FINAL
BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
. ^
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR
i i
UNIVERSAL STANDARDS
VOLUME B:
i_ i
UNIVERSAL STANDARDS FOR
WASTEWATER FORMS OF LISTED HAZARDOUS WASTES
Richard Kinch
Chief, Waste Treatment Branch
Lisa Jones
Project Manager
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
2800 Crystal Drive
Arlington, Virginia 22202
July 1994
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij :
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DISCLAIMER STATEMENT
The technical and analytical findings and recommendations contained in this document
are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official EPA position,
policy, or decision. This disclaimer page may only be removed by EPA,
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.aij
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Page
* \ i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY : ..... ES-1
INTRODUCTION . . . !.'...'...-; 1-1
1.1 Regulatory Background 1-2
1.2 Description of Universal Standards 1-4
1.3 Contents of This Document 1-5
APPUCABDJTY OF UNIVERSAL STANDARDS .....:.. 2-1
2.1 Description of Universal Standards 2-1
22 Waste Codes Excluded from Universal Standards .......... 2-2
2.3 Advantages of Universal Standards 2-2'
CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION
UNDER .UNIVERSAL STANDARDS 3-1
3.1 Constituents Considered for Regulation 3-1
3.1.1 Organic Constituents 3-1
3.1.2 Metal Constituents .. 3-2
3.2 Selection of Regulated Constituents _ 3-2
3.2.1 Selection of Organic Constituents for
Regulation Under Universal Standards 3-4
32.2 Selection of Metal Constituents for Regulation
Under Universal Standards ....; 3-6
3.2.3 Methods for the Analysis of Constituents
Selected for Regulation Under Universal . '
Standards - 3-6
IDENTTFICATION OF THE BEST DEMONSTRATED
AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT) . .........4-1
4.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies .'.. 4-1
4.1.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies for Organic
Constituents 4-2
4.1.2 Applicable Treatment Technologies for Metal
Constituents 4-6
4.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies '4-8
4.3 Identification of Best Demonstrated Available.
Technology (BOAT) 4-8
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
, Page
5.0 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATABASE 5-1
5.1 , Sources of Treatment Performance Data 5-1
5.1.1 BDAT Database 5-2
5.1.2 EPA-Collected WAO/PACT* Data .-....' 5-3
5.1.3 EAD Database-Promulgated Limits 5-3
5.1.4 NPDES Database '. 5-5
5.1.5 WERL Database ., 5-6
5.1.6 Leachate Treatment Performance Data 5-6
5.1.7 Treatment Performance Data Submitted by
CMA's Carbon: Disulfide Task Force 5-7
5.L8 Treatment Performance Data Submitted by the
California TSCD 5-7
5.1.9 Other Sources : 5-7
5.2 Wastewater Treatment Performance Database 5-8
5.2.1 Volatiles 5-22
5.2.2 Semivolatiles 5-167
5.2.3 Organochlorine Pesticides ; ... 5-356
52.4 Phenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides .. 5-397
5.2.5 Organophosphorus Insecticides 5-404
5.2.6 PCBs ...-..' . .5-410
5.2.7 Dioxins and Furans 5-426
5.2.8 Metals , .. 5-439
6.0 CALCULATION OF UNIVERSAL STANDARDS .... ...... 6-1
6.1 Effluent Concentration Averages 6-1
,6.2 Accuracy Correction Factors 6-2
6.3 Variability Factors 6-4
6.4 Calculation of BDAT Treatment Standards 6-6
7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 7-1.
8.0 REFERENCES "' 8-1
Appendix A Analytical Methods for Constituents Selected for Regulation
Under Universal Standards ...:..... A-l
Appendix B Method Detection Limits Based on EPA-Approved
Analytical Methods ซ...' B-l
NRJ-071
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LIST OF TABLES
, Page
ES-1 Universal Standards for Organic Constituents .................. ES-5
ES-2 Universal Standards for Metal Constituents ____ .....' ......... ES-19
ES-3 Previously Promulgated Wastewater Treatment Standards and
Revised Treatment Standards from the Application of
Wastewater Universal Standards ......... ..... ....... ..... ES-20
l-l Cross-Reference Guide for Organic Constituents ......... ....... 1-7
1-2 .Cross-Reference Guide for Metal Constituents ...'.. ............. . . 1-15
s ' ' .
2-1 Waste Codes With Treatment Standards Promulgated as .
Methods of Treatment ....... ........ ---- . . ..... .......... 2-4
3-1 BDAT List Constituents Selected for Regulation and Not
Selected for Regulation Under Universal Standards in
Wastewater Forms of Wastes . . . ; ....... . . . ............. ..... 3?7
5-1* Database Key for Wastewaters ............ ...... ............ 5-9
5-2 Key to Treatment Technologies ..... . . . ...................... 5-10
5-3 BDAT Technology Basis and Sources of Treatment
Performance Data for Universal Standards for Wastewater
Forms of Wastes ..... ..... . . ..................... ....... 5-12
\ " \
54 Treatment Performance Data for Acetone in Wastewaters .... ..... 5-24
5-5 Treatment Performance Data for Acetonitrile in Wastewaters . . . ; . . 5-26
5-6 Treatment Performance Data for Acrolein in Wastewaters . . . ...... 5-28
-i
5-7 Treatment Performance. Data for Acrylamide in Wastewaters ....... . 5-30
X
5-8 Treatment Performance Data for Acrylonitrile in . ,
Wastewaters . . . .. .......... . .......... .................. 5-32
5-9 , Treatment Performance Data for Benzene in Wastewaters ......... 5-35
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0630-Ql.nij
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
. Page
5-10 Treatment Performance Data for Bromodichloromethane in
Wastewaters .......... . ---- '. ......................... ... 5-39
5-11 Treatment Performance Data for Bromoform
(Tribromomethane) in Wastewaters ........ ... ...... . . ...... ... 5-42
5-12 Treatment Performance Data for Bromomethane (Methyl
Bromide) in Wastewaters ...... ......... .... ....... . ....... 5-44
5-13 Treatment Performance Data for n-Butanol in Wastewaters ........ 5-46
5-14 Treatment Performance Data for Carbon Disulfide in
Wastewaters ..... . . ..................................... 5-48
5-15* Treatment Performance Data for Carbon Tetrachloride in , .
Wastewaters ........ .......... ................. . ..... . . 5-50
5-16 Treatment Performance Data for Chlorobenzene in
Wastewaters ..... ........... ............ ..... . ..... .... 5-53
5-17 Treatment Performance Data for Chlorodibromomethane in
Wastewaters . ............................. \ ..... :. ..... . 5-57
5-18 Treatment Performance Data for Chloroethane in
Wastewaters ..................... ........ . ..... _____ '..... 5-59
5-19 Treatment Performance Data for 2-Chloroethyl Vinyl Ether
in Wastewaters ........ ........ '.. .......... . . . . . .......... . 5-61
5-20 Treatment Performance Data for Chloroform in Wastewaters ...... 5-64
5-21 Treatment Performance Data for Chloromethane in
Wastewaters . ...... ...... - ................
