Smart Growth at Work:
Project Highlights from
EPA's Ten Regions
Development, Community and
Environment Division
October ]000
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Tame of Contents
Introduction
Smart Growth Projects by Statutory
Program Area
Front cover. The "Envision Utah" initiative engaged
citizens in a democratic process of considering pro's
and con's of various future growth scenarios.
Ultimately, Ulahns chose "Scenario C" (enlarged).
Top left scenario shows what continued dispersed
growth would look like. Bottom right goes a step
further than Scenario C, focusing nearly half of all
new growth in existing urban areas.
(See writeup on page 18.)
/. Alt
- Atlantic Steel Proj ect XL (Region 4)
- Metropolitan Chicago Project XL (Region 5)
- Smog Control in Texas and Oklahoma (Region 6)
//. Water
- Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Initiatives (Region I)
- Jordan Cove Urban Watershed National Project (Region 1)
- New York City Watershed Agreement (Region 2)
- Nitrogen Management Consortium Partnership (Region 4)
- CWSRF Support for Infrastructure and Land Conservation (Region 5)
- CWSRF Support for Watershed Protection/Smart Growth (Region 9)
///. Brownfleld Revitatization
- Converting Old Sites for Modern Uses (Region 1)
- Recycling Land and Buildings (Region 3)
- Partnerships for Revitalization in Kansas City (Region 7)
- From Brownfield to Olympic site (Region 8)
IV. NEPA
- NEPA and Smart Growth (Region 5)
Discretionary Activities That Promote Smart Growth
Capacity Building and Technical Assistance
- Regions 1,6, 8, and 9
Outreach and Information
- Regions 1,2, and?
Research
- Region 3
Prospective on Smart Growth
Regional Smart Growth Contacts
U.S. EPA Headquarters Library
Mai! code 3201
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington DC 20460
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INTRODUCTION
In communities across the nation, there is
a growing movement to improve
development patterns and practices.
Concerned by recurring problems such as loss
of open space, neglected infrastructure,
growing commutes, and disinvestment in
existing communities, many are turning to
smart growth for new solutions. Spurring the
smart growth movement are demographic
shifts, a strong environmental ethic, increased
fiscal concerns, and more nuanced views of
growth. The result is a new demand and a
new opportunity for development that serves
the economy, community, and environment -
for smart growth.
Smart growth recognizes connections
between development and quality of life. It
leverages new growth to improve
communities. In general, smart growth
invests time, attention, and resources in
restoring vitality to center cities and older
suburbs. Compared to prevailing
development patterns since World War II,
smart growth is more town-centered, is transit
and pedestrian oriented, and has a greater mix
of housing, commercial and retail uses. It
also preserves open space and other
environmental amenities. But there is no
"one-size-fits-air solution. The features that
distinguish smart growth in a community
vary from place to place.
Smart Growth Priaciples
1. Mix land uses.
2. - Take advantage of compact building*
3. Create housing opportunities and
choices for a range of household
types, family sizes, and incomes.
4. Create walkable neighborhoods.
5. Foster distinctive, attractive
communities with a strong sense of
place.
6. Preserve open space, farmland*
natural beauty, historic buildings,
and critical environmental areas.
7. Reinvest in and strengthen existing
communities and achieve mote
balanced regional development
8. Provide a variety of transportation
choices.
9. Make development decisions
predictable, fair and cost-effective.
10. Encourage citizen and stakeholder
participation in development
decisions.
Source: Smart Growth Network (see
http://www.smartgrowth.org).
Successful communities do tend to have one
thing in common: a vision of where they want to go based on those things they most value in
their community, and plans for development which reflect these values. Their plans also tend to
reflect certain general principles of smart growth (see box).
EPA supports smart growth principles because they are consistent with our mission of protecting
public health and the environment. Clearly, EPA has an interest in seeing communities succeed
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in their smart growth efforts. In fact, their success could be considered imperative for continued
environmental progress in this country. The past 30 years have been remarkably successful for
the Agency. Focusing on large point sources of pollution, we have made tremendous strides
towards cleaning up the nation's air, water, and land. Now, non-point sources of pollution - such
as urban runoff, and automobile emissions - increasingly threaten environmental quality.
Community development decisions will be key to meeting the emerging environmental
challenges of the 21st century. More walkable, transit-oriented communities can help curtail
future auto emissions. Source water protection through community planning can protect
drinking water from pollution. Policies promoting infill development in blighted areas can
provide capital for clean-up and re-use of brownfield sites.
EPA's role in these actions and decisions is significantly different from our more traditional
regulatory role in environmental protection. Rather than regulator, EPA is a partner to
communities as they pursue smart growth. Specifically, the EPA's partnership role has four
components:
Q Supplying information and outreach;
Q Conducting research and policy development;
Q Improving capacity and tools; and
Q Providing flexibility and integrating smart growth into EPA programs.
EPA's various program and regional offices have ongoing activities in each of these areas. Since
regional managers and staff carry out so many of the Agency's programs, they are uniquely
positioned to integrate smart growth into the Agency's more traditional operations.
Many regional program offices are doing just that. The purpose of this document is to highlight
smart growth innovations already taking place in EPA's 10 regions, focusing on examples of
program implementation with "a smart growth twist." By doing so, we hope to encourage
replication of successful projects and spur further creative integration of smart growth with
program operations.
For quick reference, the document is arranged by broad program areas - air, water, brownfield
efforts, and National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requirements. Discretionary activities
are discussed as well. The document is organized this way to emphasize the point that all of
these program areas and discretionary activities have potential to incorporate smart growth into
their everyday work.
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PROGRAM AREA: AIR
Clean air is one of EPA's top national goals for protecting public health and the
environment. Toward that goal, tighter tailpipe emission standards have
significantly decreased emissions of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), and
nitrogen oxides (NOx), which combine to form smog. Nationwide, between 1970 and
1997, VOC emissions from transportation
emissions dropped 5%. That is good news.
ources have dropped 56% and NOx
However, while per-mile emissions have
fallen, total travel has been rising rapidly, c hallenging our ability to meet future air
quality goals. Auto emissions still account] for 27.2% of VOCs and 29.8% of NOx,
according to EPA's 1997 trends report.
