United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
the Comptroller
Washington, DC 20460
January 1987
xvEPA
EPA
205/
1987.1
1988
1988 Budget
in Brief
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agsndy
Library, Room 2404 PM-211-A
4101 » Street, S,W.
. DC 20460
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9001
v
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FOREWORD
This summary of the President's 1988 Budyet for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency presents major resource chanyes
and related program priorities. It is organized into six
sections .
Overvi ew - The overview describes major goals and program
di recti ons. We have highlighted the key programmatic
issues
EPA.
that are central to the President's 1988 Budget for
Operating Budget Summary - This section presents summaries
of changes f o r each of the Agency's major programs.
Superfund - This section details program responsibilities,
resources, and plans for the Superfund program.
(Construction Grants - We explain the President's Budyet
7or the municipal wastewater treatment facilities construc-
tion program in this section.
Research and Development — We highlight research
ties in support of the Agency's regulatory programs
section. ,
acti vi -
i n thi s
State and Local Grants - This section
Presi dent fs proposal for State and local
in the operating programs.
summarizes the
grants included
An appendix to the i document contains
comparing the 1988 President's Budget with the
i ng 1evel for 1987.
budget tables
current fund-
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
OVERVIEW OF THE 1988 BUDGET,
OPERATING BUDGET SUMMARY...,
Overview ,
Air
Water Quality ,
Drinking Water
Hazardous Waste ,
Pesticides..-
Radiation
Intendisciplinary
Toxic Substances ,
Energy
Management & Support ,
SUPERFUND....' ,
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS ,
APPENDIX: BUDGET TABLES....
PAGE
1
11
13
17
20
23
25
28
30
32
34
37
39
43
51
55
65
69
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NOTE: The charts on
Final Actuals,
President's
the following
1987 Current
Budyet.
comparisons between
the narrative refer
pages include the 1986
Estimate, and the 1988
Unless otherwise noted, all
1988 and 1987 budget levels in
to the 1987 Current Estimate and
1988 President's Budyet. (The "Current Estimate" is
the Agency's current plan for using its resources.)
Additionally, references to workyears refer to t_otjf[
workyears rather than only "permanent" workyears.
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OVERVIEW
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OVERVIEW OF THE 1988 BUDGET
The President's 1988 Budget for the Environmental.
Protection Agency provides the Agency with the necessary
resources to address the nation's most critical
environmental problems. The challenges we face, include
managing hazardous waste, providing safe drinking water,
ensuring clean air and water, and controlling toxic
substances. This year's budget again reflects the
Administration's strong commitment to the environment.
The 1988 Budget request provides strong support
for implementing EPA's new requirements. It continues,
for the second year, a major ramp-up of the reauthorized
Superfund Program. It continues the Agency's emphasis
on implementing the Safe Drinking Water Program, including
a new State grant, and also incorporates the Admini-
stration's new legislative proposal for the Construction
Grants Program. Finally, the budget supports implement-
ation of the "Special Envoys' Report on Acid Rain."
At the same time, the 1988 request includes resources
to ensure a stable base for the Agency's Operating
Programs. It continues the expansion of the Agency's
enforcement program and maintains the strong State-
Federal partnership that is crucial to achieving our
environmental goals.
The Agency's total request is (almost $2.7 billion
supported by 14,323 workyears. The request includes
$1.5 billion and 11,522 workyears for our Operating
Programs and $1.2,billion and 2,801 workyears for Super-
fund and the new Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
Programs. When wej include previously appropriated funds,
we expect to conduct a total Superfund/LUST Program in
excess of $1.6 billion. The total amount for Superfund
for 1988 exceeds the entire amount of funding provided
over the first 5 years of the program.
The following provides a brief summary of key
programmatic components in the President's 1988 Budget:
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Construction Grants
The Administration has developed a significant new
legislative proposal for Construction Grants that would
provide $4.0 billion between 1987 and 1988. This pro-
posal would provide $12 billion over 8 years. As soon as
legislation is enacted which incorporates this proposal,
the President will submit an amended request for $2
billion for 1988. Until that time, resources will
continue to be provided to grantees with prior year
funding.
Superfund
The
signed by
to pursue
hazardous
calIs for
million is
long awaited reauthorization of- Superfund,
President Reagan in October 1986, allows EPA
an aggressive cleanup program for uncontrolled
substance sites. The Agency's 1988 Plan
a $1,579 million program, of which $1,200
in new budget authority while the remainder
is unused prior year funding. This budget is supported
by 2,716 workyears. The new and expanded authorities
provided by the "Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act of 1986" reinforce all major programmatic areas--
emergency removals, remedial responses, enforcement, and
research and development--and will result in more exten-
sive and permanent cleanups.
,--
Key resource investments in 1988 focus attention on
completing cleanup at remedial sites started in earlier
years, implementing the new cleanup standards, pursuing
a large number of settlements with responsible parties,
recovering costs of Federal cleanup actions, and imple-
menting new requirements~which will accelerate response
actions at Federal facilities. These efforts will place
more sites than ever into the design and construction
phase, the final steps in the cleanup process.
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Safe DM nking Water
The 1988 budget underscores the Administration's
commitment to providing the nation with a clean, safe
supply of drinking water. The "Safe Drinking Water
Amendments of 1986" expand EPA's responsibilities in
ensuring that the nation's drinking water supplies are
free from contamination. The legislation requires that
EPA regulate new contaminants and develop a program to
monitor State and local government compliance with
public water supply standards.
In order to carry out these activities, the FY 1988
budget provides 753 workyears and $112.3 million for the
Safe Drinking Water Program, 'including $8 million for a
new Wellhead Protection grant. With the increase in
1987, this program will grow by approximately 29 percent.
Research and Development
EPA's 1988 Research Program will continue to provide
the necessary support for the development
tation of regul ati ons requi red by statute
expand into areas where new environmental
been identified.
and implemen-
as well as to
problems have
The Agency will also support the implementation of
the Lewis/Davis "Special Envoys' Report on Acid Rain" by
working closely with the Department of Energy in support
of the clean coal technology demonstration program,
maintaining an ongoing information exchange with Canada,
and >impl ementi ng research essential to resolving trans-
boundary Acid Rain issues.
- The 1988 President's Budget provides a total
Research and Development program of $354.3 million and
1,844 workyears, including Superfund and Leaking Under-
ground Storage Tank research. The Superfund Research pro-
gram will be significantly expanded in 1988 and will
focus on evaluation of remedial technologies to improve
site clean-up and provide additional health risk assess-
ment support for clean-up and enforcement actions.
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Research will also provide necessary information to
implement the "Safe Drinking Water Amendments of 1986",
and to improve our understanding of new and complex air
pollution problems such as municipal waste incineration,
indoor air pollution, and global warming.
State And Local Grants
The State-Federal partnership is crucial to improv-
ing the nation's environmental quality. Increasingly,
a number of vital EPA programs are being delegated to
the States for implementation. State and local grants
form an integral part of the resource base used by the
States to meet their environmental responsibilities.
The President's 1988 budget -provides $295.7
million to support these State and local environmental
programs. This resource level represents an increase of
nearly $10 million over 1987.
Maintaining The Agency's Enforcement Effort
The 1988 budget provides increased resources
for the Agency to continue its strong enforcement efforts.
Resources for the enforcement program increase $28
million to $271 million, and 140 workyears to 3.4U7
workyears.
Most of the enforcement increases are provided for
the reauthorized Superfund Program. The FY 1988 Budget
provides increases of $23.5 million (+24 percent) and
126 workyears (+15 percent) for Superfund enforcement
activities. These resources will be used to promote
settlements for site cleanup by responsible parties, to
increase cost recovery efforts, and to ensure that
Federal facilities meet the new statutory requirements.
