028 is based on data transferred
from treatment of 1,2-dichloroethane (BDE 645 kcal/mol) in F024. Based on the
waste characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary kiln incin-
eration, the Agency expects that 1,1-dichloroethane can be treated to concen-
trations as low as or lower than 1,2-dichloroethane.
25. trans-1.2-Dichloroethene. The proposed treatment standard for
trans-1,2-dichloroethene (BDE 505 kcal/mol) in K028 is based on data trans-
ferred from treatment of hexachloroethane (BDE 565 kcal/mol) in F024. Based
on the waste characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary kiln
CBI-21 7-9
-------
incineration, the Agency expects that trans-l,2-dichloroethene can be treated
to concentrations as low as or lower than hexachloroethane.
40. 1.1.1.2-Tetrachloroethane. The proposed treatment standard for
1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (BDE 605 kcal/mol) in K028 is based on data trans-
ferred from treatment of 1,1,2-trichloroethane (BDE 625 kcal/mol) in F024.
Based on the waste characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary
kiln incineration, the Agency expects that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane can be
treated to concentrations as low as or lower than 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
41. 1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane. The proposed treatment standard for
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (BDE 605 kcal/mol) in K028 is based on data trans-
ferred from treatment of 1,1,2-trichloroethane (BDE 625 kcal/mol) in F024.
Based on the waste characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary
kiln incineration, the Agency expects that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane can be
treated to concentrations as low as or lower than 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
45. 1.1.1-Trichloroethane. The proposed treatment standard for
1,1,1-trichloroethane (BDE 625 kcal/mol) in K028 is based on data transferred
from treatment of 1,1,2-trichloroethane (BDE 625 kcal/mol) in F024. Based on
the waste characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary kiln
incineration, the Agency expects that 1,1,1-trichloroethane can be treated to
concentrations as low as or lower than 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
CBI-21 7-10
-------
Hexachlorobutadiene. The proposed treatment standard for
hexachlorobutadiene (BOB 855 kcal/mol) in K028 is based on data transferred
from treatment of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (BDE 910 kcal/mol) in F024. Based on
the waste characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary kiln
incineration, the Agency expects that hexachlorobutadiene can be treated to
concentrations as low as or lower than 1,2,3-trichloropropane.
137. Pentachloroethane. The proposed treatment standard for
pentachloroethane (BDE 585 kcal/mol) in K028 is based on data transferred from
treatment of 1,1,2-trichloroethane (BDE 625 kcal/mol) in F024. Based on the
waste characteristics that affect treatment performance of rotary kiln incin-
eration, the Agency expects that pentachloroethane can be treated to concen-
trations as low as or lower than 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
7.2.2 BOAT List Metals
The Agency does not have treatment performance data for metals in
K028 wastewaters. Proposed BDAT treatment standards for metals in K028
wastewaters were developed based on performance data transferred from treat-
ment of K062 and metal-bearing characteristic wastes using lime and sulfide
precipitation followed by vacuum filtration. The rationale for this transfer
is presented in Section 4.0.
Lime and sulfide precipitation followed by vacuum filtration is a
removal technology for metals in the wastewater residual. The best measure of
CBI-21 7-11
-------
performance for a removal technology is the total amount of each constituent
of concern remaining iri the wastewater after treatment. Therefore, the
proposed BOAT treatment standards for metals in wastewater forms of K028 were
calculated based on total constituent concentration data from the treated
wasstewaters, K062, and other metal-bearing characteristic wastes.
Three data sets for lime and sulfide precipitation followed by
vacuum filtration of K062 and metal-bearing characteristic wastes were used to
calculate the treatment standards for metal constituents in K028 wastewaters.
Table 4-7 in Section 4.0 presents the total concentrations for metal constitu-
ents in the untreated and treated K062 and metal-bearing characteristic
wastes. Table 7-4 at the end of this section presents the data corrected for
accuracy and treatment standard calculations for metal constituents being
proposed for regulation in K028 wastewaters.
CBI-21 7-12
-------
Table 7-1
CALCULATION OF PROPOSED TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS IN K028 NONWASTEUATERS
—I
I
Regulated Constituent
(SX-646 Method Number)
Volatiles (B240)
(Total Concentration)
22. 1.1-01chloroethane
25. trans-1.2-01chloroethene
40. 1.1.1.2-Tetrachloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. TetrachIoroethene
45. 1.1,1-Trlchloroethane
46. 1,1,2-TrIchloroethane
Semlvolat1les (8270)
(Total Concentration)
111. Hexachlorobutadlene
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentach1oroethane
F024 Constituent
From Which Treatment
Data Mere Transferred
1,2-0Ichloroethane
1 ,2-DIchloroethane
p-DIchIorobenzene
p-D1ch1orobenzene
Tat rachIoroethene
1.2-O1chloroethane
1,1. 2-Tr1chloroethane
HexachIorobenzene
HexachIoroethane
p-01chlorobenzene
Arithmetic Aver-
age of Corrected
Treatment Per-
Treatment Standard
mance Values
(ppm)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.005
.005
.686
.686
.005
.005
.005
.95
.634
.686
Variabi 1 i ty
Factor (VF)
2.8
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
.B
.a
.a
.a
.a
.a
.a
.a
.a
(Average X VF)
(ppm)
0
0
1
1 .