To further reduce emissions, EPA is in
regulations. Under the new, tighter Tier 2
2030, VOCs will decrease by 28% and NOfx will decrease by 76%
2/Sulfur Regulatory Impact Analysis -
cities, with increasing vehicle miles traveled (VMT)
VOC will be needed to meet national air
the process of issuing new (Tier 2) tailpipe
emissions standards, EPA expects that by
6 (source: EPAfa T;
1999). However, in fast growing
i, additional reductions in NOx
quality goals.
Several cities in the United States are currejntly in "nonattainment" status because they
do not meet EPA's air quality standards, ifo help these cities clean their air, EPA's
regional air program offices have found innovative ways to support local efforts to
increase transportation choices and reduce trip distances. The anticipated result is
fewer smog-forming emissions and cleaner air.
Region 4
Atlantic Steel Project - Atlanta.
Georgia
Strategy: Designate the Atlantic Steel
development, a brownfield which will be
redeveloped into a mixed use, pedestrian
friendly, transit-oriented development - a
Transportation Control Measure (TCM)
allowing the development to proceed and
reducing growth in auto travel.
The Atlantic Steel Project promotes smart
growth and urban livability by allowing the
redevelopment of a former steel mill in
midtown Atlanta. The 138-acre site is now
slated to become a pedestrian-friendly
commercial and residential development that
will provide 2,400+ new residences and
nearly 20,000 new jobs. The location and
design elements of the site and its
connection to an existing transit system
work together to combat the auto-oriented
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PROGRAM AREA: AIR
nature of growth in the Atlanta area.
Because Atlanta was out of compliance with
federal transportation conformity
requirements under the Clean Air Act, the
metropolitan area was not allowed to use
federal funds to add to its highway system or
construct transportation projects that require
federal approval. This prohibition extended
to a proposed bridge connecting the
development to existing roads and
highways, and to existing mass transit. EPA
Region 4 used the flexibility of Project XL
to approve the project as a Transportation
Control Measure (TCM) under the Clean Air
Act. Without designation as a TCM,
Atlanta's nonconformity status would have
prevented the construction of the bridge. In
return, the Atlantic Steel project is expected
to lead to reduced future emissions growth
through the use of mass transit, shorter trips
for residents and workers, access to services
within walking or biking distance,
revitalization of an urban community, and
productive reuse of land that was previously
considered a liability.
(See http://www.epa.gov/projectxl/)
Contacts: Tim Torma, Washington, DC
Tel: 202 260-5180
Michelle Glenn, EPA Region 4,
Atlanta, GA
Tel: 404 562-8674
Regions
Metropolitan Chicago Regional Air
Quality & Economic Development
Strategy XL Project
Strategy: Use Clean Air Act to create
incentives for economic development within
existing urbanized area.
Under the Clean Air Act, a new or modified
major source of emissions (such as a
factory) which locates in a non-attainment
area must purchase offsetting emissions
reductions. Offsetting emissions are created
by another business that reduces its
emissions. Currently, in the Chicago non-
attainment area, a business which is a new or
modified major source of emissions must
purchase 1.3 tons of offsets for each 1 ton of
emissions it will generate.
Under this project, the City of Chicago will
create a "bank" of emission reductions
through a variety of activities. The
emissions reductions will be quantified
under a structure approved by the U.S. EPA
and Illinois EPA. Chicago will permanently
retire 40% of the emissions reductions. The
remaining 60% will be available for
businesses which locate in specified
development zones. Businesses which
locate in these zones will use emissions
reductions from the bank in lieu of
purchasing emission offsets.
EPA's role in this project is to designate the
zones which businesses must locate in to be
eligible for use of the bank. Section
173(a)(l)(B) of the Clean Air Act allows the
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EPA Administrator to "...identify a zone to
which economic development should be
targeted. " The project will designate zones
in: 1) low income areas; 2) brownfields; and
3) areas near public transportation. This will
create an incentive for businesses to
redevelop brownfields within the existing
urbanized area or to locate in neighborhoods
which need economic development or are
near public transportation. (See
http://www.epa.gov/projectxl/chicago/index.
htm)
Contact: Tim Torma, Washington, DC
Tel: 202 260-5180
Steve Marquardt, EPA Region 5,
Chicago, IL
Tel: 312 353-3214
PROGRAM AREA: AIR
active approach to address air quality so that
they can meet air quality standards. As part
of its strategy to address air quality
problems, the region is working with the
U.S. Department of Transportation and
states to identify opportunities for light rail
systems, transportation corridors, alterative
fuel buses, and High Occupancy Vehicle
lanes.
Contact: Adele Cardenas, EPA Region 6,
Dallas, TX
Tel: 214 665-7210
Region 6
Smog Control in Texas and
Oklahoma
Strategy: Workpro-actively with cities -
promote transportation summits, transit/air
quality studies - to improve air quality
through better planning and transportation
alternatives.
In 1999, EPA Region 6 hosted
transportation summits challenging
community planners to consider the
relationship between transportation projects
and air quality. Region 6 selected San
Antonio, Texas, for a transit study because
the city is close to reaching non-attainment
levels for smog. Further, Region 6 is
helping cities like Austin, San Antonio,
Corpus Christi, and Tulsa develop a pro-
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PROGRAM AREA: WATER
As point sources of water pollution have been controlled, diffuse non-
point sources become increasingly problematic. Urban runoff is the
leading source of damage to estuaries and the third largest contributor of
pollution to our country's lakes. Smart growth practices can boost watershed
management efforts. By preserving green spaces, reducing impervious surfaces,
and preserving critical environmental areas, we can reduce urban runoff and
more effectively buffer water bodies and other resources. EPA's water
programs can and do affect development patterns. As such, they provide a
unique opportunity to support local smart growth efforts while protecting water
resources.
Region I
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
for Sewer Infrastructure - Maine
Strategy: Use Clean Water State Revolving
Fund to support and create incentives for
comprehensive planning and maintenance of
existing water infrastructure,
Since 1995, Maine has used its Clean Water
State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) to make
loan funds available to single-family home
owners for the repair and upgrade of septic
systems. Under this program, the Maine
Municipal Bond Bank (MMBB) lends
money to the Maine State Housing
Authority (MSHA). The MSHA then makes
1 % loans to homeowners that carry
maximum repayment terms of 20 years. All
repayments received by the MSHA are
remitted to the MMBB and returned to the
CWSRF. The state has provided $1.5
million of $2 million committed to the
program.