5-22 Treatment Performance Data for Dichlorodifluoromethane in
Wastewaters ..... ; ........ : ......................... - 5-74
5-23 Treatment Performance Data for 1,1-Dichloroethane in
Wastewaters .... ........ \ . .............. . ............... 5-77
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Page
*
5-24 Treatment Performance Data for 1,2-Dichloroethane in
Wastewaters . '. .*' ... . 5-80
5-25 Treatment Performance Data for 1,1-Dichloroethylene in
Wastewaters 5-83
. * x
5-26 Treatment Performance Data for trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
in Wastewaters 5-86
i v
5-27 Treatment Performance Data for 1,2-Dichloropropane in
Wastewaters 5-88
5-28 Treatment Performance Data for cis/trans-1,3-
Dichloropropene in Wastewaters .....'.... 5-90
5-30 Treatment Performance Data for Ethyl Acetate in
Wastewaters ;.. 5-94
5-31 Treatment Performance Data for Ethyl Benzene in
Wastewaters ... 5-96
5-32 Treatment Performance Data for Ethyl Ether in.Wastewaters 5-100
< ' '
5-33 Treatment Performance Data for Ethylene Dibromide (1,2-
Dibromoethane) in Wastewaters 5-103
5-34 Treatment Performance Data for Isobutanol in Wastewaters , 5-107
5-35 Treatment Performance Data for Methacrylonitrile in
Wastewaters .- 5-109
5-36 Treatment Performance Data for Methanol in Wastewaters 5-111
5-37 Treatment Performance Data for Methyl Ethyl Ketone in.
Wastewaters ^ 5-113
5-38 . Treatment Performance Data for Methyl Isobutyl Ketone in
Wastewaters '...'.... 5-115
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Page
t
5-39 Treatment Performance Data for Methylene Chloride in
Wastewaters '. 5-119
5-40 Treatment Performance Data for Propanenitrile (Ethyl .
Cyanide) in Wastewaters ...... . 5-123
5-41 Treatment,Performance Data for Pyridine in Wastewaters ........ 5-125
5-42 Treatment Performance Data for l,l,l,2rTetrachloroethane in
Wastewaters 5-127
5-43 Treatment Performance Data for 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane in
Wastewaters . . ... .< 5-129
5-44 Treatment Performance Data for Tetrachloroethylene in
Wastewaters .'. 5-132
5-45 Treatment Performance Data for Toluene in Wastewaters ........ 5-137
5-46 Treatment Performance Data for 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in
, Wastewaters 5-144
5-47 Treatment Performance Data for 1,1,2-Trichloroethane in
Wastewaters 5-148
5-48 Treatment Performance Data for Trichloroethylene in
Wastewaters 5-151
5-49 Treatment Performance Data for
Trichloromonofluoromethane in Wastewaters 5-156
5-50 Treatment Performance Data for 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-
trifluoroethane in Wastewaters - - - 5-159
5-51 Treatment Performance Data for Vinyl Chloride in
Wastewaters ... : 5-161
5-52 , Treatment Performance Data for 1,2-Xylene in Wastewaters 5-163
5-53 Treatment Performance Data for 1,3-Xylene in Wastewaters 5-164
NRJ-071
. VI. .
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
5-54
5-55
5-56
5-57
5-5.8
5-59
5-60
5-61
5-62
5-63
5-64
5-65
5-66
5-67
Page
Treatment Performance Data for 1,4-Xylene in Wastewaters ...... 5-165
Treatment Performance Data for Xylenes (total) in '
Wastewaters .; 5-166
*
Treatment Performance Data for Acenaphthalene in
Wastewaters ;....... 5-170
Treatment Performance Data for Acenaphthene in
Wastewaters ''. , ." 5-173
Treatment Performance Data for Acetophenone in
Wastewaters : 5-175
Treatment Performance Data for 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine in
Wastewaters 5-178
Treatment Performance Data for Aniline in Wastewaters 5-180
Treatment Performance Data for Anthracene in Wastewaters 5-182
Treatment Performance Data for Benz(a)amhracene in
Wastewaters 5-186
Treatment Performance Data for Benzo(b)fluoranthene in /
Wastewaters , 5-188
Treatment Performance Data for Benzo(k)fluoranthene in
Wastewaters ; 5-191
Treatment Performance Data for Benzo(g,h,i)perylene in
Wastewaters ., "..., :.......: 5-193
/
Treatment Performance Data for Benzo(a)pyrene in
Wastewaters - - .5-196
Treatment Performance Data for 4-Bromophenyi Phenyl
Ether in Wastewaters ..' ' 5-198
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0630-Ol.nrj
vii
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Page
5-68 Treatment Performance Data for Butyl Benzyl Phthalate in
Wastewaters , 5-200
5-69 Treatment Performance Data for 2-seoButyL-4,6- ,
Dinitrophenol (Dinoseb) in Wastewaters ..' '. 5-202
5-70. Treatment Performance Data for p-Chloroaniline in '
Wastewaters 5-204
5-71 Treatment Performance Data for p-Chloro-m-cresol in
Wastewaters .....: 5-207
5-72 Treatment Performance Data for bis(2-
Chloroethoxy)methane in Wastewaters ,5-209
5-73 .' Treatment Performance Data for bis(2-Chloroethyl)etner in
Wastewaters -..'..''.' 5-211
5-74 Treatment Performance Data for bis(2-Chloroisopropyl)ether
in Wastewaters 5-213
5-75 Treatment Performance Data for 2-Chloronaphthalene in
Wastewaters 5-215
5-76 Treatment Performance Data for 2-Chlorophenol in
Wastewaters .T.......,!... 5-217
5-77 Treatment Performance Data for Chrysene in Wastewaters 5-219
5-78 Treatment Performance Data for o-Cresol in Wastewaters 5-221
5-79 Treatment Performance Data for meta/para-Cresol in
Wastewaters 5-223
5-80 - Treatment Performance Data for Dibenz(a,h)anthracene in
Wastewaters - 5-226
5-81' Treatment Performance Data for Di-n-Butyl Phthalate in
Wastewaters. , ป... ; 5-231
0630-oi.nij vii
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
5-82
5-83 .
5-84
5-85
5-86
5-87 .'-
5-88
5-89
5-90
5-91
5-92
5-93
5-94
' ' , Page
Treatment Performance Data for m-Dichlorobenzene in
Wastewaters ;. . 5-233
Treatment Performance Data for o-Dichlbrobenzene in
Wastewaters ..'..' 5-235
Treatment Performance Data for,p-Dichlorobenzene in
Wastewaters . 5-238
' /
Treatment Performance Data for 2,4-Dichlorophehol in
Wastewaters ... '. .....; 5-241
4
Treatment Performance Data for Diethyl Phthalate in
Wastewaters ....'.. '., /...... 5-244
Treatment Performance Data for 2,4-Dimethylphenol in
Wastewaters .'.- .' 5-248
Treatment Performance Data for Dimethyl Phthalate In
Wastewaters 5-251
Treatment Performance Data for 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresorin
Wastewaters .-...'.' 5-255
i ~ '
Treatment Performance Data for 2,4-Dinitrophenoi in
Wastewaters 5-258
i
Treatment Performance Data for 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in
Wastewaters 5-260
Treatment Performance. Data for 2,6-Dinitrotoluene in
Wastewaters - - - 5-262
>.">*
Treatment Performance Data for Di-n-pctyl Phthalate in
Wastewaters 5-264
Treatment Performance Data for 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine in
Wastewaters 5-267
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0630-4H.IUJ
IX
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
. - Page
5-95 Treatment Performance Data for bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate
in Wastewaters .' ; 5-271
, ' /
5-96 Treatment Performance Data for Fluoranthene in
Wastewaters . ; 5-275
5-97 Treatment Performance Data for Fluorene in Wastewaters -.. 5-277
5-98 N Treatment Performance Data for Hexachlorobenzene in
Wastewaters 5-279
5-99 Treatment Performance Data for Hexachlorobutadiene in
Wastewaters 5-281
t ' .