0
0
0
2
1 .
1 .
.014
.014
.9
.9
.014
.014
.014
.7
a
9
'for a detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see the ENSCO Onsite Engineering
Report.
CBI-22
1019-04.tbl.1
-------
Table 7-2
CALCULATION OF PROPOSED TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS IN K028 NONWASTEWATERS
Regulated Constituent
Metals.
159. Chromium (total)
163. Nickel
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment Per-
mance Values
(ppn»)
I .48
0.0268
VariabiI 1ty
Factor
(VF)
1 . 14
1 .79
Treatment
Standard
(Average x VF)
(ppm)
1 . 7
0.048
I
4>
'For a detailed discussion of t these treatment standards are based, see the Waterways Onslte
Engineering Report (Reference 7).
CBI-21
102 1 -01.t1r. 1
-------
I
»—•
i_n
Table 7-3
CALCULATION OF PROPOSED TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS IN K028 WASTEWATERS
Regulated Constituent
(SM-B46 Method Number)'
Volatile* (8240)
(Total Concentration)
22. 1,1-Dtchloroethane
25. trans-1,2-Dichloroethene
40. 1,1.1,2-Tetrachloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tatrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1 , 1,1-Trichloroethane
46. 1 ,1 ,2-TrIchloroethane
Sereivolatlles (B270)'
(Total Concentration!
111. Hexachlorobutadlene
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentachloroethane
F024 Constituent
From Which Treatment
Data Mere Transferred
I ,2-Otchloroethane
Hexachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trlchloroethane
1.1,2-Trichloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
1,1 ,2-Trlchloroethane
1 .1,2-Tr1chloroethane
1,2 ,3-TrIchloropropane
Hexachloroethane
1,1,2-Tr1chloroethane
Arithmetic Aver-
age of Corrected
Treatment Par-
Treatment Standard
mance
Values
(ppm)
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
005
013
005
005
005
005
005
005
013
005
Varlabi 1 i ty
Factor (VF)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
.a
.8
.a
.a
.8
.8
.a
.a
.a
.a
(Average x VF)
(ppm)
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0
0
0
0
0
014
036
014
014
014
.014
.014
.014
.036
.014
'For a detailed discussion of the analytical methods upon which these treatment standards are based, see the ENSCO Onslte Engineering
Report.
CBI-22
1019-04.tbl.2
-------
Table 7-H
CALCULATION OF PROPOSED TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR METAL CONSTITUENTS IN K028 WASTEWATERS
Arithmetic
Average of
Corrected
Treatment Per-
mance Values
(ppm)
Regulated Constituent
(Total Concentration)
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
161. Lead
163. Nickel
2.29
0.221
0.0132
0.387
Vartabi1ity
Factor
(VF)
2.8
1 .58
2.8
1 .21
Treatment
Standard
(Average X VF)
(ppm)
6.4
0.35
0.037
0.47
'For a detailed discussion of t these treatment standards are based, see the Envirite Onslte
Engineering Report (Reference 8).
CBI-21
1021-01.tlr.2
-------
8.0 REFERENCES
1. U.S. EPA. Draft Characterization Report of Waste Characterization for
Dow Chemicals. Freeoort Texas. 1988.
2. S-Cubed, 1988. Analytical Results of Samples Collected from the 1,1,1-
Trichloroethane, Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Perchloroethylene/Trichloro-
ethylene, Ethylene Dichloride and Ethyl Chloride Processes at PPG
Industries, Lake Charles, Louisiana Facility as excerpted from Analytical
Data Report of the EPA/OSW Study to Relist Selected Listed Hazardous
Wastes from the Chlorinated Aliphatics Industry. April 20, 1988.
3. S-Cubed, 1988. Analytical Results of Samples Collected from the 1,1,1-
Trichloroethane, Ethylene Dichloride and Carbon Tetrachloride/Perchloro-
ethylene Processes at Vulcan Chemical, Geismar, Louisiana Facilities as
excerpted from Analytical Data Report of the EPA/OSW Study to Relist
Selected Listed Hazardous Wastes from the Chlorinated Aliphatics Indus-
try. April 20, 1988.
4. S-Cubed, 1988. Analytical Results of Samples Collected from the 1,1,1-
Trichloroethane, Vinyl Chloride Monomer, and Ethylene Dichloride/North
Process Area Facilities at Dow Chemicals USA, Texas Division as excerpted
from Analytical Data Report of the EPA/OSW Study to Relist Selected
Listed Hazardous Wastes from the Chlorinated Aliphatics Industry.
January 11, 1988.
5. SRI International. 1987 Directory of Chemical Producers-United States of
America. SRI International. Menlo Park. California. 1987.
6. U.S. EPA. Draft Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment Technology
Performance and Operation for ENSCO. El Dorado. Arkansas. December 9,
1988.
7. U.S. EPA. Onsite Engineering Report of Stabilization of Fluidized Bed
Incineration Ash at Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksbury. Mississippi.
February 19, 1988.
8. U.S. EPA. Qnsite Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance
and Operation for Envirite Corporation. York. Pennsylvania. December
1986.