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In the operating program, resources increase for
hazardous waste enforcement activities by 20. workyears
and $1.8 million over the 1987 level. Major emphasis
will be placed on monitoring and enforcing corrective
action remedies for hazardous waste facilities. The
request will also continue to provide support for the
new requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Enforcement resources are requested at a level
which will allow the Agency to take timely and appropriate
action against significant non-compliers. It will also
ensure that we respond in a timely manner to our ongoing
enforcement caseload.
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OPERATING BUDGET SUMMARY
f
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OPERATING PROGRAMS
(WORKYEARS)
11250
11664
11522
FY1986
ACTUALS
FY1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
PYltM
PRESIDENTS
BUOOCT
($ MILLIONS)
$1432
$1444
$1489
ACTUALS
CUMKNT
ESTIMATE
rrnat
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
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OPERATING PROGRAMS OVERVIEW
EPA's 1988 budget Includes $1,489 million and
11,522 workyears for its Operating Programs.
This represents a three percent increase in
dollars and a one percent reduction in work-
years over the 1987 current estimate. The
following two tables present resources by
program from 1987 to 1988, followed by a short
description of each program.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF OPERATING PROGRAMS
BY MEDIA
(UORKYEARS)
MEDIA
FY 1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
FY 1988
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1988 - 1987
•DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
WORKYEARS
AIR
WATER QUALITY
DRINKING WATER
HAZARDOUS WASTE
PESTICIDES
RADIATION
INTERDISCIPLINARY
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
REIMBURSEMENTS
1,775.0
2,177.0
758.0
1,481.6
812.7
185.2
616.8
856.1
85.6
2,853.7
62.0
1,765.7
2,124.6
752.7
1,485.4
818.2
166.7
602.2
839.6
82.6
2,822.0
62.0
-9.3
-52.4
•5.3
+3.8
+5.5
-18.5
-U.6
-16.5
-3.0
-31.7
SUBTOTAL
11,663:7
11,521.7
-142.0
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MEDIA
AIR
WATER QUALITY
DRINKING WATER
HAZARDOUS WASTE
PESTICIDES
RADIATION
INTERDISCIPLINARY
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
SUBTOTAL
FERS/PAYRAISE*
TOTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF OPERATING PROGRAMS
BY MEDIA
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
FY 1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$244,289.1
238,855.6
105.570.9
258,132.8
69,303.9
15,388.9
56,883.1
90,411.9
59,547.4
305,408.4
$1,443,792.0
$1,443,792.0
FY 1988
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
$241,047.7
229,442.9
112,311.0
249,375:0
72,929.4
13,428.0
54,608.5
83,091.7
58,866.6
329,983.5
$1,445,084.3
44,000.0
$1,489,084.3
1988 - 1987
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
DOLLARS
-$3,241.4
•9,412.7
+6,740.1
-8,757.8
+3,625.5
-1,960.9
•2,274.6
•7,320.2
•680.8
+24,575.1
+$1,292.3
+44,000.0
+$1,292.3
* FEDERAL EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT SYSTEM (FERS) COSTS UNDISTRIBUTED BY MEDIA
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AIR PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The President's 1988 Budget provides 1,766 workyears
and $241.0 million for the air program, nearly the same
resource level as 1987. The highlights of the 1988
Air program are as follows:
o Air Quality Planning and Standards Program will
Fo c u s on A i r To xics Regula t i o ns^: In 1988, EPA will
utilize 250 total workyears and $23.3 million to
continue implementation of a comprehensive strategy
for controlling toxic air pollutants as well as
evaluating ways to address acid rain, stratospheric
ozone depletion and indoor air pollution. This
level represents a decrease"from 1987 of 6 workyears
and $6.3 million due to the completion of the
regulatory process to determine whether to regulate
chlorof1uorocarbons and completion of global climate
change studies.
o State Grants Support Air Toxics and Monitoring
Network?": State and 1 ocal grants under Section
105 of the Clean Air Act total $95.0 million, the
same level as 1987. In 1988, States will implement
inspection and source compliance programs, contin-
uing to emphasize sources in non-attainment areas.
States will maintain the air monitoring system net-
works, replacing obsolete instruments and contin-
uing necessary modifications to collect size' speci-
fic paniculate matter data.
national air toxics strategy
major priority for State and
1988.
Implementation of the
will continue to be a
local air programs i'n
Regional Monitoring and Air Quality Management
Emphasizes Emerging Programs: The Agency requests
451 workyears and $20.6 million, which represents
a decrease of 5 workyears and no change in dollars.
Regional programs will continue to provide effec-
tive and timely policy guidance and technical
consultation to States. Emphasis will be placed on
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restoration of environmental quality, particularly
within the remaining non-attainment areas; State
Implementation Plans (SIP) revisions related to
revised National Ansient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS); and air toxics.
Mobile Sources Emphasizes Air Toxics and Uzone:
The 1988 request for mobile source air pollutant
control and fuel economy totals 205 workyears
and $14.7 million, which represents about the same
level as 1987. The standards program in 1988 will
continue emphasis on controlling ozone precursors
and air toxics, and the regulatory program will
concentrate on control of evaporative and refueling
emissions, excess hydrocarbon emissions, and parti-
culate emissions. In addition, mobile sources is
proposing to implement a user fee proposal for
certification, imports, and corporate average fuel
economy.
Mobile Source and Stationary Source Enforcement
Increase s SIi gh11y; The 1988 request for stationary
and mobile source enforcement totals 423 workyears
and $22.0 million, representing an increase of $.2
in 1988 include implementa-
New Source Performance
and establishment of a
program. The stationary
mobi1e
$22.0 million,
mi 11i on . Initiatives
tion of the wood stoves
Standards (NSPS) program
heavy-duty vehicle recall
program will continue to ensure that noncomplying
significant sources are brought into compliance.
The mobile source enforcement program will continue
to assist States and local governments in adopting
and implementing their own tampering and fuel
switching enforcement programs.
The Research and Development Program Will Focus
on
New, Complex Ai r Pol 1ution Problems:
New
scientific evi dence indicates that pjote n t i a 11 y
serious environmental problems are resulting from
stratospheric ozone depletion, emissions from muni-
cipal waste incineration, and indoor air pollution.
In 1988, the air research program request totals
$65.5 million and 437 workyears, an increase of
$2.4 million and two workyears. Research in 1988
will emphasize identifying the sources of hazardous
air pollutants indoors and from municipal inciner-
ators and identifying the causes and effects of
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stratospheric ozone depletion, the build-up of trace
gases in the atmosphere, and the phenomenon of glo-
bal warming in order to provide information to
policy-makers on feasible regulatory and technolog-
ical controls.
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WATER QUALITY PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The President's 1988 budget provides 2,125 work-
years and $229.4 million for water programs, a decrease
of 5E workyears and $9.4 million. These decreases are
attributable primarily to decreased technical assistance
in the highly delegated Construction Grants program and
a reduced request for the Oil Spills program to reflect
actual utilization. In addition, the Agency is not
requesting funding, for the Clean Lakes program. These
decreases are offset by increases for near coastal
waters and the wetlands initiatives.
The major themes which characterize the water
program in 1988 include continued implementation of
three separate compliance programs as well as a sound
marine and estuarine protection program, controlling and
analyzing the effects of toxic pollution, effectively
managing the construction grants program, and research
to support wetlands and near coastal waters initiatives.
o Controlling Toxics at Publicly Owned Treatment
Works: The emphasis of the pretreatment program i n
1988 will be on enforcement against noncomplying
POTWs that have been approved for three or more
years, addressing specific episodes of pass-through
or interference, and assisting or modifying local
programs to address additional hazardous or toxic
pol1utants.
EPA will also continue to initiate enforcement
actions against noncomplying industrial users in
nondelegated States where there is no approved
program.
o Maintaining Progress in Issuing Water Permits: In
1988 priority will be given to water quality consid-
erations, especially those associated with toxic or
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hazardous pollutants beyond the 126 priority
pollutants covered by Best Available Technology
(BAT) requirements. Permits will be modified to
incorporate biomonitoriny studies, pretreatment
revisions, and new technology requirements.
