United States Solid Waste and EPA530-R-95-016
Environmental Protection Emergency Response PB95-209672
Agency (5305W) - November 1996
4>EPA National Capacity
Assessment Report:
Capacity Planning Pursuant to
CERCLA Section 104(c)(9)
Reproduced on Paper that Contains at least 20% Post Consumer Fiber
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary - .3
Introduction . , . 4
Background > 4
Overview of State Phase 1 Activities ' 5
Data Development , 6
Other Information in the Phase 1 Submittals t 8
The 1994 CAPs and the 1991 BRS National Report 8
Overview of EPA Phase 1 Activities •> 9
Methodology Issues - ' .9
Theoretical versus Practical Capacity 9
CAP Management Categories ' . 10
Effects of Regulatory Changes on Capacity , 10
Demand from Wastes Generated by Small Quantity Generators 11
Demand from Nonhazardous Wastes 11
' Demand from Mixed Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes - 11
Discussion of National Data Aggregated by EPA 12
National Assessment of Future Capacity 12
, . Conclusions . 13
References . 23
Appendix A: Demand Data Submitted by States 24
Appendix B: Commercial Capacity Data Submitted by States • ' ' - • 38
Appendix C: Adjustments to Commercial Capacity Data '52
Appendix D: List of Commercial Facilities . 56
Appendix E: CAP Management Categories , . 77
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Executive Summary
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Section 104(c)(9) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA) requires States to assure that adequate capacity exists to treat and dispose of hazardous
wastes generated in'the States for 20 years before EPA can provide any Superfund remedial action in the
State. Under a program the Agency has implemented to help States fulfill this statutory mandate. States
submitted Capacity Assurance Plans (CAPs) to the Agency as the basis of their assurance. The first CAPs'
were submitted to the Agency in 1989. Through these CAPs, each State had to demonstrate that it had
sufficient in-state capacity or agreements with other States to assure capacity for 20 years. Because of ,
concerns raised by the States.over the 1989 CAP process, the Agency worked closely with the States to
develop a CAP process focusing on national capacity. On May 1, 1994, the States submitted CAPs to the
Agency pursuant to the May 1993 Guidance for Capacity Assurance Planning, OSWER Directive 9010.02.
This Report describes the outcome of the CAP process pursuant to the Guidance.
Based on the information contained in the CAPs submitted May 1, 1994, along with other
information that was available to EPA, the Agency has determined as documented in this report that there
exists adequate national capacity in all CAP management categories through the year 2013. This Report
assesses the data used during this analysis and presents the resolutions to a number of methodological
issues raised in conducting this assessment.
The States' CAP submissions contained data demonstrating knowledge of their existing hazardous
waste management systems and projecting through 2013 the demand for commercial management and the
commercial management capacity for treating these hazardous wastes.' Data was presented for the years
1991, 1993, 1999, and 2013 in 14 different waste management categories and focused primarily on wastes
regulated under Subtitle C of RCRA.. The Agency reviewed the State-submitted data for consistency and
accuracy. EPA then calculated the total national maximum demand on commercial Subtitle C management
by aggregating the States' projected demand and commercial capacity for the year 2013.
While the Agency's analysis has shown that there is adequate national capacity, through 2013,
States, market areas and/or regional groupings of States should continue hazardous waste planning
activities. Further planning activities will add to States' knowledge of their hazardous waste management
systems, help them implement waste minimization programs, and encourage companies to replace
inefficient treatment technologies with safer and more innovative technologies. Moreover, the national '
hazardous waste management system is dynamic, as shown by the ongoing consolidation and restructuring
of the hazardous waste treatment industry. Thus, there is no guarantee that the current projected surpluses
of hazardous waste treatment and disposal capacity will continue to exist. Because of this, the Agency will
continue to periodically assess the national capacity situation against the "baseline" assessment presented in
.this report. Accordingly, although the Agency believes the information presented in this Report accurately
indicates the presence of significant future treatment and disposal capacity, the Agency will continue to
collect and evaluate additional data, if necessary, to ensure that the requirements of CERCLA 104(c)(9)
are satisfied. Specifically, EPA will continue to-evaluate the effects of final rulemakings on the Subtitle C
capacity situation using information in this report as a baseline analysis. EPA currently does not anticipate
a need for a large-scale data collection from the states, and will only request additional capacity
information from the States if the Agency's analyses find it necessary. Any additional data collection
effort will be performed only after close consultation with the States.
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The Agency provided a draft of this Report to the States and the public for comment on the data
and the procedures used to'conduct the baseline national assessment. Based on the comments received'on
the draft Report, the Agency has finalized its assessment. . .
Introduction '
Section 104{c)(9) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA), or Superrund law, requires States to assure that adequate capacity exists to treat and
dispose of hazardous wastes generated in states for 20 years before EPA can provide any Superfund
remedial action in the States. Under a program that EPA has implemented to help States fulfill this
statutory mandate, States submitted Capacity Assurance Plans (CAPs) as the basis of their assurance. EPA
then conducted an assessment of data from these plans to analyze the future availability of treatment and
disposal capacity nationally through 2013. The statute specifies that adequate capacity must be within a
State or outside a State in accordance with an interstate agreement or regional agreement or authority. In
evaluating capacity nationwide, the Agency assumes private agreements for the interstate treatment or
disposal of hazardous waste have been or will be executed if adequate capacity otherwise exists.
The Agency's baseline national assessment indicates that there exists adequate national capacity
through 2013. This assessment is based on the data submitted by the States in their CAPs as well as other
information that was available to EPA. In the case of States that did not submit a CAP, EPA used other
data submitted by these States. .
This Report describes: (1) the Agency's assessment that adequate national capacity exists, (2) the
Agency's methodology used to conduct this assessment, and (3) the data used to conduct this assessment.
The assessment was finalized with help from comments and new data that was used to supplement the
Agency's draft assessment.
CERCLA 104{c)(9) requires that before Superfund remedial action is provided, the State in which
the release occurs must first enter into a contract or cooperative agreement providing assurances of the
availability of adequate, hazardous waste treatment or disposal capacity. Because the hazardous waste
universe is dynamic, before contracts or cooperative agreements are signed with States, the Agency will
utilize the baseline national assessment detailed in this Report, together with additional more recent data on
generation and management trends, as appropriate, to ensure that the requirements of CERCLA 104(c)(9)
are satisfied. '
Background
The Agency's current policy and process for implementing the CERCLA 104(c)(9) capacity
assurance requirement is presented in the Guidance for Capacity Assurance Planning document dated May
1993, hereafter referred to as the Guidance. The Guidance describes a threerphased approach for States to
assure the future availability of hazardous waste treatment and disposal capacity. The three-phased
approach involves assessing capacity on a national level (Phase 1); addressing any projected shortfalls by
States that have a demand exceeding their supply of capacity in a shortfall management category through
waste minimization and continued development of both capacity that is permitted but not constructed and
capacity with draft permits (Phase 2); and revaluation of projected national capacity and addressing
remaining national shortfalls with further state planning and waste minimization activities (Phase 3). This.
Report describes only the Phase 1 activities conducted to evaluate national capacity availability. Based on
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this final assessment, the Agency has determined that States do not need to submit Phase 2 or Phase 3
CAPs. .
Overview of State Phase 1 Activities .
States prepared Phase 1 CAP submissions that were due to the'Agency on May 1, 1994. The
submissions consisted primarily of six data tables titled:
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Table 1. 1991 Hazardous Waste Generated and Managed On Site;
Table 2. 1991 Management of Hazardous Waste in Captive Systems;
Table 3. 1991 Management of Hazardous Waste in Commercial Systems;
Table 4. Maximum Operational In-state Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity;
Table 5. Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Management Capacity from Recurrent
Waste Expected to be Generated in State; and , • .
. Table 6. Expected Maximum in-state Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity.
States' Phase 1 CAP submissions, including these data tables, are available in EPA's RCRA
Docket (Docket number F-92-CAGA-FFFFF). The first four tables demonstrate States' knowledge of
their existing hazardous waste management systems; the last two tables show projected future demand for
commercial management and projected commercial management capacity quantities for hazardous waste,
respectively. The data provided by the States in the projection tables (i.e., Table 5 and Table 6), along
with additional information on non-hazardous and Small Quantity Generator waste generation, were used
by the Agency as the basis for its determination that adequate national capacity exists for the treatment and
disposal of hazardous waste pursuant to Section 104(c)(9) through the year 2013. The CAP submissions
focused primarily on wastes regulated under Subtitle C of RCRA. The Agency, when assessing capacity,
also accounted for the impact of Subtitle D wastes on Subtitle C management capacity. -
Some States chose to submit their CAP data collectively so as to be considered a single entity for
the purposes of the Phase 1 national assessment. The collective submittals demonstrated these States'
commitment to proactive dialogue for addressing regional waste management needs and provided an
opportunity for these States to not have to submit a Phase 2 CAP. This opportunity would occur if EPA's
national assessment identified projected national shortfalls, but the States submitting collectively had no
projected shortfalls themselves, as demonstrated by combining their data.
The Agency provided States wishing to submit Phase 1 collectively the option to have the Agency
present their individual data in aggregate form in this Report. The Agency received two collective
submittals: one from the Western Regional Agreement, which consists of all the States in EPA Regions 8,
9, and 10, as well as Kansas, Nebraska, and Guam, and the other from the Slates of EPA Region 6. Only
the States in the Western Regional Agreement asked that their data be presented in an aggregate form. In
this Report, data from participants in the Western Regional Agreement are presented as the "Western
States."
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Data Development
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Most States used the Biennial Reporting System (BRS) and the methodology in the Guidance to
develop their data. Biennial Reports are completed by hazardous waste generators and treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities every two years. The types of information requested in the Biennial Report on
hazardous waste include the quantity, nature, disposition, and the efforts taken to reduce 'the volume and
toxicity of hazardous waste: Some States used BRS-equivalent data sources to prepare their CAPs.
EPA provided States with instructions on how to use BRS data to produce CAP tables in the
Agency's Using Table Talk to Prepare CAP Tables Instructions Manual (This document is available for
review in the RCRA Docket). Following is a summary of the methodology used by most States to develop
their CAP data.
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BaseyearData ' - ...
The first step in developing data for the CAP submissions was to generate "baseyear" demand and
capacity data. The year 1991 is the "baseyear" for most States because it is the most recent year for which
States had a complete BRS database. States used the 1991 BRS data to estimate the demand for Subtitle C
management capacity for on-site, captive, 'and commercial systems and die available quantities of
commercial Subtitle C management capacity for the 14 CAP management categories. States that had 1992
data available chose to use that data instead, thereby avoiding some of the baseline data adjustments
described in the following paragraph.
Baseline Data . •
After obtaining baseyear data, States had to adjust their demand and capacity data to change it
from raw data direct from the BRS to data usable for making CAP projections. This adjusted set of data is
referred to as baseline data and was used as the starting point for projecting future hazardous waste
generation and management. Developing baseline demand data required adjusting the baseyear data, such
as allocating the responsibility for assuring the adequacy of landfill capacity for certain treatment residuals
(e.g., incinerator ash and stabilized residues) to those States where die waste was originally generated.
Baseline capacity data does not differ from baseyear capacity data. It includes the capacity from
operational units, including boilers and industrial furnaces (BIFs) burning hazardous waste, which came
under RCRA regulation during 1991 and are currently operating under interim status.
1993 Projection Data . '
After developing their baseline data, States developed data for the first projection year, 1993.
States made projections only for recurrent wastes; States were not responsible for projecting one-time
waste demand. Because of the substantial burden developing the one-time waste projections would have
placed on the States, the Agency agreed to develop these projections. The document One-time Waste
Estimates for Capacity Assurance Planning (available in the RCRA Docket) describes the methodologies
used and provides the projections that were developed. ••
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To move from baseline to the 1993 projection year, States adjusted both their baseline demand and
commercial capacity data. The 1993 data is the baseline data adjusted to account for:
*' The shift in the management of wastes from land disposal and land farming to alternate
management practices due to the Land Disposal Restrictions requirements that became
effective in 1992 and consequently ate not reflected in the 1991 baseyear data;
* . Shifts in management caused by the expiration of the F037 and F038 national capacity
variances; . '
• The ultimate management of in-state wastes initially shipped to transfer/storage facilities;
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4 , The closure of facilities and/or the declassification of hazardous wastes;
• The changes in capacity caused by commercial management facilities opening or closing
between 1991 (or 1992, for those States using 1992 data) and 1993; and
• The decreases in in-state landfill capacity to reflect the depletion of landfill capacity over
time.
1999 Projection Data . .
As requested in the Guidance, States also developed recurrent waste projections for 1999. The
Agency, in conjunction with a National Governors' Association workgroup, determined that 1999 is the
furthest year for which reasonably accurate projections from 1993 could be made. Generally, based on
Agency recommendations, States reported in their CAPs that demand and commercial capacity remained
constant between 1993 and 1999. Changes in demand and capacity between these years are due to plant
closures, the opening of new facilities, and shifts in the kind of management certain wastes receive. As
with the 1993 data, States accounted for the depletion of landfill capacity between 1993 and 1999 and the
impact of closures of treatment and/or disposal units. States also included as capacity in the 1999
projection year other commercial units that are permitted, constructed, and operating partially, as well as
capacity from unopened cells in permitted landfills.
20! 3 Projection Data
The States' 2013 projections were made consistent with the requirements of
CERCLA 104(c)(9) for a 20-year assurance, and were used by the Agency to conduct its national
assessment. As recommended for the 2013 projection year,1 States held their demand constant from the
1999 levels. States also held their maximum available commercial Subtitle C capacity constant from 1999,
again except for commercial landfill capacity, which was depleted over the projection period, or where it
was known that a commercial facility will close.
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Other Information in the Phase 1 CAP Submittals
Along with the data tables, most States also included in their Phase 1 submittals a narrative
idescription of their current and planned waste minimization programs, written descriptions of changes in
their State hazardous waste management systems since their last CAP submissions (in 1992), information
regarding collective State planning efforts, and a list of commercial facilities in their State. Some States
submitted a discussion of the public participation efforts they undertook to inform citizens about the State's
hazardous waste planning activities.
The 1994 CAPS and the 1991 BRS National Report
Although most States used the 1991 BRS data to prepare their 1994 CAPs, mere will be •
differences between the data in the 1991 BRS National Report and the data contained in this Report. The
1991 BRS National Report data and the CAP data are not directly comparable for the following reasons:
* The 1991 BRS National Report identifies quantities of RCRA waste generated based upon
the RCRA permit status of the unit managing a hazardous waste and therefore excludes
from any national analysis RCRA wastes reported as managed in systems exempt from
. RCRA permitting requirements. The CAP identifies the potential demand for RCRA
Subtitle C capacity and therefore, may include RCRA wastes that were shipped off-site to
be managed in systems exempt from RCRA permitting requirements.
• The BRS identifies quantities of hazardous waste waters generated, which includes direct
discharges to POTWs and direct discharges to surface waters under NPDES. These
quantities are excluded from the CAP demand estimates because they are managed in
RCRA-exempt units.
+ For their CAPs, States allocated "other" and' "unknown" categories of BRS data to the
appropriate management categories using their best judgement or. other data sources.
• Some States used information in their own State data systems (usually containing
. information derived from manifests), not BRS data, to prepare their CAPs.
• The 1991 BRS Report includes data that are excluded from the CAPs, such as mixed
radioactive and hazardous waste.
• CAP data contain the capacity from some RCRA-exempt commercial recyclers that the >
BRS data may not capture.
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Overview of EPA Phase 1 Activities
EPA's primary role in Phase 1 was to ensure consistency among State data so that a national
aggregation would be meaningful, and to identify problems with the Phase 1 submittals. EPA compiled the
.data submitted by the States, along with other available information, to assess the total national maximum
demand on commercial Subtitle C management by CAP Management Category for all projection years'by:
(1) Aggregating State projected demand for management of recurrent waste at
commercial management, systems;
(2) Reducing this sum by 10 percent1 in the year 2013 to recognize ongoing waste
minimization efforts; and :
, (3) Adding to this aggregation estimates of demand on commercial hazardous waste
management capacity from one-time waste generation.
Once the national aggregate demand was 'calculated, the Agency assessed the maximum
operational commercial capacity available nationwide by aggregating each State's Agency-adjusted
maximum capacity projected for all projection years by CAP Management Category. The Agency then
compared national demand to national supply to assess the availability of future management capacity for
hazardous wastes. . . . '
Methodology Issues .
Upon reviewing the data submitted by the States, the Agency identified some issues it needed to
address before it could complete the assessment of national capacity. The following discussion describes
the issues and their resolution. Most of the resolutions err on the side of overestimating demand and
underestimating capacity. All adjustments to State data are described in Appendix C.
Theoretical versus Practical Capacity
The Agency found that some capacity information reported from die BRS Process System forms
was not useful for CAP purposes because the reported capacity was actually the maximum theoretical
design capacity of the facility, not the practical operating capacity. To evaluate capacity for the facilities
where this happened, the Agency calculated a practical operating capacity reflecting real-time operational
limitations, which include such considerations as down-time, permit restrictions, and the optimization of
operation for profit.
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A confounding variable to the problem of excessive reported capacity, is the conversion of capacity
estimates into consistent units of measurement. Theoretical management system design capacity estimates
are often measured in units such as British Thermal Units (BTU) per hour for incinerators and cubic yards
1 This figure was obtained after consultation with the States as a conservative estimate of die effects of
existing waste minimization activities on the generation of recurrent wastes.
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for landfills. Since .tonnage was the measurement unit requested for all CAP information, many facility
capacities had to be converted to tons. This was done by making assumptions about operating conditions
and average waste characteristics. For example, when an incinerator designed on a BTU per hour basis is
converted to tons per year, assumptions about average waste heating value and density need to be made.
Often the assumptions developed assumed ideal, not real-time operation.