5-100 Treatment Performance Data for Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
in Wastewaters .......; '; 5-283
'5-101 Treatment Performance Data for Hexachloroethane in
Wastewaters ...... . ....... 5-285
5-102 Treatment Performance Data for Indeno(l,2,3-cd)Pyrene in
Wastewaters 5-288
' . ' '
5-103 Treatment Performance Data for 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-
chloroaniline) in Wastewaters 5-293
5-104 Treatment Performance Data for Naphthalene in
Wastewaters 5-297
5-105 . Treatment Performance Data for 2-Naphthylamine in
Wastewaters 5-300
5-106 Treatment Performance Data for o-Nitroaniline in
Wastewaters ..."....; ,5-302
v , ...
5-107 Treatment Performance Data for p-Nitroaniline in
Wastewaters ........:. 5-304
5-108 ' Treatment Performance Data for Nitrobenzene in
Wastewaters 5-307
N, '
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
5-108.1
5-109
5-110
5-111
5-112
5-113
5-114
5-115
5-116
5-117
5-118
5-119
5-120
5-121
5-122
NRJ-OTi
Page
Treatment Performance Data for 2-Nitrophenoi in
Wastewaters .' :.'.., 5-308.2
Treatment Performance Data for 4-Nitrophenol in
Wastewaters 5-311
Treatment Performance Data fof.N-Nitrosodimethylamine in
Wastewaters : .'. . 5-314
Treatment Performance Data for Pentachlorophenol in
Wastewaters '.-...'/. - 5-325
Treatment Performance Data for Phenacetin in Wastewaters ? 5-329
Treatment Performance Data for Phenanthrene in
Wastewaters ................./ ' 5-332
Treatment Performance Data for Phenol in Wastewaters ... 5-335
Treatment Performance Data for Phthalic Anhydride in.
Wastewaters ....... .'; / 5-339
Treatment Performance Data for Pronamide in Wastewaters 5r341
Treatment Performance Data for Pyfene in Wastewaters 5-344
Treatment Performance Data for 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
in Wastewaters 5-347
Treatment Performance Data for 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol in
Wastewaters .;.... 5-349
/
Treatment Performance Data for 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene in
Wastewaters 5-351
s 4
Treatment Performance Data for 2,4^-Trichlorophenol in
Wastewaters , '.'. . . . 5-353
Treatment Performance Data for 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in
Wastewaters '. '.-. ; 5-355
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Page
5-123 Treatment Performance Data for Aldrin in Wastewaters 5-358
5-124 Treatment Performance Data for alpha-BHC in Wastewaters ..;... 5-360
5-125 Treatment Performance Data for beta-BHC in Wastewaters ....... 5-362
5-126 Treatment Performance Data for delta-BHC in Wastewaters 5-364
, \
5-127 Treatment Performance Data for gamma-BHC in
Wastewaters : -..:.:... 5-366
V
5-128 Treatment Performance Data for Chlordane in Wastewaters 5-368
5-129 Treatment Performance Data for ODD in Wastewaters "...-... 5-370
5430 Treatment Performance Data for DDE in Wastewaters 5-372
5-131 Treatment Performance Data for DDT in Wastewaters.- 5-374
5-132 Treatment Performance Data for Dieldrin in Wastewaters 5-376
\
%
5-133 Treatment Performance Data for Endosulfan I in
Wastewaters 5-378
5-134 . Treatment Performance Data for Endosulfan n in
Wastewaters .- 5-380
5-135 Treatment Performance Data for Endrin in Wastewaters 5-383
5-136 Treatment Performance Data for Endrin Aldehyde in
Wastewaters 5-385
5-137 Treatment Performance Data for Heptachlor in Wastewaters 5-387
5-138 Treatment Performance Data for Heptachlor Epoxide in
Wastewaters ..: 5-389
* ' ~\ ' '
5-139 Treatment Performance Data for Kepone in Wastewaters 5-392
063tM)l.nq
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
5-140
Treatment Performance Data for Methoxychlor in
Wastewaters
Page
5-394
5-141 , . Treatment Performance Data for Toxaphene in Wastewaters 5-396
5-142 Treatment Performance Data for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
Acid in Wastewaters 5-399
5-143 Treatment Performance Data for Stlvex in Wastewaters ... '. 5-401
. . ' i .
5-144 Treatment Performance Data for 2,4,5:T in Wastewaters 5-403
5-145 Treatment Performance Data for Aroclor 1016 in .
Wastewaters .,...-. ...<....... 5^12
5-146 Treatment Performance Data for Aroclor 1221 in
Wastewaters ... '. 5-414
5-147 , Treatment Performance Data for Aroclor 1232 in
Wastewaters 5-416
\ . ' '
5-148 Treatment Performance Data for Aroclor 1242 in
Wastewaters 5-418
5-149 Treatment Performance Data for Aroclor 1248 in
Wastewaters 5-420
5-150 Treatment Performance Data for Aroclor 1254 in
Wastewaters '..-.. 5-422
5-151 Treatment Performance Data for Aroclor 1260 in
Wastewaters 5-424
5-152 Treatment Performance Data for Hexachlorodibenzo-p-
. dioxins in Wastewaters 5-428
5-153 Treatment Performance Data for Hexachlprodibenzofurans in
Wastewaters : ; 5-430
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Page
5-154 > Treatment Performance Data for Pentachiorodibenzo-p-
. dioxins in Wastewaters . , . . . 5-432
5-155 Treatment Performance Data for Pentachlorodibenzofurans
in Wastewaters . ." . 5-434
5-156 Treatment Performance Data for Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxins in Wastewaters 5-436
5-157 Treatment Performance Data for Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
in Wastewaters , 5-438
5-158 Treatment Performance Data for Antimony in Wastewaters 5-442*
5-159 , Treatment Performance Data for Arsenic in Wastewaters 5-445
5-160 Treatment Performance Data for Barium in Wastewaters 5-448
.5-161 Treatment Performance Data for Beryllium in Wastewaters 5-452
5-162 Treatment Performance Data for Cadmium in Wastewaters 5-455
5-163 Treatment Performance Data for Chromium (Total) in
Wastewaters .... 5-459
5-164 Treatment Performance Data for Lead in Wastewaters 5-464
5-165 Treatment Performance Data for Mercury in Wastewaters 5-468
5-166 Treatment Performance Data for Nickel in Wastewaters 5-472
5-167 Treatment Performance Data for Selenium in Wastewaters 5-477
5-168 Treatment Performance Data for Silver in Wastewaters 5-480
5-169 Treatment Performance Data for Thallium in Wastewaters 5-483
- * i
5-170 Treatment Performance Data for Vanadium in Wastewaters ....... 5-486
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-9
6-10
6-11
,6-12
Page
Calculation of Universal Treatment Standards for Organic
Constituents (Wastewaters) 6-7
Calculation of Universal Treatment Standards for Metal
Constituents (Wastewaters) 6-17
Accuracy Correction Factors for Volatile Organic
Constituents Using EPA/OSW Data ; 6-18
Accuracy Correction Factors for Semivolatile Organic
Constituents Using EPA/OSW Data .- .6-19
Accuracy Correction Factors for Semivolatile Organic
Constituents Using EPA/OSW K101 and K102 Data 6-20
Accuracy Correction Factors for Volatile Organic
Constituents Using Industry-Submitted Leachate Data from
Dow ... ; -i 6-21
Accuracy Correction Factors for Volatile Organic
Constituents Using Industry-Submitted Leachate Data from
CWM 6-22
Accuracy Correction Factors for Semivolatile Organic
Constituents Using Industry-Submitted Leachate Data from
Dow .... 6-23
/
Accuracy Correction Factors for Organochlorine Pesticide
Organic Constituents Using Industry-Submitted Leachate .
