&EPA
          United States
          Environmental Protection
          Agency
Office of Radiation &
Indoor Air (6602J)
Washington, DC 20460
EPA 402-R-99-002
October 1999
          Technologically Enhanced
          Naturally Occurring Radioactive
          Materials in the Southwestern
          Copper Belt of Arizona
               TECHNOLOGICALLY ENHANCED NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
               TENOR

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              TECHNICAL REPORT
                      ON
         TECHNOLOGICALLY ENHANCED
NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS


            IN THE SOUTHWESTERN
           COPPER BELT OF ARIZONA
          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
           Office of Radiation and Indoor Air,
             Radiation Protection Division
                  401 M St. SW,
              Washington, D.C. 20460
                  October 1999

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
DISCLAIMER

   The mention of company or product names in this document is not to be considered an endorse-
   ment by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The use of the terms "extraction," "benefi-
ciation,"  and "mineral processing" in this document are not intended to classify any waste stream
for the purposes of regulatory interpretation or application. Rather,  these terms reflect common
industry usage.

    This  report should be viewed only as a compilation of existing data on technologically enhanced
naturally  occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) in the copper industry of Arizona. It does not
attempt to draw conclusions regarding the risks to  human health and the environment, extrapolate
data to other facilities, or define what actions may  be taken regarding TENORM.
TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
PREFACE

  In mid-1992, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality shared with the U.S. Environ-
  mental Protection Agency data on technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive
materials (TENORM) emanating from copper mines. EPA developed this report to provide a better
understanding of the nature and extent of TENORM at copper mining and mineral processing sites.
This report compiles the data relevant to the occurrences and distribution of TENORM at mines in
the southwestern copper belt of Arizona. The data show that dump leaching operations and solvent
extraction-electrowinning procedures,  as well as the practice of recycling raffinate at copper mines,
may  extract and concentrate soluble radioactive materials. The results show increases of up to two
orders of magnitude over background  levels for all radiochemicals tested except Rn-222.
TENORM

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                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

   This document was prepared by the EPA, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Radiation Protec-
   tion Division, Ariel Rios Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20460.
The author of this report is Mark R. Schuknecht, who worked for the Office of Radiation and
Indoor Air, and is presently with the Office of Solid Waste. The text was distributed for review to
the following EPA offices: ORD-NERL-Characterization Research Division, Las Vegas; Office of
Radiation Programs, Waste Standards and Risk Assessment Branch; Office of Water, Water Quality
and Industrial Permits; and EPA Region IX, Water Management Division, Permits and Enforcement.
Comments from these offices have been incorporated into the document. EPA would like to thank
the following external reviewers: Dr. Erling Brostuer, Colorado School of Mines, Energy,  Minerals,
and Environment Program; Dr. Glen Miller, University of Nevada, Reno; and Diann Gese, U.S.
National Park Service.

    EPA is especially appreciative of the support and assistance provided by the Arizona Department
of Environmental Quality (ADEQ), Mining Unit of the Water Protection and Approvals  Section.
Special thanks are offered to Dennis Turner, Ed Pond, and Greg Olsen of ADEQ for their contribu-
tions to  this document.
TENORM

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                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency











LIST OF ACRONYMS






ADEQ         Arizona Department of Environmental Quality



ABM          Arizona Bureau of Mines



ADHS         Arizona Department of Health Services



AEA           Atomic Energy Act



AMD          Acid Mine Drainage



APPA          Aquifer Protection Permit Application



ARRA         Arizona Radiation Regulation Agency



AWQS         Aquifer Water Quality Standards



AZMILS       Arizona Mineral Industry Location System



CAA           Clean Air Act



CERCLA       Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act



CWA          Clean Water Act



DWR          Drinking Water Regulations



EPA           Environmental Protection Agency



HBGL         Human Health Based Guidelines



MCL          Maximum Contaminant Level



MW           Monitoring Well(s)



NORM        Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material



ORIA          Office of Radiation  and Indoor Air



OX-EW        Oxide and Electrowinning



PLS           Pregnant Leach Solution



QA/QC        Quality Assurance/Quality Control



RCRA         Resource Conservation and Recovery Act



SDWA         Safe Drinking Water Act



SX-EW        Solvent Extraction-Electrowinning



TDS           Total Dissolved Solids



TENORM     Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material



UIC           Underground  Injection Control



USGS          U.S. Geological Survey
TENORM
                                                                                      VII

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                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Mines Referred to by Acronym
AL
CB
CQ
CS
DF
HS
MF
MM
MP
NC
PV
sc
SM
TB
TR
American Legion
Cyprus Bagdad
Phelps Dodge Copper Queen
Cyprus Sierrita
De la Fontaine
Hillside
Magma Florence
Phelps Dodge Morenci
Mineral Park
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Pinto Valley
Santa Cruz
Magma San Manual
Cyprus Twin Buttes
Three R's
Mine Specific Facility Acronyms
LOS          Lean Ore Stockpiles (Phelps Dodge)
SACLOG      Sacramento Low Ore Grade Stockpiles (Copper Queen Mine)
SWRRD       Southwestern Railroad Dumps (Phelps Dodge)
VIII
                                                                            TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EXECUTIVE  SUMMARY

   The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been working over the past several years to better
   understand the nature and extent of TENORM that may become concentrated at copper mining
sites. This document presents the information that EPA has compiled on this issue to date. The lit-
erature on the subject indicates the presence of uranium and thorium in minerals associated with
porphyry copper deposits in Arizona. Copper extraction and beneficiation operations may concentrate
these radioactive materials. Samples taken by the ADEQ from several  copper mines indicate that
TENORM has  been found to occur above background levels in surface water and in some mining
process and waste  streams. The data also show evidence of TENORM in surface water, groundwater
and soils. The data suggest that dump leaching operations and solvent extraction-electrowinning
procedures, as well as the practice of recycling raffinate at copper mines, extract and concentrate sol-
uble radioactive materials. The results show increases of up to two orders of magnitude over back-
ground levels for samples of all radiochemicals tested except Rn-222. Radiological data in this report
represent a sampling of mine wastes at specific facilities and do not necessarily represent other cop-
per operations. Based on the data presented herein, there is an increased likelihood that copper leach
operations and their associated solvent extraction-electrowinning circuits in Arizona concentrate
TENORM.
TENORM

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                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
TABLE  OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ACRONYMS 	vii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  	ix

I.    INTRODUCTION  	1

II.   FINDINGS	3

              Table 1:   Groundwater Statistical Data (except Morenci)  	4
              Table 2:   Surface Water Statistical Data  	5
              Table 3:   Sediment and Soil Statistical Data	5
              Table 4:   Process Solutions Statistical Data	5
              Table 5:   Process Wastes Statistical Data	6

III.  GEOLOGIC EVIDENCE	7

     A.   Background Levels and Standards of TENORM	7

              Table 6:   Average Background Levels of Uranium in Crustal Rocks	7
              Table 7:   Uranium Levels  in Arizona Rock Formations	8
              Table 8:   Natural Radioactivity in Public Groundwater Systems in Arizona ... .9
              Table 9:   Current and Proposed Radionuclide Standards	10

     B.   Quality Assurance/Quality Control  	12

     C.   Regional Geologic Literature and TENORM 	13

              Figure A:  Location  Map of TENORM Sites	15

     D.   TENORM Field Studies at Abandoned Mines  	16

          1.   Hillside Mine/Boulder Creek	16

              Table 10:  Radiological Analyses of Surface Water Samples,
                        Hillside/Boulder Creek   	17
              Figure B:  Hillside Mine/Boulder Creek, Sample Location Map  	18
              Table 11:  Radiochemical Analyses of Sediment Samples,
                        Hillside/Boulder Creek	19

          2.   Cerbat Mountains Mines	19

              Figure C:  Cerbat Mountains Mines, Sample Location Map 	20
              Table 12:  Radiological Analyses of Surface Water Samples,
                        Cerbat Mountains	21
              Table 13:  Radiological Analyses of Sediment Samples,  Cerbat Mountains  ... .21
              Figure D:  Bar Graph of All Soil Sample Data  	22

          3.   Three  R Mine	22

              Table 14:  Radiochemical Analyses of Water Samples from the
                        Three R Mine   	23
              Figure E:  Three R Mine, Sample Location Map 	24
TENORM                                                                              xi

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                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)


IV.   URANIUM RECOVERY AT COPPER MINES  ............................... 25

     A.    Cyprus Sierrita Corp., Twin Buttes Mine  ................................. 25

               Table 15:  Radiological Analyses of Twin Buttes Oxide Tailings Pond  ........ 26
               Figure F:  Twin Buttes, Sample Location Map ......................... 27
               Table 16:  Radiochemical Analyses of Monitoring Well Samples,
                        Twin Butts Mine  ...................................... 28

V   TENORM DATA FROM ACTIVE COPPER MINES ........................... 29

     A.    Magma Processing Waste Streams ....................................... 29

               Table 17:  Radiological Analyses of Magma Copper Process Streams  ......... 29

     B.    In-Situ and Solvent Extraction Operations  ................................ 30

          1.    BHP Copper Florence In-Situ Project  ............................... 30

               Table 18:  Radiochemical Analyses of Leach Test Samples,
                        Magma Florence In-Situ Copper Project  ..................... 31

          2.    Santa Cruz In-Situ Copper Project .................................. 32

               Table 19:  Radiochemical Water Sample Results, ASARCO
                        Santa Cruz In-Situ Copper Project  ......................... 32

     C.    Groundwater Monitoring  ............................................. 33

          1.    Cyprus Bagdad Copper Corporation  ................................ 33

               a) Copper Creek ............................................... 33

               Table 20:  Radiochemical Water Sample Analyses of Cyprus Bagdad
                        Copper Creek Leachate Dump Area  ........................ 33
               Figure G:  Copper Creek, Sample  Location Map ....................... 34

               b) Lawler Peak  ................................................ 35

               Figure H:  Lawler Peak, Sample Location Map ......................... 36
               Table 21:  Radiochemical Water Sample Analyses of
                        Cyprus Bagdad Lawler  Peak Area ........................... 37
c
               ) Hillside Loadout Facility ....................................... 37
               Figure I:  Hillside Loadout Facility, Sample Location Map ................ 38
               Figure J:  Hillside Loadout Facility, Geologic Map  ..................... 39
               Table 22:  Radiochemical Water Sample Analyses of Cyprus Bagdad
                        Hillside Loadout Facility ................................. 40
xii                                                                             TENORM

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                            U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
          2.    Cyprus Sierrita Corporation, Sierrita Mine	40

               Table 23:  Radiochemical Analyses of Monitoring Well Samples,
                         Cyprus Sierrita Mine	41
               Figure K:  Cyprus Sierrita Mine, Sample Location Map  	42

          3.    Phelps Dodge, New Cornelia Mine at Ajo  	43

               Figure L:  Phelps Dodge, New Cornelia Mine, Sample Location Map	44
               Table 24:  Summary of Radiochemical Monitoring Well Samples,
                         Phelps Dodge, New Cornelia Mine	45

          4.    BHP Copper, Pinto Valley Mine  	46

               Table 25:  Radiochemical Analyses of Dewatering and Monitoring
                         Well Samples Magma's BHP Copper, Pinto Valley Mine	47

     D.   Groundwater Contamination	47

          1.    Phelps Dodge, Copper Queen Mine	47

               Table 26:  Radiochemical Water Sample Analyses, Phelps Dodge
                         Copper  Queen Concentrator Tailings Storage Area	48
               Figure M: Isoconcentration Map of Sulfate in the Shallow Zone,
                         Phelps Dodge Copper Queen Mine	49
               Table 27:  Radiochemical Water Sample Results, Phelps Dodge
                         Copper  Queen Concentrator Tailings Storage  	50
               Figure N:  Monitoring Well Location Map, Phelps Dodge
                         Copper  Queen Mine	52
               Table 28:  Radiochemical Groundwater Sample Results, Phelps Dodge
                         Copper  Queen Concentrator Tailings Storage Area	53
               Figure O:  Hydrogeologic Map, Phelps Dodge Copper Queen,
                         Concentration Storage Area	54

          2.    Cyprus Mineral Park Mine  	55

               Figure P:  Cyprus Mineral Park Mine, Sample Location Map	56
               Table 29:  Radiochemical Surface Water Sample Results,
                         Cyprus Mineral Park	57
               Table 30:  Radiochemical Monitoring Well Sample Results,
                         Cyprus Mineral Park	58

          3.    Phelps Dodge Morenci District  	59

               Figure Q:  Morenci Mine, Sample Location Map	60
               Table 31:  Radiochemical Monitoring Wells Sample Results that
                         Exceed Federal or State Radiochemical Guidelines,
                         Phelps Dodge Morenci District	62
TENORM                                                                               xiii

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                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
               Table 32:  Radiochemical Process Water Sample Results that
                         Exceed Federal or State Radiochemical Guidelines,
                         Phelps Dodge Morenci District	63
               Table 33:  Summary of Radiochemical Monitoring Well Water Sample
                         Results that Exceed Federal or State Radiochemical Guidelines,
                         Phelps Dodge Morenci District	64
               Table 34:  Morenci Groundwater Statistical Data	66

VI.  REFERENCES 	67

APPENDIX A:    Arizona State Bureau of Mines, Uranium Occurrences Associated
                 with Copper Minerals  that are Verified with Sample Analyses or
                 Assay Information	71

APPENDIX B:    Arizona State Bureau of Mines, Unverified Occurrences of
                 Uranium Associated with Copper Minerals: No Sample Analyses
                 or Assays Conducted	81

APPENDIX C:    Results of Radiochemical Analyses: Groundwater, Sediment and
                 Soil, Surface Water, Process Solution, and Process Waste Data	85
xiv                                                                               TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
I.    INTRODUCTION
    Nearly all rocks, soils, arid water contain small amounts of radioactive materials such as uranium,
    thorium, radium, radioisotopes of potassium, lead, polonium, and their decay products. When
naturally occurring radioactive materials in their undisturbed natural state (NORM) become pur-
posefully or inadvertently concentrated either in waste byproducts or in a product, they become tech-
nologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM). TENORM is defined
as any naturally occurring radioactive materials whose radionuclide concentrations or potential for
human exposure has been increased above levels encountered in the natural state as a result of human
activities (NAS, 1999).

    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory entities have become
increasingly aware of the immense volume of TENORM produced annually throughout the United
States and the world. TENORM wastes often include byproducts from industrial activities such as
thorium and uranium mining/milling; niobium, tin,  and gold mining; water treatment; oil and nat-
ural gas production; and phosphate fertilizer, coal fire ash, and aluminum production. The potential
threat posed by these wastes cannot be dismissed as below radiological concern or below exempt
concentration levels. TENORM concentrations often reach levels comparable to typical low-level
radioactive waste (Paschoa, 1998). The  scientific community has been concerned for some time with
the issue of exposures to these materials. EPA's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA) is cur-
rently examining the potential environmental implications of TENORM wastes from various sources
and is looking at disposal methods as well as exposure risks.

    EPA has studied sources of radiation since the mid-1970s. Because radioactivity is not a "charac-
teristic" of hazardous waste, as defined in Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA), the regulation of radioactive wastes has generally been limited to the Atomic Energy Act
(AEA), the Clean Air Act (CAA), the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), and the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA).

    EPA evaluated radioactive materials in its  1985 Report to Congress on Special Wastes from
Mineral Processing (USEPA,  12/1985). In this report, the Agency indicated that it would continue
to study radioactive waste and waste with the potential to form sulfuric acid to determine if they
posed a threat to human health and the environment; however, sufficient data were not available to
make such a determination. The Agency stated that it would continue gathering relevant informa-
tion, and if it became necessary to regulate these wastes, the Agency would develop appropriate
measures of hazard and waste management standards (USEPA, 12/1985). The Agency subsequently
made several regulatory determinations  as to the appropriateness of RCRA Subtitle C regulation
under the Bevill Amendment. Natural radioactivity was identified  as a concern for several of the
Bevill wastes. To date, the Agency has received no statutory direction  in this area. However, under
the Clean Air Act (40 CFR Part 61), EPA has developed  regulations to control the emissions of
radon from phosphate production (phosphogypsum stacks), elemental phosphorous plants, and ura-
nium mill tailings. Additionally, under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 CFR Part 141), maximum
contaminant levels for radiation have been established, and standards  for radioactivity in liquid dis-
charges from uranium, thorium and vanadium mills were developed  under  the Clean Water Act
(40 CFR part 440). In areas with radioactively contaminated soils, EPA has  established guidance for
clean-up levels for its field offices under authority of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act.
TENORM

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                              U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
    As mentioned above, TENORM is found in many metal mining and mineral processing wastes.
For example, the 1985 Report to Congress reported elevated uranium and thorium concentrations
in various copper mining and processing operations. In the early 1980, EPA s Office of Air and
Radiation studied Rn-222 arid uranium particulate releases from copper processors, but did not find
significant releases. However, these studies are at least ten years old and radiological characterization
of the wastes was rioL their primary goal. In addition, technological advances in dump leaching and
solvent extraction-el ectrowinn ing (SX-EW) procedures, as well as the practice of recycling raffinate,
have created new waste streams not assessed in previous EPA studies. The purpose of this report is
to characterize and document TENORM from copper mining. It should be noted, however, that it
addresses only a subset of mines in Arizona.

    To address radiation protection issues, EPA has initiated programs under the authority of the
Clean Water Act, SDWA, CAA, arid Toxic Substances Control Act. ORIA is concerned about the
public health implications of TENORM, and has received inquiries from state radiation protection
agencies and EPA regional offices for guidance in this area. In response,  ORIA is developing a series
of technical  reports that will be used to assess risks of the various sectors where TENORM has been
found. Concern about elevated levels of TENORM at several mine sites prompted the development
of this report.

    EPA has been working with the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) to
assemble the available data on TENORM at metal mining sites in Arizona. As part of its groundwater
and surface water protection programs, ADEQ requires mining companies to submit Aquifer Pro-
tection Permit Applications (APPA) that include facility-specific  radiological characterizations. EPA
continues to seek information from all interested parties to increase its knowledge and ability to
characterize TENORM at mining sites. A secondary goal of this study is  to bring scientifically-sound
and well-documented data to light, and to assist stakeholders in assessing radiochemicals relative to
background  levels and federal and state radiation protection standards.
                                                                                     TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
II.   FINDINGS
  In 1992, ADEQ shared with EPA data on TENORM emanating from copper mines, EPA has
  continued to work with ADEQ to assemble the available data. As part of its groundwat.er and sur-
face water protection programs,  ADEQ requires mining companies to submit APPAs containing
facility-specific radiochemical characterizations. As a result, ADEQ and EPA  have accumulated in
excess of 3200 analyses of radionuclides al 15 mining sites in Lhe copper industry. This report reviews
the current information on the occurrence and distribution of TENORM at  mines in Arizona and
contains tables of all the available data as of 1997.

    Tables 1 through  5 summarize the data according to media, including: ground water, surface
water, soil-sediment, process solutions, and process wastes. Instances when the average levels of radio-
activity  exceed the federal maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) or Arizona guidelines are shown in
bold. The groundwater media included about 2220 analyses from about 176 wells at nine mines.
The surface water media included about 197 analyses from nine mine adits, eight washes, and  six
creeks at seven mine sites. As many as 25 soil samples were taken from four mines to support 110
analyses.

    Levels in excess of the federal MCLs and state guidelines were found in groundwater and surface
water samples, as well as soil and sediment samples at abandoned and active copper mines. TENORM
exceedences were also  found in groundwater at active and inactive copper mines. Uranium byprod-
ucts were recovered from heap leach dumps and in-situ operations that feed SX-EW and ion exchange
circuits  at several copper mines.  Radioactivity was discovered in copper mineral processing waste
streams. Elevated levels of radioactivity were also found to occur in the process solutions and process
wastes. The average radiochemical composition of five pregnant leach solution (PLS) samples,  in
pCi/L, can be characterized as 3642 gross alpha, 1974 gross beta, 929 U-238, 999 U-234, 304 U-235,
51 Ra-226, and 1701  total uranium (see Table  1, Average column). The average  activity of six raffi-
riate solutions  are 2943 and 1228 pCi/L gross alpha and beta, respectively. The average activity of
22 sump solutions is slightly less  1331 and 811 pCi/L gross alpha and beta, respectively. It
should be noted  that all available data, from both contaminated and uncontaminated samples, was
used in  preparing Tables 1-5 below. Consequently, the statistical results on radioactivity levels are
significantly lower than if only contaminated samples were used.

    The data indicate that the solvent extraction process acts to concentrate TENORM.
Technological advances in SX-EW procedures have created new waste streams that were not assessed
in earlier EPA studies. Also, the practice of recycling raffinate that contains elevated levels of
TENORM from SX-EW facilities and using delisted waste streams such as KO64 as lixivent acids  at
the leach dumps  may exacerbate the occurrence of TENORM at copper processing sites. KO64 is
smelter  acid blowdown or sulfuric acid produced from  the air emissions scrubber circuits. However,
the uranium-enriched  raffinate might also be considered a resource that can be exploited at relatively
low cost through eulex-ion exchange technology, thereby removing the potential contaminants from
the environment and contributing to the long-run profitability of the mining operation (i.e., by
reducing potential remediation costs).

    The radioactivity appears to be associated with copper mineralization that contains traces of
uranium. The natural leaching process tends to extract  and concentrate radioactive  materials in the
acid mine drainage or leachate at waste dumps. Dump  or heap leaching operations  also extract and
TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
concentrate the soluble radioactive materials in the PLS. If TENORM is present at the waste dump,
it may be found in the drainage or the leachate. These solutions are then concentrated by the SX
process and sent to the electrowinning plant for copper recovery. TENORM is also concentrated at
the SX units since the PLS is concentrated by those units. Because uranium is not  recovered in the
electrowinning process, the TENORM may stay in the raffinate, which is recycled back to the leach
dumps as lixivcnts. Many copper mining companies have rcclassified their waste clumps as leach
operations within the last decade.  Recycling of the raffinate solutions from the SX-EW circuit to the
leach dump may also contribute to the  buildup of TENORM at: the leach dumps.  The limited data
presented in this report indicate a potential for TENORM to be concentrated in the soil, surface
water, groundwater at abandoned mine dumps, and active copper mines. Preliminary findings also
suggest that it is concentrated in the soils, surface water, and groundwater at leach  dumps in the
leach circuit of active copper mines. The data also show that TENORM is concentrated in copper
beneficiation and processing waste streams.

    Data presented within this report represent a sampling of copper mines and facilities, and may
not necessarily represent all copper operations in the state. The impacts of copper mining are note-
worthy because of unique conditions, such as  the presence of trace uranium minerals and the min-
ing and extraction methods that unintentionally extract radioactive materials and enhance its envi-
ronmental mobility. Tables 1-5 present data on the mining sites where TENORM has been docu-
mented by  ADEQ.  These sites are: Cyprus Bagdad (CB), Cyprus Twin Buttes (TB), Cyprus Sierrita
(CS), Phelps Dodge Copper Queen (CQ), Pinto Valley (PV), Mineral Park (MP), Phelps Dodge
Morenci (MM), Phelps Dodge New Cornelia (NC), American Legion (AL), De la Fontaine (DF),
Hillside  (HS), Three R s (TR), Magma Florence (MF), Santa Cruz (SC), and Magma San Manual
(SM). Groundwater, surface water, process solution and process waste data in  Tables 1-5 are
expressed in pCi/L, while soil and sediment data are expressed in pCi/g.
                                           Table 1

                                                                   (pCi/L)

Radiochemical      Mine Sites                   Number     Mio.      Max.       Avg,     Std. Dev.
Gross Alpha        CB,TB,CS,CQ,PV,MP,NC        129         0        1500       60.3       150.8
Gross Beia         CB,TB,CS,CQ,PV,MP,NC        116         0         500        44.4       72.6
U 238            CB.CQ.NC                    63       0.06      38.6        5.9        7.6
U-234            CB,CQ,NC                    63        1.3       60.4       12.8       14.8
U-235            CB,CQ,NC                    56         0         2.9         0.4        0.5
Total Ra          PV                          16        0.8        122        10.8       30.5
Ra-226            CB,TB,CS,GQ,PV,NC           117         0         130         3.0       13.4
Ra-228            CB,TB,CS,CQ,PV,NC           111         0         122         4.1       12.7
Toial-U           IB,CB,CS,CQ,PV,NC            119         0         209        12.0       24.9
Rn-222            CB,CQ,PV                    23        16       3980       1216       1309
Total             7 MINES                     813
                                                                                     TENORM

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                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Levels of radioactivity

in excess of federal MCLs or

Arizona guidelines
2

Radiochemical
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta
U 238
U-234
U-235
Ra-226
Ra-228
Total-U
Rn-222
Total
Levels of radioactivity

Mine Sites
MP,MM,CB,TR,AL,DF,HS
CB,MP,MM,TR,NC
CB.TR.AL.HS.NC
CB,TR.AL,HS,NC
CB.TR.NC
CB.MP.NC
MP,GB,TR.AL,I)F.HS,NG
MP,CB,TR,NC
MP
8 MINES
in excess of federal MCLs or

Number
,NC 54
32
19
19
9
29
18
12
3
195
Arizona guidelines
Table 3
are shown in bold




Data
Mio.
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.04
0
0
0.01
39

Max.
1240
128
678
577
2.9
71.8
55.5
32.9
120

Avg.
83.5
27.1
83.8
80
1.1
6.4
5.6
6.6
68.3

Std. Dev.
188.4
34
168.2
141.8
0.9
13.8
13.1
10.9
44.9

are shown in bold

and Soil
Radiochemical
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta
U-238
U-234
Ra-226
Totals
Levels of radioactivity

Mine Sites
AL,DF,HS,MM
AL,DF,HS,MM
AL.DF.HS
AL,DF,HS
AL,DF,HS
4 Mines
in excess of federal MCLs or

Number
25
25
20
20
20
110
Arizona guidelines
Table 4
Mio.
0.5
22
0.7
0.9
0.7


(pCi/g)
Max.
395
248
63.3
60.8
82.6



Avg.
63.1
69.4
7.9
10.0
10.4



Std. Dev.
90.0
52.3
14.2
16.6
19.7

are shown in bold


Radiochemical
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta
U-238
U-234
U-235
Ra-226
Ra 228
Total-U
Rn-222
Mine Sites
MP.MM.MF.SC
MP,MM,MF
MF
MF
MF
MF.SC
MF.SC
MFXS.TB
MF.SC
Number
43
41
2
2
2
4
4
6
4
Min.
1.3
3.0
248
254
11.6
19.5
2.0
0.8
243

(pCi/L)
Max.
8649
3683
1611
1745
598
193
19
4362
3760


Avg.
1841
975.6
929.5
999.5
304.8
86.3
7.8
1895.9
1805.7


Std. Dev.
1850
881.7
963.8
1054.3
414.7
79.1
8.0
1532.9
1593.5
TENORM

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                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency









Total              5  MINES                      108




Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold





                                                    5



                                                          Data (pCi/L)
Radiochemical
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta
U-238
U-234
U 235
Total Ra
Ra-226
Ra-228
Total-U
Rn-222
Total

Mine Sites
MM,PV,CQ,SM
MM.PV.SM
CQ
CQ
CQ
PV
PV.CQ
PV.CQ
PV.CQ
PV.CQ
4 MINES

Number
21
20
1
1
1
1
4
4
2
2
57

Min.
0
5.4




0.3
0.7
0.2
10


Max.
4100
4400
156
131
6.8
2.2
20
7.1
0.7
57

in bold
Avg.
246.9
301.5




5.4
3.0
0.4
33.5


Std. Dev.
894.4
968.5




9.7
2.8
0.4
33.2


   No data
                                                                                          TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
III.    GEOLOGIC EVIDENCE
A.                              and                 of

    Uranium is associated with many cliff crcriL minerals and rock types. The average abundance (back-
    ground level) of uranium (total uranium) in crustal rocks ranges from 0.5 parts per million (pprn)
(0.34 pCi/g) to 5.0 pprn (3.4 pCi/g), depending on rock type. In sedimentary rocks, such as sand-
stones and carbonates, the average background concentration is relatively low, ranging from 1.0 ppm
(0.69 pCi/g) to 2.0 ppm (1.37 pCi/g). Shales average 3.2 ppm (2.20 pCi/g). In extrusive and intru-
sive igneous rocks, average crustal abundance is relatively high. Intrusive rocks, such as granite, aver-
age 4.8 ppm (3.30 pCi/g), while extrusive rocks are more variable. Basalt ranges from 0.5 ppm
(0.34 pCi/g) to 1.0 ppm (0.69 pCi/g), while rhyolite is around 4.0 ppm (2.75 pCi/g) (NCRP, 1987).
Rocks that contain more than 10 ppm (6.87 pCi/g) are considered rich in uranium.

    The literature typically reports uranium in ppm, while the mining industry usually reports it as
a percentage. Naturally occurring uranium contains 99.2800 percent U-238 by weight, 0.7110 per-
cent U-235, and 0.00546 percent U-234. The specific activity for uranium is 0.6866 Ci/g (56 FR
33068). Since the units used in this report are pCi, whenever possible, the data have been converted
to pCi/L or pCi/g using this specific activity. The international community uses  Becquerels (Bq),
for which the conversion factor is 27 pCi = 1 Bq. In sonic cases, the percentages  of naturally-occur-
ring isotopes vary (CRC, 1979). Table 6 shows the average range of background levels of uranium
in rocks expressed in pCi/g. Researchers have reported slightly different values, which may be due to
differences in measurement techniques or because their samples were taken from different locations.
Table 6 is a collection of background level data from the National Council on Radiation Protection
and Measurements (NCRP, 1987), Arizona Department of Environmental Quality  (ADEQ,
9/1989) and EPA (USEPA,  1994).

                                          Table 6

                                         of          in               (pCi/g)

                     Rock Type          U-Total Range        U-238 Range
                     Mafic Basalt           0.34-0.61            0.17-0.30
                     Salic Basalt           2.67 3.22            1.29 1.55
                     Granite              2.06-3.30            0.99-1.58
                     Rhyolite                2.75               1.32
                     Shale                  2.20               1.06
                     Clean Sandstone        0.68-1.37            0.33-0.66
                     Dirty Sandstone         1.38-2.06            0.66-0.99
                     Carbonates           0.68-1.37            0.33-0.66
                     Soils avg.               1.23               0.59
                     Crustal avg.             1.92               0.92

                     References: NCRP, 1987; ADEQ 9/1989; USEPA, 1994
                     1.0 pprn = 0.69 pCi/g
                     All values convert from pprn to pCi/g

TENORM                                                                                 7

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    Additional data on background radionuclide concentration in surface soils are summarized in
the EPA Technical Background Document, Review of Radionuclide Concentrations in Rocks, Soils,
Mining Materials, and Coal Ash, July 1994. As cited in this document, Myrick conducted a study
that analyzed 356 samples. The analysis calculated the geometric mean for U-238  to be 0.96 pCi/g.
The data ranged from a low of 0.12 to a high of 3.8 pCi/g. Myrick also analyzed another 327 sam-
ples for Ra-226.  They ranged from 0.23 to 4.2 with a mean value of 1.0 pCi/g. Another study done
by Shacklette and Boerngen in 1984 analyzed 354 samples for U-238. Their results produced an
average value of  0.89 pCi/g with a range of 0.096 to 3.63 pCi/g (USEPA, 1994).

    The background level of radionuclides in Arizona is highly variable due to the widespread
occurrence of uranium-rich source rocks. The most frequent source of radionuclides in Arizona is
granitic rocks associated with Prccarnbrian outcrops and Lararnidc intrusive rocks  (ADEQ, 9/1989).
The Precambrian Lawler Peak Granite, which outcrops extensively throughout the Bagdad Mining
District, is considered to be one of the two most uranium-rich granites in the United States. The
Lawler Peak Granite near Bagdad contains up to 51 ppm  uranium, with an average concentration of
14.6 ppm uranium. Another Lawler Peak Granite contains up to 551 ppm uranium, with an aver-
age concentration of 269 ppm (ADEQ, 9/1989; Pewe,  1989; ACS, 1990). These data have been
converted to pCi/g in Table 7 below.
                                                 I

                                     in                            (pCi/g)

                                                              Total U Range
                   Formation                                Low          High
                   Hopi Butt.es Lamproproyres                   2.75
                   Wilderness Granite near Santa Catalina Mts.       0.80
                   Oricale Granite near Santa Gatalina Mts.          2.40
                   Turkey Track Andesite near Tucson             2.27
                   Dells Peak Granite near Prescott                5.63          18.06
                   Lawler Peak Granite near Bagdad              10.02          35.02
                   Lawler Peak Granite                        184.7          378.3

                   Reference: ADEQ), 9/1989
                    - = No data
                   All values convert from ppm to pCi/g
    The radioactivity of the southwestern copper belt: appears to be related to Laramide porphyry
intrusive and Precambrian granitic rocks that contain trace amounts of residual radioactivity.