The Maine CWSRF is now considering a
proposed "patient loan" program - so called
because the lenient payback schedule implies
patience on the part of the lender. The
proposed program would assist Maine cities
and towns that wish to encourage
development in designated residential growth
areas by offering low-interest loans for
financing sewer extensions to serve those
areas. Extending sewer services to
undeveloped growth areas designated in
local comprehensive plans would serve as a
significant incentive to attract development
to those areas. These designated growth
areas will be relatively high density
(3 residences per acre) for Maine. Patient
loans would offer a graduated or "patient"
payback provision that keeps payments low
at the start of the project. The state
anticipates making $3 million available for
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PROGRAM AREA: WATER
the program.
For more information about the activities of
the Maine State Revolving Fund, see
http://janus.state.me.us/dep/blwq/docgrant/'
srfparag.htm.
Contact:
James Lord, EPA Region 1
Boston, MA
Tel: 617918-1617
Bill Brown, Maine Department of
Environmental Protection
Tel: -207287-7804
John Delvecchio, Maine State
Planning Office {Patient Loan
Contact)
Tel: 207 287-8058
Jordan Cove Urban Watershed
National Project - Waterford.
Connecticut
Strategy: Use grant funding under section
319 of the Clean Water Act to support a
pilot project to evaluate water quality
impacts of traditional growth versus smart
growth.
In this water quality monitoring project,
Section 319 of the Clean Water Act is used
to promote cleaner water and economic
development in Waterford, Connecticut.
The project will compare the quantity and
quality of runoff from traditional versus
more environmentally sensitive
development. The monitoring will be
conducted on an innovative, planned
community in the Jordan Cove watershed in
Waterford. This project is funded in part by
the Connecticut Department of
Environmental Protection (CTDEP) through
EPA's Section 319 National Monitoring
Program.
The 18-acre site is divided into two
neighborhoods: one with building lots
arranged in a traditional half-acre zoning
pattern; the other with cluster housing using a
number of best management practices
(BMPs) for runoff control. Stormwater from
the traditional section is collected by curbs
and catch basins, then piped through a
sediment removal system before entering a
brook. The BMP-oriented neighborhood will
feature grass swales; a vegetated filtration
basin; roof leader "rain gardens"; pervious
driveways, low-mow, no-mow and
conservation zones; and a pervious road with
a central bio-retention garden.
CTDEP is working with the community on
adopting pollution prevention techniques.
The BMP-oriented neighborhood is expected
to generate less Stormwater runoff and
pollution. Monitoring conducted before,
during, and after construction will document
actual results. Post-construction monitoring
will start in 2000 and continue for 3 to 5
years.
Contact: Mel Cote, EPA Region 1
Boston, MA
Tel: 617 918-1553
Stan Zaremba, CTDEP
Hartford, CT
Tel: 860 424-3730
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PROGRAM AREA: WATER
Region 2
New York City Watershed
Agreement
Strategy: Meet Clean Water Act goals by
encouraging innovation and comprehensive
planning that protects drinking water
supplies.
Working with EPA and other partners, New
York City has developed a comprehensive
long-range watershed protection program
that uses a multifaceted strategy to protect
and improve an upstate water supply system
that serves 9 million residents every day.
The program began in 1989 and has evolved
since then. Its success so far has enabled
New York City to receive a long-term EPA
waiver from the federal requirement that it
filter water from its Catskill/Delaware
supply.
A cornerstone of the program is the New
York City Watershed Memorandum of
Agreement (MOA) signed in January 1997
by several key parties: the City of New
York, the State of New York, the U.S. EPA,
the Coalition of Watershed Towns (an
organization representing 34 towns, nine
villages and five counties located west of the
Hudson River), watershed communities, and
non-profit environmental organizations
including the Catskill Center for
Conservation and Development, the Hudson
Riverkeeper, the Trust for Public Land, the
Open Space Institute, and the New York
Public Interest Research Group (NYPIRG).
The result of extensive negotiations, the
MOA is a legally binding document that
specifies the parties' obligations for
protecting the watershed. It has three main
components: environmentally sensitive land
acquisition and stewardship; watershed rules
and regulations; and watershed protection
and partnership programs. A not-for-profit
corporation, the Catskill Watershed
Corporation, was established to develop and
implement several city-funded programs
(see http://cwconline.org/).
To facilitate land acquisition, the State
Department of Environmental Conservation
(DEC) issued a 10-year permit (with a 5-year
renewal option) to enable the city to acquire
control of undeveloped land near reservoirs,
wetlands, and watercourses through outright
purchase or through conservation easements.
Parties to the MOA agreed to withdraw
litigation against the city challenging
proposed regulations or other aspects of the
watershed protection programs. All parties
also agreed to forgo future challenges
contesting steps taken to implement the
agreement. The MOA specifically defines a
process by which new negotiated watershed
regulations are to be submitted for public
review and adopted.
Since the MOA was signed, the City has
purchased over 25,000 acres of watershed
land, approximately 1,000 septic systems
have been remediated or replaced, and the
Watershed Rules and Regulations are being
implemented. In addition, nine upstate
sewage treatment plants owned and operated
by New York City were upgraded ($240
million), city-owned dams and water supplies
in the watershed were rehabilitated ($240
million), and a watershed agricultural
program was implemented ($35 million).
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PROGRAM AREA: WATER
This watershed agricultural program was the
first upstate/downstate collaborative effort to
link water quality protection with an
economic goal.
Contact: Jeff Gratz, EPA Region 2,
New York City, NY
Tel: 212 637-3554
Region 4
Tampa Bay Nitrogen Management
Consortium
2000. Research shows that this reduction
should be sufficient to allow the gradual
recovery of more than 12,000 acres of
underwater seagrasses, which serve as a
natural life support system for the bay.
Contact: Felicia Robinson, EPA Region 4,
Atlanta, GA
Tel: 404562-9371
Richard Eckenrod, Tampa Bay
Estuary Program
{http://www.tbep.org/)
Tel: 727 893-2765
Strategy: Facilitate an innovative
partnership that addresses impacts of
growth on nitrogen management, overall
water quality, and the long-term recovery of
seagrasses.
The Tampa Bay Nitrogen Management
Consortium is an innovative alliance of
government agencies and key industries
concerned about ecosystem health in Tampa
Bay. EPA Region 4 played an important
role in helping to create the Consortium.
Consortium members have developed and
agreed to a Nitrogen Management Plan that
will ensure that the combined amounts of
nitrogen entering the bay from stormwater
runoff, wastewater discharge, smokestack
emissions, and other sources does not
increase in the future - even with anticipated
growth in the region.
