530R95027
HllllMilll
PB95-230876
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR F001-F005 SPENT
SOLVENTS
(U.S.) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, DC
JUN 92
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service
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FINAL
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR
F001-F005 SPENT SOLVENTS
Richard Kinch
Chief, Waste Treatment Branch
Anita Cununings
Project Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
2800 Crystal Drive
Arlington, Virginia 22202
June 1992
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCnON , 1-1
1.1 Regulatory Background 1-3
12 Revisions to the F001-F005 Treatment Standards 1-7
1.3 Document Summary 1-10
2.0 DETERMINATION OF THE BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGY (BDAT) 2-1
2.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 2-1
22 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 2-6
23.1 Nonwastewaters . 2-6
222 Wastewaters 2-7
23 Determination of BDAT 2-7
23.1 Nonwastewaters 2-8
232 Wastewaters .- 2-8
3.0 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATABASE 3-1
3.1 Nonwastewater Treatment Performance Database 3-3
3.2 Sources of Wastewater Treatment Data 3-6
3.2.1 BDAT Database 3-6
322 WAO/PACT* Data 3-9
323 EAD Database-Promulgated Limits 3-10
32.4 NPDES Database 3-10
325 WERL Database 3-11
32.6 Leachate Treatment Performance Data 3-11
32.7 Other Sources 3-12
33 Wastewater Treatment Performance Database 3-12
33.1 Acetone 3-16
332 n-Butyl Alcohol 3-18
333 Carbon Disulfide 3-20
33.4 Carbon Tetrachloride 3-22
335 Chlorobenzene 3-24
33.6 meta/para-Cresol 3-26
33.7 ortho-Cresol 3-28
33.8 Cyclohexanone 3-30
33.9 12-Dichlorobenzene 3-31
33.10 Ethyl Acetate 3-33
33.11 Ethyl benzene 3-35
33.12 Ethyl Ether 3-38
. 33.13 faobutyl Alcohol ;. 3-40
33.14 Methanol 3-42
NW/NWO54
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
33.15 Methylene Chloride 344
' 33.16 Methyl Ethyl Ketone , 3-48
3.3.17 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 3-50
33.18 Nitrobenzene 3-52
33.19 Pyridine 3-54
33.20 Tetrachloroethylene 3-56
3.3 21 Toluene 3-59
33.22 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 3-63
3323 Trichloroethylene 3-66
33.24 Trichloromonofluoromethane 3-70
33.25 l,l,2-TrichJoro-l,2^-trifluoroethane 3-72
3326 Xylenes 3-74
4.0 SELECTION OF CONSTITUENTS FOR REVISED REGULATION 4-1
5.0 CALCULATION OF REVISED BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS 5-1
5.1 Calculation of Revised BDAT Treatment Standards
for Nonwastewater Forms of F001-F005 5-1
5.1.1 Methodology for Calculation of Treatment
Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of F001-
F005... 5-2
5.12 Treatment Standard Calculation Methodology
Using Data Transferred from K Wastes 54
52 Calculation of Revised BDAT Treatment Standards
for Wastewater Forms of F001-F005 5-5
5.2.1 Accuracy Correction Factors ... 5-5
522 Variability Factors 5-6
6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6-1
APPENDIX A - ACCURACY CORRECTION OF DATA
NU/NW-OS4
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms vi
1-1 Revised F001-F005 Treatment Standards 1-2
3-1 Wastes Tested by Incineration as Part of the Land Disposal
Restrictions Program 3-2
3-2 Summary of Detection Limits for Waste Constituents from
the Fourteen EPA Incineration Tests 3-5
»
3-3 Waste Constituents Detected in the Untreated or Treated
Wastes in One or More of the Fourteen Incineration Tests 3-7
3-4 Wastewater Treatment Performance Database Key 3-14
3-5 Key to Treatment Technologies 3-15
3-6 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Acetone 3-17
3-7 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for n-Butyl Alcohol 3-19
3-8 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Carbon
EHsulfide 3-21
3-9 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Carbon
Tetrachloride 3-23
3-10 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Chlorobenzene 3-25
3-11 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Meta/Para-
Cresol . 3-27
3-12 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Ortho-Cresol 3-29
3-13 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 3-32
3-14 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Ethyl Acetate .... 3-34
3-15 Whitewater Treatment Performance Data for Ethyl Benzene 3-36
1W/NW494
ill
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Page
3-16 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Ethyl Ether 3-39
3-17 Industry-Submitted Leachate Treatment Performance Data
for Isobutyl Alcohol 3-41
3-18 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Methanol 3-43
3-19 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Methylene
Chloride 3-46
3-20 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone 3-49
3-21 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Methyl Isobutyl
Ketone 3-51
3-22 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Nitrobenzene 3-53
3-23 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Pyridine 3-55
3-24 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for
Tetrachloroethylene 3-57
3-25 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Toluene 3-60
3-26 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 3-64
3-27 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for
Trichloroethylene 3-67
3-28 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for
Trichloromonofluoromethane 3-71
3-29 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for 1,1,2-Trichloro-
1,2^-trifluoroethane 3-73
3-30 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for 1,2-Xytene 3-75
NW/NW-034 .
IV
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
3-31 Wastcwater Treatment Performance Data for 1,3-Xylene . . ........ 3.75
3-32 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for 1,4-Xylene ..... ..... 3-75
3-33 Wastewater Treatment Performance Data for Xylene ............. 3-76
4-1 Regulated Constituents ....... ...... ...................... 4-2
5-1 Treatment Standard Calculations for Nonwastewater Forms
of F001-F005 ............................ . ....... ...... 5-8
5-2 Treatment Standard Calculations for F001-F005 Constituents
that are Based on Performance Data other than the Eleven
Incineration Tests ......................... . ............. 5-9
5-3 BDAT Treatment Standards for Wastewater Forms of F001-
F005 ............... ............................. . ____ 5-10
5-4 Volatile Organic Variability Factor Calculation ................. 5-11
5-5 Semivolatile Variability Factor Calculation .......... . .......... 5-12
5-6 Volatile Organic Accuracy Correction Factor Calculations -
EPA BDAT Data ............................... . ....... 5-13
5-7 Semivolatile Accuracy Correction Factor Calculations - EPA
Data ...................................... . .......... 5-14
5-8 Volatile Organics Accuracy Correction Factor Calculations
for Dow Leachate Data ...... . ..... . ...................... 5-15
5-9 Volatile Organics Accuracy Correction Factor Calculations
for CWM Leachate Data .................... .............. 5-16
A-l Matrix Spike Percent Recoveries in Ash from Eleven BDAT
Incineration Tests ....................................... A-3
NKJ/NW-034
0603-02 J«j
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
Abbreviation/Acronym
AC
ACF
AFF
AirS
AL
AnFF
APCD
API
API
ART
AS
BDAT
BGAC
BT
CAC
CFR
ChOx
Chred
CWA
DAP
DNT
HAD
EPA
FIL
PR
Definition
Activated Carbon
Accuracy Correction Factor
Aerobic Fixed Film
Air Stripping
Aerobic Lagoons
Anaerobic Fixed Film
Air Pollution Control Devices
API On/Water Separator
American Petroleum Institute
Articles not part of WERL database
Activated Sludge Biological Treatment
Best Demonstrated Available Technology
Biological Granular Activated Carbon
Biological Treatment
Chemically Assisted Clarification
Code of Federal Regulations
Chemical Oxidation
Chemical Reduction
Clean Water Act
Dissolved Air Flotation
Dinitrotomene
Engineering and Analysis Division
Environmental Protection Agency
(United States)
Filtration
Federal Register
NRI/NW-054
VI
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS (Continued)
Abbreviation/Acronym
FWPCA
GAC
HSWA
rro
LDR
Leachate
LL
NPDES
OCPSF
OER
OSW
PACT
RBC
RCRA
RO
SCOx
SExt
SS
TCLP
TF
TOC
TSS
UF
UV
Definition
Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Activated Carbon (Granular)
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
Industrial Technology Division
Land Disposal Restrictions
Industry Submitted Leachate Data
Liquid-liquid Extraction
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System
Organic Chemicals, Plastics, and
Synthetic Fibers
On-site Engineering Report
Office of Solid Waste
Powdered Activated Carbon Addition to
Activated Sludge
Rotating Biological Contactor
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Reverse Osmosis
Super Critical Oxidation
Solvent Extraction
Steam Stripping
Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure
Trickling Filter
Total Organic Carbon
Total Suspended Solids
Ultrafiltratkm
Ultraviolet Radiation
NKJ/NW-OS4
VU
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS (Continued)
• tth^*. •*»*! «« •*••----: — - —
ADoreviatioii/AcroiiyiB
VF
WAO
WERL
WOx
Definition
Variability Factor
Wet Air Oxidation
Water Engineering Research Laboratory
Wet Air Oxidation
NKI/MW-054
060)42.04
viii
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Tliis background document provides technical support for revisions to the
best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) treatment standards for the original 26
listed solvent constituents of F001-F005. This document presents:
(1) EPA's rationale and technical support for revising the F001-F005
treatment standards promulgated on November 7,1986 and August
17,1988;
(2) EPA's approach to and technical support for the treatment
standards lor nonwastewater and wastewater forms of F001-F0051;
and
(3) The revised F001-F005 treatment standards.
The revised treatment standards for nonwastewater and wastewater forms
of F001-F005 spent solvents are presented in Table 1-1. These treatment standards
supersede those presented in the original F001-FOQ5 Background Document, November
1986, and the Amendment to the F001-F005 Background Document, May 1988. The
revised treatment standards for nonwastewater and wastewater forms of F001-F005 are
based on the results of EPA-conducted incineration tests and on treatment performance
data available to EPA from wastewater treatment units. These treatment standards are
applicable to the wastes as listed, or to any wastes generated by the management or
treatment of the listed wastes.
'Wastewaten are defined at wastes containing less than 1% (weight basis) total suspended-solids1 (TSS)
and less than 1% (weight basil) total organic carbon (TOG). Waste* not meeting this definition are
classified as nonwastewaten and most county with the aonwastewater treatment standard.
*rhe term total suspended solids' (TSS) clarifies EPA's prevtomlyusedteriniiiologyof "total solids- and
"filterable solids." Specifically, total suspended solids is measured by Method 209C (total suspended solids
dried at MB-IOTC) in Standard MtAodfar the £iamin«^ (^Wo^ and ^omwoMr, Sixteenth Edhkn.
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Table 1-1
Revised F001-F005 Treatment Standards
coBetitaent* o* ron-fM*
Spent Solvent Ma*te»
Ac* ton*
Bonaene*
n-Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Bisulfide
Cubon Tetrachloride
Chlorobensene
Creaol (ar and p-isooers) .
O-Creeol
Cyclohexenone
1 Z'PlTh'T^hTnMn*
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Bensene
Ethyl Ether
2-Ethoxyothanol*
Xaobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Metbyleno Chloride
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Xfobutyl Eetone
Rltrobensene
2-Ritropropene*
Pyridine
Tetrachlmoethylcne
Toluene
1.1, l-Trlehloroeth«ne
1,1. 2-Trichloroethans*
Txiehloroetbylene
Trichlorononofluoroatethana •
l,1.2-Triehloro-1.2.2-
trifluoroethene
Xylene
• Kaslewatei
Teebaolnej*
BT
BI, SS, CA, or LL
BT
BT
BT
BT
AS
BT
BT
BT
AS
BT
RO
XX or BT
BT
BT
SB
ss
BT
BT
SS+AC
XI, ChOx+CA, or
WETOx+CA
AMFf
SS
88
SS
BT, SS, CA, or LI,
SS
U.+3S+AC
AS+F11
HOx
(•B/U
0.28
0.140
. 3.8
0.014
0.057
0.037
0.77
0.11
0.36
0.088
0.34
O.OS7
0.12
MOT
S.B
3.6
0.089
0.44"
0.26
0.14
0.068
MOT
0.014
O.OSB
0.06
0.054
0.054
0.034
0.02
0.057
0.32
tawtMUr
tac/k»>
160
36.0
2.6
e
5.6
3.7
3.2
5.6
e
6.2
33
6.0
160
MOT
170
e
33
33
36
33
14
MOT
16
5.6
28
5.6
5.8
5.6
33
26
28
•Hetteweter treetaeat technolofiee en nhlch the txeetnent etendexds were besed ere iadiceted in this coltn.
•All of the aoBnut«mtet treetaent *tenderd« were based oa incineration.
•These treataent etandarde «wre preavtlgated in the Third Third Final Rule and are net being revised.
The treatment atandard foe wubetratere fro* the phazoeceutical induatry.
The treetawet of theae eonatltuenta ia controlled by the reguletion of other organic iMimpnmtfa in the
mate, unleaa the oonatituent ia the only haaardoua conatltuent in the waata. In »uch caaea, treatment
etendarda for carbon diaulfide. cyelohezenone. end •ethanol will be 4.61, 0.75, and 0.73 a*/L. respectively,
ea aMaaured by enalyaia of TCLf extracts. and proanlteted in the Second Third Final Bale.
MOT - Method of treetawnfc.
AC - Activated carbon.
ABTF - Anaerobic fixed fila biological tteatMBt.
AS - Activated sludge biological treatment.
BT - Biological tteatawnt.
CA - Carbon adsorption.
CbOx - Cbenical oxidation.
Fil - Filtration.
XI - Incineration.
LI - Liquid-liquid extraction.
•0 - Reverse osaosie.
SS - Steoa stripping.
HOx - Met air oxidation.
+ ia the first-process unit followed in process trein by the second.
NM/NW454
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This section briefly presents the background of regulation of F001-F005
solvent wastes, an overview of the revisions to the F001-F005 treatment standards, and a
guide to the remaining sections in this document.
1.1 Regulatory
On May 19, 1980, under the authority of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA), the Environmental Protection Agency listed 26 commonly used
organic solvents as hazardous wastes when spent or discarded. The solvents were listed
as EPA hazardous wastes FOOL. F002, F003, F004, and F005. These listed wastes
included certain spent halogenated and non-halogenated solvents and still bottoms from
the recovery of these solvents.
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) to the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act were enacted on November 8, 1984. These amendments
restricted all currently listed hazardous wastes from land disposal and required EPA to
evaluate and determine maximum concentration levels or required methods of treatment
which substantially diminish the toxicity of the wastes or substantially reduce the
likelihood of migration of the hazardous constituent from the waste. The Land Disposal
Restrictions program was established by EPA to facilitate the development of these
treatment standards. The treatment standards were developed based on a best
demonstrated available technology (BDAT) methodology as described in Section 2.0.
HSWA required EPA to prepare a schedule by November 8, 1986 for
restricting the land disposal of all hazardous wastes listed or identified in 40 CFR Part
261 as of November 8, 1984. Solvent- and dioxin-containing wastes and California List
NRJ/NW-054
0603-02.BJ 1-3
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wastes were covered under a separate schedule set by Congress. The five groups of
regulated wastes and their respective dates for promulgation of treatment standards are:
Solvent and diorin wastes November 7,1986;
"California List" wastes July 8,1987;
"First Third" wastes August 17,1988;
"Second Third" wastes June 23,1989; and
Third Third" wastes June 1,1990.
After the specified promulgation date (referred to as the "hammer date"
for that group), restricted wastes which did not meet the treatment standards were
prohibited from land disposal. In addition, HSWA mandated that a particular waste
automatically would be prohibited from land disposal if EPA failed to set treatment
standards for that waste by these hammer dates (51 FR 40573).
The Agency received numerous comments regarding the interpretation of
the spent solvents listings. As a result of the comments in the December 31,1985
Federal Register (50 FR 53315), EPA clarified that the spent solvents listings cover only
those solvents that are used for their "solvent" properties, i.e., to solubilize (dissolve) or
mobilize other constituents. A solvent is considered "spent" when it has been used and is
no longer fit for use without being regenerated, reclaimed, or otherwise reprocessed.
Where solvents are used as reactants or ingredients in the formulation of commercial
chemical products, manufacturing process wastes are not covered by the spent solvents
listing.
As originally written, the spent solvents listing included only the pure form
or the commercial grade of the solvents, and overlooked solvent mixtures. To eliminate
this regulatory loophole, the Agency amended the listings by adding the "10 percent rule"
(proposed on April 30,1985 (50 FR 18378)). This rule expands the category of spent
solvents considered to be hazardous wastes by including solvent mixtures which
contained at least 10 percent (by volume) of total listed solvents before use. The Agency
NM/NW4S4
0«»-02.«j 1-4
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believed that establishing a threshold level well below the mininnim solvent
concentration (10 percent) typically used in solvent formulations, Would bring the
majority of commercial solvent mixtures into the hazardous waste management system
while excluding dilute mixtures. The Agency also has data indicating that mixtures with
solvent concentrations above 10 percent have been demonstrated to cause substantial
harm to human health. The proposed "10 percent rule" became a Final Rule on
December 31,1985 (50 FR 53315).
The final definition of spent solvents did not include four solvents that
were added to the F001-F005 listing on February 25, 1986: benzene, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-
nitropropane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (51 FR 40607). The current definitions of F001-
F005 are given in 40 CFR 26131 as follows:
• FOQ1 - The following spent halogenated solvents used in degreasing:
tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, 1,1,1-tri-
chloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorinated fluorocarbons;
all spent solvent mixtures/blends used in degreasing containing,
before use, a total of 10 percent or more (by volume) of one or
more of the above halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in
F002, F004, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these
spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.
• FQ02 - The following spent halogenated solvents: tetrachloro-
ethylene, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichlo-
roethane, chlorobenzene, l,l,2-trichloro-lA2-trifluoroethane, ortho-
dichlorobenzene, and trichlorofluoromethane, and 1,1,2-
trichloroethane; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before
use, a total of 10 percent or more (by volume) of one or more of
the above halogenated solvents or those listed in F001, F004, or
F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents
and spent solvent mixtures.
•' F003 - The following spent non-halogenated solvents: xylene,
acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl ether, methyl isoburyl
ketone, n-butyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, and methanol; all spent
solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, only the above non-
halogenated solvents, and, a total of 10 percent or more (by volume)
of one or more of those solvents listed in F001, F002, F004, and
NU/NW-054
M03-02.MJ 1-5
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F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents
and spent solvent mixtures.
• F004 - The following spent non-halogenated solvents: cresols and
cresylic acid, and nitrobenzene; all spent solvent mixtures/blends
containing, before use, a total of 10 percent or more (by volume) of
one or more of the above non-halogenated solvents or those
solvents listed in F001, F002, and F005; and still bottoms from the
recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.