Data from Dow 6-24
Accuracy Correction Factors for Organophosphorus
Insecticide Organic Constituents Using Industry-Submitted
Leachate Data from Dow
6-25
EAD Variability Factors for Volatile Organic Constituents ......... 6-26
BAD Variability Factors for Semivolatile Organic
Constituents ; 6'27
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XV
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Page
6-13 EAD Variability Factors for Metal Constituents 6-28
6-14 Variability Factors for the EPA-Collected Wet Air Oxidation
Data 6-29
6-15 Variability Factors for BOAT Data from K011, K013, and
K014 : 6-30
6-16 Variability Factor for CMA's Carbon Disulfide Task Force
Data .'. 6-31
A-l Analytical Methods for BDAT Constituents Selected for
Regulation in Wastewater Forms of Universal Standards
Wastes A-3
A-2 Analytical Methods Instrumentation A-16
r>
B-l Method Detection Limits for Organic Constituents Selected
for Regulation in Wastewater Forms of Universal Standards
Wastes ....;. .'..., B-3
B-2 Method Detection Limits for Metal Constituents Selected for
Regulation in Wastewater Forms of Universal Standards
Wastes .... B-12
XVi
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
t
i *
In accordance with the amendments to the Resource Conservation and
\
Recovery Act (RCRA) enacted in the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
(HSWA) of November 8, 1984, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
establishing Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) universal standards for
the-listed wastes identified in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations. Section 26131 (40
CFR 261.31). Compliance with the treatment standards is a prerequisite for land
disposal of restricted wastes, as defined in 40 CFR Part 268. EPA may grant variances
i .
from the applicable treatment standards under 40 CFR 268.44 and under 40 CFR 268.6.
EPA may grant waste-, and site-specific waivers from the applicable treatment standards
in 40 CFR 268.41-268.43.
A universal standard is a single concentration-based treatment standard
established for a specific constituent; a constituent has the same treatment standard in
each waste code in which it is regulated. The Agency is establishing two different sets of
universal standards: one for nonwastewater forms of wastes and one for wastewater
forms of wastes.1 ' . .
/ , . _
This background document provides the Agency's rationale and technical
support for selecting the constituents for regulation under universal standards and for
developing the universal standards for wastewater forms of listed hazardous wastes. The
'Wastewaters are defined as wastes containing less than 1% (weight basis) total
suspended solids2 (TSS) and less than 1% (weight basis) total organic carbon (TOC).
Wastes not meeting this definition are classified as nohwastewaters and must comply
with a nonwastewater treatment standard.
term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EPA's previously used terminology
of "total solids" and "filterable" solids." Specifically, total suspended solids is measured by
Method 209C (total suspended solids dried at 103-105ฐC) in Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water arid Wastewater, Sixteenth Edition (1).
NRJ-071
0630-01.MJ ES-1
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development of the universal standards for nonwastewater forms of listed hazardous
wastes are presented in Volume A of this two volume set. These universal standards
replace BOAT treatment standards in most of the previously promulgated waste codes
and will.be used in the future to promulgate treatment standards for newly listed wastes.
The Agency selected constituents for regulation under universal standards
from the BOAT List of constituents. The BDAT List represents hazardous constituents
which may be regulated by EPA under the Land Disposal Restrictions Program. .
Universal standards were calculated for the constituents selected for regulation utilizing
constituent-specific treatment performance data from various sources. These data
represent most of the wastewater treatment performance data available to the Agency.
The Agency then evaluated the data on a constituent-by-constituent basis to determine
the data most appropriate to use in establishing a universal standard.
The Agency is establishing universal standards for 185 organic constituents
and 14 metal constituents in nonwastewaters, and 195 organic constituents and 13 metal
constituents in wastewaters. As discussed in Section 2.1, the number of constituents
selected for regulation in nonwastewater and wastewater forms of universal standards
wastes differ since, in some instances, a constituent may be readily analyzed in one waste
form (e.g., wastewater) and not in the other form (e.g., nonwastewater).
The universal standards for organic and metal constituents in wastewater
forms of wastes are equal to the treatment standards for wastewater forms of F039, with
a few exceptions. The universal standards We based on treatment performance data
from several sources, including the BDAT database, the NPDES database, the WERL
,'
database, EPA-collected WAO/PACT* data, the HAD database, industry-submitted
leachate treatment performance data, data submitted by the Chemical Manufacturers
Association's (CMA's) Carbon Disulfide Task Force, data submitted by California's Toxic
Substances Control Division, data in literature that were not already part of the WERL
database, and data in literature submitted by industry on the WAO and PACT9
NW-071 '
ES-2
-------
.treatment processes. These data reflect the performance of numerous industrial
wastewater treatment systems, and the Agency believes it is appropriate to develop
. wastewater universal standards based on these data.
t
The universal standards for organic constituents in nonwastewater forms of
wastes are based on incineration, fuel substitution, and sludge drying performance data
that were used to promulgate previous BOAT treatment standards. The universal
standards for metal constituents in nonwastewater forms of wastes are based on
performance data from high temperature metals recovery (HTMR) of. nonwastewater
forms of K061, F006, and K062 wastes, stabilization of nonwastewater forms of D007 .
wastes, acid leaching of nonwastewater forms of K071 wastes, and vitrification of an
arsenic-bearing slag. The Agency's rationale and technical support for establishing
i
universal standards for. nonwastewater forms of wastes is provided hi EPA's Final Best
Technology BDATt Background Qncninimt for Universal
Standards. Volume A: Universal Standards for Nonwastewater Form.? of
Hazardous Wastes (2).
Table ES-1 lists the organic constituents selected for regulation and the
corresponding universal standards for both wastewater and nonwastewater forms of listed
wastes. Table ES-2 presents the universal standards for metal constituents in wastewater
and nonwastewater forms of listed wastes. Table ES-3 presents previously promulgated
treatment standards and the revised treatment standards from the application of
universal standards for wastewater forms of wastes. This table presents, by waste code,
the revised treatment standards for wastewater forms of all of the previously
promulgated waste codes to which universal standards are applicable.
In Table ES-1, the universal standards for organic constituents in
nonwastewater forms of listed hazardous wastes are expressed as the total concentration
of each constituent, except as noted for a few constituents. All of the universal standards
for organic constituents' in- wastewater forms of listed hazardous wastes are expressed as
0630-4J1.MJ ' ES-3
-------
the total concentration of each constituent. The units for the total concentration values
are measured in mg/kg (by weight basis) for nonwastewaters and in mg/L (by volume
basis) for wastewaters. In Table ES-2, the universal standards for metal constituents in
nonwastewater forms of listed hazardous wastes are expressed as the concentration in the
waste extract, as measured by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP).