    Background levels for gross alpha and beta, Ra-226, U-238, U-234, and Rn-222 in groundwa-
tcr are presented in the report, Natural Occurrence of Radon and Other Natural Radioactivity in Public
Water Supplies, which was prepared by EPA s Office of Radiation Programs,  now ORIA, in 1985
(USEPA, 10/1985). Table 8 below shows the data for public groundwater systems in selected loca-
tions  in Arizona. The systems were selected to provide background radiation levels in groundwater
for the nearest watershed to the mines discussed in this  paper.
                                                                                     TENORM

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                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    The 1985 EPA study sampled finish water collected as near to the source as possible. Small
public groundwater systems, like many of those presented in Table 8, tend to have higher radon lev-
els than larger systems. Larger water systems, such as in Tucson, tend to use aerators with higher
holdback capacity that may reduce  radon levels due to decay and dilution. Many of the larger sys-
tems may also chemically treat their water to improve quality. Many of the water samples below
were untreated, although specific information on the types of treatment used by each system is
unknown. The analytic methods used in the 1985 EPA study were discussed in previous papers. In
general, the precision and accuracy  of these  analytic methods were maximized,  while counting errors
were minimized.  These aspects were also discussed in detail in these papers (USEPA, 10/1985).
ADEQ  also sampled public drinking water wells in the  Bisbee/Naco area to establish  background
levels of radionuclides. ADEQ analyses were the same as the EPA results shown in Table 8 for the
Bisbee area.
                                            Table 8

                                 in                                in          (pCi/L)

  Sample Location               Alpha        Beta
  Apache Junction                0.2          7.0
  Bisbee                        3.0          2.0
  Casa Grande                  20.0          6.0
  Florence-High                  3.0         14.0
  Florence-Low                   1.0          4.0
  Globe                        1.0          2.0
  Miami                        3.0          5.0
  Nogales                       4.0          5.0
  Prescott                       1.9          1.1
  Sierra Vista-High                2.0          2.0
  Sierra Vista-Low                1.0          0.3
  Superior                       0.5          3.0
  Mammoth                     2.0          2.0
  Oracle                        0.3          2.0
  Tucson - Low                   0.1          0.1
  Tucson-High                  4,9          1.7

  Reference: USEPA. 1985
  - = No Data
    EPA established federal water quality standards for radionuclides in SDWA and Interim
Drinking Water Regulations (DWR). The Agency uses MCLs, established under SDWA, as refer-
ence points for water  resource protection efforts when  the groundwater is a potential source of
drinking water. The MCLs for most radioactive materials are usually measured in pCi/L. Beta/pho-
ton emitters are dose-limited (4 rnrern), while gross alpha Ra standards are expressed in pCi/L.
Table 9 identifies the current and proposed federal and Arizona drinking water standards for gross
alpha and beta, total radium, Ra-226, Ra-228, total uranium, and radon.
TENORM
.a 226 U 238

0.1 0.3
0.1 9.8
0.1


0.1
0.1 3.3
0.1 0.4
-



-
0.2 1.0
0.2 1.5
U 234

2.0
12.8
-



4,2
1.3
-



-
2.1
2.6
Rn 222
135.8
487.4
544.2
236.0
197.8
310.5
291 .7
396.4
859.9
1153.0
313.3
30.9
580.9
210.8
19.7
460.7

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                                U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
                                                Table 9
                    and                                         (pCi/L         as
Radioouciide
Alpha
Beta and Gamma
Total Radium (Ra 226+Ra 228)
Ra 226
Ra 228
Uranium
Rn222
Federal 1976
Current MCL
     15
 4 mrem/yr.
     5
    if > 5
    if > 5
    None
    None
 Federal 1991
Proposed MCL
      15
  4 mrem/yr.
    None
      20
      20
      30Z
     300
Arizona State
  IIBGL1
   None
   None
   None
     73
   None
References: 40 CFR/141.15; 56 FR 33050
if > 5 - if the individual component of Ra-226 or Ra-228 is greater than five pCi/L it will exceed the total radium standard.

1 HBGL is Arizona Human Heath Based Guidelines

• Natural uranium contains three isotopes: U-234, U-235, and U-238. The corresponding percentages of occurrence in
rocks for these isotopes are 0.006, 0.72 and 99.27 percent by weight, respectively. However, the percent occurrence of
these isotopes relative to each other is not constant in drinking water. U-238 and U-234 are responsible for most of the
uranium in natural waters. The overall activity-to-mass of uranium ratio for the three natural isotopes of uranium in rocks
is .68pCi/ug and is frequently used to estimate the activity of total uranium measured as mass (EPA1988b; EP/VORNL
1981). The 0.68pCi/ug value is based on the natural crustal abundance of isotopes. The U-234/U-238 activity ratio of
one, that is inherent  in the assumption, rnay not be appropriate for samples taken from water. 'Ihe National Radon
Survey (EPA, 10/1985) which measured uranium as well as radon, reported a range of U-234 to U-238 activity ratios in
water of 0.7 to 32 with a geometric mean of 2.7. Using the U 234 to U 238 activity ratios of 2.7, an overall activity to
mass ratio of 1.3 pCi/ug was calculated for uranium as H occurs in drinking water (EPA 1990h: 1991o).  1 he 1.3 factor
was applied to the NIRS results to convert those data from mass (ug/L) to activity (pCi/L) for total uranium (56 FR
33068). Note the 20 ug/L  is the MCL standard not the conversion. In the 1994 Regulatory Impact Analysis, cost impacts
were estimated based on a revised best estimate of the activity to mass ratio of 0.9.

"' ADElQ assumes that the dominant isotope in total uranium is U-238. I hers the specific activity for U-238 or lolal urani-
um is - 0.338 uCi/g. Then (0.338uCi/g x 21 ug/L) - 7 pCi/L.  ADEQ uses this value as an indicator of TENORM conta-
mination. Note the 21ug/L is the guideline, not  the conversion.


Gross Alpha and Beta

    In the July 1976 regulations (41 FR 8404) and the 1991 proposed regulations, EPA set the MCLs
for the gross  alpha emitters at 15  pCi/L, and gross beta emitters  at 4 mrem/yr (40 CFR/141.15).
The MCL for beta and photon radionuclides is determined by  the annual dose equivalent to the
total body or any internal organ from the average annual beta  particle and photon radioactivity in
drinking water shall not be greater than 4 mrem/yr. The concentration of radionuclides causing 4
mrem total body or organ dose equivalents shall be  calculated  on the basis of a 2 liter per day drink-
ing water intake using the 168 hour data listed in Maximum Permissible Body Burdens arid Maximum
Permissible Concentration of Radionuclides in Air or Water for  Occupational Exposure, NBS  Handbook
69, as amended, August 1963,  U.S. Department of Commerce. If two or more radionuclides are
present, Lhc surn  of their annual close equivalent to  the total  body or to any organ shall not exceed 4
millirem/year (40 CFR/141.16).

    Compliance  with  40 CFR/141.6  requirement for radioactivity in community water systems is
achieved if the gross beta particle activity is less than  50 pCi/L, and if the analysis of tritium and Sr-9Q
10
                                                        TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
are less that 4 mrem combined dose. If the gross beta particle activity exceeds 50 pCi/L, an analysis
of the sample must be performed to identify the major radioactive constituents present. The con-
centrations shall be compared to the picoCurie levels calculated from NBS-69 to determine compli-
ance with 40 CFR/141.16 (40 CFR/141.26 (b)(l)(i)). Arizona uses the gross beta value of 50
pCi/L (calculation based on 40 CFR/141.16 applying the 4 mrem/g standard) as a guideline to
trigger analyses for other radiochernicals.

Radium

    The  1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act also established the MCL standard for
total radium (226+228) at 5 pCi/L (40 CFR/141.15). Thus, if any single isotope of radium exceeds
5 pCi/L,  it will also violate the total radium  standard. In 1991, EPA proposed to increase the MCL
for both Ra-226 and  Ra-228 to 20 pCi/L  (56 FR 33050). Because of the controversy surrounding
Lhc proposed standard, Congress prevented the proposal from  being promulgated. After passage of
the Amendments of 1996, new deadlines were established by a stipulated agreement between the
court, EPA, and parties to previous consent decrees. The agreement set November 2000 as the  date
for EPA to finalize the rules for uranium, and to either finalize new levels or justify maintaining cur-
rent levels for radium, alpha, and beta/photon emitters.

    For surface contamination, radium is very often the key radionucllde of concern (in terms of
exposure) for tailings or waste. Radium is found in equilibrium with natural unaltered uranium.
Although they were developed to address uranium mill tailings, the cleanup standards established
under the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation  Control Act (40 CFR Part 192) are often used as a gen-
eral guide for the cleanup of radium contamination. They call for a limit of 5 pCi/g total  radium
over background in the top 15 cm soil, and  15 pCi/g average over background in any layer below
that. The 5 pCi/g limit addresses external exposure, while the  15 pCi/g limit allows for the identifi-
cation of mill tailings (which usually exhibit concentrations of several hundred pCi/g)  with a hand
held instrument so that buried contamination can be reduced  to about 5pCi/g. This should main-
tain the indoor radon levels below 4 pCi/L, the  EPA Action Level.

Uranium

    There are no current federal MCLs for uranium or isotopes of uranium. Although  in 1991,  EPA
proposed a total uranium standard at 20 ug/L (56 FR 33050). The proposed 20 ug/L  is equal to 30
pCi/L. For an explanation of conversion see  Note 2 at the bottom of Table 9. The Arizona Human
Health Based Guideline (HBGL) action level for total uranium was set at 35 ug/L in 1990 and then
lowered to 21  ug/L in 1992 (ADEQ, 1992). See Note 3 at the bottom of Table 9 to explain the dif-
ference between the proposed federal and Arizona guidelines. Since the Arizona HBGL is  for total
uranium, any isotope that exceeds the total uranium guideline will surpass the HBGL  as well.

Radon

    The measured concentration of radon in public groundwater systems ranges from 200 to 600
pCi/L (ADEQ, 9/1989). The background level  of radon in Arizona is highly variable.  The average
concentration  of radon in public groundwater supplies in Arizona is 250 pCi/L (ADEQ, 9/1989).
In 1991,  EPA proposed a drinking water standard for radon at 300 pCi/L (56 FR 33050). EPA
withdrew the proposed radon standard in August of 1997.

    Section 1412(b)(9) of the Safe Drinking Water Act, as amended in 1996, states:  each revision
shall maintain or provide for greater protection of health of persons. Thus, it appears that EPA
will maintain the standards for these radionuclides established  in 1976, except for adjustments for
TENORM                                                                                 11

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                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
some nuclides that represent a greater risk than originally believed. Also, in the 1996 amendments,
Congress directed EPA to propose a radon regulation by 1999 and subsequently finalize it within a
year.

    In summary, the average crustal abundance of total uranium in rocks is 1.92 pCi/g. Uranium-
rich rocks contain greater than 7 pCi/g, usually ranging between 7 to 400 pCi/g while mineable
uranium deposits are greater than 600 pCi/g. The Arizona guideline for total uranium that leaches
into water is 21ug/L which is approximately equal to 7 pCi/L. See Note 2 on Table  9. The back-
ground level of radionuclides in Arizona is highly variable due to the widespread occurrence of ura-
nium-rich source rocks. Likely sources of the radionuclides in Arizona are the Precambrian granite
and Laramide intrusives (ADEQ, 9/1989).
B.


    The data in this report were obtained from ADEQ as part of its permitting and enforcement
    processes. The author has identified several potentially unresolved issues due to data limitations.
Most of the data on TENORM were provided by Arizona mining interests in response to specific
requests for information from ADEQ. The level of quality control between mines varied, depending
on the sampling methodology used, the laboratory conducting the analyses, the sample size, TDS
concentration, and elapsed time; although all analyses for radiochemical parameters were conducted
by EPA-certified labs. The samples contained quality splits, blanks, duplicates,  and counting errors
that were taken arid analyzed with each of the samples. All data in this report have been reviewed by
ADEQ and met the quality assurance quality control (QA/QC) standards of ADEQ s Quality
Assurance Project Plan of 1991, which  provides guidelines for ensuring the quality of geological
samples for radiochemicals. This document is referenced as part of all APPA permit requirements
and regulations of ADEQ. It should be noted that it is in the best interest of the  ruining industry to
maintain high-quality information and results. There were two instances (as noted in the text) that
showed large counting errors. ADEQ and the respective mines agreed to re-sample and re-analyze
the questionable results with lowered error values  (ADEQ, 5/1991).

    Although the data met QA/QC standards, the precision of the data provided by Arizona mining
interests (i.e., the number of counting errors and significant figures)  was not always consistent. It-
was not possible, therefore, to establish a  uniform level of significance for data  presented in this
report. Moreover,  a comprehensive presentation of error limits and precision levels in the gathering
of the data is beyond the scope of this report. Complete laboratory results, including chain-of-cus-
tody from data collection to laboratory analysis, QA/QC documentation, and margins of error, may
be found in the original reports cited in the references.

    All water laboratory results for radiochemicals presented in the tables  in the remainder of this
report are expressed in pCi/L. All sediment sample laboratory results are reported in pCi/g.
International readers note that 1 Bq = 27 pCi (or  1  pCi =  .037 Bq).
12                                                                                   TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
C.                                            and


    Uranium minerals are found in association with many primary metal deposits in Arizona. They
    are associated with the copper porphyry deposits and with vein deposits of copper, lead, and
precious metal sulfide ores (USEPA, 1990). Uranium has been mined at many precious metal, cop-
per, and base metal  sulfide mines in Arizona as a primary or secondary mineral. In many cases, dur-
ing the development of a mineral deposit, the primary mineral classification of a mine  (e.g., gold mine
or copper mine) will change. This is because the classification system is based on factors that affect
the profitability of the mine, such as: the mineral value, size of deposit, and its location. The majority
of copper mines in Arizona were mined for other metals at some time during their development.
Geologists generally agree that the presence of NORM within a particular ore deposit depends on
the regional geology, the mineral assemblage, and the geologic formation, rather than on mine type
or classification. Figure A shows the locations of the TENORM sites discussed in this document.

    The Arizona Department of Mines and Mineral Resources maintains a computerized database
known as the Arizona Mineral Industry Location System (AZMILS) that lists all known mineral
occurrences in Arizona. A section of the AZMILS database, as of 1998, identifies 421 records of
 old miner. .  .primary occurrences of uranium and another 161 records of  byproduct occur-
rences of uranium,  for a total of 582 known occurrences of uranium in Arizona. About 14 percent
or 80 of these old miner  records  of uranium are associated with copper minerals. See Figure A
for the location of these occurrences. The majority of the old miner  records came from Keith s
1970 work on uranium in the Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin 182, entitled  Coal, Oil, Natural
Gas, Helium, and Uranium in Arizona  (ABM, 1970). A list of all the old miner  records of
uranium  occurrences associated with copper are presented  in Appendices A and B of this report.
Appendix A contains sites that were verified by sample analyses, while Appendix B contains sites
that were not verified with laboratory analyses.

    The mining industry usually reports the percentage of total uranium, or  U, to indicate  the con-
centration of uranium in a sample.  The estimated percentage of uranium, or eU, is based on field
readings from hand-held scintillation  or Geiger counters. Note that 0.1 percent uranium is equal to
582.2 pCi/g.  Exploration geologists usually consider deposits containing greater than 0.1 to 0.2 per-
cent total uranium as economic  or  potentially mineable.

    A band of uranium-bearing minerals appears to extend from 10 miles (16 km) northwest of
Twin Buttes and Esperanza, across  the Sierrita Mountains, to the Black Dike mine.  Esperanza and
Twin Buttes are large open-pit porphyry copper-molybdenum mines about 25  miles (40 km) south-
southwest of Tucson and 10 miles  (16 km) southwest of Sahuarita. Twin Buttes is 4 miles  (6.4 km)
northeast of Esperanza. The New Year s Eve underground mine at Esperanza contains uraninite
(U3O8) in veinlets of molybdenite  and copper minerals in the porphyry copper deposit. Assays of
ore stockpiles indicate that uraninite contains between 0.11 to 0.18 percent eU. Uranium  was
found along the contact of a vein of copper and fluorite minerals at the Black Dike underground
mine. Radionuclides also occur in the pitchblende with manganese oxides in fractures, copper sul-
fides, and fluorite minerals in  contact metamorphosed zones between the granite and basalt dike.
Assays showed that  uranium minerals contain about 0.11 to 0.16 percent uranium (Keith,  1970).

    Uranium has  also been found at the Gismo Group in  the Las Guijas Mountains, southwest of
the Esperanza. The Gismo Group consists of several underground mines that produced  precious metals.
Sooty uraninite, kasolite, and schroeckingerite are found in association with copper minerals and iron
gossan deposits in fault-veins in the granite. Assays range from 0.012 to 0.30 percent eU (Keith, 1970).
TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    The King mine is an old silver and copper underground operation south of Tucson. The mine
is situated in a contact alteration zone, where pitchblende occurs with sulfide ores in quartz-calcite
gangue in pockets along a limestone/quartz monzonite contact. Assays show uranium ranging from
0.14 to 0.93 percent.  The Copper Squaw underground copper mine is on the Papago Indian
Reservation west of Tucson. Uranium with oxide copper and iron minerals occurs in veins in altered
andcsite and contains from 0.76 to 1.4 percent uranium (Keith, 1970).

    Other mines where uranium has been found within the southwest copper belt are the Hillside,
De La Fontaine, and  Cerbat Mountain Range group of mines.  The Hillside mine, also known as
the Seven Star claim, was extensively mined for gold, silver, and base-metal sulfides. Pitchblende
and secondary uranium carbonates were found in association with precious and base metals and flu-
oritc in open veins crosscutting the Precambrian  Yavapai Schist. Samples showed trace levels to 0.11
percent of uranium. The De La  Fontaine mine is an underground operation that was mined for
base metals.  It contains uranium mineralization in quartz and base-metal sulfide minerals that fill
the fractures and shear breccia in granite and  schist.  The Cerbat Mountain Range mines are a clus-
ter of several underground mines that includes the Detroit group, Summit mine, Bobtail mine, Jim
Kane, Monitor group, J. C. and Fort Lee, and unnamed mines in the area.  These mines were
worked for base and precious metals that contained uranium mineralization that ranged  between
0.01 to about 0.50 percent uranium. Finely disseminated uranium mineralization was found with
base metal sulfides in a shear zone that crosscuts  the granite at these mines (Keith, 1970).

    Uranium occurs  in, or near, other large copper mines in Arizona. Uranium was reported in the
sulfide ore at Bisbee,  where  it is  associated with quartz and hematite in slip planes or as crusts. Trace
amounts of uranium  were also reported in the copper mineralization at Morenci (Keith,  1970) and
in the Miami-Globe mining district,  east of Phoenix. In addition, uranium was found in copper sul-
fide ores  in schists near Globe and in the porphyry copper deposits at Miami.  The average grade of
uranium was 0.0055  percent at the Miami deposits (Still, 1962).

    Radionuclides also have been found in groundwater in Arizona. In 1992, ADEQ and the
Arizona Geological Survey investigated radon  concentrations in  the groundwater. They sampled wells
in eight areas in geologic formations known to have high  uranium concentrations. Thirty-two sam-
ples were collected from Kingman, New River, Paulden, Payson, Sierra Vista, Safford, Verde Valley,
and Yuma. The mean value for radon was 1148 pCi/L, and the median ranged between  677 to 777
pCi/L. Payson s five  wells had radon  ranging from 1750  to 6310 pCi/L. One sample out of three
from New River s wells contained 1340 pCi/L, and one sample of four wells in the Verde Valley
contained 2560 pCi/L. One sample out of four wells in Yuma contained 1450 pCi/g,  and two sam-
ples of four wells in Sierra Vista  contained 1450  and 1120 pCi/L. One sample out of four from
Safford s wells contained 1020  pCi/L of radon.  The occurrence of radon appears to be associated
with the uranium-rich granites in Payson and the Sierra Vista area, but no other clear relationship is
evident between the presence of high radon and other radiochemicals tested in Arizona (Duncan,
1992).

    Granitic rocks northwest of  Prescott are known  to contain  radionuclides. Therefore, it would be
expected that radionuclides  would be found in aquifers downgradient of the Lawler Peak Granite.
Water samples from the public water supply systems of two subdivisions in Prescott Village had
gross alpha ranging from 38 to 83 pCi/L, although uranium was not detected, and an air sample
14                                                                                 TENORM

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Figure A: Location Map of TENORM Sites
                                               Grand Canyon
                                                 *P3
           Quartzsite   V7°
                                               Phoenix	\
                                                      [        Vinto Valley
                                              „J\    J      MiamTl "Globe
                                                     Florence   V35 v33
                         ,—r	J	:
                             Ajo- New Cornelia
                                  V40 Copper Squaw Mine
                                                                Tucson  *|V38 Wilcox
                                                                Sanuarita .
                                                                  •V50 King Mine
                                                                         Sierra Vista

                                                                 •V56
                          V42 Black Dike Mine,
                                V49 Sierrita
                                Twin Buttes
                               "V51 Gismo Mine
                                    Group	1

                                       V57, 58f^ Three R^"


                                                    Nogales                 Douglas
N
     NOTE: Points in the area between Payson
            and Miami-Globe are not to scale.
                                                                     Arizona
                                                    0  510  20  30  40 50  60  70 80  90  100

                                                               Scale in miles

                                                       Reference: ADEQ 1990
TENORM
                                                                                   15

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency


analyzed for radon showed 11000 pCi/L in a Prescott house  (ADEQ, 9/1989).


D.                Field             at
    Acid mine drainage (AMD) occurs at abandoned mines in Arizona. Often, several mines or waste
    dumps contribute to the total concentration of AMD affecting the watershed in a mining area.
AMD is leachate produced from the natural decomposition of sulfide minerals at a mine. The acids
produced in this process mobilize the metals within the waste piles. Uranium is highly soluble in
acid, and is mobilized along with the other metals in the waste dumps or piles. AMD has been
detected discharging from the adits of closed underground mines and seeping from the base of waste
dumps and tailings piles of abandoned mines in Arizona.
1.

    Uranium occurs in the Bagdad mining district, some 35 miles west of Prescott: (Figure A). The
Hillside mine, a gold, silver, zinc, and lead mine situated in a fissure-type vein, is northeast of Bagdad.
Uranium was reported to be as high as 2.3 percent at this mine in 1955, when it was closed (USGS,
1955). See Figures A and B for the site locations and Tables 10 and 11  for analytical results. A 1970
study found that the average concentration of uranium at the Hillside mine was about 0.1 percent
(Keith, 1970). Samples taken by ADEQ confirmed that TENORM occurs at high concentrations in
surface water emanating from the Hillside mine. Two of the three waste piles at the mine were also
investigated: the upper tailings and middle tailings areas. Boulder Creek passes near both waste piles
and drains the area where the Lawler Peak Granite is extensively exposed at the surface upgradient
of the Hillside mine. Background radiochemical levels in  this area may be high. The nearest: back-
ground surface water samples analyzed for TENORM in this area were  taken in Prescott (Table 10).
ADEQ personnel observed discharge with an iron-red color flowing into Boulder Creek from an
open mine adit in the middle tailings area. ADEQ also observed that surface water runoff had
severely eroded all the tailings piles and washed  out mine wastes into Boulder Creek.

    Table 10 shows radiological analyses of surface water samples. Site 5 is mine water discharge
from the adit. It contained 678  pCi/L of U-238 and is believed to be  representative of the ground-
water in the mine area. Site 6 was taken  at Boulder Creek below the adit. It contained 383 pCi/L of
U-238. Site 2.1 is upgradient of Sites 5 and 6 and was taken  as a background sample (ADEQ,
4/1993). Lawler Peak Granite is known to be present: and it may be high in radionuclides.  It also
16                                                                                   TENORM

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Site
5
6
2.1 upgradient2
Bgd Prescott3
Gross Alpha
1240
644
6.9
1.9
U-238
6781
3831
11.6
0.4
                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
may be influencing the radiochemistry of the background sample.
                                           Table 10

                                             Of
                                                  April 1993 (pCi/L)

                                                             U-234           Ra-226
                                                              577             71.8
                                                              330             18.5
                                                              3.8             <0.1
                                                              1.3             0.1

Reference: ADEQ, 4/1993
1 The results have been converted from ug/L to pCi/L.
2 Background concentration of TENORM may be high in the Lawler Peak Granite in this area
' Background data from Table 8, Prescott, Arizona

    The waste dumps al the Hillside mine consist of three piles of red-orange, very fine-grained silts
arid clays. Thirteen  sediment samples were taken from the site. Table  11 shows the sediment sample
results. Figure B shows the sample locations. For purposes of comparison, the average crustal back-
ground level of total uranium and U-238 in soils is 1.23 and 0.59 pCi/L, respectively. Sites A and B
are the two profiles  shown in the upper left corner  of Figure B. At Sites A and B, samples were taken
from the terraces (AT,  BT), channel (AC), and upland areas of the upper tailings (AU, BU). Sample
BC100 is a surface grab sample of the actual tailings that may have leached out. Sample D is the
control sample for the lower tailings area. Samples E through H were taken from the middle tailings.
Sample H was taken near water sample number 6. Sample AA1 is upgradient from the upper tail-
ings  area. These  samples were also analyzed for rnetals. The results showed that the sediment and
water samples were  acidic and contained high concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, aluminum, beryl-
lium, copper, cobalt, and mercury (ADEQ,  4/1993). At least one sample of water collected from  the
TENORM                                                                                    17

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                                                                   Location Map

                                                                   r

•
A
Road
4wd Road
Stream
Water Sample
Solids Sample
Mountainous
Region
                                                         Figure B:  Hillside Mine/Boulder Creek,
                                                                    Sample Location Map
             Middle
            Tailings
              Area
Reference: ADEQ4/1993
                                                                   Feet
                                               0   1000  2000  3000  4000  5000  6000  70000 8000  9000  10000

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Gross Alpha
9.6
20.1
21.1
19.4
60.1
35.9
17.3
20.9
26.7
16.0
261
395
57.4
Table 11
Gross Beta
33.2
31.5
53.0
34.5
68.4
46.9
22.0
45.4
48.1
45.3
185
248
54,3

U-238
0.70
2.50
0.97
1.23
5.90
3.90
1.79
1.49
2.30
1.70
25.60
63.30
5.90

U-234
0.88
2.70
1.08
1.23
6.10
4,10
1.82
1.90
2.20
2.46
51.30
60.80
2.90

Ra-226
0.69
1.90
0.94
2.00
9.40
4.30
0.89
1.74
1.40
0.77
44.00
82.60
5.50
                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
tailings pile by the ADEQ in February 1991 had a field pH of 2.8. The pH measurements of
Boulder Creek were slightly alkaline and the adit discharge was slightly acidic.
Sample
A-Opposite bank
A-Terrace
A-Channel
A-Upland
B-1 errace
B-Upland
BC100-Upper Tails
D-Lower Tails
E Middle Tails
F-Middle Tails
G-Middle Tails
H-Middle Tails
AAl-Up grade1
                                                of
                                                  April 1993

Reference: ADEQ, 4/1993
1 Background concentration of NORM may be high in the Lawler Peak Granite in this area
2.

    In 1992, the Surface Water Enforcement Section of ADEQ found two more mines where
TENORM had affected surface waters in Arizona s Cerbat Mountains (ADEQ, 8/1993). The De
La Fontaine and the American Legion mines are located northwest: of Kingman, in the Stockton
Hills or Hualapai Pines mining district (Figure C). The mines are on different branches of the same
stream and arc  both free-flowing sources of AMD that are impacting surface wafer. The nearest
background surface water sample analyzed for TENORM in this area was taken in Prescott.

    The American Legion mine is an abandoned,  underground gold operation that was worked in
the 1860s.  ADEQ personnel observed a reddish-orange discharge flowing from this mine into sur-
face water during a site visit. Six samples and one background sample were collected at this site
(Table 12). Samples 1 and 2 were taken above the confluence of the De La Fontaine and American
Legion Creeks.  Samples 3 and 4 of the American Legion mine were slightly acidic (ADEQ,
8/1993). Sample  5 was a background water sample collected in the watercourse upstream of most of
TENORM                                                                                   19

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Figure C:  Cerbat Mountains Mines, Sample Location Map
                  \  -^k
              \    Bluebell
                  Mine
De  La    V
Fontaine  Mine
         a
                                                                                                   Location Map
                                                                                                    J.
                                                                                                    *
                                                                                                   /Arizona
                                                                                                        N
            1000
                                                                                                 o   Water Sample
                                                                                                 A  Solids Sample
                                                                                                 B  Shaft
                                                                                                 —< Adit
                                                                                                 ^^H Ephemeral Stream
                                                                                                 ^^^ Flowing Reach of
                                                                                                     Ephemeral Stream
                                                                                                 IM Dirt Road
                 2000 feet
                                                                                               Reference: ADEQ9/1993

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                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
the mine workings, tailings, and waste piles. Sample 6 was taken in the ephemeral section of
American Legion Creek below the confluence of Bluebell Creek. The Bluebell mine lies upstream of
sample location 5, but the workings are quite small. Table 12 shows  the results of the sample analy-
sis.
Sample
1 A (De La Fontaine)
IB (De La Fontaine)
2 A (American Legion)
2B (American Legion)
3A (American Legion)
3B (American Legion)
4 A (American Legion)
4B (American Legion)
5A (American Legion)
5B (American Legion)
6A (American Legion)
6B (American Legion)
Bgd Prescott1
Gross Alpha
55.7
43.6
53.3
54.8
55.9
67.4
154
297
158
159
66.8
68.3
1.9
U-23J


23.5
25.3
22.3
-
112
115

73.7
-
30.0
0.4
U-234
 26.6
 27.1
 23.8

 110
 117

 77.1

 33.6
 1.3
Ra-226
  3.4
  0.8
 20.3
 16.7
 16.8
 12.8
 <0.5
 <0.6

 <0.5
  0.1
                                             Table 12
                                               Of
                                                         1993 (pCi/L)

Reference: ADEQ, 8/1993
  = No Data
In the water sample  identification,  A denotes unfiliered and B denotes filtered
'Background data from Table 8, Prescott, Arizona
    Table 13 identifies the analytical results for the sediment samples taken from both mines. The
De La Fontaine mine, worked in 1943, produced lead, gold, zinc, silver, arsenic, uranium, and asso-
ciated metals.  During their 1992 site visit, ADEQ personnel observed a red and white powdery
sediment discharge flowing from the mine into surface water.
Sample
SI (De La Fontaine)
S2 (De La Fontaine)
S3 (De La Fontaine)
S4 (De La Fontaine)
S5 (De La Fontaine / -
American Legion Confluence)
S6 (American Legion)
S7 (American Legion)

Reference: ADEQ, 8/1993
Gross Alpha
44.3
95.8
8.2
73.0
171
62.3
15.1
Gross Beta
52.5
134
30.8
94.2
57.2
93.4
23.4
U-238
4.9
9.9
0.99
6.9
6.6
4.2
6.8
U-234
4.8
10.8
0.87
7.8
6.7
22.8
7.0
Ra-226
5.3
12.8
0.71
18.4
7.2
7.4
0.94
TENORM
                           21

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                                  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
                                               Table 13

                             Radiological Analyses of Sediment Samples
                               Cerbat Mountains, August 1993 (pCi/g)

         All the soils data from the Cerbat Mountains  and Boulder Creek were aggregated and plotted
     on the bar graph shown in Figure D. To show the magnitude of the high and low variations between
     background and the data, a logarithmic scale was used for the abscissa and on the ordinate,  the
     radiochemical species were plotted. For each radionuclide, a bar was plotted representing each site.
     The spread of the data or (minimum to maximum values) is the highlighted area. The total number
     of data points is shown at the base of each bar. The background and federal and state guidelines were
     also plotted when available. Comparison of the  soils data from the mines in the Cerbat Mountains
     and the Hillside mine are remarkably similar to the background levels of U-238 and Ra-226 found
     in each area. This may mean that the waste piles are unmineralized rock, mined during drift devel-
     opment to the ore deposits, or that the samples  have  been leached to within background levels.
10000
                                                                                           Legend

                                                                                          Mine Sites
                                                                                        American Legion AL

                                                                                        De la Fontaine DF

                                                                                        Hillside  HS

                                                                                        Background &
                                                                                        Up Gradient

                                                                                        Federal & State
                                                                                        Standards
                                                                                   16= Number of
                                                                                        Data Points
                                                                                    Reference: ADEQ8/1993
                                                                     < a
                                                                      Ra-226
                                     Radiochemicals

      U-238 background values based on average values for rocks and U rich rocks in AZ
     Figure D:  Bar Graph of All Soil Sample Data
     3.  Three R Mine

         ADEQ, Water Quality Division personnel found TENORM in water discharging from the Three
     R underground silver mine near Patagonia in the Patagonia Mountains (Figure E). This deposit is a
     nearly vertical lense of chalcocite in a northwest-trending fault zone. It contains uranium (ranging
     22
TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
from 0.02 to 0.07 percent uranium) associated with copper sulfides (ABM, 1970).