• FOOS • The following spent non-halogenated solvents: toluene,
methyl ethyl ketone, carbon disulfide, isobutanol, pyridine, benzene,
2-ethoxyethanol, and 2-nitropropane; all spent solvent
mixtures/blends containing, before use, a total of 10 percent or
more (by volume) of one or more of the above non-halogenated
solvents or those solvents listed in F001, F002, or F004; and still
bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent
mixtures.
On November 7, 1986, the Agency promulgated treatment standards for
the 26 original F001-F005 solvent constituents. Lab packs containing these solvents were
also subject to these treatment standards. The November 7, 1986 rule did not include
treatment standards for commercial chemical products, manufacturing chemical interme-
diates, and off-specification commercial chemical products (U and P wastes) that
corresponded to the F001-F005 spent solvent -wastes. This final rule also did not include
treatment standards for the four solvents that were added to the F001-FOQ5 listing on
February 25, 1986: benzene, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-nitropropane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane
(SI FR 40607); treatment standards for these constituents were promulgated in the Third
Third Final Rule (1).
Compliance with these BOAT treatment standards is a prerequisite under
40 CFR Part 268 for placement of F001-FOQ5 spent solvents in land disposal units. The
Agency's legal authority and promulgated methodology for establishing treatment
standards, and the petition process necessary for requesting a variance from the
treatment standards are summarized in EPA's Methodology for Developing P)PAT.
Treatme
NV/NW-054
MOMB.M) 1-6
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The first amendment to the F001-F005 Background Document revised the
treatment standard for methylene chloride in wastewaters from pharmaceutical facilities.
»
The revised treatment standard for methylene chloride, based on steam stripping data for
wastewaters similar to F001-F005 wastewaters from the pharmaceutical industry, was
0.44 mg/1 (51FR 31152). The First Third final rule, August 17,1988, promulgated this
treatment standard for wastewater forms of methylene chloride from the pharmaceutical
industry (3).
This background document supports the second amendment to the Final
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for F001-F005
(November 1986). Although this is an amendment to the original solvents background
document, it has not been prepared in amendment form because of the magnitude of
change involved. For completeness, this document discusses the determination of
BDAT, the treatment performance database, the regulated constituents, and the
calculation of the revised BDAT treatment standards. This document does not include
discussions regarding the four solvents added to the F001-F005 listing on February 25,
1986: benzene, 2-ethoxyethaiio], 2-nitropropane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane, because the
treatment standards for these constituents were promulgated in the Third Third Final
Rule in accordance with the current BDAT methodology, and are not being revised at
this time.
L2
The treatment standards for the F001-F005 spent solvent wastes, which
became effective on November 8,1986, are being revised to reflect changes in die
methodology used to develop the BDAT treatment standards since these treatment
standards were originally developed. The revised treatment standards are based on total
composition analysis for nonwastewater and wastewater constituents of these wastes with
three exceptions.
NM/NW-OS4
1*7
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For reasons discussed in Section 4.0 of this background document, non-
wastewater wastes containing carbon disulfide, cyclohexanone, and methanol were not
•
selected for revision of treatment standards.
The revisions to the F001-F005 treatment standards also do not include the
four solvents that were added to the solvents listing on February 25,1986 (benzene,
2-ethoxyethanol, 2-nitropropane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane) because treatment standards
for these constituents were promulgated in the Third Third Final Rule and were
developed following the current methodology.
There are four differences between the methodology used to develop the
F001-F005 treatment standards in 1986 and the current BOAT methodology. These
differences include the measure of performance used; the transfer of treatment
performance data; the determination of variability factors; and the use of quantitation
limits.
First, during the proposal and promulgation of the original F001-F005
spent solvent treatment standards, performance measurements based on constituent
concentrations in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) extract of
incinerator ash were used to determine treatment standards for nonwastewater forms of
F001-F005. Under current BDAT methodology, total constituent concentrations in the
incinerator ash are used to measure performance.
Second, during the development of the original F001-F005 spent solvent
treatment standards, only data for regulated constituents were considered for transfer to
constituents for which no treatment performance data were available. Using current
BDAT methodology, treatment performance data for any constituent (including
constituents not regulated) may be considered for transfer provided that the data
represent substantial treatment and are not indicative of upset operating conditions in
the treatment system.
NlWNW-034
MQ3-02.*} 1-8
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Third, during the development of the original F001-F005 spent solvent
standards, an average variability factor (used to account for variability in treatment
system performance, treatment residual collection, and analysis of the treated waste
samples) was calculated for each treatment technology; this average was used in
treatment standard calculations when a variability factor could not be calculated.
Additionally, in the 1986 treatment standards, some data were used in the average
variability factor calculation that were not used in the treatment standard calculations. It
is not clear why these data were included in the variability factor calculation since they
were excluded from the treatment standard calculation. Since promulgation of the F001-
F005 rule, the factor 2.8 has been determined to represent the variability inherent in
treatment system operation and sample collection. This value is currently used when a
variability factor cannot be determined. See Section 52.2 for more detail.
Finally, during the development of the 1986 treatment standards, each
standard was compared with the quantitation limit for that corresponding constituent. In
cases where the treatment standard represented a lower concentration than the
quantitation limit, the treatment standard was set at the quantitation limit This
comparison with the constituent quantification limit did not continue in later
nilemakings. The preamble to the Third Third Final Rule (56 FR 22520) states that
quantitation limits are intended as guidance for analytical laboratories and do not
represent the lowest concentrations that can be detected. Treatment standards are now
calculated based on the detection limits achieved for a constituent in a particular matrix.
The detection limits achieved by analytical laboratories used in conjunction with EPA-
sponsored treatment tests are considered to be representative of any laboratory's
capability. Development of treatment standards that are at or above analytical detection
limits is further supported by the use of accuracy correction factors, which account for
analytical inteferences associated with the chemical matrices of the samples.
MU/NW-OM .
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1*3
Section 2.0 addresses the determination of the Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT), including: the definitions of applicable, demonstrated
and available; descriptions of applicable treatment 'technologies for non-wastewater and
wastewater containing F001-F005 spent solvents; and the procedure for identifying the
best demonstrated available technology. Section 3.0 discusses the nonwastewater and
wastewater treatment performance data used in determining the revised BDAT
treatment standards for F001-F005 spent solvents. Section 4.0 presents the constituents
selected for revised regulation. Section S.O discusses calculation of the revised BDAT
treatment standards. Section 6.0 contains acknowledgements. Section 7.0 lists
references.
NW/NW-OS4 .
MO
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2.0 DETERMINATION OF THE BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGY (BDAT)
This section presents the Agency's determination of applicable and
demonstrated technologies, as well as the procedure for identifying the best
demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for the treatment of each F001-F005 spent
solvent waste. In determining BDAT, the Agency first determines which technologies
are applicable for treatment of the waste(s) of interest. The Agency then determines
which of the applicable technologies are demonstrated for treatment of the wastes of
interest The next step is to determine which of the demonstrated technologies perform
the best Integral to this determination is the evaluation of all available treatment
performance data for the waste(s) of interest The treatment performance data that
were evaluated to determine BDAT for the revision of treatment standards for F001-
F005 solvent wastes are presented in Section 3.0. Finally, the Agency determines
whether the best demonstrated technology is available for treatment of the waste(s) of
interest
2.1 Applicable TreatB|>Git
To be considered applicable, the theory of treatment for the technology
must be usable to treat the waste. Detailed descriptions of technologies that are
applicable to treat listed hazardous wastes are provided in EPA's Treatment Tgchnflfygy
Barfromntiri ^OCUTPent (4).
Because nonwastewater and wastewater forms of solvent wastes may
contain organic constituents at treatable concentrations, applicable technologies include
those that destroy or reduce the total amount of various organic compounds in the waste.
Therefore, the Agency has identified the following treatment technologies as potentially
applicable for treatment of these wastes:
NU/HW4M
0403-02.^ 2-1
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Biological treatment (including aerobic fixed film, aerobic, lagoons,
activated sludge, filtration, anaerobic fixed film, rotating biological
contactors, sequential batch reactor, and trickling filter
technologies);
Carbon adsorption (including activated carbon and granular
activated carbon technologies);
Chemical oxidation;
Chemically assisted clarification (including chemical precipitation
technology);
Incineration (including fluidized-bed, rotary kiln, and liquid injection
incineration);
PACT* treatment (including powdered activated carbon addition to
activated sludge and biological granular activated carbon
technologies);
Reverse osmosis;
Solvent extraction (including liquid-liquid extraction technology);
Stripping treatment (including steam stripping and air stripping
technologies); and
Wet air oxidation (including supercritical oxidation technology).
Total recycle or reuse may also be applicable for certain wastes. These treatment
technologies were identified based on current waste treatment practices and on
engineering judgment.
The concentrations and type(s) of waste constituents present in the waste
generally determine which technology is most applicable. For example, wet air oxidation,
PACT* treatment, biological treatment, and solvent extraction are applicable for
treatment of wastewaters containing up to 1% total organic carbon. Carbon adsorption
is applicable for treatment of wastewaters containing less than 0.1% total organic carbon
NU/NW-OM
2-2
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and is often used as a polishing step following primary treatment by biological treatment,
solvent extraction, or wet air oxidation.
A brief discussion of each of the technologies identified as applicable for
the treatment of F001-F005 constituents is given below.
Biological Treatment
Biological treatment is a destruction technology in which hazardous organic
constituents in wastewaters are biodegraded. This technology generates two treatment
residuals: a treated effluent and a waste biosludge. Waste biosludge may be land
disposed without further treatment if it meets the applicable BDAT nonwastcwater
treatment standards for regulated constituents.
Carbon Adsorption
Carbon adsorption is a separation technology in which hazardous organic
constituents in wastewaters are selectively adsorbed onto activated carbon. This
technology generates two treatment residuals: a treated effluent and spent activated
carbon. The spent activated carbon can be reactivated, recycled, or incinerated.
Chemical oxidation is a destruction technology in which inorganic cyanide,
some dissolved organic compounds, and sulfides are chemically oxidized to yield carbon
dioxide, water, salts, simple organic acids, and sulfates. This technology generates one
treatment residual: treated effluent
NW/NW-054
080942^ 2-3
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Chemically-assisted clarification, including chemical precipitation, is a
separation technology in which the addition of chemicals during treatment results in the
formation of precipitates from the organic or inorganic constituents in the wastewater.
The solids formed are then separated from the wastewater by settling, clarification,
and/or polishing filtration. This technology generates two treatment residuals: treated
wastewater effluent and separated solid precipitate. The solid precipitate may be land
disposed without further treatment if it meets the applicable BDAT nonwastewater
treatment standards for regulated constituents.
Incineration
Incineration is a destruction technology in which heat is transferred to the
waste to destabilize chemical bonds and destroy hazardous organic constituents. In a
fluidized-bed incinerator, waste is injected into the fluidized-bed material (generally sand
and/or incinerator ash), where it is heated to its ignition temperature. Heat energy from
the combustion reactions is then transferred back to the fhiidized bed. Ash is removed
periodically during operation and during bed change-outs.
In a rotary kiln incinerator, wastes are fed into the elevated end of the
kiln. The rotation of the kiln mixes the waste with hot gases to heat the waste to its
ignition temperature. Combustion gases from the kiln enter an afterburner for complete
destruction of organic waste constituents. Other wastes may also be injected into the
afterburner. Ash is removed from the lower end of the kilo.
In a liquid injection incinerator, liquid wastes are atomized and injected
into the incinerator. In general, only wastes with low or negligible ash contents are
amenable to liquid injection incineration. Therefore, this technology generally does not
generate an ash residual
NW/NW-OS4
OMWB.MJ 2-4
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Combustion gases from incinerators are fed to scrubber systems for cooling
and removal of entrained particulates and acid gases, if present. In general, with the
exception of liquid injection incineration, two residuals are generated by incineration
processes: ash and scrubber water.
*
PACT* Treatment
PACT* treatment is a combination of carbon adsorption and biological
treatment It is a destruction technology in which hazardous organic constituents are
biodegraded and selectively adsorbed onto powdered-activated carbon. This technology
generates two treatment residuals: a treated effluent and spent carbon/bioshidge. The
spent carbon may be regenerated and-recycled to the process or incinerated.
Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis is a separation technology in which dissolved organics
(usually salts) are removed from a wastewater by filtering the wastewater through a
semipermeable membrane at a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure caused by the
dissolved organic constituents. This technology generates two treatment residuals: the
treated effluent and the concentrated organic materials that do not pass through the
membrane.
Solvent extraction is a separation technology in which hazardous organic
constituents are removed from the waste due to greater solubility in the solvent phase
than in the waste phase. This technology generates two residuals: a treated waste
residual and an extract The extract may be recycled or. incinerated.
NU/NW454
i 2-5
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strii
Stripping treatment is a separation technology in which volatile organic
constituents in a liquid waste are physically transferred to a flowing gas or vapor. In
*
steam stripping, steam contacts the waste, strips the volatile organics, and carries them to
a condenser where the mixture of organic vapors and steam is condensed and collected
in an accumulator tank. In air stripping, air contacts the waste and strips the volatile
organic constituents. This technology generates one treatment residual, the treated
effluent Emissions from stripping treatment may require further treatment
Wet air oxidation is a destruction technology in which hazardous organic
constituents in wastes are oxidized under pressure at elevated temperatures in the
presence of dissolved oxygen. This technology is applicable for wastes comprised
primarily of water and up to 10% organic carbon. Wet air oxidation generates one
treatment residual: treated effluent The treated effluent may require further treatment
for hazardous organic constituents by carbon adsorption or PACT* treatment Emissions
from wet air oxidation may also require further treatment
2.2 Demonstrated
To be considered "demonstrated," a technology must be employed in full-
scale operation for treatment of the waste in question or a similar waste. Pilot- or
bench-scale operations are not considered in identifying demonstrated technologies.
2J.1 Nonwartewateri
Toe Agency has identified incineration as a demonstrated technology for
treatment of organic constituents in nonwastewater forms of F001-F005. For the Land
MU/NW-054
j 2-6
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Disposal Restrictions program, the Agency conducted full-scale incineration tests using
rotary kiln incinerators. At least one incineration test was performed on waste
Constituents representing each of the basic functional groups believed to be present in
organic constituents of F001-F005. The Agency believes that incineration is
demonstrated for treatment of all waste constituents tested. Furthermore, the tested
constituents represent all of the basic functional groups found in F001-F005. Therefore,
the Agency believes that incineration can be considered demonstrated for all of the
organic waste constituents found in F001-F005 wastes.
2*2*2 Wastewatera
The Agency has identified all of the technologies listed in Section 2.1 as
demonstrated technologies for treatment of organic constituents in wastewater forms of
F001-F005. These technologies have been demonstrated in full-scale operation for
treatment of wastewaters containing these constituents or similar constituents.
Performance data presented in Section 3.0 include data from bench-, pilot-, and full-scale
treatment by these technologies.
23 Determination of BDAT
As described in EPA's Methodology Document (2), after all applicable and
demonstrated treatment technologies are identified for the wastes of interest, treatment
performance data are examined to identify the technologies that perform "best" The
treatment performance data are evaluated to determine:
* Whether the data represent operation of a well-designed and well-
operated treatment system;
• Whether sufficient analytical quality assurance/quality control
measures were employed to ensure the accuracy of the data; and
HU/MW4S4
2-7
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Whether the appropriate measure of performance was used to assess
the particular treatment technology.
The Agency then determines whether the best demonstrated technology is "available."
An available treatment technology is one that (1) is not a proprietary or patented
process that cannot be purchased or licensed from the proprietor (i.e., it must be
commercially available), and (2) substantially diminishes the toririty of the waste or
substantially reduces the likelihood of migration of hazardous constituents from the
waste.
The Agency determined the "best" demonstrated technology for each
constituent in F001-F005 by a thorough review of all of the treatment performance data
available for each constituent The treatment performance data that were evaluated are
presented in Section 3.0.
23.1 Nbnwagtewatcra
As previously stated, the Agency has identified incineration as a
demonstrated technology for treatment of the organic constituents in nonwastewater
forms of F001-F005. After reviewing the treatment performance data available to EPA,
the Agency also believes incineration is the "best" technology for treatment of
nonwastewater forms of these wastes. Finally, because commercially available treatment
performance data (presented in Section 3.0) revealed substantial treatment from the use
of incineration, it is considered available. Therefore, incineration is being identified as
BOAT for nonwastewater forms of F001-F005.
2.3.2 Wastewatera
The performance data for demonstrated treatment technologies of F001-
F005 came form a variety of sources, as identified in Section 32. To determine the best
NRI/NW4M
2-8
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demonstrated technology for specific constituents in wastewater forms of F001-F005, a
hierarchy was established to evaluate the treatment performance data presented in
Section 3.0. The Agency believes that data from the Industrial Technology Division
(TTD), now the Engineering Analysis Division (EAD), and BDAT programs are superior
to data from other sources. The EAD database, described in Section 323, is a
comprehensive source of wastewater treatment performance data and usually represents
longer term sampling with a greater number of sample sets than the other wastewater
treatment databases, and data generated as part of the BDAT program follow EPA
protocols for sampling and analysis procedures.
The following is an outline of the hierarchy for evaluation of treatment
performance data which was used to determine the best demonstrated technology for
wastewater constituents included in this document All data used in determining BDAT
for a constituent came from the highest performance data source available for that
particular constituent
(1) EAD treatment performance data were used to promulgate an EAD
effluent-based limitation standard. The data representing EAD
Option I were used in all case -i (32).
(2) Agency-sponsored BDAT wastewater treatment test data.
(3) Industry-submitted multi-source leachate treatment performance
data, where the data showed substantial treatment
(4) Other available treatment performance data. Evaluation of these
data was based on:
(a) Hie treatment technology for which data were available;
(b) Whether the data represented full-, pilot-, or bench-scale
treatment;
(c) The concentration of the constituent of interest in die
influent to treatment;
(d) The average concentration of the constituent of interest in
the effluent from treatment; and
(e) The removal efficiency of the treatment technology.
NftI/NW-054 .
2-9
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Hie demonstrated technologic* Identified in Section 22 and determined to
be best for each constituent as identified in Section 3.0 are all commercially available,
and treatment performance data included in Section 3.0 show substantial treatment of
the constituent by the technologies. Therefore, the best demonstrated technology for
»
each constituent is considered to be "available,* and is BDAT for that constituent
2-11
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3.0 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATABASE
The revised treatment standards for nonwastewater and wastewater forms
of F001-F005 are based on treatment performance data available to EPA from EPA-
conducted incineration tests and from wastewater treatment units. The sources of
treatment performance data and the basis for transfer of treatment performance data are
discussed below.