The units used for leachate data are mg/L
EPA notes, however, that the wastewater numbers being promulgated
apply on a limited basis: only to wastewater managed in treatment systems other than a
Clean Water Act (CWA) or CWA-equivalent treatment system. Thus, facilities
managing decharacterized wastewater in treatment systems with impoundments, and then
discharging to navigable waters or Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) are not
affected. In the succeeding Phase m rule, EPA is actively considering an approach
whereby technology-based CWA standards for a specific industry or plant also serve as
the BDAT standards.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij . ES-4
-------
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ES-19
-------
Table ES-3
Previously Promulgated Wastewater Treatment Standards and
Revised Treatment Standards from the Application of
Wastewater Universal Standards
V
s " - ''
-- - , -. - ' ' ' '
Regulated Hazardoos Constituents;
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
:' ^'.:':"
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewatcr
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
: (mg/L)
.: ' . ' .-. -A-. ..,.,:.;:. FW* *.>... . -- .'
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Lead
Nickel :
Cyanides (total)
Cyanides (amenable)
1.6
0.32
0.040
0.44
1.2
0.86
, FOOT
Chromium (total).
Lead
Nickel
Cyanides (total)
Cyanides (amenable)
0.32
0.04
0.44
1.9
0.1
0.69
2.77
0.69
3.98
DE
DE
-
2.77
0.69
3.98
DE
DE
. ,; = : : . ... :v ,|,c :^^. ,,,: pggg; ^ ;;;'---:n;;:;'-: ::;;r;f:; : : ;; .
Chromium (total)
Lead
Nickel
Cyanides (total)
Cyanides (amenable)
0.32
0.04
0.44
1.9
0.1 .
2.77
0.69
3.98
DE
DE
' " " -. -.:;-'::- :',: '.]--^^--^'^:^ ^KOM'^""^'' ?':<*>. '.'Z:?ฃ^&$x;-^''&^-?^-.'-* ''*''
:-. . . ... -".-.-. :.. -:..::." - "rv'V.-:; "?;;-.;,,;.;;;' tW^-.---- :?;;>.? ./'.- -:.v;--.-:-v;-:-:%-;:-,. ->.;' :.-"\-\;""'' ::'.:'.. '"."
Chromium (total)
Lead
Nickel
Cyanides (total)
Cyanides (amenable)
0.32
0.04
0.44
1.9
0.1
2.77
0.69
3.98
DE
DE
?. ;- - ; ; ;^ -> ^-':-:^:^:ui::- . w^:;^^ :'--^Mmm:^m .-" ;
Cyanides (total)
Cyanides (amenable)
1.9
0.1
DE
DE
NRJ-On
063(MlXiui
ES-21
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
- -" ,
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/l*
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L>
. . . "'.., "'' ,..' -: Foil v '.. - : -' :.ฃ>'-. "- . .
Chromium (total)
Lead
Nickel
Cyanides (total) ,
Cyanides (amenable)
N 0.32
0.04
0.44
1.9
O.i
2.77 '
0.69
3.98
DE
DE
F:.
Chromium (total)
Cyanides (total)
Cyanides (amenable)
032
0.04
0.44
1.9
0.1
VWป -.-'.>- -.::-"-:^-.i
0.32
1.2
0.86
2.77
0.69
3.98
DE
DE
^.^^'^ ';''
' . 2.77
DE
DE
V F020-F023 and F026-F028 (Dloxm-CoHtainiiii Wastes)
Hexachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins
Hexacbloro-dibenzofurans
Pentachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins
Pentachloro-dibenzofurans
Tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins
Tetrachiorodibenzofurans
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
Pentachlorophenol
< 0.001
< 0.001
<0.001
<0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
<0.05
<0.05
<0.10
<0.01
0.000063
0.000063
, 0.000063
0.000035
0.000063
. 0.000063
0.18
0.035
0.030
0.089
N8J-071
0630-02-nij
ES-22
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
.
' '-.
- -
- - " . ; ' .'
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
. Total Composition
;-'.'. ;. (mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
1 (mg/L)
:- ., ',< ;->;.;.- :.:>.v ^^-S^^^^^^-^^^^^'-^ - ' '
2-Chloro- 1,3-butadiene
3-Chloropropene
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloropropane
cis-13-Dichloropropene
trans- 1,3-Dichloropropane
bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthaiate
Hexachloroethane
Chromium (total)
Nickel
0.28
0.28
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014 .
0.014
0.036
0.036
035
0.47 ,
0.057
0.036
0.059
0.21
0.85
0.036
0.036
0.28
0.055
. 2.77
3.98
. ...'. .: :,--. .. - : .... "; " "'-'... . ' .-::. ";" ',.: '
--= " " -' ";;:v^:>%-:^:^-^ '" '
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform .
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Methylene Chloride
1, 1^-Trichloroethahe
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl Chloride
0.057
0.046
0.21
0.025
0.089
0.054
0.054
. 0.27
0.057
0.046
0.21
0.025
0.089
0.054
.,0.054
0.27
'' *- ' -":>;:->::''mnr:'tc"' ^:'*rn^" :'"- :;;;;*M- J iwii"'"'11' 'f"':'* '&*ป*** ' v-"'^1--^''--'' '
: -;.-- ./......; ;.;.. ..::t:.: ฅvM& \SpClft ffHteTS Of AlClS 'gB . . :-.-.
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachloroethane
Methylene Chloride
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl Chloride
0.057
0.046
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.089
0.054
0.054
0.27
0.057
0.046
0^055
0.055
0.055
0.089
0.054
0.054
0.27
NRJ-071
ES-23
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
Revised Treatment
Standard from1 the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L>
F033I?
Acenaphthalene
Anthracene
Benzene
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene .
Bis(2*thylhexyl) Phthalate
Chrysene.
Di-n-butyl Phthalate
Ethyibenzene
Fluorene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Pyrene
Toluene
Xylene(s)
Lead
Cyanides (total)
Chromium (total)
0.059
0.059
0.14
0.059
0.061
0.28
0.059
0.057
0.057
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.039
; 0.067
0.08
0.32
0.037
0.028
0.2
0.059
0.059
0.14
0.059
0.061
0.28
0.059
0.057
0.057
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.039
0.067
0.08
0.32
0.69
DE
2.77
NRJ-071
0630-02-mj
ES-24
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
Cmg/L)
F038
Benzene
Benz(a)pyrene
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Chrysene
Di-n-butyl Phthalate
Ethylbenzene
Fluorene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Pyrene
Toluene
Xylene(s)
Chromium (total)
Lead
Cyanides (total)
0.14
0.061
0.28
.0.059
0.057
0.057
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.039
0.067
0.080
0.32
02
0.037
0.028
0.14
0.061
0.28
0.059
0.057
0.057
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.039
0.067
0.080
032
2.77
0.69
DE
0630-02. nrj
ES-25
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/i)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Aldrin
4-Aminobiphenyl .
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248 ,
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Benz(a)anthracehe
Benzene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(g,h,i)peiylene
Benzo(a)pyrene
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
gamma-BHC (Lindane)
Bromodichloromethane
0.059
0.059
0.28
0.17
0.010
0.059
0.29
0.24
0.021
0.13
0.81
0.059
0.36
0.013
0.014
0.013
0.017
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.059
0.14
0.055
0.059
0.0055
0.061
0.00014
0.00014
0.023
0.0017
0.35
0.059
0.059
0.28
5.6
0.010
0.059
0.29
0.24
0.021
0.13
0.81
0.059
036
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a) ..