9. U.S. EPA. Onsite Engineering Report for Horsehead Resource Development
Company for K061. Draft Report. March 1988.
10. Windholz, Martha, editor. 1983. The Merck Index. 10th edition.
Rathway, New Jersey: Merck & Company.
11. Verschueren, Karel. 1983. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic
Chemicals. 2nd edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc.
CBI-21 8-1
1013-01.aha.6
-------
12. Weast, R.C., editor. 1980. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 61st
edition, pp. C-1.3A. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Inc.
13. Sanderson, R.T. 1971. Chemical Bonds and Bond Energy. Volume 21 in
Physical Chemistry. New York: Academic Press.
14. Dean, J.A., editor. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. 12th edition. McGraw-
Hill, 1979. pp. 8-11.
15. Federal Register. Volume 52, August 12, 1987, page 29992.
16. U.S. EPA. Methodology for Developing BOAT Treatment Standards .
17. U.S. EPA. Treatment Technology Background
18. S- Cubed, 1988. Data Summary Tables of Selected Chlorinated Aliphatic
Waste Samples as extracted from Analytical Data Report of the EPA/OSW
Study to Relist Selected Listed Hazardous Wastes from the Chlorinated
Aliphatic Industry. February 26, 1988.
CBI-21 8-2
1013-01.aha.7
-------
Appendix A
SUMMARY OF PLANT CODES
Plant Code
A
B
H
Plant Name
Environmental Services Corportion
El Dorado, Arkansas
Amoco Oil Company
Whiting, IN
Waterways Experiment Station
Vicksburg, MS
Envirite Corporation
York, PA
DuPont Chemical Company
LaPlace, LA
Shell Chemicals
Norco, LA
Vista Chemicals
Lake Charles, LA
Vulcan Chemicals
Wichita, KS
Source
EPA Testing
(Reference 6)
EPA Testing
(Reference 18)
EPA Testing
(Reference 7)
EPA Testing
(Reference 8)
EPA Testing
(Reference 6)
EPA Testing
(Reference 6)
EPA Testing
(Reference 6)
EPA Testing
(Reference 6)
CBI-21
1107-01.nrj.1
A-l
-------
Appendix B
WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE
Page
List of boiling points for constituents of interest . B-2
List of bond dissociation energies for constituents
of interest B-3
CBI-21 B-l
1013-01.aha.1
-------
Appendix B
CONSTITUENT BOILING POINTS
Constituent* Boiling Point ( C)
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane 57.15
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane 83.5
25. trans-l,2-Dichloroethene 47.2
40. 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 146.5
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 146.75
42. Tetrachloroethene 121
45. 1,1.1-Trichloroethane 74
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 113.5
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether 178
80. Chrysene 448
88. p-Dlchlorobenzene 174
110. Hexachlorobenzene 324.5
111. Hexachlorobutadiene 215
113. Hexachloroethane 186.9
116. Indeno (l,2,3-cd)pyrene 536
137. Pentachloroethane 161.5
141. Phenanthrene 340
identified by BOAT List number.
Sources: Merck Index (Reference 10).
Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals (Reference 11)
CBI-21 B-2
1013-01.aha.2
-------
Appendix B
BOND DISSOCIATION ENERGIES
Constituents* Bond Dissociation Energy (kcal/molel
222.
10.
14.
16.
20.
22.
23.
25.
26.
27.
28.
34.
38.
40.
41.
42.
43.
45.
46.
49.
59.
62.
63.
64.
65.
68.
70.
80.
88.
92.
110.
111.
113.
116.
121.
137.
141.
Acetone
2 - Chloro -1,3 -butadiene
Chloroform
3 - Chloropropene
trans -1,4 - Dichloro - 2 -butene
1 , 1-Dichloroe thane
1 , 2 - Dichloroethane
trans -1,2 - Dichloroe thene
1 , 2 - Dichloropropane
trans -1,3 - Dichloropropene
cis-1, 3 -Dichloropropene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methylene chloride
1.1,1, 2 -Tetrachloroe thane
1,1,2,2- Te trachloroethane
Tetrachloroe thene
Toluene
1 , 1 , 1-Trichloroe thane
1,1,2 -Trichloroethane
1,2, 3 -Tr ichloropropane
Benz( a) anthracene
Benzo ( a) pyrene
Benzo(b)fluoran thene
Benzo (ghi)perylene
Benzo (k) f luoranthene
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Chrysene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Die thy 1 phthalate
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachloroe thane
Indeno(l , 2 , 3 -cd) pyrene
Naphthalene
Pentachloroe thane
Phenanthrene
Identified by BOAT List number.
Sources: Sanderson. R.T. Chemical
Lanje ' s Handbook of Chemi
Handbook of Chemistry and
945
955
340
810
1075
645
645
505
930
790
790
1230
360
605
605
465
1620
625
625
910
3680
4030
4030
4360
4030
1290
6465
3680
1325
3145
1305
855
565
4580
2120
585
2900
Bonds and Bond Energv (Reference 13)
strv (Reference 14) .
Phvsics (Reference 12) .