    Six water samples were collected during site visits in 1992-93. Samples 1 and 4 were taken 2 miles
(3 kin) downstream at the confluence of Three R and Maggies Canyon. Sample 1 was not tested for
radiochemicals, but analytical results showed high concentrations of Cu and Fe, as well as low pH.
Sample 2 was collected downgradient of the Three R mine in the canyon. Samples 3 and 6 were
taken from stope water near the 400-foot (122-meter) adit (Three R,  1992). Sample 5 was taken at
the first emergence of groundwater flow in the canyon below the 600-foot (183-meter) adit (ADEQ,
7/1993).  Table 14 summarizes the results.

    During the Three R mine investigation, ADEQ collected a background sample at Maggies
Tank, a manmade impoundment used for watering livestock that lies in the Maggies Canyon water-
shed south of Three R Canyon watershed. The sample had gross alpha and beta values which may
be somewhat elevated because the Lank is shallow and is not a flow through water body. Conse-
quently, constituents may be concentrated through evaporation. The  reported total dissolved  solids
(TDS) for the sample collected from Maggies Tank is higher than other samples in the area, which
may indicate that some concentration has occurred. The nearest background surface water samples
analyzed for TENORM in this area were taken at Nogales Lo the west and  Sierra Vista to the east of
Patagonia.
Sample                Gross Alpha Gross Beta   U-238      U-234     U-235     Ra-226     Ra-228
2 (6/92)
3 (6/92)
4 (7/93)
5 (7/93)
6 (7/93)
MT (7/93)
Bgd Nogales"1
Bgd Sierra Vista Low1

                                           Table 14

                                                  Of
                               the Three R       July       (pCi/L)

Reference: ADEQ, 7/1993
 - = No data, BDL = Below Detection Limits
1 Background data from Table 8, Nogales and Sierra Vista Hi and Low
    In summary, field observations, water samples, and soil and sediment samples clearly show that
uranium mineralization is associated with some copper deposits in Arizona.
139
35
53.7
131.6
(BDL)
5.61
4.0
1.0
128
37
54.33
126.74
10.24
49.91
5.0
0.3


30.98
23.02
22.60
0.12
3.3



52.13
34.10
32.74
0.19
4.2



1.36
1.42
0.98
<0.04




<0.67 (BDL)
10.38
-
0.10




<1.70
(BDL)
55.45
-


TENORM

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Figure E:
Three R Mine,
Sample Location Map
                             Three R Canyon
                                                                                Three R Mine
                                                                                          -  5600 ft.
     Three R Mine -Water And Sediment Samples of July 27-28,1993


                     )   Watershed Boundary ^
                     '               ^-         Coronado National Forest
      0  500 1000    2000 feet
                                                                          Three R Mine - Streambed Sediments, Tailings and
                                                                                 Waste Rock Samples July 28, 1993
                                                                         Lower Waste
                                                                         Rock Dump
Middle Waste
Rock Dump^  f^400n. level adit
                                                                                                                /Upper Waste
                                                                                                                  Rock Dump
— - . Dirt Road/4wd Jeep Trail
^^^& Ephermeral Stream
5200' Elevation of Mine
| 	 | Tailings or Waste Rock
                                                                                 0    100
                                                                                                            500 Feet

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                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
IV.   URANIUM  RECOVERY AT
        COPPER  MINES
    New technology emerged in the 1980s that significantly changed copper mining operations. SX-EW
    processes made it profitable to process low concentrations of naturally occurring AMD that were
seeping from many copper waste dumps. Additional technologies were developed to expedite the
natural process of leaching. For example, the production of AMD can be increased by adding lixivent
solutions. These solutions are typically acids produced either in the air scrubber units at the smelter,
or raffinate produced from the SX-EW operation. The leachate is then recovered at the base of the
dump in sumps and pumped to holding ponds for processing at the SX-EW plant. When the leachate
is recovered for processing, it is referred to as PLS, which, by definition, is a process solution and is
therefore not regulated by EPA. If low-grade ores contain any TENORM minerals, they will be leached
out along with the other metals.


A.

  It is common knowledge within the mining community that uranium was produced as a byprod-
  uct of copper leaching operations prior to the 1980s, although documentation of this production
has been difficult to obtain. Uranium was produced in the southwestern copper belt near Sahuaita,
Arizona, at the Twin Buttes Anamax uranium plant. The mine producing the ore for the plant is
located due south of Tucson, near Sahuaita. The ore body contains both sulfide and oxide zones.
Trace levels of uranium, typically  at levels approaching 10 ppm (6.87 pCi/g), were found in the
oxide ore zone. The source of the radioactive mineralization was residual radioactivity from the
Tertiary intrusions. Hydrothermal fluids from these intrusions mineralized the nearby Paleozoic
quartzites, limestones, and siltstones, creating vein deposits of sulfide ore in the Mesozoic volcan-
oclastics. The  oxide ore was formed as a result of surface oxidation of the sulfide ore body prior to
being covered by  alluvial deposits. Supergcne enrichment of the ore body concentrated the copper
and radionuclides in the oxide zone (ADHS,  1985; Hopkins,  1977).

    Uranium was produced as a byproduct of the oxide ore SX-EW operation at the Twin Buttes
mine.  Operations at Twin Buttes  consisted of a mill and vat leaching and electrowinning plant with
a single tailings pond. In the early 1970s, during the development of the copper oxide plant, low
levels of uranium were discovered in the PLS. At that Lime, the uranium was not considered eco-
nomically extractable. Later in 1975, when the copper oxide plant was brought on line, uranium
prices  had increased considerably, making uranium extraction economically feasible. An eluex-ion
exchange unit extraction process was built to  extract the uranium and the plant was commissioned
in February 1980. After the uranium was extracted from the PLS, the remaining copper-rich solu-
tion was pumped back to  the SX plant where the copper was recovered. In 1981, 118 tons of yellow
cake were produced. The yellow cake contained 73.19 percent uranium, 22.34 percent ammonium,
3.38 percent sulfur, 0.2 percent iron, 0.86 percent water, and 0.03 percent insolubles. The secondary
uranium plant was believed to have operated  between 1980 to 1986 (Hopkins, 1977; Lorenz,  1982;
C. AMAX, 1987; AMAX, 1988).
TENORM                                                                             25

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                             U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
    Samples of the oxide tailings liquid taken from the Anamax uranium plant in January and
February of 1984 showed Th-230 concentrations in the 1500 to 2500 pCi/L range. The total urani-
um concentrations of the same samples were in the 1020 to 1300 pCi/L range (ADHS,  1985  see
Table 15).
                                           Table 15

                                 Of Twin                                   (pCi/L)

                        Sample                   Th-230      Total U
                        Oxide tailing pond 1/95       1500        1020
                        Oxide tailing pond 2/95       2500        1 300
    The Arizona Radiation Regulation Agency (ARRA) regulated the recovery of secondary uranium
and licensed the facility (Lie. No. 10-72). The facility license required that the throughput: not: exceed
600 Ibs/day (273 kg/day) and that storage would not exceed 63630 kgs of U3O8. During the facili-
ty s operating period it was inspected, and soil, groundwatcr, and air were monitored at the yellow
cake drier. The uranium processing unit did not produce tailings, although organic acid wastes were
produced as a result of the  solvent extraction operation. The disposition of these liquid wastes
(petroleum-based chemicals) is unknown to the author of this report. No elevated levels of radionu-
clides were detected during quarterly environmental sampling by the ARRA (ARRA,  1987). Due to
the drop in price of uranium in the early to middle 1980s, most of these  units have been shut down
and dismantled. The solvent extraction ion exchange uranium plant at Anamax has been decommis-
sioned for almost a decade. In 1994, the secondary uranium recovery circuit at Twin Buttes was dis-
mantled. The author does  not know the disposition of the wastes  in the oxide tailing pond nor the
type of closure.

    In 1997, Cyprus Sierrita Corporation submitted an APPA to  ADEQ that covered the oxide and
the electrowinning (OX-EW) plant area of the Twin Buttes mine. The mine and tailings pond are
not covered in this permit. Five monitoring wells were installed and sampled at the OX-EW plant.
See Figure F for the location of the monitoring wells. Analyses of the groundwater beneath the OX-
EW  plant showed radiochemicals. The plant is located on the margin of the Santa Cruz basin that
forms a trough to the southeast of the mine. The two stratigraphic units underneath the plant: are
alluvial basin fill deposits of interbedded sand and gravel with silts and clays, and intrusive granodi-
orite. The basin fill deposits thicken from 10 to 130 feet beneath the plant and are saturated. Under-
laying the basin fill deposits is the Ruby Star Granodiorite Tertiary intrusive. All the monitoring
wells are completed within the intrusive unit, which is  saturated. The water table conforms to the
bottom of the  basin and locally thickens from 5 to  10 feet and dips to the southeast.  Groundwater
flow is to the southeast, as indicated by the hydraulic heads (Figure F).

    Radiological analyses of groundwater samples from the five monitoring wells are shown in
Table 16. Monitoring wells MW-14 and 15 are upgradient of the  OX-EW plant and may be used to
establish background levels. Monitoring wells MW-17  and MW 18 are located about 400 feet due
east of electrowinning plant and 250 feet south of the wash water ponds.  Both are directly downgra-
dient of the OX-EW plant. Samples from monitoring well MW-17 contained gross alpha ranging
26                                                                                  TENORM

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o
r\j
                                                                        Figure F: Twin Buttes, Sample Location Map
                                                                          EWWash Sump
                                                                          B-j-t Dnmn
                                                                          BackPump
                                                                  Thickeners
                                                                  & Clarifiers
                Reference: \ AMAX 1997
                Location Map
                                                                                                Wash Water
                                                                                                Ponds
                                                                                                         Solvent Extr
                                                                                                       i— Sludge Pump
                                                                                ru*-.in.OJ    MW-17  IX      Back Sump

                                                                                EW Plant!    .    i/^^vJI
                                                                                           |
                                                                                                      Main Drainage
                                                 16,000
                                                            Reference: Cyprus 11/1997
                                                                                         18,000
                                                                                                                                20,000

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                             U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
from 144 to 268 pCi/L and gross beta ranging from 123 to 234 pCi/L. Similarly, samples from
monitoring well MW-18 contained gross alpha ranging from 157 to 163 pCi/L and gross beta rang-
ing from 113 to 131 pCi/L. MW-16 is also downgradient of the plant,  but appears to be relatively
unaffected.
                                           Table 16
                                             Of            Well
                                                       1991 (pCi/L)
Monitoring Wells
MW-14 12/23/97
4/6/98
MW-15 7/10/97
8/26/97
MW-16 7/1 1/97
8/21/97
MW-17 7/31/97
8/25/97
MW-18 7/24/97
8/25/97
Gross Alpha
41
70
30
42
62
53
268
144
163
157
Gross Beta
36
8
42
28
29
35
234
123
131
113
Total U
0.27
0.39
0.27
0.30
0.56
0.65
3.64
3.43
1.51
3.30
Ra-226
3.6
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.3
4.6
0.0
Ra-228
6.2
3.3
1.2
0.0
0.5
1.7
1.3
0.1
0.0
0.8
Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold
Reference: Cyprus, ll/1997a
    The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission explored for uranium at Bisbee in 1948. Then in 1977,
Phelps Dodge Corporation was granted a permit by the Arizona Atomic Energy Commission to
store and process a limited amount of radioactive material at the Copper Queen facility in Bisbee.
The Copper Queen facility was leaching the Lavender Pit low-grade ore al the Number 7 wasLc
dump. This leach solution was pumped to a cementation leach plant near the Campbell shaft,
where Phelps Dodge installed a secondary resin-type ion-exchange pilot plant to test the feasibility
of uranium recovery (Az Pay Dirt, 1979).

    This information confirms that at least two copper mines  in the southwestern copper belt of
Arizona operated secondary uranium recovery units and produced yellow cake.
28
TENORM

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                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency




V.   TENORM  DATA  FROM  ACTIVE


       COPPER  MINES




A.


   The records of the ADEQ, Aquifer Protection Permit section, provide two examples of
   TENORM concentrations that were found at Magma Copper Company s smelter arid concen-
trator operations at San Manual. All of Magma s facilities were sold to BHP in 1995. TENORM
was discussed in Magma Coppers 1991 permit  modification that requested permission Lo process
non-indigenous copper sulfate solution through their SX-EW facility at San Manuel. The resultant
stripped acid-leach solution (raffinate) would be mixed in the existing raffinate pond and recycled to
the leach operations. Analyses showed that the copper sulfate solution contained 75 pCi/L gross
alpha and 104 pCi/L gross beta (Magma, 1991). If procedures were conducted as planned, an addi-
tional source of TENORM would have been introduced into the leach circuit and recycled back to
the heap leach operation.

    Another example of TENORM was discussed in Magma s 1992 permit modification request
to process flash furnace and convertor vessel flue dust from the smelter. Analyses of the indigenous
flue dust leachate showed that it contained 4100 pCi/L gross alpha with 4400 pCi/L gross beta
(Magma, 1992  see Table 17). The permit proposed to process the flue dust by agitated vat-leach-
ing methods. The resultant PLS would be processed in its own separate solvent extraction unit-


                                       Table 17

                                                                   (pCi/L)

                                                        Ra-226        Ra-228
                                                          <]            <2
                                                          20            7.1

        References: Magma, 1992; Magma, 1991
    The source of the radiation in the flue dust may originate from the ore concentrates, or the nat-
ural gas used in the smelter, or it may come from some other source. The 1991 and 1992 permit
modifications were proposed with the addition of a lime precipitator unit at the end of the SX-EW
unit. The solids from the precipitator unit were proposed to be disposed of in the tailings pond at
the mill, and the  resulting raffinate was to be recycled in the leach circuit. The flue dust reprocess-
ing unit is fully constructed but not operating, awaiting resolution of other permit issues. To date,
the flue dust is being reintroduced into the smelter along with the feed stocks.

    ADEQ  has divided Magrna s facilities into two APPAs: the smelter and concentrator area,
which includes the tailings ponds and the mill, and the mine and heap leach area. Nine monitoring
TENORM                                                                          29
Sample
CuS04 Solution
blue Dust Leachate
Gross Alpha
75
4100
Gross Beta
104
4400

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                             U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
wells were installed in the smelter/concentrator plant area. Water quality data have been collected at
several monitoring points up- and downgradient of the tailings impoundments on San Padro River.
The ADEQ Mining Unit suggested that the Surface Water Section perform radiochemical analyses
on future samples. New groundwater monitoring data  from these wells is expected  in 1999.

    Based on the information above,  radionuclide concentrations in some of the copper processing
waste streams may be  significantly above the natural crustal abundance.


B.             and

    Several Arizona copper ore bodies are either Loo deep or are Loo low-grade to be mined by con-
    ventional surface or underground methods. However, in-situ solution  mining may be an eco-
nomical option. There are several in-situ solution copper mines in the Arizona copper mining belt.
High levels of TENORM have been found in the PLS of two in-situ leach operations in Arizona.

    Typically, an in-situ copper mining company will  be required to undergo a joint ADEQ-EPA
permitting process. EPA issues a federally-administered Class III Underground Injection Control
(UIC) permit and an aquifer exemption permit that focus on the subsurface injection and restora-
tion activities. ADEQ initiates an APPA process that focuses on both subsurface  activities and the
surface facilities and impoundments.

    A proposed operation must meet both of the following two criteria for an aquifer exemption:
1) the aquifer must not currently serve as a source  of drinking water and 2) the permit applicant
must  demonstrate that the deposit contains minerals that are expected to be commercially pro-
ducible. The permit covers the construction, operation, and eventual closure of the injection and
recovery wells system and surface facilities and impoundments. The permit also defines the lateral
and vertical boundaries of the proposed aquifer exemption.

    A typical in-situ facility contains raffinate impoundments and processing facilities for the injec-
tate (a lixivent solution of sulfuric acid with a pH of 2), a PLS impoundment,  a SX/EW plant, sur-
face run-on/run-off facilities, an evaporation impoundment, a non-storm water containment impound-
ment, and ancillary facilities. The mining area is usually divided into discrete mining units. Injection
mining proceeds on a  unit-by-unit basis until the ore zone is depleted. Injection  occurs within the
screened  interval throughout the  ore zone. The recovery wells are constructed 50 feet to 200 feet
from  the injection wells, depending on  the permeability of the formation,  and  are screened in the
same  zone. Once the ore zone has been depleted, it will be rinsed with fresh formation water until
the aquifer meets Aquifer Water Quality Standards (AWQS) and Primary MCLs.
1.  BHP

    BHP Copper Florence (formerly Magma Florence) was granted a UIC permit (No 396000001)
and aquifer exemption to operate an in-situ copper mine located two miles northwest of Florence,
Arizona. The Gila River flows southwest and its floodplain is about 1/4 mile south of the mine. The
copper ore body is between 400 feet and 1600 feet deep in highly fractured Precambrian granite,
gneiss, and schist. The ore zone is about 250 acres wide. The water table is 130 feet below the sur-
face and the ore body is within the saturated zone. The local stratigraphy consists of four hydrogeo-
logic units. The uppermost alluvial unit is an upper basin fill that consists of interbedded gravels,
 30                                                                                 TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
sands, and silt lenses. The second unit is a middle silt and clay fine grained formation. A lower allu-
vial unit consists of conglomeratic gravel and sand. The basin fill are underlain by fractured igneous
and metamorphic rocks that contain the ore body. ADEQ is currently in the process of reviewing
BHP s APPA.

    In January of 1996, BHP (Magma) conducted a column leach test to characterize the  leachabili-
ty of the mineralized zone and determine the chemical  composition of the resultant PLS. Samples of
ore-bearing quartz monzonite and granodiorite were leached for 58 days with 10 liters of sulfuric acid
arid maintained in  a closed system at a pH of 1.5 to  1.7. The PLS was analyzed for common ions,
metals and radiochemicals. The TDS and sulfate concentration at the end of the test was 26000 to
37000 rng/L for the quartz monzonite and 18000 to 23000 rng/L for the granodiorite. The gross
alpha and beta activities for the quartz monzonite were 8649 and 3683 pCi/L, respectively. Similarly,
the gross alpha and beta activities for the granodiorite were 897 and 612 pCi/L, respectively. The
Ra-226 concentration of both samples was 33.6  pCi/L  for the quartz monzonite and 19.5  pCi/L for
the granodiorite. The total uranium, U-234,  U-235, U-238 for the quartz monzonite were 4362,
1745, 598, and 1611 pCi/L and for the granodiorite 0.835, 254, 11.6, and  248 pCi/L,  respectively
(Table 18).

    Subsequently,  the raffinate from the PLS was recirculated into the leach system for another 19
days. Then the samples were drained and washed with groundwater for another 14 days in an open
system. At the end of the wash test, the solution was tested for radiochemicals. The gross alpha and
beta activities for the quartz monzonite and granodiorite were reduced to  11 and  3 (alpha) and <8
and <8 (beta) pCi/L for both the quartz monzonite and granodiorite. The Ra-226 and Ra-228 con-
centration was also reduced in both samples.  The total  uranium, U-234, and U-238 were  10, 27.3,
20.7 and 1.2, 6.8, and 4.82 pCi/L, respectively (Magma, 1/1996). The analytic results are shown in
Table 18 (Magma, 1/1996).  In all cases the quartz monzonite showed  higher levels of radiochemi-
cals than the granodiorite. The range of background levels alpha and beta activity and Ra-222 are
shown at the bottom of the Table 18.
                                                18
                                               of       Test
                                In-Situ         Project, January 1996 (pCi/L)
Sample
Leach Test
quartz monzonite
granodiorite
Wash Test
quartz monzonite
granodiorite
Bgd Florence1
High
Low
Gross Alpha

8649
897

11
<8

3.0
1.0
Gross Beta

3683
612

3
<8

14.0
4.0
Total-U

4362
0.84

10
1.2



U-234

1745
254

27.3
6.8



U-235

598
11.6

0.6
<0.6



U-238

1611
248

20.7
4.82



Ra-226

33.6
19.5

2.5
<0.6

0.1

Ra-228

<2
<2

4
<3



Ro-222

810
243

5.3
7.9

236
197.8
Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold
Reference: Magma, 1/1996
 = No data
1 Background data from Table 8, Florence, Arizona


TENORM

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                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    These data indicate that the PLS produced from the Magma Florence  in-situ projects contain
very high levels of radionuclides and that they are leachable.
2.

    On October 30, 1994, ADEQ and EPA granted ASARCO Santa Cruz Inc. an EPA-issued UIC
permit (No 397000001) and an Aquifer Protection Permit (No P-101431) to operate an in-situ
copper mining research facility. The site is seven miles west of Casa Grande and consists of a five
spot well field containing four recovery wells and one injection well. The permit approved plans for
down hole perforation of well casing and hydraulic fracturing of the aquifer test area, followed by
injection testing using sulfuric acid for development and redevelopment and sodium bromide tracer
testing during the mining phase. Surface treatment facilities included four evaporation ponds, one
PLS pond, and one raffinate reservoir.

    There are three geologic units beneath the Santa  Cruz site. Six hundred feet of basin-fill
deposits overlie 600 to 650 feet of Tertiary age conglomerate that lie upon the Precambrian  granite.
The basin-fill deposits comprise the principal aquifer in the mining area and the groundwater level
in the basin-fill aquifer is about 490 feet below the surface. The copper mineralized zone begins at
about 1100 feet. It includes a cap rock and an oxide and sulfide zone that extends to over 2360 feet.

    The 4th  Quarter  1996  monitoring report included radiochemical analyses of the raffinate and
PLS. Total uranium of the  raffinate and the PLS is 4.1 and 2.6 rng/L with 6800 and 4410 pCi/L
gross alpha and 193 and 99 pCi/L Ra-226 (Table 19).
                                           Table 19

                                                         ASARCO        Cruz
                        In-Situ                          1991 (pCi/L)

        Sample
        Raffinate
        Pregnant Leach Solution
        Bgd Casa Grande1

        Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold
        Reference: ASARCO, 1997
         - No Data
        1 Background data from Table 8, Casa Grande
    These results confirm that uranium occurs in the PLS and raffinate of the process streams at the
Santa Cruz in-situ copper operation.
Gross Alpha
6800
4410
20
Total U
2870
1823
6.0
Ra-226
193
99
0.1
Ra-228
19
8.3

Ro-222
2410
3760
544.2
                                                                                     TENORM

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                             U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
c.
1.
    The Cyprus Bagdad mine is located in Yavapai County about 64 miles due west of Prescott,
Arizona, along Highway 69. It is a porphyry copper deposit being mined by open pit methods. The
major components of the operation are the mine, the sulfide flotation concentrator that recovers
copper and molybdenum sulfide concentrates, and the leach dump that recovers oxide ore solutions
using SX-EW. Facilities at the mine site include the open pit mine, the concentrator, ore and con-
centrate stockpiles, the SX-EW  facility, the active and inactive leach dumps, mine waste rock
dumps, and active and inactive tailings ponds. The Cyprus Bagdad site is divided into ten hydroge-
ologic drainage areas that are addressed in separate sections of the APPA. Three of these areas have
been found to contain TENORM  the Copper Creek leach dump, Lawler Peak, and the Hillside
Loadout area (Cyprus 6/1993).

a)

    In May 1991, during routine monitoring, Cyprus Bagdad  discovered surface water contamination
in Boulder Creek. Samples showed lowered pH and elevated copper levels in Boulder Creek.
Further investigation revealed that  the contaminants originated from leaks in the PLS pond into
Copper Creek. Cyprus Bagdad initiated remedial response measures. Surnps were excavated into the
alluvium of Copper Creek and extracted contaminated groundwater migrating  clown Copper Creek
before entering Boulder Creek. In January of 1992,  samples taken from these sumps  were found to
contain radiochemicals (Figure G). Samples from four sumps (S), two monitoring wells (MW), and
three surface water stations on Boulder Creek were  collected and analyzed for TENORM (Cyprus,
1992). MW-1 and MW-2 are located near the PLS pond at the base of the leach dump. No samples
were taken directly from the PLS pond or the flood basin. Table 20 summarizes these water sample
results. Subsequently, Cyprus Bagdad installed two compliance monitoring wells for the remedia-
tion of the remaining contaminated groundwater in the lower Copper  Creek area.

                                                20
                                                                  Of
                                                                   1992 (pCi/L)
Sample                           Gross Alpha              Ra-226                 Ra-228
Boulder Creek 2 UG                    19                   BDL                   BDL
Boulder Creek 1 DG                    84                   BDL                    2
Boulder Creek 0 DG                    20                   BDL                   BDL
Sump 4                              18                   BDL                   BDL
Sump?)                              <2                    0.8                    BDL
Sump 2                              27                   BDL                    7
Sump 1                              10                    0.6                     2
Monitor Well-1                        58                   10.8                    31
Monitor Well-2                         8                    12.9                    2
Bgd Prescott1                          1.9                    0.1

Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold
Reference: Cyprus, 1992
BDL = Below detection limits. - = No Data, DG = downgrade, UG=Upgrade,
1 Background data from Table 8, Prescott, Arizona

TENORM                                                                                  33

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Figure G:  Copper Creek, Sample Location Map
    BC-O
                            BC-1
                            269
   S    Sump A
   BC   Boulder Creek •
   MW  Monitoring Well •
   PLS  Pregnant Leach Solution
 Reference: Cyprus 1992 & 6/1993
                               Soil cut-off wall
    N
                         Scale in Feet

                         0  50 100
                                                                                               Location Map
                                                                                               I Arizona
Cutoff
Wall
                                                                                                Leach dump

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
b)

    The Lawler Peak drainage basin forms a well-defined hydrogeologic area that encompasses part
of the Bagdad open pit and Copper and Butte Creeks. Mine waste dumps fill the former channels
of Copper and Butte Creeks with Coors Lake in the middle. The Lawler Peak area also contains a
sanitary landfill, a stockpile of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, a proposed solid waste management
facility, and various mine facilities,  in addition to the waste rock dumps. In  October 1993, Cyprus
Bagdad submitted a groundwater investigation of the Lawler Peak drainage basin that contained
radiochemical data showing elevated levels of TENORM in the surface and  groundwater (Cyprus
10/1993).

    Five surface water samples were collected from springs and adits in the Lawler Peak Granite.
Samples SW-2 and SW-4 were taken from standing water in mine adits. Samples SW-1 and SW-3
were taken from pools of standing water in springs near mining areas.  Sample SW-5 was taken at
the base of Little Lawler Peak and is not associated with historical mining areas. See Figure H for
the location of these samples. The data are summarized in Table 21. The analytical  results of the
surface water samples show elevated radiochemical activities. Cyprus Bagdad suggests that this may
be due to high background levels from the Lawler Peak Granite at the site. The adit samples and
SW-5 show lower levels of radiochemicals than the other two springs.  The data show that SW-3
exceeds federal MCLs and ADEQ HBGL for both uranium and radium, while SW-1 exceeds only
uranium guidelines. The four water samples collected from Coors Lake  are unremarkable with respect
to alpha and beta activities, indicating the groundwater leaching from  the Lawler  Peak Granite or
the leach dumps has not affected the lake.

    Four ground water monitoring wells were installed,  sampled, and  analyzed for radiochemicals.
Groundwater occurs in the waste dumps and flows generally to the southwest. All four monitoring
wells were completed in the Copper Creek alluvial deposits buried beneath the waste rock dumps at
127 to 132 feet below surface. The radiochemical data show that the groundwater is high in U-234
and U-238  exceeding the ADEQ HBGL. Cyprus Bagdad suggests that the clay layer beneath the
Copper Creek channel sediments is the source of the elevated radionuclides, rather than leachate
from the waste rocks,  since the clay may be a host for heavy metals like uranium and its daughter
isotopes because of the high cation exchange capacity.  The author believes that  further investiga-
tion is needed to resolve this issue.
TENORM

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Figure H:  Lawler Peak, Sample Location Map
                                                                   3750
                                                              sw-8 x<-x (  coors Lake
                                                               •$•   sw-9
                                                                                                                              Location Map
                                                                                                                               r
                                                                                                                                r
Monitoring Well

Surface Water
Sample Location

Mine Shaft

Adit

Hydrogeologic
Area Boundary

Prospect

Mountainous
Region
                                                                                                                           Reference: Cyprus 10/1993

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                              U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
                                            Table 21
                                                                    Of
                                                                1993 (pCi/L)
Site -Well ID
Ground wa ter Sam pies
MW I
MW2
MW 3
MW 4
.Surface Water Samples
SW I Spring
SW-2 Adit
SW-3 Spring
SW-4 Adit
SW-5 Spring
Coors Lake Samples
SW-6
SW 7
SW-8
SW-9
BDG Prescott1
Gross Alpha

18.3
13.2
52.8
33

23.5
13.7
57.1
1.1
3.3

3.0
1.5
0.6
2.8
1.9
Gross Beta

72.7
ND
19.9
4,1

6.7
3.1
59.8
6.6
ND

11.4
8.7
7.7
5.7
1.1
Total-U2

12.6
14.0
26.6
30.1

18.9
19.6
32.9
0.7
2.1

0.7
1.4
1.4
0.7

U-234

6.8
8.0
14.4
16.6

33.9
16.2
21.9
1.1
2.1




-
1.3
U-235

0.4
0.3
1.2
0.7

0.8
1.2
2.9
ND
0.1




-
_
U-238

6.0
6.8
15.3
15.1

12.0
9.1
18.7
0.8
1.3




-
0.4
Ra-226

1.4
0.7
4.2
1.2

0.4
0.2
19.3
0.3
0.2




-
0.1
Ra-22

2.0
0.1
1.9
1.5

1.9
0.2
17.8
4.4
3.1




-
_
Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold
Reference: Cyprus, 1 0/1 993
ND - Not Delected, -  - No  Data
'Background data from Table 8, Prescott, Arizona
2Converted from mg/L to pGi  assumes equilibrium condition for Tot-U=(mg/L)(701.000pCi/L)(10-6
=PCi/L
c)

    The Hillside Loadout property is near Lhc small town of Hillside, Arizona, approximately 18
miles southeast: of Bagdad on Highway 96 (Figure I). The property handles the transfer of copper
sulfide from the Cyprus Bagdad mine concentrator. Concentrates are hauled  by truck from the
mine at Bagdad to Hillside, where they are temporarily stockpiled arid reloaded into railroad cars. In
December of 1993, Cyprus Bagdad submitted a groundwater investigation of the Hillside Loadout
property that contained radiochemical data showing high levels of TENORM in the groundwater
(Cyprus 12/1993).

    The property is underlain by a northeast trending paleochannel that was eroded in the Precambrian
crystalline basement rocks. The paleochannel is filled with interbeded sedimentary and volcanic rocks
consisting of Tertiary alluvial gravels and Tertiary basalt. A thin Quaternary alluvial fan deposit
overlays the Tertiary deposits. Both the alluvial sediments and Tertiary gravels are interbeded with
clay rich layers that reduce the vertical hydraulic conductivities of the units. All units are saturated
beneath the surface with the Tertiary gravels forming an artesian aquifer (Figure J). Elevated  copper
TENORM

-------
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                                                                                                                                                                en

                                                                                                                                                                 i
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                                                                                                                                                                 OJ
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                                                                                                                                                                 O

                                                                                                                                                                 s
                                                                                                                                                                 Tl
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                                                                                                                                                                 OJ
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-------
  4000
o 3800
  3600
                  -Qaf
                                         HMW-798 -|  r HMW-799
                                       Qaf-
i  r1
                     pCg
                                                                                                            Figure J:  Hillside Loadout Facility,
                                                                                                                         Geologic Map
                                                                                                                             Location Map
                                                                                                 R. 6W.
                                                                                                T. 13 N.

                                                                                                T. 12 N.
                                                                                                  N
                                                                                             4000 i—
                                                                                             3800
                                                                                          ffi  3600
                                                                                             3400
                                                                                                                              Arizona
                                                                                                                              Ground Water Monitoring Well
                                                                                                                              Precambrian Granite
                                                                                                                        Tg   Tertiary Gravels and
                                                                                                                       	1  Basin Fill
                                                                             Quaternary Alluvial Fan
                                                                             Deposits


                                                                             Tertiary Basalt Flows



                                                                             CBCC Boundary


                                                                             Road

                                                                             Railroad
                                                                        Reference: Cyprus 12/1993


                                                                         0  1000  2000 3000  4000

                                                                              I	1     I
                                                                               Scale in feet

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                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
concentrations were found in the soils at the site. Four groundwater monitoring wells were installed
and sampled to characterize the water quality. Monitoring wells MW-1 and MW-3 were completed
in the Tertiary gravels, monitoring well MW-2 was screened in the Tertiary basalt, and monitoring
well MW-2A was completed in the alluvial fan deposits.