Addressi n g C. r i t i c a 1 C o m p1i anee Deadlines: Resources
for water qua!ity enforcement arid permit issuance
remain essentially stable in 1988. In order to con-
tinue the major ongoing effort to place all munic-
ipalities in compliance with the 1988 compliance
deadline, EPA will maintain strong support for the
National Municipal Policy. In 1988, EPA will focus
on assuring that permittees placed on enforceable
schedules comply with those schedules and will
increase efforts to place minor permittees on en-
forceable compliance schedules.
Restoring Integrity of Near Coastal Waters; Pro-
grams for the restoration a~ndpreservation of the
near coastal environment will take on increased
emphasis in 1988. Support will be continued for
Narragasett Bay, Long Island Sound, Pamlico/Albe-
marle Sounds, San Francisco Bay, a.nd Puyet Sound.
Several pilot projects will be initiated in selected
coastal and marine areas to test innovative solu-
tions for identified major environmental problems.
The types of problems to be addressed include
toxics in sediment and water, excessive nutrient
loadings, and microbial concentrations in shell-
fish.
The Agency will continue to focus.on Chesapeake Bay
and other basins of major importance to the public
and Congress to determine the appropriate actions
that State and Federal authorities should take in
these areas.
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Effectively Managing the Construction Grants
Program; The President wi11 propose a re vised pT a n
to phase out the program by 1994 and will request
$2.0 billion in 1988 if the proposed plan is en-
acted. The plan will emphasize the need to target
funds to the most environmentally significant pro-
jects and to develop financial self-sufficiency on
the part of States.
EPA staff will continue to effectively manage funds
already appropriated, focusing on State oversight to
ensure cost effective construction, operation, and
maintenance of facilities previously constructed or
currently under construction. Assistance in imple-
menting the National Municipal Policy will also be
provided for facilities not in compliance with se-
condary treatment requirements.
Research To Support New Wetlands and Near Coastal
Maters Initiatives; The water quality research pro-
gram will continue to provide the scientific base
to help States develop water quality standards and
conduct use-attainability analyses and whole ef-
fluent toxicity testing. In 1988, the budget for
water quality research totals $24.7 million, an
increase of $0.3 million over 1987. Increased
emphasis in 1988 will be placed on developing
responsive and scientifically valid wetlands and
near coastal waters research programs. The Great
Lakes research program will be funded at the 1987
enacted level. In addition, research to evaluate
innovative and alternative wastewater treatment
technologies will continue.
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DRINKING WATER HIGHLIGHTS
The Safe Drinking Water Act {SDWA) Amendments ex-
pand EPA's responsibility to ensure that the nation's
drinking water supplies are free from contamination
which may pose a risk to public health. The Amendments
require the Agency to regulate 83 new contaminants by
1989, 49 of which are to be final by June of 1988. Ad-
ditionally, a program must be developed for all public
water systems requiring them to monitor for unregulated
contaminants in a repetitive 5-year cycle and Federal
enforcement actions against violators of Public Water
System (PWS) and Underground Injection Control (UIC)
program requirements must be implemented when States do
not take appropriate actions.
The 1988 Budget will adequately cover the activities
specified by the SDWA Amendments, including activities
carried out through the Wei 1 head ' Protection Program
(WHP).
The President's 1988 Budget provides 753 workyears
and $112.3 million for the Drinking Water Program, with
a decrease of 5 workyears from 1987 and an increase of
$6.7 million. Overall, the program is 121 workyears and
$25.8 million above 1986 levels before enactment of the
Amendments. The major areas in drinking water include
the fol 1 owi ng.
o Implement Wellhead Protection Program: In 1988,
EPA will implement this new program Dy making grant
awards to States that are undertaking adequate pro-
grams for protection of wellhead areas of all public
water supplies within their boundaries. The program
will maintain an ongoing effort to provide States
and localities with the technical assistance neces-
sary to develop plans and appropriate controls. A
total of $8.U million is provided for initial grant
awards in 1988.
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Set New Drinking Water Standards: The 1988 Budget
provides the same amount of workyears and funding
as in 1987 for these activities. The program will
continue establishing Maximum Contaminant Level
Goals for new National Primary Drinking Water Reg-
ulations and establish regulations for disinfec-
tion, filtration, and treatment of water supplies.
A list of priority contaminants will be published
by January 1988. This list will set the agenda for
subsequent drinking water regulations and start a
timetable for promulgating a minimum of 25 new
standards every three years. The Drinking Water
and Pesticides programs will build on a pilot
project for the Pesticides in Drinking Water Wells
Survey and proceed with the survey in 1988.
Improve Public Water Supply Compliance: The
program will maintain its high priority in improving
compliance with existing PWS standards in primacy
States and States in which EPA must assume direct
implementation. All systems in violation will be
at risk of State, and Federal intervention, but "sig-
nificant non-compl iers" w'i 11 receive first priority.
Continue Research and Development: The drinking
water research program wi 11 provide the scientific
data needed to support the implementation of the
new SDWA Amendments. In 1988, the request will
provide the scientific base to develop maximum
contaminant levels and Health Advisories, evaluate
control technologies for the removal of contaminants
in drinking water, and provide analytical methods
and procedures for chemical and microbiological
analyses.
Maintain Enforcement of Underground Injection Con-
trol (DIG) Program: The program wi11 conti nue
enforcing compliance with regulatory requirements
where States have no primacy enforcement responsibi-
lity or fail to act against violators in a timely
and appropriate manner.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The yoal of EPA's Hazardous Waste program is to
protect public health and the environment from unneces-
sary risks by developing and implementing sound hazardous
waste. management practices. 1988 is a significant year
in this effort because several of the major milestones
established by the Hazardous and Solid Wa-ste Amendments
of 1984 will be substantially achieved. These include
the promulgation of major regulations and the issuance
of permits for land disposal facilities. As these
efforts reach•completion, program priorities will shift
to emerging enforcement and implementation issues. The
Agency will continue to emphasize major ongoing rule-
makings.
as
Highlights of
fol1ows:
the President's Budget for 1988 are
In 1988 the Hazardous Waste program is requesting
l,48b workyears and $249.4 million. This represents an
increase of 4 workyears and a decrease of $8.8 million
from EPA's 1987, budget for Hazardous Waste.
o Major Regulations Will Be Promulgated: Given that
the Agency will be compl eti ng several major regula-
tions, resources for this, area decrease by 13
workyears and $7.4 million from 1987 levels of 274
workyears and $67.0 million. The first set of
regulations that ban the land disposal of untreated
wastes will be in place, and standards for under-
ground storage tanks will be promulgated. Work
will continue on other land disposal restrictions
and treatment standards, other major rulemakings,
and implementing guidances.
o The Agency Will Shift Resources To Emerging Enforce-
ment Priorities and Implementation of New Standards:
Enforcement resources increase by 20 wo.rkyears and
$1.8 million over the 1987 base of 472 workyears
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and $36.3 million. As regulations are completed,
increased efforts will be taryeted to their enforce-
ment. Major emphasis will be placed on monitoring
and enforcing corrective action remedies for conta-
mination at hazardous waste facilities.
Implementation resources decrease by 19 workyears
from 1987 levels of 402 workyears. The reduction
reflects the issuance of permits during 1987, as
well as the completion of much work in reviewing
and processing other permit applications. These
resource levels will enable EPA to continue work
on other disposal, treatment, and storage permits;
environmental problems at closing facilities; and
implementing new regulations.
The Agency will provide significant support for
the implementation and enforcement of underground
storage tank standards, including oversight and
technical assistance for State programs. Work-
years for these activities will double from their
1987 level to 40.