The nonwastewater and wastewater treatment performance data available
to EPA represent:
(1) Data from the organic chemical industries;
(2) Constituent concentrations in the influent that vary greatly; and
(3) Data from well-designed and well-operated wastewater treatment
units and incineration tests.
Nonwastewater treatment performance data, based on total composition
constituent concentrations in ash, were available from 14 incineration tests conducted by
EPA to develop treatment standards for the First, Second, and Third Third Land
Disposal Restrictions rulemakings and from 10 incineration tests (Acurex tests)
conducted by EPA to characterize stack gas emissions from hazardous waste incinerators
(5, 6). Scrubber water data were also collected from the Acurex incineration tests.
However, quality assurance data were not collected for the Acurex test; therefore, the
data were not used to develop the revised treatment standards for nonwastewater forms
of F001-F005. The treatment performance data used to determine BDAT treatment
standards for nonwastewater forms of F001-F005 were based solely on the 14 EPA-
conducted incineration tests listed in Table 3-1 (6).
NV/NW4S4
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Table 3-1
Wastes Tested by Incineration as Part
of the Land Disposal Restrictions Program
Test
Nunjfrejr Waste Codecs') Tested
1 KOOl-Pentachloiophenol
2 KOOl-Creosote
3* K011, K013, K014
4 K019
5* K024
6* K037
7 K048,K051
8 K087
9 K101
10 K1Q2
11 P024
12 K015
13 DOM, D016, P059», U12T, U1921
14 U141% U02T, P020\
U122*. U2281, U23SP,
U080-, U220*. U166-,
U161', U188T
NA . Not applicable.
"Commffiffl rli*>Tnir«l pnvliictf were med In the«
surrogates for these wastes.
*Data from Tests 3, S, and 6 were not used in the
calculations.
NRJ/NW4S4
0603-024M)
Technology
Used
RotaiyKiln
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
RotaiyKiln
Fluidized-Bed
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
Liquid Injection
Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln
• incineration tests as
P001-FOOS treatment
3-2
On-Ske
Engineeruig
Report
Referencefs^
7
8
9
10
11
12
13,14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
standard
Background
Document
Reference
21
21
NA
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
NA
NA
•
-------
Wastewater treatment performance data were available to the Agency from
several sources, including literature studies, industry studies, and EPA-sponsorcd
treatment tests. The Agency collected wastewater treatment performance data and
developed a wastewater treatment database during the Third Third rule. This database
was used to determine the F039 multi-source leachate wastewater treatment standards.
Performance data from the treatment of wastewater forms of F001-F005 are included in
the wastewater treatment performance database and the Agency used this database to
calculate the revised treatment standards for these wastes. Accordingly, the wastewater
treatment standards for F001-F005 are being revised based on the same data used to
determine the F039 treatment standards; therefore, the treatment standards for
wastewater forms of F001-F005 are the same as the treatment standards for wastewater
forms of F039.
Section 3.1 discusses the nonwastewater treatment performance data.
Section 3.2 gives a brief description of each data source examined for applicable
wastewater treatment performance data. Section 33 presents the wastewater treatment
performance data considered in determining BDAT and the treatment standard for each
constituent .
3.1 Nonwastewater Treatment Performance Database
Incineration was determined to be BDAT for nonwastewater forms of
F001-F005. Treatment performance data for F001-F005 subject to treatment standard
revision were obtained from the 14 EPA-conducted incineration tests, and were used to
determine BDAT and to develop treatment standards (Section 5.0) for F001-F005
solvent wastes.
Treatment performance data, to the extent that they were available to
EPA, included the concentrations for a given constituent in the untreated and treated
wastes, values of operating parameters measured at the time the waste was treated, and
NKI/NW4S4
OW3-02.MJ 3-3
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values of relevant design parameters for the treatment technology. Only performance
data for the waste constituents of interest are presented in this section. Values of design
and operating parameters for each incineration treatment test can be found in the corre-
sponding On-Site Engineering Report for each test (References 7 through 20).
After reviewing the treatment performance data from, the 14 incineration
tests, the Agency determined that the data from Tests 3,5, and 6 were not suitable for
use in developing treatment standards for the F001-F005 nonwastewaters. Data from
Test 3 were not appropriate because the detection limits were significantly higher than
the average detection limits for the other incineration tests. In addition, the wastes
treated in Test 3 did not contain significant concentrations of the constituents of concern.
Data from Tests 5 and 6 were not considered because the wastes treated were K024 (a
phthalic anhydride waste) and K037 (a disulfoton waste). These wastes represent unique
matrices that the Agency does not believe are representative of solvent waste matrices.
Therefore, data from Tests 3, 5, and 6 were not considered further; development of
treatment standards was based only on the treatment performance data from the
remaining eleven tests.
In most cases, multiple sets of treatment performance data were used to
develop treatment standards for the constituents in F001-F005. In cases where an
individual waste constituent of concern was detected in the untreated or treated wastes
from one or more treatment tests, data from only those tests were used to develop
treatment standards for that constituent If an individual constituent of concern was not
detected in any of the untreated or treated wastes from the 11 incineration tests, the
detection limits achieved for that constituent in ash from all the tests were used to
develop treatment standards.
Table 3-2 presents the detection limits for the F001-F005 constituents in
incinerator ash from all 11 incineration tests. More than one detection limit for a
constituent in the ash from an incineration test may have been reported. To account for
NW/NW-054 •
OW3-02.WJ 3-4
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have been collected to set BDAT standards for wastewater forms of specific hazardous
waste codes. In establishing treatment standards for wastewater forms of listed wastes,
the Agency prefers to use appropriate wastewater treatment data from well-designed ar;.
well-operated wastewater treatment units rather than scrubber water concentrations to
develop wastewater treatment standards. (This does not, however, preclude the Agency
from establishing treatment standards for other wastes based on constituent concentra-
tions in incinerator scrubber waters.) Therefore, treatment performance data that
represented a specific technology applicable to wastewater treatment, such as biological
treatment or chemical precipitation, were the only data considered from the BDAT
database.
BDAT wastewater treatment performance data were available from waste
codes K103, K104, and K062 from the First and Second Thir J groups of wastes. The
wastewater treatment technologies represented by these codes include liquid-liquid
extraction, steam stripping, and activated carbon adsorption for organic constituents and
chromium reduction followed by chemical precipitation and sedimentation for inorganic
constituents.
Additionally, as part of the development of the o.uginal BDAT treatment
standards for the F001-F005 solvent wastes, the Agency examined data from EAD
sampling episodes; these data were presented in the Final BDAT Background Document
for F001-F005 (31). The technologies examined included biological treatment, activated
carbon adsorption, steam stripping, air stripping, and wet air oxidation. Hie wastewater
treatment performance data presented for F001-F005 constituents have been
incorporated into the tables of Section 3.3.
322 WAO/PACI* Data
For specific U and P waste codes that were regulated in the Third Third
Final Rule, a wastewater treatment performance test was conducted on wet air oxidation
NW/NW4J54 •
060342.^ 3-9
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(WAO) and PACT* treatment technologies. The treatment performance data from this
test are incorporated into the tables of Section 33.
3*2*3 BAD Database-Promulgated MlBitt
•
•
In response to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) of 1972
and the Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1977, EPA promulgated regulations to reduce the
level of pollutants in wastewater discharged from industrial point sources using the "Best
Available Technology Economically Achievable." The responsibility for developing and
promulgating effluent guidelines was assigned to the Industrial Technology Division
(TTD), now the Engineering and Analysis Division (BAD) within EPA's Office of Water
Regulations and Standards. To date, EAD has promulgated effluent regulations for 27
industrial categories.
The treatment performance data used for EAD*s promulgation efforts have
been summarized by category in specific effluent limitations guidelines atu^ standards
development documents. The treatment performance data from the Final Development
-
Plastics. a«d Synthetic Fibers Point Source Category for BDAT List solvent constituents
for which EAD effluent limitations exist were incorporated into the tables of Section 33.
3.2.4
Under the dean Water Act, the discharge of pollutants into the waters of
the United States is prohibited unless a permit is issued by the EPA or a state under the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). An NPDES permit provides
effluent limitations for specific pollutants that a facility discharges* The permit also
requires monitoring and reporting to show that the effluent limitation* are being met
The monitoring data submitted by facilities as part of the NPDES permit program have
been summarized by the Agency in an NPDES database.
NU/NW4S4
3-10
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The NPDES database was searched for the F001-F005 solvent constituents
to identify facilities that had monitoring data for these constituents. Constituent data
from this search, representing concentrations of constituents in effluents from wastewater
treatment, have been incorporated into the tables of Section 33. EPA was unable to
evaluate whether substantial treatment occurred because the corresponding influent
concentrations of the constituents were unavailable. Therefore, NPDES data were only
used to calculate standards when other data were unavailable. The treatment technolo-
gies or treatment trains represented by the NPDES data were identified in some, but not
all, cases. Where available, the treatment technology associated with the data has been
specified in the tables of Section 33.
WERL Database
U.S. EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, which now includes
the former Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, has developed and is
%
continuing to expand a database on the treatability of chemicals in various types of
waters and wastewaters. This database (hereafter referred to as the WERL database)
has been compiled from wastewater treatment performance data available in literature.
The treatment performance data for F001-F005 solvent constituents in this database have
been included in the tables of Section 33.
32*
Performance data from the treatment of multi-source leachate were sub-
mitted to the Agency just prior to the proposal of the Third Third rule. The data were
developed and compiled by a leachate committee composed of several major domestic
corporations. This leachate committee was formed in April 1989 following the stay by
the U.S. Court of Appeals, D.C Circuit, of the Land Disposal Restrictions for the First
Third group of wastes as it applied to hazardous waste leachate. (Waste Management
Inc. v. EPA CADC, No. 88-1581,8/9/88.)
NW/NW-OS4
3-11
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is described in Section 232. The methodology used to develop the treatment standards
is discussed in Section 5.0.
The tables in this section present the available treatment performance data
for each F001-F005 constituent The data used to determine the revised BDAT
treatment standards are indicated with an asterisk. The discussion that precedes each
data table specifies the BDAT technology identified and discusses the data that were
considered in determining the revised concentration-based treatment standard. More
information on the development of these wastewater treatment standards is found in
Reference 6. Table 3-4 and Table 3-5 are database and treatment technology keys,
respectively, for the data tables presented in Sections 33.1 to 3326.
NM/NW-4S4
3-13
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Table 3-4
Wastewater Treatment Performance Database Key
Codf
BDAT
HAD
LEACHATE
NPDES
WAO
WERL
ART
Database
Best Demonstrated Available Technology
Engineering and Analysis Division (formerly the
Industrial Technology Division)
Industry Submitted Leachate Data
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Wet Air Oxidation
Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
Articles not part of WERL database
NRI/NW4H4
3-14
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Table 3-5
Key to Treatment Technologies
Code
AC
AFF
AL
API
AS
AirS
AnFF
BGAC
BT
CAC
ChOx
Chred
DAF
FIL
GAC
LL
PACT
RBC
RO
SCOx
SExt
SS
TF
UF
UV
WQx
Technology
Activated Carbon
Aerobic Fixed Film
Aerobic Lagoons
API Oil/Water Separator
Activated Sludge
Air Stripping
Anaerobic Fixed Film
Biological Granular Activated Carbon
Biological Treatment
Chemically Assisted Clarification
Chemical Oxidation
Chemical Reduction
Dissolved Air Flotation
Filtration
Activated Carbon (Granular)
liquid-liquid Extraction
Powdered Activated Carbon Addition to Activated Sludge
Rotating Biological Contactor
Reverse Osmosis
Super Critical Oxidation
Solvent Extraction
Steam Stripping
Trickling Filter
Ultrafiltration
Ultraviolet Radiation
Wet Air Oxidation
" w "
indicates that the first process unit is followed in the process train by the
second, i.e., AS + Fil - Activated Sludge followed by Filtration.
indicates that the two unite are used together, Le, UFwPAC -
Ultrafiltration using Powdered Activated Carbon,
"__[Bf indicates batch instead of continuous flow.
Nlf/NW4M
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33.1
The data available for acetone were compiled from the WERL and
NPDES databases, wet air oxidation (WO?) data from literature, and leachate treatment
performance data submitted by industry. They are presented in Table 3-6. Technologies
for which data are available include BT, AS, GAG, PACT, RO, SS, and WOx. The
treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting
effluent concentrations ranged from 0.846 ppb to 10,000 ppb.
Based on industry-submitted leachate data available for acetone, BOAT for
acetone was identified as BT. The BOAT treatment standard for acetone was calculated
using the effluent concentration of 100 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard
for acetone (0.28 ppm) is described in Section 5.0 and is shown in Table 5-3.
NBJ/NW4M
3-16
-------
TAILEM
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
ran ACETONE
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
FACILITY
UMTT
(PPM
RANGE
MFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPM
AVERAGE
NO. OF EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS (PoM (*) (%l
REFERENCE
NY0034960
NHOOO)37S
NY01077S9
CTOQ01341
A2000010S
AZDOOOIOt
AZ0000108
AS
AS
QAC
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
ss
WOk
WOx(B]
*BT
*BT
Ful
Ful
NY000100S
NY0107484
241B
1168E
24SB
10
10
14
as
11
11
11
4
S
Ful
Ful
Piel
Ful
Zknpie
2SOB
242E
TOO
CWM
CWM
100
100
1000-10000
10000-100000
1000-10000
100-1000
233
1000-10000
10000-100000
10000-100000
1000000
1000000
1900-10000
8133
128.000
620.500
1.000
1.000
314100
NPOES
NPDES
NPOES
NPOES
NPOES
NPOES
NPOES
NPoes
1010.700
28.000
1100.000
50.000
20.000
204)00
200.000
3
3
10000.000
2304)00
100
100
BLS
87.1
9641
91.4
81
SI
70
SO
99.4
87 M
98.91
NPDE3
NPOES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
LEACHATE
LEACHATE
' D«ta uMd In developing th« raviMd
3-17
-------
3.3.2 n-Butvt Alcohol
The data available for n-butyl alcohol were compiled from the WERL
database and leachate treatment performance data submitted by industry. These data
are presented in Table 3-7. Technologies for which data are available include full-scale
AS and BT. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 40 ppb to 2,000 ppb.
Based on industry-submitted leachate data available for n-butyl alcohol,
BOAT for n-butyl alcohol was identified as BT. The BOAT treatment standard for n-
butyl alcohol was calculated using an effluent concentration of 2,000 ppb and the
appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. Hie calculation of the
resulting BOAT treatment standard for n-butyl alcohol (5.6 ppm) is described in Section
S.O and is shown in Table 5-3.
3-18
-------
TABU 3-7
WABTEWATER TREATMENT FERFORMANE DATA
FOR(V8UTYLA»«
RANGE AVERAOE
rrecnoN INFLUENT NO. of EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY LIMIT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY
TECHNOLOOY SIZE FAOUTY teo» toot* POINTI (POM (%) <*>
AS Fill 11ME 10000-100000 40.000 99.79 WOTL
•ST . CWM 2000 2600 1 8000 2&S7 LEACHATE
3-19
-------
3.3.3
The data available for carbon disulfide were compiled from the NPDES
data for one facility and leachate treatment performance data submitted by industry.
These data are presented in Table 3-8. The technology for which data are available was
BT; the resulting effluent concentration was 5 ppb.
Based on industry-submitted leachate data available for carbon disulfide,
BOAT for carbon disulfide was identified as BT. The BOAT treatment standard for
carbon disulfide was calculated using the effluent concentration of 5 ppb and the
appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting BOAT treatment standard for carbon disulfide (0.014 ppm) is described in
Section 5.0 and is shown in Table 5-3.
NU/HW4M
3-20
-------
TABLE M
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR CARBON OWULFIOE
RANQE AVERAGE
MFLUENT NO. OF EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY UMTT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
TECHNOLOGY 8gg FAOUTY feptj (pott POINTS (pob> fltt M) REFERENCE
NYOOOOM8 2 «000 MPOEt
•BT EMEUE S 10 1 S 50 LEACHATE
•BT an s an i s mar LEACHATE
3-21
-------
3.3.4 Carbon Tetrachloride
The data available for carbon tetrachloride were compiled from the WERL
database, BOAT Solvents Rule data, and WOx and PACT* data from literature. These
data are presented in Table 3-9. Technologies for which data are available include AL,
AS+Fil, AirS, BT, CAC, GAC, PACT*, RO, SCOx, SS, TF, and WQjc. The treatment
performance data represent bench-, pilot, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 0.200 ppb to 12,000 ppb.
BOAT for carbon tetrachloride was identified as BT. BT was selected as
BDAT because it represents full-scale data developed from BAD sampling and was used
as part of the BDAT Solvents Rule. The effluent concentration achievable by this
technology is supported by similar effluent concentrations from the SS and GAC
treatment performance data. The BDAT treatment standard for carbon tetrachloride
was calculated using the effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability
factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for carbon tetrachloride (0.057 ppm) is (.escribed in Section 5.0 and is shown in
Table 5-3.
NW/NW-054
3-22
-------
TABLES*
WABTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR CARBON TETRACHLORCE
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
FACUTY
iTECTION
UMIT
(ppb)
HANOI
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
AVERAOE
NO. OF EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS (ppb) (%) M)
REFERENCE
AL
AL.
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+I?
AS+FI
AbS
•BT
BT
CAC
QAC
QAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
sec*
TF
TF
WOx
WOx
PM
PM
PM
Ful
PM
Ful
Ful
PM
Ful
Ful
Btnch
Ful
Ful
PM
Ful
Ful
Bcnoh
203A
203A
203A
18
2068
8788
202D
88
2418
240A
•B
68
PM
PM
Ful
Ful
Pik*
PM
Ful
1
P22S
REF4
203A
12848
237A
242E
Zbnpra
Zbnpra
3238
660
2518
251B
203A
240A
Zbnpro
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
10000-100000
10000-100000
81-44000
86
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
860
2000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
4330000
1000000
14
14
14
6
20
9
8
12
14
2
8
17
1
14
1
1
10
10
14
12
1
11.000
16.000
13.000
16.000
0.200
3.000
1304X10
10.000
5.000
4.000
10.000
10.000
7800.000
10.000
8400
101.000
1.000
104)00
30000
1.000
304)00
24XX>
20.000
8.000
10.000
78
61
88
884V
944
88.32
98.7
884
90.7
8848
88
0
67
88
SSJ
4.000
12000.000
2000^000
88.8
88
864
6848
96.41
82
80.7
88.7
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*'
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
' Drift uttd In dtvttoptag th* ravtocd tn
H standard.