    The gross alpha and beta values from monitoring well MW-2 are 100 and 136 pCi/L and the
gross beta activity for MW-2A  is  215 pCi/L. This may be due to an unknown isotope other than
the uranium or radium. Both the U-234 and Ra-228 in MW-1 exceed the Arizona 7pCi/L HBGL
arid the federal radium standard of 5pCi/L.  Remarkably, its gross alpha and beta activity are low.
Radon values of all four samples are very high. The source of all the radionuclides at the Hillside
Loadout facility is unknown. Analytical results are presented in Table 22.
                                                 22
                                                                   Of
                                                Facility,                  (pCi/L)

Site-Well ID    Gross Alpha  Gross Beta Total-IP   U-234   U-235   U-238   Ra-226   Ra-228   Ro-222
MW 1
MW-2
MW-2A
MW-3
MW-3 Dup
BDG Prescott1
5.! 5
100
0.8
3.1
2.5
1.9
3.6
136
215
7.5
8
1.1
3.5
<0.7
<0.7
<0.7
<0.7

8.2
1.8
1.3
2.5
1.9
1.3
0.1
0.1
ND
0.1
0.1
-
2.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.4
1.6
1.4
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.1
6.2
ND
0.5
ND
2.2
-
3540
3680
2690
2910
3180
859.9
Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold
Reference: Cyprus, 1 2/1 993
ND = Not Detected, - = No Data
1 Background data from Table 8, Prescott, Arizona
2 Converted from mg/L to pCi assumes equilibrium condition for I'ot-lJ - (mg/L)(701.000pCi/L)(10-6 g/ug) - pCi/L


2.

    The Sierrita mine  is located 62 miles due south of Tucson, Arizona on Highway 1-19 near the
town of Green Valley. The mine encompasses approximately 20000 acres, and lies on the eastern flank
of the Sierrita Mountains and the western margin  of the upper Santa Cruz basin. Operations consist
of three open pit  copper/molybdenum mines, all 5000 ton-per-day concentrator, two molybde-
num roasting plants, a ferromolybdenum plant, a rehenium plant, a dump leaching operation, and an
SX-EW plant. In  1996, Cyprus Sierrita started mining a 70-million-ton oxide deposit. Construction
has begun on a new in-pit crusher and conveyor system to reduce haulage costs. The heap leach
operations and the waste rock dumps and collection ponds overlie fractured bedrock. A thick
sequence of deposits fills the basin and comprises the principal aquifer. Tailings from the mill are  dis-
charged to the tailings impoundment which overlies the basin-fill deposits aquifer. Cyprus Sierrita
presently operates an interceptor wcllfield  to capture tailings impoundment seepage water containing
increased concentrations of sulfate and total dissolved solids. Cyprus Sierrita began preparing its
APPA in 1986 The APPA was submitted to ADEQ in September of 1994. At the time this report
was prepared, negotiations with ADEQ were proceeding (Cyprus 1997b).
40                                                                                   TENORM

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                                U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
    In 1997, Cyprus Sierrita sampled six monitoring wells and nine piezometers for TENORM at
the Sierrita and Esperanza mine, mill, and concentrator facilities (Figure K). The results of these
sampling events were submitted to ADEQ on November  13, 1997 as part of its APPA. The samples
were analyzed for radiocliernicals and the results arc summarized in Table 23. Monitoring wells
MW 21,  22, 23 arid piezometers 3, 4, 5, 6 are located near the mills  and concentrators.

    Some of these wells show elevated levels of gross alpha and beta activity, in addition to elevated
Ra-226 and Ra-228. Monitoring wells MW 18, 19  and piezometers  1,  2, 13, 14, are located to the
south of the leach dumps and are downgradient of them. Monitoring well MW-17 is located near
Tiriaja Wash and it appears to be upgradient of the leach dumps. It shows elevated Ra-226 at 9.3 to
130 pCi/L and Ra-228 at 15 to 19 pCi/L in groundwater.

                                              Table 23

                                                Of
                                                             1991 (pCi/L)
Monitoring Wells
and Piezometers
MW 17 6/26/97
       8/15/97
MW-18 6/19/97
       8/14/97
MW 19 7/31/97
       8/25/97
MW-21 7/16/97
       8/15/97
MW 22 6/24/97
       8/19/97
MW-23 7/02/97
       8/21/97

PZ-1  6/18/97
       8/12/97
PZ-2  6/27/97
       8/13/97
PZ-3  6/26/97
       8/13/97
PZ-4  6/23/97
       8/20/97
PZ-5 6/26/97
       8/19/97
PZ-6 7/02/97
       8/20/97
PZ-9* 7/11/97
       8/26/97
PZ-13 8/06/97
       8/25/97
PZ-14 8/01/97
       8/22/97
Gross Alpha
    85
    85
    14
    12
    23
    23
    557
    406
    262
    117
    70
    17
    7.5
    9.7
    48
    14
    61
    32
    63
    56
    232
    245
    26
    19
    137
    186
    15
    29
    53
    14
Gross Beta
   56
   57
   13
   4.7
   0.2
   21
   334
   299
   122
   132
   71
   8.0

   8.2
   9.5
   40
   59
   49
   50
   49
   70
   150
   129
   27
   44
   50
   37
   47
   1.0
   14
   4.0
Total U1
  0.82
  0.07
  0.13
  0.12
  0.14
  0.16
  7.55
  5.01
  3.43
  2.61
  0.37
  0.51

  0.03
  0.02
  0.12
  0.14
  0.51
  0.49
  0.82
  0.82
  3.84
  2.40
  0.12
  0.14
  1.44
  1.17
  0.21
  0.23
  0.14
  0.16
Ra-226
  9.3
  130
  0.9
  0.0
  0.1
  1.5
  7.3
  15
  0.0
  0.4
  0.4
  0.5
  0.0
  0.0
  1.2
  2.2
  2.0
  4.5
  0.6
  0.5
  1.4
  3.1
  2.7
  3.2
  0.0
  0.2
  0.0
  0.0
  0.1
  0.1
Ra-228
  15
  19
  0.0
  0.9
  0.6
  1.2
  9.1
  6.2
  1.7
  1.1
  5.6
  1.0
  0.1
  0.0
  10
  10
  1.7
  13
  0.8
  1.6
  5.8
  7.1
  30
  8.3
  1.5
  0.0
  2.1
  0.9
  0.0
  1.1
Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold
Reference: Cyprus, 11/1997b
* = Not shown on Figure K
1 Converted from mg/L to pCi assumes equilibrium condition for Fot-U - (mg/L)(701.000pCi/L)(10-6 g/ug)
                                                                 pCi/L
TENORM
                                                                       41

-------
Figure K:  Cyprus Sierrita, Sample Location Map
                                                                    Monitoring Well

                                                                    Piezometer Location
                                                               3,600  Groundwater Contour
                                                                    Line
                                                            Reference: Cyprus 11/1997b
                                                                                          I
                                                                                         N

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                             U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
3.                                         at Ajo

    The New Cornelia mine is located in Ajo,  Arizona, 42 miles due south of Gila Bend on
Highway 85. It is one of the oldest copper mines in Arizona, having been opened in 1854, It was
closed in 1985, although Phelps Dodge Corporation reopened the mine in May of 1997. The facili-
ties at the mine are to be upgraded to a semi-autogenous grinding mill and concentrator.
Concentrates will be hauled off site for processing at Phelps Dodge s smelter at Douglas, Arizona.

    During groundwater monitoring at the New Cornelia mine, radionuclides were found in several
monitoring wells. Phelps Dodge installed a monitoring well system consisting of 35 wells (Figure
L). During the winter of 1997, Phelps Dodge sampled 16 of these monitoring wells to characterize
water quality (Table 24). Samples collected exceeded background radiation levels in the Prescott
area. Nine wells exhibited radiochemicals that exceeded either federal MCLs or Arizona HBGL
guidelines. Monitoring well MW 3 is located near the east stockpiles and shows high values for U-
234 and U-238 (12 and 7 pCi/L). Monitoring well MW 14  is located south of the west stockpiles
and shows high values for alpha activities of 33 pCi/L and U-234, U-238, and Ra-228 for 24, 21,
and 6.8 pCi/L, respectively. Monitoring wells MW 8-B5, 9-B5 are located at the waste water treat-
ment facility. They show high levels of U-234  and  U-238 at  10 and 8.5 pCi/L. Monitoring well
MW 5 is slightly south of the plant process area and shows high values of alpha and  Ra-228 (17 and
7.3 pCi/L). Monitoring wells MW 13 and 16  are north of the  tailing impoundments and show high
alpha and beta activities of 35 and 66 pCi/L. Lastly, monitoring wells MW  17 and 18 are south of
the tailings impoundments and show high values of U-234, U-238, and Ra-228  (14, 7.8 and 6.0
pCi/L, respectively).

    Phelps Dodge has questioned the accuracy of these data  because of large counting errors that
were reported. They are currently in the process of validating the data through resampling and
analyses with lowered error values.
TENORM

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Figure L: Phelps Dodge, New Cornelia Mine, Sample Location Map
   Location Map
                                                                                                                     Northeast Dam
                                                                                                                        Tailing
                                                                                                                     Impoundment
                                                                                                         North Dam
                                                                                                           Tailing
                                                                                                        Impoundment
                                                                                                        South Dam
                                                                                                         Tailing
                                                                                                       Impoundment
       0  1500 3000

     Scale in Meters
 0  4000 8000

Scale in Feet
    1000
   •H
Scale in Meters
1500   3000        6000
  ^^Z^^«
   Scale in Feet

-------
                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Table 24
of Well
at New (pCi/L)
Site -Well ID Gross Alpha
MW 2-1
MW 2-2
MW 3 1
MW 3-2
MW 3-3
MW 4-2
MW 4 3
MW 5-2
MW 5-3
MW 6-5
MW 7-2
MW 7-3
MW 8-B5
MW 8-B Dup
MW 9B5
MW 10 5
MW 12-2
MW 12-3
MW13-1
MW132
MW 13-3
MW 14-1
MW 14-2
MW 14-3
MW 15-1
MW 15-2
MW 15-3
MW 16-1
MW16 2
MW 16-3
MW 17-1
MW17-2
MW 17-3
MW 18-1
MW 18-2
MW 18-3
Rinsate2
Bgd Prescott1
9
6
28
10
14
8
6
17
13
5
6
9
6
8
12
3
4
5
33
15
-11
33
37
43
3
6
2
7
35
-5
10
18
6
5
31
7
0
1.9
Levels of radioactivity in excess of
Reference: PD, 1993
- - No Data,
1 Background data from
2 Background for U-234
3 Converted from mg/L


Table 8, !
only, not
Gross Beta Total-IP U-233 + 234 U-235
8
6
22
5
9
5
5
14
31
13
6
5
8
11
10
5
4
3
66
27
11
25
17
15
38
8
2
31
50
4
12
25
5
18
35
17
4
1.1
4.9
5.6
9.8
9.8
11.9
<3.5
<3.5
4.2
4.2
<3.5
4,2
4.2
5.6
5.6
15.4
4.2
4.9
4.9
3.5
3.5
3.5
15.4
37.1
38.6
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
5.6
<3.5
9.1
8.4
9.1
6.3
12.6
11.2
<3.5
-
5.3
5.5
11
12
11
5.3
6.1
4.2
4.0
5.3
5.8
6.5
9.0
8.0
10
2.4
5.9
5.1
3.1
3.6
3.1
9.2
24
24
1.8
2.2
2.2
4.2
4.6
3.0
14
10
13
5.5
13
13
0.9
1.5=
federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are


•Vescott, Arizona
combined U-233
to pCi assumes equilibrium



& U-234
condition for




Tot-U -
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.8
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
1.1
1.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.0
-
U-238 Ra-226
2.6
2.8
5.6
5.0
7.0
1.1
1.4
2.1
2.0
1.3
2.1
2.5
2.4
3.4
8.5
2.3
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
1.7
10
21
21
2.0
2.5
2.1
2.3
2.9
1.6
6.0
4.7
5.7
3.1
7.7
7.8
0.9
0.4
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.6
0.4
3.0
3.5
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.2
0.6
0.6
3.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.8
1.8
1.2
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.4
2.5
0.5
0.1
0.1
Ra-228
1.3
1.0
2.0
0.6
1.9
0.9
0.9
7.3
6.7
0.5
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.2
-0.1
2.3
1.8
1.0
6.8
4.6
0.3
0.2
0.8
-0.4
1.8
1.0
2.9
0.7
6.0
0.1
0.6
-0.2
0.7
0.1
-
shown in bold




- (mg/L) (701




.000PCi/L)(10-




6 g/ug) -




- pCi/L
TENORM
45

-------
                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
4.  BHP

    TENORM also contaminated groundwater at the BHP Copper Pinto Valley mine. The Pinto
Valley mine is approximately eight miles west of Miami, Arizona, in the Sail River drainage arid
groundwater basin. The Pinto Valley mine is an open pit copper and molybdenum mine with dual
processing facilities for dump leach and SX-EW  circuit, and a conventional  sulfide crusher and con-
centrator operation. Facilities include tailings impoundments, waste dumps, process solution ponds,
and stormwater runoff ponds. The facility mines low-grade copper and molybdenum ore that feed
the sulfide mill and leach circuits. High-grade ore is processed at the sulfide mill, while low-grade
ore is deposited in the dump leach at Gold Gulch. Raffinate solution consisting of sulfuric acid is
sprayed over the low-grade ore to extract: copper. The resulting PLS is collected in a double-lined
leach pond with  leak detectors  and pumped to the SX-EW plant.

    The records  of the ADEQ, Aquifer Protection Mining section show that TENORM was found
at the Pinto Valley mine. The 1996 APPA (No P-100329) showed relatively high radon levels in
the majority of the compliance monitoring wells. Three of these wells  (APP-3A, APP-3B,  arid APP-
6) also showed high levels of gross alpha and beta. Additionally, all eight of  the open pit dewatering
wells exceeded one or more of the state or federal standards (Table 25). The data suggest that the
groundwater is discharging into the pit as a result of the dewatering operations. The  disposition of
the produced mine water is unclear to the author of this report.

    The Pinto Valley mine experienced multiple tailing darn failures, one in September of 1997  and
another in 1993. The most: recent: failure occurred when 200000 tons of tailings were washed into
Miller Canyon and Pinto Creek. All three catchment basins were destroyed. The author is uncertain
of the environmental  effect on the Pinto Creek watershed. However, the data  confirm that TENORM
is present in the ore at: the Pinto Valley mine and that it: has leached, in concentrations above federal
standards and  state guidelines, into the groundwater.
46                                                                                  TENORM

-------
                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                           Table 25
                                     of             and
                        S BHP                                         (pCi/L)
Pit Perimeter-
Dewatering Wells
W14B
W12
Wll
W17
W15B
W19
NVV24
NE26
Tailings
Monitoring Wells
APP-1A
APP-2
APP-3A
APP-3B
APP-4
APP-5A
APP 5P,
APP-6
Bgd Globe1
Bgd Miami1

Gross Alpha
11.6
179
67.4
48
19
7.0
25.3
35
<53
Gross Alpha
<17
<15
85
38
<24
<14
<8
10.4
1.0
3.0

Gross Beta
5.6
68
22
33
11.8
5.8
164
39
150
Gross Beta
<14
<12
14
7.6
<17
<12
<7
6.3
2.0
5.0

Total -U
12.2
209
84

22
6.0
2.2
5.1
0.17
Total -U
1.3
1.1
80
50
0.84
7.2
4.6
25

-

Total -Ra
1.2
<1.6
2.2
5.23
<0.8
<].]
122
29.7
<2.2
Total -Ra
<1.3
<1.1
<0.9
<1.6
<1.1
<1.2
<0.9
<0.9



Ra-226
<0.7
<1.2
0.6
2.8
<0.3
<0.6
61
14.9
<0.4
Ra-226
<0.3
<0.3
<0.2
<0.4
<0.3
<0.3
<0.2
<0.2

0.1

Ra-228
<0.5
<1.6
2.2
5.2
<0.8
<1.1
122
29.7
<2.2
Ra-228
<1.0
<0.8
<0.7
<1.2
<0.8
<0.9
<0.7
<0.7

-

Rn-222
530
150
300
2680
190
120
2000
3980
10
Rn-222
300
427
520
140
940
150
16
2000
310.5
291.7
Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold
Reference: Magma, 4/1996
1 Background data from Table 8, Globe and Miami, Arizona
 :------ No Data


D.


1.

    TENORM contamination of groundwater has been documented south of Bisbee, Arizona, at:
the Phelps Dodge Copper Queen mine. The facility is known as the Concentrator Tailings Storage
Area; the contamination did not actually emanate from the concentrator, but from the tailings piles,
surface impoundments, conveyance channels, and irrigation area of the Warren Ranch (Figure M).
The facility includes a closed underground copper mine and an operating leach dump. In June of
1987, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigated and reported a plume of contaminated ground-
water containing high concentrations of sulfate and total dissolved solids. The citizens of Bisbee
alleged that the plume also contained radionuclides. The plume of contaminated groundwater extend-
TENORM                                                                                  47

-------
                             U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
ed southwestward from the concentrator tailings storage area, over seven square miles (18 square km),
and is moving toward the  Bisbee and Naco municipal well fields and the Mexican border at a rate
of 0.5 to 0.8 feet/day (150 - 240 centimeters/day). The plume has contaminated private drinking
water wells in the area. In  the late 1980s, ADEQ requested that Phelps Dodge prepare an APPA for
the Copper Queen mine. The USGS and the ADEQ have identified the site as the source of the
contamination, although the presence of radioriuclides was not documented until 1991 (USGS,
1987; ADEQ, 7/1991).

    The Copper Queen site has two tailings  piles that contain between 100 and 200 million tons of
mining  overburden and mill tailings that cover 566 acres (226 hectares). The  piles are 45 to 85 feet
thick (14 to 26 meters) and contain uranium and other toxic residues from the metal processing
operations. The site consists of seven surface  impoundments and the irrigation area used to dispose
of mine water from the underground mining operations. One large impoundment is located  imme-
diately south of and adjacent to the south tailings pile and was  used for the disposal of mine waters
and mine process solutions. The other six impoundments are located north of the north tailings pile
and were used to contain seepage/leachate from former leach dumps that contained waste rock/ore.
These dumps were referred to as SACLOG #1  and #2  (Sacramento Low Ore  Grade Stockpiles No 1
and 2).

    All  seven impoundments are now closed. SACLOG #1 and #2 and the Crawford Mill tailings
pile were relocated to the top of the north tailings impoundment. The waste rock dumps and the
Lavender pit are also potential sources of contamination since much of the waste at the site came
from the pit. Contaminated mine water was  used for agricultural irrigation and was discharged into
farmlands surrounding the site (ADEQ, 5/1989; 1990; 1991; 2/1992; 7/2/1992; 7/6/1992; PD
1990; Maest 1991; ATIG, 1992; Margolla, 1992).

    In July 1991, ADEQ collected radiochemical water samples at a depth of 24 feet (7.3 meters)
from five wells located within the contaminated groundwater plume. See Figure N for the location
of the wells and Table 26 for the analytical results of the sampling. Three out of four of these sam-
ples exceeded either the federal MCLs or Arizona HBGLs. Samples 8  Surface  and 4 Surface exceed-
ed the Arizona 1992 HBGL for total uranium. Samples 4 Surface and 8 Deep also exceeded the fed-
eral MCL for gross alpha and sample 4 Deep showed significantly increased levels of Rn-222.
(Table 26)

                                          Table 26


                                                Tailings                July 1991(pCi/L)
Sample            Gross Alpha    Gross Beta      U-238         U-234       Ra-226       Ra-222
8 Surface               5.1           7.5          0.06           16          0.14          521
8 Deep                 72            5           <.40         4.3          0.27          332
4 Surface                34           35           35           58          0.13          542
4 S Duplicate           3.9           33           35           60          <.10          586
4 Deep                3.0           4.9          0.52          1.9          0.16         1330
Bgd Bisbee1            3.0           2.0          0.30          2.0          0.10          487


Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold
Reference: ADEQ, 7/1991
1 Background data from 'I able 8, Bisbee, Arizona

48                                                                                 TENORM

-------
Figure M: Isoconcentration Map of Sulfate in the Shallow Zone, Phelps Dodge Copper Queen Mine
                                                                            R 24 E  R 25 E
                                              Lavender Pit
                                                         /"•"^f Inactive Leach Dump


                                                                          Active Leach Dump
                            Waste Dumps
SACLOG #1
\ SACLOG #2
-\-,, Nt.-,
          Sulfate Isoconcentration
          lines in mg/l (dashed
          where inferred)
    Sewage
    Disposal dd ,/
      North  '
    Tailings  .,  	•••
Impoundment /'	
              Crawford
              Tailings

               Warren
               Sewage
               Disposal
                                         South
                                        Tailings
                                    Impoundment
     Reference: ADEQ 1990
     &USGS 1989
                                  Sewage Disposal
                                                        isbee
                                                       Junction
                                                  Limit of Sulfate
                                                  Plume
                                   nited States

-------
                                  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
        The radon concentrations are highest in wells screened in the deeper part of the aquifer and low-
    est in the shallow wells, with the exception of well 8S (shallow) and 8D (deep), which contained 521
    and 332 pCi/L, respectively (ADEQ, 7/1991). This appears to be opposite of the trend for urani-
    um, possibly suggesting that the radon may originate from natural sources, such as deeply buried
    granitic basement rocks or Cretaceous sedimentary rocks that underlie the basin fill deposits.
    Alternatively, radon could be more readily off-gassing out of shallow wells, thereby escaping detec-
    tion.

        In 1992, Phelps Dodge Corporation  submitted an APPA to ADEQ. In response, ADEQ required
    additional studies, including groundwater monitoring and characterization for all radionuclides. Phelps
    Dodge installed and sampled eight monitoring wells and tested these samples for radiochemicals (Fig-
    ure N). In June 1994, the corporation submitted its results (Table 27) to ADEQ (PD, 1994). The
    results indicated that  the radioactivity was correlated with the sulfate plume.
                                                Table 27


                                                          Tailings          1994 (pCi/L)
Well

Basin Fill BF-1 10/93
Basin Fill BF-1 11/93
Basin Fill BF-2 10/93
Basin Fill BF-2 11/93
Basin Fill TM-2
Basin Fill TM-19
Glance conglomerate TM-2A
Morita Formation TM 1 9A
Glance conglomerate GL--1
Glance conglomerate GL--3
North Tailings Water NTW-1
Bgd Bisbee1

Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold
Reference: PD, 1994
 - = No Data
: Background data from 'I able 8, Bisbee, Arizona
        BF-1, BF-2, and TM-2, are shallow monitoring wells screened in the upper aquifer of the basin
    fill deposits south of the two tailings impoundments. Samples from these wells show that these deposits
    are contaminated by radiochemicals. Sample TM-2A is from a deep monitoring well screened in the
    lower aquifer of the Glance Conglomerate located next to TM-2. It is also clearly contaminated with
    high gross alpha activities and total uranium concentrations exceeding the federal MCL and Arizona
    HBGL. Sample TM-19 is from a shallow monitoring well screened in the upper aquifer of the basin
    fill deposits  12000 feet  (3660 meters) southwest of the two tailings impoundments. The total urani-
    um content of TM-19 is 4.21 pCi/L. This appears to be slightly higher than background levels for
    this area. Consequently, this sample may be marginally impacted and  may have represented the outer
    50                                                                                    TENORM
Alpha
13.15
14.48
44.27
54.04
59.48
4,97
22.18
2.45
17.48
3.35
75.60
3.0
U-238
10.19
9.98
1.88
11.86
24.56
0.78
3.58
1.10
3.44
0.47
156.76
0.3
U-234
32.84
33.76
39.80
38.65
60.37
4.72
15.40
2.80
17.55
1.98
131.53
2.0
U-235
0.45
0.67
0.50
0.47
2.54
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
6.87
-
Ra 226
<0.30
<0.27
<0.37
<0.27
<0.38
<0.34
<0.35
<0.28
<0.27
<0.29
<0.28
0.1
Ra-228
<0.83
<0.92
<0.65
<0.80
<0.72
<0.76
<0.98
<0.74
<0.70
1 .50
0.70
-
Total U
46.56
49.73
46.83
60.99
72.78
4.21
19.99
6.16
23.77
2.36
106.36
-
Rn-222
60.0

240.0

-
-
-



57.0
487.4

-------
                             U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
limit of contamination in 1994. Sample TM-19A is a deep monitoring well screened in the lower
aquifer of the Morita Formation next to TM-19. The total uranium content of TM-19A also exceed-
ed background levels, hence it may have defined the lower limit of contamination in 1994. Monitor-
ing wells GL-1 and GL-3 are both screened in the Glance Conglomerate, which is geologically sepa-
rated by a pair of faults that offset the units in this area. Monitoring well GL-1  is  a deep monitoring
well located in the center of Lhc south tailings impoundment (Figure N). It is clearly contaminated
by radiochemicals. Monitoring well  GL-3 is a deep monitoring well located just southwest of the
north tailings impoundment and is hydraulically  upgradient of GL-1. It is relatively unaffected and
defines the outline of the plume. See Figure O for a pentiometric surface map of the site.

    A surface water sample of the north tailing impoundment (NTW-1) was analyzed for radon and
radionuclidcs. Its radon and  radium levels are relatively low, although its gross alpha, U-238, U-
234, U-235, and total uranium are the highest levels found at the sites. The samples taken at Bisbee
typically appear low in radium and U-235, except: for the U-235 level of sample NTW-1, which  is
6.87 pCi/L. This is generally consistent with the statement by Robin Jenkins of ADEQ that the oxi-
dation-reduction potential is an important control factor on the Ra-226 solubility in groundwater.
Field studies confirm that gross alpha due to Ra-226 activities are elevated in reducing conditions
where the pH is approximately 4.4 and dissolved oxygen values are <1.0 mg/L.  Conversely, in oxi-
dizing water, gross alpha activity due to uranium is elevated. Elevated uranium and radium are
therefore rarely found concurrently in the same groundwater samples because of their opposite geo-
chcmical behavior. The concentration of radon in groundwater depends largely on the concentra-
tion of the parent  nuclide Ra-226. .  .in underlying rocks of aquifer material  (ADEQ, 9/1989).

    Phelps Dodge  collected samples from two shallow monitoring wells (TM-2 and TM-19) in
June of 1996. These samples were analyzed for total uranium and three of its  species, U-234, U-
235, and U-238. Monitoring well TM-2, located near the source of the plume, showed slightly
decreased concentrations of uranium, while monitoring well TM-19, located near Lhc southwest
side of the plurne,  showed slightly increased concentrations of uranium isotopes. Phelps Dodge
speculates that the plume is sinking  clue to density separation.

    ADEQ  collected samples from public and private monitoring wells in the plume at the Copper
Queen mine site in August of 1996. The samples were analyzed for total uranium content only
(Table 28). As part of this effort, ADEQ collected eight additional samples, five of which were
taken from the Arizona Water Company and Naco Water Company public supply wells downgradi-
ent of the plume. The results (Table 28) indicate that these wells are not presently contaminated.
They also establish the background level range for total uranium to be between 0.5 and 3.4 pCi/L. In
addition, these wells will serve as detection monitoring wells in the event the plume affects Naco s
water supplies. The locations of these wells are not shown on Figure N.
TENORM                                                                                  51

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            Figure N:  Monitoring Well Location Map, Phelps Dodge Copper Queen Mine
en
r\j
O
                              R 23 E I R 24 E
                                                  Tailings
                                              mpoundment
»"SF-7 shallow
*TM-2 shallow
*TM-2Adeep
       ^9
      4D
TM-7

  BF-2* shallow
                                                                             Boundary of
                                                                             Sulfate Plume
                                                             Municip
                                                             Airport
                                                   Irrigated
                                                      Area
                                           United States
                              R 23 E  R 24 E
                                                           Reference: ADEQ 7/1991
                                                               & PD 1994

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                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                           Table 28
                                                                 (pCi/L)
Well ID
Phelps Dodge Samples 6/20/96
    TM2
    TM 19
ADEQ Samples 8/8/96
    BF 2
    TM2
    TM19
    TM 16
    TM 7
    (D 24 24)05acc*
    (13-24-24)17bbb*
    (D-23-24)  29bcb*
Background Samples
    AWC. PSW2*
    AWC. PSW3*
    NWC. PSW5*
    NW C. PSW4*
    NWC. PSW3*
Total-U

  66
  23.2

  17.5
  18.4
  6.6
  2.5
  4.3
  5.7
  4.1
  1.2

  0.5
  0.6
  1.3
  0.7
U-238

  13
 3.9
U-234

  51
  19
U-235

 2.0
 0.3
    Phelps Dodge recently installed four monitoring wells north of the tailing impoundments at the
Copper Queen mine. Submission of additional sampling and analyses was received by ADEQ in the
spring of 1998, although it has not been included as part of this report. Phelps Dodge is preparing
new groundwater modeling of the hydrologic flow at the site.
    The data in Tables 26 - 28 show that TENORM has been found in process waste streams and
in the leach circuit of a closed mine. They also indicate that TENORM from process units has
affected groundwater resources at active copper mining operations. The existing data also suggest
that the contaminant plume continues to migrate toward Naco, Mexico.
TENORM

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Figure 0:  Hydrogeologic Map, Phelps Dodge Copper Queen, Concentration Storage Area
                                                                            R 24 E R 25 E
                                                          akerville


                                                      Warfen
                                                Municipal
                                                Airport
    U   fault direction
    D   of movement
         4500
   contour interval
   _ _ . 4490 - - -
   inferred contour interval
   elevation
   4500ft elevation
                               United States
                                                                            R 24 E . R 25 E
                  R 23 E  R 24 E
                                                                                                             Reference: PD 1994

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                             U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
2.

    In 1996, Cyprus Mineral Park submitted an APPA that contained radiochemical data. The
Mineral Park mine is 17 miles northwest of Kingrnan in the Cerbat Mountains, The mine consists
of three coalescing open pits that have been in operation since the 1860s. The mine contains one
closed 560 acre tailing impoundment and seven leach dumps. The Ithaca, Central, and Gross leach
dumps are currently active and drain into the bottom of the open pit where the sumps are located.
PLS is processed at the central SX-EW plant.

    Cyprus collected surface water samples from seven drainage areas and analyzed them for metals
and radiochemicals. All of these drainages, except for Golden  Eagle Spring, exceeded either the fed-
eral MCLs and/or state guidelines for gross alpha or gross beta. Gross alpha activities ranged from
11 to  150 pCi/L. Gross beta activities ranged from 18 to 62 pCi/L, with only one monitoring well
exceeding the state beta guideline of 50  pCi/L. The results are shown in Table 29. Five of these
eight washes had mine adits located within them. Samples from all  the mine adits exceeded the fed-
eral standard for gross alpha emissions of 15pCi/L.