Research Activities Will Emphasize Land Banning
and Alternati ve Pisposal Technologies. The Agency
is requesting 234 workyears and $45.2 million for
research to support the Hazardous Waste program,
a decrease of 4 workyears and $5.3- million from
the 1987 base due to the completion of dioxin
research and a reduction, in research on known land
disposal technologies. Resources will be maintained
to address emerging technologies. New studies will
be undertaken in 1988 on municipal waste incinera-
tion and continued support will be provided for
listings/ delistings, validation . of analytical
methods and bioassay screens to identify hazar-
dous wastes quickly and cost-effectively.
The Agency Will Maintain A Strong Federal/State
Partnership To Implement The Hazardous Waste
Program; State grants are level funded at $72.7
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million to support continued development of State
programs, including major efforts in permit pro-
cessing, monitoring corrective action remedies,
and implementing underground storage tank require-
ments. In addition to grant funds, $2.0 million
in cooperative agreements is provided for a new
program to assist States that must implement mining
waste standards.
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PESTICIDES HIGHLIGHTS
The President's 1988 Budget provides 818 workyears
and $72.9 million for the Pesticides program, increases
of 6 workyears and $3.7 million, respectively, from
1987. Highlights of the 1988 President's Budget for the
Pesticides program are as follows:
o Increased Emphasis on Existing Pesticides: The
Agency requests 307 workyears and $25.6 mi11 ion for
the Generic Chemical Review program, an increase of
25 workyears and $2.7 million from 1987. In 1988,
increased resources will be used to accelerate the
reregistrati on of existing chemicals. Data to
support the reregistraton effort will be called in
at a much faster pace than in previous years.
The Agency will continue to provide resources
for the Special Review program to conduct risk/
benefit analyses of pesticides suspected of causing
unreasonable adverse health and environmental
effects.
Attention will continue to be given to the nation-
wide Groundwater Monitoring and Hazard Assessment
program to identify and regulate pesticides that
contaminate groundwater.
o Continue with Pesticides Registration; The Agency
requests 166workyearsand$11.5mTllion for the
registration of pesticides. Although these totals
represent decreases of 30 workyears and $1.4
million, a productivity initiative project will be
conducted to keep the registration pace at current
levels. The Agency will continue to give priority
to applications for new chemicals and new uses to
facilitate the entry of new, potentially safer,
chemicals into the marketplace. The Agency expects
to conduct the same number of reviews in these two
28
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areas as in 1987. Continued attention will be
given to bi ochenii cal /microbial agents in order
to effectively regulate these pesticides. The
Pesticides program will also be collecting user
fees for this proyram following publication of a
regulation in 1987.
Support Pesticides Enforcement; The Agency requests
120 workyears and $18.0 million for the enforcement
program, representing increases of 3 workyears and
$1.6 million. Regional programs are the focus of
1988 compliance monitoring strategies with resources
being directed toward protecting groundwater
supplies from' agricultural chemicals including
pesticides. The Pesticides Enforcement proyram
will continue to encourage State participation in
the nationwide Pesticides Compliance Monitoring
program. Emphasis wil.l continue to be shifted
from marketplace compliance to use compliance.
Funds will be increased to upgrade Certification
and Training programs to ensure proper handling and
application of highly toxic, restricted-use pesti-
cides .
NewAreasof Research Focus on Biotechnology and
Groundwater; The Agency requests 116 workyears and
$13.2 million for the Pesticides research and
development program, representing an increase of
8 workyears and $0.7 million.' Research activities
will continue to provide support to the Office of
Pesticides Programs to strengthen the Agency's
understanding of pesticide effects on human health
and the environment.
The 1988 increases will be focused on determining
health and environmental effects of genetically
engineered pesticides. New research efforts will
also focus on the effects of pesticide use on ground-
water.
29
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RADIATION PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The President's 1988 budget provides 228 workyears
and $13.4 million for this program. Highlights of the
1988 program are as follows:
o Continued Support for Radiation Standards and
Implementati on: The 1988 request for radiation
standards and guidelines totals 54 workyears and
$3.8 million, a decrease of 6 workyears. and $.2
million from 1987. The program will focus on three
major areas of regulatory effort: airborne radio-
nuclides, radioactive waste management, and Federal
guidance,
o Regional Offices Wi11 Emphasize Technical Assist-
ance to State"?!Tn 1988, tTTe Regi onalradi at ion
program will total 21 workyears and $1.2 million,
an increase of 3 workyears from 1987. The program
will emphasize technical assistance to States in
the areas of emergency response planning and in the
characterization and identification of hazardous
radioactive waste sites. The increase is for
technical assistance to States in assessment and
mitigation of radon sites.
o Em p na s i s o n Radon Asse_ssmen t and Honi tori ng:_ The
1988 request for the radiation environmental impact
assessment program is 80 workyears and $7.1 million.
The request represents a decrease of 3 workyears
and $.5 million from 1987. Major activities of
this program will be to continue monitoring environ-
mental radiation, participating in emergency pre-
paredness and response activities and working with
the Department of Energy in addressing health impacts
of radon exposure.
The Research
Radon
and Development Program will Focus on
Mitigation Testing and Radiological Moni-
toring . In 1988 the request for radiation research
and development totals 74 workyears and $1.4 million.
30
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These resources include 8 workyears and $1.2 million
for engineering research to demonstrate techniques
to reduce exposure to radon gas in homes of various
structural type and in different regions of the
country. The request for radon research represents
a decrease of 11 workyears and $1.3 million from
the 1987 level due to the completion of a signifi-
cant portion of the demonstration in 1987. Addi-
tional radon research, including mitigation methods
will be addressed by the Department of Energy's
expanded $10 million program in 1988.
31
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INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The President's 1988 budget provides 602 workyears
and $54.6 million for Interdisciplinary Proyrams. High-
lights of the 1988 President's Budget for the Inter-
disciplinary Program are as follows:
o The Agency will MaintainLiaison withotherFederal
Agencies and Continue to Implement EPA Programs
on Indi an Reservati ons. The budget request includes
$10.2 million a~nd TT2 total workyears for these
activities. This is an increase of $2.4 million.
The program will continue to ensure that actions
undertaken by Federal agencies and their facili-
ties comply with environmental laws and statutes, and
conduct environmental assessments of Federally
funded municipal wastewater treatment projects
and of permits issued to new sources. The decrease
of 2 workyears reflects an anticipated decline
in required NEPA compliance activity.
o The Agency Continues to Maintain an Effective Crim-
inal and Civil Enforcement Presence. The bud-
getrequest i ncl udes $21.5 million and 409 work-
years for the Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring. This program will continue to provide
for full support to a national civil and criminal
investigations program. Within the base program
there will be continued emphasis upon hazardous
waste and drinking water enforcement. Enforcement
activity targeted on significant noncompliers
continues and efforts towards resolving ongoing
cases are emphasized.
o Exploratory Research Studies Vli 11 Continue. The
budget request includes 81 workyears and $22.9 mil-
lion for interdisciplinary research, a decrease of
7 workyears and $5.0 million. The interdisciplinary
32
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research program will continue to support basic,
long-term research through the Exploratory Grants
and Centers program. In addition, the research
program will continue to develop risk assessment
guidelines, support the dissemination of scientific
and technical data, and maintain the Agency's
Quality Assurance program.
33
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES HIGHLIGHTS
and
The President
$83.1 million
s 1988 Budget provides 840 workyears
to the Toxic Substances Program.