As part of the plan, government and industry
partners in the Consortium have made
specific nitrogen management commitments
that collectively will reduce nitrogen loading
to the bay by 140 tons per year by the year
Regions
Clean Water State Revolving Funds
and the Citv of Broadview Heights -
o
Strategy: Use CWSRF loans as an
incentive for smarter growth and
conservation of sensitive lands.
Ohio has used CWSRF loans to support
smart growth in several ways. In one
example, the state CWSRF program
negotiated adoption of growth control
ordinances as a condition of approving
funding.
In another example, the Ohio CWSRF
program negotiated adoption of a smart
growth ordinance with the city of Broadview
Heights. The city-applied for a CWSRF loan
to finance construction of an interceptor
sewer and plant upgrades in order to
eliminate a local package treatment plant.
CWSRF staff discovered that sensitive
riparian stream corridors might be opened to
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PROGRAM AREA: WATER
development as a result of these
improvements. To protect these resources,
the CWSRF convinced the city of
Broadview Heights to pass an ordinance that
would not allow new developments that
eliminated riparian stream corridors to
connect to the interceptor. The CWSRF
loan terms were attractive enough to
encourage the city to pass the ordinance,
rather than seek funding elsewhere.
The Ohio CWSRF has a program feature in
its Intended Use Plan to provide loans to
wastewater treatment entities. The loans
contain additional principal and lower
interest rates. The additional principal is
used to finance projects which restore and/or
protect aquatic resources. The reduced
interest rate is an incentive to municipalities
either to implement such projects, or to
sponsor the implementation of such projects
by other responsible entities such as land
trusts and conservancies.
Contact: Jean Wojcik, EPA Region 5,
Chicago, IL
Tel: 312 886-0174
Bob Monserratt, Ohio EPA
Tel: 614644-3655
California State Water Resources Control
Board to The Nature Conservancy (TNC) to
purchase the Howard Ranch in Sacramento
County. The purchase expanded TNC's
Consumnes River Preserve to 37,000 acres.
The Conservancy's Howard Ranch purchase
is the largest land acquisition ever funded
under the Clean Water Act's State Revolving
Loan Fund. (For more information on
Howard Ranch, see TNC's dedicated Web
site at http://www.howardranch.org/
index_sl.htm).
The purchase counters two threats to the
property and water resources. The first was
its possible conversion to vineyards, which
require deep-ripping of soils and fertilizer
and pesticide applications and often bring
groundwater overdrafts and surface water
diversions. The second threat was the
conversion of this open space to urban uses,
which would result in greatly increased
polluted runoff. The Preserve will protect
critical habitats, open spaces, and water
quality in one of the state's most rapidly
growing areas, the Central Valley.
Contact: Tim Vendlinski, EPA Region 9, San
Francisco, CA
Tel: 415 744-2276
Region 9
Consumnes River Watershed -
California
Strategy: Use CWSRF loans for land
preservation projects which protect water
resources and conserve open space.
EPA funded an $8 million loan from the
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PROGRAM AREA: BROWNFIELDS
BROWNFIEID PROPERTIES
Infill development, compact design, £nd investment in existing communities
are hallmarks of smart growth. As a result, brownfields cleanup and
redevelopment are smart growth activities almost by definition. The
following brownfield revitalization projects in Regions 1,3,7, and 8 are
especially good examples of how brownfield work can contribute to smart
growth. In each example, former brownfield sites are cleaned up with specific
purposes in mind - purposes that serve the transportation, economic,
community, and environmental goals oirthe surrounding community.
Region 1
From Brownfield to Ballpark -
Bridgeport. Connecticut
Strategy: Use an EPA brownfield grant to
support a community's effort to create a GIS
site inventory, then work with the community
to assess and clean up high-priority sites for
uses that boost the economy and quality of
life.
In 1994, EPA awarded a $200,000 grant to
Bridgeport, Connecticut, to create a
Geographic Information Sytem (GIS)
inventory of 205 brownfield sites. Based on
the GIS inventory, the city identified six
high-priority sites for further study. Two of
the sites, Jenkins Valve and Sprague Meter,
were assessed under EPA's brownfields
program. These sites were then cleaned up
and turned into a minor league ballpark,
which opened May 1998. The city was able
to fund the land acquisition, remediation,
and construction through municipal bonds
and private investment.
Contact: Steven Umbrell, EPA Region 1
Tel. 617-918-1690
Regions
Recycling Land and Buildings -
Bethlehem. Pennsylvania
Strategy: Streamline the processes
associated with EPA's involvement in
brownfield projects so that adaptive reuse and
revitalization can proceed as quickly as
possible.
The old Bethlehem Steel plant in Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania, is on its way to becoming a
model for adaptive reuse of a former industrial
site. The site is being transformed into a $450
million multi-use facility that may become the
largest brownfield redevelopment project in
the country. The redevelopment is moving
forward as a result of a cooperative effort
among Bethlehem Steel, various state
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PROGRAM AREA: BROWNFIELDS
agencies, and EPA. EPA Region 3 approved
a voluntary investigation and cleanup plan
for this RCRA corrective action site -
avoiding the traditional need for two consent
orders and saving time and resources.
Region 3 also streamlined cleanup by having
EPA personnel in the field working with
Bethlehem and their consultants to approve
on-site actions. This expedited cleanup plan
replaced the normally lengthy review and
comment process with monthly stakeholder
team meetings. All of these actions resulted
in a less costly, more efficient brownfield
remediation that is good for the environment
and the community.
When redevelopment is completed, the
property will retain the historic industrial
character of the former steel plant. It will
house the National Museum of Industrial
History (an affiliate of the Smithsonian
Institution), a hotel conference center,
restaurants, stores, a movie theater complex,
an incubator for high-tech startup
companies, and a National Hockey League-
affiliated hockey rink. An adjacent 1,600
acres of land are being developed as a
commerce center with distribution,
transportation, manufacturing, and
commercial facilities.
Contact: Paul Gotthold, EPA Region 3,
Philadelphia
Tel: 215 814-3410
Region?
Kansas Citv Brownfield Showcase
Community
Strategy: Work with brownfield showcase
community to develop innovative
public/private and local/state/federal
partnerships and leverage resources to clean
up and redevelop brownfields in the
metropolitan area.