    Cyprus sampled nine sumps and their raffinate and the terminal storage facility pond. Eight of
these sumps had gross alpha and beta levels ranging from 260 to 1700 pCi/L,  and 190 to 880
pCi/L, respectively. The raffinate and the terminal storage facility pond contained 1100 and 750
pCi/L, and 660 and 370 pCi/L gross alpha and beta, respectively (Figure P).
TENORM                                                                                 55

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     Figure P:  Cyprus Mineral Park Mine, Sample Location Map
                                                                                       Location Map
                                            Cyprus Mineral Park
                                               Mine Facilities
                                                    Terminal
                                                    Storage /   ison\Nash »^JW2-SW
                                                           'J a-
      Surface water
      Monitoring Station
      Sump/Pond
      Sampling Locations
      Extent of Plume

      Mountainous Region
Reference: Cyprus 1994
     56
TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                           Table 29

                                             Park,       (pCi/L)

Sample ID
GES-AW 8/4/95
JW AW 8/4/95
TW-AW 8/4/95
KW-AW 8/3/95
KW2-AW 8/4/95
KW2-AWC 8/4/95
LW-AW 8/4/95
LW-SW 4/5/93
JW-SW 4/5/93
JW2-SW 8/4/95
MPW-SW 8/3/95
NNW-SW 8/4/95
TWW-SW 8/4/95
TWW-SW 4/5/93
B-l 7/31/95
C-l 8/2/95
G-l 8/2/95
G 3 8/2/95
H-l 7/31/95
1-1 7/31/95
1-2 7/31/95
1-3 7/31/95
S-27* 8/4/95
RAFF 8/2/95
TSF/TP-1 8/3/95

Description
Golden Lagle Spring Adil Water
Jamison Wash Adit Water
Bismark Wash Adit Water
Keystone Wash Adit Water
Keystone Wash Adit Water
Keystone Wash Adit Water
Long Wash Adit Water
Long Wash Surface Water
Jamison Wash Surface Water
Jamison Wash Surface Water
Mineral Park Wash Surface Water
No Name Wash Surface Water
Turquoise Wash Surface Water
Turquoise Wash Surface Water
Bismark Sump
Central .Sump
Gross Sump 1
Gross Surnp 3
Hardy Sump
Ithaca Sump 1
Ithaca Sump 2
Ithaca Sump 3
Sump 27
Raffinate Pond
Treatment Storage Facility Pond -1
Gross
Alpha
16
68
11
20
43
BDL
36
62
47
37
140
150
37
27
1200
730
780
1700
1100
260
410
820
28
1100
660
Gross
Beta
18
35
20
10
22
6
26
-

24
BDL
90
43
-
600
590
480
880
370
190
290
430
56
750
370
Total
U Ra-226 Ra-228 Rn-222


-
-
-


0.10 0.8 1.4 120
0.05 0.5 1 .8 46 to 30


-
-
0.01 0.4 1.6 39
-
-
-



-
-
-
-
-
References: Cyprus, 1994; Cyprus, 1996
 - = Not Sampled, * = Not shown on Figure P
BDL - Below Detection Limit

    During its review of the Cyprus Mineral Park APPA, ADEQ observed that surface water runoff
emanating from the drainages in the mine area were affecting the water quality of the alluvial pedi-
ment. Data from the APPA showed that the plume contained high levels of beryllium,  cadmium,
fluoride, and  nickel. Further review of the APPA revealed that the plume contained high alpha and
beta activity levels  as well (Table 30).
TENORM
57

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                             U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
    Monitoring well 9 is located slightly west of the Gross sumps and shows very high levels of
gross alpha activity at 1500 pCi/L and gross beta activities at 500 pCi/L, similar to the PLS in the
sumps. Monitoring well 10 is located at the foot of the hill between the Gross and Ithaca pits and is
marginally affected by the PLS in the sumps. Monitoring well 8 is located at: the head of No Name
Wash and is also marginally affected by the nearby leach dumps. Monitoring wells 7 and 6 are
located at Lhc mouLh of  Mineral Park and Bisrnark Washes,  and are influenced by Lhc absorption of
surface water drainage into  the sediments. Monitoring wells 14 and 15 are located on the northwest
and southeast fringes of the plume, while monitoring wells 16 and 18 are near the centerline of the
plume and are marginally impacted. Monitoring well 12 is in the center of the tailings pond and
monitoring well 17 is near the tailings retention dam.
                                           Table 30

                                             Park,       (pCi/L)
Sample ID
MW-2A
MW-6
MW--7
MW--8
MW 9
MW-10
MW-12
MW-14
M.W--15
MW-16
MW-17
MW-18

8/20/95
8/1/95
8/1/95
8/2/95
8/2/95
8/2/95
8/4/95
8/1/95
8/1/95
8/1/95
8/19/95
8/19/95
Description
Monitoring Well
Monitoring Well
Monitoring Well
Monitoring W'ell
Monitoring Well
Monitoring Well
Monitoring Well
Monitoring Well
Monitoring Well
Monitoring Well
Monitoring W'ell
Monitoring Well
Gross Alpha
BDL
220
140
50
1500
19
BDL
BDL
BDL
80
80
73
Gross Beta
BDL
170
BDL
40
500
42
60
BDL
BDL
BDL
29
BDL
    The data show that TENORM is discharging from abandoned mine adits and is impacting sur-
face water and that mining operations have impacted groundwater. In addition, TENORM is con-
centrated in the process solutions and waste streams associated with the leach circuit. The data also
indicate that very high  levels of TENORM are being concentrated in the raffinate and recycled
within the leach circuit at: Cyprus Mineral Park mine. TENORM  also  has impacted groundwater
within the alluvial pediment below the mine.
58                                                                                  TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3.

    Phelps Dodge at Morenci submitted an APPA in 1995 that showed TENORM was present in
several monitoring wells. The mine is in the southwestern copper porphyry belt, 20 miles west of
New Mexico and 100 miles north of Mexico. It is the largest operating copper mine in the United
States. The mineral deposits in the  Morenci district are: the Coronado, Shannon Mountain, Metcalf,
Northwest Extension, Western Copper, and Morenci mines. See Figure Q for the location of the
these features.

    The Morenci open pit mine is approximately one mile across from east to west and five miles
across from the Morenci pit to northern end of Metcalf mine. The mine contains dual processing
facilities for oxide and sulfide ores. Facilities include the leach dumps, SX-EW units, and two sul-
fide ore concentrator circuits. Sulfide (chalcocite) ore is transported by conveyor to  the concentrator
for flotation.  There are seven  in-pit crushers with conveyors for transporting ore to  the Morenci and
Metcalf flotation concentrators. Concentrates are shipped offsite for refining. The mine has 11 tail-
ing impoundments, eight of which  are active. These ponds cover 18000 acres. Forty two million tons
of tailings are disposed annually in the tailing ponds.

    Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, covered by tertiary volcanics and quaternary  Gila conglomerate,
overlie the formations that are mineralized. Both the overlying and mineralized rocks  have been eroded
to expose the underlying Prccarnbriari granite, forming a  window. The intrusive rocks are mon-
zonite and granite  porphyry. The crystalline rocks are relatively impermeable. The local hydrogeo-
logic flow mimics the impermeable basement floor topography. Water balance estimates indicate
that there is about a 6.0 percent loss, which is probably due to evaporation. The concentrator and
tailing facilities are located to  the south of the mine on  the Gila conglomerate.

    Low-grade sulfide and oxide ore is transported by 70-ton trucks to leach dumps, which Phelps
Dodge  refers to as lean ore stockpiles (LOS). Oxide ore (azurite, malachite) goes to these LOS
for leaching. The resulting PLS is processed by electrowinning. There are three operating leach
dumps within the Chase Creek drainage system.  The largest active  leach dump is the Lower Chase
Creek (LCC) dump.  It was constructed by damming the Chase Creek Canyon, completely cutting
off any natural drainage. The Metcalf and Coronado dumps  are located within the  Metcalf sideslope
mine. They were constructed  by backfilling the upper Metcalf Canyon. The Morenci pit is being
backfilled as mining progresses, creating a leach dump.  There are also eight other old  (greater than
30 years) LOS outside the Chase Creek drainage area and the pit. These dumps are referred to as the
Southwestern Railroad Dumps (SWRRD). According to Phelps Dodge, they are inactive, meaning
that no lixivent solutions are being introduced onto the dumps, although PLS is recovered  as natur-
al precipitation generates leachate.  Several ponds  are located at the  base of the SWRRD. No base-
ment preparation of any of the leach  dumps was  conducted due to  the age of the dumps and the
rough terrain.

    There are four SX plants located in different sections of the mine. The central SX plant is located
with the EW tankhouse and plant area above Lower Chase Creek leach dump.  The Metcalf SX plant
is located at the base of the Metcalf operations. The Southwest SX  plant is located on the west side
of the tailing ponds by the SWRRD and the Morenci SX plant is located in the pit.

    Phelps Dodge installed, sampled,  and tested approximately 86  monitoring wells as part of its
APPA. Particle activity analyses of gross alpha  and gross beta were conducted for all monitoring wells.
Gross alpha activity ranged from zero to 136 pCi/L. Fourteen samples exceeded either the gross alpha
or gross beta  federal MCLs or Arizona HBGL guideline (Table 31). Two monitoring wells (RG-01
TENORM                                                                                   59

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Figure Q:  Morenci Mine, Sample Location Map
                                                 Garfield         i     King/Placer '%
                                              __   Stockpile __ ^       Stockpile    X
                                                  x - ' ~        l '    ^    Expansion
         Upper Chase Creek Dam
    Upper Chase Creek
         Stockpile
                    Truck Shop
         West
       Coronado
       Stockpile    Coronado
                                                              Queen Hill m
                                                               Stockpile
                                                     Morenci  1
                                                       Mine M
                                                                                                           Location Map
                                                                                           \
                                                                                           \
                                                                                        DW-5<
                                                                                        Placer
                                                                                      Stockpile
                                                                                                          r
                                                                                                          I Arizona
                                                                                 King/Placer Diversion Area

                                                                                  Metcalf In-Pit Stockpile

                                                                                      Rocky Gulch Stockpile
    Fairbanks
    Stockpile


American Mountain
    Stockpile
             Producer
             Stockpile
Copper Mountain
    Stockpile
  Morenci Canyon
     Stockpile
                                                                                   Rock House
                                                                                    Stockpile
 Western Copper
Rock House
  Canyon
 Stockpile

          Lower
       Chase Creek
        Stockpile

     Modoc
     Stockpile

      S-3

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                                                                             Morenci
                                                                          Concentrator
Southwest 2
Tailing Dam
Reference: PD 1995 & 1997
                                                                                                   0    2000    4000   6000
                                                                                                       	1    ^  -1=
                                                                                                       Scale in Feet
N

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                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
and SW-44) exceed the federal MCLs and state guidelines for both gross alpha and beta activity and
seven others are close to exceeding these levels. Nine samples exceeded or equaled the gross alpha
standard of 15pCi/L. Four of these samples ranged between 30 to 136 pCi/L; five samples ranged
between 15 arid 17 pCi/L. The gross beta activity ranged from 2 to 347 pCi/L with seven samples
exceeding the 50 pCi/L HBGL guideline. The data indicate that TENORM has been detected in the
Phclps Dodge monitoring wells and that it has impacted grouridwater in at least six monitoring wells.
                                            Table 31

                   that                 or
               Sample ID
11/1/95
11/1/95
6/26/95
                       Monitoring Wells

                       Chase Creek
                       Chase Creek
                       Chase Creek
                                  Gross Alpha    Gross Beta
                                                             4.5
                                                             30
                                                  74.3
                                                  47.8
                                                  347
                                                  57
MP-07
MP-8
 2/14/96
11/14/95
RG-01    9/26/95
WTD-23  2/15/96
SW44    2/21/96
SW-58     8/9/95
SW-50    7/31/95
SW-65    10/30/95
SW-66    10/30/95
SW-68    1/25/96
                                      Morenci Pit
                                      Morenci Pit

                                      Rocky Gulch

                                      West Tails Dam-23

                                      South West
                                      South West
                                      South West
                                      South West
                                      South West
                                      South West
5.6
81
117
16
136
1.4
15.3
17
15.2
15
56.1
40
149
5.4
254
237
8.6
7
5
2
               Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in
               All Morenci data is presented in Appendix C
               Reference: PD, 1995

                                             District,         1995 (pCi/L)

    Phelps Dodge also sampled 55 other process or waste streams at Morenci. Forty-two of these sam-
ples exceeded either federal or state guidelines for gross alpha and beta activity. They are shown in
Table 32. Four of these samples were taken from the PLS pond and another four were taken from
the raffinate pond. The gross alpha ranged from 1250 to 3700 pCi/L for the PLS samples and the
gross beta ranged from 1110 to 2390 pCi/L. The gross alpha ranged from 670 to 3550 pCi/L for
the raffinate pond samples and the gross beta ranged from 660 to 2010 pCi/L. Eight samples were
tailings samples. The gross alpha ranged from zero to 102 pCi/L for these samples and the gross
62
                                                                       TENORM

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                                U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
beta ranged from 66 to 214 pCi/L. Another 12 samples were sump samples that showed gross alpha ranging
as high as 3970 pCi/L and gross beta ranging as high as 3060 pCi/L.
                                             Table 32
Loc. No.
S-l
S T
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7*
S-8
S-9
S-10
S-ll
S-l 2
P 29*
R-l
R-2
D-l
D 2
D-3
D-4
D-5
TH-1
TH-2
TH-4
T-l
T-3
T-4
T-5
T-6
PD*
LS
GG
GR*
GA-1*
GA-2*
PLS-1
PLS-2
PLS-3
PLS-4

RAF-1
RAF-2
RAF-3
RAF-4


Sample ID
4250SUMP
4500SUMP
HDRSHOSUMP
QNHILLSUMP
CPMTNSUMP
STARGOSUMP
MORPITSUMP
2325MMSUMP
27MMSUMP
MEDLERSUMP
METCASUMP
5XSUMP
POND 29
COLUMBINE RES
KNGPCRDIVR
DAMBC 5
TSRDAM2B
TSRDAM6
TSRDAM7B
TSRDAM4B
METCONTIil
MORTA1LTH1
METTAILTH4
1WTAILPD
3WTAILPD
4 WTAILPD
SBITAILPD
SWl'l'AlLPD
PDM-L-2016-X
LONSTRSTCK
GGSPRING
GRASVX
GAROXX
GARDVX
MODOCSXPLS
METCFSXPLS
CNTRLSXPLS
SWSXPLSTK4

MODOCSXRAF
METCFSXRAF
SWSXRAFTK3
CNTRALSXRAF

that
Description
4250 Sump 8/8/95
4500 Sirmp 8/9/95
HORSESHOE Sump 8/9/95
Queen Hill Sump 8/17/95
Copper Mountain Sump 8/17/95
Stargo Sump 8/24/95
Morenci Pit Sump 8/2 1/ 95
23/25 Morenci Mine Sump 8/23/95
27 Morenci Mine Sump 8/23/95
Medler Sump 8/1 7/85
Metcalf Sump 8/1 7/95
5X Sump 8/25/95
Pond 29 8/6/95
Columbine Reservoir 8/8/95
King Placer Diversion Reservoir
Darn BG5 8/8/95
Treatment Storage Res. Dam 2B 8/21/95
Treatment Storage Res. Dam 6 8/22/95
Treatment Storage Res. Dam 7B 8/22/95
Treatment Storage Res. Darn 4B 8/21/95
Metcalf Concentrator Thickener 1 8/8/95
Morinci lailings I hickener 1 8/10/95
Metcalf Tailings Thickener 4 8/10/95
1 West Tailings Pond 8/24/95
3 West Tailings Pond 8/25/95
4 West Tailings Pond 8/24/95
Silver Basin I Tailings Pond 8/23/95
South West 1 Tailing Pond 8/23/95
Pond Mine Leval1 2016-X 9/2/95
Lone Star Stockpile 9/23/95
Gold Gulch Spring 8/28/95
GRA- SV-X Soil 2/15/96
GARFIELD Oxide-X Soil 2/15/96
GARFIELD DV-X Soil 2/15/96
Modoc Solvent Extraction Pregnant Leach Solution 8/16/95
Metcalf Central Facility Solvent Extraction Pregn. Leach Sol. 8/16/95
Central Solvent Extraction Pregnant Leach Solution 8/95
South West Solvent Extraction Pregnant Leach Solution Tank 4
8/9/95

Modoc Solvent Extraction Raffinate 8/16/95
Metcalf Central Facility Solvent Extraction Raffinate 8/14/95
South West Solvent Extraction Raffinate Tank 3 8/9/95

or
Gross Alpha
3970
1030
3800
202
2080
1760
21
1590
720
1050
3060
1930
1060
0.60
3450
1530
160
46
313
1210
-2.3
-0.2
1.5
81
102
3.4
-0.3
0.3
0.5
86
36
18.7
24.4
16.8
2990
3600
3700
1250

3550
3480
670
2060


Gross Bi
1930
600
3060
162
1290
1040
76
1100
280
710
1630
930
1150
81
2390
840
140
10
169
610
80
86
93
80
214
121
66
68
82
100
17
49.5
57.3
45.4
1910
2140
2390
1110

2010
1810
660
910


    TENORM

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                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                             District,        1995 (pCi/L)

Levels of radioactivity iri excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold
Reference: PD, 1995
1 Uncertain translation of abbreviation, * = Not shown on Figure Q
    The data show  thai the process solutions arid wastes steams associated with the leach circuit con-
tain very high levels of TENORM. It also documents that very high levels  of TENORM are being
concentrated in and recycled back to the leach circuit (LOS), since the raffinate is used for leach dump
lixivent.  ADEQ has questioned the quality of this data.  (March 28,1996)  Due to the large count-
ing errors reported. We [ADEQ] have requested 2-3 additional groundwatcr sampling rounds that
will include: gross alpha, gross beta, Ra-226, Ra-228, and uranium, all with lowered error values. The
Mining Unit anticipates receiving this data in late January or February [of 1998]  (ADEQ, 1997).

    In response to ADEQ s request of March 1995, Phelps Dodge conducted additional sampling
and analyses of their monitoring wells. Seventy-one monitoring wells were  sampled and analyzed for
gross alpha, gross beta, Ra-226,  Ra-228, and uranium species, all with lowered error limits.  Samples
were collected from well locations upgradient of the mine areas, within the mine, downgradient of
the tailings dam, and from Lower Chase Creek, Rocky Gulch, and Gold Gulch areas. Twenty of
these wells sampled  showed elevated levels of one or more radiochemicals that exceeded either federal
MCLs or state HBGL guidelines. Due to improved data quality of the 1996  sampling events,  the total
number of impacted wells increased from 14 to 21. All but two (CC-31 and SW-68)  of the 14
monitoring wells sampled during the 1995  sampling event showed elevated  radiochemicals in the
subsequent 1996 analyses (PD, 1997). The samples that exceeded either federal MCLs or state
guidelines for radionuclide levels are shown in bold in Table 33.

    Elevated levels of gross alpha and beta, total uranium, and total radium activities were found in
four  upgradient wells at the mine. District wells DW-02, 03, 04, 05, 10, 14 can be used for back-
ground wells for comparison. Four wells located in the Morenci pit area were found to show elevated
gross alpha and beta, total uranium, and total radium activities. Elevated gross alpha and beta, and
total radium activities were also  found in three  of the Lower Chase Creek wells. Another three wells
located at the southwest SX plant showed elevated gross alpha and total uranium activities. Elevated
levels of radionuclides also were found at the wells at Metcalf Drop cut sump, which feeds the Metcalf
SX plant. Wells near the darns at Rocky Gulch and Gold Gulch also exhibited high levels of radio-
nuclides. Another well in the southwest stockpile showed elevated gross beta activities. Finally, three
downdradient wells of the tailings area showed  elevated gross alpha and beta activities.

    Phelps Dodge Morenci mine is in the process of collecting 12 new data sets of quarterly moni-
toring  data for radiochemicals. The results are expected to be completed in late 1999.
                      Gross    Gross   Calculated                         Calculated
Site-Well ID           Alpha    Beta    Total U   U 234   U 235  U 238   Total-Ra   Ra-226  Ra-228
Gold Gulch MW
GG-4 10/31/96
GG4 12/11/9
Chase Creek
CC-42 11/2/96
CC-43 11/2/96
CC 43 11/30/96
CC-50 12/19/96

27
13

7
21
28
23

56
47

60
61
52
39

10.6
27.6

4.9
0.1
0.4
8.1

6.3
18

2.4
0.1
0.2
6.7

0.3
2.6

0
0
0
0

4
7

2.5
0
0.2
1.4

9.7
8.3

4.9
34.0
19.3
22.1

2.6
3.7

1.0
13
0.3
17

7.1
4.6

3.9
21
19
14
64                                                                                    TENORM

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                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                            33

Site -Weil ID
Morenci Pit
MP-1 11/5/96
MP-1 11/21/96
MP2 11/21/96
MP-5 11/5/96
MP-5 11/22/96
MP-7 11/6/96
MP-7 11/22/9
Metcalf DCSurnps
MP-8 11/6/96
MP-8 11/22/96
S.W. SX Plant
SW-50 10/15/96
SW-50 11/19/96
SW-65 10/1/96
SW-65 11/13/96
SW-66 10/11/96
SW-66 11/1 3/96
S.W. Stockpile
SW 58 1 0/9/96
SW-581 1/1 3/96
RockyGulchDam
RG-1 12/4/96
Downgradient of the
TailingsDams
LSB-2 10/11/96
SW-44 11/15/96
SW 53 1 0/8/96
Upg District Wells
DW-3 11/2/96
DW-3 12/16/96
DW-14 11/30/96
DW-1 11/22/96
DW-19 12/12/96*
Bgd District Wells
DW-02 9/19/95
DW-02 10/31/96
DW-02 11/30/96
DW-03 2/21/95
DW 04 2/22/95
DW-04 12/03/96
DW-04 12/12/96
DW-05 12/3/96
DW05 12/12/96
DW-14 10/17/95
DW-14 2/12/95
DW-14 10/26/96
Gross
Alpha

150
240
7
79
96
4
3
51
40

19
18
35
66
20
19
2
2

190
17
27
18
10
17
9
28
12
6.3
5
4
13.4
7
4
5
4
4
0.4
5.6
9
Gross
Beta

140
160
30
100
68
27
31
51
38

6
7
-2
11
8
4
170
110

190
41
53
25
59
50
5
66
5
17.5
13
22
42.3
4
8
9
7
7
8.4
3.9
5
Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or
All Morenci data is presented in Appendix C
Reference: PD, 1997
Upg = Upgradient, Bgd
'Reported tota!-U
= Background, * =
Calculated
Total-U

250
249.9
1.4
123.1
129.5
1.7
0.1
42'
29.6

21.9
21.9
66.2
93.4
20.9
23.2
0
0

102
1.9
3.3
5.2
6.9
33.5
12.6
5!
13.1

2.7
1.2


2.4
4.4
2.4
3.5


8.3
Arizona guide
Not shown on Figure
U-234

130
150
1.0
61
67
1.5
0
21
18

18
19
54
77
17
20
0
0

64
1.4
2.3
3.2
4.7
23
10
2.8
11.0

1.3
2.2


1.4
3.3
2
3


6.5
U-235

10
-0.1
0.1
1.1
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.4
1.6

1.0
0.6
2.2
2.4
0.2
0.2
0
0

0
0
0
0
1.7
8.7
3.7
0
0.3

0
0


0
0.1
0
0


0
U-238

110
100
0.3
61
62
0.1
0
12
10

2.9
2.3
10
14
3.7
3.0
0
0

38
0.5
1
2
0.1
0.5
0.4
1.2
1.80

1.4
1.1


1
1
0.4
0.5


1.8
Calculated
Total-Ra

42.0
37.6
6.6
2.0
1.4
7.8
6.7
18.0
16.3

1.5
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.5
1.6
0.3

117.7
2.3
4.4
1.7
2.6
2.9
14.2
11.6
0

1.2
0.4


1.8
0.7
1.2
0.5


1.3

Ra-226

28
28
3.2
0.7
0.6
1.6
1.5
8.5
8.5

0
0.2
0
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.8
0.2

7.7
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.9
1.3
13
4.9
0

0.6
0.2


0.4
0.4
0.2
0.1


0.4

Ra-228

14
9.6
3.4
1.3
0.8
6.2
5.2
9.5
7.8

1.5
-0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.8
0.1

110
1.5
3.7
0.8
1.7
1.6
1.2
6.7
0

0.8
0.2


1.4
0.3
1
0.4


0.9
lines are shown in bold
Q





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65

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                              U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
                       Of
                  that                  or
                                                                (pCi/L)

                                       Table 33 (continued)
    The data from Phelps Dodge Morenci mine comprises about 40 percent: of the total analyses. It:
is summarized in Table 34.  About 10 percent of the total analyses exceeded either federal MCLs or
state HBGL guidelines for  radiochcmicals  (see the Exceeds Standards columns). Phelps Dodge
has installed, sampled, and tested about 86 monitoring wells as part of its APPA. Of these,  21 wells
showed levels of at least one radiochemical that exceeded either federal or state guidelines. Phelps
Dodge also sampled about 55 other process or waste streams at the Morenci process operation  41
of these samples exceeded either federal or state guidelines for gross alpha and beta activity.
                                            Table 34
                                                                (pCi/L)

Radiochemical
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta
U-238
U-234
U-235
Total Ra
Ra-226
Ra-228
Total-U
Total

Total
230
230
141
141
141
144
144
144
141
1456

Min.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Overall
Max.
240
347
110
150
10
118
28
110
250

Exceeds Standards
Avg.
10.7
22.3
3.6
7.2
0.3
3.2
1.2
2.2
11.3

St. Dev.
27.1
40.6
14.6
20.2
1.2
11.4
4.0
9.6
34.9

Total
31
24
10
16
2
15
8
12
18
136
Avg.
53.9
110.7
42.4
47.9
9.4
24.8
15.5
19.2
70.3

Std. Dev.
76.3
70.7
22.5
37.3
2.1
17.6
5.4
7.7
26.3
31
Levels of radioactivity in excess of federal MCLs or Arizona guidelines are shown in bold

MMGT 1430 = 60 percent

MM > Exceeds Standards 136 = 10 percent
66                                                                                    TENORM

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                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
VI.   REFERENCES
(ABM, 1970) Arizona Bureau of Mines, '"Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, Helium, arid Uranium in
    Arizona, Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin 182, 1970.
(ADEQ, 1997) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, letter from Dennis L Turner,
    Water Protection Approvals and Permits Section, Mining Unit, MY97:0010, January 8, 1997.
(ADEQ, 1996) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, sample analyzed by Arizona
    Radiation Regulatory Agency, August 8,  1996.
(ADEQ, 1995) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Human Health-Based Guidance
    Levels  (HBGLs) for the Ingest.ion of Contaminants in Drinking Water and Soil, September 1990,
    updated June 1992, January 1995,  and March 1995.
(ADEQ, 8/1993) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Management
    Survey, Cerbat Mountains, WQMS-212.243. August 20, 1993.
(ADEQ, 7/1993) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, analyses of samples taken from
    the Three R mine,  July 28, 1993.
(ADEQ, 4/1993) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Management
    Survey, Hillside mine, WQMS-212.260, April 20, 1993.
(ADEQ, 7/6/1992)  Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, letter to Director, Arizona
    Toxic  Information, July 6, 1992.
(ADEQ, 7/2/1992)  Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, letter to Environmental
    Coordinator, Phelps Dodge Corporation, July 2, 1992.
(ADEQ, 2/1992) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, analyses of sample taken from
    Naco Well No 4, Arizona Water Company, February 1992.
(ADEQ, 7/1991) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, letter to Phelps  Dodge, Copper
    Queen mine, regarding analyses of five samples with location map from Phelps Dodge, July 30,
    1991.
(ADEQ, 5/1991) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Office of Water Quality, Quality
    Assurance Project Plan, May 1991 !D# 10666, ADEQ-WQAPP-5/91.
(ADEQ, 1990) Arizona Department: of Environmental Quality, analytical data provided by E.M.
    Schern in support of Aquifer Protection Permit Application, submitted by Phelps Dodge s
    Copper Queen Branch Concentrator Tailing Storage Area, April 4,  1990.
(ADEQ, 9/1989) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Radionuclides in Groundwater
    and their Occurrence in Arizona,  paper presented by Robin Jenkins at Arizona Hydrological
    Society annual symposium, Water  Quality and Water Quantity Issues into the 1990s
    Adaptation to Current Realities, Casa Grande, AZ, September  1989.
(ADEQ, 5/1989) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Notice of Disposal, Bisbee Plant,
    Phelps Dodge Corporation, May 16, 1989.
(ADHS, 1985) Arizona Department of Health Services, Notice of Disposal, Cyprus Twin Buttes,
    Environmental Monitoring Anamax Uranium, Plant License 10-72, January 17, 1985.
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                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(AGS, 1992) Arizona Geological Survey, List of Publications, July 1992.
(AGS, 1990) Maps Showing Areas in Arizona with Elevated Concentrations of Uranium: Tucson,
   Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology (now the Arizona Geological Survey),  Open File
   Report 86-11, 1990.
(AMAX, 1988) AMAX Mineral Resources Company, Twin Buttes Post-Closure Monitoring
   Program Annual Summary for 1988, February 1988.
(AMAX, 1987) AMAX Mineral Resources Company, CERCLA Site Inspection Report of Twin
   Buttes mine: EPA Site ID Number: AZDO64946742,  Inspection ID Number: F9-8701-20,
   September 1987.
(Az Pay Dirt, 1979) Arizona Pay Dirt, Tour Ends Newspaper Generated Flap Over Proposed
   Uranium Plant At Bisbee, Arizona Pay Dirt, August 1979.
(ARRA,  1987) Arizona Radiation Regulatory Agency, information obtained during telephone con-
   versation between ARRA and USEPA contractor personnel, June 1987.
(ATIG, 1992) Arizona Toxic Information Group, comments from Michael Gregory to ADEQ on
   Aquifer Protection Permit Application submitted by Phelps Dodge s Copper Queen Branch
   Concentrator Tailing Storage Area, January 8, 1992.
(ASARCO 1997) ASARCO Santa Cruz, In-Situ Copper Mining Research Project, Aquifer
   Protection Permit No 101413, Quarterly Compliance Monitoring Report for 4th Quarter
   1996, Jan 28, 1997.
(ASARCO 1994) ASARCO Santa Cruz, In-Situ Copper Mining Research Project, Aquifer
   Protection Permit No 101413, October 30, 1994.
(CRC, 1978)  CRC Press, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 59th Edition. Robert C. Weast,
   Ph.D., editor, 1978-1979.
(Cyprus, ll/1997b) Cyprus Sierrita Corp, Additional Characterization of Hydrogeologic
   Conditions Sierrita Operation Aquifer Protection Permit Application, Volume 1, November
   13, 1997.
(Cyprus, ll/1997a) Cyprus Sierrita Corp, Twin Buttes mine, Characterization of Hydrogeologic
   Conditions in support of Aquifer Protection Permit Application Oxide Plant Area Twin Buttes
   mine, November 13, 1997.
(Cyprus, 1996) Cyprus Mineral Park Corp, Supplemental Aquifer Protection Permit Application
   Data Table: data collected during and after June 1995 and data collected prior to June 1995,
   1996.
(Cyprus, 1994) Cyprus Mineral Park  Corp, Aquifer Protection Permit Application Draft,  con-
   taining radiochemistry data for Cyprus Mineral Park mine, analytical results: (Between 6/20 to
   8/20, 1996) and (Report No.: 02788 April 26,1993), January 1994.
(Cyprus, 12/1993) Cyprus Bagdad Copper Corporation, Groundwater Investigation Hillside
   Loadout Property, Report 022, submitted to  ADEQ as  part of their APPA, December 7, 1993.
 (Cyprus, 10/1993) Cyprus Bagdad Copper Corporation, APPA, Groundwater Investigation
   Hydrologic Area HA-7 Bagdad Mine, October 26,1993.
(Cyprus, 6/1993) Cyprus Bagdad Copper Corporation, APPA, Vol 2, Groundwater Investigation
   Hydrologic Areas HA-1, HA-2, HA-4, HA-5 of the Bagdad Mine. June 1, 1993.
                                                                                TENORM

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                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(Cyprus,  1992) Cyprus Bagdad Copper Corporation, letter to ADEQ on compliance monitoring at
    Bagdad, submitted to ADEQ as part of their APPA, February 18, 1992.
(Duncan  and Spencer, 1992) Duncan, John T., and Jon Spencer, USGS, and Pejman and Steve
    Emrick, ADEQ, A Reconnaissance Study of Radon and Other Radionuclides in Arizona Well
    Water,  1992.
(Hopkins and Lynch, 1977) Hopkins, W.R., and Lynch, Anamax Oxide Plant: A New U.S.
    Dimension in Solvent Extraction, in Engineering and Mining Journal, February 1977.
(Keith, 1970) Keith, S.B,  Uranium in Arizona,  in Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin 182, Arizona
    Geological Survey, 1970.
(Lorenz,  1982) Lorenz, W.R., Uranium Recovery from Copper Leach Solutions at Twin Buttes,
    in Society of Mining Engineers of AIME, 1982.
(Maest, 1991) Maest, Ann, comments on Aquifer Protection Permit Application submitted by
    Phelps Dodge s Copper Queen Branch  Concentrator Tailing Storage  Area, December  19,
    1991.
(Magma 4/1996) Magma BHP Copper Pinto Valley, Supplemental Aquifer Protection Permit
    Application, April 04, 1996.
(Magma,  1/1996) Magma Florence: Aquifer Protection Permit Application, Volume IV, Modeling
    Report  Section 3.7.4,5,6, January  15 1996.
(Magma,  1992) Magma Copper Corporation, letter to ADEQ, March 31,  1992.
(Magma,  1991) Magma Copper Corporation, letter to ADEQ, October 4, 1991.
(Margolla,  1992) Margolla, Judy, Two Groups Say: PD Impacts Threaten Groundwater,  in
    Arizona Daily Star, January 19, 1992.
(NAS, 1999) National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Evaluation of Guidelines
    for the Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials,
    National Academy Press, January 1999.
(NCRP, 1987) National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Exposure of the
    Population in the United States and Canada From Natural Background Radiation.
    Recommendations of NCRP Report: No. 94, December 1987.
(Paschoa, 1998) Paschoa, Anselmo S., Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in the
    Environment: Potential Environmental and Regulatory Implications of Naturally Occurring
    Radioactive Materials  (NORM),  in Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 49 Number 3,
    SO969-8043(97)00239-X, March 1998.
(Pewe, 1989)  Pewe, Troy L.,  Environmental Geology of Arizona,  in Geologic Evolution of
    Arizona, J.P. Jenney and S.J. Reynolds, editors, Arizona Geological  Society Digest 17, 1989.
(PD, 1997)  Phelps Dodge Morenci Inc, Evaluation of Radionuclide Sampling and Analyses, March
    12, 1997.
(PD, 1996)  Phelps Dodge,  Copper Queen, Supplemental Aquifer Protection Permit Application,
    June  20, 1996.
(PD, 1995)  Phelps Dodge Morenci District, Aquifer Protection Permit Application Vol II Sec 4-7,
    6.4.3.2.5 Radionuclides and Table 6-29 Groundwater Characterization Analytical Laboratory
TENORM                                                                              69

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                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    Results for Radionuclides, March 28,1995.
(PD, 1994) Phclps Dodge Corporation, Aquifer Protection Permit Application submitted by
    Copper Queen Branch Concentrator Tailing Storage Area, Site Characterization, June 16,1994.
(PD, 1993) Phelps Dodge New Cornelia Mine, Report of Radionuclide Analytic Results, submitted
    to ADEQ as part of their APPA, March 1993.
(PD, 1990) Phelps Dodge Corporation, Aquifer Protection Permit Application excerpts, Copper
    Queen Branch Concentrator Tailing Storage Area, 1990.
(3R, 1992) 3R Resources, report to ADEQ on analytical results submitted to ADEQ, September 9,
    1992.
(Still, 1962) Still, A R.,Uranium at Copper Cities and Other Porphyry Copper Deposits, Miami
    District Arizona, unpublished thesis, Harvard University, 1962.
(USEPA, 1994) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technical Background Document, Review
    of Radionuclide Concentrations in Rocks, Soils, Mining Materials, and Coal Ash, July 1994.
(USEPA, 1990) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report to Congress on Special Wastes
    from Mineral Processing, EPA/530-SW-90-070C, July 17, 1990.
(USEPA, 12/1985) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report to Congress: Waste from the
    Extraction and Beneficiation of Metallic Ores, Phosphate and Rock Asbestos. Overburden from
    Uranium Mining, and Oil Shale,  EPA/5-SW-8S-033, December 1985.
(USEPA, 10/1985) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Occurrence of Radon and
    Other Natural Radioactivity in Public Water Supplies, EPA 520/5-85-008, October 1985.
(USGS, 1987)  U.S. Geological Survey, USGS Water Resources Investigations Report 87- 4103,
    Groundwater Resources of the Bisbee - Naco Area, Coshise County, Arizona, Report Findings:
    Bisbee-Naco Groundwater Quality Fact Sheet H-6500.08, 1987.
(USGS, 1963) U.S. Geological  Survey, Mineralogy, Internal Structural and Textural
    Characteristics, and Paragenesis of Uranium-Bearing Veins in the Conterminous United
    States, in Professional Paper 455-Y), 1963.
(USGS, 1955) U.S. Geological  Survey,  Geology and Ore Deposits of the Bagdad Area, Yavapai
    County, Arizona,  in Professional Paper 278, 1955.
(Yozwiak,  1992) Yozwiak, Steve, Environmentalist Battle Plan for Mine Tailings in The Arizona
    Republic, January 1992.
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                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
APPENDIX   A
                        of

that are                                   or
   The Arizona Department of Mines and Mineral Resources maintains a computerized database
   called the Mineral Industry Location System (AZMILS) that lists all known mineral occurrences
in Arizona. A section of the AZMILS database identifies 421  old miner  records of primary
uranium occurences  and  another 161 records of byproduct occurrences  of uranium, for a  total
of 582 known occurrences of uranium in Arizona. About fourteen percent or 80 of the 582 records
are associated with copper minerals. The majority of these records were taken from Keith s 1970
work on uranium in The Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin 182, entitled  Uranium in Arizona
(Keith, 1970). References cited below may be found in Keith (Ibid.); and  the site identification
numbers are those used from the same source. This Appendix lists all of the old miner records
of uranium that are associated with copper and that have sample analyses or assay information.
When scintillation or  GEIGER counters were used,  an entry is denoted by eU. The data are
arranged by site  identification number (Figure A shows the location of each  site), mine name, loca-
tion (township and  range), physical description, mineralogy, and the Arizona State Bureau of Mine
file references for each site. Copper minerals associated with the uranium are shown in bold.
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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Site                #,
              and
V4.     Cerbat Mountain Range mines.
V4A.   Detroit group. W. Central Sec,. 31. T. 23 N., R. 17 W.
V4B.   Summit mine. Central Sec. 32. T. 23 N., R.  17 W.
V4C.   Bobtail mine. SW. 1/4 Sec. 31, T. 23 N., R.  17 W.
V4D.   Jim Kane (Monitor group) NE. 1/4 Sec. 8, T. 22 N., R. 17 W.
V4E.   Prosperity et alia. N. Central Sec. 6, T.  22 N., R. 17 W.
V4F.   J. C. and Fort Lee. SE. 1/4 Sec. 12, T. 22 N., R.  18 W. and others in Mohave County
        area. Finely disseminated uranium mineralization associated with base metal sulfides and
        quartz gangue in fault fissures and shear zones in granite. Samples range from less than 0.01
        to about 0.50 percent uranium, but overall average is too low to recover economically. Old
        base-metal and precious mcLal mines. (Misc.  AEC PRR reports, Hart, 1955, HarL and
        Hetland, 1953).