Highlights of the 1988 President's
Toxic Substances program are as follows:
Budget for the
Maintaining anEffective and Responsive New Chem-
ical Review Program; The 1988 President's Budget
wiTlplace an increased emphasis on the New Chemical
Review program to meet the 90-day statutory review
TSCA section 5. To meet the
in new chemical submissions, 248
million will be provided to the
program. New chemical submis-
620 submissions in 1981 to a
in 1988. Efficiency
time required in
i ncreasi ng demand
workyears and $20.2
New Chemical Review
sions have gone from
projected 2,600 submissions
improvements and program increases have been imple-
mented to meet the 90-day requirement to complete
new chemical reviews. In addition, the biotech-
nology program will be expanded in 1988 as the
program develops and promulgates rulemaking. By
1988, the Agency will be collecting user fees to
recoup some of the costs of new chemical review.
Reducing Significant Risks from Existing Chemicals
Remains a Priority in 1988: The Existing Chemi cal
program will streamline the reviewing process by
focusing on inter-media chemical problems, expan-
sion of the chemical category approach, more fre-
quent senior level disposition meetings to focus
risk potential early in the process, and the use of
TSCA section 9 referrals to other agencies.
Support Agency Priorities Under Other
Statutory Au-
will
thoritylResourcesin the President'sBudget
provide information gathering and analysis support
to meet the needs of other EPA programs. The pro-
gram will continue to emphasize the use of TSCA
34
-------
information gathering authorities, particularly th.e
comprehensive assessment information rule, to obtain
risk data for other offices. In 1988 the Toxic
Substances program will finish health effects and
environmental effects test rules for the Office of
Sol id Waste.
A Continued Focus on Addressing AsbestosHazards:
In 1988,ThePresident'sBudgetincludesTTwork-
years and $3.3 million to maintain programs designed
to address asbestos hazards. The Asbestos Hazard
Emergency Response Act of 1986 and the A.sbestos
School Hazard Abatement Act of 1984 establish the
need for compliance activities to assist in monitor-
ing State responsibilities and to provide technical
guidance.
Ensuring Compliance With the Toxic Substances
Control Act: The President's Budget for 1988 will
maintain a program that ensures compliance with
toxic substances regulations. A total of 181
workyears and $11.3 million will support EPA
enforcement programs and cooperative agreements in
18 States. This is an increase of 3 workyears and
$0.4 million above'1987 levels. The major features
of the 1988 program are to improve compliance assis-
tance to the regulated community, to reduce TSCA
enforcement case backlogs, and to consolidate re-
sources from pesticides into toxic substances for
management of the Laboratory Data Integrity Program.
New Research Efforts Will Focus on Non-Cancer
Health EndpointTlThlPresident's1988Budget
provides a total of $29.0 million and 193 work-
years for the Toxic Substances research program.
Emphasis will be placed on new research to develop
non-cancer health risk assessment methodologies.
35
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Engineering research will focus on development and
evaluation of release and control methods for new
and existing chemicals. The overall reduction of
$2.1 million in the research program reflects the
phase-down of research in areas where the Agency
has an extensive knowledge base.
the President's 1988 Budget is also requesting a
1987 rescission of $47.5 million in Asbestos Loan and
Grant funding because prior year appropriations have
already greatly reduced the problem and many States have
their own programs, in place to complete asbestos abate-
ment actions.
36
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ENERGY PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Overall, the President's 1988 Budget provides 83
workyears and $58.9 million for energy research, a de-
crease of 3 workyears and $U.7 million from 1987. The
highlights of the 1988 Energy program are as follows:
o Joint Report of the Special Envoys on Acid Rain:
The Joint. Report of the Special Envoys on Acid Rain
recommended the initiation of a five-year, $5
billion acid rain control technology demonstration
program, $2.5 billion of this total to be provided
by the federal government. The Department of Energy
(DOE) will be the lead Federal agency in addressing
this recommendation.
The Envoys' Report recommended that EPA provide
technical expertise in selecting the clean coal
commercial demonstration projects. EPA will be
working closely with the DOE in the actual implemen-
tation of this program.
o Continued Emphasis onAcid Rain Research: In 1988,
support for EPA's re search on acid rain wi11 remain
stable at $b5.3 million. From the inception of
the program in 1980 through the 1988 President's
Budget, EPA will have spent $249.9 million on Acid
Rain research. Acid Rain research throughout the
Federal Government in 1988 will total $86.1 million,
essentially the same level as in 1987.
In 1988, the Acid Rain program will emphasize the
development and evaluation of atmospheric models.
This research will enable policymakers to predict
changes in deposition levels that result from
emission reductions in nearby or distant sources.
Specifically, an advanced version of the Regional
Acid Deposition Model will undergo testing, and we
will begin evaluation and refinement of the model
using field study data.
37
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The Acid Rain proyram will continue to support the
IbO station National Trends Network which monitors
wet deposition. In addition, the program plans to
have b5 dry deposition sites in operation throughout
the Nation.
In 1988, EPA will enhance research that seeks to
quantify the effects of acidification on aquatic
systems. Major emphasis in 1988 will be placed on
defining the severity of episodic acidification
events, and verification of predicted future acid-
i fi cati on.
Research on the LIMB Control Technology: The 1988
LIMB program totals $3.5mi 11i on. In addition to
that an inter-
the Depart-
mi 1 1 i on in
to be
programtotals$3.5
EPA's program, it is anticipated
agency agreement will be reached with
ment of Energy for an additional $7.U
1988. The total funding level is expected
sufficient to
demonstrati on
allow the completion
of this technology.
of a full-scale
38
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The President's FY 1988
workyears and $330.0 million
a decrease of 32 workyears
mi 1 1 i on . •> '
budget requests 2,822 total
for management and support,
and an increase of $24.6
Highlights of the 1988 President's Budget for Manage-
ment and Support are as follows:
o Policy and Planning will Continue to Emphasize
Regulatory Review, Risk Assessment and Management:
The budget provides 281 workyears and $24.1 million
to support the Agency's policy ana-lysis efforts.
Particular emphasis will be placed on studies to
evaluate the economic impact of EPA's regulations,
analysis of risk management across Agency programs
and the expansion of the Agency's knowledge in
the area of economic benefits. Systems developed
to track management outputs will continue to be
given priority as well.
Legal Support for Agency Priorities: The
3. workyears for legal support
workyears and $11.2 million to p
and assistance to Agency managers
reflects a streamlining of p
program will continue to
decreases by
total of 219
legal advice
workyear decrease
operations. The
legal consistency in policies and decision-
throughout the Agency. In addition, this -p
defends the Agency in all litigation filed a
it.
budget
to a
rovide
. The
rogram
assure
maki ng
rogram
gai nst
Better Relations with Congress, the Public, State
and Local Governments, and Other Federal AgencieTT
The budget provides 131 workyears and $7.0 million
for the Office of External Affairs. This is a de-
crease of' one workyear and an increase of $.1
million. This office includes five Agency outreach
functions.
39
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Continued Implementation of the Waste, Fraud, and
Abuse Prevention Program: The budget provides 22U
ion to support the Office
This is a decrease of
General wi 1 1 conti nue
as wel 1 as- conti nue
efforts within
workyears and $15.0 mi
of the Inspector General
3 workyears. The Inspector
its fraud prevention program
existing audit and investigative
the Agency.
Continued Administrative and Financial Management
Services to the Programs: The budget provides 1,370
workyears and $59.8 million for Headquarters and
Regional components of the Uffice of Administration
and Resources Management. This is a decrease of 17
workyears and an increase of $1.4 million over 1987.
The reduction in workyears reflects efforts to
streamline the Agency's administrative overhead
functions and improve the efficiency of adminis-
trative service delivery. The Office of Adminis-
tration and Resources Management will build on
progress already achieved in assuring a strong
system of financial internal controls, integrating
financial management systems in accordance with
Circular A-127, placing greater emphasis on achiev-
ing significant productivity improvements, and
ensuring sufficient administrative support to
Agency programs.
Increased Agencywide Services: The budget contains
$174.3 million forsupportservices, an increase
of $20.8 million over 1987. These resources will
provide for cost increases for general support
services such as rent, utilities, maintenance,
laboratory support, postage and supplies to all
Agency programs.