3-23
-------
3-3.5
The data available for chlorobenzene were compiled from the WERL
database, BDAT Solvents Rule data, and PACT* and WQx data from literature. These
data are presented in Table 3-10. Technologies for which data are available include
AFF, AL» AS, AirS, BGAC, BT, BT -I- AC, GAC, PACT*, RO, SS, and WQx. The
treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting
effluent concentrations ranged from 0200 ppb to 1,550,000 ppb.
BDAT for chlorobenzene was identified as BT. BT was selected as BDAT
because it represents full-scale data developed from EAD sampling and was used as part
of the BDAT Solvents Rule. The effluent concentration achievable by this technology is
supported by similar effluent concentrations from the AS and PACT* treatment
performance data. The BDAT treatment standard for chlorobenzene was calculated
using the effluent concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard
for chlorobenzene (0.057 ppm) is described in Section 5.0 and is shown in Table 5-3.
3-24
-------
TABLE 3-10
WASTlWATtR TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FORCHLQROBENZENB
RANGE AVERAGE
DEFECTION INFLUENT NO. OF EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY LMT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
TECHNOLOQY SIZE FACILITY (ppb) (pph) POINT! (ppb) <*) (%) REFERENCE
AFF
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AM
AM
BOAC
BT
BT
BT -
BT
•BT
BT+AC
QAC
GAG
GAC
GAG
PACT
FACT
PACT
PACT
BO
RG
HO
ss
WOK
WOK
f EADdtfa
A f%^A& -—..-..J
'MttUMO
Bl • • ah
^oijnon
BtflCf)
Bench
B«Mll
Fill
Ful
BMIOll
Ful
Ful
Ful
PBot
Plot
Fui
•* *-
osjnwi
Btncfi
•». — -*.
WNion
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
FuN
Ful
Fid
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
B«Mh
BtACil
•^—— >-
DVIIGn
Plot
Ful
Ful
Ful
BAA^I
BWMII
prMtnUd in th> BOAT
SOIA
3710
2008
2006
97SB
68
aooa
•7SB
97SB
IB
2068
241 B
9788
132BC
1328C
SOIA
P208
P24S
pass
REF4
pace
P246
245B
2458
237A
14210
68
2006)
242E
Zbnpfo
3238
2508
2908
2818
Zbnpre
Zbnpra
SObVWIV
0-100
1000-1 0000 .
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000*10000
10000-100000
0-100
829-40778
10-3040
443432
1900
79-489
10-7200
100-1000
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
31
0-100
0-100
1000*10000
100-1000
gfflflflflO
792000
Rub F001-F005 Background DocuriMnt
9
12
8
4
t
6
20
5
S
8
23
8
13
3
1
20
18
1
1
1
4
11
1
1
10
1
1
1.000
180.000
1.100
1.300
6.000
10.000
0.200
10.000
6.000
34300
1.300
4.000
12.000
18004)00
3300.000
0.290
8414)00
1014)00
yHQOO
12.000
10.000
90,000
10.000
10.000
104)00
0^50
10.000
0400
54)00
5.000
1ZOOO
44)00
120.000
104)00
1590000000
810004)00
90.7
84.7
88.17
99J1
94.8
98.9
8828
94.8
84
96.9
99.34
96.6
974
77
88
97.8
96.6
99.7
98.17
56
99.36
9947
84
64
50
53
914
97.4
72
824
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT**
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
3-25
-------
Currently, reliable analytical methods for the separation and subsequent
measurement of meta- and para-cresol do not exist Therefore, the Agency feels it is
appropriate to measure and regulate both isomers under one combined listing. The data
available for meta/para-cresol were compiled from the WERL database and are
presented in Table 3-11. Technologies for which data are available include
API+DAF+AS, AS, AnFF, RO, and SExt The treatment performance data represent
bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
72 ppb to 17,000 ppb.
BOAT for meta/para-cresol was identified as AS. Activated sludge was
selected as BOAT because it represents a demonstrated technology with a high removal
efficiency, and was also the BDAT chosen for the ortho isomers of cresoL The BOAT
treatment standard for meta/para-cresol was calculated using the effluent concentration
of 174 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for meta/para-cresol (0.77 ppm) is
described in Section S.O and is shown in Table 5-3.
NW/NW4IS4
3-26
-------
TABLE »12
WA8TEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FORoiftfrCRESOL
TECHNOLOQY
TECHNOLOGY 8CE FAOUTY
RANGE
DETECTION MFLUENT NO. OF
UMTT CONCENTRATION DATA
feobl (pob> POtJTB
AVERAOE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRAION
RECOVERY REMOVAL
Ott M)
AnFF
AnFF
AnFFwQAC
•BT
RO
23QA
P«o»
Ful
Fill
8480
10000W 000000
1000CV100000
10QOO^P'I OQQOQO
16662836 2
100-1000
,000
7800.000
28.000
14.000
78 WERL
88 WERL
88.7 WERL
BOAT**
88.8 WERL
* EAD drti prMtntod ta 9» BOAT
• DM UMd to dflratoptag «w ravfMd
Ruw F001-FOOB BMkgreund Da
3-29
-------
3*3*8 Cvciohetamme
Wastewater treatment performance data were not available for cyclohexa-
none from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were therefore
transferred to this constituent from methyl ethyl kttone, which was judged to be most
similar to cydohexanone in elemental composition and functional groups. The treatment
performance data that were transferred from methyl ethyl ketone to cydohexanone are
presented in Table 3-20. BDAT for cydohexanone was determined to be BT. A
treatment standard of 036 ppm was calculated for cydohexanone as described in Section
5.0 and shown in Table 5-3. The methyl ethyl ketone treatment performance data are
discussed in more detail in Section 33.16 of this document
NV/NW4B4
0603-02^j 3-30
-------
3.3.9
The data available for 1,2-dichlorobenzene were compiled from the WERL
database, BDAT Solvents Rule data, ami WOx data from literature. These data are
presented in Table 3-13. Technologies for which data are available include AFF, AL,
AS, AirS, BGAC, BT, BT + AC, GAC, PACT*, RBC, RO, and WOx. The treatment
performance data represent bench-scale, pilot-scale, and full-scale studies. The resulting
effluent concentrations ranged from 0.090 ppb to 2,017,000 ppb.
BDAT for 1,2-dichlorobenzene was identified as BT. BT was selected as
BDAT because it represents full-scale data developed from EAD sampling and was used
as part of the BDAT Solvents Rule. The effluent concentration achievable by mis
technology is supported by similar effluent concentrations from the WERL activated
sludge treatment performance data. Hie BDAT treatment standard for 1,2-dichloroben-
zene was calculated using the effluent concentration of 16 ppb and the appropriate
variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT
treatment standard for 1,2-dichlorobenzene (0.088 ppm) is described in Section 5.0 and is
shown in Table 5-3.
3-31
-------
TABLE 3-13
WA8TEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1.2-aCHLOflOBENZENE
RANGE AVERAGE
DETECTION INFLUENT NO. OF EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOOY UMTT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRAION RECOVERY REMOVAL
TECHNOLOOY SIZE FAOUTY (ppb) (pet* POINTS (ppfa) (*} (%) REFERENCE
AFF
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AbS
AIiS
BQAC
BT
*8T
BT
BT+AC
QAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
PACT
RBC
RO
RO
WOK
WOK
WOx
BMMit
Plot
Plot
• -— ^fc.
•jBjfppn
Ful
Fill
PM
PM
Ful
Fill
Ful
Ful
•t a-
•wnon
Ful
Ful
nmnntt
BJBJUWl
PM
BOftOH
Ful
Ful
•»— a-
0"JllQn
nmnrtt
DWIGn
PM
B4MWVI
Ful .
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
BMWH
BMMMI
Ful
Ful
PM
PM
PM
^ »-
OViwil
B«Mh
PM
501A
1820-
1880
3710
IB
68
1820
1820
68
IB
IB
68
2008
1B
1SS7E
2020
2418
1080E
37SE
68
10546
132BE
2228
501A
P24«
P202
P208
P24S
2456
14210
242f
2008
SB
6B
1980
3238
18BA
Zlmp»
Zfcnpn
78O
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
10000*100000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
0-100
0-100
768-2801
1360-4367
233-2391
7684278
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
900000
8530000
> 1000000
28
4-
3 •
330
2
3
4
14
8.
• .
10
8
7
3
8
1
34
14
4
10
17
1
14
10
4
1
1
1
0.360
10.000
100000
72400
6000
82.000
110.000
270.000
38400
84)00
2400
18400
8.000
10.000
1200
• 80.000
28400
1400
8400
10400
8.000
8800*000
0800
0.310
818400
18400
88400
178.000
10400
0270
8400
2400
88400
•4400
10400
11400
0090
180000400
2017000400
QBflnn fnfn
88
87.7
84J
87.8
88
88J
944
37
802
982
94J
8843
82,7
81.7
78
9844
932
984
87
824
98.4
74
88
984
984
90
83
87J
9O8
90
87.7
70
824
744
68.1
•8.7
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
BOAT*'
BOAT*
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
V/ERL
1 Date uMd In developing
HUM HOT-FOOB Background
3-32
-------
33.10
The data available for ethyl acetate were compiled from the WERL
database and the EPA WAO test These data are presented in Table 3-14. The
technologies for which data are available include AS and WOX. The treatment perfor-
mance data represent bench- and pilot-scale studies. Hie effluent concentrations ranged
from 60 ppb to 580 ppb.
BDAT for ethyl acetate was identified as AS. AS was selected as BOAT
because the data show a high influent concentration and a high removal efficiency. Hie
AS data were preferred over the EPA WAO test data due to the lower effluent values
achieved by activated sludge treatment The BDAT treatment standard for ethyl acetate
was calculated using the effluent concentration of 60 ppb and the appropriate variability
factor and accuracy correction factor. Hie calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for ethyl acetate (034 ppm) is described in Section 5.0 and is shown in
Table 5-3.
-------
DATA
POM 1IHVL AUil All
DATA CONCWIWOTON
1JO
3-34
-------
3J.11
Hie data available for ethyl benzene were compiled from the WERL
database, BDAT Solvents Rule data, and PACT* and WOx data from literature. These
data are presented in Table 3-15. Technologies for which date are available include AL,
AL + AS, AS, API + DAF + AS, AS + Fil, AirS, AirS + GAC, BT, CAC, GAG,
PACT*, RO, SS, TF, UF, and WOx. The treatment performance data represent bench-,
pilot-, and mil-scale studies with resulting effluent concentrations ranging from 0.020 ppb
to 30,000 ppb.
BDAT for ethyl benzene was identified as BT. BT was selected as BDAT
because it represents rail-scale data developed from BAD sampling and was used as part
of the BDAT Solvents Rule. The effluent concentration achievable by this technology is
supported by similar effluent concentrations from the WERL AS treatment performance
data. The BDAT treatment standard for ethyl benzene was calculated using the effluent
concentration of 10 ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for ethyl benzene
(0.057 ppm) is described in Section S.O and is shown in Table 5-3.
NW/NW-OS4
3-35
-------
TABLE 3-1S
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR ETHYL BENZENE
TECHNOLOGY
AL
AL
AL
AL+AS
API+QAF+AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
TECHNOLG
SIZE
Plot
Plot
Fill
Ful
Ful
Banch
Ful
Plot
Ful
Ful
Plot
Ful
Ful
Ful
BMICh
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Plot
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
not
Plot
Ful
Fill
Ful
i* *-
DBJfUjfl
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
BflAcA
DET1
KIT • L
FAOLTTY 0
203A
203A
IS
2330
1482D
aooB
ana
206S
as
23SA
24QA
68
234A
234A
2020
68
873B
IB
97SB
IS
2418
IB
IB
18
1B
SB
1B
9788
20M
pen
IB
18
IB
an
OB
6B
68
IB
68
2008
RANOE
ECTION MFLUENT
MIT CONCENTRATI
Mfei (PPtt
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
10000*100000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
.0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
23800
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
10000-100000
100-1000
NO. OF
ON DATA
POMTS
14
14
4
a
4
6
If
20
3
3
14
24
4
•
4
s
3
8
4
8
3
3
14
•
18
29
4
7
12
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION RECO
(ppb) f
12.000
27.000
10X100
4X100
3JOO
0.700
6.000
0.200
10000
OJOO
1.000
10.000
OJOO
0200
80.000
10000
8.000
f.000
10000
3 OOP
5.000
8X100
14)00
1.000
5.000
2S.OOO
3.000
f 000
8JOO
368JOO
4.000
2.000
1.000
OJOO
1OOOO
104X10
10000
1.000
1OOOO
OJOO
(VERY REMOVAI
0 (%)
80
76
88
88J3
88JB
90 JO
02.8
88.78
8U
ViZ
88.4
84.4
8814
8BJ2
88J7
88.47
8BJ
90.7
88.4
88
S7J
88
88.1
87.7
79
88.7
98.4
•7
94J
97J
90aB
90.17
88J
87J
98J
87.4
89
8M7
98J
L
REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT §
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
AO DH» prmnMd In •»
Run FOOI-raOB BMftgmiM Document
3-36
-------
TABLE 9-18 (ConftMMdl
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR ETHYL BENZENE
RANGE AVERAGE
DETECTION INFLUENT NO. OF EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY UMTT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
TECHNOLOGY SIZE FAC8JTY (ppb) (ppb) PQWT8 (ppb} fft) (K) REFERENCE
AS+FI
AW
AbS
AirS+QAC
•BT
•BT
•BT
•BT
•BT
•BT
•BT
•BT
BT
•BT
•BT
•BT
•BT
•BT
CAC
QAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
ss
TF
TF
TF
TF
UF
WOx
WOx
WO* (81
WOx(B]
Ful
PM
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
PM
Ful
Bwtfifi
Btncli
BiBficfi
>•» — •-
DVfUjfft
PM
PM
Ful
PM
PM
PM
Ful
Ful
PM
Ful
Ful
Bwieh
B«Mh
68
224B
69A
229A
P211
P234
P221
pan
R238
P215
P242
P244
P297
P902
P290
P299
P2B1
P2BS
203A
14210
242E
Zlmpre
200B
Zbnpre
180A
2906
2908
REF2
240A
203A
IB
IB
2008
Zfcnpio 80
842E
10B4E
10B4E
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
12923-80000
104880
10-140
3397-369B
220-3380
58*4180
190483
909
yj m§
06-698
101-3040
22-230
1238-1380
10-144
100-1000
0-100
0-100
188
0-100
21
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
23800
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1iGGO
-------
33.12 Ethvl Ether
The data available for ethyl ether were compiled from the WERL database
and are presented in Table 3*16. The only technology for which data were available was
full-scale RO treatment The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 17 ppb to
24ppb.
BDAT for ethyl ether was identified as RO. RO was selected as BDAT
because it represents full-scale demonstrated treatment with a high removal efficiency.
The BDAT treatment standard for ethyl ether was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 205 ppb (which represents the average of the data presented) and the
appropriate variability actor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting BDAT treatment standard for ethyl ether (0.12 ppm) is described in Section 5.0
and is shown in Table 5-3.
NU/MW4S4
060342.** 3-38
-------
TABLE 3-16
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR ETHYL ETHER
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY SIZE FAOUTY
LIMIT
(ppb)
RANGE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb»
AVERAGE
NO. OF EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS _ (ppto) (X) (%)
REFERENCE
•BO
•HO
Fill
Ful
100-1000
100-1000
17.000
24.000
68
82.8
WERL
' 1MB ua«d indevelopingttw mriMd
3-39
-------
33.13 laobntvl Alcohol
The data available for isobutyl alcohol include leachate treatment perfor-
mance data submitted by industry. These data are presented in Table 3-17. BT was the
only technology for which data were available. The resulting average effluent
concentration was 2,000 ppb.
Based on industry-submitted leachate data available for isobutyl alcohol,
BOAT for isobutyl alcohol was identified as BT. The BOAT treatment standard for
isobutyl alcohol was calculated using the effluent concentration of 2000 ppb and the
appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting BDAT treatment standard for isobutyl alcohol (5.6 ppm) is described in Section
S.O and is shown in Table 5-3.
NRJ/NW-054
3-40
-------
TAB1S-17
BLfACHA
DATA *OH»OtUTYl ALCOHOL
MPLMNT NO. OF VAUNT
TtCHNOtoov • u«r eoNCBmiKfiaN DATA CONCCNTRATON maoimt WMOVAU
TECHNOLOOY 181 FACUTY teoM t** PQHi» tocM <%> (%)
2000 2B0041000 • MOfcQOO 7741
3-41
-------
3.3.14
The data available for methanol were compiled from the WERL database,
PACT* data from literature, and leachate treatment performance data submitted by
industry. These data are presented in Table 3-18. Technologies for which data are
available include PACT*, SS, WOx, and BT. The treatment performance data represent
bench-, pilot-, and rail-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
10 ppb to 290,000 ppb.
Based on industry-submitted leachate data available for methanol, BDAT
for methanol was identified as BT. The BDAT treatment standard for methanol was
calculated using the effluent concentration of 2000 ppb and the appropriate variability
factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment
standard for methanol (5.6 ppm) is described in Section S.O and is shown in Table 5-3.
NU/NW4M
3-42
-------
TABLE 3-18
WA8TEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FORMETHANOL
RANOC AVERAGE
OETECTION MFLUENT NO. OF EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY UMTT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
TECHNOLOGY SIZE FACILITY tophi tophi POINTS tophi (%) (*) REFERENCE
PACT BMMh Zbnpra 208000 1 10.000 09.99 WAO
SS Plot . 10B2E . 1000000 230000.000 84 WERL
WOx Ful 242E 1000000 210000.000 89.0 WERL
WOx Bench 78O 1000000 290000.000 81 WERL
•BT CWM 2000 78004100 3 2000.00 8723 LEACHATE
•D«Uu»ed in devetoptog the r«vt««d treatment itinderd.
3-43
-------
3.3.15 Methvlene Chloride
The data available for raethylene chloride were compiled from the BAD
and WERL databases, BOAT Solvents Rule data, and WQx and PACT* data from
literature. Technologies for which data are available include AS, AS+Fil, AirS,
AirS+GAC, BT, BT+AC, CAC+AirS, GAC, PACT*, RO, SS, TF, and WQx. These
data are presented in Table 3-19. The treatment performance data represent bench-,
pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine BOAT treatment standards for this constituent for the following
reasons:
(1) Hie HAD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include
long-term sampling of several industries, therefore, the Agency
believes these data are representative of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) Hie EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining a
promulgated EAD limit
(3) A promulgated EAD limit represents data that have undergone
further review, and have received acceptance by both EPA and
industry.