(a)
(a)
0.059
0.14
0.11 (sum)
0.11 (sum)
0.0055
0.061
0.00014
0.00014
0.023
0.0017
0.35
(m)The Agency is promulgating a single universal standard for total PCBs (0.10 mg/L) in
wastewaters based on the sum of the treatment standards for the Aroclors shown above.
NIU-071
063CMJ2.nij
ES-26
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regelated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
F039 (continued)
Bromoform (Tribromomethane)
Bromomethane (Methyl
Bromide)
4-Bromophenyi Phenyl Ether
n-Butanol
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
(Dinoseb) .
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlordane (alpha & gamma)
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzilate .
2;Chloro-13-butadiene -.
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroethane
bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane
bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Chloroform
bis(2-Chloroisopropyl)ether
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Chloromethane (Methyl
Chloride)
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chloropropylene
Chrysene
Cresol (m- and p- isomers)
o-Cresol
Cyclohexanone
0.63
0.11
0.055
5.6
0.017
0.066
0.014
0.057
0.0033
0.46
0.057
0.10
0.057
0.057
0.27
0.036
0.033
0.046
0.055
0.018
0.19
0.055
0.044
0.036
0.059
0.77
o.ii
036
0.63
0.11
0.055
5.6
0.017
0.066
3.8
0.057
0.0033
0.46
0.057
0.10
0.057
0.057
.0.27
0.036
0.033
0.046
0.055
0.018
0.19
0.055
0.044
0.036
0.059
0.77
0.11
0.36
NRJ-071
0630-OZnij
ES-27
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
,
\
':..:.-...,' . ..-..- ;:,.,. '
Regolated Haiardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
tVeatment Standard
, Total CompositioB
'.' ' (mg/L)fc- :...; "
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
f;v.>. (mg/L)
.'"'' FW'itoBtlMe^:-'-'/;^^'^^ -'-*:' V. ' ..
o,p'-DDD
p-p'-DDD
o,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDE
o,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDT ,
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane
(Ethylene Dibromide)
Dibromoethane . ;
tris(2^-Dibromopropyl)phosphate
m-Dichlorobenzene ,
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorodifluorbmethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1, 1-Dichloroethylene
trans- 1,2-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
Acid(2,4-D)
1,2-Dichloropropane
cis-l,3-Dichloropropene
tram- 1,3-Dichloropropene
Dieldrin
Diethyi Phthalate
2,4-Dimethyl phenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl Phthalate . .
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
0.023
0.023
0.031
0.031
0.0039
0.0039
0.055
. 0.061
0.11
0.028
o.ii
0.11
0.036
0.088
0.090
0.23
0.059
0.21 .
0.025
0.054
0.044
0.044
0.72
"
0.85
0.036
0.036
. 0.017
0.20
0.036
6.047
0.057
0.32 ,
0.28
0.023
0.023
0.031
0.031
0.0039
0.0039
0.055
0.061
0.11
0.028
0.11
0.11
0.036
0.088
0.090
0.23
0.059
0.21
0.025
0.054
0.044
0.044
0.72
0.85
0.036
0.036
0.017
0.20
0.036
0.047
0.057
0.32
0.28
NRM71
0630-02-oij
ES-28
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
.
'
\ *
* /
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
.Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
F039 (continued)
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Oinitrotoluene
2,6-Dim'trotoluene
Di-n-octyl Phthalate
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
1,4-Dioxahe
Diphenylamine ' , \
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Diphenylnitrosamine
Disulfoton
Endosulfan I
Endosulfan n
Endosulfan Sulfate
Endrin
Endrin Aldehyde
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
(Propanenitrile)
Ethyl Ether
bis(2-EthylhexyI)phthalate
Ethyl Methaoylate
Ethylene Oxide
Famphur
Fluoranthene . . .
Fluorene
Heptachlor
Heptachlor Epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Klipxiiis
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloropropene
0.12
0.32
0.55
0.017
0.40
0.12
0.52
0.087
0.40
0.017
0.023
0.029
0.029
0.0028
0.025
0.34
0.057
Q24
0.12
0.28
0.14 ^
0.12
0.017
0.068
0.059
0.0012
0.016
0.055
0.055
0.057
0.000063
0.000063
0.055
0.035
0.12
0.32
0.55
0.017
0.40
^i-n 1
NR
0.92 (sum)
0.087
0.92 (sum)
0.017
0.023
0.029
0.029
0.0028
0.025
0.34
0.057
f\ /% A
0.24
0.12
0.28
0.14
0.12
0.017
0.068
0.059
0.0012
0.016
0.055
0.055
0.057
0.000063
0.000063
0.055
0.035
NRJ-071
0630-Q2.nrj
ES-29
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
' - '-'''.
..
Regulated Hazardous Constituent?
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(ing/L)
Revised IVeatmenl
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
i - - , :
F039 (continued)
Indeno(l,2,3-c,d)pyrene
lodomethane
Isobutanol . .
Isodrin
Isosafrole
Kepone
Methacrylonitrile ,
Methanol
Methapyrilene
Methoxychlor
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Methyl Methanesulfonate
Methyl Parathion
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Methylene-bis
(2-Chloroaniline)
Methylene Chloride
Naphthalene
2-Naphthylamine
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N^Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomorphoiine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
Parathion ' .
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachlorodibenzofurans
0.0055
0.19
5.6
0.021
0.081
0.0011
0.24
5.6
0.081
0.25
0.28
0.14
0.14
0.018
0.014
0.0055
0.50
0.089
0.059
0.52
0.028
0.068
. 032
0.12
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.055
0.000063
0.0055
0.19
5.6
0.021
0.081
0.0011
0.24
5.6
0.081
0.25
0.28
0.14
0.14
0.018
0.014
0.0055
0.50
0.089
0.059
0^2
0.028
0.068
032
0.12
0:40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.055
6.000035
NRJ-OTl
ES-30
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
-
' '
' '* .
.;
Regulated Hazardous Constituents .
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
,. ' (ing/t)^--: .
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
~ Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
I".'1' . ,;- . .' Fft3* (continued) '
Pentachiorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phorate
Phthalic Anhydride
Pronamide
Pyrene
Pyridine
Safrole
SUvex (2,4,5-TP)
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
1, 1, 1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane -
Tetrachloroethylene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
Toluene
Toxaphene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1-TrichIoroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichloromonofluoromethane
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic
Acid (2,4,5-T)
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-U^- ' ,
trifluoroethane
Vinyl Chloride
0.000063
0.055
0.089
0.081
. 0.059
0.039
0.021
0.069
0.093
0.067
0.014
0.081
0.72
0.055
0.000063
0.000063
0.057.
0.057
0.056
0.030
0.080
0.0095
0.055
6.054
0.054
0.054
0.020
0.18
0.035
, 0.72
0.85 '
0.057
0.27
0.000063
0.055
0.089
0.081
0.059 ,-
0.039
0.021
0.055
0.093
0.067
0.014
0.081
0.72
0.055
0.000063
0.000063
0.057
0.057
0.056
6.030
0.080
0.0095
0.055
0.054
0.054
0.054
0.020
0.18
0.035
0.72
0.85
0.057
0.27
NRJ-071
Q63CMJ2.MJ
ES-31
-------
Table ES-3
\
(Continued)
X
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment .
Standard front the
Application of
Universal Standards .
Total Composition
(mg/L)
F039 (continued)
Xylene(s)
Cyanides (total)
Fluoride
Sulfide
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
0.32
1.2
35
14
1.9
1.4
1.2
0.82
0.20
0.37
0.28
0.15
0.55
0.82
0.29
1.4
0.042
0.32
DE
35
14 .
1.9
1.4
1.2
0.82
0.69
2.77
0.69
0.15
3.98
0.82
0.43
1.4
4.3
.... . ,.^.-.,..^.,,.^^
Naphthalene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
Toluene
Xylenes (total)
Lead .
0.031
0.18
0.031
0.028
0.028
0.032
0.037
0.059
0.089
0.059
0.067
0.080
0.32
0.69
NRJMm
0630-02. mj
ES-32
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
\ -'
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
:.'.' '' '."'. ':'- '''*
Chromium (total)
Lead ,
.:.'""'' ;,""''' ':''. ' Vt'::' ^'." . '" '" ':;'."?::' ' ''.
*
Chromium (total)
Lead
,
Chromium (total)
Lead
fe:^:>'"^^^^fe^i^-:^^-
Chromium (total)
Lead
.Cyanides (total)
Chromium (total)
Lead
:. ' ,
''- -- ป
Chromium (total)
Lead
Cyanides (total)
/: I:. . -
>', : --.::' \::-H^^^Sฃf^M^Mf.sW;---"'^t-':'
Chromium (total)
Lead
... '''-'. V'-' - :.." ':-":-" .. ' ;:.kl ' 1>v :/ :.- ['..',''.. ,'' . ...
;-. " -''" "-. '.- ",-.. ''_ ;.'.;'. '"'-.. '"' " '"
Chloroform
Previous
WastewBter
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)? ,
K0ซ2 :. '':;
0.9
3.4
MM?" ''- r'^y^
0.9
3.4
K004
0.9
3.4
K00ง*^;^^-^S"
0.9
3.4
0.74
BMNfc^^SSIMl^
0.9
3.4
. -;. -.' -..;.- .. :'.-..: . ..
KOW:.^'"'^-.-?!.^^'"^-
0.9
3.4
0.74
K008
0.9
3.4
K005
0.1
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
v (mg/L>
:;>::l..;. ;.,; ;
' 2.77
0.69
;|--;v-A,:^::.;f';'::';- ;.:;;.
2.77
0.69
,
2.77
0.69
||||:';':%t^?|;'.^ -
2.77
0.69
DE
si^>;-:^;;^?;':v;,, ..-
2.77
0.69
:i".-..: H,-: .-: . -V5"* '"v::.- ..
A;;;'v'j.::":i--'-::-;' ':--:':v'' -" :- '" - -
2.77
0.69
DE
2.77
0.69
.."
0.046
NRJ-071 .
063(W)2.nij
ES-33
-------
Tahle ES-3
(Continued)
1
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Chloroform .
Acetonitrile
Acryionitrile
Aciylamide
Benzene
Cyanides (total)
:-.-.. - , '. ' J|V :::: __ . :; .. --.:; ;:-.:.;.::,:.. ;; ....-..-.-;.:- - ;-
Acetonitrile
Acryionitrile
Acrylamide
Benzene
Cyanides (total)
,.". " "if!".' "''''..'.''.'::. .V.'.:..~:''"'<'.-:::K- '""':''.''.
Acetonitrile
Acryionitrile
Acrylamide '
Benzene
Cyanides (total)
' ..:_" -\f^^^W^^:^
Anthracene
Benzal Chloride
Sum of Benzo(b)fluoranthene and
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Phenanthrene
Toluene
Chromium (total)
Nickel
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total CompositiOB
-''' -"(mg/L)',y':;-::
Kปl^:;-::V:-;:.^:'.^^;:.-- &
0.1
Kftii%. :.;::t:l m^M
38
0.06
,19
0.02
21
38
0.06
19
0.02
21
K^^;^-O----:-VF-;:---T
38
0.06
19
0.02
21
K01S;V;,j,,,yV':^-;J-:
0.059
0.28
0.055
0.059
0.08
0.32
0.44
Revised Treatment
. Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total CompositiOB
; (mg/L>
;>.:.;.. .
0.046
'..- '; '" '. : -:'." ""' '
5.6
0.24
19
0.14
DE
5.6
0.24
19
0.14
DE
;.-..;-'- ";:*/ ' .-.. ,.:V ':';! -"''"; .-" ' *
5.6
0.24
19
0.14
DE
... ;. .:... ...- v 'v:1 ': :':.. ' >
0.059
0.055
-0.11
0.059
0.08
2.77
3.98
NRJ-071
06304)10!]
ES-34
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
; (mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
P (mg/L>
. , KM*; ;;;>V':s:--,. \y \
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
0.055
0:055
0.057
0.055
0.056
0.055
0.055
0.057
0.055
- 0.056
:&i-^2-^%^
bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether
1,2-Dichloropropane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
0.033
0.85
0.85
0.033
0.85
0.85
!'' ' " ''';''..' ". i .- "'' '--.:',:-.. '.-.'*/'' ..-^A----.. - '" --''y.-'. Vft+&+S::->';- <:''.'Sf^:*i*X'^.^;'S.:-: ::. . "
>::: -.-- !;;.. ^.:...:/ ' " -.. r. iV-^^i-^v'V-'f-- ':- *ซป*8 * ; >"':' ^^y'^VP:!^5;'1^^^^;^.^:?''' .'
Chloroethane
Chioromethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
0.27
0:19
0.059
0.21
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.054
0.27
0.19
0.059
0.21
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.054
NRJ-071
ES-35
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from toe
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
'' . .'- '' . - . '"' Wl* " ' - > ,.
bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
1,2-Dichloroethane
p-Dichlorpbenzene
Fluorene
Hexachloroethane :
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetrachloroethylene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
0.033
0.057
0.046 .
0.21
0.090
0.059
0.055
0.059
0.059
0.055
0.056
0.055
0.054
0.033
0.057 '
0.046 .
0.21
0.090
0.059
0.055
0.059
0.059
0.055
0.056
0.055
0.054
: . ; :' ;; -;_ " ''_' L ' ' ; -^ '. Z^f^ KB2& :- " ''- ' ^ - " ' '..'. . ' '''"'? ' '" ' V
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
0.21
0.057
0.056
021
0.057
0.056
:, '.'.' 7> ' -. ;.; '^-^^^Sfff1^ KOM ; v ::;'- ' ' : '; * I : ^ - '& .'"" ->^"H ^ "
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Antimony
0.057
0.046
0.60
0.057
0.046
1.9
.=. ,:_-,--ijงiii^fff &':"';:-, KBOZ .. '"' '; .- .";
Acetophenone
Diphenylamine !~
Diphenylnitrosamine
Phenol
Toluene
Chromium (total)
Nickel .
0.010
0.52
0.40
0.039
0.080
0.35
0.47
0.010
0.92 (sum)
0.92 (sum)
0.039
0.080
2.77
3.98
NRJ-071
0630-02-arj
ES-36
-------
*
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regaiated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L>
:' " , . - . ;. R023* ,:': . ..:, . ;. ; - , .