CBI-21 B-3
1013-01.aha.3
-------
Appendix C
ACCURACY CORRECTION OF TREATMENT DATA
The treatment performance data used to determine of treatment
standards for K028 were adjusted to account for analytical interferences
associated with the chemical matrix of the samples. Generally, performance
data were corrected for accuracy as follows: (1) a matrix spike recovery was
determined for each BOAT List constituent detected in the untreated or treated
waste; (2) an accuracy correction factor was determined for each of the above
constituents by dividing 100 by the matrix spike recovery (in percent) for
that constituent; and (3) treatment performance data for each BDAT List
constituent detected in the untreated or treated waste were corrected by
multiplying the reported concentration of the constituent by the corresponding
accuracy correction factor. The procedure for accuracy correction of the data
is described in further detail below.
Matrix spike recoveries are developed by analyzing a sample of a
treated waste for a. constituent and then reanalyzing the sample after the
addition of a known amount of the same constituent (i.e., spike) to the
sample. The matrix spike recovery represents the total amount of constituent
recovered after spiking, minus the initial concentration of the constituent in
the sample, and the result divided by the known amount of constituent added.
CBI-21 C-l
1107-02.nrj.l
-------
Matrix spike recoveries used in adjustment of the treatment perfor-
mance data that were transferred to K028 are shown in Tables C-l through C-4.
Duplicate matrix spikes were performed for some BOAT List constituents. If a
duplicate matrix spike was performed for a constituent, the matrix spike
recovery used for that constituent was the lower of the two values from the
first matrix spike and the duplicate spike.
Where a matrix spike was not performed for an organic constituent,
the matrix spike recovery for that constituent was derived from the average
matrix spike recoveries of the appropriate group of constituents (volatile or
semivolatile constituents) for which recovery data were available. In these
cases, the matrix spike recoveries for all volatiles or semivolatiles from the
first matrix spike were averaged. Similarly, an average matrix spike recovery
was calculated for the duplicate matrix spike recoveries. The lower of the
two average matrix spike recoveries of the volatile or semivolatile group was
used for any volatile or semivolatile constituent for which no matrix spike
was performed.
The accuracy correction factors for the data used in calculation of
K028 treatment standard* are presented in Tables C-5 and C-6. The corrected
treatment concentrations for the constituents proposed for regulation in K028
wastewaters and nonwastewaters are presented in Tables C-7 and C-8.
CBI-21 C-2
1107-02.nrj.2
-------
Table C-1
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR KILN ASH RESIDUE (F021)
Spike Conetituent
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
9. Chlorobenzene
24. I.1-Dlchloroethene
43. Toluene
47. Trichloroethene
AVERAGE RECOVERY FOR VOLATILES
O
I
52. Acenephthene
88. I ,4-DlChlorobenzene
102. 2.4-Olnttrotoluene
105. N-Nitroeo-dl-n-propylemlne
145. Pyrene
ISO. 1.2.4-TrlChlorobenzene
AVERAGE RECOVERY FOR SEMIVOLATILES
(BASE/NEUTRAL FRACTION)
Amount Found
loom)
<0.005
<0.005
<0.DOS
<0.DOS
-------
Table C-2
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR COMBUSTION GAS SCRUBBER DISCHARGE WATER (F024)
n
i
Spike Constituent
VOLATILES
4. Benzene
9. Chlorobenzene
24. 1.1-Dlchloroethene
43. Toluene
47. TrIchloroethene
AVERAGE RECOVERV FOR VOLATILES
SEMIVOLATILES (BASE/NEUTRAL FRACTION)
52. Ac anapht hane
88. 1.4-O1chlorobenzene
102. 2.4-Oinltrotoluane
105. N-N1tro»o-dI-n-propylamina
145. Pyrana
ISO. 1,2.4-TrJchlorobanzana
AVERAGE RECOVERV FOR SEMIVOLATILES
(BASE/NEUTRAL FRACTION)
Original
Amount Found
(ppm)
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
-------
Table C-3
MATRIX SPIKE RECOVERIES FOR THE TCLP EXTRACT FOR STABILIZED FLUIDIZED BED INCINERATOR ASH
(K048 AND K05D
Lime and Flyash: Run 3
n
i
CONSTITUENTS (ppm)
BOAT METALS
154. Antimony
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
157. Beryllium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
221. Chromium (hexavalent)
160. Copper
161. Lead
163. Nickel
164. Selenium
165. Silver
166. Thallium
167. Vanadium
168. Zinc
Original
Amount Amount
Found Spiked
(ppm) (ppm)
<0.163 1.0
0.006 0.1
0.599
<0.001
<0.003
1.08
0.171
0.006
< 0.006
<0.018
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0.017 0.05
< 0.006 1.0
<0.001 1.0
0.156 1.0
0.052 1.0
Amount
Recovered
(ppm)
0.751
0.146
1.568
0.728
0.722
1.846
0.403
0.749
0.72
0.698
0.059
0.726
0.583
1.092
0.734
Percent
Recovery*
(*)
75
140
97
73
72
77
23
74
72
70
85
73
58
94
68
•Percent recovery = 100 x (Cj
Ct = amount spiked.