Kansas City, Missouri, and Kansas City,
Kansas, were jointly designated as one of 16
Brownfield Showcase Communities in
September 1998. As a Showcase Community,
Kansas City has been able to expand on its
earlier Brownfield Assessment Pilot activities.
The city began establishing greater
partnerships with other federal agencies, the
states, community members, and key
stakeholders to address the many brownfield
issues in the metropolitan area. So far, the
project has leveraged over $9.7 million dollars
in federal and state funds. Partners include
several federal agencies, the states of Missouri
and Kansas, and local community members
committed to revitalizing urban
neighborhoods through reuse of brownfield
properties. EPA's role is primarily to provide
special technical, financial, and other
assistance to the Showcase Community.
In addition to ongoing assessment and
redevelopment activities on individual
brownfield properties, work has begun on an
area-wide assessment of the entire Blue River
Valley. The intent is to facilitate cleanup and
reuse of business properties across the area.
Using EPA provided pilot funding, the
Showcase Community is offering technical
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U.S. EPA Headquarters Library
Mail code 3201
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington DC 20460
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PROGRAM AREA: BROWNFIELDS
support and leadership in the development
of the River front Heritage trail, a bi-state
bike/trail network that links the two Kansas
City metropolitan areas together and passes
near many brownfield sites. Also, it is
actively working to increase outreach and
community involvement in the planning and
reuse of brownfield sites. Kansas City is a
national model demonstrating the benefits of
a focused, coordinated effort to address
brownfields.
Contact: Debi Morey, EPA Region 7
Tel. 913551-7593.
The Gateway district has many transportation
features: numerous railroad tracks, two
railroad depots, and several Interstate 80 off-
ramps that bypass the district. Salt Lake City
has successfully negotiated with the railroad
company to eliminate miles of unused track,
making the district safer and more inviting.
The city negotiated for three 1-80 off-ramps to
be shortened so that the Gateway district will
be accessible from the highway. An
intermodal transportation hub is planned for
the middle of the district. The hub is intended
to house light rail, commuter rail, train station,
and a bus terminal.
Regions
Salt Lake City's Gateway District
Strategy: Find ways to link brownfield
redevelopment projects and transportation
improvement; establish models for doing so.
Salt Lake City's Gateway District, another
Brownfield Showcase Community, is a
former industrial center impacted by
abandoned sites and changing transportation
networks. Efforts are underway to clean up
and revitalize the Gateway District with
mixed-use development as well as support
facilities for the 2002 Winter Olympics.
EPA has supported Salt Lake City's efforts
to revitalize the Gateway District and
generally address brownfield situations more
effectively. EPA has provided
environmental funding, in-kind services, and
technical assistance, and has helped the city
implement its plan for the Gateway District
more effectively.
When Salt Lake City hosts the 2002 Winter
Olympics, the Gateway District and the rest of
Salt Lake City will receive worldwide media
exposure. The media are expected to be
housed in the Gateway District, and certain ice
skating events will be held there. Salt Lake
City's revitalization efforts for the district
include a $250,000,000 to $375,000,000
privately funded mixed use development that
is currently under construction adjacent to one
of the district train depots. This smart-growth
development will include retail shops,
community arts and entertainment facilities,
combined with mixed income housing for
bringing people close to where they work and
shop. For more information on the project,
see:
(http://www.epa.gov/region08/land_waste/
bmome/bfpilots/bfslcga/bfslcga.html)
Contact: Luke Chavez, EPA Region 8,
Salt Lake City, UT
Tel: 303 312-6512
Stephanie Wallace, Redevelopment
Agency of Salt Lake City
Tel: 801 535-7250
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PROGRAM AREA: NEPA
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires federal agencies
to determine the environmental impacts of federal actions. NEPA
analyses include direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts to air, water,
and land. NEPA also requires consideration of alternative project designs,
and/or alternative actions, as may be needed to reduce impacts. As local and
state concerns about growth have risen, EPA regions have been asked to do
more comprehensive analysis of indirect and cumulative impacts. As a result of
more analysis and better understanding of impacts, some projects are
considering new alternatives, while others have adopted strategies to mitigate
unintended growth consequences.
Regions
US-12 Highway Expansion -
Wisconsin
Strategy: Consider secondary impacts such
as unplanned development in NEPA review;
take measures to prevent indirect impacts.
Secondary impact mitigation may become
more common for federally funded or
regionally significant development projects
that are subject to NEPA review. For
example, upgrades to the US-12 corridor
from Middleton through Sauk City in
Wisconsin have been controversial for
several years. Although the upgrades would
pose a generally moderate level of direct
impacts, opponents to widening the highway
from two to four lanes have argued indirect
impacts of the upgrade would encourage
urban sprawl, consume farmland, and
threaten the Baraboo Hills, a National
Natural Landmark.
According to the Council on Environmental
Quality, growth-inducing effects (sprawl,
farmland conversion, or loss of open space)
from development projects are considered to
be indirect impacts. In the case of the US-
12 corridor expansion, public concern over
the increased development as a result of
highway expansion was high. Ultimately,
the US-12 expansion project was approved.
However, several key stakeholders (FHWA,
the U.S. Department of the Interior, State of
Wisconsin) agreed to use Purchase of
Development Rights (PDRs) and related
strategies to protect nearby sensitive lands.
Contact: Michael MacMullen, EPA Region 5,
Chicago, IL
Tel: 312 886-7342
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DISCRETIONARY ACTIVITIES
mm^^^^^mm
E
DISCRETIONARY ACTIVITIES
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M^^^^^^^HNPIP^^B^^H
PA plays four major roles in sm^fft growth:
1) Technical assistance and capacity building;
2) Research; :
3) Outreach and supplying information;
4) Integration of smart growth into EPA programs.
i
So far this report has concentrated on tjie fourth category, integrating smart
growth into EPA's statutory programs. However, EPA regions have also done a
great deal of work in the areas of information sharing, research, and capacity
building. Regions that have comprehensive smart growth initiatives have
invariably combined aspects of all these approaches (see EPA Region 1 Livable
Communities Action Plan). Regions hive sponsored conferences, given grant
provided technical assistance supportir g smart growth in too many projects to
list here. The projects highlighted bek w were selected with the intent of
suggesting the wide range of regional projects that promote smart growth
through discretionary activities.
Region 1
Vermont Forum on Sprawl
Project to Support Best Development
Practices.