Address Critical Repairs and In-House Environmental
Compliance:
Buildings and
funds wi11
The budget contains $6.0 million for
Facilities. Repair and Improvement
be used to address critical repairs
-------
related to employee health and safety, required
alterations, and maintenance and energy conservation
efforts. The Agency will emphasize projects to
briny EPA facilities into compliance with environ-
mental regulations. In addition, the Administration
is proposing a $2.5 million rescission in the
Buildings and Facilities Appropriation for 1987.
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SUFERFUND
43
-------
SUPERFUND/LJUST
2801
(WORKYEARS)
FY198t
ACTUALS
FY1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
nrwaa
$1604
($ MILLIONS)
FT 1986
ACTUALS
FY1M7
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
FY1W
ESTtKATC
-------
SUPERFUND AND LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The basic authority under which the Agency addresses
threats from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites is the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) as amended by the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(SARA). SARA, which became effective October 17, 1986,
also establishes a new Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund to address serious environmental problems
caused by leaking petroleum tanks. Superfund is financed
primarily by special taxes on industry and general
revenues, while the Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
receives its revenues from a gasoline tax.
The new statute significantly broadens Superfund
authorities in key response, enforcement, and research
areas. It establishes cleanup standards and mandatory
schedules to ensure rapid and permanent solutions in
cleaning up the nation's worst hazardous waste sites.
It expands State and public participation in the cleanup
process and ensures that response actions at Federal
faci1ities are addressed in a timely fashion. It sets
up a new community planning and emergency right-to-knpw
program.
In carrying out its mandate to protect public
health and the environment from emergency and long-term
threats from uncontrolled hazardous wastes, EPA will
provide direct Federal site cleanup or will initiate
enforcement actions to compel responsible parties to
clean up. When direct Federal action occurs, EPA will
seek to recover the cleanup costs from those responsible.
The President's 1988 budget for Superfund represents
a significant commitment to eliminate the health and
environmental problems caused by inadequate waste dis-
45
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posal practices of the past.
Agency with a $1,578.6 million
workyears.
The budget provides the
plan supported by 2,716
This plan consists of $1,200.0 million in new
authority and $378.6 million in prior year funds still
available. The plan represents an increase of $455.5
million and 300 workyears over 1987 operating levels and
reflects the aggressive effort made to regain momentum
after the 1986 slowdown. This request also includes
funding for Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know activities.
Highlights
as follows:
of the President's Budget for 1988 are
EPA will Significantly Expand the Number of Site
Designs and Constructions in 1988:
questing $1,186.1million supported
workyears for site response. This
increase of $361.2 million (+44 percent)
total workyears (+16 percent).
EPA is re-
by 1,042 total
represents an
and 143
Over half of this funding will support the 60
remedial designs and 50 constructions which EPA
plans to initiate in 1988. However, the total
cleanup program managed by the Agency is signifi-
cantly higher as responsible parties and other
Federal agencies begin to play a more significant
role in these final cleanup phases. They are ex-
pected to initiate an additional 51 designs and 31
constructions in 1988. Together this represents a
66 percent increase in designs and a 125 percent
increase in constructions over 1987 levels.
The Agency also intends to implement site planning
work at 100 sites for eventual Fund-financed clean-
up efforts. Responsible parties and other Federal
agencies are expected to start planning activities
-------
at an additional 87 sites. By the end of 1988,
planning work will have been initiated at over 85U
National Priorities List sites.
EPA Will Continue to Strengthen its Emergency
Response Capabilities and Encourage Community
Preparedness Activities: The Agency wi 11 con ti n u e
an aggressive removal program providing short-term
emergency cleanup actions. Expanded removal auth-
orities in the new statute are expected to provide
more extensive cleanups. Removals will be consis-
tent with future remedial actions at those sites
where additional cleanup measures will be required.
Finally, the Agency will implement the new emergency
planning activities to assist communities in pre-
paring for accidental releases of toxic chemicals.
Enforcement Activities Increase To Support Expanded
Reauthorization Requirements;
-The Agency is re-
supported by 978 workyears,
million {+25 percent) and
for enforcement activi-
questing $121 million
an increase of $23.3
122 workyears (+14 percent)
ties. Resource increases requested directly support
new provisions in SARA designed to strengthen the
enforcement process and encourage settlements by
responsible parties.- Increases also support an
accelerated Federal Facility response program re-
quired under the new statute.
During 1988, the Agency expects to initiate 26
cases to compel responsible parties to undertake
cleanup actions directly and 46 cases to recover
Trust Fund monies where a Federal response action
.has occurred. In total, this represents an increase
of 26 cases, or 57 percent over the 1987 caseload.
This also reflects the Agency's serious commitment
to maintaining a vigorous enforcement effort.
To provide greater deterrence, continued support is
required for case development and ongoing cases, as
well as for criminal investigations. In 1988,
EPA will "support 147 unresolved cases previously
referred to the Department of Justice, a 21 percent
i ncrease over 1987.
47
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Other Federal Agencies will Continue to Provide
Support for EPA's Implementation of SARA;EPA
is requesting $94.1
ayencies, an increase
Over 70 percent of
targeted to support
million for other F e d e ra 1
of $30.7 million from 1987.
the interagency budget is
the significantly expanded
health authorities under SARA. These activities
are primarily conducted by the Department of Health
and Human Services. The Department of Justice also
receives greater resources to support its larger
caseload adequately.
o The Research and Development Program will be
Significantly Expanded; The Agency rs Superfund
research program will provide increased technical
support to the Regions conducting site cleanups
and enforcement actions. In addition, newly author-
ized health effects, technology evaluation, and
technology transfer activities will be undertaken.
A key feature of the 1988 program will be a large-
scale demonstration to field test and evaluate
commercially developed cleanup technologies at
Superfund sites.
o EPA Plans Enhanced Administrative Support, Financial
ffanagement, Lega1 Counsel, and Management Ana1y^~
sis: A total of 491 wo r kyea r s and $96.8 m i1 lion is
requested for administrative and management services
to support the Superfund program. The Agency will
emphasize the award and monitoring of an increasing
number of Superfund contracts and grants, recruit-
ment for Superfund employees, development of pro-
perty management procedures for Superfund contracts,
and meeting the program's demand for new and revised
information systems. The Agency will also continue
to implement improvements in financial documentation
procedures for cost recovery cases.
The Leaking Underground Storage Tank Program is
expected to move into the implementation phase in 1988.
No additional funding authority is requested as an esti-
48
-------
mated $25 million in carryover funds from 1987 are
expected to support the initial phases of this program
adequately. Eighty-five workyears are provided to
achieve the goals of the program.
With policies, delegations, and model cooperative
agreements largely developed during 1987, the primary
focus in 1988 will shift to program implementation.
Under cooperative agreements, States will ensure that
tank owners and operators comply with corrective action
requirements. In some cases, States may directly undertake
these actions themselves. EPA will provide oversight and
technical assistance to State efforts, and may directly
respond in a very limited number of serious cases.
49
-------
a:
vr
o
0<
cr
oo or
212
SI
"~O{/>
ouj
50
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
51
-------
UJ
o
I
o
o
CL
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS SUMMARY
The Administration will submit a major new proposal
totaling $12 billion throuyh 1993. Once the proposal is
enacted, the Agency will submit i a supplemental budget
request for 1987 totaling $800 million as well as an
overall request for 1988 totaling $2.0 billion.
o Transition to State and Local Control:
vi sed proposal wi 11 target 1imi ted
through both grants and revolving loans
ronmentally significant projects and
States with the means to become financially
sufficient once Federal funding is terminated
1994. The proposal is a responsible and cost-
effective way of completing the ongoing transfer of
responsibility for this program to the States.