To resolve the issue of theoretical versus practical capacity, the Agency compared the State- •
reported capacities to other data spurces (e.g., the Hazardous Waste Treatment Council Industry Survey
and the El Digest — see References section). The Agency assigned practical capacity amounts to the
facilities whose capacities differed most substantially .from the data sources available to the Agency. These
facilities are noted in Appendix C. ,
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CAP Management Categories • •
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fThe CAP Management Categories "Incineration - Sludges/Solids" and "Energy Recovery -
Sludges/Solids" were developed assuming they would capture capacity only for nonpumpable wastes (i.e.,
wastes that could not be injection-fed into a combustion unit); however, some liquid injection incinerators
reported in the BRS capacity for these categories as well as for "Incineration - Liquids and Gases and
"Energy Recovery - Liquids". As the Agency discovered, this double-counting primarily occurred due to
the wide interpretations of the term "sludge." To address this issue, the Agency developed pumpable and
nonpumpable categories and included in these categories the appropriate system types.
The Agency also found that the BRS system codes for management by "Incineration" and "Energy
Recovery" were reported inconsistently by generators and combustion facilities when they described how
wastes were being managed. To address this issue for purposes of the capacity assessment, the Agency
combined the categories into the two combustion management categories -Combustion - pumpable and .
Combustion - nonpumpable.
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Effects of Regulatory Changes oh Capacity
The CAP methodology only incorporates EPA regulations finalized by 1992. In order to conduct
a broader capacity assessment, the Agency reviewed the major EPA regulatory developments since 1992
that may effect capacity. This review indicates that the proposed Hazardous Waste Identification
Rulemaking (HWIR) and the Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) rulemakings might have the most impact
on Subtitle C waste management.
• . HWIR .is an ongoing Agency effort which, if finalized, may modify the definition of hazardous
waste. HWIR may decrease the demand from one-time and recurrent wastes on commercial Subtitle C
capacity. HWIR probably will encompass two proposals. "HWIR-waste" could modify certain
regulations regulating "listed11 hazardous waste. Certain current regulations, including the "mixture" and
"derived-from" rules, apply to listed wastes regardless of the concentration and the mobility of toxicants in
the wastes, thereby regulating certain low risk waste - in particular, treatment residuals. The
modifications may establish exemption standards for these low risk wastes. Additionally, the exempted
wastes may no longer be subject to some of the hazardous waste management requirements. "HWIR-
media" may modify the regulations for media contaminated with hazardous wastes (analogous to one-time •
wastes). This modification may allow media contaminated with hazardous wastes mat have low
concentrations of hazardous constituents to be regulated under rules less stringent than Subtitle C.
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Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) regulations set treatment standards for the disposal of hazardous
wastes. EPA has developed six major LDR rulemakdngs to date. Most recently, the Agency's LDR Phase
II rule (59 FR 47982) set treatment standards for wastes that have been identified as characteristically
hazardous due to the presence of 25 organic constituents identified in the recent toxicity characteristic (TC)
rule, coke and coke by-product wastes, cholorotoluene wastes and soil contaminated with the above listed
wastes. Since the majority of these wastes contain organic constituents, the combustion technologies are
most likely to be affected by this new rulemaking (see discussion later in this Report for our assessment.)
Demand from Wastes Generated by Small Quantity Generators • •
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.States were not asked to account-for the demand from small quantity generators (SQGs) in their
CAPs because SQGs are not required by federal law to complete a Biennial Report form. Although most
States cannot gather SQG information from their State BRS data bases, EPA was able to obtain estimates
of the demand on commercial management from SQGs using the BRS National Oversight Database2. EPA
identified the generators of waste that was received by commercial hazardous waste management facilities
in 1991 by examining the commercial waste.management facilities' Biennial Report Waste Received (WR)
forms. The Agency deleted from this list the generators who reported on the Biennial Report Information
and Certification (1C) forms that they were large quantity generators or did not generate hazardous waste
in 1991. The Agency then used information from commercial facilities who reported receiving waste from
the remaining list of generators (i.e., the potential SQGs) to determine how SQG wastes were managed.
This analysis showed that SQG wastes comprise only about one percent of all hazardous wastes received
by commercial treatment facilities nationally.
Demand from Nonhazardous Wastes
s
.*
As with SQG wastes, many States were unable to obtain the demand from nonhazardous waste
from their State BRS databases. Nonhazardous wastes are wastes that are neither characterized as State
hazardous nor federally defined as RCRA hazardous. The overall management trend for nonhazardous
wastes is disposal in Subtitle D landfills.
While the demand for capacity from nonhazardous waste varies considerably by CAP
Management Category, the demand from nonhazardous wastes as it relates to assessment of future capacity
primarily affects the landfill CAP management category since landfill capacity depletes over time. EPA
was able to estimate landfill demand from nonhazardous waste through discussions with the treatment
industry and using estimates found in literature. The Agency's analysis of this demand appears in Table
VI under the column "Non-RCRA Industrial Wastes." >
Demand from Mixed Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes
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- As part of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act (LLRWPA) of 1980 and its 1985
amendments, individual states or groups of states that form compacts are responsible for disposing of all
the low-level radioactive mixed waste generated within their borders, except for waste produced by federal
facilities (which the federal government has taken responsibility for). This Act establishes a waste
2 The BRS National Oversight Database is maintained by EPA and contains BRS data from all states,
including those that do not use the Biennial Report Forms.
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management planning, treatment, and disposal framework independent of the CAP process that specifically
deals with the disposal of non-federal radioactive mixed waste. For federal radioactive, waste, the Federal
Facilities Compliance Act establishes a planning process to ensure that these wastes are properly managed.
In the Agency's judgment, treatment capacity for radioactive mixed wastes will be met through these
planning mechanisms.
Discussion of National Data Aggregated by EPA
The tables'which appear on pages 16 - 21 of the Report show EPA's aggregation of State-
submitted data. The Agency adjustments to the State-submitted capacity data appear in Appendix C.
Table I, tided "1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Hazardous Waste Generated and
Managed On Site," shows a national aggregation of 1991 baseyear demand data for waste managed onsite
from their CAP Table 1. .
Table II, tided " 1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Management of Hazardous Waste in
Captive Systems," presents the States' CAP Table 2 data aggregated nationally. This information was
obtained by summing the quantities reported by States as wastes generated and managed in-state at captive
facilities with tne quantities of waste that are exported to captive facilities in other States. Captive facilities
are facilities owned by the same company as the'generator, but are at a different physical location. Their
capacity can only be used by generators under the same ownership or by generators with whom* the facility
has an agreement to manage their waste. .
Table III, titled " 1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Management of Hazardous Waste in
Commercial 'Systems," shows data from the State-submitted CAP Tables 3 and 4. These data were used
as die starting point in developing projections. National demand figures for the baseyear were calculated
by adding exports to wastes generated and managed in-state from State-submitted CAP Table 3 and then
adding the maximum operational in-state commercial management from State-submitted CAP Table 4.
Table IV, tilled "National Baseline and Projected Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste
Management Capacity," .reports aggregated State demand for commercial capacity. This table shows the
sum of each State's baseline and projection year recurrent waste demand data. The data, which has been
adjusted by the Agency, is from CAP Table 5. Attached in Appendix A are the individual.State-submitted
tables showing this information. Also included in Table IV are the nationally aggregated one-time waste
estimates that were developed by the Agency. .
Table V, titled "National Baseline and Projected National Commercial Subtitle C Management
Capacity," shows capacity data for the baseline and projection years submitted by States in their CAP
Table 6, with Agency adjustments (which appear in Appendix C). Appendix B contains the individual
State-submitted tables showing this information. Appendix D lists the commercial management facilities
that make up this capacity.
National Assessment of Future Capacity - ,
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Table VI, tided "National Capacity Assessment of Projected Remaining Commercial Subtitle C
Capacity Not Utilized by Hazardous Wastes," shows in the first column maximum available commercial
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capacity from Table V minus the demand for 2013 from Table IV. The second, third, and fourth columns
estimate the impact of .the additional increases in demand that States were not asked to account for in their
CAP.submissions. The Land Disposal Restrictions Phase II rulemaking and demand from Small Quantity
Generators and Industrial Subtitle D wastes will place additional demand on capacity. The final column
shows the Agency's assessment of future capacity when considering the impacts of future Agency
regulatory activities and the impact of waste demand not included in the State CAPs.
Assessment of New Rulemakings on Projected National Capacity
Although the LDR Phase II rulemaking will probably increase the demand for all treatments, the •
solids combustion category will be most affected by this rulemaking. Table VI indicates that, based on.
information made available with the rulemaking, there will exist sufficient combustion capacity for
managing the hazardous wastes expected to be generated nationwide. In the next few years, the LDR
program plans to finalize Phase HI and Phase IV rulemakings. Both these rulemakings may increase the
need for treatment capacity; however, EPA anticipates that future increases in demand for treatment of
hazardous wastes due to the impact of the LDR program may be offset by the impact of HWIR.
Regardless of the impact of the LDR Phase II and HWIR rulemakings, EPA believes the States have
shown for the purpose of CERCLA 104 (c) (9) that there is adequate national capacity.
Assessment of EPA Demand Estimates on Projected National Capacity
An Agency analysis of the 1991 national BRS data showed that the demand from SQGs accounts
for only 1 percent of the total demand on commercial Subtitle C management across all CAP Management
Categories. The percentage contribution of SQGs °n demand varies by CAP Management Category but is
generally less than 4 percent of the total waste managed in each category.
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During the development of the CAP Guidance, several States raised concerns about the demand
being placed on commercial facilities by non-RCRA, non-state hazardous waste. The Agency found,
based on a trade journal study, that about 20 percent of the waste going to landfills is neither RCRA nor
State-hazardous. Again, however, this demand is more than covered by the available capacity, as can be
seen in Table VI. .
Conclusions •
Based on its analysis of the data in this report and from other sources, the Agency has determined
as documented in this report that adequate national capacity for the treatment and disposal of hazardous
waste exists through the year 2013. Although EPA believes there is national capacity, States and regional
groupings of States should continue hazardous waste management planning activities to assist EPA in
ensuring that adequate capacity exists in the future. Further hazardous waste planning efforts may be
important to a State and regional groupings of States for a number of reasons, including furthering and
updating knowledge of hazardous waste management systems, helping to implement waste minimization .
programs, and encouraging companies to replace inefficient treatment technologies with safer and more .
innovative technologies. . ' .
While each State has demonstrated that there is adequate hazardous waste treatment and disposal
capacity, there is the potential for unforeseen circumstances (e.g., new. federal regulations, taxes on
management, statutory limitations on landfills, and changing market conditions) that could affect the future
availability of management capacity. Nationally, the industry is consolidating and restructuring. The
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hazardous waste market's dynamism makes it difficult to guarantee that the current surpluses of hazardous
waste management capacity will continue to exist. These factors should also prompt States to monitor the
hazardous waste universe and continue their planning activities.
EPA recognizes that many States included as available capacity for 2013 facilities that were not in
full-scale commercial operation or were operating under interim status in 1993. The inclusion of such
facilities in CAPs is not evidence of a commitment on the part of the Agency or the States to bring these
facilities on-line or to grant diem part B permits. Capacity planning is intended to project into the future
based on historical data'and current knowledge. Including management facilities not yet fully operational
or operating under interim status does not imply a State certification or intention mat these facilities will
receive their permits or become fully operational but rather is an attempt to evaluate future capacity based
on the information representing waste management today. States and the Agency will continue to analyze
capacity information, removing facilities that have dropped from the permitting process. Accordingly,
although the Agency believes the information presented in this Report demonstrates the presence of
significant treatment and disposal capacity, the Agency will continue to periodically collect and evaluate
data to ensure that the requirements of CERCLA 104(c)(9) are satisfied.
14
-------
-------
NATIONAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENT, TABLES
-------
Table I:
1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Hazardous Waste Generated and Managed On Site
• fcjdll^^^^g^y^l^MW '*•"'"• ' - '•' • '' ' ' " ' - '•
»**.J^^^^^^«MB^|!?,I. r..-. :,,,::,•,',.• — ...-.: '.' ...:. ...> :
^W*™™ ii"M
•fcovav
Matab lUcoywy " •
horgwici IUc«vtnr
Qrgwics Rwovwy
TiEATnan
SubinlJmJCheinicd Bulion
Conhiftmi • frmpiMi
C«mbuftiM • Nonywpp4li
FiulBMdMg
Hinnteui Nisttwatir* tnl Skidgu TrMtnwnt
DISPOSAL
Ludfi .
OMpwilAlndtrBround hjiction
Land TrutmantiFannng
TiAMSFfWSTNAGE
TrMtfir/Storaga .
'''""• Wajtt Humd Pa ffha
. | >.,••• N -
4" •.••••"•/.».••"•..• .*'•.•
690,000
230,000
4,500,000
. . '.•''•' !-"-J:',. .:-'.'.-; '. .- • • : . :'• • '
170,000
1,800,000
240,000
270.000
. 360.000,000
iM-Sv-"^-:-^' ."••'' .''•'••
1,400,000
24.000,000
100,000
>;l"-:' :' :':';' .>:"--.' :'.''::.'..- •' ''
'<*: '.,••!"'•'' <" *' .."'"" .'''.!•
-------
Table II:
1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Management of Hazardous Waste in Captive Systems
:||^|||::||;::: ::;;;0 : iiiltiij;
RECOVEIY
Metals Recovery
Inorganics Rtcoveiy
Organics Recowry '. ' • •
TREATMENT
Stabiiatioa/Chainical FiiatiM
^•*^i* *
Combustion • PunpaUa
Cfttntmition • Nonpumpabls
FuolBlanding
Hazardous Wastawaters and Sludges Treatment
DISPOSAL
Landfl
OaepwalAJndeiground Injection
Land TreatnwntJFatming "
TRANSFEBJ8TOBAGE
TransferlStorage
^«^W.plhCw^.
.•'...•:.".•• . • ' ' • '•'•'.••.
7.600
39,000
41.000
•• !";-':•'. : : .'-.• --^ *--:' :'":.'-.. !. ' • : : '':: ^;; " .. -'':. .-' •''..* .' ' '• .' .' '• •
2.400
160.000
230.000
14.000
19.000.000
t
110.000
94.000
85.000
• ' '• : '
'* ' *
-------
Table III:
1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Management of Hazardous Waste in Commercial Systems
.•''^••"•^•:--::?-^Sy^^::::hik ;....
' • ' • '**'" -^^'xl'' ;*'''rX''4* • v""' ,•••••• • • " X
CAP Jtm««^i««t *Vtt^**'?: ''--$>•''*'"''''••'•'• ' r'-"-: ' ' : %% - '
^*" *^W^Wf"^W^^T ^"'^IP'Tlf ; & .'. ' •''•"iwvf* .• VS?*;, *' ' */ : !••*'*%***. ' -. * ' ' •
• . •••••• •.^^•i^i:im^^^^^^ }'^:?-" -, -
RECOVEBY
Uetab Rwoviry
InarganJci Aac«vwy . :
Organic* Rtcovaiy
TIEATHEIIT
Stabikzalion/Chamical Fiiation
Combustion • Pumpabla
Combuition - MonpuinpaUa
Fual BkHfag
Hazardous Wastawatars and Studgas Treatment
DlfiPABAI ' '
INBrlHMU
Landfitt
DaapwalllUnderground InjactiM
Land TraatmaaUFarming
TRAHSFttffTORACE
Transfar/Storaga
• • -.;;. -'.•;..-.• •;
' • • ',':"• -:.:'-: • :.' ««WNH|
• • • •ft^^J^MM'^^fr
• •;- ippflTHll .;..-' ; •
/ ~^\\>y:'.'-\-s':: :'::>•••'•.'. /' '"•'..
790,000
100.000
, 810,000
480.000
1.200,000
260.000
760,000
2,800,000
, -. : ,-.'. -. :V::;^';. .••:• : •••••
1.300,000
860,000
8.500
2.000,000 •
': ''-.-:•
•:'.-,:-1***-.-..
•••••• •:••:'.:•. •'.•'••
2,300
8.400
12.000
.... . .» .
*.*.** ' * <
80,000
23,000
27.000
28,000
74.000
1.000.000
12.000
400 ^
3.100
Ma*imtm Oparatlioaal .
CMWMVBHri StttlUtU C
MaiufNMfft CafMity
AvaiiAbk End of 1181
2.000.000
450.000
2.400.000
5.100.000
3,800.000
1,100,000
4.200.000
38,000,000
43,000.000
3,300.000
.0
•.'•'' : - " ' •'- V!'. •:';•;•- ;>':.;: '••••••".
-------
Table IV:
National Baseline and Projected Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Management Capacity
RECOVERY
Metals Recovery
Inorganics Recovery
Organics Recovery
TREATMENT
StabizatiotjChaiNcal
Fixation
Combustion- Pumpable
Combustion - Noapunpabte
Fuel RleadiM
Hazardous Wasteweters and
Sludges Treatment
DISPOSAL
Landfl
Oaepwel/Undarground
Injection
Land TreetmantlFarming
TRANSFER/STORAGE
TransferlStorege
:-• ' ; •
; laaafiw ,
•(W® a..:;- •
.•;;:> .'.';.:;<:. 7^;:\';
800,000
100,000
610.000
v-i^l^r:^:-.-;.
500,000
1.200.000
250,000
740,000
2800000
• '•*'•• x»:^\*;J »
1,600,000
830,000
7.400
50,000
; Paamrf far Cwmaraial fffctlU* C Maoagan>aat Caaatrty
>NrrMt
• ~i <". f ' * *•
820,000
96,000
610.000
• • '*•,'•
610^)00
1,200,000
270,000
830,000
3,200,000
1,600X100
700.000
•feHiM.
' .
''•-:'-. *'i
•; ': '';.-.!:: :
370,000
l'-;^ '.\ ':'•".
210.000
-.'.; -% :. .::
-.-. • •:'
240,000
'•/S
nil
HMWTMrt
800.000
86,000
610,000
Owtima
2813
Ra«vrr**t
' • •..•'.'• .''''' '. ' .