- C0)/Ct, where Ci = amount recovered, Co = original amount found, and
-------
n
t
„„„„ „«
Constituent
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
161. Lead
163. Nickel
-Matrix
inn x (Ci
•Percent recovery = 100 « I 1
Ct = amount spiked.
Table C-U
»
»
UcateSainpJJ_R§sui£-
Original
iount Found
(npb)
j r r
U.2
-------
Table C-5
SUMMARY OF ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTORS FOR ORGANIC
CONSTITUENTS (F024)
Accuracy Correction Factor*
Constituent
222. Acetone
6. Bromomethane
10. 2-Chloro-l,3-butadiene
12. Chloroethane
15. Chloromethane
16. 3-Chloropropene
20. trans-l,4-Dichloro-2-butene
21. Dichlorodifluoromethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
26. 1,2-Dtchloropropane
27. trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
28. cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
34. Methyl ethyl ketone
42. Tetrachloroethene
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
49. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
59. Benz(a)anthracene
62. Benzo(a)pyrene
63. Benzo(b)fluoranthene
64. Benzo(ghi)perylene
65. Benzo(k)fluoranthene
68. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
70. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
80. Chrysene
88. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
92. Diethyl phthalate
110. Hexachlorobenzene
113. Hexachloroe Chan*
116. Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
141. Phenanthrene
Rotary
Kiln Ash Residue
Total Composition
1.000
NA
1.00
NA
NA
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.899
1.899
1.899
1.899
1.899
1.899
1.899
1.899
1.389
1.899
1.899
1.899
1.899
1.899
Scrubber Water
Total Composition
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.008
1.167
1.167
1.167
1.167
1.167
1.167
1.167
1.167
1.724
1.167
1.167
1.167
1.167
1.167
*The Accuracy Correction Factor is equal to 100 divided by the percent
recovery.
NA
Not Applicable.
CBI-20
1101-03.nrj.2
C-7
-------
Table C-6
SUMMARY OF ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTORS FOR METAL
CONSTITUENTS
Accuracy Correction Factor*
Lime and Fly Ash
Stabilization
Constituent (K048 and K051) Wastevater Metals-t-
154. Antimony 1.33
155. Arsenic 0.71
156. Barium 1.03
157. Beryllium 1.37
158. Cadmium 1.39 1.149
159. Chromium (total) 1.31 1.471
160. Copper 1.35
161. Lead 1.39 1.316
163. Nickel 1.43 1.075
164. Selenium 1.18
165. Silver 1.38
167. Vanadium 1.07
168. Zinc 1.47
*The Accuracy Correction Factor is equal to 100 divided by the percent
recovery.
+The data used to calculate these Accuracy Correction Factors were
transferred from the Onsite Engineering Report for Horsehead
(Reference 11).
CBI-20 C-8
1101-03.nrj.3
-------
Table C-7
CORRECTED DATA USED TO CALCULATE TREATMENT
STANDARDS FOR PROPOSED REGULATED CONSTITUENTS IN
K028 NONWASTEWATERS
Sample Set:
Constituent
Corrected Total Concentration in
the F024 Rotary Kiln Incinerator Ash, pom*
4
Volatiles
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
25. trans-l,2-Dichloroethene
40. 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Semivolatiles
88. p-Dichlorobenzene
110. Hexachlorobenzene
111. Hexachlorobutadlene
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentachloroethane
Metals
Sample Set:
159. Chromium (total)
163. Nickel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.005
.005
.005
.732
.732
.005
.005
.005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.005
.005
.005
.801
.801
.005
.005
.005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.005
.005
.005
.656
.656
.005
.005
.005
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
005
005
005
676
676
005
005
005
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
005
005
005
625
625
005
005
005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.005
.005
.005
.625
.625
.005
.005
.005
0
1
1
0
0
.732
.013
.013
.630
.732
0.
1.
1.
0.
0.
801
110
110
630
801
0
0
0
0
0
.656
.908
.908
.664
.656
0
0
0
0
0
.676
.937
.937
.630
.676
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
625
865
865
625
625
0
0
0
0
0
.625
.865
.865
.625
.625
Corrected TCLP
Concentration in the
Stabilized K048 and K051
Incinerator Ash, ppm*
1.47
0.026
1.58
0.026
1.41
0.026
^Constituent concentrations have been corrected by multiplying by the
Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF) for each constituent.
CBI-20
1101-03.nrj.4
C-9
-------
Table C-8
CORRECTED DATA USED TO CALCULATE TREATMENT
STANDARDS FOR PROPOSED REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
K028 WASTEWATERS
IN
Sample Set:
Constituent
Volatiles
22. 1,1-Dichloroethane
23. 1,2-Dichloroethane
25. trans-l,2-Dichloroethene
40. 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
41. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42. Tetrachloroethene
45. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
46. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
49. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
Semivolatiles
111. Hexachlorobutadiene
113. Hexachloroethane
137. Pentachloroethane
Metals
Sample Set:
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium (total)
161. Lead
163. Nickel
Corrected Total Concentration in the
F024 Combustion Gas Scrubber Water, pom*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
_i_
.005
.005
.014
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.014
.005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
_2_
.005
.005
.014
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.014
.005
Corrected Total
tration
in
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1—
.005
.005
.013
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.013
.005
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4
005
005
012
005
005
005
005
005
005
005
012
005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
_5_
.005
.005
.013
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.013
.005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
_6_
.005
.005
.013
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.013
.005
Concen-
the Treated
K062 Wastewater
0
0
0
0
J^_
.575
.221
.013
.387
0
0
0
0
_2_
.575
.176
.013
.355
. oom*
5
0
0
0
J_
.747
.265
.013
.419
*Constituent concentrations have been corrected by multiplying by the
Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF) for each constituent.