V10.   Hillside  mine, Seven Star claim. NW. 1/4 Sec. 21, T.  15 N., R. 9 W. Yavapai County.
        Pitchblende and secondary uranium carbonates (andersonite, bayleyite, swartzite) locally
        present in gold-silver-base sulfide-fluorite fissure vein cutting Precambrian Yavapai Schist.
        Samples showed trace to 0.11 percent uranium. Mined extensively for gold, silver and base
        sulfides.  A few tons of uranium ore shipped.  (Wright,  1950; Anderson, Scholz and Strobell,
        1955).

VI5.   Buckhorn, Cuba, Lucky Day, Independence mines. SE. 1/4 Sec. 8,  SW. 1/4 Sec. 9, T. 11
        N., R. 5 W.  (Unsurveyed) Yavapai  County. Sparse torbernite along a quartz vein and thin
        coating of uranophane on surface of granite. Average sample less than 0.01 percent uranium,
        but radioactivity of granite is locally abnormal. Tungsten and beryllium mineralization pre-
        sent. Old copper, tungsten and gold mines. (Granger and Raup, 1962).

V16.   Little Surprise. SE. 1/4 Sec. 33, T.  11 N., R.  1 E. Yavapai  County.  Torbernite in small
        quartz-barite vein with copper staining cutting Precambrian rocks.  Grab sample ran 0.701
        percent cU. Old silver prospect. (Barrett and  Robison,  1954, AEC PRR A-P-245).

V17.   Ford claim (Gazelle mine). NE. 1/4 Sec. 33,  T. 10 N., R.  1 W. Yavapai County.
        Torbernite and uranophane in small quartz stringers in fault carrying base metal sulfides
        and gold and silver values. Select sample assayed 0.18 percent eU. Old gold mine.
        (Robison, 1955, AEC PRR A-16).

V18.   Abe Lincoln mine. SE. 1/4 Sec. 11, T. 8 N., R. 3 W. Yavapai County. Uraninite and
        schoepite associated with copper and iron minerals and quartz, calcite and fluorite gangue
        in gouge veins cutting Precambrian complex  of gneiss  and  schist intruded by granite and
        dikes. Select samples from dumps ran up to 0.46 percent uranium.  Old copper mine.
        (Granger and Raup,  1962).

Vl9.    Denver group. Approx. NW.  1/4 T. 8 N., R. 3 W. Yavapai County. Radioactivity  associat-
        ed with copper mineralization, fluorite, quartz, calcite,  pyritc and sideritc along fault-fissure
        vein cutting Precambrian complex.  Select sample ran up to 0.61 percent uranium. Old cop-
        per working. (Ashwill, 1955,  AEC  PRR A-54).
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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
V25.    Copper Kid group. Sec. 10, T. 6 N., R. 4 E. Maricopa County. Uraninite, copper
        carbonates, galena and barite in red jasper zone in precanibrian schist intruded by dikes.
        Select sample ran 0.77 percent uranium. Old lead-silver prospect. (Reyner and Ashwill,
        1954, AECPRRA-P-280).

V27.    Golondrina claims. Approx. SE. 1/4 Sec. 13, T. 11 S., R, 25 E. (Unsurveyed) Graham
        County. Radioactive pyromorphite, quartz and limonite in cavities and fractures in layer of
        agglomerate or flow breccia and porphyritic volcanics. Trace of copper minerals. Generally
        low grade but some samples ran as high as 0.26 percent elJ. Prospect pits and adit.
        (Granger and Raup, 1962).

V33.    Wooley No. 1. Sec. 33, T.  4 S., R. 13 E. Final County. Unidentified uranium mineral
        associated with iron and weak copper oxides or staining in veins cutting granite. Selected
        sample  ran 0.017 percent uranium. Prospected. (Granger and Raup, 1962).

V34.    Name Unknown. Sees. 26 and 35, T. 4 S., R. 11 E. Final County.  Radioactivity associated
        with zones of small  stringers of iron and copper oxides and carbonates in granite. Select
        assay ran 0.012 to 0.124 percent eU. Old adits and shaft. (Ashwill,  1954, AEC PRR A-P-
        291).

V38.    Sure Fire No. 1. Sec. 15, T. 13 S., R. 18 E. Pima County. Radioactive minerals (uranophane
        and autunite) associated with quartz-fluorite and minor copper in leached, crushed and
        altered precambrian schist.  Samples indicate 0.002 to 0.008 percent uranium. Prospect pits.
        (Granger and Raup, 1962).

V40.    Copper Squaw. Sec. 19, T.  14 S., R. 2 E. Pima County. Unidentified uranium mineraliza-
        tion associated with oxidized copper and iron in vein in altered andesite. Selected samples
        ran 0.76 and 1.4 percent eU, but may have other radioactive elements besides uranium.
        Old copper property. (Wells and Putluck, 1953, AEC PRR A-P-102).

V42.    Black Dike. Sees. 23, 24, 25 and 26,  T. 17 S., R. 10 E. Pima County. Pitchblende and
        manganese oxide along fractures and  in contact metamorphized granite  along basaltic dike.
        Associated copper mineralization and fluorite. Assays showed 0.011 to  0.16 percent urani-
        um. Shaft. (Granger and Raup,  1962).

V44.    Diamond Head group. Sec. 34, T. 17 S., R. HE.  Pima County. Uraninite associated with
        iron and copper sulfides and hematite, in fault vein structure cutting intrusive. Assays of
        0.22  and 0.74 percent uranium reported but average much lower. Adits and pits.  (Miller
        and Miller, 1956, AEC PRR A-94).

V45.    Escondida. Sec.  34, T. 17 S., R. HE. Pima County. Uraninite with iron and copper sul-
        fides  in contact zone along basic dike intruding granitic rock. Select samples ran 0.03 to
        0.06  percent eU. Pits. (Miller,  1955,  AEC PRR  A-35).

V49.    Esperanza mine. Sees. 8, 9, 16  and 17, T. 18 S., R. 12 E. Pima County. Uraninite and sec-
        ondary  uranium minerals associated with molybdenite and copper minerals in New Year s
        Eve mine and in veinlets in porphyry copper deposit. Assays of old ore  stockpile ran 0.111
        to 0.182 percent eU. Shaft and  open pit. (Robison,  1954, AEC PRR A-P-255; Lynch, 1968).

V50.    King mine. E. Central Sec. 24, T. 18 S., R. 15 E. Pima County. Pitchblende with iron and
        copper  sulfides and quartz-calcite gangue in pockets along limestone quartz monzonite con-
        tact. Samples assayed 0.14 to 0.93 percent eU. Old silver-copper mine.  (Miller, 1955, AEC
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        PRRA-37).

V51.    Gismo group. Sec. 5 T. 21 S., R. 10 E. Pima County. Sooty uraninite, kasolite and
        schroeckiiigerite identified with copper and iron mineralization in fault-fissure vein in granite.
        Samples assayed 0.12 to 0.30 percent eU. Old gold-silver mining area. (Magleby, 1957,
        AECPRRA-114).

V54.    Alto group (Gold Tree, El Plomo). SE. 1/4 Sec. 12, N. _ Sec. 13, T. 21 S.,  R. 14 E. Santa
        Cruz County. Very fine uraninite crystals on cross-fractures in quartz-latite agglomerate.
        Assay showed 0.07 percent eU.  Old silver-base metal mine. (Miller and Robison, 1955,
        AECPRRA-P-360).

V56.    Cracker Jack group.  Sec.  29, T., 21 S,., R. 15 E, Santa Cruz County. Pitchblende associat-
        ed with base sulfide  mineralization in fissure veins cutting quartz latite. Assays up to 0.07
        percent eU. Prospect pits. (Miller, 1955, AEC PRR A-39).

V57.    Graridview group. N. Center Sec. 20, T. 22 S., R, 10 E. Santa Cruz County. Kasolite with
        iron and copper oxides in vein cutting silicified volcanics. Samples assayed up to 0.076 per-
        cent eU. Shaft and open  cut. (Reyner and Robison, 1955, AEC PRR A-P-319).

V58.    Little Doe. Sec. 20, T. 22 S., R. 10 E. Santa Cruz County. Gurnmite and kasolite with iron
        and copper oxides in fracture zones in volcanics. Samples assayed 0.036 to 0.125 percent
        uranium. Old workings. (Webb and Coryell, 1952, AEC PRR A-SL-3; Miller and Weathers,
        1953, AEC PRR A-SL-3 Suppl.).

V61.    Annie Laurie. SE. 1/4 Sec. 1, T. 23 S., R. 11 E. Santa Cruz County. Pitchblende and sec-
        ondary  uranium minerals associated with base sulfide and oxides in shear fractures in altered
        granite  and porphyry. Selected samples may be relatively high but average is close to 0.01
        percent uranium. Prospect pits. (Granger and Raup,  1962).

V62.    White Oaks mine (Clark mine). NE. 1/4 Sec. 2, T. 24 S., R. 12 E. Santa Cruz County.
        Kasolite, uranophane, dumontite, autunite, and uranium-bearing pyromorphite with oxi-
        dized lead and copper minerals in fissures and gouge of shear zone in rhyolite volcanics.
        Selected samples assayed  up to 0.02 percent uranium, but average much lower. Adits and
        pits. (Granger and Raup, 1962).

V78.    Mickey Dolan mine. SE. 1/4 Sec. 5, T. 6 N., R. 13 W. Yurna County. Unidentified urani-
        um mineral associated with secondary copper and iron minerals in fault cutting granite and
        schist. Samples assayed 0.018 to 0.185 percent uranium. Pits, shaft and drifts. (Williams
        and Walthier, 1953, AEC PRR A-SL-4).

V79.    Bonanza mine. NW. 1/4 Sec. 26, T.  7 N., R. 13 W. Yurna County. Unidentified uranium
        mineral associated with iron and copper secondary minerals in fissure cutting granite and
        schist. Sample assayed 0.07 percent uranium. Incline shaft and drifts. (Ashwill, 1954-1955,
        AECPRRA-P-301).

V80.    Rayvern group. NW. 1/4 Sec. 13, T. 6 N., R. 18 W. Yuma County. Uranophane and
        meta-autunite associated  with iron and copper staining in fissures and limestone beds over-
        lying granite. Select samples ran O.03 to 0.08 percent eU. Small pits and shaft. (Ashwill,
        1955, AEC PRR A-P-148).

V84.    McMillan prospect.  NE.  Corner Sec. 16, T.  16 S., R, 16 W. (Unsurveyed) Yurna County.
        Unidentified uranium mineral associated with secondary iron and copper minerals in frac-
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        ture zone in granite. Sample of stockpiled copper ore ran 0.034 percent uranium. (Granger
        andRaup, 1962).

127.    Rainbow (Last Chance). NW. 1/4 Sec. 25, T. 40 N., R. 6 W. Mohave County. Copper-
        uranium mineralization occurs in coarse grained, poorly sorted sandstone with pebble con-
        glomerate lenses. Iron oxides, manganese oxides and carbonaceous trash. Probably sandy
        strata of Petrified Forest Member. Shallow mineralization. Old copper prospect. Uranium
        assays 0.012 to 0.24 percent uranium. Copper assays 0.025 percent. (Holen and Twitchell,
        1955, AECPRRR-Rs-106).

128.    Radon claims. SE. 1/4 Sec. 23, T. 40 N., R. 6 W. Mohave County. Probably continuation
        of occurrence at Rainbow (No. 127). Copper-uranium mineralization occurs in coarse grained,
        poorly sorted sandstone with pebble conglomerate lenses. Iron oxides, manganese oxides and
        carbonaceous trash. Probably sandy strata of Petrified Forest Member, Shallow mineralization.
        Old copper prospect. Uranium assays 0.012 to 0.24 percent  uranium. Copper assays 0.025
        percent.  Few loads reported shipped. (Scott and Twitchell, 1954, AEC PRR R-R-204).

S7.     Katy J. claims.  Approx. SW. 1/4 Sec. 14, T. 39 N., R. 4 W,  Mohave County.  Uranium
        mineralization  (0.016 to 0.224 eU percent), possibly torbernite, occurs with copper car-
        bonate and carbonaceous trash in eight inch friable, white to tan, medium-grained sandstone
        between red sandy shale. Prospected. (Holen and Twitchell, 1955, AEC PRR R-R-286).

S31.    Red Hills (Tate). West Central Sec. 7, T.  11 N., R.  13  W. Mohave County. Secondary yel-
        low and  orange uranium minerals associated with some copper oxides coating fractures in
        shattered and brecciated chalcedonic quartz, barite, fluorite and copper oxide vein in fault
        or sedimentary breccia at base of Artillery Formation (Eocene). Breccia consists of fragments
        of schist, felsite, conglomerate and limestone cemented  by silica, carbonate arid manganese
        oxide; part of thrust sheet. Radioactivity strongest: at: intersections of crosscutting shear zones
        and vein. Channel samples in shaft averaged 0.06 percent uranium over 10 foot wide.
        Select samples ran up to 0.314 percent uranium. Origin believed to be due to groundwater
        deposition. Shallow shaft and surface cuts. (Hart, 1955., Granger and Raup, 1962).

P4.     Copper House Colition Nos. 1 and 2. Approx. Sees. 1 and 2, T. 32 N., R. 11  W. Mohave
        County. Unidentified uranium mineralization associated with copper mineralization in
        curving or circular brecciated zones in bleached and fractured, coarse sediments of the Supai
        Formation. Assay results showed 0.006 to 0.165  percent uranium. Prospected  for copper
        and uranium but no production noted. (Meehan, 1953, AEC PRR R-R135, 136, Finch,
        1967).

P5.     Orphan  mine.  SW. 1/4 Sec. 14,  T. 31 N., R. 2 E. Coconino County. Uraninite and
        secondary uranium minerals in a nearly vertical, circular, pipe-like body of collapse breccia.
        The breccia consists mostly of highly fractured Coconino Sandstone and Hermit Shale
        dropped into the collapse structure. Strong bleaching and alteration. Mineralization,
        strongest around the periphery, consisting of disseminations and vein-like  stringers of urani-
        nite in association with sulfides of iron, copper, lead, zinc, cobalt and molybdenite. Pipe
        increases somewhat in size downward from 175 to 450 feet in diameter. Ore is high grade,
        average samples running up to over 1.0 percent uranium. A major producer in Arizona,
        supplying close to 500,000 tons  of ore averaging 0.30 to 0.60 percent uranium. Probably
        contains at least: 100,000 tons of additional ore of about 0.30 percent: uranium. (Granger
        and Raup, 1962, AEC Guidebook, 1959,  Finch, 1967).
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P6.     Ridenour mine. NE. 1/4 Sec. 6, T. 31 N., R. 8 W. Coconino County. Carnotite-type min-
        eralization associated with copper carbonates, silicates and sulfides along with pyrite and
        iron oxides in an inferred pipe like body of fractured and bleached, collapsed Supai
        Formation sediments. Mineralization is both disseminated  and in vein-like structures,
        strongest along the periphery. Samples ran from trace to almost 0.5 percent uranium.
        Vanadium to uranium ratio greater than 10:1 and vanadium minerals widely distributed.
        Traces of cobalt also detected. Originally mined for copper. Some production shipped and
        a small resource may remain. (Miller, 1954,  AEC RME-2014.; Finch, 1967).

P8.     Copper Mountain mine. SW. 1/4 Sec. 14, T. 32 N., R. 10 W. Mohave County. Probably
        uraninite and secondary uranium minerals associated with copper, zinc and lead minerals
        in breccia Led fine-grained sandstone of Supai Formation on periphyry of pipe-like body  of
        collapse structure. Samples ran from 0.013 to 0.75 percent eU. Worked originally for cop-
        per. No uranium production reported.  (King and Henderson, 1953, AEC PRR A-P-99;
        Finch, 1967).

2.       Alta Vista group  (Little Sis No. 1 et alia, Irish Barco). Sees. 4, 5, 8 and 9, T. 4 N., R. 14 E.
        (Protracted). In short, deep, SW. trending canyons draining mesas to N. and E. Probably in
        flat-lying black fades overlying barren quartzite. No apparent nearby diabase but faulting to
        E. Anomalous radioactivity related to limonite-stained fractures with copper carbonates. No
        uranium minerals recognized. Radioactivity moderately high and selected Cu stained sam-
        ple ran 0.056 percent eU. Worked originally for copper. No uranium production reported.
        (Schwartz, 1954, AEC PRR A-P250; Granger and Raup, 1969b, p. 6).

6.       Black Brush group (10 claims). SE. 1/4 Sec. 4, T. 6 N., R. 14 E. On S. slope of ridge
        between NE. trending canyons tributary to Cherry Creek, at about 5,600 foot elevation. At
        intersection of fracture zone with black fades immediately overlying barren quartzite. Sierra
        Ancha diabase sheet 80 feet below. Close to Cherry Creek, monocline. Irregular radioactivity.
        Primary uraninite associated with minor pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, marcasite, galena and
        pyrite. More sulfides in barren quartzite. Torbernite near surface. Select samples ran greater
        than 1.5 percent uranium, but average over one foot width was less than 0.1 percent urani-
        um. Two shipments: -7.94 tons of 0.11 percent uranium (Late 1955) -11.23 tons of 0.07
        percent uranium  (mid 1956). There may be  a few hundred tons of very low-grade material.
        (Schwartz, 1955, AEC PRR A-P-310; Granger and Raup, 1969a, Fig. 40; Granger and
        Raup, 1969b, p.  12).

8.       Blevins Canyon deposit (36+claims). NE.  1/4 Sec.  1, T. 6 N., R.I2 E. (Protracted). On N.
        wall of Dupont (Blevins)  Canyon at about 5,500 foot elevation. Bedded  deposit in fine-
        grained arkosic sandstone  of upper member in palcochariricl cut in middle member.
        Probably discordant diabase body eroded away above. Copper-bearing quartz veins to N.
        Abnormal radioactivity over 15 foot of strata for 200 feet along canyon wall but only meta-
        torbernite recognized. Abundant copper and limonite staining. Selected sample ran 0.351
        percent eU. Three foot vertical cut sample ran 0.032 percent eU. (Schwartz, 1954, AEC
        PRR A-P-257; Granger and Raup, 1969b, p. 16).

12.     Cataract deposit (7 claims). SW. 1/4 Sec. 19, T. 7 N., R. 13 E. (Protracted). On southward
        projecting nose of Middle Mountain on N. slope of Cataract Canyon at about 5,600 foot
        elevation. Apparently a bedded deposit in lower part of upper member in shallow channel
        cut in middle member. No diabase close-by. Weakly disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite
        with fracture coatings of limonite, clay, metatorbernite, malachite and chrysocolla.
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        Irregular radioactivity. Selected samples ran 0.18 to 0.21 percent eU. No production
        known. May be a few tons of low-grade material. (Schwartz,  1955, AEC PRR A-P-353;
        Granger and Raup, 1969b, p,  24).

13.     Conway deposit. South Central Sec.34, T. 7 N., R. 12 E. (Protracted). On bench between
        Malicious Gap and Mud Springs Canyon on SW. slope of Copper Mountain. In upper mem-
        ber. Diabase may underlie deposit. Cut by copper-bearing quartz vein. Autunite, metator-
        bernite, and disseminated sulfides. Radioactivity about 26X background. Chip samples ran
        0.30 and 0.66 percent eU.  No production known. No resources estimated. (Schwartz and
        Kinneson,  1956, AEC PRR A-92).

15.     Donna Lee deposits  (15 claims). SE.  1/4 Sec. 13, T. 5 N.,  R. 14 E. On  W. wall of Deer
        Creek Canyon at about 4,800 foot elevation. In strongly weathered and oxidized black fades
        10-15 feet above barren quarLzile. Major fault to W. Diabase sills in Pioneer Formation
        below and dike in fault. Irregular vein-type mineralization-pyrite, limonite, secondary cop-
        per minerals, gypsum and sulfate. Metatorbernite only uranium mineral noted. Relatively
        strong radioactivity. Chip and grab samples ran 0.24-0.29 percent eU. No production report-
        ed. Possibly about 100 tons of low to moderate grade material.  (Schwartz 1954, AEC PRR
        A-P-262; Schwartz, 1955, AEC PRR A-6; Granger and Raup, 1969b, p. 27, Fig. 2).

16.     Easy deposit (12 claims). SE. 1/4 Sec. 35, T. 7 N., R. 13 E. (Protracted). On SW slope of
        McFadden Peak about 1 1/4 mile WSW of Lookout Tower at 6,100 feet elevation.
        Bedded-type deposit in lower part of upper member immediately above contact with mid-
        dle member. No nearby diabase known. Sparse and irregular abnormal radioactivity.  Finely
        disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite, metatorbernite, uraniferous opal, saleeite, bassetite,
        metazeunerite, covellite and limonite. Select samples ran 0.42 percent eU. Cut and grab
        samples ran 0.02-0.08 percent eU. No production reported. No resources estimated.
        (Granger and Raup,  1969b, p. 30).

18.     First Chance deposits (11  claims). SE. 1/4 Sec.  1, T. 5 N., R. 13 E. about 0.4 miles N. of
        Parker Creek experimental Station at about 5,600 foot elevation. Vein-type deposits along
        fractures in black fades about  10-13  feet above barren quartzite complex structure. Sierra
        Ancha diabase sheet  originally close-by. Disseminated pyrite, chalcopyrite and chalcocite,
        metatorbernite, malachite, azurite, bassetite, uraniferous hyalite on fractures.  Abundant
        limonite, chalcanthite and sulfate. Radioactivity weak to moderate. Channel samples  ran
        0.02 to 0.12 percent U. One shipment: 35.53 tons of 0.08 percent U (2nd Quat. 1957).
        Possibly 100 tons of low-grade material. (Granger and Raup, 1969a, Fig. 26;  Granger and
        Raup, 1969b, p. 35).

24.     Hope deposit (16 claims). NE. 1/4 Sec. 30, T. 6 N., R. 14 E. On steep  NE. wall of
        Workman Creek about 1.5 rnilcs upstream from Globe-Young  road. Vein-type in hornfcls
        of black facies 10-25 feet above barren quartzite. Sierra Ancha diabase sheet cuts  host rocks
        discordantly with associated irregular aplite dikes and sill-like syenite. Contains black deu-
        teric veinlets. Abundant disseminated and veinlets of pyrite and marcasite, pyrrhotite,
        molybdenite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, calcite, chlorite, nontronitc and disseminated
        and stringers of uraninite. Oxidized portion shows B-uranophane, metatorbernite, limonite
        and gypsum. Some fluorite noted. Most productive deposit. Shipments: 1,380 tons 0.18
        percent uranium; 188 tons 0.13 percent uranium; 4,743 tons 0.26 percent uranium;  2,000
        tons 0.38 percent uranium. Probably a few thousand tons of low to moderate grade still
        present. (Schwartz, 1954, AEC PRR  A-P-289; Granger and Raup, 1969a, Pi. 3; Granger
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        andRaup, 1969b, p. 44).

25.     Horse Shoe deposit (Crying Jew et alia). SW. Corner Sec. 11, T.6 N., R. 14E. On side of
        Gold Creek about 0.7 miles from Cherry Creek at about 4,300 foot elevation. Bedded-type
        in shattered gray fades. Two to eight feet thick. Sierra Ancha diabase sheet above and to W.
        About 30 feet above contact with middle member Ample sulfides but no uranium minerals
        recognized; pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena disseminated or in veinlets.
        Radioactivity about lOOX background. Probably disseminated uraninite. Two shipments:
        6.55 tons 0.17 percent uranium; 7.34 tons 0.02 percent uranium. No resources estimated.
        (Schwartz, 1956, AEC PRR A-102; Granger and Raup, 1969a, Fig. 48; Granger and Raup,
        1969b, p. 54).

29.     Jackie deposits (Lucky chance, Uranium). Approx. East Center Sec. 9 T. 4 N., R.  14 E. On
        steep upper to SE. of Alia Visla (No. 2)  group. In upper member. No nearby diabase
        noted. Disseminated copper oxides along fractures but no uranium minerals noted.
        Maximum radioactivity about:  15X background. Samples ran 0.10 to 0.21 percent eU and
        8.48 percent Cu. No resources estimated. (Wells, 1954, AEC PRR A-P-180; Schwartz, 1956,
        AEC PRR A-109).

34.     Lost Dog deposits. North Central Sec. 30, T. 6 N., R. 14 E. On S. side of Workman Creek
        about  1 mile up stream from the Globe Young road and 5,900-6,000 feet elevation. Vein-
        type with some bedded mineralization in fractured and  partly recrystallized black fades just
        above  barren quartzite and overlying Sierra Ancha diabase sheet. Disseminated pyrite and
        sparse chalcopyrite and graphite. Abundant rnetatorbernite on fractures  and bedding planes.
        Uraniferous hyalite, rare  galena. Radioactivity irregular but locally strong. About 1,400 tons
        shipped ranging from less than 0.01 to 0.20 percent uranium. (Barrett, 1954, AEC PRR A-
        P-232; Granger and Raup, 1969a, Pi.  2, Figs. 18, 28; Granger and Raup, 1969b, p.74).

35.     Lucky Boy deposit (50 claims). North Central Border Sees. 31-32, T. 2 S., R.  15 E. 1/4
        mile W. of old Pioneer Stage Station road. In shear zone in dipping bedding planes  of black
        fades about 40-45 feet above barren quartzite and 170 feet below Mescal Limestone.
        Diabase sheet 70 feet below. Abundant fracturing probably very finely disseminated  urani-
        nite, especially in association with mica and chloite mafic alteration. Pyrite, pyrrhotite,
        chalcopyrite, rnetatorbernite, bassetite, fluorescent opal, uranophane, limonite, jarosite,
        gypsum. Some 2,430 tons shipped ranging from 0.1-0.2 percent uranium and averaging
        0.18 percent uranium. Some resources remain. (Granger and Raup, 1969, Fig. 38; Granger
        and Raup, 1969b, p.78).

37.     Lucky Stop deposits (17  claims). NW. 1/4 Sec., 30, T. N. 6 N., R. 14  E. On SW. side of
        Workman Creek about 0.6 miles upstream from Globe-Young  road at  5,800 foot  elevation.
        Vein-type with some disseminated mineralization in lower 20 feet of black fades just above
        barren quartzite and diabase intrusion. Minor recrystallization.  Uraninite, pyrite, galena,
        pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, marcasite, sphene, diopside, chlorite,  albite, calcite. 2,383
        tons shipped ran 0.15-0.20 percent uranium averaged 0.16 percent uranium. 95 tons ran
        0.22 percent uranium. Some resources remain. (Weathers, 1954, AEC PRR A-P-222;
        Granger and Raup 1969a, Figs. 18, 20; Granger and Raup, 1969b, p. 82)

44.     Quartzite deposit. NW.  1/4 Sec. 12, T.  6 N., R. 14 E. In steep re-entrant on E. wall of
        Cherry Creek Canyon about 1 mile N. of junction with Horse  Camp Creek. Elevation
        4,600 feet. Weathered mineralization on bedding planes and jointing in black fades two
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        to three feet above barren quartzite. No diabase noted. Iron oxides, malachite staining,
        kaolinite, sulfate, minor pyrite, metatorbernite. Weak radioactivity. Chip samples ran 0.06-
        0.11 percent eU. No production known. No resources estimated. (Schattz, 1956, AEC PRR
        A-87;  Granger arid Raup, 1969b, p. 97).

46.     Red Bluff deposits. SE. 1/4 Sec., 31, T. 5 N., R. 14 E. About 750 feet E. of Globe-Young
        road on E. and W. walls of Warm Creek Canyon. Vein-type and some bedded-type in gray
        unit from lower black fades, and 35 feet of gray sandstone fades divided by barren quartzite.
        Partly recrystallized to hornfels.  Thick diabase dike divides the deposit; aplite dikes  and
        deuteric veinlets in diabase; disseminated uraninite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, metator-
        bernite, bassetite, meta-autunite, beta-uranophane, saleeite, kasolite, uraniferous opal, gyp-
        son, limonite, malachite, chlorite,  kaolinite, iliite. Spotty ore and radioactivity. Samples ran
        0.04-0.07 eU.  Over 2,000 tons  of greater than 0.1 percent uranium shipped and several
        hundred tons stockpiled. Could be potential low-grade resources. (Granger and Raup, 1969a,
        PI. 4, Figs. 16, 17; Granger and Raup, 1969b, p. 102).