610,000
UOO.OOO
270,000
830.000
3,200,000
* ^''V:''' ;.'-•..• '-'-C
1,600,000
700,000
820.000
350,000
800,000
96,000
610,000
Qn*tima
610,000
1,200.000
270,000
830.000
3,200,000
280,000
1.600.000
700,000
790,000
300,000
230,000
• •:'-•' •:''•'•- ' • " • ,
- •,• . •..-'- • ••• .
-------
Table V:
National Baseline and Projected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity
:• ••"' :•:•:'•: ;> Xv^^VX^'
CAP VojMfeotstt C*oiflli^ii$^
RECOVERY T
Metals Recovery
Inorganics Recovery
Organics Recovery
TREATMENT
StaMizatienlCheniical Fiiation
Combustion • PwnoabU
Combustion • Nonpumpolik
Fuel Mtndiifl
Hazardous Wtstewoters and. Sludges
Treetmeht
DISPOSAL
Landfill
Deepwel/Undarground Injection
Land Treatment/Farming
TRANSFEWSTOUtf
TrensferjStorage
..•: •. '•'/';••.• • ' . ...: • • :." . .-.
ieMfiw (iil1l ::'':-
• .. • . "v-XTTsT^^ *T"W'^ •
^^tteWP^:::-;.
2,000,000
440JXN)
2,600,000
6,100.000
2,900,000
IJOOXKK}
420DJOOQ
.mm*
46.000,000
3,300^)00.
0
'.'?'*'* ..'.5 ! ;^;r'''x "* * . ; =; '/•' ''.•'•
,. . ; \ .. \ .' ^ ...... .^ ^ _
W«j««i|«t«*t
•:;rr|:i$iii:.H^-.-:'i
'.V:l^;!-;i:>^::V..:--:
1^00,000
370,000
2,500,000
:^||c£J:^;^:^;:^
B^OOXJOO
2,800^00
iiioo,ooo
-^l^nnrj
38.000X100
&lif£j;i-fe^^
40,000,000
3,300,000
."••'• l^-:-.l-'^"i1'-:!- '<: \: '•'"•
;'!..-.\\: :!.:;•. •'.'**.':•.•'. -\!'.
•l!5'|:::':
-------
ladle VI:
National Capacity Assessment of Projected Remaining Commercial Subtitle C Capacity Not Utilized by Hazardous Wastes
and Additional Demand Estimates Not Incorporated Into State-Submitted Data
• • . ;• • • • ' ; C?C^vA*-:^:.>v^- '• • • .•
'••••' *¥?£'•*> *™^-v»*vc • '\. ' ' i
: .'.; ...":; .-.S;i^^pte-''- :•
.'"•••': ' : •'••>••• '•' :l^SlS|S9;r:-.::
. .. • • ^ •• ••:--• . • •, :-.••••:•;<• :•«•«»•* >v •••<;:> '.,.;
; .• • • . .:s----.: : •' "•, :.:--::'-':':-::5^:--^'"::-;;:h
• . '-:.--\^f::.'^^v|f •i;?^1;:e*^^?%^
•: ••' ..::-: ::' ••';-:: ::;: :«':>/?/• vH^>ii££^?M
• •: •:• • •-. -• :-. •:--:>-;;r:-v~ ;;:,:••: ^x^w&t.
.:..••••- ;••?...••.•.• y:^:\:.::;.^J;:::^:^£»:^^p!&
•ECOVERV
Metals Recovery
Inorganics Racovary
Organics Recovery
TREATMENT
Stabilization/Chemical Fiiation
Combustion • Pumpable .
Combustion • Nonpumpable
Fud Standing
Hazardous Wastawatars and Sludges Treatment
DISPOSAL
Landfil
OeepwflH/Underground Injection
X **«*
H|^^^^^t__^^^
vMPIilpHPllPPs
.-.- gfJMMflilt
; • • •: WppiP w
:^'£aMMftv'tet
\\<^i^a^^y^^* ^WT
•;VHtlE^ w- •
— <• ^^^^^ *»,
tvMoit^aM '
r::;":;|PPffW^f ; '
:.-'"'-'~* -MMI* '•• :
'•?-''-;H^W^''' •
si'i?^!^"'/^ v?;
o.j$^^':-«-v* ;;;;
1.100^)00
280,000
1,800,000
' •' ' 'jf. ' f. ''?.'.'
B.mjDQQ
1,800,000
770,000
3.500,000
37,000,000
• » t A
26,000,000
2.600,000
fetipttt* A*lrtia«l OMHUM far S«htitte C CMMMKial C«awity
j ' . ' ' •;.•.• ***'.* .'*'.*.
*•* '*.'..'•>• .<:..* '.'.'/•
V- i
.. WWw
' • " . •
He-5;'
tdStsMnf
^v ^t^^^w^^*'
^W^wv ^*Rr**T? w
.'flWFPr ':' ; '.-. .
..J. "•:«*:<; ; . ; . : ..\- ** j\-
NoEitbnata
No Estimate
No Estimate
*.;lFi:%--::-
No Estimate
11.000
400,000
No Estimate
No Estimate
No Estimate
No Estimate
Smritomtttf
^P^^RWj'fjr'j^ V
r;-:;"-:^- '•'•:-.".:v
Neg&gible
2.000 (2%)
6,000 (1%)
: . ''. * s '•**••*•*
8.100 |1%»
12,000 (1%)
24,000(4%)
8,400 (1%)
32,000 11 %> -N
18.000 (1%) annually.
36,000 20-year total
Negligible
JtoMC&f /Wwfrw^
S^fWPVVNS
X
42,000(5%)
No Estimate
480,000 (35%)
19,000 (3%)
79,000(6%!
36.000 (6%|
No Estimate
2,000,000 |39%>
460,000 (20%) annually,
9,200,000 20year total
250,000 (26%)
ASMUBMIlt »l
tht C»itwuW
AtaUabUity *f
Praieotwl
SuhtHI* C
Conmania)!
CafmHy
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
N
-------
Rifer«ncn
Guidance for Capacity Assurance Planning, U.S. EPA, Office of. Solid Waste and Emergency Response, OSWER
Directive 9010.02, May 1993 , . .
. • • • • ' i
One-Time Waste Estimates for Capacity Assurance Planning, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, OSWER Directive 530-R-94-002, August 1994
Using Table Talk to Prepare CAP Tables, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,.OSWER,
October 1992 .
Background Document for Capacity Analysis for Land Disposal Restrictions Phase II - Universal Treatment
Standards, arid Treatment Standards for Organic Toxicity Characteristic Wastes and Other Newly Listed Wastes,
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, August 1994 >
Hazardous Waste Treatment Council 1993 Survey of Commercial Hazardous Waste Incineration Capacity, m Phase II
Background Document cited above .
El Digest, April 1993 "
-------
Appendix A
-------
Demand Data Submitted by States
The following tables show for each state the recurrent demand on commercial Subtitle C capacity for each
CAP Management Category and each projection year. The data in these tables are directly from Table 5 in the
states' CAPs. '
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Metals Recovery
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Winou
I'K'iini
iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
M Muurhupottfi
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
12,110
17,995
4,101
4,952
1
15,672
8,591
31,097
41,915
1,716
10,828
13,260
542
3,366
3,467
19,469
17,142
511
13,923
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
12,869
17,995
4,133
5,061
2
15,683
9,360
46,709
41,916
1,716
10,828
13,578
542
3,435
3,467
19,694
17,234
511
13,945
1999
12,869
17,995
4,133
5,061
2
15,683
9,360
46,709
41,916
1,716
10,828
13,578
542
3,435
3,467
19,694
17,234
511
13,945
2013
12,869
17,995
4,133,
5,06li
2 •
15,683,
9,360^
[ 46,709
41,916
1.716J
10.828;
13,57»
542;
3,435;
3,467:
19,694
17,23^
51 1[
13,945
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
Baseline
2,702
29,237
48
18,310
3,984
50,441
44,824
111,334
47,110
2,329
12,891
37,620
74,800
25,184
8,996
1,398
1,945
102,077
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
2,758
35,561
50
18,560
4,084
50,912
44,824
1 1 1 ,338
47,118
2,425
12,892
37,642
75,800
25,280
8,996
1,475
1,972
102,996
1999
2,630
35,561
50
18,560
. 4,084
50,912
44,824
111,338
47.H8
2,425
12,892
37,642
75,800
244 '
8,996
1,475
1,972
102,996
2013
2,630
35,561
50
18,560
4,084
50,912
44,824
111,338
47,118
2,425
12,892
1 37,642
75,800
244
8,996
1.475
1,972
102,996
* Western Slates: AK, AZ, CA; CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA and WY.
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Inorganics Recovery
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota • •
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
,644
333
4,901
3
5
SOS
799
14,702
19,071
10
62
32
27
459
724
13,583
222
3
301
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993 ,
*27
334
4,901
3
37
Sll
814
9,645
19,071
10
62
32
27.
609
724
13,583
222
3
313
1999
827
334
4,901
3
o 37
511
814
9,645
19,071
- 10
62
32
27
609
724
13,583
222
3
313
2013
827
334
4,901
3
37
511
814-
9,645
19,071
10
62
32
27
609
724
13,583
222
3
313
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
^vK:-.;.'«r/.-:C; ..;-;::.'•';
Baseline
s
346
1,422
34
460
52
11,786
457
338
117
2
118
0
1,650
0
140
337
153
27,124
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
347
1,422
34
460
52
11,786
457
338
117
2
118
0
1,650
0
140
337
153
27,131
1999
347
1,422
34
460
52
11,786
457
338
117
2
118
0
1,650
0
140
337
153
27,131
2013
347
1,422
34
460
52
11,786
457
338
117
2
^18
0
1,650
0
140
. 337
153
27,131
* Western States: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
do
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Organics Recovery
. ' Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama N
Arkansas
Connecticut '.
Delaware
District of Columbia.
Rotida
Georgia
Ulinou
liufaana
Iowa
Kentucky
L«*Maiam
Maine
Maryland
MawacauaefU
Michigan
MinneaoU
Miaaiiaippi
MiMOuri
Baseline
5,725
1,804
2,805
4,260
8
23,117
6,624
36,138
18.667
2,304
7,968
17,095
M.1I5
3,089
28,560
58.954
6,245
2,872
8,848
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
5,725
1,804
3,140
4,260
8
23,157
6,650
32,247
18,667
2,375
7.968
17,207
1,115
3,405
28,560
58.954
6,245
2,872
8,878
1999
5,725
1,804
3,140
4,260
8
23,157
6,650
32,247
18.667
2,375
. 7,968
17,207
1,115
3,405
28,560
58,954
6,245
. 2,872
8,878
2013
5,725
1,804
3,140.
. 4,260
8
23,157
6,650
32,247
18,667
2,375
7,968
17,207
1,115
,3,405
28,560
58,954
6,245
2,872
8,878
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma .
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
Sou* Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
. -t...-. -- ..
Baseline
448
56,975
169
12,750
5.726
39,590
7,081
18,573
--6,338
235
10,483
3,381
50,300
1,264
3.472
3.031
12,509
142,182
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
. C Management Capacity
1993
634
56,975
211
12,720
5.726
39,729
7,081
18,573
6,338
23$
10,483
3,435
50,500
1,413
3,472
3,031
12,509
143,579
1999
632
56,975
7.11 .
. 12,720
5,726
39,729
7,081
18,573
6,338
236
10,483
3,435
50,500
1,413
3,472
3,031
12,509
143,579
2013
632
56.975
211
12,720
5,726
39,729
7,081
18,573
6,338
236
10,483
3,435
50,500
1,413
3,472
3,031
12,509
143,579
* Western Slate*: AK. AZ, CA, CO, GU; HI. ID, KS, MT, NE. NV, ND, OR, SD, UT. WA, WY
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Energy Recovery - Liquids
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
low*
Kentucky .
Louisiana
Maine . •
Maiyland
Massachusetts
Michigan . .
Minneiota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
56,918
19,193
12,258
176
" 0
11,790
- 6,378
68,183
44,516
378
61,959
32,504
359
877
1,815
56,651
1,007
1,599
135,806
Demand for Commercial Sabtkk
C Management Capacity
1993
56,918
19,194
13,202
. 176
0
11,963
6,392
37,734
-• 44,516
378
61,959
32,504
359
879
1,815
56,651
1,007
1,607
135,832
, 1999
56,918
19,194
13,202
176
0
11,963
6,392
37,734
44,516
378
61,959
32,504
359
879
1,815
56,651
1,007
1,607
135,832
2013
56,918
19,194
13,202
176
0
11,963
6,392
37,734
44,516
- 378
61,959
32,504
359
879
1,815
56,651
1,007
1,607
135.832
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
^uerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western Slates
Jf: ::-..-Y...'.- •:,';"•. V V
&••:':':•"••:'••• ••.:: -•.:':-- • .
Baseline
125
93,244
137
3,680
15,062
79,714
11,343
14,737
1,549
938
26,764
744
96,300
15
7,388
336
48,061
78,848
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
580
93,244
137
3,990
15,062
79,714
11,343
14,737
1,549
938
26,764
744
102,000
51
7,388
336
48,061
78,989
1999
577
93,244
137
3,990
15,062
79,714
11,343
14,737
1,549
938
26,764
744
102,000
51
7,388
336
48,061
78,989
2013
577
93,244
137
3,990
15,062
79,714
11,343
14,737
1,549
938
26,764
744
102,000
51
7,388
336
48,061
78,989
» Western State.: AK, AZ, CA. CO, GU, HI, ID. KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Energy Recovery - Sludges/Solids
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louiaiana ,
Maine
Maryland
Michigan
MinnMoU .
Mississippi
MiMOuri
Baseline
1,656
35
807
458
0
158
3,419
13,955
740
129
5,081
9,905
29
27
376
953
147
83
4.580
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
1,656
36
807
458
0
170
3,755
2,589
740
129
5,081
9,905
29
31
376
953
; 147
83
4,580
1999
1,556
•36
807
458
0
170
3,755
2,589
740
129
5,081
9,905
29
31
376
953
147
83
4,580
2013
1,556
36
807
458
0
170
3.755
2,589
740
129
5,081
9.905
29
31
376
953
147
83
4,580
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
;North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
'Rhode Island
iSoutfi Carolina
Tennessee
'Texas
'Vermont
tVirgina
iWest Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
Baseline
102
3,800
7
390
130
7.132
5,383
1,329
15
30
532
193
13,200
35
94
384
8,088
7,238
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
102
3,800
- 7
' 340
130
7.154
5,383
1,329
15
30
532
193
19,600
619
94
384
8,088
7,246
1999
102
3,800
7
340
130
7,154
5,383
1,329
15
30
532
193
19,600
619
94
384
8,088
7,246
2013
102
3,800
7
340
130
7,154
5,383
1,329
15
30
' 532
193
19,600
619
94
384
- 8,088
7,246
» Western State*: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU. HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, NO, OR, SD, UT, WA. WY
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Stabilization - Chemical Fixation
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
"Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
lUinoia
Indiana
Iowa ._
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota.
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
4,348
1,050
13.738
340
59
3,779
3,536
32,742
14,923
1,814
6,203
5,184
4,008
1,251
12,274
45,412.
3,330
1,421
1,164
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
4,525
1,050
13,741
340
59
3,935
4,571
23,711
100,791
1,844
6,203
16,413
4,008
1,310
12,274
46,757
3,403
1,430
1,192
1999
4,525
1,050
13,741
340
59
3,935
4,571
23,711
100,791
1,844
6,203
16,413
4,008
1,310
12,274
46,757
3,403
1,430
1,192
2013
4,525
1,050
13,741
340
59
3,935
4,571
23,711
. 100,791
1,844
6,203
16.413
4,008
1.310
12,274
46,757
3,403
1,430
1,192
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
Baseline
1,046
48,861
26
24,210
1,695
45,137
987
49,102
96
4,842
19,676
3,723
67,700
149
2,454
1,609
5.089
64,565
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
1,140
52,270
26
24,240
2,007
46,558
1,153
51,228
109
5,036
19,824
3,901
70,200
1,281
1 2,674
7,086
5,106
72,019
1999
1,139
52,270
26
24,240
2,007
46,558
- 1,153
51,228
109
5,036
19,824
3,901
70,200
1,281
« 2,674
7,086
5,106
72,019
2013
1,139
52,270
26
24,240
2,007
46,558
1,153
51,228
109
5,036
19,824
3,901
70,200
1,281
2,674
7,086
5,106
72,019
* Western State*: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
.Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Incineration - Liquids/Gases
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arfcaaaaa
CmnoctKut
Delaware
Diatrict of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
miaou
ladiaaa
Iowa
Kentucky
i 1*1MMM>
Maine
Maryland
MaaaachuMtta
Michigan
Minneaota
Miawaaippi
Miaaouh
•aaftinr
3,161
890
4,591
1,836
130
694
1,101
4,718
5,541
895
6^48
5,423
903
2,440
3,647
3,677
942
3,091
5,476
Dcnwd for Conacre
C MapMMtM
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Incineration - Sludges/Solids
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Aikanaaa
f^maf "tinrt
Delaware
Diatrict of Columbia
Plank
Georgia
miaoM
ImJimr*
Iowa
KMMcky
1 mimiini
u.^.
MaryUad
IliMittolllHl
Mictucao
Uiannanti
Miiaiiii|i|ii
MiMouri
fattjtp*
1,863
497
1,613
859
32
756
1,791
6,792
8,855
. 161
2,567
t,9S4
147
3,775
2,439
4,010
985
1,030
1,112
ih»Md for Commercial Subtitk
C Maoafemeat Capacity
1993
1,863
497
1,725
859
42
821
2,350
18,030
8,934
179
2,567
. 9,371
147
4484
2,439
4,010
1,001
1,047
1,755
1999
1,706
497
1,725
859
42
821
2,350
18,030
8,934
179
2.567
9,371
147
4,879
2,439
4,010
1,001
1,047
1,755
2013
1,706
497
1,725
859
42
821
2,350
18,030
8.934
179
2,567
9,371
147
4,879
2,439
4,010
1,001
1,047
1.755
State
New Hampshire
New Jeney
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Penaaytvaoia
Puerto Rico
Rhode Maad
South Carolina
TenocMee
Texaa
Vermont
Vtrgmt
We* Virginia
Wiacooaia
Weatent State*
^•'•:-:<—V :»,•>•• .-
Baidiiie
268
9,896
1,021
3.150
1,770
6,286
1,714
5,861
3,629
279
4,045
434
43,700
660
5,137
1,043
1,191
23,794
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
565
9,896
1,021
3,320
1,770
6,539
1.714
8,099
3,629
279
4.045
. 457
46,800
929
5,137
1,043
1.191
24,774
1999
564
9,896
1,021
3.320
1,770
6.539
.1,714
8,099
3,629
279
4,045
457
46,800
929
5,137
1,043
1,191
24,774
2013
564
9,896
1,021
3,320
1,770
6,539
1,714
8,099
3,629
279
4,045
457
46,800
929
5,137
1,043
1,191
24,774
• Wcrtera Staler Ak% AZ, CA, CO, OU. HI, ID, K3, IfT, NB, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY -
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Fuel Blending
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan .
Minnesota
Mitdisnppi
Missouri
Baseline
100,236
9,579
11,907
1.345
0
6,537
17,744
27,634
52,924
6,627
10,382
15,226
752
3,289
5.001
.61,656
3,440
5,983
24,810
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
100,236
9,579
11,907
1,345
12
6,660
17.749
103,903
52,924
6,645
10,382
15.226
752
4,107
5,001
61,656
3,440
5,983
24,851
1999
99,853
9,579
11,907
1-.345
12
6,660
17,749
103,903
52,924
6,645
10,382
15,226
752
4,107
5,001 .
61,656
3.440
5,983
24,851
2013
99,853
9,579
11,907
1,345
12
6,660
17,749
103.903
52,924
6,645
10,382
15,226
752
4,107
5,001
61,656
3,440
. 5,983
24,851
State
- -
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico "•
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont .
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
:,";'':\:'-: •-:•-' '... .•; : ':'".: .• '.
Baseline •
828
93,518
699
13,960
10,310
34,218
2,524
25,754
13,322
848
9,421
' 11,791
74,900
890
.5,420
4,756
46,928
27,572
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
' C Management Capacity
1993
1,061
93,518
714
13,860
10,310
34,668
2,524
25,754
13,322
848
9,421
11,988
80,600
1,081
5,420
4,756
46,928
29,560
1999
1,059
93,518
714
13,860
10,310
34,668
2,524
25,754
- 13,322
848
9,421
1 1 ,988
80,600
1,081
5,420
4,756
46,928
29,560
2013
1,059
93,518
714
13,860
10,310
34,668
2,524
25,754
13,322
848
9,421
1 1 ,988
80,600
1,081
5,420
.4,756
46,928
29,560
• Western Stales: AK, AZ, CA, CO, Gil, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges Treatment
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
Slate
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Ulinoi*
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
LoititiHiif)
Maine
Maryland
Maittduiirtti
Michigan
Minnesota
Miaiiaaippi
MiMOUfi
Baseline
8,696
602
21,949
2,299
71
2,800
5,372
119,128
202,578
3,529
11,201
2,516
904
25,690
15.141
118,161
9,280
12,223
28,925
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
„ 68,747
1,532
30,992
2,396
77
3,591
7,923
142,511.
263,181
3,529
11,201
11,151
909
28,095
15,141
1 19,643
9,326
12,223
30,337
1999
68,747
. 1,532
30,992
2,396
77
3,591
7,923
142,511
263,181
3,529
11,201
11,151
909
28,095
15,141
119,643
9,326
12,223
30,337
2013
68,747
1,532
30,992
2,396
77
3,591
7,923
142,511
263,181
3,529
11,201
11,151
909
28,095
15,141
1 19,643
9,326
12.223
30,337
State
•
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee .
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
Went Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
;.-' : :. ': .':"''••', . •'. '.'•'• ' '
Baseline
1,041
1,033,620
. 181
118,060
8,109
195,257
8,509
203,348
410,780
3,238
33,266
19,144
11,800
849
8,720
11,782
86,886
185,210
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
2.452
1,033,620
390
119,960
8,453
200,241
, 27,911
204,513
410,837
3,344
34,087
19,225
11,800
1,307
8,960
1 1-.857
87,186
211,484
1999
2,372
1,033,620
390
. 119,960
8,453
200,241
27,911
204,513
410,837
3,344
34,087
19,225
11,800
1,307
8,960
11,857
87,186
211,484
2013
2,372
1,033,620
390
119,960
8,453
200,241
27,911
204,513
410,837
3,344
34,087
19,225
, 11,800
1,307
8,960
' 11,857
87,186
211,484
* Weatera Stales: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU, HI, ID. KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Landfill
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware "
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
22,479
46,800
29,253
2,249
116
11,151
16,437
87,518
7,981
6,537
- 24,671
30,103
6,180
3,635
26,912
85,399
15,999
5,655
11,459
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
16,536
46,800
21,713
2,044
125
11,435
14,073
64,213
47,502
6,593
24,671
26,435
6,180
4,480
26,912
85,799
15,889
5,245
10,560
1999
16,361
46,800
21,713
2,044
125
11,435
14,073
64,213
47,502
6,593
24,671
26,435
. 6.180
. 4,480
26,912
85,799
15,889
5,245
10,560
2013
16,361
46,800
21,713
2,044
125
11,435
14,073
64,213
47,502
6,593 /
24,671
26,435
6,180
4,480
26,912
85,799
15.889
5,245
10,560
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Peurto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgin*
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western Stales
Baseline
3,198
171,338
770
57,010
9,019
106,308
3.199
61,452
2,050
8,322
39,662
22,055
160,000
3,643
9,777
13,696
11,190
483,998
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
2,646
176,449
584
57,290
8,732
104,101
3,448
63,235
1,985
8,322
39,662
22,329
161,000
5,516
9,412
21,357
11,071
483,082
1999
2,635
176,449
584
57,290
8,732
104,101
3,448
63,235
1,985
8,322
39,662
22,329
161,000
5,516
9.412
21,357
11.071
483.082
2013
2,635
176,449
584
57,290
8,732
104,101
3,448
63,235
1,985
. 8,322
39,662
22,329
161,000
, 5,516
9,412
21,357
11,071
483,082
» Western States: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD. UT, WA, WY
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Deepwell - Underground Injection
Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia.
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
MacMchuactt*
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baserue
58.924
5,516
100
0
0
631
1,794
5.847
57,681
360
3,292
108,529
0
94
1
4,679
0
2,846
959
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
843
5,517
0
0
0
6
1,794
. • 0
742
360
3.292
108,529
0
709
1
3,197
0
320
23
1999
843
5,517
0
0
0
6
1,794
0
742
360
3,292
108,529
0
709
1
3,197
0
320
23
2013
843
5,517
0
0
0
6
1,794
0
742
360
3,292
108,529
0
709
1
3,197
0
320
23
State
New Hampshire '
New Jeney
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
PoaaayKaaia
Puerto-Rico
Rhode lalaod
Sou* Carolina '
Tennessee
Tcxa*
Vermont
Virgins,
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Westerh States
•J-; ;;• /•:-•«•?••*•;; • ."•-;>•:<.:;(: .":.."."
Basefioe
0
0
7
480
0
158,883
3,052
2,952
3
0
177
429
397.400
0
524
245
179
14,796
. v!* ."*'*•' ' • '
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Mujm^opcut Csp*city
1993
0
0
1
440
0
157,767
2,784
1,787-
3
0
177
344
397,400
0
520
245
0
12,447
•^'v'-'"' '•''.'
1999
0
0
. 1
440
0
157,767
2,784
1,787
3
0
177
344
397,400
0
520
245
0
12,447
2013
0
0
1
440
0
157,767
2,784
1,787
3
0
177
344
397,400
0
520
245
0
12,447
* Western Slalea: AK, AZ, CA. CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR. SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Appendix B
-------
Commercial Capacity Data Submitted by States
The following tables show for each state the quantities of commercial Subtitle C management capacity for
each CAP Management Category and each projection year. The data in these tables are directly from Table 6 in the
States'CAPs.
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Metals Recovery (tons)
State
Alabama '
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana •
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
Miaciaaippi
Miavouri
Baseline
100,000
0
1,454 '
0
0.
208
0
117,201
202,400
0
41
378,040
0
0
5.453
30
65,694
0
7,225
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
20,000
0
550
200
0
208
0
164,202
202,400
0
41
378,040
0
0
5,453
30
65,694
0
7,225
1999
20,000
0
550
200
0
208
0
164,202
202,400
0
4>
378,040
0
0
5,453
30
65,694
0
7,225
2013
20,000
0
550
200
0
208
0
164,202
202,400
0
41
378,040
0
0
5,453
30
65,694
0
• 7,225
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina .
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
:'• •••'.'. •••, : • '•' . . *, , "
'•'•' •':'..•• .'•'•*• . ' • • '.
• ' ' ' • • ... • •- • •
Baseline
0
670
5,929
27,520
0
11,000
0
420,597
0
31,288
2,171
233,875
240,800
0
0
0
120
99,968
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
670
5,929
27,520
0
11,000
0
420,597
0
31,288
.2,171
129,625
305,600
0
0
0
120
100,563
1999
0
670
5,929
27,520
0
11,000
0
320,597
0
31,288
2,171
129,625
305,600
0
0
0
120
150,563
2013
0
. 670
5,929
27,520
0
11,000
0
320,597
0
31,288
2,171
129,625
305,600
0
0
0
120
150,563
* Western Stale*: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Inorganics Recovery (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Ulinou
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana -
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,375
0
0
0
0
117,624
0
0
1,000
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,375
0
0
0
0
117,624
0
0
1,000
1999
0,
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,375
0
0
0
0
1 17,624
0
0
1,000
2013
.0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,375
0
0
0
0
117,624
0
0
1,000
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico *~
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
Wett Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
Baseline
0
0
0
0
0
41,731
0
0
o
6,924
0
0
0
0
.0
0
0
271,840
Commercial Subtitle C '
Management Capacity .
1993
\ 0
0
0
0
0
41,731
0
0
0
6,924
0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
,197,590
1999
0
0
0
0
0
41,731
- o
0
0
6,924
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
197,590
2013
0
0
0
0
0
41,731
0
0
0
6,924
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
197,590
» Western State*: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Organics Recovery (tons)
Sute
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
17,406
4,600
7,744
0
0
237,834
31,140
80,966
201.283
370
52,040
55,000
0
403
79.585
711.866
600
. 0
74,500
Commercial Subtitle. C
Management Capacity
1993
15,000
4,600
7,744
0
0
232,025
29,433
114,280
201,283
370
52,040
55,000
0
403
79,585
664,282
600'
• 0
69,400
1999
15,000
4,600
7,744
0
0
232,025
18,183
114,280
201,283
370
52,040
55,000
0
0
79,585
664,282
600
0
69,400
2013
15,000
4,600
7,744
0
o.
232,025
18,183
114,280
201,283
370
52,040
5S,000;
0 j
0 ;
79,585 .
664,282
600
0
69,400:
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rko
Rhode Island.
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western Slates
Baseline
0
74.935
0
1,900
1,814
147,835
48,678
17,100.
14,875
13,623
42,004
20,020
133,500
0
8,765
0
73,071
338,480
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
74,935
0
1,900
1,814
156,657
48,678
17,100
14,875
13,623
-42,004
20,020
137,800
0
46,765
0
. 73,071
320,263
1999
0
74,935
' 0
1,900
1,814
156,657
48,678
17,100
14,875
13,623
42,004
20,020
137,800
0
46,765
0
73,071
320,263
2013
0
74,935
0
1,900
1,814
156,657
48,678
17,100
14,875
13,623
42,004
20,020
137,800
0
46,765
0
73,071
320,263
» Western Slate*: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Energy Recovery - Liquids (tons)
Sute
Alabama •
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois '
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
LuuittAAA
Maine
Maryland
Mmmimrttltmrttm
Michigan
MuweaoU
Miaaiaaippi
Missouri
Baseline
65,000
12,569
4,053
0
0
39,351
0
0
158,048
0
54,896
177,300
0
0
0
157,620
0
62
165,470
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
65,000
12,570
4,053
0
0
39,351
0.
0
158,048
0
54,896
177,300
0
0
0
52.500
0
6,170
245,470
1999
65,000
12,570
4,053
0
0
39,351
80,200
0
158,048
0
54,896
177,300
0
0
0
52,500
0
6,170
245,470
2013
65,000
12,570
4,053';
0 !
0 T
39,351
80,200
0
158,048
o r
54,896;
177,300
0
0 :
0 '
52,500,
0
6,1701
245.47Q
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
Baseline
0
0
0
37,480
40,201
85,640
0
96,321
0
0.
148,920
5,667
351,000
0
70,000
0
0
358,704
Commerciul Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
37,480
12,978
85,640
0
96,321
0
0
148,920
5,667
250,800
> 0
70,000
0
358,704
1999
0
0
0
37,480
34,930
85,640
0
96,321
0
0
148,920
5.667
.250,800
0
• 70,000
0
0
358,704
1 . • '• ''• *• : : :•'
2013 ,
0
0
0
37,480
45,906
85,640
0
96,321
0
0
148,920
5,667
250,800
0
70,000
0
0
358,704
* Western States: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Energy Recovery - Sludges/Solids (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Honda
Georgia
Illinois
liytinnft
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland s
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Buetine
0
194,000
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0
0
0
228,338
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,555
Commercial Subtkk C
Management Capacity
1993
0
194,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
228,338
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 30,555
1999
0
194,000
0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
228,338
0^
0
0
0
0
'0
30,555
2013
0
194,00(1
of
Or
0
°1
°
of
°f
o\
°i
228,33^
o*
°i
of
0}
oj
Oi
30,555
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgins
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
S'h: >:<::;:;;•;; :•'••• ,;:>;• •"•':
Baseline
0
0
0
0
0
1,010
0
0
0
0
1,041
11,505
0
0
0
0
0
119,524
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
0
. 0
1,010
0
0
0
0
1,041
11,505
10,700
0
0
0
0
119,524
1999
0
0
0
0
0
1,010
0
0
0
0
1,041
11,505
10,700
0
0
0
0
1 19,524
2013
0
0
0
0
0
1,010
0
0
0
0
1,041
11,505
10,700
0
. 0
0
0
119,524
* Western Stale*: AK..AZ, CA, CO, CU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Stabilization/Chemical Fixation (tons)
State
s-
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware •
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa •
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota.
Mississippi
MiMouri
Baseline
52,000
. 1,050
41.371
0
0
0
66,463
230,900
460,867
0
120,000
310,700
0
0
0
457,580
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
- 1993
483,600
1,050
41,371
0
0
0
67,136
230,900
460,867
0
120,000
310,700
0
0
0
457,580
0
0
0
1999
483,600
1,050
41,371
0
0
0
1 16,908
230,900
460,867
0
120,000
310,700
0
0
0
457,580
0
0
0
2013
483,600
1,050
41,371
0
0
0
116,908
230,900
460,867
0
120,900
310.JOO
\
t>
0
457,Ji80
p
)
0
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgin*
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western Stales
Baseline
0
35,153
0 ^
125,070
0
281,580
952,875
85,418
0
0
117,000
0
1,215,000
0
0
0
109,500
1,413,744
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
35,153
0
125,070
0
431,580
952,875
85,418
0
0
117,000
0
1,215,000
0
0
0
109,500
2,756,962
1999
0
35,153
0
125,070
0
431,580
952,875
85,418
0
0
117,000
0
1,215,000
0
0
0
109,500
2,756,962
2013
0
35,153 .
• 0
125,070
0
431,580
952,875
85.418
0
0
117,000
0
1,215,000
0
0
0
109,500
2,756,962
* Western State*: AK. AZ. CA, CO, GU, HI. ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD. UT, WA, WY
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Incineration - Liquids/Gases (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa -
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri . .
Baseline
0
192,000
0
0
0
0
0
74,964
0
0
100,000
1,315,697
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
192,000
0
0
0
0
0
51,156
0
0
100,000
1,315,697
0
.0
0
0.
0
0
0
1999
0
192,000
. 0
0
0
0
0
51,156
0
0
100,000
1,315,697
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2413
0
192,000
0
0
0
0
0
51,156
- 0
0
100,000
1,315,697
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island .
South Carolina
Tennessee .
Texas
Vermont . '
Virgina
Weat Virginia
Wisconsin ' v
Western Slates
Baseline
0
46,566
0
40
0
56,502
2,000
0
0
0
23,765
0
201,400
0
0
0
3,184
37,69.7
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
46,566
0
40
0
72,702
2,000
0
0
0
23,765
0
201,400
0
0
0
3,184
33,947
1999
0
46,566
0
40
.0
72,702
2,000
0
0
0
23,765
0
201,400
0
0
0
3,184
. 1 10,058
2013
0
46,566
0
40
0
72,702
2,000
0
0
0
23,765
0
201,400
0
0
0
3,184
110,058
* Western States: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV. ND, OR. SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Incineration - Sludges/Solids (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana •
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
MaMarhuMttfi
•
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
3,800
96,000
0
0
0
0
0
92,092
0 r
0
200,000
488,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,072
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
3,800
96,000
0
- 0
0
0
0
73,500
0
0
200,000
488,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1999
3,800
195,840
0
.0
' 0
- 0
0
73,500
0
0
200,000
488,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2013
3,800
195,840
0
0
0
0
0
73,500
0
0
200,000
488,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
Oi
Slate
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island .
South Carolina
Tennessee -
Texas
Vermont
Virgin*
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
Baseline
0
31,451
0
420
0
33,376
0
0
0
0
19,500
0.
161,600
0
0
0
0
85,733 .