CBI-20
1101-03.nrj.5
C-10
-------
Appendix D
DETECTION LIMITS FOR K028 AND K095
CBI-20 D-l
1107-03.nrj.1
Detection Limits for the Tarpot Bottoms Sample - K028
(Reference 1) D-l
Detection Limits for the Spent Catalyst Sample - K028
(Reference 2) D-2
Detection Limits for the 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Still
Bottoms Sample - K095 (Reference 2) D-3
-------
TABLE D-1: DETECTION LIMITS FOR THE TARPOT BOTTOMS SAMPLE - K028
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT
DETECTION LIMIT
VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS *
222 Acetone
1 Acetonitrile
2 Ac role In
3 Acpylonitrile
4 Benzene
5 Bromodlchloromethane
6 Bromomethane
7 Carbon tetrachlorlde
a Carbon dlsulflde
9 Chlorobenzene
10 2-Chloro-1,3-butad1ene
11 Chlorodlbromomethane
12 ChLo roe thane
13 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
14 Chloroform
15 Chloromethane
18 3-Chloropropene
17 1,2-Oibromo-3-chLoropropene
1B 1,2-01 bromoe thane
19 01bronomethane
20 Trans-1,4-d1chloro-2-butane
21 Oichlorodl f luoromethana
22 1,1-01chloroethene
23 1,2-01 ch I. o roe thane
24 1,1-Dichloroethylene
25 Trans-1,2-d1chloroethene
26 1,2-Oichloropropane
27 Trana-1,3-dichloropropene
28 cl9-1,3-01chloropropena
29 1,4-01oxene
226 Ethyl benzene
30 Ethyl cyanide
31 Ethyl mathacrylata
214 Ethylena oxide
32 lodonethena
33 laobutyl alcohol
34 Methyl ethyl katona
229 Mathyl laobutyl ketone
(ppm)
100000
1000000
1000000
1000000
50000
50000
100000
50000
50000
50000
100000
50000
100000
100000
50000
100000
1000000
100000
50000
50000
1000000
100000
50000
50000
50000
50000
50000
50000
50000
2000000
50000
1000000
1000000
4000000
500000
2000000
50000
100000
- VolatUaa analyses required a dilution factor of 10,000,000
to analyze and quantltate the target analytea within the
calibration range of the Instrument. Therefore, tha detection
limits for the volatllea are exceedingly high (some >100%]
as shown in this tablet
D-2
-------
TABLE 0-1: DETECTION LIMITS FOR THE TARPOT BOTTOMS SAMPLE - K02B
[continued]
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT
DETECTION LIMIT
VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS (continued) *
35 Methyl methacrylate
37 MethylecrylonitrHe
38 Methylene chloride
39 Pyp1d1ne
40 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
41 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42 Tetrechloroethene
43 Toluene
44 THbroraoiMthene
45 1,1,1-TMchloroethene
46 1,1,2-Tr1chloroethane
47 Trlchloroethene
48 Trlchloromonofluoroiwthane
49 1,2,3-TMchloropropene
50 Vinyl chloride
215 1,2-Xylene
216 1,3-Xylene
217 1,4-Xylene
SEMIVOLATILE CONSTITUENTS
51 Acenapthelene
52 Acenepthene
53 Acetophanone
54 2-Acetylaninofluorene
55 4-AMlnob1phanyl
56 Aniline
57 Anthracene
58 Aremite
59 Benz(a)anthracene
60 Benzanethiol
62 Benzo{a)pyrene
63 Banzo(b)fluoranthene
64 Benzo(g,h»1]perylene
65 Benzolkjfluoranthan*
66 p-Benzoqu1none
tppm)
1000000
1000000
50000
4000000
50000
50000
50000
50000
50000
50000
50000
50000
50000
50000
100000
50000
50000
50000
(ppmJ
94
94
188
188
188
94
94
NA
94
NA
94
94
94
94
NA
NA - The compound *ea searched using an NBS Library databaaa of
42,000 compound«. The detection limit Is not avallabe.
* - Volatllee analyses required a dilution factor of 10fOOO,000
to analyze and quantltate the target analytes «1th1n the
calibration range of the Instrument. Therefore! the detection
Units for the volatUea ere exceedingly high (some >100X)
as shown 1n this table.