BDAT for methylene chloride was identified as SS (steam stripping). Hie
BDAT treatment standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average
effluent concentration of 22.956 ppb and the EAD Option 1 variability factor (32). The
calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for methylene chloride (0.089
ppm) is described in Section 5.0 and is shown in Table 5-3.
MV/NW434
3-44
-------
The treatment standard for methylene chloride in the pharmaceutical
industry wastes is not being revised It'wfll remain 0.44 mg/L.
3-45
-------
TABLE 3-19
WASTEWATEH TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR METHYLENE CHLORIDE
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
FAOUTY
UMfT
teobt
RANGE
MFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPb>
AVERAOE
NO. OF EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
FONTS teobt OB (%)
REFERENCE
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+FI
AW
AM
AM+OAC
Ful
Fid
Ful
Fill
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
IB
IB
IS
234A
2MB
IB
IB
IB
18
1B
238A
234A
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
3756
68
18
IB
1B
18
88
IB
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Fill
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
1199E
234A
1B
1B
8418
3781
18
3781
18
18
Ful
0-100
0-100
MOO
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
frIOO
100000-1000000
0-100
1000-1000?
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
10000-100000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
109-1008
100-1000
3
3
4
27
e
4
3
4
3
7
40
8
10
3
3
8
8
10
8
8
4
8
7
8
7
8
8
7
8
3
18
23400
174)00
314)00
24)00
45.000
0.430
84)00
130.000
104)00
61.000
11.000
8104)00
104)00
54.000
184)00
31.000
23.000
10.000
17.000
134)00
84
72
31
8&3
81
84
87
77
34
78
88
88.72
72
74
98.74
77
87J
78
31
44)00
980*000
120004)08
17.000
1104)09
84)00
814)00
55.000
2000*000
204X10
284)00
34)00
14X10
98.4
9841
14
34
90.3
8
88
84
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
3-46
-------
TABLE 3-19 (Continued)
WASTIWAT1RTMATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FORMfTHVLENECHLORfiE
HANOI AVERAGE
OETECTION MFUIENT NO. Of EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY UMTT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
TECHNOLOQY 8BE FACUTY (PPb> B»» POINT8 tophi Qi} (*) REFERENCE
BT Fill P246 27480? 11 11.000 . BOAT*
HT Pul P26S 800-780 3 27.000 BOAT*
BT+AC Ful P246 104680 21 10.000 BOAT*
CAC+AfcS Ful 18SSO 0-100 28 2.400 824 WERL
QAC Fui 2480 100-1000 1 10400 88 WERL
QAC Ful ZS7A 100-1000 1 10.000 94.4 WERL
PACT B*nch 242E 0-100 20.000 78 WERL
PACT BMMh Zhnpra 84 1 20400 79 WAO
RO Ful 2SOB 100-1000 80.000 88 WERL
RO Ful 2MB 10000-100000 15000.000 44 WERL
•SB Ful 729 10 1M100 19 217.300 BAD*
•S3 Ful 819 10 200-10400 14 104X10 EAD*
•S3 Ful 41ST 10 188-12100 18 10JOO EAD*
88 Ful 88 1000-10000 18 104XX) S8J2 WERL
88 Ful 2518 1000-10000 10 . 104X0 80.17 WERL
88 Ful 2S1B 1000000 10 114X10 100 WERL
S8 Ful 8B 1000-10000 8 78.000 88.1 WERL
SB Fill P12008 229000-12000000 40 24419.000 BOAT*
38 Ful 68 100-1000 2 10.000 98 WERL
S3 Ful P284 188-12100 IS 10,000 BOAT*
TF Ful 18 0-100 8 204X0 87 WERL
TF Fid 37SE 0-100 7 124X0 8 WERL
TF Ful IB 0-100 9 294X0 91 WERL
TF Ful 1B 0-100 S 58.000 40 WERL
TF Ful IB 0-100 5 21400 77 WERL
TF Ful IB 100-1000 8 18400 88 WERL
TF Ful IB 100-1000 4 120.000 56 WERL
TF Ful 975E 100-1000 7 214X0 88 WERL
TF Ful 1B 100-1000 8 974X0 88 WERL
WOx REF10 190004800000 9 80004X0 BOAT*
WOx Plot Zbnpra 60000 1 10400 8BJ WAO
WOx PM 780 10-100 104X0 99.98 WERL
WOx Ful 242E 100000-1000000 84.000 8840 WERL
* EAD data praMMM ki »• BOAT BwMnli RUM FOOvrDOB Background Doounwnt
3-47
-------
3.3.16 Methvl Ethvl Ketone
The data available for methyl ethyl ketone were compiled from the
NPDES and WERL databases, PACT* and WOx data from literature, EPA WAO test
data, and leachate treatment performance data submitted by industry. These data are
presented in Table 3-20. Technologies for which data were available include AS,
PACT*, WOx, WOx-i-PACT*, and BT. The treatment performance data represent
bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies with resulting effluent concentrations ranging from
0.01 ppb to 27,000 ppb.
Based on industry-submitted leachate data available for methyl ethyl
ketone, BOAT for methyl ethyl ketone was identified as BT. The BOAT treatment
standard for methyl ethyl ketone was calculated using the effluent concentration of 100
ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
calculation of the resulting BOAT treatment standard for methyl ethyl ketone (028 ppm)
is described in Section 5.0 and is shown in Table 5-3.
NW/NW-OS4
3-48
-------
TABLES*)
WA8TEWATER TREATMENT P6HFOHMANCE DATA
FOR METHYL ETHYL K£TONC
RANQE AVERAGE
DETECTION MFLUENT NO. OF EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY LOT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
TECHNOLOGY SCE FAC9JTY (ppb> (ppb> POUTS (ppb> Ml Ml
AS
AS
AS
PACT
PACT
PACT
WOK
WC*
WC* + PACT
WOxfB]
WOK[B]
*8T
•BT
Piol
NYOOSSTgg
NYD072231
IN0038078
NH0001903
241B
100-1000
10000>1UOOOO
PM
Zbnpio
ZIffl|MO
Zknpre
242E
Zknpre
780
780
CWM
CWM
300
•8
10
14
1
S
9
7
1
1
1
100
100
100
1000000
laoopp-aoooo
1000000
100000-1000000
2000-19000
-7087
3
3
3.400
30.400
779.380
27000*000
9.000
900.000
900.000
14400
1.000
0.010
10004)00
2900.000
100.000
1000*000
1000.000
100.000
100.000
NPDE8
NPOES
NPOES
WERL
99.7
ftAJEtfl
TTEfflk
WERL
WAO
994 WAO
WAO
WAO
WERL
994 WAO
99J WERL
99.8 WERL
09.79
LEACHATE
LEACHATE
' Data uMd In d«v«lop«ng «• raidMd
3-49
-------
33.17 Methvt Isobutvl Ketone
The data available for methyl isobutyl ketone were compiled from the
WERL and NPDES databases, BOAT Solvent Rule data, EPA WAO test data, and
*
leachate treatment performance data submitted by industry. These data are presented in
Table 3-21. Technologies for which data were available include AS, RO, SS, WOx,
WQx+PACI*, and BT. The treatment performance data represent pilot- and full-scale
studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 5 ppb to 70,900 ppb.
Based on industry-submitted leachate data available for methyl isobutyl
ketone, BDAT for methyl isobutyl ketone was identified as BT. The BOAT treatment
standard for methyl isobutyl ketone was calculated using the effluent concentration of SO
ppb and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for methyl isobutyl ketone (0.14
ppm) is described in Section 5.0 and is shown in Table 5-3.
NW/MW4S4
3-50
-------
TABLE Ml
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOB METHYL MOBUTYL KETONE
RANQE AVERAGE
DETECTION NFUJENT NO. Of EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY UMfT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATiON RECOVERY REMOVAL
TECHNOLOGY 8BE FAOUTY (ppb) (ppb) POINT1 teebt (£ BB REFERENCE
NHOOMS03 1 70*00.000 NPOES
AS Plot REF2 78400 • 41117.000 BOAT*
AS Wot 241B 100-1000 4 1000 SS.1 WERL
RO Ful 2908 100-1000 1&000 «J WERL
SS Pto« REF2 76400 S 10.000 BOAT*
WOK Ful 243E 100000-1000000 &000 90.90 WERL
WOx + PACT P8a» • Zmpra SO 620000430000 3 80.000 WAO
*BT CWM 90 1400-7HO 9 80.000 MJI LEACHATE
•BT BMdi CWM 50 ~21«7 S 50.000 97Jt LEACHATE
t EAD date pwtnttd In th« BOAT SoMnti Ruto F001-F006 Background Dooum^nt
wrioptng *• rawlMd ttMttMrt Kandwd.
3-51
-------
33.18 Nitrobenzene
The data for nitrobenzene were compiled from the HAD and WERL
databases, BDAT Solvents Rule data, and WOx data from literature. These data are
presented in Table 3-22. Technologies for which data are available include AL, AS,
AirS, BT, BT+AC, chemical oxidation (ChOx), liquid-liquid extraction (LL), LL+SS,
LL+SS+AC, PACT11, SCOx, SS, SS+AC, and WOx. The treatment performance data
represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the BAD database were
used to determine the BDAT treatment standard for this constituent for the following
reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include
long-term sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency
believes these data are representative of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining a
promulgated EAD limit
(3) A promulgated EAD limit represents data that have undergone
further review and have received acceptance by both EPA and
industry.
BDAT for nitrobenzene was identified as steam stripping followed by
activated carbon (SS+AQ. The BDAT treatment standard was calculated using the
EAD median long-term average effluent concentration of 14 ppb and the EAD Option 1
variability factor (32). The calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for
nitrobenzene (0.068 ppm) is described in Section 5.0 and is shown in Table 5-3.
MU/NW454
3-52
-------
TABLE $42
WA8TEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR NITROBENZENE
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
FAOUTY
UMTT
RANOE AVERAOE
MFLUENT NO. OF EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRAION RECOVERY REMOVAL
tophi POINTB tophi Ml At) REFERENCE
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AirS
BT
BT+AC
ChOx
LL
LL
LL+SS
LL+SS+AC
PACT
PACT
PACT
PACT
SCO*
Ful
Ful
Fill
3710
9758
Fu8
Fill
Ful
Wot
878B
88)
241B
IB
241B
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
P248
F24S
878B
K104 30
K103 30
K103/K104 30
K103/K104 30
II
1000*10000
100*1000
1000*10000
10000*100000
10000*100000
100*1000
100*1000
1000*10000
100*1000
100*1000
IQJMOOO
821*80800
0-100
330
3
18
4
1
10
8
14
18
2200000*3800000 8
1800000*3000000 8
1500000*3800000 8
1800000*3800000 4
100*1000
Ful
87SB
Pflat
Fill
SB Ful
•SS+AC Ful
•SS+AC Ful
SS+AC Ful
WOK
P287
P248
800 14
2880 14
P287
ZJmpra
1000*10000
100*1000
100-1000
j000000
87000430000
91200*1808780
8128000
12
10
15
37
10
10
1
88.000
120.000
180.000
2200^000
3400
3.400
14400
10400
23*000
32400
88000400
737400
287400
2400
2420000400 118
2200000.000 IIS
2400400 119
30430 118
21400
14400
2400
3.700
22400
11783400
251325400
87.7 WERL
72 WERL
88.1 WERL
884 WERL
874 WERL
87J WERL
88.48 WERL
88.78 WERL
82.3 WERL
8" WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
BOAT*
18
884
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
712400
713400
258000400
WERL
98.3 WERL
88.7 WERL
9848 WERL
BOAT*
BOAT*
BAD*
EAD*
BOAT*
88 MMO
* EAD ate prMcntM to vw BOAT
• Data UMd in developing ttorwfa
Ruto F001.FOOB BacfcQraund Dooumont
3-53
-------
3.3.19
The data available for pyridine were compiled from the WERL database
and EPA WAO test data. These data are presented in Table 3-23. Technologies for
which data are available include AS, AnFF, and WQx + PACT*. The treatment perfor-
mance data represent bench-, and pilot-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 0.900 ppb to 1900 ppb.
BDAT for pyridine was identified as AnFF. AnFF was selected as BDAT
since this demonstrated biological treatment technology showed substantial treatment to
levels below pyridine's detection limit The BDAT treatment standard for pyridine was
calculated using an effluent concentration of 2.4 ppb (the detection limit for pyridine)
and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of
the resulting BDAT treatment standard for pyridine (0.014 ppm) is described in Section
5.0 and is shown in Table 5-3.
NU/NW4M
(HOWB..J 3-54
-------
TABLE «3
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FORPYRIDME
RANGE AVERAGE
DETECTION MFLUENT NO. OF EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY UMTT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
TECHNOLOaY SIZE FAOLfTY teoM (ppb> POINTS (ppb> (%) (%) REFERENCE
AS Bwwh 1054E 1000-10000 1900.000 37 WERL
•AnFF PM 2380 1000-10000 . OJOOM 9M WERL
WOx + PACT PM ZImpn >iaOOOO 3 146.000 OBJ WAO
* D«te UMd In dvvtleping KM nvtocd (tandwd.
*• QuMtttod b^owHw drtMfen HmK (2.4 ppg).
3-55
-------
3.3.20 Tetrachloroethvlene
The data for tetrachloroethylene were compiled from the HAD and WERL
databases, BOAT Solvents Rule data, and PACT* data from literature. These data are
presented in Table 3-24. Technologies for which data are available include AL» AS,
AS+Fil, AirS, AnFF, BT, CAC+AirS, ChOx, Chred, GAC, PACT*, RO, SS, TF, UV,
and WOx. The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale
studies.
The treatment performance data available from the BAD database were
used to determine the BOAT treatment standard for this constituent for the following
reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include
long-term sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency
believes these data are representative of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining a
promulgated EAD limit
(3) A promulgated EAD limit represents data that have undergone
further review, and have received acceptance by both EPA and
industry.
BDAT for tetrachloroethylene was identified as SS (steam stripping). The
BDAT treatment standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average
effluent concentration of 10.4 ppb and the EAD Option 1 variability factor (32). Hie
calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for tetrachloroethene (0.056 ppm)
is described in Section 5.0 and is shown in Table 5-3.
NU/HW4M
3-56
-------
TABLE «4
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
LOROETHYIENE
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
SIZE
FACUTY
UMtT
fob)
RANGE
MFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppb)
AVERAGE
NO. OF EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS teob) mi MI
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+FI
AS+FI
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AM
AbS
AW
AbS
AnFF
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
PM
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
PM
PM
Ful
PM
PM
PM
Ful
IB
18
1B
1B
238A
1S87E
234A
IB
234A
1B
1B
1B
IB
241B
IB
2018
IB
IB
1B
234A
IB
1B
IB
SB
88
221B
710
2238
2178
2078
2208
PM
PM
Plot
Ful
Ful
PM
K
2148
1042B
724O
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
3
8
4
3
3
4
8
s
3
s
8
22
4
8
8
8
8
4
3
18
1
10400
10400
2400
8400
£100
OJ70
22400
1.800
1400
SJOO
8400
8400
28400
11400
440400
80
83
87J
88
87
87J
48
87
88
88.7
78
88.7
49
71
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
28400
OJOO
8.000
14.000
100.000
230«000
11400
OJOO
OJOO
OJOO
OJOO
OJOO
S3
78
78
SBJ
74
83
8844
87.7
88.7
88.43
84J
88.73
OJOO
OJOO
OJOO
S
3
1*00
8400
4.400
88.4
88.78
88.17
87.1
88J1
88.71
88.78
88.74
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WEHL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
3-57
-------
TABLE »24(OoflBniMd|
WA8TEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FORTfTRACHLOROOTHVLBNE
RANOC AVERAGE
DETECTION MFLUENT NO. Of EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY LJMfT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
TECHNOLOGY SIZE FAOUTY tecM (ppbt POINTS fepM (%j (K)
BT Ful P228 OS41SOO IS 47.000 BOAT*
BT Fill mo 110-1740 12 ' 10.000 BOAT*
BT Put HEM 82 1 7300 BOAT*
CAC+AbS Fid 1830D 0-100 7 0.100 It WEHL
ChOx PM 2028A 0-100 4 1000 « WERL
ChOx PM 2028A . 0-100 4 1.700 M WERL
Chrad B«Mh 200 1 8.000 ART
QAC Ful 12048 0-100 1.000 08.2 WERL
QAC Fill 2488 1000-10000 1 1OOOO 90.13 WERL
QAC Ful 237A 100-1000 1 1OOOO OBJ WERL
PACT Band! 242E 100-1000 1OOOO 824 WERL
PACT Bamh 2bnpra 304 1.000 ».7 WAO
PACT B«noh Zlmpra 130 1 104)00 83 WAO
RO PM 3298 0-100 1 301000 Of WERL
RO PM 180A 0-100 QSSO 01 WERL
•S3 Ful 013 10 10800441000 14 18.400 EAD*
88 Ful * 2518 1000-10000 10 10.000 08J9 WERL
S3 Fid* 88 10000-100009 2 10.000 OMB WERL
TF Fid IB 0-100 8 12.000 81 WERL
TF Fid IB 100-1000 8 2&000 8» WERL
TF Fid IB 0-100 3 184)00 84 WERL
TF Fid 18 0-100 4 14)00 08J WERL
TF Fid IB 0-100 8 6.000 82.7 WERL
TF Fid IB 0-109 8 34)09 844 WERL
UV[B] BMMh 11386 0-100 1 74X» OB WERL
WOx REF10 41000 1 10004)09 BOAT*
WOx PM 780 1000000 8004»0 804» WERL
Date uMd In dmvloplng «w raviMd
3-58
-------
3.3.21
The data available for toluene were compiled from the HAD and WERL
databases, BDAT Solvents Rule data, WQx and PACT* data from literature, and EPA
WAO test data. These data are presented in Table 3-25. Technologies for which data
are available include AL» AL+AS, API+DAF+ AS, AS, AS+Fil, AirS, AirS+GAC, BT,
BT+ AC, GAC, PACT*, RO, SS, SS+AC, TF, UF, WOx+PACT* and WOx. The
treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
•
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the BDAT treatment standard for this constituent for the following
reasons:
(1) The BAD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by BAD include
long-term sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency
believes these data are representative of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of -unknown
characteristics. *
(2) The BAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These 'data were used in determining a
promulgated EAD limit
(3) A promulgated EAD limit represents data that have undergone
further review, and have received acceptance by both EPA and
industry. .