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
31,451
0
420
0
77,176
0
0
0
0
19,500
0
- 161,600
0
0
0
0
85,733
1999
0
'31,451
0
420
0
.77,176
0
, 0
0
0
19,500
0
161,600
0
0
0
. 0
179,622
2013
0
31,451
0
420
0
77,176
0
0
0
0
19,500
0
161,600
0
0
0
0
179,622
• Western States: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Fuel Blending (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florid*
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
1 1'liitiini
Maiac
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Minmippi
Missouri
Baseline
342,277
334,384
203,051
0
0
49,912
270,318
134,755
185,752
0
168,626
686,200
0
0
45,872
277,854
0
0
. 252,857
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity -
1993
320,957
334,400
203,051
0
0
49,912
269,100
145,975
185,752
0
168,626
686,200
0
0
45,872
277,854
0
0
252,857
. 1999
320,957
334,400
203,051
0
0
49,912
205,040
145,975
185,752
0
168,626
686,200
. 0
0
45,872
277,854
0
0
252,857
2013
320,957
334,400
203,051
0
0
49,912
205,040
145,975
185,752
0
168,626
686,200
0
0
45,872
277,854
0
0
252,857
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania •
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western Slates.
Baseline
0
94,207
0
4,050
2,281
1 14,940
205,242
75,894
126,347
0
11,547
84,471
190,800
0
0
0
65,512
256,618
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
94,207
0
4,050
2,281
202,379
205,242
75,894
126,347
0
1 1 ,547
84,471
190,800
0
0
0
65,512
319,993
1999
0
94,207
0
4,050
' 2,281
202,379
205,242
75,894
126,347
0
11,547
84,471
190,800
0
0
0
65,512
319,993
2013
0
94,207
0
4,050
2,281
202,379
205,242
75,894
126,347
0
11,547
. 84,471
190,800
0
0
0
65,512
319,993
* Western Slates: AK, AZ. CA, CO, CU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges Treatment (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
MisMuri
Baseline
5,000
0
181,579
0
0
19,930
32.500
456,873
336,540
121,145
0
53,570
1 1 ,796
20.886
0
1,899,170
33,728
0
67,041
Commercial Subtitle C.
Management Capacity
1993
5.000
0
180,366
0
0
0
32,500
444,583
336,540
121,145
0
53,570
11,796
20,886
0
1,898,513
33,728
0
58,324
1999
5,000
0
180.336
0.
0
0
224,684
444,583
336,540
121,145
0
53,570
11,796
20,886
0
2,073,513
. 33,728
0
58,324
2013
.5,000
0
180,336
0
0.
0
224,684
444,583
336,540
121,145
0
53,570
11,796
20,886
0
2,073,513
33,728
0
58,324
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico • •
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Penniylvania
Puerto Rico ~ -
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgjna
West Virginia .
Wisconsin
Western Slates
1 " ; ,• : "'"'"'
Baseline
0
27,651,302
0
762,260
32,005
1,027,904
53,979
748,799
0
49,997
99,392
649,898
90,500
0
33,700
2,304,000
205,335
1,511,934
Commercial Subtitle C Management
Capacity •
1993
0
27,651,302
0
762,260
32,005
1,163,369
53,979
748,799
0
49,997
99,392
649,898
98,800
0
33,700
2,304,000
205,335
1,204,524
1999
0
27,651,302
0
762,260
32,005
1,179,153
53,979
748,799
0
49,997
99,392
649,898
98,800
0
, 33,700
3,456,000
205,335
1,274,524
2013
0
27,651,302
0
762,260
32,005
1,179,153
53,979
748,799
0
49,997
99,392
649,898
98,800
0
33.700
3,456,000
. 205,335
1,274,524
* Western Slates: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR. SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Landfill (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
1 iniisBiiii
Maine
Maryland
MaaMchuaetta
Michigan
Minnesota
Mianwippi
Missouri
Baseline
517,189
0
0
0
P
0
0
1,476,089
4.881,459
0
0
6,409,891
0
0
0
1,150,510
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
600,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.347.663
4,883,956
0
0
4,992,557
0
0
0
850,000
0
.0
0
1999
600,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
962,387
4,548,942
0
0
4,833,947
0
0
0
250,000
0
0
0
2013
600,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
63,407
3,883,909
0
0
4,489,781
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
- State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico •
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina,
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western State*
Baseline
0
0
0
308.750
0
235,000
1,261,260
0
0
0
97,906
0
1,343,000
0
0
0
0
27,125.854
Commercial Subtitle C Management
Capacity
1993
0
0
- o
1,174,770
0
2,319,000
1,257,812
0
0
0
135,000
0
1,701,000
0
0
0
0
28.177,306
1999
0
0
0
2,831,010
0
1,694,394
1,240,574
0
0
0
0
0
. 735,000
0
0
0
0
27,016,049
2013
0
0
0
2,028,900
0
236,980
1.212,993
0
0
0
- 555,268
0
-1,519,000
0
0
0
0
21,558,462
* Western Stale*: AK, AZ, CA, CO. OU, HI, ID, KS, MT. NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA. WY
-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Deepwell - Underground Injection (tons)
i/t
Slate
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Ulinou
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
1 miiriaaa
MaoM
Maryland
MaiiichuirtH
Mtdufaa
MkMeaota-
MiaaiaNppi
Missouri
Baseline
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
164.381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
' Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
' 0
164,381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1999
0
0
0
0,
0
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
164,381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2013
0
. 0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
164,381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
State
-
New Hampshire .
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode liUnd
South Carolina
Tenneatee
Texas , '
Vermont
Virgin*
West Virginia
Wiaconttn
Western Sttlei
Baseline
0
0
0
0
0
525,420
12,495
0
0
0
0
0'
2,549,800
0
0
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
0
0
525,420
12,495
0
0
0
0
0
2,549,800
0
0
0
0
0
1999
0
0
0
0
0
525,420
12,495
0
0
0
0
0
2,549,800
0
0
0
0
0
~: .'. . : ': ;..v:; ;
2013
0
0
0
0
0
525,420
12,495
0
0
"0
0
0
2,549,800
0
0
0
0
0
:. :•: •• -. .-:•..- - . ,;
* Western Stale*: AK. AZ, CA, CO. GU, HI. ID, KS, MT, NE, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
-------
Appendix C
-------
Adjustments to Commercial Capacity Data
* The Agency, adjustments to state-submitted data in the following table apply to each 'year as presented in the
State CAPs: 1991, baseline, 1993, 1999, .and 2013, except for adjustment for the National Cement facility,
which applies to 1999 and 2013. •' -
Facilities
State CAP
Data
(tons)
Agency
Adjustment
(tons)
Agency .
Adjusted
Data (tons)
Reason for Change
• Organics Recovery ' . N
Marine Shale. LA
Clean Harbors. MA
55,000
11,318.278
-55,000 •
-11.301,278
Energy Recovery-Liquids
National Cement, CA
Marine. Shale, LA
37,000
31,000
' -37,000
-31,000 .
0
17,000
Permit wu denied
Error in BRS data
0
0
Permit wa» denied
Permit was denied
Energy Recorery-Sludges/Solids '
Marine Shale, LA
Rhone Poulenc, LA
.73,000
155,338
-73,000
-155,338
0
0
Permit wa* denied
Sludgea/aolid* capacity wa» reclassified as '
liquid* capacity
Incineration— Liquids and. Gases
Rhone-Poulenc, LA
Rollins, LA
775,099
540,599
/
-715,099
r479.599 .
60,000*
61,000*
Prior rarimatra did not reflect real
operating conditions
Prior fitimatft did not reflect real
operating condition!
Incineration— Sludges/Solids
Rhone-Poulenc, LA
Rhone-Poulenc, TX
RoUiot, LA
371,124
4o,ooo<
117,714
-371,124
-40,000
-76,714'
0
0»
41,000*
Sludges/wiid* capacity wa« recuusified a*
liquid* and gaae* capacity
Sludgec/totid* capacity wu reclaMified ai
liquid* and gaae* capacity
Prior nrtimatri did not reflect real
operating coadmoM
• El Digest, June 1994. EPA ia unable to releaae to die public in facility-level LDR program capacity information for mi* or other incinerator*
because it ha* been claimed a* confidential t""inrtf infonnatioa.
k Based on El Digest, June 1994, which reported 102,000 tona/year of capacity. EPA Land Diapoaal ReatrictioM (LDR) program data indicate
that'60 percent of commercial iacineradoa capacity treat* liquid* and gaae* and 40 percent man itudge* and tobd*. Thu*, EPA allocated
61,000 (0.6 x 102,000) ton* to tncJneraboo-Liquidi and Gaae* aad 41.000 (0.4 x 102,000) toM to I«cineralioo-Sludge»/Sond».
• Texa* did not report (be capacity of specific facilities in it* Phaaa 1 CAP. CPA iiinmnil this bcihty't (double counted) capacity i* 40,000
ton*, baaed on El Digest, May 1993.
-------
Landfill Adjustments . ' .
• EPA also manipulated commercial landfill capacity data for Alabama and South Carolina to make the data
employable in the CAP Phase i Data System, which EPA used to do the National Assessment calculations.
* These manipulations were consistent with the information provided by the states. They were necessary
because the landfills in these states have starutorily-imposed limits on the amount of wastes that can be
disposed of per year. The CAP Phase 1 Data System is structured to use data, not on die rate of disposal,
but rather on the total stock of landfill capacity that can be utilized over the landfill's life.
• The Alabama and South Carolina landfill capacity data were also manipulated to be consistent with die
System's methodology for depleting landfill capacity. This methodology distinguishes between states with and
without landfill capacity. .-.-•'
> States with landfills. For projection year estimates of the maximum available supply of capacity in
Table 6 of the state's submissions, the model requires figures representing the amount of capacity
available during the projection period (e.g., start of 1994 through start of 1999 for one-time waste
generated in the state and both recurrent and one-time wastes from other states). Preparing these
estimates requires subtracting the state's recurrent demand for landfill capacity during the projection
period from the state's maximum available capacity at die end of the prior period.
*• States without landfills. In contrast, die model shows no available capacity for states without landfill
capacity. In the national assessment, these states' demand for capacity is subtracted from the
maximum available capacity for states with landfills. ' •
• The landfill adjustments described below did not change the meaning of the data submitted by Alabama and
South Carolina, but merely manipulated its form to be useable in the CAP Phase 1 Data System.
Alabama .
• Background . • ;
» The Chemical Waste Management landfill in Emelle, Alabama can receive no more than 600,000
tons/per year, as specified by State law. . .
j > The facility's estimated maTiimim available permitted capacity at the end of 1993 was 20,000,000
torn, which will last until 2027 at the maximum utilization rate. ,
^ »• In 1991, die facility disposed of about 520,000 tons of hazardous waste.
»• The State's projected recurrent landfill demand is 16,536 tons in 1993 and 16,361 tons/year
from 1994 through 2013 (based on the reported demand for 1999 and 2013).
• Adjusted Maximum Landfill Capacity in Tons for Use in the State's Table 6 .
.* 1999: 4,101,659 - (7.x 600,000) -(16,536 + (5x16,361))
»• 2013: 12,272,605 - (21 x 600,000) - (16,536 + (19 x 16,361))
• . What These Figures Mean
» The 1999 calculation represents the maximum capacity available between the start of 1993 and the
-------
end of 1999 that has not been used, prior to the start of 1999, by Alabama recurrent waste demand.
This maximum amount can be utilized only if the 600,000 limit is reached during each year between
1993 and 1999. . '
> The calculation for 2013 represents the maximum capacity available between the start of 1993 and the
end of 2013 that has not been used, prior to the start of 2013, by Alabama recurrent demand. This
maximum amount can be utilized only if the 600,000 limit is reached during each year between 1993
and 2013. ,
South Carolina
• Background
> The Laidlaw/GSX landfill in Pinewood, South Carolina can receive up to 135,000 tons/per year, as
specified by State law. . . •
> At the end of 1993, the facility's total remaining capacity was 1,800,000 tons, according to El Guide
to Hazardous Waste Landfills in Canada and the United States, Environmental Information Ltd, 1994.
> South Carolina state statute requires the landfill to close January 1,2000.
> In recent years, the facility has disposed of close to 135,000 ton/year.
»• The State's projected recurrent landfill demand is 39,662 tons/year during the projection
' years. . )
Adjusted Maximum Landfill Capacity in Tons for Use in the State's Table 6
>' 1999: 707,028 - (7 x 135,000) - (6 x 39,662)
»> 2013: 707,028 - (7 x 135,000) - (6 x 39,662) ' .
What These Figures Mean
. ' - ' '
*• The 1999 calculation represents the maximum capacity available between the start of 1993 through the
end of 1999 that has not been used, prior to the start of 1999, by South Carolina recurrent waste
demand. This maximum amount can be utilized over this time period only if the 135,000 .limit is
reached during each year between 1993 and 1999. .
»• The 2013 calculation represents the maximum capacity available between the start of 1993 through the
end of 2013 that has not been used, prior to the start of 2013, by South Carolina recurrent waste
demand. It is identical to the 1999 value because any additional wastes generated after the landfill
closes in 1999 will not go to that landfill; that is, no new landfill capacity is available after 1999, but
no new in-state utilization of landfill capacity occurs either: The consolidation equations in the
national aggregation database system take care of placing this unmatched demand for landfill capacity
(from 2000 and 2013) on the national supply of landfill capacity during that time.
55
-------
Appendix D
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
. This list shows all facilities that managed RCRA hazardous waste commercially in 1994. These facilities comprise the capacity reported
in the national assessment. The list includes Subtitle C permitted and interim status facilities and RCRA-exempt facilities. Facilities identified
on this list will not necessarily correspond to the facilities identified in Stale CAPs because States reported information for 1991 and some
facilities have opened or closed between 1991 and 1994.
A variety of sources were used to compile this list: the 1991 Biennial Reporting System National Oversight Database, the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Information System (RCRIS), "El Environmental Services Directory 1994", internal Agency information, and state
information. The facilities in the list were confirmed with information provided in state CAP submissions and then verified by the states.
The type of management at each facility is identified by CAP management category. Each CAP Management Category is comprised of
a number of waste management technologies that are generally interchangeable for managing broad types of wastes (e.g., organics, inorganics
including metals, and wastewaters), based on treatment performance. The CAP management categories are comprised of the following system
types (as defined in ' U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991 Hazardous Waste Report Instructions and Forms. EPA Form 8700-13A/B,
pp. 90-91.
RECOVERY
MOH
M012
M013
M014
M019
jRtcoi
Moai
MOJ9
High I
(recovery
Retorting
StfTtnrtary mailing
Other OMUli recovery for reute: e.g., ioo
exchange, reveree oemneii, acid 1»"*i"n .
Maula recovery - type unknown
Acid regeneration
• Other recovery '- type unknown
COMBUSTION
M05I
M059
M04I
M044
M049
M02I
M022
M023
M024
M029
M032
Thin film evaporation
Solvent extraction
Other aolveai recovery
Sotventa recovery - type unknown
Other recovery: e.g., WMU oil recovery, nanearve
MOS2
M053
MOS9
M042.
M043.
M049
organic* recovery
Energy recovery - liquidi
Energy recovery • type unknown
Incineration - liquidi
Incineration - gue*
Incineration - type unknown
Energy recovery - iludgea
Energy recovery • aoluii
Energy recovery - rype unknown
Incineration • ahidgu
Incineration • tolid*
Incineration - type unknown
-------
TREATMENT
Mill Stabilization/chemical fixation uaing
cwneolilioua and/or pozzolanic material*
Ml 12 Other atabilizeuoo
Ml 19 Subilimion - Qrp« unknown
M06I Fud Mending
M07I
M072
M073
M074
M075
M076
M077
M07I
M079
MOtl
MM2
Quota* reduction followed by chemical
precipitation ' .
Cyanide destruction followed by chemical pracipiutioa
Cyanide deauuction only
Chemical oiidMion foUowod by cfaemic«l pracipiutkw
OMoucal oxidation only
W«c «ir oxidalino > , .
CbMnical pracipiuikm
Otbtr HO«OU» iao
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE"
NAME
REGION I
CONNECTICUT .
Bridgeport United Recycling (Hitchcock Oat Engine Co.)
Clean Harbort ' •
EAM Coeat EaviroameoUl Service* Corp.
Enthoae • ' -
Environmental Watte Rteourcet, Inc. [BLR]
Macdermid lac
FOP Induatrita lac
United Oil Recovery, Inc. / -
MASSACHUSETTS
CUuHarbonofNtlkk.be.
Clean Harbor* Of Bniatrae. toe.
General Chemical Corporation
H'Ty*?" Color eV Phaniiril Co
let-Line Servieet, toe.
let-Line Servket, Inc.
LaidJaw EnviromneaUl Secvicea (NE), toe.
Zeccolne
EPA ID
CTDOQ2593B87
CTD00060448S
CTD08963I956
CTD001 169010
CTD072I3S969
CTO001I64S99
CTD097220SI3
CTD02U16W9
MAD980523203
MAOOS34S2637
MADOI937I079
MAD001 114214
MAD04707S734
MAO062179S90
MAD000604447
MADOS292449S
.
Metal
X
X
RECOVERY
Oifauc
X
,
InMtank
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSTION
Pump*!*
Nwpmpable
-
TREATMENT
Fud
Bkod.
. X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
i
•
.
-
X
X
X
Waste
Water
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Subflzaliou
X
X
DISPOSAL
UindfiH
DwpwcU
- '• • ' . '
'MAINE '-.'•' • .
let-line Service*, lac.
MED019051069
NEW HAMPSHIRE
No FeciUue.
.
RUODC ISLAND
Chem Pak Corp.
Euceoi •
RIDOS4S02S42
RlO9l09069t6
' ;
X
X
X
• '
X
!,
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTET
NAME
Northland EavirooimaUl lac. . •
EPA 10
RID040098352
Mclal
RECOVERY
Orgaok
-
VERMONT
No FacittiM
REGION II
NEW JERSEY
OMaucaJ WMU Maat««nMi Of NJ
CPdMnical
CPS CbMBical Co.. Inc.
D0gu*u Coip, Men Diviikm (RCRA Exempt)
Duponi E 1 D* Nwnoun ft Co . /
JohnioiiMaltiMy. be.
lohnKmMmlMy, lac. (RCRA Exempt]
M*ri*ol, lac.
RFEladufthM '
RoHim Eaviroaawiiul Service* (NJ), Inc.