51.     Shepp No. 2 (5 claims). Central Border Sec. 31, T. 8 N., R. 15E, and Sec. 36, T. 8 N., R.
        14E. In Wilson Creek about  1.4 miles ENE. of Junction with Cherry Creek.  Both vein-
        arid bedded-type. Irregular mineralization in black fades about 40 feet above barren quartzite.
        Diabase above  and to N. Disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite. Calcite and clay in fractures.
        Metatorbernite, limonite, gypsum, malachite, azurite. Weak to moderate radioactivity. 1.7
        foot wide chip sample ran 0.11, 0.17  percent eU. Composite sample ran 0.12 percent eU.
        Few tons stockpiled but none shipped. Minor resources probably low-grade. (Raup, Shride
        and Haines,  1953, AEC PRR D-718; Wells and Mead, 1953, AEC PRR A-P-43; Granger
        and Raup, 1969a, Fig. 24; Granger and Raup,1969b, p. 115).

53.     Snakebit deposit (9 claims - Sunset, Mono, et alia). SE. 1/4 Sec. 32, T. 5 N., R. 17 E.
        (Protracted). On N. wall of deep tributary canyon to Ash Creek at 4,450 foot elevation.
        Bedded-type along fracture in black fades about two feet above barren quartzite. Thick
        diabase sill below to W. limonite with metatorbernite, disseminated pyrite, chalcopyrite,
        galena, and sparse sphalerite. Irregular radioactivity. No production known. No resources
        estimated. Samples ran 0.05 to 0.16 percent uranium. (Ashwill and Schwartz,  1954, AEC
        PRR A-P-234; Granger and Raup, 1969b, p. 120).

54.     Sorrel Horse deposits (Citation, Lobo, T-Bone, and Maybe). South Central Sec. 4,  T. 6 N.,
        R.  14  E. On walls of NE. trending tributary to Cherry Creek at 5,440 foot elevation. Weak
        vein-type and disseminations at various stratigraphic  horizons in grey fades below barren
        quartzite. Sierra Ancha diabase sheet intrudes beds 60 to 70 feet below barren quartzite;
        irregular syenite type segregations, black deuteric veinlets, local aplite dikes. Mica, pyrite,
        sparse chalcopyrite, limonite,  quartz,  siderite, fluorite, sphalerite, galena, clay.  Moderate
        radioactivity but no  uranium minerals noted. Sample ran 0.57 percent eU. No production
        known. No resources estimated. (Schwartz, 1955, AEC PRR A- 62; Schwartz,  1956, AEC
        PRR A-100; Granger and Raup, 1969b, p.122).

56.     Suckerite deposit (16 claims - Definitely ct alia). South Center Sec.24, T. 6 N., R.  13 E.
        (Protracted). 300 feet S. of Workman Creek and 0.3 miles W. of Globe-Young road on W.
        flank of ridge.  In narrow, mineralized, bedding-plane fracture zone in xenolith enclosed in
        diabase along Sierra Ancha monocline. Mineralized zone about 10-15 feet above diabase
        and 45 feet below Buff unit. Rock mildly recrystallized, abundant limonite and sulfides
TENORM                                                                                  79

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
        uraninite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, and galena in short veinlets and
        disseminated grains. Some 2,453 tons shipped averaging 0.234 percent uranium. Probably
        additional resources present. (Schwartz, 1954, AEC PRR A-P-252; Granger and Raup,
        1969a, Pi. 2, Fig. 37;  Gramger and Raup, 1969b, p. 125).

        Tomato Juice deposit (24 claims — Grandview, King, Snake et alia). SE. 1/4 Sec. 14, T. 5
        N., R. 16 E. (Protracted). In Regal Canyon about 900 feet SE. of Salt River at 3,200 foot
        elevation. Vein-type associated with ankerite-filled fissure in black fades. Partly recrystal-
        lized. Strong faulting with nearby diabase intrusion. Spotty pyrite, chalcopyrite and fluo-
        rite. Disseminated uraninite and minor uranophane, gypsum. Strong radioactivity in frac-
        ture.  140 tons of 0.16 percent uranium shipped and a few hundred tons remain. (Schwartz
        and Fink, 1955, AEC PRR A-P-364; Granger and Raup, 1969a, Fig. 19; Granger and
        Raup, 1969b, p. 136).
80                                                                                 TENORM

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                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
APPENDIX B
                      of
                         of
No                   or
   This Appendix lists all of the old miner records of uranium that are associated with copper miner-
   als without sample analyses or assay information. The data are arranged by site identification
number (Figure 1 shows the location of each site), mine name, location (township and range), phys-
ical description, mineralogy, and the Arizona State  Bureau of Mines file references for each site.
Copper minerals associated with  the uranium are shown in bold.
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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Site                #,
                           and
S3.     Cibecue area. Approx. NW. 1/4 Sec. 11, T 8 N., R.  17 E. (Protracted). Navajo County. Un-
        identified uranium mineral and copper oxides in gray limy mudstonc overlain by six feet of
        resistant thin-bedded calcareous silty sandstone. Field  reconnaissance indicated limestone-
        pebble conglomerate and carbonized plant material.  (Weathers, 1954, AEC PRR A-P-175;
        ABM reconnaissance, 1969).

S4.     Anita Copper deposit. Approx. SE. 1/4, T. 29 N., R. 1 E, Coconino County. Very weak
        radioactivity noted with copper carbonate mineralization disseminated in sandstone and
        limestone and concentrated on joints in Kaibab Limestone. Old copper workings. (Gibson,
        1951, AEC PRR RG-34).

S5.     Copper # 1 and Willaha group. Sees. 34, 35, T. 28 N., R., 1 E, Coconino County. Radio-
        activity up to 10 times background in two  foot zone  in and below copper oxide mineraliza-
        tion embedded in Kaibab Limestone.  Old  copper workings. (Rarnbosck and Weathers,
        1953, AEC PRR A-P-41).

S8.     Little Three # 1. Reportedly Sec. 6, T. 39 N.,  R. 3 W. Mohave Co. Radioactivity 50-100
        times background found associated with stringers and pockets of carbonaceous trash and
        fair copper showing in brown medium to fine grained sandstone  and shale  in lower part of
        Moenkopi. Prospected.  (Scott and Twitchell, 1954,  AEC PRR R-R-205).

S9.     White Mesa Copper (Arizona claim). Approx. S, Center Sec. 5, T.  37 N., R.  9 E.
        (Protracted). Coconino County. Generally weak uranium mineralization  (torbernite) associ-
        ated with  oxidized copper mineralization  in white to gray, cross bedded sandstone. Old
        copper mines. (Gibson, 1951, AEC PRR  RG-35-51).

P3.     Grandview mine. NE. 1/4 Sec.  5, T. 30 N., R.  4 E. (Protracted). Coconino County.
        Undetermined uranium mineral associated with lirnonite; copper carbonates,  silicates and
        sulfides; and pyrite in brecciated, bleached and partially rnarmorized Redwall Limestone in
        pipe like body. Weak to moderate radioactivity. Last worked in early 1900.  (Marvin, 1951,
        AECPRRRG-33).

P7.     Hack Canyon mine. NE. I/ 4 Sec.  26, T.  31 N., R. 5 W. Mohave County. Uraninite and
        secondary uranium minerals associated with primary and secondary copper minerals in
        brecciated Hermit Shale in throat of apparent  pipe like body of collapse breccia. Uranium
        values  probably average  0.1 to 0.2 percent uranium.  Originally mined for copper and some
        minor uranium ore production. There are possibilities of some additional ore.  (Granger and
        Raup,  1962; Finch, 1967).

52.     Sky deposit (20 claims - Fran et alia).  East Central Sec. 3, T. 3 S.,  R. 15 E. On nose
        between creeks feeding into El  Capitan Canyon, about 0.6 miles E. of State Highway 77.
        Bedded-type, probably lowest strata in upper member in paleochannel in quartzite.
        Discordant diabase to S. Appears to be limited secondary enrichment with metatorbernite
        coating and fracture filling. Pyrite, malachite, lirnonite, gypsum, and barite. Spotty radioac-
        tivity. No production known. No resources estimated. (Mead, 1954, AEC PRR A-P-229;
        Schwartz, 1955, AEC PRR A-P-229;  Granger  and Raup, 1969b,  p. 118).
                                                                                  TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Vl.      Chapel claim. NE. 1/4 Sec. 25, T. 33 N., R. 10 W. Mohave County. Uranophane and pos-
        sibly other uranium minerals in leached zone in sandy facie of Hermit Shale with copper
        oxides. May be indication of pipelike breccia body. Indicated grade probably below 0.02
        percent uranium. Prospected and possibly a few tons shipped out. (Nelson and Ranbosek,
        1952,  AECPRRRA-11).

V3.     De La Fontaine mine. SE. 1/4 Sec. 5, T. 22 N., R. 17 W. Mohave County. Uranium min-
        eralization, probably uraninite, finely disseminated locally in quartz-base metal sulfide filled
        fracture /ones arid shear breccias in granite and schist. Local high radioactivity. An old
        base-metal mine. (King and Rambosek,  1952, AEC PRR-35; Hart, 1955, Hart and
        Hetland,  1953).

V29.    Morenci area. S. _ T, 3 S., R.29 E. N. _ T. 4 S., R. 29 E. Greenlee County.  Traces of scat-
        Lerecl uranium mineralizaLion (torbcmile) associated with copper mineralization. Large open
        pit mine.  (ABM files).

V48.    Abe Lincoln. Sees. 34 and 35, T.I 7 S., R. HE. Pima Co. Metatorbernite, secondary cop-
        per minerals, molybdenite, quartz and chlorite in fault fissure in granite. Old drift. (Miller,
        1956,  AEC PRRA-90).

V52.    Iris and Natalie claims. SW. 1/4 Sec. 26, T. 21 S., R. 11 E. Kasolite reportedly found in
        specimen  from copper-bearing shear zones in rhyolite cut by iron stained quartz veins. Prob-
        ably spotty, local occurrences. Old property.  (Granger and Raup, 1962).

V74.    Walnut mine. Sec. 17, T. 23 S., R. 20 E. Cochise County. Uraninite with copper and iron
        sulfides in irregular lenses and quartz veins along faults and fractures  in granite. Old  lead-
        scheelite property. (Miller, 1956, AEC PRR A-95).

V77.    Bisbee area. Sec. 16, T. 23 S., R. 24 E. Cochise County. Very fine-grained uraninite occurs
        in slip planes or as crusts in zones through base-metal sulfide ore-bodies. Average grade
        would be  low. Major base-metal mine. (Bain, 1952).

4.      Hunts Mesa: (Koley No. 2 and Sam Charlie No. 1) Approx. N. central Sec. 10 and NW.
        1/4 Sec. 11, T. 40 N.,  R. 21 E. (Protracted) Navajo County. Shinarump, mostly concealed
        under  sand dunes, caps mesa and lies in at least two or more paleochannels trending  E-W
        cut into Moenkopi; one wide and relatively shallow, the other narrow and deeper. Moenkopi
        deeply cracked with Shinarump filling cracks. Paleochannels show conglomeratic sandstone
        with clay  and siltstone  pebbles at bottom grading upward into course-to medium-grained
        sandstone. Minute specks of azurite,  malachite and tyuyamunite impregnates paleochannel
        fill and mineralization partially replaces clay pebbles. Sediments are cross-bedded and con-
        tain silicified and carbonized  wood. A few hundred tons produced but grade erratic. (Chester,
        1951;  Witkind and Thaden, 1963).

7.      Harvey Black: Approx. SW.  1/4  Sec. 1, T. 41 N., R. 19 E. (Protracted) Navajo County.
        No detail information available.  Massive medium grained Shinarump sandstone in pale-
        ochannel  some 200 feet wide and 50 feet-deep cut in Moenkopi. Silicified wood and car-
        bonized debris. Secondary copper minerals. Character of uranium  mineralization  not
        reported.  Unknown production or resources. (Witkind and Thaden,  1963; AEC
        Guidebook, 1959).

8.      Monument No. 1 Annex and Mitton No.2: Approx. NE. 1/4 Sec.  24 to S. central Sec. 13,
        T. 41 N., R. 19 E. and W. central Sec.  19, T. 41 N., R.  20 E. (Protracted) Navajo County.
TENORM

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                             U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
        Trashy conglomerate, silica-cemented sandstone and calcite-cemented sandstone with
        silicified wood, carbonaceous matter and clay pebbles occur in basal remnant of paleochan-
        nel of Shinarump cut into Moenkopi. Two 2,000 foot long segments trend N to NW. Ore
        zone varies from ten to 95 feet wide and 1-18 feet thick, consisting of uranium-vanadium
        and copper minerals impregnating trashy  conglomerate and silica-cemented sandstone.
        Calcitc-cerneriLcd sandstone lenses unmincralizcd. Unoxidizcd core surrounded by oxidized
        mineralization. Roughly concentric mineralization with tyuyamunlte, metatyuyamunite,
        metatorbernite, corvusite, hewettite, volborthite, pyrite, azurite, chrysocolla, malachite and
        limonite. V:U ratio averaged 2.5:1 but varied greatly throughout. Produced a few hundred
        tons of vanadium ore in 1942-1944 period. Reopened in 1952 and until 1956 produced
        several thousand tons. Resources now depleted. (Witkind,1961; Witkind and Thaden,
        1963).

16.     Todechere(Azansoso): Approx. SE. corner Sec. 8, T.  40 N., R. 18 E. (Protracted) Navajo
        County. Little detail information available. Paleochannel of coarse-grained massive sand-
        stone with carbonized and silicified wood showing carnotite, vanadium minerals, malachite
        and limonite. Little if any production. Mineralization generally low grade.  (Witkind and
        Thaden, 1963; Finch, 1967).

17.     Lehneer Prospect: NW. 1/4 Sec. 34, T.41 N., R. 7 E. In Paria Canyon on N. side of Paria
        River. Coconino County. Small, tabular occurrence of metatorbernite, torbernite, zippeite
        and secondary copper minerals associated with sparse black carbonaceous material in thick-
        er sandstone  in upper and lower sandstone strata of Chinle above Shinarump. Short drift
        on mineralization but no production.  Mineralization limited and low grade. (Phoenix,
        1963).

20.     El Pequito mine: NW. corner Sec 14, T. 40 N., R., E. About 2 mi.  WNW of Lees Ferry.
        Coconino County. Small spoon-shaped channel of Shinarump containing conglomeratic
        sandstone and carbonized wood. Uraninite with pyrite and chalcopyrite occurs in calcite
        veinlets and oxidized  uranium and copper minerals cost pebbles and sand grains as well as
        impregnating carbonized wood. Some production reported but resources limited and low
        grade. (Phoenix, 1963).

24.     Vermilion No. 1 mine: NE. 1/4 Sec. 20, T. 38 N., R. 5 E. On Emmett Hill S. of U.S. 89.
        Coconino County. Metatorbernite and possibly other uranium and copper  minerals occur
        in a small 300 foot long, 30-50 foot wide,  10-20 foot deep channel filled with poorly sorted
        clay, sand and gravel of Shinarump. Mineralization in Shinarump and Moenkopi at or near
        contact. Produced a few tons of low-grade mineralization. Resources of low grade very  lim-
        ited. Open pit. (Peterson,  1957).

SI.     Promontory  Butte area: Approx. central Sec. 24, T. 11 N., R.  12 E. Gila County.
        Uraninite-type and possibly other uranium minerals  in limestone-pebble conglomerate and
        overlying carbonaceous shale. Minor sulfides of iron, copper and lead. Bedded type of
        deposit essentially horizontal and 1-4 feet thick. Abundant carbonized wood and plant
        remains. Prospected by an adit in 1950 and recently drilled and benched. Extent and grade
        unknown.  (Finch, 1967; ABM reconnaissance, 1969).
84                                                                                 TENORM

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                      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
APPENDIX C
       of
                    and Soil,
and              Data
Note: For each facility arid each media, the maximum arid minimum values are shown in italics.
TENORM                                                            85

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                                                               U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
                                                               Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Groundwater Data (pCi/L)
Site Name
Cyprus Bagdad Copper Creek
Cyprus Bagdad Copper Creek
CB-CC

Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
CB-LP

Cyprus Bagdad Hillside Loadout
Cyprus Bagdad Hillside Loadout
Cyprus Bagdad Hillside Loadout
Cyprus Bagdad Hillside Loadout
Cyprus Bagdad Hillside Loadout
CB-HL

Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Type
GW
GW
STotal = 2

GW
GW
GW
GW
STotal = 4

GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
STotal = 5

GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
Monitoring Well-Sample ID
MW-1
MW-2
Average
STD
MW1
MW2
MW3
MW4
Average
STD
MW-1
MW-2
MW-2A
MW-3
MW-3 Dup
Average
STD
MW2-1
MW2-2
MW3-1
MW3-2
MW3-3
MW4-2
MW4-3
MW5-2
MW5-3
MW6-5
MW7-2
MW7-3
MW 8-B5
MW 8-B Dup
MW9B5
MW10-5
MW12-2
MW12-3
Alpha
58.00
8.00
33.00
35.36
18.30
73.20
52.80
33.00
29.33
17.76
5.50
100.00
0.80
3.10
2.50
22.38
43.42
9.00
6.00
28.00
10.00
14.00
8.00
6.00
17.00
13.00
5.00
6.00
9.00
6.00
8.00
12.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
Beta




72.70

19.90
4.00
32.20
35.96
3.60
136.00
275.00
7.50
8.00
74.02
96.77
8.00
6.00
22.00
5.00
9.00
5.00
5.00
14.00
31.00
13.00
6.00
5.00
8.00
11.00
10.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
U-238




6.00
6.80
15.30
15.10
10.80
5.09
2.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.40
0.84
0.82
2.60
2.80
5.60
5.00
7.00
1.10
1.40
2.10
2.00
1.30
2.10
2.50
2.40
3.40
8.50
2.30
3.00
2.50
U-234




6.80
8.00
14.40
16.60
11.45
4.79
8.20
1.80
130
2.50
1.90
3.14
2.86
5.30
5.50
11.00
12.00
11.00
5.30
6.10
4.20
4.00
5.30
5.80
6.50
9.00
8.00
10.00
2.40
5.90
5.10
U-235




0.40
0.30
120
0.70
0.65
0.40
0.10
0.10

0.10
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.30
0.40
0.70
0.60
0.10
0.10
0.20
0.00
0.40
0.30
0.00
0.80
0.10
0.80
0.10
0.10
0.20
Total Ra



































Ra-226
10.80
12.90
11.85
1.05
1.40
0.70
4.20
1.20
1.88
1.58
160
1.40
0.50
0.50
0.80
0.96
0.51
0.70
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.80
0.60
0.40
3.00
3.50
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.20
0.20
0.00
0.10
0.20
Ra-228
31.00
2.00
16.50
14.50
2.00
0.10
1.90
1.50
1.38
0.88
6.20

0.50

2.20
2.97
2.93
1.30
1.00
2.00
0.60
1.90
0.90
0.90
7.30
6.70
0.50
0.70
0.10
0.20
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.00
Total U




72.60
14.00
26.60
30.10
20.83
8.82
3.50
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
1.26
1.25
4.90
5.60
9.80
9.80
11.90
3.50
3.50
4.20
4.20
3.50
4.20
4.20
5.60
5.60
15.40
4.20
4.90
4.90
Rn-222










3540.00
3680.00
2690.00
2910.00
3180.00
3200.00
415.51


















Th-230



































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM

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                                                                 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                                Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Groundwater Data (pCi/L) (continued)
Site Name
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
Phelps Dodge New Cornelia
PD-NC

Cyprus Sierrita Twin Buttes
Cyprus Sierrita Twin Buttes
Cyprus Sierrita Twin Buttes
Cyprus Sierrita Twin Buttes
Cyprus Sierrita Twin Buttes
Cyprus Sierrita Twin Buttes
Cyprus Sierrita Twin Buttes
Cyprus Sierrita Twin Buttes
CS-TB

Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Type
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
STotal = 36

GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
STotal = 8

GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
Monitoring Well-Sample ID
MW13-1
MW13-2
MW13-3
MW14-1
MW14-2
MW14-3
MW15-1
MW15-2
MW15-3
MW16-1
MW16-2
MW16-3
MW17-1
MW17-2
MW17-3
MW18-1
MW18-2
MW18-3
Average
STD
MW-15 7/10/97
MW-15 8/26/97
MW-16 7/11/97
MW-16 8/21/97
MW-17 7/31/97
MW-17 8/25/97
MW-18 7/24/97
MW-18 8/25/97
Average of Samples
STD
MW-17 6/26/97
MW-17 8/15/97
MW-18 6/19/97
MW-18 8/14/97
MW-19 7/31/97
Alpha
33.00
15.00
0.00
33.00
37.00
43.00
3.00
6.00
2.00
7.00
35.00
0.00
10.00
18.00
6.00
5.00
31.00
7.00
12.78
11.65
30.00
42.00
62.00
53.00
268.00
144.00
163.00
157.00
114.88
82.40
85.00
85.00
14.00
12.00
23.00
Beta
66.00
27.00
11.00
25.00
17.00
15.00
38.00
8.00
2.00
31.00
50.00
4.00
12.00
25.00
5.00
18.00
35.00
17.00
16.00
14.35
42.00
28.00
29.00
35.00
234.00
123.00
131.00
113.00
91.88
72.61
56.00
57.00
13.00
4.70
0.20
U-238
2.00
1.60
1.70
10.00
21.00
21.00
2.00
2.50
2.10
2.30
2.90
1.60
6.00
4.70
5.70
3.10
7.70
7.80
4.54
4.65















U-234
3.10
3.60
3.10
9.20
24.00
24.00
180
2.20
2.20
4.20
4.60
3.00
14.00
10.00
13.00
5.50
13.00
13.00
7.66
5.36















U-235
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.10
1.10
1.10
0.10
0.30
0.10
0.30
0.30
0.10
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.40
0.50
0.40
0.31
0.29















Total Ra



































Ra-226
1.20
0.60
0.60
3.10
0.20
0.40
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.80
1.80
1.20
0.30
0.70
0.30
0.40
2.50
0.50
0.76
0.91
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.30
0.00
0.30
4.60
0.00
0.66
1.60
9.30
130.00
0.90
0.00
0.10
Ra-228
2.30
1.80
1.00
6.80
4.60
0.30
0.20
0.80
0.00
1.80
1.00
2.90
0.70
6.00
0.10
0.60
0.00
0.70
1.56
2.08
1.20
0.00
0.50
1.70
1.30
0.10
0.00
0.80
0.70
0.65
15.00
19.00
0.00
0.90
0.60
Total U
3.50
3.50
3.50
15.40
37.10
38.60
4.20
4.20
4.20
4.20
5.60
3.50
9.10
8.40
9.10
6.30
12.60
11.20
8.17
8.06
0.27
0.30
0.56
0.65
3.64
3.43
1.51
3.30
1.71
1.50
0.82
0.07
0.13
0.12
0.14
Rn-222



































Th-230



































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
       Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                     87

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                                                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                               Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Groundwater Data (pCi/L) (continued)
Site Name
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
Cyprus Sierrita
CS Average

Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Type
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
STotal = 30

GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
Monitoring Well-Sample ID
MW-19 8/25/97
MW-21 7/16/97
MW-21 8/15/97
MW-22 6/24/97
MW-22 8/19/97
MW-23 7/02/97
MW-23 8/21/97
PZ-1 6/18/97
PZ-1 8/21/97
PZ-2 6/27/97
PZ-2 8/13/97
PZ-3 6/26/97
PZ-3 8/13/97
PZ-4 6/23/97
PZ-4 8/20/97
PZ-5 6/26/97
PZ-5 8/19/97
PZ-6 7/02/97
PZ-6 8/20/97
PZ-9 7/11/97
PZ-9 8/26/97
PZ-1 3 8/06/97
PZ-1 3 8/25/97
PZ-14 8/01/97
PZ-1 4 8/22/97
Average
STD
TM 2 6/20/96
TM 196/20/96
BF2 8/8/96
TM 2 8/8/96
TM 198/8/96
TM 168/8/96
TM 78/8/96
(D-24-24)05acc 8/8/96
Alpha
23.00
557.00
406.00
262.00
117.00
70.00
17.00
7.50
9.70
48.00
14.00
61.00
32.00
63.00
56.00
232.00
245.00
26.00
19.00
137.00
186.00
15.00
29.00
53.00
14.00
97.27
128.84








Beta
21.00
334.00
299.00
122.00
132.00
71.00
8.00
8.20
9.50
40.00
59.00
49.00
50.00
49.00
70.00
150.00
129.00
27.00
44.00
50.00
37.00
47.00
1.00
14.00
4.00
65.19
79.53








U-238



























13.00
3.90






U-234



























51.00
19.00






U-235



























2.00
0.30






Total Ra



































Ra-226
1.50
7.30
15.00
0.00
0.40
0.40
0.50
0.00
0.00
1.20
2.20
2.00
4.50
0.60
0.50
1.40
3.10
2.70
3.20
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.10
6.24
23.61








Ra-228
1.20
9.10
6.20
1.70
1.10
5.60
1.00
0.10
0.00
10.00
10.00
1.70
13.00
0.80
1.60
5.80
7.10
30.00
8.30
1.50
0.00
2.10
0.90
0.00
1.10
5.18
6.89








Total U
0.16
7.55
5.01
3.43
2.61
0.37
0.51
0.03
0.02
0.12
0.14
0.51
0.49
0.82
0.82
3.84
2.40
0.12
0.14
1.44
1.17
0.21
0.23
0.14
0.16
1.12
1.76
66.00
23.20
17.50
18.40
6.60
2.50
4.30
5.70
Rn-222



































Th-230



































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM

-------
                                                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                              Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Groundwater Data (pCi/L) (continued)
Site Name
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
Phelp Dodge Copper Queen
CQ Average

BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
Type
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
STotal = 25

GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
Monitoring Well-Sample ID
(D-2 4-24)1 7bbb 8/8/96
(D-23-24) 29bcb 8/8/96
BF 1 10/93
BF 1 11/93
BF2 10/93
BF2 11/93
TM 2 11/93
TM 19 11/93
TM-2A 11/93
19 A 11/93
GL 1 11/93
GL3 11/93
8S 7/91
8D 7/91
4S 7/91
4Dup 7/91
4D 7/91
Average
STD
W14B
W12
W11
W17
W15B
W19
NW24
NE26
APP-1A
APP-2
APP-3A
APP-3B
APP-4
APP-5A
APP-5B
Alpha


13.15
14.48
44.27
54.04
59.48
4.97
22.18
2.45
17.48
3.35
5.10
72.00
34.00
3.90
3.00
23.59
23.43
11.60
179.00
67.40
48.00
19.00
7.00
25.30
35.00
17.00
15.00
85.00
38.00
24.00
14.00
8.00
Beta












7.50
5.00
35.00
33.00
4.90
17.08
15.50
5.60
68.00
22.00
33.00
11.80
5.80
164.00
39.00
14.00
12.00
14.00
7.60
17.00
12.00
7.00
U-238


10.19
9.98
1.88
11.86
24.56
0.78
3.58
1.10
3.44
0.47
0.06
0.40
35.00
35.00
0.52
9.16
11.69















U-234


32.84
33.76
39.80
38.65
60.37
4.72
15.40
2.80
17.55
1.98
16.00
4.30
58.00
60.00
190
26.95
21.48















U-235


0.45
0.67
0.50
0.47
2.54
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07






0.63
0.85















Total Ra



















1.20
1.60
2.20
5.23
0.80
1.10
722.00
29.70
1.30
1.10
0.90
1.60
1.10
1.20
0.90
Ra-226


0.30
0.27
0.37
0.27
0.38
0.34
0.35
0.28
0.27
0.29
0.14
0.27
0.13
0.70
0.16
0.26
0.09
0.70
1.20
0.60
2.80
0.30
0.60
67.00
14.90
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.20
Ra-228


0.83
0.92
0.65
0.80
0.72
0.76
0.98
0.74
0.70
7.50





0.86
0.25
0.50
1.60
2.20
5.20
0.80
1.10
722.00
29.70
1.00
0.80
0.70
1.20
0.80
0.90
0.70
Total U
4.10
7.20
46.56
49.73
46.83
60.99
72.78
4.21
19.99
6.16
23.77
2.36





24.14
23.93
12.20
209.00
84.00
0.00
22.00
6.00
2.20
5.10
1.30
1.10
80.00
50.00
0.84
7.20
4.60
Rn-222


60.00

240.00







521.00
332.00
542.00
586.00
7330.00
515.86
405.41
530.00
150.00
300.00
2680.00
190.00
120.00
2000.00
3980.00
300.00
427.00
520.00
140.00
940.00
150.00
76.00
Th-230


































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                        89

-------
                                                              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                              Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Groundwater Data (pCi/L) (continued)
Site Name
BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
PV Average

Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
MP Average

AIIGW

Morenci > Fed & AZ Standards
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Type
GW
STotal = 16

GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
STotal =12

Total = 138


GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
Monitoring Well-Sample ID
APP-6
Average
STD
MW-2A 8/20/95
MW-6 8/1/95
MW-7 8/1/95
MW-8 8/2/95
MW-9 8/2/95
MW-1 08/2/95
MW-12 8/4/95
MW-14 8/1/95
MW-15 8/1/95
MW-16 8/1/95
MW-1 7 8/1 9/95
MW-1 8 8/1 9/95
Average
STD
PureAvg
PureSTD

Chase Creek -42 11/1/95
Chase Creek -43 11/1/95
Chase Creek -31 6/26/95
Gold Gulch -04 3/7/96
Morenci Pit -07 2/14/96
Morenci Pit -8 11/14/95
Rock Gulch -01 9/26/95
WestTailingDam-23 2/15/96
South West -44 2/21/96
South West -58 8/9/95
South West -50 7/31/95
South West -65 10/30/95
South West -66 10/30/95
South West -68 1/25/95
Alpha
10.40
37.73
43.70
0.00
220.00
140.00
50.00
1500.00
19.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
80.00
80.00
73.00
180.17
420.98
60.25
150.82

4.50
30.00
1.50
9.00
5.60
81.00
117.00
16.00
136.00
1.40
15.30
17.00
15.20
15.00
Beta
6.30
27.44
39.90
0.00
170.00
0.00
40.00
500.00
42.00
60.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
29.00
0.00
70.08
143.90
44.34
72.63

74.30
47.80
347.00
57.00
56.10
40.00
149.00
5.40
254.00
237.00
8.60
7.00
5.00
2.00
U-238

















5.91
7.57















U-234

















12.83
14.77















U-235

















0.38
0.47















Total Ra
0.90
10.80
30.49














10.80
30.49















Ra-226
0.20
5.27
15.30














2.96
13.40















Ra-228
0.70
10.62
30.56














4.07
12.72















Total U
25.00
31.91
54.62














11.97
24.93















Rn-222
2000.00
902.69
1151.75














1216.21
1308.91















Th-230


































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                        90

-------
                                                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                               Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Groundwater Data (pCi/L) (continued)
Site Name
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Type
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
Monitoring Well-Sample ID
DW-3 11/2/96 Upgradient
DW-3 12/1 6/96 "
DW-14 11/30/96 "
DW-01 11/22/96 "
DW-19 12/12/96 "
Gold Gulch -4 10/31/96
Gold Gulch -4 12/11/9
Lower Chase Creek-10 12/14/96
Chase Creek -42 1/2/96
Chase Creek -43 11/2/96
Chase Creek -43 11/30/96
Chase Creek -50 12/19/96
Morenci Pit -1 11/5/96
Morenci Pit -1 11/21/96
Morenci Pit -2 11/21/96
Morenci Pit -5 11/5/96
Morenci Pit -5 11/22/96
Morenci Pit -7 11/6/96
Metcalf Pit DC Sump -7 11/22/9
Metcalf Pit DC Sump -8 11/6/96
Metcalf Pit DC Sump -8 11/22/96
South West SX Plant -50 10/15/96
South West SX Plant -50 11/19/96
South West Stockpile -58 10/9/96
South West Stockpile -58 11/13/96
South West-61 10/10/96
South West-61 11/20/96
South West SX Plant -65 10/1/96
South West SX Plant -65 11/13/96
South West SX Plant -66 10/11/96
South West SX Plant -66 11/13/96
Rocky Gulch Dam -1 12/4/96
LSB-2 10/11/96 Lower silver Basin
South West -44 11/15/96
SW-48 10/16/96
Alpha
10.00
17.00
9.00
28.00
12.00
27.00
13.00
12.00
7.00
21.00
28.00
23.00
150.00
240.00
7.00
79.00
96.00
4.00
3.00
51.00
40.00
19.00
18.00
2.00
2.00
8.00
10.00
35.00
66.00
20.00
19.00
190.00
17.00
27.00
6.00
Beta
59.00
50.00
5.00
66.00
5.00
56.00
47.00
10.00
60.00
61.00
52.00
39.00
140.00
160.00
30.00
100.00
68.00
27.00
31.00
51.00
38.00
6.00
7.00
170.00
110.00
6.00
7.00
0.00
11.00
8.00
4.00
190.00
41.00
53.00
10.00
U-238
0.10
0.50
0.40
1.20
1.80
4.00
7.00
1.00
2.50
0.00
0.20
1.40
110.00
100.00
0.30
61.00
62.00
0.10
0.00
12.00
10.00
2.90
2.30
0.00
0.00
0.80
1.10
10.00
14.00
3.70
3.00
38.00
0.50
1.00
1.90
U-234
4.70
23.00
10.00
2.80
11.00
6.30
18.00
8.20
2.40
0.10
0.20
6.70
130.00
150.00
1.00
61.00
67.00
1.50
0.00
21.00
18.00
18.00
19.00
0.00
0.00
8.50
8.80
54.00
77.00
17.00
20.00
64.00
1.40
2.30
5.60
U-235
1.70
8.70
3.70
0.00
0.30
0.30
2.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.00
-0.10
0.10
1.10
0.50
0.10
0.10
0.40
1.60
1.00
0.60
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.50
2.20
2.40
0.20
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
Total Ra
2.60
2.90
14.20
11.60
0.00
9.70
8.30
0.50
4.90
34.00
19.30
3.80
42.00
37.60
6.60
2.00
1.40
7.80
6.70
18.00
16.30
1.50
0.20
1.60
0.30
2.50
1.60
0.30
0.50
0.30
0.50
117.70
2.30
4.40
1.20
Ra-226
0.90
1.30
13.00
4.90
0.00
2.60
3.70
0.00
1.00
13.00
0.30
17.00
28.00
28.00
3.20
0.70
0.60
1.60
1.50
8.50
8.50
0.00
0.20
0.80
0.20
1.80
1.00
0.00
0.20
0.20
0.30
7.70
0.80
0.70
0.10
Ra-228
1.70
1.60
1.20
6.70
0.00
7.10
4.60
0.50
3.90
21.00
19.00
14.00
14.00
9.60
3.40
1.30
0.80
6.20
5.20
9.50
7.80
1.50
-0.70
0.80
0.10
0.70
0.60
0.30
0.30
0.10
0.20
110.00
1.50
3.70
1.10
Total U
6.90
33.50
12.60
5.00
13.10
10.60
27.60
9.20
4.90
0.10
0.40
8.10
250.00
249.90
1.40
123.10
129.50
1.70
0.10
42.00
29.60
21.90
21.90
0.00
0.00
10.00
0.40
66.20
93.40
20.90
23.20
102.00
1.90
3.30
7.60
Rn-222



