The primary objective of this project is to
help towns in Vermont understand how they
can expedite local regulatory review for
development projects that adhere to smart
growth principles. The secondary objective
is for the project to serve as an educational
tool for officials, citizens, and planners around
the state. EPA Region 1 funded this project
through their Regional Livable Communities
Grant Program.
This project will result in development that
protects environmental quality and more
closely reflects the kind of communities
Vermonters say they want. These practices
will be incorporated into a handbook that can
be used by municipal officials to evaluate
development proposals. It also can be used by
developers looking to build projects that
incorporate smart growth principles, such as
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DISCRETIONARY ACTIVITIES
compact pedestrian and transit-oriented
development, infill projects, protection of
open space and agricultural land,
development located near available water
and sewer services, accessible public
outdoor space, rehabilitation of historic
structures, and development near
employment centers.
Contact: Lee Steppacher, EPA Region 1,
Boston, MA
Tel: 617918-1607
Elizabeth Humstone, The Vermont
Forum on Sprawl, 110 Main Street,
Burlington, VT 05401
Tel: 802864-6310.
sprawlvt@together.net;
www.vtsprawl.org
Regions
New Development Controls - Flower
Mound. Texas
Encourage and recognize better town
planning, and provide technical assistance.
During the 1990s, the North Texas town of
Flower Mound (population 50,000)
experienced a 206% growth rate. This jump
in population prompted town leaders to
adopt a smart growth plan that includes an
update of the master plan, a temporary
moratorium on new residential development,
and amendments to the building code to
prevent stockpiling of anticipated building
permits. Changes included:
Zoning Thresholds to limit the
effects of proposed new development
on existing infrastructure, open space
and habitat;
Region 1 Livable Communities
Action Plan: Four Key Elements
1. Strengthening Local Capacity
- Developing Training
Programs and holding
"Regional Growth Forums"
Coordinating mechanisms
for financial assistance for
local organizations
2. Reshaping EPA Policies and
Programs
- Brownfields and Urban
Environmental Initiative /
- NEP A and Clean Water A&
Section 404
- Voluntary SIP credits for
land stewardship and
transportation demand
management
Gaining an early seat at the
table in the MPO
transportation Planning
Process
3. Building Effective Partnerships
- New England Smart Growth
Partnership
- Federal Smart Growth
Agreement
- Private Sector Outreach
4. Elevating Public Awareness
Editorial Board Meetings
with Major Media
Organizations
17
U-S-EP£,HfadquartersLJbrary
19nno Mal code 3201 y
12°0 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington DC 20460
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DISCRETIONARY ACTIVITIES
A new commission to conduct
annual reviews of the municipal
plan's overall effectiveness and
determine whether the plan is
achieving its objectives.
The town recently received a special
recognition award from the EPA Region 6
Water Quality Division for its contribution
to livability and environmental quality.
Region 6 will provide technical assistance to
help implement portions of the plan
pertaining to open space and habitat
protection, and with regard to household
wastewater treatment for residences in
peripheral areas.
Contact: Bobby Hernandez, EPA Region 6,
Dallas, TX
Tel: 214665-7234.
Regions
Envision Utah
Support public/private partnership to
involve citizens in democratic process of
selecting a preferred growth scenario and
developing an implementation strategy.
In 1996, Utah's unprecedented growth
spurred the emergence of a public/private
partnership initiative called Envision Utah.
This nonpartisan partnership consists of
business leaders, state and local government
officials, developers, conservationists,
landowners, academicians, church groups,
and other citizens. Its purpose is to guide
citizens through a democratic process of
imagining possible growth scenarios,
choosing a growth scenario they prefer, and
developing a strategy for growth management
and land use policies based on a shared vision,
or "Preferred Growth Scenario." In the
process, the partnership has conducted public
meetings and surveys to generate data on
demographic, economic, and environmental
conditions in the Wasatch Front, where nearly
80 percent of Utah's population resides.
The Envision Utah process has good potential
to be adopted or adapted by other localities in
that it builds on a broad-based, grass roots
alliance. For this reason, EPA has awarded
grants to support both the visioning and the
strategy and implementation phases of the
project. The Agency has also participated in
Envision Utah workshops that target macro
level issues like "where to grow" or "how to
grow" as well as micro level issues like
community options for local residents. For
more information on this project, see
http://www.envisionutah.org
Contact: Dean Gillam, EPA Region 8.
Denver, CO
Tel: 303312-6432
Reglon9
Southern Nevada Regional Planning
Coalition
Use grant funding to support enhanced
planning tools to analyze growth impacts.
Under this grant, staff at the Clark County
Dept. of Comprehensive Planning (under the
direction of the Southern Nevada Regional
Planning Coalition) will coordinate their
regional planning tools (TransCad and the
STEP analysis model) to better analyze
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DISCRETIONARY ACTIVITIES
medium-scale and parcel level changes in
land use and their effects on transportation
and air quality. They will also examine
potential urban infill projects for Las Vegas
and develop a regional trails master plan.
Parallel to this project, the same staff will be
using EPA's Smart Growth INDEX model
to look at the impacts of various
development scenarios in Las Vegas.
Contact: Nova Blazej, EPA Region 9,
San Francisco, CA
Tel: 415 744-2089.
also lead to improved air and water quality.
The State Planning Office will develop an
educational program to encourage developers
and municipalities to take advantage of this
demand.
Contact: Rosemary Monahan, EPA Region 1,
Boston, MA
Tel: 617 918-1087
John DelVecchio, Maine Office of
State Planning
Tel: 207287-3261.
John.DelVecchio@State.ME.US
Region 1
Home Town Maine
Support State Planning Office Education
Campaign to Stem Sprawl and Restore
Neigh bor hoods.
This project, supported by the Region 1
Livable Communities Grant Program, is an
educational program to encourage
development that better protects the quality
and health of the state's cities and towns.
The project is an out-growth of a survey last
summer by the Maine State Planning Office,
showing a pent-up demand in Maine for
alternatives to traditional subdivisions. The
survey of 600 recent homebuyers showed
there is a significant market for what is
being called "The Great American
Neighborhood" - quiet, tree-shaded villages
with such features as narrow streets, small
lots, shallow setbacks, and stores within
walking distance. These design features, as
compared to traditional development feature,
Region 2
Puerto Rico's Road to Smart Growth
Support local effort to gather land-use
information for decision makers and
communities.