SAW Wt*u, Inc.
S«f*ty-KlMaCorp.
S*f*cy-KlMa Cocp.
V«nf«ri RMMrch (RCRA Ex»anK|
NIDM9216790
NJDOOQU1950
NJD002U1190
NID002 195303
NJD00238S730
NJO000692I94
NJD9S0755367
NJD0024S4S44
NJD05S0908I5
NJD0532M239
NJD99129I10S
NJD0021S2>97
' NJD069039626
NJD990753493
NEW YORK
Aihland CtMmic«l ' •
AT&T NUMU M«Ub {RCRA EXMtyt)
BMtmuBrot.
C*CCM laMrmiMMttl lt>c-
CMUUMd
ClMaucal M
X
X
X
X
-^
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
f
.
"*
X
^--
_.
. X
•'
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE*
NAME
CWM Chmical Stniem , '. !v_"
KBF Pollution IRCRA EkMnpl .
LaidIaw(BDT)
LEA Rood .
Mercury iafining Coopiny. be.
NoriiU Corporation (TtMnmUUm) ' .
NonfafM EoviroooMoUJ S«rvkw Inc.
Rvotocircuiu Corp.
Prid» SnlvKl Aad Chacaical Cajmc.
/
SCI SyMMM. lac. •
iotomm Aa< Mi iiliiia ***** toe. • •
•M»U«v«My KlMB Eavwn^MH»(Dondo)
EPA ID
NYD049836679
NYDM 11 12769
NYD000632372
NYD001325661
NYOOai4«175
NYD080469935
NYDOS7770109
NYDOM920M3
NYDOS772225*
NYDN227179)
NYDOI3277454
NYD07I600100
NYD005920194
PRD09039971S
PRD9II 11242)
RECOVERY
IVMal
X
'-
X
X
X
Orgak
X
• '
, X
X
X
X
X
laerfank
*•
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSTION
Ptunprtri*
Incin
BIF
-
NcwpumiMbk
Incin
Incin
TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.
X
X
X
• x
Waste
Water
X
X
X
-
' X
X
Stabilization
X
i.
DISPOSAL
Landfill
X
x
Deepwcil
.
• t
REGION ni ' . *" •
MSTBHT OP COLUMMA . .
NoFtcililiM
DELAWARE .
NoFwililM.
MAKYLAND
Clacn lUctran Eav. Svc*. Co., Inc.
PENNSYLVANIA
ftotitMum Apptratut Cooip«ny, Inc.
Cclgon C»rboo Cuip
MDD98055SU9
s
PA0002390961
PAD000736942
X
X
' •
X
_
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE"
NAME
Ctpiul Ptiti Wuhan, Inc.
CbraiicAl Wute Mgt. (D*i»w«ra Coofiimr Co. -Inc.)
EMI taut Minufrctiuiat [RCRA Exwapt)
Eaviril* Corporation
EavinXrol lac.
Ocmchm, Inc. •
Eud* (Q«Mnl BuUty Corp.)
Hircrot Pifraeati, Inc.
HofMbwd RMOUIC* D«v. Co., Inc.
Innwlco (RCRA Exempt)
lUyMOM C«mat Comp«ay |CK)
MwkiwCMMttCo. |CK]
Mill S«CVK», he.
Molycorp, lac.
R«p ublk EaviioaaMaul 8yit«nn, lac. (Wuu Convcnion)
WRC ProcMiing
VIRGINIA
Brip»r EavirooaMUl (CbMaiul Wuu Muuftmeat. lac.)
DyiMciiMB, lac.
ERC Pn-TiMtaM»l Facility
PtUUimn CbMMcal CotpontkM
soiiu IAKI
"Soiiu (OU PUat) |AK|
WEST VIRGINIA
A^ufpnu* SyMMM. IM
EPAID
PAD9S7332343
PAD064375470
PAD002330165
PAD010154045
PAD9807070T7
PAO009439662
PAO9907S3M9
PAOOQ239154S
PAD002395887
PADOT7561015
PAD0023I9SS9
PAD083965J97
PAD004835146
PAD03006S2S2
PAOMS690592
PAO98103S227
VAO9U17S05S
VADIOSI3U74
VADOS62937I9
VAO0031 11416
VAD04W7052I
VAO042755082
WVDMIIOTtOO
.
RECOVERY
Metal
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Orftac
•• X
X
,
X
X
X
laor&mic
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSHON
Punirtte
BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF
Noapmpable
-
TREATMENT
Fud
Bknd.
X
*
X
Waste
Water
X
X
X
X
sttmiiTufi^ii
'-
X
X
.
X
'
-
X
DISPOSAL
LaodfiU
-
Deepwdl
!
-
:
-
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSATFACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE"
NAME .
REGION IV • •••-.••
ALABAMA . '
Allied Chemical Corp. (Albed-Sifnel Tar Prod.)
All Wortb Ederpruet. lac.
Chemical Wuta Meaafemeot, lac.
Fuhar ladnauial Service, be.
Lafaif e (Meduia)
M&M Chemical * Equipment Company, Inc.
Sanden Lead Compaay
Syetech Eevimnmentil Corporation /
fLOUDA
nrf.i.nin..^in.im , .
EovifoMcfcSlbM
Florida Soot* (AK) ' .
loduetriel Water Service*, be.
Uidlaw EvfuoMaealal Service. Of Bartov
Otdover Cotfonuoa
SpaifcleCoip
GEORGIA
Alienate Energy Reeourcaa, be.
Chemical Conservation Of Oeorju, inc.
MCF Syammt Atlanta, be ^
Chemical Waete Mar (Ohm ReHMirca Recovery Corp.)
Th-Malt Sleel Drum. be.
EPA ID
RECOVERY
Metal
OrgMk
,-*-*
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSTION
PumpaMe
Nonpumpabfe
TREATMENT
Bteod.
Waste
Water
StabaUation
'
ALD03I499S33
ALD094476793
ALD000622464
ALD9I1020S94
ALD0671 19966
ALDO70513767
ALD04MSI032
ALD9S1019M5
X
FLD067230771
FLD9MI6I112
FLD101I77I76
PLD004059085
FLD9SI92S4M
FLDM10H273
FLD9S07296IO
FLD0007373I2
FLD9t2121592
OAD033582461
OA00933S0814
OAD9S 1269095
OAD096629282
OAD033I42543
X
-.
X
X
X
X
-X
X
X
X
X
X
BIF
*
BIF
Incin
^
. *
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X .
X .
'
.' •
-
X
X J
X
DISPOSAL
UwdTil
D.^.
X
1
-
.
•< . '
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE'
(
NAME
EPA ID
KENTUCKY
t * -
AiochMii (M & T ChMoicAl)
C«JjooCoq> ' • .
Enviromneau! Conservation SyMcou, Inc. (Oldovw) .
Kentucky Soliu Coqraniioa |AK|
Kytat Oil Inc.
LouirvilU Eavrioamaalal Swvicw (B-T Eittrgy)
L.W.D., lac.
Safoy-UMnCotp.
Misasswn ' /
EoUfpriM Bacovwy
NORTH CAROLINA
C«robM Sobt* (AK|
EeoSo. toe.
DMKX (Oold SfcMd SolvwM Div.)
Httiteg* EwiroonMaUJ Swviow, Inc.
UidUw Envifoaaxnul S«r»ieM (to). Inc.
Oldovw Caiponlioa .
SOUTH CAROLINA
CP Clxabcdi
EatUtafd Cotpontioe
OUm CMMOI CoavMy. Inc. |CK|
OSX SMvctMOfScMb CanliM. lac.
Laidlw Fn iiiii»n«i«il S«vkw> lac.
Ufa? U«M Corp
KYD006373922
KYOOQ5009923
KYD000770313
KYD05956C220
KYDOOOS21942
KYD079661146
KYDMM3M17
KYD05334SKU
MSD000693176
MSD077655r76
NCD003 152642
NCD980S42132
NCD049773245
NCD12I700777
NCD00064S451
NCD000773655
SCD07037UIJ
SCDMIS66007
SCDOQ335I699
SCO0703759S5
SCO9II467616
8CO0779M4U
„
RECOVERY
Matal
Or|«ak
""**
CAP. MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSTION
Pumpkin
NoapMi|Mbk
TREATMENT
Fuel
Bfaod.
x'
X
X .
.'
X
X
X
X
X
"*•
Incin
Ineia
B1F
Bff:
BIF
locin
Incin
'
Incin
X
X
X
X
Waste
Water
X
X
' • •
. *
X
X
X
X
, BIF
-'
X
Stabilization
'
•
X
X
.
X
X '
DISPOSAL
Landfill
'
v
-
X
Deepwdl
,
. .
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE:
NAME
Satey-kbM/HoimnCMMat . . •
SouttMMKra CbmiMl Coapuy - Oami
ThMiulKEM. tee. _
TENNESSEE
AUworth (SoiMhdowa EaviroaawaUl Sy««iM. Inc.)
Dixi* C«mtot Company. Inc. |CK|
Oaoml Snckittf * RWuinx. Inc.
Honctmd Rnourc* D*v. Co., lac. [RCRA Exempt]
UudUw Eovironmaul Scrvktt (gi), Inc.
/
Ludbw EavirooBMoul SMVKM of Nuhvilk (OKO, Inc.)
LwdUw Env. 8wv. (WT) Inc. (Tiieil Env. S«rv.)
Rafioed Moult :
REGION V
ILLINOIS '
AnMficM CbwnioJ It R*fiaia(
AmwicMi WMU ProcMttng, Ud.
Bwoa BUkMl**
>
BMVM- Oil Co., be.
Bcfcr Pncioui Mmb
Cralury (Southdown EaviroooMaul Sy««m», Inc.) •
Chemic«l Wuu M«Mg«m«al, lac. - CID
CUyloo CbMtucal Corapuiy
Eaucb (CP laociuiu)
EnviriU CoipanlioB
H«iui|« EaviroaoMaUJ Swvic««. Inc.
HacMbMd RMUUTC* O*v. Co., IDC.
EPA ID
SCD003368B91
SCD036275626
. SCD044442333
•
TND9H920119
TND106203375
TND00404S690
TND982I44099
TNO0006M321
TNDM1922I26
TND000772277
TND067690040
IL000067S249
njxxxni6S94
ILO05193706I
ILO0644I83S3
ILO00693S57I
ILO099215303
ILO0102I424S
ILO0669I8327
ILD062480850
ll tXXXKJtfMvi
ILOOS5349264
IL0040I9I3M
Mttal
X
X
. X
X
X
X
RECOVERY
Oifuk
X
X
X
X
X
X
lMt|Mk
V
'
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSTION
PumiMble
BIF
loc in
NonfuBp*Ue
Incin
BIF
•
*
• -
BIF
-
BIF
•
TREATMENT
FVd
Blend.
X
X
Wane
Water
•x
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
StiMKratran
-
X
X
DISPOSAL
Landfill
Deepwdl
X .
\
• -
-•
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Mir-Cor lodimri**, lac. ' ••
Ptoria DupOMl Co. (pdc)
Reconuk, Inc.
Safey-UMO Coip. . " .
Satoty-UeMCoip.
Safaty-ktoaaCoip.
. Tnd* WUM InciaenUao (Cfcamkal WuM Manag.)
• UaittMl B«*~~ A Saahint
INDIANA
EBUtOC (CiMii*. L»)
- - " M -— •-
D^o-^«
HwtUf* EaviraoHMHl l«vioM. lac.
Hydrit* Cb«Dic«l Co. (AvMfie ladMlriM)
ladum faduMMl PMax lac.
Itthutiul BMb A RMOUTCM, lac.
Lone Sur bdwIiiM (SyMdi Eav.) |CK| (NOT USED IN
CAP1
Muoo Moult . .
M«U1 Wottini UibricaatiCo.
PaUuUoa Control Of ladiuM. Inc.
QuemMco [RCRA ExMnptl
Reclaimed Energy ,.
EPA ID
ILD9M77469S
DJDOOOI05812
ILD9S4766279
HDOQS450697
ILDOOOI0591I
U-DW06I3913
0X1091642424
ILDOUM7630
D400030SI543
IND07B911146
IND09t95t2<3
INDMITttoft!
040000717959
INDOI56I6I37
IND093219012
M09t4MS)4t
INDOaS26l623
IND9MS90947
WD0064I9212
INDOOS460209
IND000646950
IND000646943
INDOOOI99653
IN0000780403
Metal
X.
X
•
X
,
X
X
X
X
RECOVEBY
Ofgank
X
X .
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
iMOrgMIC
-
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSnON
Pumpalil*
facia
BIF
BIF
Noapwipabtf
Incin
BIF
TREATMENT
futt
Blend.
X
,
X
X
.X
X
Waste
Water
-
X
X
X
X
ftnlriliiaiKMi
X
• 1
•
X
X
-
. .
'
DISPOSAL
Landfill
X
- X
DcepwtU
-
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Refined M*Ul* - •'••"
Kbooo-Pouicoc Btuic Comic*! Co. (SAP)
SiCtcy KUm Oil Recovwy " "
MICHIGAN
AS Hog, Inc.
Cboat-nxl ServicM, lac.
City Enviroameaul, Inc.
City EaviroamuUl. lac.
City Envkoonttnul be. - CftUhta
Cyuokem .'' .• • . /
/
Drug A Ubontory Dnpoul, lac.
Dyatcol, fate.
Edwudi Oil Service, Inc.
EnvifMMMMl Wuw Coouol Inc.
O*S* Product* (BLRJ
D^nx - Gold Shirid SofoaU Div.
Uf«|*|CKl
M*ridui EavirooaiMUl S«vic«f, Inc.
Michi(*a DupoMl, Inc.
MicJiifu Recovery Sy««ni. Inc.
pMio-Chim CoaipUx
PMro-OMm Camptax Soly«Dl OiMilkn
PVS Chakak toe UkfaitM
rntbc
VwWiici* CM Uc
W»yM DMfu«*l, IK .
EPA ID
INO0007U130
INDOOII59032
O4D0770C034
MID9I10946IS
MID096963194
MID0546I3479
MID9I0991566
MJD0065233I5
MOD09IOU992
MID092947928
MID074259S6S
MIDOU7S46M
MID057002602
MID00533UOr
M1D09IMS972
MIDOOS379607
MID9II 192011
MID000724&3I
MID060975M4
M1D980615298
M1D9S06M018
MIOM1 193936
M1DMSMM29
MIDOOM IOJ77
MirtfllHTffWill
RECOVERY
Metal
X
;
X
f
OtiMk
X
,
-
X
X
X
•X
X
-
X
X
Inoigank
X
X
I
s
X
X
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSTION
PumiMfale
BIF
Novpvmpable
BIF
1
"
-
TREATMENT
fwi
Bind.
X
X
X
Waste
Water
.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
S^thilnatiftft
DISPOSAL
Landfill
X
X
. X
X
'
X
.
X
Dwpwdl
'
"
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE?
NAME
MINNESOTA
EflvirodMm lac.
Oaphtc Soaking Aad ftcfiuof Co JRCRA EMOpt)
Pwwoil
U 9 Fillv fcacnvm WYITM Im- '
OHIO
Cbmieil SolvMU
CNmicd Wuw MMMfMMflt, be.
Cbemtroo Corp.
CUit PrnriMiag. be - • /
Chan Haibon Bo*. *VM. Co.. be.
CWMlMOMMtexnwy.be.
Eatbtwook. tee.
EcokMc (Kapvbtie Bwr. llyMMBi)
EavM* CotporaMM
iaviraMfc S«rvic«« Of Okia, bo.
Ev«f>Ma EmuuMMrtil Group, be.
H"kiM Clmnk •) CorpamitM
Klor KlMa lac.
Ltfugt (CK)
Libctty Solvcnu A ChMntob Co., be.
MaMwMeult
North £•« Chemical Cofpontioa .
Rewareh Oil Cooipuiy
EPA ID
MNDM0996S05
MND006I48092
MNDQ062246I2
MND9tl09M7>
OHD980897656
OHDQ20273II9
OHOOMOC0609
OHD004274031
OHD0007241S3
OHD093M5293
OHD0007240M
OHO9M700M2
OH09W36S992
OHDOW377010
OHD9MM323? '
OHD045243706
OHD055522429
OHD00192o740
OHD9SOS2IM2
OHOOOS048947
OHD05232454*
OHD0976I3S7I
OHD9S068IS7I
OHD004I78612
M
-------
1^94 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAT^ACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE"
NAME
• *
ROM Incinmiioa Sarvic«t, lac. .
SrfMy-KlMaCofp. - - ' "• '
Spring On>v« R«totuc« bcovtry (Southdown Eav. Syt)
SyMecb . •
Tricil Eaviromwatil SMVICM Inc.
Wart* TtchanlnfiM ladiMUict (WTI)
WCISUdloc.
wiscoNsm
»
AAU«d rv^ni^ti ,
dManol WMU MU^MMOI. lae. /
EDO *itwntmtttt\ lacafponMd
HydriM ChtaieW Co. , ' •
Ilihraub* lataau Aad Ch«Dic«U Co«p.
Mi«Ml Sprug* Cocponboa
SifMy-kbMCocp.
Scfcqr^lMaCaip.
Win* RMccrdt ft RtcUmuioo r" , l»c.
WU FuMblukini
REGION VI .
ARKANSAS
AjbOn>v«C«neolCo. |CKJ
EIIMO, be.
LOUISIANA
AJfmd'i PractMor S«ln/S«(vieM (RCKA BxMBp*|
AMAX tfatol IUeov«y. lac.
EPA ID
OHDOm 15665
OHD9U5S7364
OHDOOM16629
OHDOOSOa947
OHOMI290611
.OHO9U6I354I
OHD060409521
WID0536S9196
WDX)03967ia
WID9II5I0056
WIDOOMOSI24
WID0233S0192
WID9U566543
WTO980»96633
WID9S1097769
WID99M2947S
WIDI02220704
ARD9I1512270
ARO06974SI92
AROMIOSTSTO
LADOI7029872
LAD05M72721
RECOVERY
IVfaUl
X
•x
Organic
X
'
X
X
X
*- '
X
iMCiaMC
X
>
'
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSTION
PnaiMbU
• locin
Incia
lacin
Bff
Incia
NfmminnaMf
Incia
bcio
TREATMENT
FaH
Blend.