D-3
-------
TABLE D-1: DETECTION LIMITS FOR THE TARPOT BOTTOMS SAMPLE - K028
[continued]
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT DETECTION LIMIT
SEMIVOLATILE CONSTITUENTS (continued) [ppm]
67 8is(2-chloroethoxy]ethane 94
68 Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether 94
69 6is(S-chloro1sopropyl]ather 94
70 B1s(2-ethylhexyl]phthalate 94
71 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 94
72 Butyl banzyl phthalata 94
73 2-sec-flutyl-4,6-d1nitrophenol 470
74 p-Chloroani Una 94
75 ChlorobenzUata HA
78 p-Chloro-m-cresol 94
77 2-Chloronaphthalane 94
78 2-Chlorophenol 94
79 3-Chloroprop1on1tr1la NA
80 Chrysena 94
81 ortho-Creaol 94
82 para-Creaol 94
83 D1benz(a,h)anthracene 94
84 Dibenzo(8,e]pyrene NA
85 D1benzo(a,iJpyrena NA
86 m-Olchlorobenzene 94
87 o-01chlorobanzene 94
88 p-Olchlorobanzena 94
89 3,3'-0
-------
TABLE D-1: DETECTION LIMITS FOR THE TARPOT BOnOMS SAMPLE - K028
[continued]
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT DETECTION LIMIT
SEMIVOLATILE CONSTITUENTS (continued) (ppm)
108 Fluoranthene 94
109 Fluorene 94
110 Hexachlorobenzene 94
111 Hexechlorobutadlene 94
112 Hexachlorocyclapantadlene 94
113 Hexachloroethana 94
114 Hexachlorophane NA
115 Hexechloropropene NA
116 Indano(1f2,3-cd)pyrane 94
117 Isoaafrola 188
118 Methapyrllene NA
119 3-Methylcholanthrena 188
120 4,4'-M«thylenBbl8(2-chloroaniline] 188
36 Methyl methaneaulfonate NA
121 Naphthalene 94
122 1,4-Naphthoqu1none NA
123 1-Naphthy lamina 470
124 2-Naphthylamina 470
125 p-N1tPoan1Une 470
126 Nitrobenzene 94
127 4-N1trophenol 470
128 N-N1trosod1-n-butylam1ne NA
129 N-NUrosod1ethylam1ne NA
130 N-NUrosodlmthylamlna 94
131 N-NUroBomethylethylaa1ne 94
132 N-N1tro8omorphol1ne 188
133 N-N1troaop1per1d1ne 94
134 N-N1trosopyrrol1d1ne 470
135 5-N1tro-o-tolu1d1n« 188
138 Pentachlorobenzene NA
137 Pentachloroethane NA
138 Pantachloronltrobenzana 940
139 Pantachlorophenol 470
140 Phanacetln 188
141 Ptienenthrane 94
142 Phenol 94
143 2-P1col1ne 94
144 PronanHde NA
145 Pyrena 94
NA - The compound was searched using an N8S Library database of
42,000 compounds. The detection limit 1s not aval laba.
D-5
-------
TABLE D-1I DETECTION LIMITS FOR THE TARPOT BOTTOMS SAMPLE - K02B
(continued)
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT
SEMIVOLATILE CONSTITUENTS [continued]
146 Resorcinol
147 Safrole
148 1 ,2,4,5-TetrachLorobenzene
149 2,3,4,8-Tetrachlorophenol
150 1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
151 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
152 2,4,8-Trlchlorophenol
153 Tris(2,3-d1broniopropyl] phosphate
METAL CONSTITUENTS
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
15B Barium
157 Beryllium
15B Cadmium
159 Chromium, total
160 Copper
161 Leed
182 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thai Mum
167 Vanadium
168 Z1nc
TCLP METAL CONSTITUENTS
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium, total
221 Chromium* hexavelent
180 Copper
181 Lead
182 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
168 Thallium
167 Vanadium
16B Zinc
DETECTION LIMIT
[ppm]
NA
470
188
NA
94
470
94
NA
I ppm]
2.1
1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.1
10
0.1
2.5
0.5
0.1
1000
0.2
4
(ppul
0.021
0.01
0.001
0.002
0.03
0.005
0.1
0.001
0.005
0.0002
0.025
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.004
NA - The compound was searched using an NBS Library database of
42,000 compounds. The detection Limit Is not avallabe.
D-6
-------
TABLE D-1: DETECTION LIMITS FOR THE TARPOT BOTTOMS SAMPLE - K028
(continued)
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT DETECTION LIMIT
INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS (ppm)
169 Cyanide 0.51
171 Sulflde 100
Source: Dow Chemical Company Characterization Report (Reference 1].