The re-
Federal funds
to envi-
provi de
self-
i n
In addition, the following major program
will continue:
acti vi ti es
Protecting the Federal Investment:
The Agency wi11
cost-effect i ve
continue to emphasize the need for
treatment works that meet their permit requirements.
The Agency will continue to focus heavily on effec-
tive State management of ongoing grants and com-
pleted projects in order to prevent waste, fraud,
and abuse. The Agency will also continue to conduct
intensive reviews of propo-sed high cost advanced
treatment projects.
Grantees must continue to demonstrate that they
have selected the most cost-effective construc-
tion alternative. For projects greater than $10
million, grantees must provide value engineering
reviews to identify unnecessarily high costs. In
addition, emphasis will continue on requiring
grantees to demonstrate that they have revenue
systems in place adequate to operate, maintain,
and replace treatment works without relying on
53
-------
I
additional Federal dollars. Engineering firms are
also now required to oversee a project's first year
of operation to help ensure that it meets design
and permit specifications, thus strenytheniny the
Ayency's efforts to improve the national rate of
municipal compliance.
Conti nu iny Basic Const ruct 1 on A c t i jn' t ij5 s : The
Agency will conti nue to emphasi zeexpediti o u s1y
completing and closing out ongoing projects. A
total of 800 completions and 1,100 closeouts are
expected during the year. The Agency will also
provide funding for the Corps of Engineers inter-
agency agreement at the same level as 1987.
if-:
54
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
/
55
-------
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1821
1866
1844
(WORKYEARS)
nrwsa
ACTUALS
FY1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
FY1M8
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
$320
$345
$354
($ MIUJONS)
FY1986
ACTUALS
FY1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
FYWB8
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
56
-------
S
9
!m
^'
«i
-------
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY
The Agency's 1988 research program will continue to
support the development and implementation of regula-
tions required by statute, while expanding into areas
where environmental problems have recently been identi-
fied. New issues are focused primarily in air, Super-
fund, and biotechnology and include problems for which
the risks have not yet been fully assessed and workable
controls have not been identified. The 1988 research
program will continue to strengthen the Agency's capa-
city to better understand the health and environmental
risks of these emerging problems and to develop appro-
priate regulatory responses.
To identify and reduce hazards to human health and
the environment, the EPA research program in 1988 will
emphasize research in the following four areas:
o
o
Understanding the causes and effects of acid rain;
Providing tne information necessary
the clean-up of Superfund sites;
to accelerate
o Providing the scientific data needed to implement
the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986; and
o Improving our understanding of new air pollution
problems including municipal waste incineration,
indoor air pollution, and global warming.
1988 Research Resources
The 1988 President's Budget for EPA's Research and
Development program, including Superfund and Leaking
Underground Storage Tank research, totals $354.3 million
and 1,844 workyears. These resources represent an in-
crease of $9.1 million and a reduction of 22 workyears.
58
-------
\7
Resources associated with the research and develop-
ment appropriation wi 11 ^be reduced by $12.5 million to
a total of $190.0 million, a reduction of 6 percent
below 1987. However, resources for research from the
reauthorized Superfund Trust Fund will increase by $20.1
million to a total of $59.1 million, an increase of 52
percent.
Within the context of government-wide resource con-
straints for 1988, the reductions to our non-Superfund
research program reflect the Agency's intent to phase
out research that has yielded sufficient information to
support well-established regulatory programs.
Continued Emphasis on the Causes and Effects of
Acid Rain and Implementation of the Special Envoys
Recommendations. The 1988 Acid Rain research program
will continue to work toward providing accurate and re-
liable scientific information upon which mitigation
decisions can be based. Activities will support the
Lewis/Davis Special Envoys Report on Acid Rain by pro-
viding technical input to the selection of clean coal
technologies to be demonstrated by the Department of
Energy, maintaining an ongoing information exchange with
Canada, and implementing research essential to resolve
transboundary Acid Rain issues.
In 1988, EPA's Acid Rain program will be funded at
a level of $55.3 million. In 1988, particular emphasis
will be placed on the development and evaluation of
atmospheric models to enable policymakers to predict
changes in deposition levels resulting from emission
reductions at various sources. In addition, EPA will
expand its work on the aquatic effects of acid rain,
and will conduct expanded research on the effects of
acid rain on forests.
59
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Providing the information necessary to contain and
c 1 e_an__up S up e r f und sites. The Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986 significantly expanded the
role of EPA's research program as part of the federal
effort to clean up the nation's abandoned hazardous
waste sites. The 1988 research program will assist
EPA's regional offices in the clean-up effort by pro-
viding on-site health and environmental risk assess-
ment support and guidance on suitable monitoring and
clean-up technologies. In addition, a program to eval-
uate demonstrations of commercially developed remedial
technologies at actual Superfund sites will be under-
taken .
Providing the scientific data needed to implement
the SaTe Drinking Uater Act Amendments (SDUA) of 1986.
The DrinkingWaterresearchprogramwTTIcontinueFo
develop scientific and technical information to support
implementation of the new SDWA. In 1988, emphasis will
be placed on providing additional control technology
information on the effectiveness of removal technologies
as well as health effects data to determine risks from
exposure to contaminants. In addition, the' program will
support monitoring, groundwater, and risk assessment
acti vi ti es.
Im p r o v i n g o u r understanding of new and com p1e x air
pol 1 u t ion p robi ems. New scientific e v i d e nee indie a t e s
that potential environmental problems resulting from'
stratospheric ozone depletion, emissions from municipal
waste incineration, and indoor air pollution warrant
further study. In addition, international monitoring
data indicate a trend toward global warming with poten-
health and ecological impacts world-
the Agency's air research program will
to assess the causes of these problems
tially serious
wide. In 1988
conduct studies
and evaluate
ti ons.
possible regulatory and technoloyical solu-
60
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Resources are distributed by medium as follows:
Research Program
1988 Research Budget-
$(M)
Change from 1987
Ai r
Water
Drinking Water
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides
Radi ation
Interdi sci pi i nary
Toxic Substances
Energy/Acid Rain
Superfund/LUST
Management /Support
6b.i>
24.7
23.9
45.2
13.2
1.4
22.9
29.0
58.9
59.8
9.8
$354.3
+ 2.4
+0.3
-U.I
-5.3
+0.7
-1.3
-5.U
-2.1
-0.7
+20.1
+0.1
+9.1
Below is a discussion of areas of major
emphasis and significant changes in 1988.
research
Air Research: An overall increase of $2.4 million
wTTTsupport expansion of initiatives begun in 1987
to understand the causes and effects of global cli-
mate change, and the potential health implications
of municipal waste incineration. Additional re-
sources will also support new initiatives to study
the effects of ozone on forests, and provide for
EPA's participation in the next National Health and
Nutrition Survey, a multi-year interagency .effort
to track the status of the nation's environmental
health. The indoor air research program will focus
on source characterization and health effects.
61
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Water Research; In 1988, the water quality research
proyram willcontinue to provide research to help
States develop water quality standards and to con-
duct use-attainability analyses.
The increase of $0.3 million in 1988 will be provided
for the environmental processes and effects proyram
to support research on wetlands and near coastal
waters. The Great Lakes research proyram will be
maintained at the. 1987 level.
Uri nki ng Water Research: In 1988, the drinkiny
water proyram will continue to provide the scien-
tific and technical data needed to implement the
Safe Drinking Water Act in the areas of contaminant
occurrence and health effects, monitoring, control
technology and the protection of groundwater re-
sources .
Hazardous Haste Research: In 1988, the hazardous
waste research program will continue to provide the
technical data needed to implement and enforce the
Agency's hazardous waste program, with particular
emphasis on the program to ban wastes from land
disposal. Studies begun in 1987 to characterize
emissions from municipal waste incinerators will be
conti nued.
Overall, hazardous waste research will decrease by
$5.3 million, reflecting the elimination of funding
for an outside research center and a reduction of
research on land disposal technologies consistent
with new regulatory requirements emphasizing alter-
natives to land disposal.