X
X
, X
-
Bff
Incin
-
. '
X
X
X
X
-
X
Waste
Water
X
X
X
X.
X
X
StitHKritimi
X
X
X
>
DISPOSAL
UmUill
_
DetpweU
-------
T994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSATTAGILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Caulyal Racov«y • .-.''.
1 . T
Chemical Wuu Maatfwmal, Inc.
EvanpliiM Medical A X-ny Dimibtttot* (RCRA Exempt)
Leidlew Eaviroa. Service* (RAD ftbricatia*. A Mft)
Inuiiiem X-Rey Acoeetorie*. lac (RCRA Eumpc]
N«w OriMM SiivwiatfH (RCRA EiMnpl)
Pun SoJv», lac. (RCRA Euapt]
Ph'^Mh-PHnittflf Rtiif f\tfirirrfr ^^
/
RoUioi EoviraoiBMUl SMVICM Of La, Inc. /
Rolliiw EavinmaMOUU tavicM (U). IDC.
SdtuyUuU M««J* (MRE)
UOP Sbnv^xxt Hut [RCRA Exra?c|
X-ny Unlimited, lac. [RCRA Exmpt)
X-ny Udiovtod lac. [RCRA Exempli
NEW MEXICO
Cbiao MUM* Coopuiy (RCRA Exempt]
SoutfawMl Radiognpnic* . '
OKLAHOMA
Cawf Supply Cotpontioo
HydcounooRwyctan (USPCt-HJU)
RMi^ul TccaaoiogiM Inc.
USPCl-Lod* Moutfaio
EPA ID
LAD940622161
LADOOOT77201
LAD9I1589542
LAD07946469S
LAD9tiOSS791
LAD9I519I447
LAD9t 1152903
LAD9S1S12627
LADOM161234
LAD00077I5U
LAD010395127
LADOM1M137
LADOS7I09449
LAD9I1513021
LAD9J5170299
NMD007396930
NMD09713UI2
OKD089761290
OKD000632737
OKDOOM02396
OKD065431376
TEXAS
AUwMt* Raoovtry
Alpha OM«* RKyclu« lac
TXD102599339
TXDMI5I43U
RfiCOVEBY
MctaJ
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Oifanic
-
X
•"
X
X
~.
Inoifaak
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSTION
Ptmpabb
Incin
.
Incio
MfmninaaMr
X
X
locin
"
X
X
X
-
-••
BIF
TREATMENT
Kid
Blend.
X
X
X
W*sle
Water
X
X'
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
StaJNKialimi
X
. • •*
•
DISPOSAL
Landfill
X
**
X
X
X
X
Dcepwdl
. -
X
X
, *
X
X
s
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
V
Chemical Recbinttioa S«v. (Southdown Env. Syt.)
Cbonical WuU MUM|«DM(. lac. •' "
ClMmkml Wul* MtMfMMftt, Inc.
Dctnx (Oold SltMtf SoKdM Dhr.)
Dupowb Syiuin*. Inc. (ONI Group, be.) , ' ' '
Emp«k
Encycle/T«ut, lab.
Euracat U.t. bcofporaud
ONB Binmn he (RCRA liiimgil
/
£jM^Ml
••^^^^•i
in>np. be. (HEAT)
llm*^ !«»..,
Maioo lirvici Co.
NSSMUcov«y ttrnem, be.
«in(IF)
Parfc«a>
R«covwy tad RccUmttioa
Rhont-faulMK B«uc Ch»miri>i Co.
RoJlint EaviroonMauJ S*rvicM (U), be. '
SafMy-UMa Cotf. Dcoton Rtcycl* Ctettt
Soulhtro Cmliforaii CtMmicdt
SDC (Soutfaw«« Env. S«vic«*. be.)
TCXM Ecotogin, be.
EPA ID
TXD046M4700
TXD000761254
TXDOOOI3M96
TXD9S0626I54
TXD00071951I
TXD097673149
TXDOOSI 17116
TXD106S29963
TXO00643I090
TXOOQ0742304
TXD074I9S67S
TXDOOM9S249
TXOM062403S
TXD9U0870S2
TX000594I740
TX DM2560294
TXDOM0974»7
TXOOOS10S959
TXD9II514268
TXDOOI099079
TXD055M1378
TXD077603J7I
TXD047I23265
TXD03092336I
TXD0694S2340
Metal
X
X
X '
X
X
X
X
RECOVERY
Organ*
X
x'
.X
X
X '
. -
X
-
X
laorpwk
.-
-
*
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSTION
PunjMbl*
bcin
-
'
- •
*
•
BIF
Incin
bcin
NwpoHpable
bcin
i
-'
.
1
bcin
^ .
TREATMENT
FWI
BbMl.
X
X
X '
' X
X
N
Waste
Water
' ' •
X
-
X
X
*1»Hlt7»1iX
\ .
••
~
••
X
DeepweO
X
X
' -
X
X
-
X
X
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
/•
\ • ' .
NAME
• , v
TXI. Inc.ffecM ladutfriM) (CKJ ' ''
TrMtnwd On*
USPCI
REGION VII
IOWA
NoithlMxi Product!
Joba OMI« Wtfwloo Wocfci
KANSAS
Ap«u», Inc. .
AID Grow* CwmotPUal |CKJ /
HMitlud/SuranMtEov. Coip. |CK] /•
UbiB* Cotp. |CK]
Sy«*ch rnvimmmntil Cmpon&on .
USPCI
MISSOURI - -
Buitingtoo EaviraoMMUl
Coaio«nlil Ctaatet (UFfc, Inc.) 1CK)
Do* Run Co. IRCRA Eurap«|
EIMX Wuu Mjoat. SWVMM, lac.
HtTtnf"" WMU RMovwy. lac.
H*hug* EoviioomnUl S«rvic«t. lac.
ICI Ex)>
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASflT
. NAME
NEBRASKA ' • , '.
A4i Orav* C«n«Ml PUnt .
Bcov» (Wuu T«ch SWVKM)
REGION VU
COLORADO
EoviroMrv*, Inc.
Hwy. 36 Ltnd Dcwfepatot Co.
Cfaminl WMW Mmtf Miwot (Oil A SutvnM Protm O>.)'
/
EPA ID
NEO007260672
NED91 17235 13
COD9I37M688
COD99I300484
COD9W9911M
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES . -
Metal
X
MONTANA
AMTOO . . /
MTD006230346
X
RECOVERY
Oizmnk
X>
Inorgllic
COMBUSTION
PUBptte
BIF
Incin
Noopumpkble
BIF
Incin
'
-
^
NOKTB DAKOTA , '
No F»nihli.i ' . •
.
TREATMENT
FM
Blend.
X
X
Waste
W«ter
^fthilhatittfl
DISPOSAL
Landfill
DecpweU
X
X
X
X
X
X
SOUTH DAKOTA
|il_ •»-_:*L>!^-
IW PBRHBM ,
UTAM
Apkw.be.
Kntiinid Cotponboa (caldyM i»oov«iy)
uspa
USPCICtiv*
WYOMING
No FtcilittM
'
UTD9SI5S2I77
UTD009073MO
UTD99I30174I
UTD9t259579S
i
REGION IX
ARIZONA
Allied Pracioui Mcub R«cye, lac.
Cyprus MUcni Mining Cofpontioa
•Recyclioi Re4outc«t, Inc. .
AZTOMKI1068S
AZD060624251
AZD0493 18009
"
X
Incin
Incia
-
Incin
Incin
X
X
.)
X
,
-
1
X
X
'
X
X
X
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSATFACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WAST^
NAME
RinchemCo . ' -
Romic Chtmicil Cocp. •
WeiUUi Ctrboo-iriioo*
Worid RnourewCo. (WRC)
CALIFORNIA
AAA Dulnbutioa/Dty Cl««n Serv.
Amcricia Divinifwd SUvw, Inc.
AppropiuU Technologic* (AFTEC)
B«y
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
- NAME
Micro MeuUk* Coipontioa
Noni* Environraenul Service*
Oil « Solvent Proceu Co. (OSCO)
Omega Recovery Service* Coipontioa
Pepper Oil Co. . .
'Peto'tMeul Reclemtlion ,
PC P ladiulrie* Inc
Photo WMU Recycling Co.. Inc.
QueaMco • '
Quick Silver Producu '
Oil ProceM Co. (Rollins OPQ lac.
RhoCbem
Rotate Caemice.1 Corp.
Safery-UeenCorp.
Soudiern California Chatnictb • '
Sununit Enviroomeotel Coiporalion
Supehor Indiuthei loUroetio
Sytucb Eaviroomeaul Corp ./NeiioniJ Cement •
Techakhem. lac.
TSM Recovery end Recycling Co.
USPC1 Solvent Service Co., Inc.
EPA ID
CAD069124717
CAD097030993
CAD008302903
CAO042245001
CAUW004174»
CAD9SI6S5472
CAD06039S229
CAO981 161367
CAD066233966
CAD981424732
CAD050106850
CADOOU64437
CAD0094S2657
CAD093<59485
CADOM4H025
CAD0894467IO
CAD050809177
CATOI0031628
CAD9II37S9S3
CAOI08040858
CAD059494310
N
Metal
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
RECOVERY
Organk
X
X
X
X
X
X
'
X
x- .
••organic
X
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSTION
PianpaM*
•
•
\
BIF
Noopompable •
TREATMENT .
Fud
Wend.
Waste
Water
X
X
X
X
' •
X
X
Stabiluatiou
X
DISPOSAL
Landfill
DetipweO
-
'
\
HAWAII . .
Unilek Environmental Service, Inc.
NEVADA
Elicam |MR NOT USED IN CAP]
US Ecology. Inc.
HIT000603514
NVD980I95338
NVT3300IOOOO
-
X
X
BIF
X
X
X
X
-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
EPA ID
McUl
REGION X .
ALASKA
Alufca Pollution Control
AKD9830686SS
IDAHO .
Eovirouft SWVICM Of Idtno, Inc.
IOD073 114654
RECOVERY
Orfawc
iMifaok
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
COMBUSTION
Pwapftble
OREGON
Ownicd WMM Mgnl of UM NorfewMt :
Urty FrMfKxx lac. (RCRA Exwnpt)
Tefcirooix. IDC.
WASHINGTON
lur Zi-c
•MIUCI.* [imflMmMMl
r-rt..Uitn-.r-.u-nit
r-^-Tj- TTr-- 1
BuHiaftoo Eav»rir»iKil - OwcfMawn Fwil.
Ctmcroo- Y*luaM lac
NorthwMt Eaviro S«rvic«. lac.
CtetnCan (NodfcwMi ProrMiim)
Pttrohum lUcUunioc SctvicM, lac .
SOL-PRO. Inc.
:
ORDM94S2353
ORO9I0979S46
ORD009020231
WAD0275J0426
WADOOOS12917.
WAO9912SI767
.WAD02025794J
WAD092300250
WAO0008I2909
WAO0094T717S
WAOOSS367I52
WAD9S073ISI2
WAD9S051I729
WAD9S 17691 10
' . X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Noopumf«bie
TREATMENT
Pnd
Wend.
Waste
Water
.Stabilization
DISPOSAL
Landfill
" '
X .
Deepmll
•
X
X
x -
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-------
Appendix E
-------
Management Categories -
Discussion of Technologies . •
For each of the 12 CAP Management Categories, the main technologies used for each category are described, including the
types of waste recovered, treated or disposed. Each CAP Management Category is comprised of a number of waste
management technologies that are generally interchangable for managing broad types of wastes based on treatment
performance.
Metals Recovery • . .
Metals Recovery Technologies
Metals recovery technologies are designed to separate desired metals from other constituents of hazardous wastes. The most
common technologies, which are described below, are high temperature metals recovery, retorting, secondary smelting, ion
exchange, and acid leaching.
High temperature metals recovery is used to treat hazardous wastes that contain metals such as cadmium, chromium, lead,
nickel, and zinc compounds. Metals are separated from the waste at high temperatures through a thermochemical process
using carbon, limestone, and silica as the chemical agents. The constituents being recovered from the waste are heated so th
they melt and/or volatilize and can be recovered in metallic or oxide form from process vapors or from a molten bath. The
high temperature metals recovery process typically consists of a mixing unit, a high temperature processing unit, a product
loilectioh system, and a residual treatment system. Other,volatile metals, such as arsenic or antimony, may be difficult to K
separate from the desired metal products and may adversely affect die ability to reuse the recovered materials. Stag, the
primary residual from the process, is sometimes cooled in a quench tank and reused either directly or after further processinj
or, if the, material has no recoverable value, it is land disposed after necessary treatment.
Retorting is similar to high temperature metals recovery in that it provides for recovery of metals from wastes primarily by
volatilization and subsequent collection an condensation of the volatilized components. It is used primarily to remove
elemental mercury, as well as mercury present in the oxide, hydroxide, and sulfide forms from hazardous wastes.
Secondary smelting is also very similar to high temperature metals recovery, but is generally used for processes that recover
lead from hazardous wastes. In this process, waste passes through a smelting furnace where the lead is concentrated into a
bullion and separated from slag in molten form.
Ion exchange is primarily used to treat aqueous hazardous wastes with dissolved metals. These wastes might also contain
nonmetallic anions such as halides, sulfates, nitrates, and cyanides, and water soluble ionic organic compounds. In ion
exchange metals recovery, hazardous metal ions are removed and replaced by nonhazardous ions. .
• • • . /"• ' ' • ' '.
Acid leaching is used to treat hazardous wastes in solid or slurry form that either contain metal constituents that are soluble i
a strong acid solution or can be converted by reaction with a strong acid to a soluble form. The acid leaching process is mo;
effective with wastes that have high levels (over 1,000 parts per million) of metal constituents1. Leachate from acid leaching
generally requires further processing (e.g., ion exchange) to .recover metals from the solution.
J Treatment Technology Background Document, January 1991, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste,
page 184 .
-------
Kiorganics Recovery
Inorganics Recovery Technologies
v
Acid regeneration is the primary technology for inorganics recovery and is used to recover mainly halogen and sulfuric acids.
• These acids are recovered by halogen acid furnaces and sulfur recovery furnaces, respectively, which are regulated under the
Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (BIF) Rule. Halogen acid furnaces typically process chlorinated and brorhinated secondary
waste streams, with 20 to 70 percent halogen content by weight, to produce either hydrogen chlorine or hydrogen bromine4. '
Sulfur recovery furnaces are used by sulfuric acid plants to process used suifuric acid and other sulfur-containing wastes.
Typical acid contaminants include organics, inorganics, and water. The contaminated acids and other halogen- or sulfur-
containing compounds are thermally decomposed at elevated temperatures and the desired halogen or sulfur compounds
captured from the exhaust gases, such as by passing the gases through converted catalyst beds.
Organics Recovery
' Organics Recovery Technologies \ . . •
Organics recovery technologies are used to separate liquid organic wastes, primarily spent solvents (both halogenated and
nonhalogenated), for full or partial recovery. The most common technologies, described below, are distillation and solvent
extraction. Other technologies include waste oil recovery and non-solvents organic recovery.
Distillation is a thermal treatment technology applicable to the treatment of wastes containing organics that are volatile enough
to be removed by the application of heat. Constituents that are not volatilized may be reused or incinerated, as appropriate.
Distillation is the process of separating volatile materials using evaporation followed by condensation. The liquids to be
feparated must have different volatilities and the degree of separation of these liquids is limited by the difference in their
volatilities. Distillation for recovery can be limited by the presence of either volatile or thermally reactive suspended solids.
important distillation technologies are:
•Fractionation. This technology uses tray columns or packed towers equipped with a reboiler, condenser, and an
'accumulator. The process is not applicable for liquids with high viscosity at high temperature, liquids with a high
concentration of solids, polyurethanes, and inorganics. In general, the process is used where recovery of multiple constituents
is desired and the waste contains minimal amounts of suspended solids. This process achieves a high product purity.
t -
•Steam Stripping. This process is essentially fractionation with steam as heat source. It is typically applied to wastes with
less than 1 percent volatile organics3. ' *
•Batch Distillation. This technology uses a steam-jacketed vessel, a condenser, and a product receiver. Pressurized steam is
usually the source of heat , ' ,
•Thin Film Evaporation. This technology uses a steam-jacketed cylindrical vessel and condenser, where the material trickles
down the inside cylinder walls in thin streams, and a distribution device that spreads the film over the heated surface. It can
be used to treat highly concentrated organic wastes that contain low concentrations of suspended solids.
Solvent extraction is used to treat wastes with a broad range of total organic content, such as certain oil refinery wastes.
4 56 ER 7140
5 Treatment Technologies Background Document, page 135
-------
Constituents are removed from the waste by mixing it with a solvent that will preferentially dissolve the constituents of
concern. The selection of a solvent depends on its solubility with the organic compounds to be removed and the other
constituents in the waste. The waste and solvent must be physically immiscible so,that after mixing the two immiscible
phases can be physically separated bv gravity. The process can be either batch or continuous. The simplest, least effective
solvent extraction unit is a single-stage system (mixer-setter system). Other types of solvent extraction systems include multi-
stage contact extraction (basically a series of single-stage units), countercurrent multi-stage extraction columns, and centrifugal
contactors.
Stabilization/Chemical Fixation ' .
Stabilization and chemical fixation refer to treatment processes that chemically or physically immobilize the hazardous
constituents in a waste by binding the hazardous constituents into a solid mass. The resulting product has a low permeability
that resists leaching. . .