BDAT for toluene was identified as SS (steam stripping). The BDAT
treatment standard was calculated WHi*g the EAD median long-term average of 10 ppb
and the' EAD Option 1 variability factor (32). The calculation of the resulting BDAT
treatment standard for toluene (0.080 ppm) is described in Section 5.0 and is shown in
Table 5-3.
MWNW4M
OM942.* 3-59
-------
TABLE34B
WA8TEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR TOLUENE
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
FAC8JTY
UMTT
(PObt
RANGE
WFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
AVERAGE
NO. Of EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENnUTION
FONTS
(IB
REMOVAL
(*)
AL-
AL
AL
AL+AS
API+DAF+AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
A3
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
Ful
Fid
Ft*
Ft*
3710
IB
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
IB
8788
68
87SB
68
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
1B
875B
IB
234A
IB
15876
2018
IB
IB
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
241B
100-1000
1000*10000
100-1000
1000*10000
10000^100000
10000*100000
10000*100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
10000-100000
100-1000
1000-10000
1000*10000
1000»10QOQ
1000*10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
1000*10000
100000-1000000
100-1000
100-1000
>100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0.100
0-100
100-1000
100*1000
0-100
0*100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100*1000
0-100
0-100
100*1000
0
21
4
•
3
10
24
0
10
3
10.000
90000
32.000
4X100
11.000
10000
734)00
10JOOO
12.000
784HO
902
87
88.1
98J7
8BJ8
88JO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
14
-4
8
10XMO
9000
10000
24.000
280X100
10000
234)00
2&000
300*000
KUJOO
10.000
99.73
8BJ1
88.78
88J
88J
87J
87J
7.600
44)00
0,700
4
8
3
3
8
4
S
0.100
874)00
124)00
14)00
0200
44)00
24)00
8400
10000
24)00
4.000
87.1
80S
88
87
802
8741
82.7
94.4
87.1
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
3-60
-------
TABLE 34B(Con6mMd)
WA8TEWATEH TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR TOLUENE
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY SIZE FAOUTY
DETECTION
LMff
(ppbt
MFUKNT
CONUftHIRAIXJN
teoM
AVERAGE
NO. OF EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
POKT8 fephi fltl flB
AS
AS
AS
AS
A3
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS + F1
AM
AM
AlrS
AbS
AM
AM
AM
AM
AM+QAC
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
Ful
Ful
Ful
Fill
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Wot
Ful
Ful
Ful
Pttot
Ful
Ful
234*
IB
1B
IB
1B
2MA
IB
1B
IB
234A
IB
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
•
•
•
5
8
8
ao
0.200
3.000
20.000
1400
14)00
0500
£000
•7.3
•7.4
87.7
SBJ
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
88.78
Ful
Fur
224B
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
P20B
P211
P244
P210
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
10000>100000
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
10000-100000
0-100
68447478
11B» 1000
00-188
1108
P217
P234
P242
P221
1290-1631
10401
774
P281
1760-18800
3
24
•
3
8
8
1
6
3
18
10
7
ao
i
2
3
3
2
3
14
1
3
3
27
3
10X00
OJDO
314)00
23467.000
104)00
WERL
WERL
WERL
86.4
88.77
WERL
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
1.700
24)00
0900
82.4
87
87.4
WERL
WERL
1144X10
14)00
14814)00
104)00
10.000
10.000
10.000
104)00
734)00
214)00
10.000
10.000
10.000
104)00
430*000
104)00
103400
124X0
10.000
88.18
80
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT 3otv«n» HUM H101-F006
3-61
-------
TABLE M5(ConftHM*
WA8TEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR TOLUENE
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY SIZE PACUTY
DETECTION
UMIT
teoM
RANGE
MFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
tecM
AVERAGE
NO. OF EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
POPffB tepM _ fltt (%> REFERENCE
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT+AC
QAC
QAC
QAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
ss
88
SS+AC
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
UF
WCx
WOx
WOx
WCx
WOx
WOx
WCx
WCx + PACT
WCx[B]
WC«[B1
WOx[BI
wox(B|
•Ful
Ful
Fill
Ful
Ful
PM
Ful
PM
P2M
P21S
P230
REF4
P248
4368
24000-160000
77-1
Ful
PM
Ful
Ful
Ful
2KB
242E
Zbnpra
Zbnpra
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
PM
2808
0415»*
aa
68
0418*
REF4
P249
P287
68
IB
IB
18
18
18
10000>100000
10000*100000
120
100-1000
0-100
2730
57
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
10
10
1000-10000
10000-100000
2570-4230
92000
57-68
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
Plot
Ful
Ful
PM
REF10
Zbnpra
Zbnpra
Zbnpra
780
Zbnpra
7W
780
10641
1084E
4330000 •
8000
90000
6200042000
100-1000
10000-100000
130000-180000
1000-10000
10000-100000
10000-100000
1000000
3
3
18
1
10
1
1
13
3
2
3
4
8
4
3
3
8
6
8
6
4
1
1
1
2
76.000
10.000
10.000
113.000
10.000
10.000
0400
OJOO
8.000
1.000
5.000
2ftOOO
12400
90.78
9M
91
12400
10.000
12.000
22900
42.000
iaooo
11400
iaooo
iaooo
7.000
zooo
1400
7400
88
84.7
99.71
9946
984
972
902
97.8
99.7
90
10980400
87400
72
8.000
1000400
98.7
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
WERL
WSHL
WERL
EAO*
WERL
WERL
EAO*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
WAO
WAO
WAO
WAO
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
i pnttima m m» BOAT
Ofllft UMO bl MWMOpMQ vMI IWiMO V^MbMnt 8lMWflro\
3-62
-------
3.3.22 1.1.1-TrtchloroethaBC
The data available for 1,1,1-trichlorocthane were compiled from the BAD
and WERL databases, BDAT Solvents Rule data, and WOx and PACT* data from
literature. These data are presented in Table 3-26. Technologies for which data are
available include AL, AS, AirS, BT, GAC, PACT, RO, SS, TF, UV, and WOx. The
treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the BDAT treatment standard for this constituent for the following
reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from die
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include
long-term sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency
believes these data are representative of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining a
promulgated EAD limit
(3) A promulgated EAD limit represents data that have undergone
further review, and have received acceptance by both EPA and
industry.
BDAT for 1,1,1-trichloroethane was identified as SS (steam stripping). The
BDAT treatment standard was calculated using the BAT* median long-term average
effluent concentration of 10 ppb iMKl the EAD Option 1 variability factor (32). Hie
calculation of the resulting BDAT treatment standard for 1,1,1-trichloroethane (0.064
ppm) is described in Section 5.0 and is shown in Table 5-3.
MU/NW4M
3-63
-------
TABLE «•
WA8TEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
TECHNOLOC
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
A3
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
f EADdatapr
TECHNC
IV SB
Fill
Ful
Fu»
Ful
Fill
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Fill
Ful
Plot
Ful
Fill
Fill
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Plot
Ful
Ful
Ful
BwMh
Plot
PM
Montedbitti
OEIfcClk!
X.OOY UMTT
E FACILITY (ppb)
IB
201 B
1B
284A
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
88
375E
IB
975B
234A
206B
IB
IB
IB
18
IB
234A
238A
234A
1B
238A
1S87E
18
3756
IB
IB
1B
241B
18
IB
284A
2020
REF8
REF2
M BOAT Sdvoflo) Rub F001-HX
RANGE
JN INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPO)
0-100
0-100
0-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100000-1000000
2S7
150000
IB Bicfcpiound Pooumoni
NO. OF
DATA 0
POINTS
8
8
•4
• 6
B
4
8
8
3
7
4
20 .
3
• 3
3
S
7
3
3
3
S
5
3
1
8
L
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
DNCENTRATION RECOVi
too) Ml
10X00
21X00
10X00
1X00
880X00
8X00
10X00
10X00
12X00
10X00
1.000
12X00
4.000
1X00
0X00
84X00
5X00
30X00
5X00
28X00
1JOO
2200
1X00
2X00
2X00
0270
100X00
1X00
7X00
8X00
2X00
8X00
1X00
4X00
1X00
1600X00
23X00
48883X00
.
3W REMOVAL
M)
80
78
88
99.88
87
84
84
81
80
8BX
92X
87
98.1
87J
98.77
88
882
38
96
94X
78
85
73
95X
77
88.73
70
82X
88
84
86X
872
98.4
88
88
88X
REFERENCE
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
BOAT*
3-64
-------
TABLE SatConftHMd)
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1,1,1-TRBHLOROETHANE
RANGE
DETECTION INFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY LIMIT CONCENTRATION
TECHNOLOGY SIZE FACUTY bob) tooM
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AfaS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
BT
QAC
QAC
QAC
QAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
RO
88
•88
SS
TF
TF
TF
TF
UV(B]
we*
WOK
WOx
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
P*X
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
Ful
Plot
Ful
Bonoh
Ful
, Ful
Plot
BMMh
Bmeh
EkMicfi
Plot
Ful
Plot
Ful
Ful
Ful
Plot
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Bench
Ful
Ful
211B
207B
812E
2228
812E
211B
1382E
812E
217B
20BE
1344E
218B
P240
1382E
1284B
1284B
812E
2426
Zbnpie
Zlmpra
180A
2908
S23B
2SOB
68
818 10
REF2
37SE
18
IB
IB
11381
REF10
Zknpn go
242E
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-tOOO
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
10318
10-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
4870
408
0-100
100-1000
'0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
1190MHTOO
190000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
370000
09QO|89QO
10000^^1000000
NO. OF
DATA
POINTS
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
.
1
1
1
14
8
7
8
6
8
1
2
AVERAGE
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
tDOtt (XI Ml REFERENCE
1.000
0.800
484)08
1.109
84)00
1.700
130.000
12.000
0.300
74)00
0200
0.800
10.000
14)00
1.000
14)00
14)00
254)00
14)00
284)00
0.090
38.000
2.000
iaooo
104)00
104)00
•mmnp
14)00
£000
ZOOQ
8.000
304)00
1000,000
400iOOO
89J
8741
9841
89.79
924
99.8
8741
89
87
984)
994)9
98.7
8929
9941
9828
894)8
9341
992
932
992
852
872
982
90.04
SO
9£8
982
922
40
8929
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD*
snv
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
WAO
WERL
* EAD data piMMM In «w BOAT Sato** Ruto F001-F008 BMkgraund DocumM*.
3-65
-------
33.23
The data available for trichloroethylene were compiled from the HAD anc
WERL databases, BOAT Solvents Rule data, and PACT1 and WOx data from literature
These data are presented in Table 3-27. Technologies for which data are available
include Chred, AS, AirS, BT, BT+AC, CAC+AirS, ChOx, GAG, PACT*, RO, SS, IF,
UV, and WOx. The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale
studies.
The treatment performance data available from the BAD database were
used to determine the BDAT treatment standard for this constituent for the following
reasons:
(1) The HAD data represent treatment performance data from the
OCPSF sampling episodes. The data collected by HAD include
long-term sampling of several industries, therefore, the Agency
believes these data are representative of the total organic chemical
industry and can adequately represent a wastewater of unknown
characteristics.
(2) The HAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an BAD
promulgated limit
(3) A promulgated HAD limit represents data that have undergone
further review, and have received acceptance by both EPA and
industry.
BDAT for trichloroethylene was identified as SS (steam stripping). The
BDAT treatment standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of
10 ppb and the EAD Option 1 variability factor (32). The calculation of the resulting
BDAT treatment standard for trichloroethylene (0.054 ppm) is described in Section 5.0
and is shown in Table 5-3.
NU/NW454
MOMBJ4 3-66
-------
TABLE «7
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOB TRBHLOROETHYLENE
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
see .
FACUTY
UMir
(ppb)
RANGE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
AVERAGE
NO. OF EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS (PPtt BB (*)
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS*
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AIrS
AkS
AfrS
AbS
AbS
AbS
Ful
Ful
Ful
Fill
Ful
Ful
2020
IB
IB
68
1S87E
375E
1B
Fill
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Fill
Ful
Ful
Ful
23BA
1B
241B
IB
234A
2018
1B
1B
6B
238A
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
PI*
Ful
PM
1
2BA
2161
2191
10000*100000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
4
6
7
6
20
3
4
s
6
s
s
3
4
6
8
3
210.000
8.000
£000
10400
0.100
2JOO
1.000
1.900
£100
3400
7.000
64.000
0.700
13.000
£000
1.000
10.000
OJOO
0.700
31.000
87400
4.000
37.000
16.000
1400
80.78
94.1
86.7
96.7
88.7
87
71
87
874
884
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
824
74
87
88.7
1400
27400
2.100
0400
99.78
87
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
3-67
-------
TABLE *27 (ContfmM*
WA8TEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FORTMCHLOflOETHYlENE
TECHNOCOQY
TECHNOLOOY 8JZE FACMJTY
RANGE
MFUJENT
UMTT
(PPb)
AVERAGE
NO. OF EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
POINTS (POtrt __ (%) Ml
AbS
AM
AW
AlfS
AirS
AUS
AUS
AbS
AW
AbS
AirS
AbS
AkS
AirS
AbS
AkS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
AbS
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT+AC
CAC+AbS
ChOx
*EAO<
2118
Plot
Ful
2206
2178
1327E
2128
Ful
Ful
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
PM
PM
Ful
PM
2218
1585E
13S3E
1327E
2118
1042E
2158
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
710
2078
REF4
P213
P217
P2S3
P24S
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
so
16-79
1
1
10
1
1
40-7P
0-100
0-100
> Bute FOOI-PflOO Bacfcqreund Document"
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
S
20
0400
3.100
1.000
0200
1.200
0.«S9
180.000
0.400
0.500
1.400
9.000
O800
4300
5.000
4^00
7.700
0.300
0.500
0.700
OJOO
11400
170.000
5.000
OJOO
10.000
10.000
16.000
104)00
oaoo
3.700
80.44
86J
ma.
90.82
S&2
98.1
012
80.44
87
97.1
87
SM
89.77
64
86J
88.7
SO
s&a
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
3-68
-------
TABLE S47(CofllliNMd)
WA8TEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOflTWCHLOflOCTHYLENE
TECHNOLOGY
(JOT
TECHNOLOGY
FACILITY
MFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(ppfat
AVERAGE
NO. OF EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
POUT* (ppbt mi mi
ChOx
Chrad
Chrad
Chrad
GAC
GAC
QAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
QAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
RO
RO
•88
88
83
88
88
• 88
S3
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
UV[B]
WOK
WOK
WOK (B]
*EADdataprai
* Data UMd bid
Plot
•Plot
Banch
Boncti
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Fill
FuB
Plot
Banoh
• — •-
PWMn
Baneh
Baneh
Ful
Ful
Plot
Ful
Ful
Fill
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Ful
Baneh
a* a.
D6JT10II
a»_ — .— a~
DBjnBjn
am— .^a^
Dajnon
hwitvdinttwi
^kjA*jukl|kjB 4B^A
BIVBJBDBBIIH •*•
2028A
12848
1264B
2488
1284B
248B
237A
REF8
242E
Zbnpro
Zbnpro
Zbnpro
2508
2908
3238
418
2S1B
68
9B
281 B
818
P284
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
113BE
Zbnpro
Zbnpro
760
luAT vOW'jnli fv
100-1000
200
280
300
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
171
0-100
828
80
32J
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10 58-10300
1000-IOOuO
1000-10000
10000-100000
1000"1flfWft
10 2290042700
tO-10800
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
o-tao
0-100
900000
300000
100000-1000000
ula F001-FOOB Background Poaumar
1
' 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
18
10
14
2
10
14
18
8
8
8
8
e
i
i
i
7.100
6.000
8JOO
O400
1.000
1.000
iaooo
1400
iaooo
10000
OJBB
iaooo
1.000
10.000
0008
11OOOO
5JOO
80000
10100
5.000
10000
iaooo
10400
iaooo
10000
1.000
1400
1400
1.000
5.000
22400
1700400
2000400
1700.000 •
844
8948
884
87.8
984
8O49
954
89
807
88
8848
78
78
80
8081
9940
8847
99.79
984
9848
808
8O4
802
88
98.7
884
6069
WERL
ART
ART
ART
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
WERL
WAO
WAO
WAO
WERL
WERL
WERL
BAD*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
ntw*
BAD*
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WAO
WERL
3-69
-------
3*3.24
The data available for trichloromonofluoromethane were compiled from
the WERL and NPDES databases, the BOAT database, and BDAT Solvents Rule data.
These data are presented in Table 3-28. Technologies for which data are available
include AS, AirS+GAC, BT, LL, LL+SS, LL+SS+AG The treatment performance
data represent full-scale treatment The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 1
ppb to 2,400 ppb.
BDAT for trichloromonofluoromethane was identified as LL + SS + AC.
LL + SS + AC was selected as BDAT since this treatment train had the best removal
for those data developed using BDAT guidelines. The BDAT treatment standard for
trichloromonofluoromethane was calculated using the effluent concentration of 7 ppb
and the'appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of
the resulting BDAT treatment standard for trichloromonofluoromethane (0.020 ppm) is
described in Section 5.0 and is shown in Table 5-3.
NW/NW-034
OMUB44 3-70
-------
TABLE 348
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FCttTRtCHLOfttMONOFLUOROMETHANE
RANQE AVERAGE
DETECTION MFLUENT NO. OF EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY UMTT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
TECHNOLOGY SHE FAOLJTY (ppb) (; rfe> POUTS fepM fljj ' fit) REFERENCE
KY0003803 1 64.000 NPDES
NV01S7112 1 30.000 NPDES
NY01S7112 1 30.000 NPOES
NJ0028291 2 1.000 NPDES
NV0002101 .• 8.780 NPOES
NYQ1S8371 18 2AM NPDES
NY0002101 8 8.128 NPDES
LA006SB01 8 10.000 NPOES
A20000108 11 1.000 NPDES
AZD00010B 11 1.000 NPDES
IS 4448 NPDES
AZD000108 11 1.798 NPDES
NV00060B8 1 10.000 NPOES
NV0008086 IS 10.000 NPDES
NY0007048 8 1.000 NPDES
NV0177482 42 &200 NPOES
AS Ft* 18 100-1000 1 4.000 87J IVERL
AkS+OAC Fu8 22M 0-100 18 1.000 9B.6 WERL
BT Fui LA003824B 37 18441 NPOES
BT Fill REF4 820 1 13.000 BOAT*
LL Fill K104 8 29040000 8 2400.000 BOAT
a Fi*. K103 8 25004000 8 12S9.000 BOAT
LL+SS Ful K103/K104 8 2S940000 S 106400 BOAT
•LL+SS+AC Fill K103/K104 8 2S040000 4 7400 BOAT*
»EADd«t»prM»nti Bute FOOI-FOOgBacfcareundDocunMnt
* O^a uMd In developing tfw ravlMd ftMtoMnt MMidvd
3-71
-------
3325 l.l.l-Trichloro-l.U-trifluorosthane
The data available for l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane were compiled
from the WERL and NPDES databases. These data are presented in Table 3-29. The
technology for which data were available was WQx. The treatment performance data
represent pilot-scale studies with data effluent concentrations ranging from 1 ppb to
2,000 ppb.