Pesticides Research: In 1988, increased emphasis
wi11be placed on research efforts that will provide
a better understanding of the health and environ-
mental impacts of genetically engineered pesticides.
An increase of $0.7 million will be provided for
research focused on the products of biotechnology.
62
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Research on the effects of pesticide use on
groundwater will also continue in 1988, as well as
as research support for pesticides registration
and .enforcement activities.
Radiation Research:
t In 1988, the radiation research
conti nue to conduct demonstrations of
•reduce exposure from radon yas in
The program will also con-
program wi 11
techniques to
residential structures. ,_._„._
tinue to provide comprehensive radiological monitor-
iny services to meet specific Department of Energy
requirements for its nuclear testing programs,
especially at the Nevada test site.
Interdisciplinary Research: In 1988, the interdisci-
plinary research programwill continue to support
basic, long-term research. An overall reduction of
$5.0 million is due primarily to a reduction in the
Grants and Centers program and elimination of Aca-
demic Training Grants. The prograjn will continue
to conduct technology transfer activities and main-
tain the Agency's Quality Assurance program. Em-
phasis will also be placed on risk assessment guide-
'lines for complex mixtures, continuation of the Risk
Assessment Forum, and implementation of the Inte-
grated Risk Information System.
Toxic Substances Research
In
^ 1988, the Agency
wi11 emphasi ze the development of methodologies
to determine the health and environmental hazards
associated with chemicals in the environment. Engi-
neering efforts will focus on development and eval-
uation of release and control methods for new and
existing chemicals, including asbestos and other
fibers.
The overall reduction of $2.1 million in this pro-
gram reflects the phase-down of research in areas
where the Agency has an extensive knowledge base.
L
63
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Energy Research; In 1988, EPA's research on acid
rain wi 11beFunded at $55.3 million, essentially
the same level as in 1987, Work will continue on
the development and evaluation of atmospheric models
and accelerated research on aquatic effects and
materials damage. t EPA will also provide input to
the Department of E'nergy demonstration on Clean Coal
technologies and maintain an information exchange
with Canada.
The engineering research program will be completing
a commercial demonstration of the limestone injec-
tion multistage burner (LIMB) control technology.
The final stages of this project are expected to
result in the completion of the commercial demon-
stration of LIMB on a wall-fired utility boiler.
Superfund/LUST Research: In 1988 research in
s u p p o r t o fthe Superfund and Leaking Underground
Storage Tank (LUST) program will increase by $20.1
million. The increase reflects a major expansion
of the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) program (+$9.6 million) to field test commer-
cially developed cleanup technologies at Superfund
sites, and the renovation of the Agency's Edison,
New Jersey .laboratory to accommodate pilot-scale
testing and evaluation of these technologies (+$5.6
mi 11 ion).
In addition, a new health research program esta-
blished in 1987 will increase by $3.4 million to
provide for additional health and risk assessment
support for the Super'fund program.
The Superfund amendments also created a new Trust
Fund to assist the States in cleaning up chemical
leaks from underground storage tanks. The 1988
research program will include studies to evaluate
monitoring and clean-up technologies to assist the
States in implementing the Trust Fund.
64
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STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
65
.
-------
o
o
o
a: s
8
66
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
The President's 1988 budget allocates $295.7 million
to support
increase of
State and local environmental
$9.5 million from 1987.
programs, an
Recognizing the important role these grant programs
play in maintaining and improving environmental quality
in the States, the President's Budget for 1988 continues
to maintain the commitment for these essential programs
while addressing necessary fiscal constraints throughout
the Federal government.
o Addressing Critical Areas of Concern
provide sufficient
problems in the St
vi des fundi ng for
gram as well as
Certification and
w.i 11 enable EPA to
under the Safe Dri
States in making
ongoi ng certi fi cat
In order to
support for major environmental
ates, the President's budget pro-
the new Wellhead Protection pro-
the Pesticides
These increases
an increase for
Training program.
fulfill important new requirements
nking Water Amendments and assist
necessary improvements to their
ion and training programs.
Maintaining the State-Federal Partnership;
President^BLI d getf ul ly recognizes the need
maintain and, where appropriate, improve
partnership that has developed over the years.
funding levels proposed for 1988 recognize that
continued support of the States is necessary if
are to meet our statutory environmental yoals and
also address the pressing national need to control
Federal expenditures.
The
to
the
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the
we
L
67
-------
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68
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APPENDIX: BUDGET TABLES
I
69
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF AGENCY RESOURCES
BY MEDIA
(WORKYEARS)
MEDIA
AIR
WATER QUALITY
DRINKING WATER
HAZARDOUS WASTE
PESTICIDES
RADIATION
INTERDISCIPLINARY
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
REIMBURSEMENTS
SUBTOTAL OPERATING PROGRAMS
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
RESPONSE TRUST FUND
LEAKING UNDERGROUND
STORAGE TANK
TRUST FUND
SUBTOTAL SUPERFUND & LUST
GRAND TOTAL
FY 1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1,775.0
2,177.0
758.0
1,481.6
812.7
185.2
616.8
856.1
85.6
2,853.7
62.0
11,663.7
2,416.0
85.0
2,501.0
14,164.7
FY 1988
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1,765.7
2,124.6
752.7
1,485.4
818.2
166.7
602.2
839.6
82.6
2,822.0
62.0
11,521.7
. 2,716.0
85.0
2,801.0
14.322.7
1988 - 1987
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
UORKYEARS
-9.3
-52.4
•5.3
+3.8
+5.5
•18.5
-14.6
-16.5
-3.0
-31.7
-142.0
+300.0
0.0
+300.0
+158.0
70
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF AGENCY RESOURCES
BY MEDIA
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
MEDIA
AIR
WATER QUALITY
DRINKING WATER
HAZARDOUS WASTE
PESTICIDES
RADIATION
INTERDISCIPLINARY
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
SUBTOTAL
FERS/PAYRAISE*
SUBTOTAL OPERATING PROGRAMS
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
RESPONSE TRUST FUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
RESPONSE TRUST FUND
CARRYOVER
LEAKING UNDERGROUND
STORAGE TANK
TRUST FUND
LEAKING UNDERGROUND
STORAGE TANK TRUST ,
FUND CARRYOVER
SUBTOTAL SUPERFUND & LUST
;
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
GRAND TOTAL
FY 1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$244,289.1
238,855.6
105,570.9
256.132.8
69,253.9
15,388.9
56,883.1
90,461.9
59,547.4
305,408.4
$1,443,792.0
$1,443,792.0
1,123,108.6
0.0
25,000.0
0.0
$1,148,108.6
2,000,000.0 **
$4,591,900.6
FY 1988
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
$241,047.7
229,442.9
112,311.0
249,375.0
72,929.4
13,428.0
54,608.5
83,091.7
58,866.6
329,983.5
$1,445,084.3
44,000.0
$1,489,084.3
1,200,000.00
378,600.0
0.0
25,000.0
$1,603,600.0
2,000,000.0 **
$5,092,684.3
1988 - 1987
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
DOLLARS
•$3,241.4
-9,412.7
+6,740.1
-8,757.8
+3,675.5
-1,960.9
-2.274.6
-7,370.2
-680.8
+24,575.1
+$1,292.3
+44,000.0
+$45,292.3-
+$76,891.4
+378,600.0
-25,000.0
+25,000.0
+$455,491.4
0.0
+$500,783.7
* FEDERAL EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT SYSTEM (FERS) COSTS UNDISTRIBUTED BY MEDIA
** THE PRESIDENT WILL REQUEST $800 MILLION IN 1987
AND $2.0 BILLION IN 1988 AFTER REAUTHORIZATION
71
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Ltbrarr, Roosn 2404 PM-211-A
40?. M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460 .,
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