Stabilization is used to treat .wastes containing leachable metals and having a high filterable solids content, low organic carbon
content, and low oil and grease content. The leachable metals in a waste are immobilized following the addition of stabilizing
agents and other chemicals, and the resulting lattice structure and/or chemical bonds bind the metals to the solid matrix and
thereby limit the amount of metal constituents that can be leached. The process normally requires a weighing device, a
. mixing unit (typically commercial concrete mixers), and a curing vessel or pad. Advantages of stabilization include
inexpensive and plentiful raw materials and minimal pretreatment requirements. The main disadvantage is that the large
volumes of additives required greatly increase the waste volume to be disposed. The main stabilization technologies are:
•Lime-Based Pozzolan Process. This technology treats sludges and contaminated soils by adding large amounts of siliceous
(silica) materials combined with a setting agent such as lime, forming a dewatered stabilized solidified product. Contaminants
can include metals, waste oils, and solvents. Materials such as borates, sulfates, and carbohydrates interfere with the process.
•Portland Cement Pozzolan Process. This technology is similar to the lime-based pozzolan process except that the waste is
mixed with portland cement. The process is effective for metal cations, latex and solid plastic wastes. Large amounts of
dissolved sulfate salts or metallic anions (such as arsenate and borates) can interfere with solidification. Organic material,
lignite, silt, or clay in the wastes will increase setting time.
•Sorption. This technology, suitable for organics and inorganics, is commonly used to treat metal sludges removed from
aqueous waste streams. Contaminants are bound up in pozzolan-type matrices by physical or chemical sorption, yielding a
stabilized, easier to handle material. After treatment, the material is permeable and contains a high concentration of
contaminants at its surface; consequently, contaminants may leach.
Two types of high temptratun stabilization include vitrification and high temperature calcination. The vitrification process
involves dissolving the waste at high temperatures into glass or glasslike matrix. It is applicable to nonwastewaters containing
arsenic (usually in form of arsenate salts), other characteristic toxic metal constituents that are relatively nonvolatile at
operating temperature of the process, and certain wastes containing organometallic compounds. The process is not applicable
to volatile metallic compounds or wastes containing high levels of constituents that will interfere with the vitrification process,
such as chlorides and halogen salts. High temperature calcination, applicable to inorganic wastes that do not contain volatile
constituents, involves merely heating the material at high temperatures. The waste is sometimes blended with lime before
heating. The process removes water from the waste, converts hydroxides to oxides, and converts the waste into a coherent
mass, reducing surface area to minimum. /
Fixation processes are applicable to liquid, semi-liquid, or solid wastes that may leach hazardous constituents. The processes
can effectively treat a variety of hazardous wastes containing heavy metals, such as sludges from electroplating operations,
ion-exchange resins from water demineralization, spent activated carbon, pesticides, nickel-cadmium battery sludge, and
-------
pigment production sludge. The process involves grinding a dewatered waste, mixing the resulting particles with a hardening
resin, placing the mixture in a mold, and heating the material until it fuses. The product is hard, solid block with reduced
teachability potential, improved handling, and minimal volume increase (unlike conventional stabilization techniques). The
most serious drawback is uncertainty about long-term effectiveness.
In the main fixation technologies, asphalt-based and thermoplastic encapsulation, the dewatered waste is mixed within either
an asphalt bitumen, paraffin, or polyethylene matrix. These technologies are applicable to hazardous wastes that are complex
and difficult to treat, but should not be used for waste with high-water content, strongly oxidizing contaminants, anhydrous
inorganic salts, tetraborates, iron and aluminum salts, or volatile organics. ' . '
Another stabilization/fixation technology is polymerization. This technology has been applied to spills and used catalysts to
convert a monomer or a low-order polymer of a particular compound to a larger polymer. Larger polymers generally have
greater chemical, physical, and biological stability. The process is used to treat organics, including aromatics, aliphatics, and
oxygenated monomers such as styrene, vinyl chloride, isoprene, and aerylonitrile.
These technologies expand the volume of hazardous wastes to be disposed. The stabilization/fixation of characteristic
hazardous waste often generates residuals that are not characteristically hazardous and therefore can be disposed of in Subtitle
D landfills". .
Combustion-Pumpable and Combustion-Nonpuinpable
As explained in the text of the Report, EPA has reorganized the four incineration and energy recovery CAP Management
Categories into two categories: Combustion-pumpable and Combustion-Nonpumpable combustion. Combustion-Pumpable
includes energy recovery for liquids and incineration of liquids and gases. Combustion-Nonpumpable includes energy
recovery and incineration for solids and sludges.'
Combustion Technologies . . •
Energy recovery systems bum hazardous, waste for its fuel value. The capacity to burn liquids as fuel dominates at a national
level, as sludges and solids are not often burned for recovery. Types of energy recovery systems are discussed below. See
the discussion of inorganics recovery and of fuel-blending for related topics. • .' '
•Industrial Kilns. Cement and lightweight aggregate kilns can bum liquid hazardous wastes for their heat value. (A few
cement kilns also burn small containers of viscous or solid hazardous waste fuels.) Typically, cement kilns blend the wastes
with fossil fuels while aggregate kilns burn 100 percent liquid hazardous waste.
i - .
' • ' i
•Industrial Boilers. Some industrial boilers can use limited amounts and types of hazardous wastes as supplements to fossil
fuels. The wastes are commonly blended before using as fuel.
\
All of these units which are currently burning hazardous waste are operating under interim status and have applied for RCRA
Part B permits. . • . , i
i . '
Incineration uses controlled, high-temperature combustion processes to break down the organic compounds in a hazardous
waste. The incineration of hazardous waste must be performed in accordance with the incinerator design and emmissions
regulations in 40 CFR, Subpart O. Incinerators can burn pumpable waste (liquids and gases), nonpumpable waste (solids and
sludges), or both. Several types of incinerators are discussed below. • '
•Liquid Injection Incinerators. These incinerators are used widely for destruction of liquid organic wastes. They operate by
spraying the waste mixed with air into a chamber where flame oxidation occurs.
-------
Rotary Kilns. Rotary kilns can treat most types of solids, liquids, and gases. They consist of a long inclined tube where the
waste is placed and rotated slowly as heat is applied. The process is intended for solids, but liquids and gases can be mixed
with the solids.
•Fluidized-bed Incinerators. Air is blown through a granular bed (usually sand) until the particles are suspended and move
and mix like a fluid. The heated particles come in contact with the wastes to be incinerated and improve the heat transfer.
This type of incineration is ideal for sludge and slurries.
Other types of incinerators include two-stage and fixed hearth. . • '
\
.The ash produced from the combustion of hazardous waste also may be hazardous, and therefore must be further treated by
stabilization before disposed in a landfill. ' ' ,
Fuel Blending -
Fuel blending is the process of blending hazardous waste streams together, generally in tanks, to,obtain a fuel that meets the
specifications of fuel burners (e.g., energy recovery systems). Fuel blending is not a stand-alone treatment technology; the
resulting fuels are subsequently burned, either on or off site, by the systems described under the Combustion-Pumpable and
Combust ion-Nonpumpable CAP Management Categories.
Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges Treatment .
i . *'
This CAP Management Category covers a broad range of treatment technologies and treats the largest volume of hazardous
taste of any CAP Management Category. Wastes that are treated in this category either undergo further treatment (under
is or other CAP Management Categories) or are sent for disposal. Many of these technologies are used together in one
treatment system (e.g., chrome reduction followed by chemical precipitation); The discussion of these technologies is
organized by the principal type of waste treated: 'aqueous inorganic, aqueous organic, aqueous inorganic and organic, sludge,
and other. • -
Aqueous Inorganic Treatment ,
Chrome reduction (hexavalent) is applicable to wastes containing hexavalent chromium wastes, including plating solutions.
The process uses a chemical reaction with a reducing agent, such as sulfur dioxide or sodium bisulfite, to reduce chromium
from a hexavalent to a trivalent state, so that the chromium can be more easily precipitated. The reduced chromium
compounds are precipitated from the solution by raising the pH and the resulting insoluble form of chromium is allowed to
settle from the solution. ' L ' - »
Cyanide destruction is applicable to wastes containing high concentrations of cyanide, such as concentrated spent plating
solutions. This technology is often applied as pretreatment prior to chemical oxidation. The waste is subject to electrolytic
reaction with dissolved oxygen in an aqueous solution and broken down into carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and ammonia. The
procedure is conducted at elevated temperature, depends on the conductivity of waste, and occurs in a closed cell. •
Chemical oxidation changes the chemical form of hazardous material through a chemical reaction with an oxidizing agent that
produces carbon dioxide, water, salts, and simple organic acids. Principal chemical oxidants include hypochlorite. chlorine
gas, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and potassium permanganate. This technology is used to treat wastes
containing organics, sulfide wastes, and certain cyanide and metal wastes;
Chemical precipitation is used to treat wastewaters containing metals and .other inorganic substances such as fluoride. The
process removes these metals and inorganics from solution in the form of insoluble solid precipitate by adding a precipitating
)
-------
(gent (e.g., lime, caustic (NaOH), sodium sulfide). The solids that form are then separated from the wastewater by settling,
clarification, and/or polishing filtration. Pretreatment may be required for some wastewaters, such as those that contain
chromium or cyanide. x ; '
Ion exchange is used to treat hazardous wastewaters with metals that are present as soluble ionic species, nonmetallic anions
such as halides, sulfates. nitrates, and cyanides, and water soluble ionic organic compounds. Typically, the waste constituents
are removed when a waste solution is percolated through a granular bed of-the ion exchanger, in which ions from the waste
are exchanged with those in the ion exchanger. .
Reverse osmosis involves a dilute solution and concentrated solution separated by a semi-permeable membrane. When high
pressure is added to the concentrated side, the solution flows through the membrane to the more dilute side, collecting waste
constituents that are unable to pass through the membrane. • '
Aqueous Organic Treatment . . .
Biological treatment processes are used to decompose hazardous organic substances with microorganisms. These processes
require stable operating conditions and usually take place in tanks or lagoons. The most common type is aerobic biological
treatment, including activated sludge treatment. This method treats wastewaters with low levels of nonhalogenated organics
and certain halogenated organics. ' .
> . / •
Carbon adsorption is used to treat aqueous organic wastewaters with high molecular weights and boiling points and low
solubility and polarity, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and aromatics (e.g., phenol). The wastewater is passed through activated
carbon beds which attract and hold (adsorb) the organic waste constituents (and possibly inorganics and metals), removing
hem from the water.
Air stripping is a process used to treat aqueous organic waste with relatively high volatility and low water solubility. The
volatile contaminants are evaporated into the air and captured for subsequent treatment. Steam stripping is used to treat
aqueous organic wastes contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatics, ketones, alcohols. This technology can treat
less volatile and more soluble wastes than air stripping and can handle a wide concentration range. First, steam is used to
evaporate volatile organics. The evaporated organics are then captured, condensed, and reused or further treated.
Aqueous Inorganic/Organic Treatment
Wet air oxidation is used to treat aqueous waste streams with less than five percent organics, pesticides wastes, and
wastewaters containing sulfur, cyanide, or phenolic compounds. It is not recommended for treating aromatic halogenated
organics, inorganics, or large volumes of waste. The aqueous solution is heated in the presence of compressed air and
dissolved or finely divided organics are oxidized. These oxidized products usually remain in the liquids phase. These liquids
can then further treated or sent for disposal. An important advantage of wet air oxidation is that it accepts waste with organic
concentrations ranging between those considered ideal for biological treatment or for incineration.
Sludge Treatment
Sludge dewatertng (sludge filtration) is used for wastes with high concentrations of suspended solids (generally higher than 1
percent). Sludges can be dewatered to 20 to 50 percent solids. The solid particles are separated from the waste through a
filter that permits fluid flow but retains the particles. For this technology, waste can be pumped through a porous filter,
drawn by vacuum through a cloth filter, or gravity-drained and mechanically pressured through two continuous fabric belts.
Solvent extraction is used to treat wastes with a broad range of total organic content, such as certain oil refinery wastes.
Constituents are removed from the waste by mixing it with a solvent that will preferentially dissolve the constituents of
-------
Jancern. The waste and solvent must be physically immiscible so that after mixing the two immiscible phases can be .,
physically separated by .gravity. " . .
Other sludge treatment methods include addition of excess lime or caustic to increase the alkalinity of the waste and
absorption/adsorption processed to remove liquid from the sludge. • ~
Other Wastewaters Treatment
Neutralization is used to treat waste acids and alkalies (bases) in order to eliminate or reduce their reactivity and
corrosiveness. In this process, an excess of acidic ions (H*) is balanced with an excess of base ions (OH') to form a neutral
solution. ,
Evaporation is physical separation of a liquid from a dissolved or suspended solid by adding energy to volatilize the liquid. It
can be applied to any mixture of liquids and nonvolatile solids. The liquid should volatilize at reasonable temperature.
j
There are many types of settling/clarification processes. One type is sedimentation, which is a gravity-settling process that
allows heavier solids to separate from fluid by collecting at bottom of a containment vessel such.as settling ponds or a circular
clarifier. Additional treatment is needed for the liquid and separated sludge. Flocculation is the addition of a chemical to a
waste to enhance sedimentation and centrifugation, primarily for inorganic precipitation.
Phase separation refers to processes such as emulsion breaking and filtration.' Emulsion breaking uses gravitational force to
separate liquids with sufficiently different densities, such as oil and water. This process is enhanced by adding certain acids.
Filtration is process of separating and removing suspended solids from a liquid by passing the liquid through a porous '
medium (see sludge dewatering). Polishing filtration, applied to wastewaters containing relatively low concentrations of
solids, is used after chemical precipitation and settling/clarification of wastewaters containing inorganic precipitates to remove
additional particles, such as those that are difficult to settle because of their shape or density.
Landfill
Land Disposal Methods
The landfill category includes landfill and surface impoundment disposal. Waste disposed in a landfill is placed on or beneath
the surface of the ground and covered with soil or other material, to isolate the wastes from the environment. Landfills are
required to have double liners, leachate collection systems, and ground-water monitoring programs. Wastes not permitted to
be disposed in landfills include bulk or non-containerized liquid nonhazardous and hazardous waste, or free liquids containing
hazardous waste. In addition, wastes such as acids must be segregated to prevent reactions with other wastes or waste
constituents. •'.....-''
A surface impoundment is a natural topographic depression, man-made excavation, or diked area, such as a pond, pit, or
lagoon, that can be used for disposal if the closure requirements for a landfill are followed. Surface impoundments are open
on the surface and are designed to accumulate organic and inorganic liquid wastes, sludges, and slurries. Surface
impoundments are now required to have double liners, leachate collection systems, and routine inspections6.
Under the RCRA Land Disposal Restriction (LDR) program, hazardous wastes generally cannot be disposed in landfills or
surface impoundments until after the waste has been properly treated. Thus, disposal facilities receive treatment residuals.
* 40 CFR 268.4
-------
Vuch as incinerator ash or.stabilized wastes7.
Data Issues
UnJike other CAP Management Categories, landfill capacity^ non-renewable; that is, landfill capacity used in one year is not
available in the next. (Thus, the units for capacity data are in tons not tons/year.) Without the addition of new landfill
capacity by the siting of new facilities or expansion of existing facilities, landfill capacity declines over time.
'The landfill capacity data include landfill cells that are not yet permitted, but are at landfills that are permitted and operating.
' Also, two states have imposed annual limits on the amount of hazardous waste that commercial landfills in their statesman
receive. The national assessment methodology assumes that these annual limits reflect the actual capacity in these states.
/
DeepweH/Underground Iiyection
DeepweU/underground injection is the disposal of hazardous wastewaters by injection into underground rock formations.
Wastes are injected through bored, drilled, or driven wells, or through dug wells where the depth of the well is greater than
its largest surface dimension. The disposal method relies on hydrogeological principles of the movement of liquids in layers
of deep underground rock; the most desirable injection zone has sedimentary rocks with sufficient permeability, thickness,
depth, and areal extent. Underground injection is most suitable for wastewaters that are low in volume and high in .
concentration, difficult and costly to treat by surface methods, biologically inactive, noncorrosive, free of suspended solids,
and unlikely to react adversely with the rock strata or the fluid used to pressurize the wells. Much of the waste is pretreated
to remove suspended solids or adjust the pH. As noted for the Landfill category, hazardous wastes generally cannot be
disposed in underground injection wells unless the applicable LDR treatment standards are met*. Capacity amounts are
letermined by permit. Note that many of the wastewater treatment technologies.are technically capable of also treating the
Wastes being disposed through deepwell and underground injection.
Land Treatment/Farming . " .
Wastes disposed by land treatment/farming must meet LDR treatment standards and land treatment facilities must meet
minimum technology standards9, his disposal method is only used at onsite and captive facilities; it is not used commercially
and the National Assessment does not include projections for this CAP Management Category. Land treatment/farming is
used to dispose of biodegradable hazardous wastes by depositing the wastes on or near the soil surface, mixing the wastes
with the soil using conventional plow techniques, and allowing the wastes to be naturally decomposed by microbes such as
algae and bacteria. The hazardous wastes, including organic liquid wastes and sludges, often require pretreatment before
disposal to reduce or eliminate their hazardous attributes. The effectiveness of waste degradation is affected by many factors
including the density and makeup of the microbe populations, which vary with soil depth and geographic location, and the
care given to the waste after being deposited. The regulatory standards for this technology require the owner or operator to
estabjish a program to ensure that hazardous constituents placed within the facility's treatment zone are degraded,
transformed, or mobilized within that zone10.
7 40 CFR 268.40
1 40 CFR 148.1
' 40 CFR 264.271
10 40 CFR 264.271
-------
Transfer/Storage
This CAP Management Category captures those hazardous wastes that are shipped off site to transfer facilities which store the
waste for short periods of time, sometimes bulking the waste with other shipments, and then shipping the waste to hazardous
waste management facilities. The hazardous waste must be stored for less than 90 days, or the transfer facility becomes
subject to the standards and permitting requirements for hazardous waste management facilities. If the waste is stored more
than 10 days (but less than 90 days), the transfer facility is subject to the storage requirements of RCRA Subtitle C. If the
waste is stored 10 days or less, the facility is subject only to transporter regulations11. Transporters that mix hazardous
wastes with different Department of Transportation (DOT) shipping descriptions in the same container are classified as
generators and must comply with the relevant RCRA Subtitle C regulations. s
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