Upon further evaluation of this data, EPA does not believe that the
effluent concentrations in the WQx test represent BDAT effluent values that are
achievable. Treatment performance data were therefore transferred to 1,1,2-trichloro-
1 ^2-trifluoroethane from hexachloroethane, which was judged to be most similar to
l,l,2-tricMoro-l,2£-trifluoromethane in elemental composition and functional groups.
The treatment performance data that were transferred from bexachloroethane are
presented in Table 3-30. BDAT for 1,1,2-trieWoro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane was determined
to be AS + FIL A treatment standard of 0.057 ppm was calculated as described in
Section 5.0 and shown in Table 5-3.
NRI/NW454
j 3-72
-------
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR 1,t>TWCHLOBO-1 ,24-TRtFLUOROETHANE
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOQY SgE FACUTY
SIBUI
UMTT
RANOC
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPt*
AVERAOE
NO. OF EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
POtKTS (ppM (%) fltt
WC*
Wot
NY0006088
NYoooaaiS
NYQ006860
NV0006MO
Nvoooeaao
NY0006860
NY0107408
780
14
3
*
1
17
9
2
10.000
8.000
10.000
1.000
1.000
3.100
1.000
1000000
NPOE8
NPOES
NPJES
NPOES
NPOES
NPOES
NPOES
WEAL
3-73
-------
The data available for xylenes were compiled from the NPDES and WERL
databases, BOAT Solvents Rule data, and WOx and PACT* data from literature. These
data are presented in Tables 3-30, 3-31,3-32, and 3-33. Technologies for which data
were available included AS, AirS, PACT*, RQ, GAC, and WOx. The treatment
performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 0.40 ppb to 20,000 ppb.
The BDAT treatment standard for xylenes was determined using the
combined data for the ortho and meta isomers. The hierarchy used to evaluate the data,
as described in Section 232, deviates for xylenes because the BDAT Solvents Rule data
represent pilot-scale data and the WERL database represents full-scale data. Therefore,
data from the WERL database were used to determine the BDAT treatment standard
for xylenes. WOx and an achievable effluent of 56 ppb (the average of the data
available for WOx full-scale studies) were selected. WOx and RO were the only full-
scale data available with higher influent concentrations. The RO technology was not
able to achieve effluent concentrations as low as those achieved by the WOx technology.
Therefore, WOx was selected as BDAT. The resulting BDAT treatment standard for
xylenes is 032 ppm, as shown in Table 5-3.
NW/HW-054
3-74
-------
TABLE MO
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOflU-XYLENE
TECHNOLOOY
TECHNOLOGY SIZE FACUJTY
DETECTION
UMTT
RANQE
INFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(P0b>
AVERAOE
NO. Of EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION
POINTS
RECOVERY
REMOVAL
Btt REFERENCt
AS
AS
AtoS
PACT
PACT
Ful
Bench
Plat
Boneh
Bwieh
NY0193929
1587E
2008
224B
242E
Zbnpre
•
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
79
3
18
1
1
199.330
0.100
OJOO
OJOO
5.000
5.000
99.0
99.2
93
93.7
94
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
RO
•WOx
Ful
Ful
10000-100000
1000CM 00000
300.000
79.000
99.92
WERL
WERL
' 0*ta UMdln developing tha ravlMd ttMttMnt atandwd.
TABLE 341
WASTEWATER TREAHeiT PERFORMANCE DATA
FOR1.3-XYLENE
TECHNOLOOY
TECHNOLOGY SIZE
FACJUTY
DETECTION
UMTT
(POb)
RANQE
WFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
(PPM
AVERAOE
NO. OF EFFLUENT
DATA CONCENTRATION
POINTS ft>pb>
RECOVERY REMOVAL
(%> fK) REFERENCE
AS
AbS
OAC
PACT
PACT
*WOx
Ful
NY01
1867E
Ful
14210
Bench
Ful
Zhnpfo
24TE
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
33
10000*100000
198430
0.100
OJOO
aiao
10.000
10000
33.000
994
72
20
70
70
99.7
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL*
* D«t> uMd In developing *• raviMd fr
TABLE3-32
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFOFMANE DATA
FOR1.4XYLENE
TECHNOLOOY LMTT
TECHNOLOGY SIZE FAOUTY
RANQE AVERAOE
MFLUENT NaOF EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATION
(pot* POINTS feett
REMOVAL
6t>
NY01
AM
QAC
Ful
14210
0-100
0-100
3
1
199430
OJOO
QJMO
90
37
NPDES
WERL
WERL
3-75
-------
TABLE W3
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
FORXVLENE
RANGE AVERAGE
DETECTION MFLUENT NO. Of EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY LIMIT CONCENTRATION DATA CONCENTRATION RECOVERY REMOVAL
TECHNOLOGY 8BE FACILITY (pob> tophi PO1NT8 fephi (It) M)
QAC
WOx
WOK
Plot
Plot
REF7
REF10
amam
140
21200
8388000
t
1
1
0.100
800.000
dOflflD flQu
BOAT*
BOAT*
tOA WMO
* BAD date prannted te tt» BOAT Sdwnti Ruto F001-F006 Background Document
3-76
-------
4.0 SELECTION OF CONSTITUENTS FOR REVISED REGULATION
This section presents the methodology and rationale for the selection of
organic constituents for revised regulation in nonwastewater and wastewater forms of
F001-F005. The Agency selected all 26 constituents in F001-F005 for revised regulation
of wastewater forms of these wastes, and all but carbon disulfide, cyclohexanone, nd
methanol for revised regulation of nonwastewater forms The 26 waste constituents
selected for revised regulation are listed in Table 4-1.
Revised treatment standards based on F039 data are not being
promulgated for carbon disulfide, cyclohexanone, and methanol in nonwastewater forms
of F001-F005. primarily due to difficulties associated with the analyses of these constitu-
ents in nonwastewater matrices. The Agency believes that treatment of carbon disulfide
is provided concurrently with treatment of halogenated aliphatic and aromatic solvents,
including the following constituents that are being regulated in F001-FOQ5: carbon
tetrachloride, methylene chloride, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroe thane, and
trichloroethylene. For cyclohexanone and methanol, the Agency believes that treatment
is provided concurrently with treatment of oxygenated wastes, including the following
constituents that are being regulated in F001-F005: acetone, n-butanol, ethyl acetate,
ethyl ether, isobutanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyi ketone.
Therefore, the Agency is neither setting concentration-based treatment
standards, nor treatment standards expressed as method of treatment for these three
constituents, with one exception. This exception applies when carbon disulfide,
cyclohexanone, or methanol is the only hazardous constituent present in a nonwastewater
form of F001-F005. In such instances, the constituent will retain its November 8,1986
treatment standard as measured by analysis of the TCLP extract The November 8,1986
TCLP treatment standards for carbon disulfide, cyclohexanone, and methanol in
nonwastewater forms of F001-F005 are: 4.8 mg/L, 0.75 mg/L, and 0.75 mg/L,
respectively.
NU/NW-054
00942.4 4-1
-------
Table 4-1
Regulated Constituents
FQ01-FQ05 Spent Solvent Wastes
Acetone
n-Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Disulfide*
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Meta/Para-Crcsol
Ortho-Cresol
Cyclohexanone*
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Benzene
Ethyl Ether
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol*
Methylene Chloride
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Nitrobenzene
Pyridine
Tetrachlorocthylene
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichloromonofluoromethanc
1, l^-Trichloro-l^-trifluoroethane
Xylenes
These constituents were not selected for regulation in nonwastewater forms of spent
solvent wastes.
NU/HW-OS4
4-2
-------
5.0 CALCULATION OF REVISED BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS
The Agency based concentration-based treatment standards for regulated
constituents on the performance of well-designed and well-operated BDAT treatment
systems. Specifically, the calculation of BDAT treatment standards involved three steps:
(1) accuracy correction of the treatment performance data to account for analytical
interferences with the chemical make-up of the samples; (2) determination of a
variability factor, specific to each constituent, to correct for normal variations in the
performance of a treatment technology; and (3) calculation of the treatment standard,
which is equal to the average effluent concentration multiplied by the accuracy correc-
tion factor and the variability factor. The revised treatment standards that were calcu-
lated for each BDAT List constituent being regulated in nonwastewater and wastewater
forms of F001-F005 are presented in Table 5-1 and Table 5-3, respectively. The revised
nonwastewater and wastewater treatment standards were calculated for the selected
constituents using the available treatment performance data discussed in Section 3.0.
The Agency acknowledges that in certain instances, compliance with the
BDAT treatment standards cannot be demonstrated due to analytical difficulties in the
analysis of certain wastes. In such instances, if the waste has been treated with a
combustion BDAT process and an analytical sensitivity (i.e., detection limit) within an
order of magnitude of the treatment standard has been achieved, the Agency will
consider that compliance with the treatment standard for the respective constituents in
the waste has been demonstrated (33).
5.1 Calculation of Revised BDAT Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater
Forms of F001-F005
The revised treatment standards for nonwastewater forms of F001-F005 are
based on treatment performance data available to EPA from 11 of the 14 EPA-con-
ducted incineration tests. Treatment standards for the majority of the regulated
MU/NW-054
0603-02.*} 5-1
-------
constituents in nonwastew ter forms of F001-F005 were calculated using the methodo-
logy summarized in Section 5.1.1. Treatment standards for the remaining regulated
constituents in nonwastewater forms of F001-F005 were calculated using the method-
ology described in the Methodology for Developing Treatme^ StflfldflrJS using data
transferred from F, K, and D wastes. This methodology is described in Section 5.1.2.
5.1.1 Methodology tor Calculation of Treatment Standards tor Nonwastewater
Forma of F001-FOOS
Treatment standards were calculated for constituents in F001-F005 that are
amenable to quantification in hazardous waste matrices based on incineration
performance data compiled from the BDAT database. Specifically, the Agency
considered constituent concentrations in incinerator ash from 11 of the 14 incineration
tests listed in Table 3-1. As discussed in Section 3.0, data from Tests 3,5, and 6 were
not used in calculating treatment standards for constituents in F001-F005.
Concentration-based treatment standards for waste constituents selected for
regulation were calculated by multiplying the constituent detection limit in ash by an
accuracy correction factor and a variability factor. The following section and Sections
5.2.1 and 5.22 discuss these three components of the treatment standard calculations.
These calculations are summarized in Table 5-1.
Detection limits from the analyses of the incinerator ash residuals from the
11 incinerator tests were used to calculate treatment standards for constituents regulated
in nonwastewater forms of F001-F005. Table 3-2 presents the detection limits used in
the .calculation and Table 3-3 presents the treatment performance data for those tests
where each constituent was detected.
NW/NW-OS4
0609-4R.O4 • 5-2
-------
Tlie following hierarchy is a summary of the methodology used to
determine which detection limit was used in the calculation of each treatment standard,
with the noted exception regarding acetone (see Exceptions to the Methodology):
(1) If the constituent was detected in the untreated waste, the standard
was calculated from the highest detection limit for that constituent
of those incineration tests where the constituent was detected in the
untreated waste.
(2) If the constituent was not detected in the untreated waste and was
detected in the treated waste, the standard was calculated from the
highest detection limit for that constituent of those incineration tests
where the constituent was detected in the treated waste.
(3) If the constituent was not detected in either the untreated or the
treated waste, the standard was calculated from the highest
detection limit for that constituent of all 11 incineration tests.
For example, 1,1,1-trichloroethane was detected in the untreated waste of
two treatment tests (4 and 14), as indicated in Table 3*3. The higher detection limit for
1,1,1-trichloroethane in the ash samples from those two tests was 2 ppm in Test 4.
Therefore, 2 ppm is shown in Table 5-1 as the detection limit for 1,1,1-trichloroethane
and was used to calculate the applicable nonwastewater treatment standard
As a second example, isobutyl alcohol was not detected in the untreated or
treated waste of any of the 11 incineration tests and, therefore, does not appear in Table
3-3. Detection Emits for this constituent in ash ranged from 02 ppm to 60 ppm, as
indicated in Table 3-2. Therefore, the detection limit of 60 ppm from Test 10 is shown
in Table 5-1 as the detection limit for isobutyl alcohol and was used to calculate the
applicable nonwastewater treatment standard.
KU/NW454
5-3
-------
Eyye, ptfoiii to the Methodology
With the exception of acetone, all treatment standards for constituents in
nonwastewater forms of F001-F005 were calculated according to the methodology de-
scribed above. These treatment standards are presented in Table 5-1. Acetone was
detected in the untreated waste in 3 of the 11 incineration tests, Tests 9,11, and 13.
According to the methodology described above, the highest detection limit for acetone in
the ash from Tests 9,11, and 13 should have been used to calculate the treatment
standard. However, the highest detection limit for acetone in Tests 9,11, and 13 was
0.01 ppm. The Agency believes that this detection limit is too low to be achieved
routinely in ash by analytical laboratories. Therefore, the highest detection limit for
acetone from all 11 incineration tests, 50 ppm from Test 2, is shown in Table 5-1 and
was used to calculate the treatment standard.
5.1.2 Treatment Standard Calculation Methodology Using Data Transferred
from K Wastes
The treatment standards for F001-F005 solvent constituents that do not
have a corresponding U or P waste code were calculated using the methodology
described in the Methodology for Developing Treatment Standards (2). This includes
l,l,2-tricUoro-l,2£-trifhioroethane and ethyl benzene. The treated waste concentration
data for each of these constituents were corrected for accuracy. The average of the
accuracy-corrected treatment values was then multiplied by a variability factor to
determine the treatment standard The treatment standards calculated for these constit-
uents are presented in Table 5-2.
Treatment performance data for these constituents were transferred from
regulated K wastes, as indicated in Table 5-2. Detailed information on the treatment
performance data and the methodology used to calculate the treatment standards for
MU/NW-OS4
54
-------
these constituents can be found in the appropriate background document for each K
waste.
$2 Calculation of Revised BDAT Treatment Standards for Wartewater Forma
ofFOOl-FOOS
The revised treatment standards for wastewater forms of F001-F005 are
based on treatment performance data available to EPA from wastewater treatment units.
The long-term average effluent concentration for each constituent was multiplied by an
accuracy correction factor and a variability factor to determine the treatment standard.
The treatment standards calculated for wastewater forms of the constituents in F001-
FOOS are shown in Table 5-3.
5.2.1 ' Accuracy Correction Factors
Accuracy correction factors account for analytical interferences associated
with the chemical matrices of the samples. The accuracy correction factor is
incorporated into the determination of treatment standards by multiplying it (and a
variability factor when appropriate) by the constituent's detection limit An accuracy
correction factor was determined for each of the constituents by dividing 100 by the
matrix spike recovery (percent) for each constituent
The matrix spike recoveries are developed by analyzing a sample of a
treated waste for a constituent and then re-analyzing the sample after the addition of a
known amount of the same constituent (Le., spike) to the sample. The matrix spike
recovery represents the total amount of constituent recovered after spiking, minus the
initial concentration of the constituent in the sample, and the result divided by the spike
concentration of the constituent Duplicate matrix spikes were performed for some
BDAT List constituents. If a duplicate matrix spike was performed for a constituent, the
5-5
-------
matrix spike recovery used for that constituent was the lower of the two values between
the first matrix spite and the duplicate spike.
An accuracy correction factor of 1.00 was used when both the matrix spike
and duplicate matrix spike recoveries exceeded 100 percent; so that the data were not
adjusted to concentrations below the detection limits. Matrix spike values of less than 20
percent are not acceptable and were not used to correct detection limits, nor included in
calculating average matrix spike recoveries.
BAD variability factors already contain accuracy correction measures.
Therefore, to avoid over-correcting the data, accuracy correction factors were not used in
cases where BAD variability factors were used. In cases where an BAD variability factor
was not used, an accuracy correction factor was determined as described above and
included in the treatment standard calculation.
As described above, matrix spike recovery data are routinely used in
determining accuracy correction factors; however, these data were not available for most
of the treatment performance data examined. Consequently, matrix spike data were
pooled from BDAT and leachate data sources. Leachate matrix spike data were used to
determine an accuracy correction factor in cases where leachate treatment performance
data were used to establish a treatment standard; BDAT matrix spike data were used in
all other cases. Where an accuracy correction factor was not available for a specific
constituent, an average accuracy correction factor was determined, as presented in
Tables 5-6 through 5-9.
5.2.2 Variability Factors
A variability factor accounts for the variability inherent in treatment system
performance, treatment residual collection, and analysis of the treated waste samples.
NU/NW454
OM942.M} 5-6
-------
Variability factors are calculated as described in EPA's Methodology for Developing
BDAT Treatment ffifllMfariS (2) and are presented in Tables 5-4 and 5-5.
Original effluent data points were not always available. Therefore,
variability factors for some constituents were not calculated as described in Reference 2.
For example, effluent data in the WERL database were presented as averages; since
actual effluent data points were not available, it was not possible to calculate a
variability factor specific to each of these constituents.
The variability factor calculated during the HAD regulation effort was used
for those constituents for which a treatment standard was based on an BAD effluent
limitation (Le., selected volatile and semivolatile organics).
One of two options was used for constituents where a variability factor was
unknown or could not be calculated.
(1) Use of average variability factors that were generated from the
BAD variability factors and were specific to the type of constituent
under consideration.
(2) Use of a variability factor of 2.8 for constituents that were not
volatile or semivolatile organics.
The average volatile organic variability factor is an average of the
volatile organic variability factors from BAD data as presented in
Table 6-2. The average semivolatile organic variability factors are
averages of the semivolatile organic variability factors from BAD
data as presented in Table 6-3. The procedure for determination of
these average variability factors was similar to the procedures used
by EPA in previous Land Disposal Restrictions rulemaJtings to
determine average accuracy correction factors.
A variability factor of 2.8 was used to calculate treatment standards
for constituents for which the long-term average effluent
concentration was based on detection limits only. This variability
factor has been used by EPA in past Land Disposal Restrictions
nilemakings where variability factors could not be calculated.