With a grant from EPA, this project will
gather and transfer information to educate
communities, government, and other
constituencies about land use patterns in
Puerto Rico, using the San Juan metropolitan
area as an example. It will address land use
patterns which have resulted in serious water,
air, and land pollution problems, and a
deteriorating quality of life for many
communities.
Project activities include production and
distribution of an educational publication,
Puerto Rico's Road to Smart Growth: A
Primer, research and development of smart
growth alternatives, and a Smart Growth
Congress in San Juan for key decision makers
and metro area communities. The project is
expected to: 1) change key decision makers'
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DISCRETIONARY ACTIVITIES
vision of growth and progress by making
them aware of smart growth alternatives and
their economic, environmental and social
benefits; 2) provide communities with
information and tools to promote sustainable
development through smart land use
planning and conservation; 3) build
partnerships between decision makers and
communities to help ensure long-term
environmental protection through the
application of smart growth approaches.
Contact: Marcia Seidner, EPA Region 2,
New York City, NY
Tel: 212 637-3590
Maria Juncos, Metropolitan
University, San Juan, PR
um_mjuncos@suagm.edu
Tel: 787 766-1717, ext. 6449
Region 1
Successful Communities bv Design
Partnership with U.S. Department of
Transportation to provide funding support
for community design outreach tool.
Successful Communities by Design is
supported by funds from the Transportation
and Community and System Preservation
Pilot program and EPA's Sustainable
Development Challenge Grant program.
The project addresses smart growth and
livability issues with a variety of
approaches, including public forums and
builders' alliances, and is facilitated by the
Mid-America Regional Council. A CD-
ROM and Web site highlighting 20
principles for smart growth is available at
http://www.qualityplaces.marc.org. In the fall
of 2000, a prototype site for Transit Oriented
Development will be selected as part of the
program.
Contact:
Christopher Hess, EPA Region 7,
Kansas City, KS
Tel: 913 551-7213
Regions
Testing Vegetation Growth on Nine-
Mile Run Brownfield Site - Pittsburgh.
Pennsylvania
Provide grant support for creation of urban
parks and green spaces.
In the central city of Pittsburgh, the largest
brownfield is the Nine-Mile Run site, a former
landfill for slag from steel-making days. City
planners envision an extended public park and
a new, compact urban development on this
238-acre site as part of a strategy for attracting
middle-income residents - many of whom
have moved to outer suburbs - back to the
city.
What will grow on barren slag slopes so that
they can be turned into a greenway envisioned
as an extension of Pittsburgh's Frick Park out
to the Monangahela River? An EPA
Sustainable Development Challenge Grant is
supporting field research (planting test plots,
monitoring surface temperatures with and
without mulch, etc.) to find new, low-cost
techniques for "re-vegetating" the Nine Mile
Run slag slopes. If Pittsburgh can
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DISCRETIONARY ACTIVITIES
successfully transform the Nine-Mile Run
brownfield site into a greenway, this
extension of Frick Park will be a significant
cornerstone in rebuilding livable
neighborhoods in the central city.
Contact: Jeff Barnett, EPA Region 3.
Philadelphia
Tel: 215814-3246
21
U.S. EPA Headquarters Library
Mail code 3201
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington DC 20460
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PROSPECTIVE
PROSPECTIVE Oil SMART GROWTH
Previous sections of this report have linked patterns of development to the
environmental protection goals of EPA programs and described examples
of projects in EPA regions which support smart growth approaches. As
smart growth principles have become well known over the past several years,
they have gained wide acceptance at the local, state, and national levels. Tools,
incentives, and policies have been developed by governmental entities at all
levels to facilitate the successful expansion of smarter approaches to growth and
development. As the use of smart grow th approaches expands, it will be
important for EPA to continually assess its rules, processes, and policies for
opportunities to support smart growth or to remove unintentional barriers to
better patterns of development. This section briefly considers some emerging
opportunities for EPA to take the environmental impacts of growth into account
during development of future rules and policies.
-te
The National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA), Secondary Impacts
The NEPA Compliance Division of EPA
proposes to develop guidance to assist 309
(CAA) reviewers with assessing and
commenting on NEPA documents submitted
by other federal agencies for development
projects. The guidance would address
growth-related issues including secondary
and induced growth impacts. Other effects
addressed in the guidance would include
changes in patterns of land use, population,
density, or growth rate.
Considerations of secondary and induced
growth impacts are often included in NEPA
analyses. NEPA analysis provides an
opportunity to inform decisions on
development and to recommend
implementation of mitigation measures.
Because of the attention development issues
are receiving at the local, state, and federal
levels, guidance on assessing the
environmental impacts of secondary and
induced growth from projects subjected to
NEPA review is important. It can serve as a
tool to help ensure consistent NEPA
evaluations.
The guidance has the potential to encourage
full disclosure of secondary impacts of
development decisions so that their effects
can be properly assessed. In general, the
guidance could outline or feature
development alternatives that support better
patterns of development. The guidance
might also contain a brief inventory of tools
or resources that suggest alternatives or
mitigation actions to alleviate environmental
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PROSPECTIVE
impacts of development decisions.
Contact: Jim Serfis, EPA Office of Federal
Activities, Washington, DC
Tel: 202564-7161
Total Maximum Daily Loading (TMDL)
Initiatives
EPA's July 2000 TMDL regulations
defining new minimum elements of a
TMDL program explicitly require an
allowance "for reasonably foreseeable
increases in pollutant loads including future
growth." This requirement creates an
opportunity for the Agency to develop
guidance for states on how future
allowances for growth can be reduced if
smart growth techniques are required in a
watershed.
The 1992 TMDL regulations require that the
state's TMDL list include a priority ranking
for all water quality limited water body
segments that require TMDLs. EPA could
encourage states to prioritize waterways
where infill development, brownfield
redevelopment, and other smart growth
activities are in place or could be easily put
in place. Such an action would increase
certainty for developers in these areas and
hasten redevelopment of the areas
surrounding the waterways, encouraging
further infill development and brownfield
redevelopment.
Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) and
Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO) Programs
Efforts to address CSO and SSO issues offer
several opportunities to use smart growth to
improve environmental protection.
Supplemental environmental projects that
result from a CSO/SSO settlement can be
directed at improving riparian buffer areas,
reducing storm water runoff, and revitalizing
waterfront areas while increasing and
improving urban green space. This can
bring people and economic activity back to
waterfront areas while protecting water
quality and increasing interest in the
SSO/CSO program.