Th-230



































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                        91

-------
                                                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                              Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Groundwater Data (pCi/L) (continued)
Site Name
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
PD MM Average

All GW + MM>

Morenci 
-------
                                                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                              Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Groundwater Data (pCi/L) (continued)
Site Name
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Type
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
Monitoring Well-Sample ID
LSB -02 1/23/95 Lower Silver Basin
LSB -03 8/1 7/95
LSB -05 1/29/95
MP-01 12/12 Morenci Pit
MP-02 11/9/95
MP -03 8/22/95
MP -05 2/20/95
MP-06 11/8/95
MP -09 2/7/95
RG -02 10/4/95 Rocky Gulch
RG -03 10/3/95
RG -05 10/31/95
SW -26A 7/26/95 South West
SW -27A 7/26/95
SW-28B 1/23/96
SW-30B 1/24/96
SW-33 7/13/95
SW -34 7/1 8/95
SW-35 1/9/96
SW-36 1/15/96
SW -37 7/27/95
SW -38 7/27/95
SW-39 1/10/96
SW -40 8/1 6/95
SW-41 7/13/95
SW-42 1/11/96
SW-43 1/11/96
SW -45 2/1 2/96
SW -46 7/20/95
SW -47 8/3/95
SW -48 2/1 4/96
SW -49 8/2/95
SW-52 7/12/95
SW -53 7/1 2/95
SW -54 2/1 4/95
Alpha
6.90
0.70
2.50
6.00
5.40
0.90
16.00
6.20
2.80
0.00
2.30
0.29
1.10
3.80
3.30
0.00
0.13
0.70
0.00
1.20
0.70
1.60
0.30
3.00
3.30
0.20
11.70
1.60
9.30
7.10
11.50
8.50
6.70
3.40
14.00
Beta
22.50
6.40
4.40
44.00
34.80
20.60
33.00
29.00
20.10
9.20
24.80
2.70
7.10
4.00
9.10
7.50
3.20
6.20
6.90
6.60
16.00
8.90
5.80
7.00
10.10
8.30
14.80
6.50
23.00
9.70
16.80
9.00
12.80
7.60
32.00
U-238



































U-234



































U-235



































Total Ra



































Ra-226



































Ra-228



































Total U



































Rn-222



































Th-230



































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                        93

-------
                                                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                              Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Groundwater Data (pCi/L) (continued)
Site Name
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Type
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
Monitoring Well-Sample ID
SW -55 8/1/95
SW -56 7/31/95
SW -57 8/8/95
SW -59 8/1 4/95
SW-60A 12/1 4/95
SW-61 8/15/95
SW-64 1/24/96
SW-67 11/29/95
DW-04 12/03/96 Upgradient
DW-04 12/12/96
DW-05 12/3/96
DW-05 12/12/96
DW-14 10/26/96
GG-2 12/6/96 Gold Gulch
GG-8 4/24/96
GG-8 10/18/96
GG-8 12/6/96
GG-9 12/6/96
GG-1 04/24/96
GG-10 10/18/96
GG-10 12/796
GG-1 3 12/12/96
GG-13 12/11/96
GG-1 4 12/7/96
GG-1 8 12/6/96
CC-4 4/24/96 Lower Chase Creek
CC-4 10/30/96
CC-4 10/17/96
CC-4 12/14/96
CC-5 10/19/96
CC-5 12/16/96
CC-7 9/18/96
CC-7 11/13/96
CC-8 9/1 8/96
CC-8 11/13/96
Alpha
1.20
1.50
0.30
0.40
3.70
10.50
9.10
2.50
4.00
5.00
4.00
4.00
9.00
2.00
1.60
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.30
6.00
9.00
2.00
0.00
14.00
6.00
1.60
10.00
11.00
7.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
5.00
1.00
4.00
Beta
4.00
4.30
7.10
3.90
3.10
3.80
9.00
7.30
8.00
9.00
7.00
7.00
5.00
6.00
2.70
7.00
9.00
8.00
5.40
14.00
17.00
3.00
3.00
17.00
23.00
3.90
4.00
25.00
18.00
10.00
8.00
8.00
12.00
33.00
16.00
U-238








1.00
1.00
0.40
0.50
180
0.00

0.00
0.30
0.10

1.50
180
0.30
0.20
1.70
1.70

0.80
0.40
0.50
0.90
0.40
0.80
0.70
0.20
0.10
U-234








1.40
3.30
2.00
3.00
6.50
0.00

0.80
1.20
0.40

2.70
3.30
1.10
1.00
4.90
2.60

6.00
2.20
2.50
3.60
3.10
1.90
1.20
2.10
1.50
U-235








0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.20
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total Ra








1.80
0.70
1.20
0.50
1.30
1.00
0.70
0.00
0.30
0.20

0.60
1.40
0.40
0.30
0.90
2.30
0.60
0.30
0.10
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.50
0.10
Ra-226








0.40
0.40
0.20
0.10
0.40
0.60
0.25
0.00
0.30
0.20

0.40
0.80
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.10
0.10
Ra-228








1.40
0.30
1.00
0.40
0.90
0.40
1.10
0.10
0.00
0.20

0.20
0.60
0.20
0.10
0.60
1.70
0.90
0.30
0.10
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.00
Total U








2.40
4.40
2.40
3.50
8.30
0.00

0.60
1.50
0.50

4.20
5.10
1.40
1.20
6.60
4.30

6.80
2.80
3.00
4.60
3.60
2.70
1.90
2.30
1.60
Rn-222



































Th-230



































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                        94

-------
                                                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                              Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Groundwater Data (pCi/L) (continued)
Site Name
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Type
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
Monitoring Well-Sample ID
CC-149/18/96
CC-14 11/13/96
CC-31 9/19/96
CC-31 11/13/96
CC-44 9/1 9/96
CC-44 11/15/96
CC-44 11/30/96
CC-45 10/22/96
CC-45 11/29/96
CC-46 10/22/96
CC-46 11/29/96
CC-51 10/19/96
CC-51 11/29/96
CC-42 11/29/96 Mining Area
DW-2 10/31/96
DW-2 11/30/96
MP-2 12/11/96
MP-9 11/04/96
MP-9 11/22/96
SW-451 0/1 2/96
SW-45 11/19/96
SW-47 10/15/96
SW-47 11/15/96
SW-55 10/7/96
SW-55 11/14/96
SW-56 11/11/96
SW-56 12/12/96
SW-59 10/10/96
SW-59 11/13.96
SW-60A 10/1 0/96
SW-60A 11/1 4/96
SW-67 10/12/96
SW-67 11/19/96
RG-2 12/4/96
RG-2 12/12/96
Alpha
1.00
3.00
3.00
6.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
0.00
3.00
7.00
4.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
7.00
4.00
8.00
3.00
1.00
4.00
3.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
1.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
8.00
7.00
1.00
2.00
Beta
7.00
11.00
16.00
15.00
10.00
6.00
8.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
11.00
8.00
10.00
46.00
13.00
22.00
23.00
15.00
28.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
100
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
6.00
3.00
2.00
8.00
10.00
11.00
11.00
U-238
0.40
0.40
0.80
0.70
0.20
0.10
0.30
0.60
0.50
0.50
0.60
0.30
1.10
1.30
1.40
1.10
0.30
0.20
0.70
0.40
0.50
0.40
0.50
0.20
0.10
0.30
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.30
1.10
0.80
0.20
0.20
U-234
1.30
1.60
1.30
0.80
0.40
0.30
0.60
2.00
1.70
2.00
2.00
1.30
3.30
2.90
1.30
0.20
1.10
0.30
1.10
1.70
2.20
1.70
1.20
0.50
1.30
1.30
1.10
0.80
1.00
4.40
3.80
3.70
3.60
0.40
0.80
U-235
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
Total Ra
0.00
0.50
0.70
0.00
0.50
0.20
0.20
0.60
0.30
0.10
0.50
0.20
0.50
3.60
1.20
0.40
3.80
4.50
3.60
0.30
0.00
0.60
0.10
0.80
0.20
0.50
0.10
0.70
0.10
1.50
0.70
0.20
0.10
0.90
0.50
Ra-226
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.10
1.20
0.60
0.20
1.60
2.70
2.30
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.70
0.30
0.10
0.10
0.20
0.10
Ra-228
0.00
0.50
0.60
0.00
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.60
0.10
0.10
0.40
0.30
0.40
2.40
0.80
0.20
2.20
1.80
1.30
0.20
0.00
0.50
0.10
7.00
0.10
0.50
0.20
0.70
0.00
0.80
0.40
0.10
0.00
0.70
0.40
Total U
1.70
2.10
2.10
1.50
0.60
0.40
1.00
2.70
2.20
2.60
2.70
1.60
4.50
4.20
2.70
1.20
1.40
0.50
1.80
2.10
2.70
2.20
1.70
0.70
1.40
1.60
1.30
1.00
1.00
4.80
4.10
4.80
4.50
0.60
1.00
Rn-222



































Th-230



































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                        95

-------
                                                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                              Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Groundwater Data (pCi/L) (continued)
Site Name
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Type
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
Monitoring Well-Sample ID
RG-3 12/4/96
RG-5 11/2/96
RG-5 12/5/96
LSB-2 11/13/96 Downgrdt of Tail. Dams
SW-26A 10/2/96
SW-26A 11/1 9/96
SW-30B 9/2/96
SW-30B 12/14/96
SW-33 10/7/96
SW-33 11/16/96
SW-34 10/7/96
SW-34 11/23/96
SW-35 10/3/96
SW-35 11/23/96
SW-36 10/2/96
SW-36 1126/96
SW-37 10/3/96
SW-37 11/19/96
SW-38 9/20/96
SW-38 11/21/96
SW-39 9/20/96
SW-39 11/21/96
SW-40 11/8/96
SW-40 11/20/96
SW-41 10/11/96
SW-41 11/16/96
SW-42 4/26/96
SW-42 11/16/96
SW-42 10/17/96
SW-43 10/14/96
SW-44 11/15/96
SW-46 10/15/96
SW-46 11/17/96
SW-52 10/8/96
SW-52 11/14/96
Alpha
2.00
1.00
1.00
9.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
4.00
0.00
1.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
7.00
1.00
3.00
2.00
1.60
3.00
0.00
3.00
5.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
Beta
13.00
3.00
2.00
22.00
9.00
10.00
12.00
13.00
3.00
3.00
6.00
6.00
10.00
7.00
7.00
8.00
10.00
45.00
8.00
28.00
10.00
10.00
23.00
24.00
9.00
9.00
3.40
10.00
8.00
10.00
13.00
7.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
U-238
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.40
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.40
0.10
0.40
0.40
0.10
0.30
0.20
0.40
0.00
0.40
0.20
0.60
0.50
0.30
0.20

0.30
0.20
0.20
0.40
0.10
0.20
0.20
0.10
U-234
0.80
0.00
0.40
1.50
0.90
1.30
0.70
0.90
0.20
0.20
0.80
0.90
1.10
0.90
0.80
0.30
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.60
0.90
1.50
2.70
1.80
1.30
1.00

1.30
0.80
1.50
1.80
0.90
1.20
1.10
0.90
U-235
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
Total Ra
1.00
0.10
0.30
0.80
2.60
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.60
0.00
1.10
0.20
0.60
0.50
0.60
0.20
1.20
0.20
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.10
1.30
0.20
0.10
1.30
1.60
1.30
0.10
0.80
0.10
Ra-226
0.30
0.10
0.00
0.20
2.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.00
0.10
0.10
0.70
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.10
Ra-228
0.70
0.00
0.30
0.50
0.30
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.67
0.00
1.10
0.20
0.60
0.40
0.60
0.10
1.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.10
0.10
1.20
0.20
0.00
1.20
0.90
1.40
0.00
0.60
0.00
Total U
1.20
0.00
0.40
2.20
1.20
1.70
1.00
1.30
0.30
0.30
1.00
1.40
1.20
1.40
1.20
0.40
1.30
1.20
1.40
0.70
1.30
1.70
3.30
2.30
1.60
1.20

1.70
1.00
1.70
2.20
1.00
1.40
1.30
1.10
Rn-222



































Th-230



































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                        96

-------
                                                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                              Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Groundwater Data (pCi/L) (continued)
Site Name
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
PD MM < Average

All MM only Average

All GW Average

Type
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
STotal=179

STotal =230

Total=368

Monitoring Well-Sample ID
SW-53 11/19/96
SW-54 10/10/96
SW-54 11/13/96
SW-57 10/11/96
SW-57 11/13/96
SW-64 10/9/96
SW-64 11/19/96
SW-68 10/8/96
SW-68 11/19/96
SW-70B 10/30/96
SW-70B 11/19/96
Average
STD
Average
STD
P.ure Average
PureSTD
Alpha
6.00
10.00
4.00
3.00
1.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
3.64
3.16
10.68
27.06
28.41
95.54
Beta
11.00
16.00
11.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
7.00
9.00
2.00
13.00
4.00
11.28
8.71
22.26
40.64
29.62
54.37
U-238
0.60
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.50
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.40
0.40
0.30
0.47
0.41
3.59
14.64
4.30
12.92
U-234
2.60
0.50
0.90
1.60
1.40
3.30
2.90
2.20
1.70
1.40
1.90
1.61
1.20
7.21
20.23
8.92
18.88
U-235
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.02
0.04
0.29
1.21
0.32
1.05
Total Ra
0.60
0.60
0.20
0.90
0.60
0.30
0.10
0.60
0.60
0.20
0.00
0.63
0.81
3.16
11.40
3.92
14.49
Ra-226
0.30
0.10
0.10
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.45
1.22
3.99
2.00
9.45
Ra-228
0.30
0.50
0.10
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.00
0.40
0.50
0.20
0.40
0.49
0.80
2.18
9.60
2.99
11.07
Total U
3.30
1.60
1.00
1.70
2.00
4.20
3.80
3.20
2.20
1.80
23.00
2.31
2.54
11.25
34.97
11.58
30.73
Rn-222















1216.21
1308.91
Th-230

















STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                        97

-------
All Soil - Sediments Data (pCi/g)
                                                               U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
                                                               Results of Radiochemical Analyses
Site Name
Cerbat Mt. American Legion
Cerbat Mt. American Legion
AL Average

Cerbat Mt. De la Fontaine
Cerbat Mt. De la Fontaine
Cerbat Mt. De la Fontaine
Cerbat Mt. De la Fontaine
CONFLUENCE AL/DF
DF Average

Cerbat MT Avg

Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
HS Average

Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
MM Average

All SS Average

Type
SS
SS
STotal = 2

SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
STotal = 5

Total = 7

SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
STotal = 13

SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
STotal = 5

Total = 25

Monitoring Well-Sample ID
S6
S7
Average
STD
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
Average
STD
PureAverage
STD
AANo. 1
AO.p. Bank
A Terrace
A Channel
A Upland
B Terrace
B Upland
BC 100 Upper Tails
D Lower Tails
E Middle Tails
F Middle Tails
G Middle Tails
H Middle Tails
Average
STD
PD M ine Leval 201 6-X 9/2/95
Lone Star Stockpile 9/23/95
GRA-SV-X Soil 2/1 5/96
GARFIELD Oxide-X Soil 2/15/96
GARFIELD DV-X Soil 2/15/96
Average
STD
Pure Average
STD
Alpha
62.30
15.10
38.70
33.38
44.30
95.80
8.20
73.00
171.00
78.46
61.23
67.10
55.33
57.40
9.60
20.10
21.10
19.40
60.10
35.90
17.30
20.90
26.70
16.00
261 .00
395.00
73.88
117.05
0.50
86.00
18.70
24.40
16.80
29.28
32.93
63.06
90.01
Beta
93.40
23.40
58.40
49.50
52.50
134.00
30.80
94.20
57.20
73.74
40.68
69.36
39.59
54.30
33.20
31.50
53.00
34.50
68.40
46.90
22.00
45.40
48.10
45.30
185.00
248.00
70.43
67.13
82.00
100.00
49.50
57.30
45.40
66.84
23.35
69.41
52.32
U-238
4.20
6.80
5.50
1.84
4.90
9.90
0.99
6.90
6.60
5.86
3.26
5.76
2.77
5.90
0.70
2.50
0.97
1.23
5.90
3.90
1.79
1.49
2.30
1.70
25.60
63.30
9.02
17.59







7.88
14.15
U-234
22.80
7.00
14.90
11.17
4.80
10.80
0.87
7.80
6.70
6.19
3.69
8.68
6.92
2.90
0.88
2.70
1.08
1.23
6.10
4.10
1.82
1.90
2.20
2.46
51.30
60.80
10.73
20.25







10.01
16.59
U-235





































Total Ra





































Ra-226
7.40
0.94
4.17
4.57
5.30
12.80
0.71
18.40
7.20
8.88
6.86
7.54
6.34
5.50
0.69
1.90
0.94
2.00
9.40
4.30
0.89
1.74
1.40
0.77
44.00
82.60
12.01
24.21







10.44
19.69
Ra-228





































Total U





































Rn-222





































Th-230





































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                         98

-------
                                                                U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                                Results of Radiochemical Analyses
Surface Water (pCi/L)
Site Name
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
MP Average

Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
MM Average

Cyprus Bagdad Copper Creek
Cyprus Bagdad Copper Creek
Cyprus Bagdad Copper Creek
Cyprus Bagdad Copper Creek
Cyprus Bagdad Copper Creek
Cyprus Bagdad Copper Creek
Cyprus Bagdad Copper Creek
CB-CC

Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
Type
SW
sw
SW
sw
sw
sw
sw
sw
sw
sw
sw
sw
sw
sw
STotal = 14

SW
sw
sw
STotal = 3

SW
sw
sw
sw
sw
sw
sw
STotal = 7

SW
sw
sw
sw
sw
Monitoring Well-Sample ID
Golden Egale Spring 8/04/95
Jamison Wash Adit 8/04/95
BismarkWash Adit 8/04/95
Keystone Wash Adit 8/03/95
Keystone Wash Adit 8/04/95
Keystone Wash Adit 8/04/95
Long Wash Adit 8/04/95
Long Wash 4/5/95
Jamison Wash 4/5/95
Jamison Wash 8/04/95
Mineral Park Wash 8/03/95
No Name Wash 8/04/95
Turquoise Wash 8/04/95
Turquoise Wash 8/05/95
Average
STD
Gold Gulch Spring 8/28/95
Central Chase Creek Wash
Producer Creek Seep
Average
STD
BC-2 Up gradient
BC-1 Down gradient
BC-0 Down gradient
S-4
S-3
S-2
S-1
Average
STD
SW-1 Spring
SW-2 Adit
SW-3 Spring
SW-4 Adit
SW-5 Spring
Alpha
16.00
68.00
11.00
20.00
43.00
0.00
36.00
62.00
47.00
37.00
140.00
150.00
37.00
27.00
49.57
44.52
36.00
1.70
160
13.10
19.83
19.00
84.00
20.00
18.00
2.00
27.00
10.00
25.71
26.91
23.50
13.70
57.10
1.10
3.30
Beta
18.00
35.00
20.00
10.00
22.00
6.00
26.00
0.00
0.00
24.00
0.00
90.00
43.00
0.00
21.00
24.17
17.00
5.70
8.80
10.50
5.84









6.70
3.10
59.80
6.60

U-238






























12.00
9.10
78.70
0.80
1.30
U-234






























33.90
16.20
21.90
1.10
2.10
U-235






























0.80
1.20
2.90

0.70
Total Ra



































Ra-226







0.80
0.50




0.40
0.57






0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.00
0.00
0.60
1.23
2.99
0.40
0.20
19.30
0.30
0.20
Ra-228







140
180




7.60
1.60






0.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.00
2.00
1.57
2.57
1.90
0.20
77.80
4.40
3.10
Total U







0.70
0.05




0.07
0.05















18.90
19.60
32.90
0.70
2.10
Rn-222







720.00
46.00




39.00
68.33




















Th-230



































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                         99

-------
Surface Water (pCi/L) (continued)
                                                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                               Results of Radiochemical Analyses
Site Name
Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
Cyprus Bagdad Lawler Peak
CB-LP

Three R
Three R
Three R
Three R
Three R
Three R
TR Average

Cerbat Mt American Legion
Cerbat Mt American Legion
Cerbat Mt American Legion
Cerbat Mt American Legion
Cerbat Mt American Legion
Cerbat Mt American Legion
Cerbat Mt American Legion
Cerbat Mt American Legion
Cerbat Mt American Legion
Cerbat Mt American Legion
AL Average

Cherbat Mt De la Fontaine
Cherbat Mt De la Fontaine
DF Average

Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
Hillside Boulder Creek
HS Average

All SW Average

Type
SW
SW
SW
SW
STotal = 9

SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
STotal = 6

SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
STotal = 10

SW
SW
STotal = 2

SW
SW
SW
STotal = 3

Total = 54

Monitoring Well-Sample ID
SW-6 Lake
SW-7 Lake
SW-8 Lake
SW-9 Lake
Average
STD
26/92
36/92
47/93
57/93
67/93
MT 7/93
Average
STD
2A
2B
3A
3B
4A
4B
5A
5B
6A
6B
Average
STD
1A
1B
Average
STD
2.1 Up gradient
5
6
Average
STD
Pure Average
STD
Alpha
3.00
1.50
0.60
2.80
11.84
18.61
139.00
35.00
53.70
131.60
0.00
5.61
60.82
60.97
53.30
54.80
55.90
67.40
154.00
297.00
158.00
159.00
66.80
68.30
113.45
78.95
55.70
43.60
49.65
8.56
6.90
1240.00
644.00
630.30
616.66
83.51
188.38
Beta
11.40
8.70
7.70
5.70
13.71
18.77
128.00
37.00
54.33
126.74
10.24
49.91
67.70
48.71





















27.14
33.99
U-238




8.38
7.54


30.98
23.02
22.60
0.12
19.18
13.28
23.50
25.30
22.30

112.00
115.00

73.70

30.00
57.40
42.28




11.60
678.00
383.00
357.53
333.93
83.84
168.21
U-234




15.04
13.84


52.73
34.10
32.74
0.79
29.79
21.62
26.60
27.10
23.80

110.00
117.00

77.10

33.60
59.31
41.32




3.80
577.00
330.00
303.60
287.51
80.02
141.80
U-235




1.25
1.19


1.36
142
0.98
0.04
0.95
0.64





















1.10
0.90
Total Ra





































Ra-226




4.08
8.51


0.67
10.38
0.00
0.10
3.68
5.07
1.10
0.80
20.30
16.70
16.80
12.80
0.50
0.60

0.50
7.79
8.62
3.40

3.40

0.10
71.80
18.50
30.13
37.24
6.43
13.76
Ra-228




5.48
7.06


1.70
0.00
55.45

19.05
31.53





















5.58
13.13
Total U
0.70
1.40
1.40
0.70
8.71
11.99





























6.55
10.95
Rn-222



































68.33
44.88
Th-230





































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                       100

-------
                                                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                               Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Process Solution Data (pCi/L)
Site Name
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
MM TSR Average

Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
Cyprus Mineral Park
MP Sumps Average

Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
MM Sumps Average
Type
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS/PW?
PS/PW?
STotal = 8

PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
STotal = 9

PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
STotal = 13
Monitoring Well-Sample ID
King Placer Diversion Reservoir
Dam BC5 8/8/95
Treat/Stor. Res. Dam 2B 8/21/95
Treat/Stor. Res. Dam 6 8/22/95
Treat/Stor. Res. Dam 7B 8/22/95
Treat/Stor. Res. Dam 4B 8/21/95
Treatment Storage Res. DAM 11
Treatment Storage Res. DAM5B
Average
STD
Bismark Sump 7/31/95
Central Sump 8/2/95
Gross Sump 1 8/2/95
Gross Sump 3 8/2/95
Hardy Sump 7/31/95
Ithaca Sump 1 7/31/95
Ithaca Sump 2 7/31/95
Ithaca Sump 3 7/31/95
Sump 27 8/4/95
Average
STD
4250 Sump 8/8/95
4500 Sump 8/9/95
HORSESHOE Sump8/9/95
Queen Hill Sump 8/17/95
Copper Mountain Sump 8/17/95
Stargo Sump 8/24/95
Morenci Pit Sump 8/21/ 95
23/25 Morenci Mine Sump 8/23/95
27Morenci Mine Sump 8/23/95
Medler Sump 8/1 7/85
Metcalf Sump 8/1 7/95
5X Sump 8/25/95
Pond-29 8/6/95
Average
Alpha
3450.00
1530.00
160.00
46.00
313.00
1210.00
130
5.00
839.41
1206.90
1200.00
730.00
780.00
1700.00
1100.00
260.00
410.00
820.00
28.00
780.89
512.60
3970.00
1030.00
3800.00
202.00
2080.00
1760.00
21.00
1590.00
720.00
1050.00
3060.00
1930.00
1060.00
1713.31
Beta
2390.00
840.00
140.00
10.00
169.00
610.00
4.90
3.00
520.86
816.59
600.00
590.00
480.00
880.00
370.00
190.00
290.00
430.00
56.00
431.78
244.99
1930.00
600.00
3060.00
162.00
1290.00
1040.00
76.00
1100.00
280.00
710.00
1630.00
930.00
1150.00
1073.69
U-238



































U-234



































U-235



































Total Ra



































Ra-226



































Ra-228



































Total U



































Rn-222



































Th-230



































STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                       101

-------
                                                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                               Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Process Solution Data (pCi/L) (continued)
Site Name

All PS Sumps = 22

PLS
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
MM PLS Average

Magma Florance ISL
Magma Florance ISL
ASARCO Santa Cruz ISL
Cyprus Sierrita Twin Butts
Cyprus Sierrita Twin Butts
All PLS Average

Raffinate
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
MM Raff Average

Cyprus Mineral Park
ASARCO Santa Cruz ISL
MM Average

All Raff Average

All PS

Type




PS
PS
PS
PS
STotal = 4

PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
STotal = 9


PS
PS
PS
PS
STotal = 4

PS
PS
Total = 27

STotal = 6

Total = 45

Monitoring Well-Sample ID
STD
Pure Average
STD

ModocSX PLS 8/1 6/95
Metcalf Cent. Fac. SX PLS 8/16/95
Central SX PLS 8/95
South West SX PLS Tank 4 8/9/95
Average
STD
ISL leach test Quartz Monznite
ISL Leach test Granodorite
ISL PLS
Oxide Tailing liquid
Oxide Tailing liquid
Average
STD

Modoc SX Raffinate 8/16/95
Metcalf Cent. Fac. SX Raff. 8/14/95
South West SX Raff. Tank 8/9/95
Central SX Raffinate 8/16/95
Average
STD
Raffinate Pond 8/2/95
ISL Raffinate
Pure Average
STD
Average
STD
Pure Average
STD
Alpha
1255.91
1331.86
1105.26

2990.00
3600.00
3700.00
1250.00
2885.00
1134.27
8649.00
897.00
4410.00


3642.29
2560.82

3550.00
3480.00
670.00
2060.00
2440.00
1365.16
1100.00
6800.00
1862.30
1366.37
2943.33
2230.52
1841.22
1850.38
Beta
810.17
811.09
708.72

1910.00
2140.00
2390.00
1110.00
1887.50
554.16
3683.00
672.00



1974.17
1070.23

2010.00
1810.00
660.00
910.00
1347.50
662.54
750.00

1150.26
848.87
1228.00
632.95
975.51
881.70
U-238










1611.00
248.00



929.50
963.79













929.50
963.79
U-234










1745.00
254.00



999.50
1054.30













999.50
1054.30
U-235










598.00
11.60



304.80
414.65













304.80
414.65
Total Ra
































Ra-226










33.60
19.50
99.00


50.70
42.42








193.00


193.00

86.28
79.13
Ra-228










2.00
2.00
8.30


4.10
3.64








19.00


19.00

7.83
8.02
Total U










4362.00
0.84
1823.00
1020.00
1300.00
1701.17
1628.72








2870.00


2870.00

1895.97
1532.93
Rn-222










810.00
243.00
3760.00


1604.33
1888.27








2410.00


2410.00

1805.75
1593.52
Th-230













1500.00
2500.00
2000.00
707.11













2000.00
707.11
STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                       102

-------
                                                               U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                                               Results of Radiochemical Analyses
All Process Waste Data (pCi/L)
Site Name
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
Phelp Dodge Morenci
MM Average

BMP Copper Inc Pinto Valley
Cyprus Mineral Park
Phelps Dodge Copper Queen
Magma San Manual
Magma San Manual
All Others

All PW Average

Type
PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
STotal = 16

PW
PW
PW
PW
PW
STotal = 5

Total = 21

Monitoring Well-Sample ID
Metcalf Cone. Thickener 1 8/8/95
Morinci Tail.Thickener 1 8/10/95
Metcalf Tail.Thickener 4 8/10/95
Morenci Concentrator Thickener 1
Morenci Concentrator Thickener 2
Morenci Concentrator Thickener 6
1 West Tailings Pond 8/24/95
3 West Tailings Pond 8/25/95
4 West Tailings Pond 8/24/95
Silver Basin I Tailings Pond 8/23/95
South West I Tailing Pond 8/23/95
West Tailings Dam-07 8/15/96
West Tailing Dam-23 2/15/96
Columbine Reservoir 8/8/95
West Tails Seep
INDRAINOUTL
Average
STD
Tailings
Tailings Pond -1 8/3/95
North Tailing Water-1
CuS04 Solution
Smelter Flue Dust
Average
STD
Pure Average
STD
Alpha
0.00
0.00
1.50
1.60
5.70
2.40
81.00
702.00
3.40
0.00
0.30
1.80
16.00
0.60
1.60
3.00
13.81
30.81
53.00
660.00
75.60
75.00
4100.00
992.72
1755.87
246.88
894.35
Beta
80.00
86.00
93.00
21.40
15.60
36.50
80.00
214.00
121.00
66.00
68.00
6.40
5.40
81.00
18.00
12.70
62.81
54.34
150.00
370.00

104.00
4400.00
1256.00
2099.21
301.45
968.45
U-238




















156.76


156.76

156.76

U-234




















131.53


131.53

131.53

U-235




















6.87


6.87

6.87

Total Ra


















2.20




2.20

2.20

Ra-226


















0.40

0.28
1.00
20.00
5.42

5.42
9.73
Ra-228


















2.20

0.70
2.00
7.10
3.00

3.00
2.81
Total U


















0.77

0.70


0.44

0.44
0.37
Rn-222


















10.00

57.00


33.50

33.50
33.23
Th-230



























STD = Standard Deviation
AVG = Average
        Maximum and minimum values are shown in italics
Bold text (STD and AVG) also appear in summary tables (1-5)
TENORM
                                       103

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