NW/NW-OS4
5-7
-------
I
i
\l
2
i
i
li
!i
\\i
I
E
i
I
133533388S888S5383S88
HfililHiHfhHHIi
8388&888S8JUS&S8S8888
s
cue e
1
I
I
I
~EEff
-------
I
N N
S Sf
I if
II
9 q
I
q
o
i*
Is
I
-------
TABLE 5-3
BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR WASTEWATER
FORMS OF FO01-FOOS
LONG TERM
AVERAGE EFFLUENT BOATTREATMENT
CONSTITUENTS CONCENTRATION VF ACF STANDARD
0.10 . 2.9 1.01 0.28
ft8u*laloohol 2.0 2.8 1.0 5.6
Carbon dteuNU* 0.0080 2.8 1.0 0.014
Carbon tatfacMorido 0.010 8.7 0.087
CMorobORzano 0.010 8.7 0.087
iiMta/BOffrCraooi 0.17 4.4 0.77
orthfrCfMoi 0.028 4.4 0.11
CydohoxanoM 0.10 2J 14 048
1.2-OkNorobonnM 0.018 5.5 0.088
Ettiyiacottla . 0.080 5.7 044
EttiylbanMiw 0.010 8.7 0.087
Eftyttfhw 0.021 8.7 0.12
teobutyl alcohol 2.0 2.8 1.0 18
Mrthanol - 2.0 2.» 1.0 8.8
MMMwweMorid* 0.023 3.9 0.088
M*hy««tytkrtan« 0.10 2.8 1.0 048
0.060 24 1.0 0.14
0.014 4.8 0.088
04024 8.7 0.014
TMmehloraotfiytMW 0.010 8.3 0488
TofcMM 0.010 8.0 0.080
1.1.1-Trichlof0^han» 0.010 84 0.084
TrfeMoroMtiyton* 0.010 5.3 0.084
TrieMoroRMfMAuoranwlhiM 0.0070 2.8 1.0 0.020
trMuonMthww a010 8.7 0.067
0.068 8.7 042
VF • Availability Factor
ACF - Accuracy Correction Fi
5-10
-------
TABLES-*
VOUTUE OflOAMC VAMUTY FACTOR CALCULATION
VOLATLES EADVAMAMJIY
FACTOR
Ctitorafotm S.713M
l*ti I
WrH
1JZ
« i
i (inJlOillOfOMVNNMI -
TokMM 7J
14 « Trfnitlnmi-rftiMJtA
1 1 ( 1"! IKinwfmVlWlV
U4EOI
Vinyl CMoridt
AVB^AOE- &7310
VOLATUE8VF-8.7310
5-11
-------
TABUEM
SaWVOLATLE VARMB8JTY FACTOR CALCULATION
EADVARMBUTY
FACTOR
ACDBCmACTABia
2,+OlRMiiylpiMmi &2S8S
4(VBUWBOiO"Cfl>SOl iitWJif
2.4-Oinfcophwtol £48842
a.477SS
240908
AVERAGE- 4.4463
AC&EXfRACTABLE SSUWOUmLES VF - 4.4488
BASE NEUTRAL EXTRACTABLE8
8J812B
AnHvMMW SJQ12B
8J8128
8JB128
5J8128
5M129
4<79Bv1
. 8J812B
Fhioraiw &W128
Pynm 848188
U848
BASE NEUTRAL EXTRACTABLE SEMVOLATLE8 VF - 8434
5-12
-------
TABLEM
VOLATfcE OBQAMC ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTOR CAtCUATIONO. EPA BOAT DATA
VOLATLES
WAO TESTA
WAOTE8TB
K103/K104
LOWEST
RECOVERY AC?
Spto 8pfc*
8p«n SpBw
n-Butanol
IMtMIMi
S^hlorapraplonM*
1,4-Dfenm
Ethytamodd*
07
8S
180
182
197
103
04
102
0S
171
189
172
37
Ti
1.1
TokMiw
ISO 180.
07 00
10S 110
108 100
88 110
102 102
188 18S
161 101
SO 22
109 10>
•7 80
120 120
110 120
80 80
87 00
70 M
AVERAGE.
SET AT-
180
182
187
22
ISO
07
ICO
70
00
87
1.2
1.1
12
1.0
1.0
1.0
4.8
1.0
1.2
1.0
M
1.1
10323
100
AVERAGE ACF FOR VOUTUE CROAT
NOTES: II
qua%ooi«rolerftMtefer«MBDATpragmit(3a).
MtffMMt VMI
I Pwwnl Rwovwy te gnMtar «wn 100» tMt
racowwy It MI M100% M 0Ml fw Ata •«• not •d|uM*d to
*»|ACFJfer
To dtitnnlnt tn Aoouracy Cc
far Mdi voimto otgante oo
ACF »1007 wg. low vikM.
5-13
-------
TABLES*
SEMMOLAnLE ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTOR CALCULATONt • EPA DATA
SEMWOLAmES
WAOA
WAOB
K103/K104
LOW
VALUE
ACF
ACD(3CmACTABLE
Mrtrfe ItaMt
Sp*« Spin
Spft. Sf*»
Matte M*fc
8pfc* Spft*
2-CMoraplMMl
21
20
94
12
56
•2
13
•2
M
88
0
43
42
21 2t
AVERAGE -
2f
SB
M
20
21
44
14
1J
5.0
4.8
37
AVERAGE ACF FOR AOD EXTHACTABLE SEMNOLATteS -100/37 - 2.7
BASE NEUTRAL EXTHACTABLE8
Pyrww
72 M
as 74
73112
79 *
m 37
73 87
81
34
31
Artfew
115 113
31 97
AVERAGE-
81
37
31
118
91
1.4
14
U
2.0
U
1.3
1.0
1.1
724
AVERAGE ACF FOR BASE NEUTRAL SEMMOLATUB -100/724 -1.38
NOTES:
!•!••• torn 20* MM* V*M
• not InoliioM in VMI
I for ttw BOAT pragma (33).
wy Is grMtortiM 100% fwl
T« drtMmkw an Aoewwy Co
for iauli vul^it mg«il» oomMfcrt !•
ACF -100/ wg. towvrtifc
5-14
-------
TABLEM
VOLATLE OROAMJC8 ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTOR CALCULATIONS
* • FOR DOW LEACMATE DATA
ftp** LOW
VOLATBJE3 Sate Duplex VALUE ACT
100 100
101 101
rvteutyl alcohol 108 M
1.1-OtoMomttMiw 130 138
TrinhinMi^il^ila ^^ O^
I IlMWQiOTv^K^V ^^ ^^
CMofobMBMW 91 M
TokMtw 100 100
AVBU08
8ETAT*
AVERAGE ACF fQR VOLATLE OROAMCS - 100/100 - 1.00
NOTES: IPweMtRMeMfytotaMllMMaKfMlvrfiif)
!• not btefcidod in VM ACF eatauMlon (MOW** it
qu«% oonlral «ittMtaforfw BOAT program (30).
I PWMM ftooovwy to gratar «IM 100% tMt
MMvuy to Ml«100» M that fw Ate «• not ad)!*** t»
b^owKtoi
To dumntat an Aoouracy CorrtoHon Factor tAOF] tor
fof WMn VOMM9 ofQojw oon
ACF -100/ wo. lowwiJua
5-15
-------
TABLE M
VQUTUEORQAJNICt ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTOR CALCUUTlONt
FOR CWM LEACHATI DATA
PERCENT
VOtAmO REMOVAL ACT
90 141
ivBufrlAlodMl 112 14
iMbtfytAtoohoi 112
M
112 14
toobulyitUlen* it 141
AVERAGE» 10U
SET AT- 100
AVERAGE ACT FOR VOUTUEOROANCt-100/100-140
NOfB:
bnolinduMlntoA
terttMOOATpregrM(9e).
• PMNMHt nMQWy • QPMlMf VMfl fOO% 1MB
raoovwy to Mt * 100% M ft* KM data M» not
totowttw
To
-------
6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This background document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste, by Radian Corporation under Contract No. 68-
W9-0072. This document was prepared under the .direction of Richard Kinch, Chief,
Waste Treatment Branch; Larry Rosengrant, Section Head, Treatment Technology
Section; Angela Wilkes, Project Officer; and Anita Cummings, Project Manager. Steve
Silverman served as EPA legal advisor.
The following personnel from Radian Corporation were involved in
preparing this document: Thomas Ferguson, Program Manager; Mary Willett, Project
Director; and the Radian Engineering Team: Kurt Rmdfusz, Robert Shark, and
Chrisanti Haretos.
NW/NW-OM
6-1
-------
7.0
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Final Bdt
OfflTlO.IlStra.ted Available Technology (BDAT) Background POPIine, lit
hlftTngrt">n«>\ *nA PflfK
2-ethoxvethanol and 2-nitropropaneV U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Washington, D.C: May 1990.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste.
Methodology for Developing Treatment Stflndflfds.- U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: June, 1989.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste.
Amet to the Best Demonsd Availbe
Background Pogumgnt, Volumes 1 and 2 for F001-FOOS: Spent Solvents
fVol Uft. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: May
1988.
*
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. TreitlTHrTlt
Technology Bayfcground Pocument- U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Washington, D.C: 1990.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory. Characterization of H»mflnjflm Wftttff
June 1986.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste.
Pe.ino.flstr.ated Available Technology f^PAT) Bflcktrounid PftCHmcnt for U
ant! p Wairt«t anrf Multi-Source T ^>«^hatc flP039^ for Which There are
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: May 1990.
7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 0"!!^ filginMrif>g Report of
Technology Perforrnft?icff and Operation fpr Inciiieratio/n of
(PQ*) Waste at the U.fi, ElffirffiHIiffntil
Protection AgffiKy Offl|huj|tion Resc5*"^*, FtiyjlitY U.S.
Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: November 12, 1987.
8. U.S. Eii^if^"?11^111^! Protection Agency.
Tfff ftttflffnt PtlfonMBCC Md Opfffftion for InflMr8^on °f KOOl^Creosote
>mhMtin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C:
November 23, 1987.
7-1
-------
9. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Qnffitff BnghMerhlg Deport of
tment P^
K011/K013/K014 Sludge at the Johp flftfr Tffst Facility. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: November 2, 1987.
10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NPB"CTnfidffntJ8l Vffr?iOn °
Qntsite Engineering Report of Treatment Technology Performance and
Operation for Roffi11* P-nvir9nTngyital Services (T3Q Iflc,, Peer Park. Texas.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: March 11,
1988.
11. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Qlllilff ^nFngftr*^ RffPOrt flf
Treatment Technology Performance and Operation! Incineration of K024
Waste at the U.S. Environipental Protection Agency Combustion Research
Facility. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: 1987.
12. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. -Qnjfof IfoF11^"!!^ Pffpoit °f
Treatment Te^inolocv Perforrni>>icff and Qper^^^^Ml for Tng*ngyation of
K037 Waste at the Combustion Researgh Facility. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: November 16, 1987.
13. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Qryite foigipgering Report of
Perforniaijc1^ and Operation for Amoco Oil
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Washington, D.C: February 29, 1988.
14. Onsite ^T?rpegiriH£ RffPOrt of Treatrn^Tit Technology Performance and
Operation for AlTlftffl O^ Cotnnanv. Whitiinr- Indiana U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: July 15, 1988.
15. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. QlUiitff FltfiP^ring Rffport of
Treatment Tcchoologv PerforfT>^Tice *id Operation for Incineration of
K087 Waste at the Combustion Research Facih'tv. Jefferson. ArkanMff
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: February 22,
1988.
16. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onrit* Bngfaaeriiig Report for
^fftli 7*T\ CflfPPfPy for K101* U.S. Environmental Protectioii Agency.
Washington, D.C: April 25, 1988.
17. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Qnjftf Eimnflffffriftf Report for
|Q^H 7j'tj]t; ^T]pajy for K102 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Washington, D.C: April 25, 1988.
NW/NW-OS4
. 7-2
-------
18. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Qqgftft gnyingering Export of
Arkansas U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington,
D.C.: December, 1988.
19. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Onsite Hpgfayefjng Report of
Treatment Performance and Operation for Incineration of K015 Waste a*
fog John ffinfc Cftimpffliy Tfft Facility U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Washington, D.C.: December 4, 1987.
20. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Onsite
report of Treatment Technolog 1
ffff John ZifflK CftfllMBy. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Washington, D.C: 1990.
21. . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Best
Demops*rflterf A^ilaMe Technology (BDAT) Background Document for
K001 Waste. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C:
1988.
22. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Best
Tecnly (BDAT^ Background ent for
K016. K018. K019. K020 Wastes. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Washington, D.C: 1988.
23. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Best
v^b^ sv (BD acd uni
KQ24 Waste. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C:
1988.
24. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Best
rvrnomtrated Available Technology (BDAT) Backpmiind Doniment for
KD37 Waste. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C:
1988.
25. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste.
PfflflPn^trated Available Technology fBDAT) Background Document for
KQ48-KQ52 Waste. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington,
D.C: 1988.
26. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Best
Demonstrated Available TffCbnfflpflv (BOAT) B^kground Pocuinent for
K087 Waste. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C:
1988.
MU/NW.OS4
7-3
-------
27. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Best
Available Technology (BOAT) Background D or
K101 and K102. Low Arsenic Subcategory. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Washington, D.C.: 1988.
28. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Best
Demonstrated A^flilflfrlff Technology (BDAT) Background Document for
Qranjfjg Wgftef. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington,
D.C: 1989.
29. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste. Best
Demonstrate, d A^flilflfrte T?<$MM?1lffKY (BDAT} Background Document for
F024 Waste. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C:
1989.
30. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Best
Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Document for
K015 Waste. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C:
1988.
31. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Best
Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT) Background Docmneflt fffT
F001-F005 Spent Solvents (Vois. 1, 2, ?TK? ?) U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: November 1986.
32. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards. Development Pocument for
New Source Perfon*18^*^ Stflnd?rd^ ^nd PretrMtTUffllt Stflndflfdit for the
Organic Chemicals and the Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Point SflUfffi
Category (Vftlvmeft I and ID. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C, 1987.
33. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Federal FffgJSTffT (Vfflmnc 55).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: June 1, 1990.
p. 22541.
NM/NW494
7-4
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APPENDIX A
ACCURACY CORRECTION OF DATA
•
•
The treatment performance data and detection limit data used to
determine treatment standards were adjusted to account for analytical interferences
associated with the chemical matrices of the samples. Generally, treatment performance
data were corrected for accuracy as follows: (1) a matrix spike recovery was determined
for each BDAT List constituent; (2) an accuracy correction factor was determined for
each of the above constituents by dividing 100 by the matrix spike recovery (percent) for
that constituent; and (3) treatment performance data or detection limit data for each
BDAT List constituent were corrected by multiplying the data for each constituent by its
corresponding accuracy correction factor. The procedure for accuracy correction of the
data is described in further detail below.
Matrix spike recoveries are developed by analyzing a sample of a treated
waste for a constituent and then re-analyzing the sample after the addition of a known
amount of the same constituent (Le., spike) to the sample. The matrix spike recovery
represents the total amount of constituent recovered after spiking, minus the initial
concentration of the constituent in the sample, and the result divided by the spike
concentration of the constituent Duplicate matrix spikes were performed for some
BDAT List constituents. If a duplicate matrix spike was performed for a constituent, the
matrix spike recovery used for that constituent was the lower of the recovery values from
the first matrix spike and the duplicate spike.
In cases where a matrix spike was not performed for a waste constituent in
the treatment test from which the detection limit was taken, the matrix spike recovery
from a similar constituent from the treatment test was transferred to the constituent
*
For some F001-FOOS solvent constituents, treatment performance data were
transferred from K wastes. In these cases, when a matrix spike was not performed for a
NU/NW-QS4
MOM&aJ A-l
-------
particular constituent, the matrix spike recovery for each constituent was derived from
the average matrix spike recoveries of the appropriate analytical fraction (e.g* volatile or
»
semivolatile organics) for which recovery data were available. First, the matrix spike
recoveries for all volatile or semivolatiles from the first matrix spike were averaged. An
•
average matrix spike recovery was then calculated for the duplicate matrix spike
recoveries. The lower of the two average matrix spike recoveries was used to calculate
the accuracy correction factor for the constituent
An accuracy correction factor was determined for each constituent by
dividing 100 by the matrix spike recovery (percent) for that constituent An accuracy
correction factor of LOO was used when both the matrix spike and duplicate matrix spike
recoveries exceeded 100 percent, so that the data were not adjusted to concentrations
below the detection limits. Matrix spike values of less than 20 percent are not
acceptable and were not used to correct detection limits, nor included in calculating
average matrix spike recoveries.
Table A-l presents the matrix spike recoveries obtained in each of the 11
incineration tests. Matrix spike recoveries and accuracy correction factors used for each
F001-FOQS solvent constituent included in this document are presented in Tables 5-1 and
5-2.
A-2
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50272-101
RETORT DOCUMENTATION | 1. REPORT NO.
PAGE I EPA530-R95-027
I
i 2.
PB95-230876
4. Title and Subtitle
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT) BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR
F001-F005 SPENT SOLVENTS; FINAL ,
5. Report Date
JUNE 1992
6.
7. Author(s)
8. Performing Organization Kept. No
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
U.S. EPA
OFFICE OF SOLID HASTE
401 N STREET, SU
WASHINGTON. DC 20460
10. Project/Task/Uork Unit No.
11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No.
CO
(G)
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
13. Type of Report & Period Covered
TECHNICAL REPORT
14.
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)
PROVIDES TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR REVISIONS TO THE BDAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR THE ORIGINAL LISTED SOLVENT CONSTITUENTS OF
F001-F005. EXAMINES EPA'S RATIONALE AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR REVISING THE F001-F005 TREATMENT STANDARDS PROMULGATED ON
NOVEMBER 7, 1986, AND AUGUST 17, 1988. PRESENTS EPA'S APPROACH TO AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR THE TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
NONWASTEUATER AND UASTEUATER FORMS OF F001-F005 AND THE REVISED TREATMENT STANDARDS. APPENDIX DISCUSSES ACCURACY
CORRECTION OF DATA.
17. Document Analysis a. Descriptors
b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
c. COSATI Field/Group
18. Availability Statement
RELEASE UNLIMITED
19. Security.Class (This Report)) 21. No. of Pages
UNCLASSIFIED | Q
20. Security Class (This Page) | 22. Price
UNCLASSIFIED I Q
(See ANSI-Z39.18)
OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77)
(Formerly NTIS-35)
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