D-7
-------
TABLE D-2: DETECTION LIMITS FOR THE SPENT CATALYST SAMPLE - K02B
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT *
DETECTION LIMIT
VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS
222 Acetone
2 Ac role In
4 Benzene
5 Bromodlchloromethane
7 Cerbon tetrechlorlde
9 Chlorobenzene
12 Chloroethane
13 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
14 Chloroform
15 Chloromethane
16 3-Chloropropene
20 Trans—1,4—dichloro—2—butene
21 Dichlorodif luoromethane
22 1 ,1-Oichloroethane
23 1,2-01chloroethane
24 1,1-Olchloroethylene
25 Trans-1,2-dlchloroethene
26 1,2-Oichloropropane
27 Trans-1,3-d1chloropropene
28 cis-1,3-Oichloropropene
226 Ethyl benzene
34 Methyl ethyl ketone
229 Methyl Isobutyl ketone
38 Methylene chloride
40 111,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
41 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42 Tetrachloroethene
43 Toluene
45 1 r1 »1-Trichloroethene
46 1,1,2-Trichloroethana
47 TMchloroethene
48 TMchloromonofluoronathane
49 1,2,3-THchloropropana
231 1,1,2-Tr1chloro-1,2f2-tr1fluoroathane
50 Vinyl chloride
215 1,2-Xylana
216 1,3-Xylene
217 1,4-Xylene
[ppnt]
20000
NR
10000
10000
10000
10000
20000
20000
10000
20000
10000
10000
NR
NR
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
20000
NR
10000
NR
NR
NR
10000
10000
10000
10000
NR
10000
NR
20000
10000
10000
10000
D-8
-------
TABLE 0-2 s DETECTION LIMITS FOR THE SPENT CATALYST SAMPLE - K028
(continued]
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT * DETECTION LIMIT
SEMIVOLATILE CONSTITUENTS [ppm]
67 Bis(2-chloroethoxy]ethane 740
68 Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether 740
69 B1s(2-chloroisopropyl]ether 740
71 4-BromophenyI phenyl ether 740
76 p-Chlorcj-m-crasoL 740
77 2-ChLoronaphthaLene 740
78 2-Chlorophenol 740
86 m-Dichlorobenzene 740
87 c—OlchLorobenzane 740
SB p-01chlorobenzene 740
90 2,4-D1chlorophenol 740
91 2,6-Oichlorophenol 740
110 Hexachlorobenzene 740
111 HexachLorobutadlane 740
112 Mexachlorocyclopentadlene 740
113 Hexachloroethane NR
115 Hexachloropropena 740
136 Pentachlorobenzene 740
137 Pentachloroethane NR
139 Pentachlorophenol 3600
148 1,2i4l5-Tetrachlorobenzana 740
149 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol 740
150 1,2,4-TMchlorobenzene 740
151 2,4,5-TMchlorophenol 740
152 2,4|G-TMchlorophenot 3600
* BOAT constituents that are not listed ware not analyzed.
NR Not reported.
Source: PPG Industries Analytical Data Report (Reference 18).
D-9
-------
TABLE D-3: DETECTION LIMITS FOR THE 1 ,1 ,1-TRICHLOROETHANE STILL
BOTTOMS SAMPLE - K095
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT *
DETECTION LIMIT
VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS
222 Acetone
2 Ac role in
4 Benzene
5 Bromodichlororaethane
7 Carbon tetrachloride
9 ChLorobenzene
12 Ch I o roe thane
13 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
14 Chloroform
15 Chloromethane
16 3-Chloropropane
20 Trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene
21 Dichlorodifluoromethane
22 1,1-Oichloroethane
23 1,2-Oichloroethane
24 1,1-Dichloroethylene
25 Trans-1 ,2-dichloroethena
26 1,2-Oichloropropana
27 Trans-1 i3-dichloropropane
28 cis-1,3-Oichloropropene
226 Ethyl benzene
34 Methyl ethyl ketone
229 Methyl isobutyl ketone
38 Methylene chloride
40 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
41 1,1,2,2-Tetrachlorosthane
42 Tetrachloroethena
43 Toluene
45 1,1,1-Tp1chloroethane
46 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
47 TMchloroethene
48 Trichloromonof I uo roam thane
49 1,2f3-Trichloropropane
231 1,1,2-Tp1chloPO-1,2f2-tri f luoroethane
50 Vinyl chloride
215 1,2-Xylena
S16 1,3-Xylene
217 1,4-Xylene
(ppm)
20000
NR
10000
10000
10000
10000
20000
20000
10000
20000
10000
10000
NR
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
20000
NR
10000
NR
NR
40000
10000
10000
NR
NR
NR
10000
NR
20000
10000
10000
10000
D-10
-------
TABLE D-3: DETECTION LIMITS FOR THE 1 ,1 ,1-TRICHLOROETHANE STILL
BOTTOMS SAMPLE - K095
[continued]
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENT * - DETECTION LIMIT
SEMIVOLATILE CONSTITUENTS (ppm)
67 B1s[S-chloroethoxy]ethane 740
68 Bi6(a-chLoroathyl)ether 740
69 B1s(2-chlorol80propyl]ether 740
71 4— BromophenyI phenyl athar 740
76 p-Chloro-m-cresol 740
77 2-Chloronephthalene 740
78 2-Chlorophenol 740
86 m-Dlchlorobenzene 740
87 o-01chlorobenzene 740
88 p-Oichlorobenzene 740
90 2F4-D1chlorophenol 740
91 2,6-01chlorophenot 740
110 Hexachlorobenzene 740
111 Hexachlorobutadlene 740
112 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 740
113 Hexachtoroethane NR
115 Hexachloropropene 740
136 Pantachlorobenzene 740
137 PentachLoroethane NR
139 PentachlorophenoL 3600
148 1 r2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 740
149 2,3,4,6-Tatrachlorophanol 740
150 1,2,4-Tr1chlorobenzene 740
151 2,4,5-TMchlorophenol 3600
152 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 740
* BOAT constituents that are not listed were not anelyzed.
NR Not reported.
Source: PPG Industries Analytical Data Report (Reference 18).
D-ll
------- |