EPA could encourage state revolving funds
to prioritize funding of urban CSO/SSO
projects, particularly in areas with an
inadequate rate base. Doing so would help
avoid steep rate hikes in established areas.
Rate hikes in established areas can
encourage sprawling development and
increase on-lot sewage disposal. By
prioritizing funding of urban CSO/SSO
projects, the Agency would further
encourage infill and brownfield
redevelopment and relieve development
pressure on open space outside metropolitan
areas.
Storm Water Permit Program
Smart Growth can improve storm water
management. In communities employing
smart growth practices, it may be possible to
reflect these storm water benefits by
providing flexibility in implementation of
storm water control requirements. Such
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PROSPECTIVE
practices would include transferable
development rights, compact development,
and state and local ordinances that reduce
road width, parking requirements, and other
programs that reduce impervious surfaces
and protect wetlands, watersheds and
riparian areas. It might also be possible for
EPA to include infill and brownfield
redevelopment tied with open space
protection as a best management practice to
reduce storm water runoff.
policy, lead abatement activities as well as
renovations are simplified and costs are
reduced.
It is too early to tell how this policy will .
affect renovation of buildings or the reuse of
components by contractors. However, it
will lower the cost of many renovation and
rehabilitation projects and therefore
encourage infill redevelopment and reuse of
existing structures.
Smart Growth and Building
Deconstruction/Waste Disposal
There may be opportunities for EPA to
encourage infill development and renovation
of existing structures by making such
activities easier from a waste management
standpoint. One of the best ways to salvage
and reuse building materials is through
deconstruction. Deconstruction is the
process of manually disassembling buildings
to maximize the salvage of building
materials. As an alternative to traditional
demolition, deconstruction relies less on
wrecking balls and bulldozers and more on
the use of hand tools and manual labor to
take buildings apart.
EPA's recent clarification regarding the
management of lead-based paint (LBP)
debris as a household waste by residential
contractors is consistent with the Agency's
solid waste hierarchy. Under the policy,
contractors can manage residential LBP
debris (such as architectural building
components - doors, window frames,
painted wood, etc.) as a household waste
rather than a hazardous waste. Due to this
Supplemental Environmental Projects
(SEP) and Smart Growth
A SEP is an environmental project that a
violator of EPA regulations voluntarily
agrees to perform as part of the settlement of
an enforcement action. Although the
violator is not legally required to perform a
SEP, the cash penalty to the violator may be
lowered as a condition of performing an
acceptable SEP. EPA has approved the use
of SEPs to assess or cleanup brownfield
properties. Such a use of SEPs is an
effective way to enhance the environmental
quality and economic vitality of areas in
which the enforcement actions were
necessary.
EPA has described seven categories of
projects that can be acceptable SEPs.
Categories that directly relate to smart
growth are public health, pollution
prevention, and environmental restoration
and protection. An eighth category is "other
types of projects." For the eighth category,
acceptable SEiPs are those that have
environmental merit but do not fit within the
original seven categories. Such projects
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PROSPECTIVE
would need to be consistent with the
provisions of the SEP Policy and approved
by EPA.
SEPs could be used as an innovative tool for
encouraging smart growth. Because SEPs
are part of an enforcement settlement, they
must meet certain legal requirements. Some
relationship between the SEP and the
violation must exist, the SEP must be
voluntary, etc. Violators or even the public
may not consider smart growth opportunities
when contemplating the use of SEPs.
Therefore, EPA might provide violators with
examples of potential SEPs that target smart
growth based on the federal environmental
law that is violated.
Land Use Policies and Air Quality
Improvement Credits
States and communities are interested in
accounting for the air quality benefits of
their development choices. EPA's Office of
Transportation and Air Quality in OAR is
developing guidance to encourage the
development of land use policies and
projects which improve livability in general,
and air quality in particular. The guidance,
''Recognizing the Air Quality Benefits of
Local and State Land Use Policies and
Projects in the Air Quality Planning
Process," is intended to complement the
efforts of states and local areas, and to
provide direction, flexibility, and technical
assistance to areas that wish to implement
and count these measures towards meeting
air quality goals.
In the draft guidance, EPA states that
accounting for air quality benefits, either in
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) or
through the conformity process, is
appropriate for land use policies and projects
where EPA has assurance that reduced
emissions from transportation sources will
result. The guidance presents the conditions
under which the benefits of land use polices
and projects could be included in a SIP or in
a conformity determination, and provides
guidelines for quantifying the emissions
reductions and meeting EPA reporting
criteria. When this guidance is finalized, it
will present opportunities for EPA to
recognize the air benefits of growth which
encourages infill and brownfield
redevelopment, mixes land uses, creates
compact vibrant communities, and catalyzes
community design that promotes
transportation choice.
25
U.S. EPA Headquarters Library
Mail code 3201
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington DC 20460
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PRIMARY REGIONAL CONTACTS
REGIONAL CONTACTS
Below is a list of primary regional contacts for smart growth initiatives. Specific
projects may have additional or different contacts.
Region 1 - Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and
Vermont. Contact: Rosemary Monahan, Tel. 617-918-1087.
monahan.rosemary@epa.gov.
Region 2 - New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Contact: Rabi Kieber, Tel. 212-637-4448. kieber.rabi@epa.gov.
Region 3 - Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and the
District of Columbia. Contact: Paul Wentworth, Tel. 215-814-2183.
wentworth.paul@epa.gov.
Region 4 - Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, and Tennessee. Contact: Mary Jo Bragan, Tel. 404-562-8323.
bragan, maryjo@epa.gov.
Region 5 - Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Contact:
James Vanderkloot, Tel. 312-353-31611 vanderkloot.james@epa.gov.
Region 6 - Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. Contact:
Adela Cardenas, Tel. 214-665-7210. cardenas.adela@epa.gov.
Region 7 - Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska. Contact: Richard Sumpter, Tel.
913-551 -7661. sumpter. richard@epa.gov.
Region 8 - Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming.
Contact: Sara Summers, Tel. 303-312-6318. summers.sara@epa.gov.
Region 9 - Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, and Pacific Islands and Tribal
Nations subject to US law. Contact: Sara Russell, Tel. 415-744-1029.
russell.sara@epa.gov.
Region 10 - Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Contacts: Kenneth Brooks,
Tel. 503-326-3280. brooks.kenneth@epa.gov, and Wayne Elson, Tel. 206-553-
1463. elson.wayne@epa.gov.
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