Phthalic Anhydride (as measured by
Phthalic Acid)
0.069
0.055 '
ฃ ' . ' ' \*.4*ฃ^:. . :l -V - . -.V%v ' KffiMC'V:: --;-- -oo^:.' "- :\ .:,, .';..U^-,--:;
Phthalic Anhydride (as measured by
Phthalic Acid)
0.069
0.055
S " .; '^'.;;:', .-."-=.-: ^;- ">:,:--.; K02ซ '
1,1-Dichloroethane
trans- 1,2-Dichloroethene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachloroethane
1, 1, 1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
i, 1, 1-Trichloroethane
1, 1,2-Trichloroethane
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Lead
Nickel .
0.059
0.054
0.055
. 0.055
0.057
0.057
0.056
0.054 ,
0.054
6.4
OJ5
0.037
0.47
0.059
.0.054
0.055
0.055
0.057
0.057
0.056
0.054
0.054
0.69
2.77
0.69
3.98
: ^-*f-:--^|fc
Chloroform
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
Vinyl Chloride .
0.046
0.21
0.025
0.054
0.27
0.046
0.21
0.025
0.054
0.27
NRMJTl
0630-02. nrj
ES-37
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
'-'
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
"''. - -. ' '' '". " ' "
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlprobenzene .
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexacblorodibenzofurans
Hexacblorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Hexachloroethane
Pentachlorodibenzofurans
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxiiis
Pentachlorophenol
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Tetrachloroethylene ' .
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5^Trichlorophenol
.2,4,6-Tricbiorophenol
' l ': .1 --' '..!. . '..-..".. , -'- A': .': ">'K .:. ' .. ..'...;
- ' " " "- ' :.-...-".:.":'-.:-:"'.:.....:
. -. -,:.-::.'.--. - V." " .' \. .. .;..'.. '-:. -
Arsenic
............ -..,..:. .'.......,,:..... ..;.....,' ..
'.''.' " . '" "~.:.J. ^^f^^Kt^fy^^^yf^:^-'^
Chlordane
Heptachlor
Heptachlor Epoxide
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
;:.- "' --.--; :*.J':;JJ^-^^V::- -
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
....'. ...,;.,;:.:-. ^..;:;:;:::: ^ ; .
HexachlorocyclopentadieYie
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
K030
0.088
0.090
0.044
0.044
0.055
0.000063
0.000063
,. 0.055
0.000063
0.000063
0.089
0.055
0.000063
0.000063
0.056
0.055 -
0.18
0.035
K03I
0.79
.... ' " :... .. . :
K032 .:,.;.;,,::vvvg;';v;;:.x:
0.0033
0.0012
0.016
0.057
K033K-V'1" :--;'' ':; -;:V::;^
0.057
K034-. ', - :.,: - ; v?;::>;;.-:>; ':
0.057
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
0.088
0.090
0.044
0.044
0.055
0.000063
0.000063
0.055
0.000035
0.000063
0.089
0.055
0.000063
0.000063
0.056
0.055
0.18
0.035
,
1.4
0.0033
0.0012
0.016
0.057
::-,r;-v -'..:' v'/V'.^-- V"
0.057
:',' ';.:(~^:',:: :^>:L ,:-x '"
0.057
NRT-071
063ซWJ2.nrj
ES-38
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
1
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
_.. .' ' "-, ...';'..
Benz(a)anthracene
Chrysene
o-Cresoi
Cresols (m- and p-isomers)
Fluoranthene
Naphthalene x
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Pyrene
, .'.,.;.,,;,.:.-, -
- . , ... '_. ' ; '-;' .-v;?:; '*-.":' ,:.
Disulfoton
:. ' . -,:;,:;,,,, _:.-%.;, ;;;4f;:f..;.;
Disulfoton
Toluene
: - '.-,-...:-. J-;^^:^-l--^ii^:^. :
-. ". ,, .- '-..-. '.-'' : i ..:---., -,.;.-;-,-:--;-,;->:-_:':---.-:-'
" . - .... ---- -'.'. '-":..;.:' ;;'1---Vo^:"-;':'''V"ir-'>-->:^.::-'':':':"'-"'>f:V
Phorate
'' .. ':-'.;' - . A,' ::?: -'^i... ,;-:^*f"^y '.
- * '".-"... -:. ". -" '-,*-' '-'".'''''--'." '.'."" .._.,.
Phorate
'. " ' -'"- ''-' ..<.'."''.'' .'.- _i-;,i:-:;;i'>;;:-:-:;:;:i.;.;._.. , _ -
' .'^?S&&J$:--^""-::':%:K't''*^^-^
Toxaphene
:,. -.^-f^^-^-^s^'m:,-. ........ .-
.
0-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene \
Pentachlorobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L) ;
mssK ' : :i;v'--::--.
0.059
0.059
, 0.11
0.77
0.068
0.059
0.059
0.039
0.067
wrnsrf^-''* ":-- <*:ซ'*?if~t'^
BkWaW-'-v;:;:;. v^'.;:f -;-: ;-':: :K" '' ''' &*ซ:
0.025
m^:*ฃ^y^^
0.025
0.080
VJMnatiif^^Vs'X'VxS'^'X-'v^f; -'
tUI^ป;:^i:~X:*:;:^m;^:f:;
0.025
jsa^^^^^i^
0.025
KMti^ ;.0;-'^':t:v^cf .
0.0095
KMr*-'^-"-'^^-'-''"
0.088
0.090
0.055
0.055
0.055
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
'/.'. ;-- . '
0.059
0.059
0.11
0.77
0.068
0.059
0.059
0.039
0.067
-,, .,..;, ,.,,.,.. . ^:.;:;; .-: . ^..' : ;.. -. ,,, ..:.:.v .; v,.:,
'::S';^fc :v^!;'"":" ..*"*]<'. '-'I.-'' V^'^jiviv^'S:"';-'-:--.-- '"
0.017
; v i -"":; ^'v: '' ' ' ': '* '''"?' ' ''''-
0.017
0.080
::.;:f.::--;|::,,- ^:;'.:-k''::--;:.-:--: ,:-;
0.021
- - - . ' .'..:-"' " ": :: ' '
1 .'.- :' :-:--"V"' '-'-'"' ''.'.-
0.021
.,' ' "'- . ' ;'- '' '"
0.0095
>;,./..:.:.; .:^:'f:&-'' - ...'....
0.088
0.090
0.055
0.055
0.055
NRJ-071
063CM2.0IJ
ES-39
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
. s
,
. .. ,
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
. -
- " ' ' '. .. . -:.< .. .
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Anthracene
Benzene
Benzo(a)pyrene .
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Carbon disulfide
Chrysene
2,4-Dimethyl phenol
Ethylbenzene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Pyrene '
Toluene
Xylene(s) !
Chromium (total)
Cyanides (total)
.' . -...-. :':-' -.^:-::V:::v/.-;:>iv,-.^'.\;:.^Vi^:"';;^::i-';,';ฅ: '/.'^f^-.-''..,'..
Benzo(a)pyrene'
Phenol .
Chromium (total)
Lead -.
Cyanides (total) .
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
HM^--\- ;. -- ' :
0.059
0.14
0.061
0.28
0.014
0.059
0.036
0.057
0.059
0.059
0.039
0.067
0.08
0.32
0.2
6.028
KiWB:.:T;;v,S-:'''-' ^ ^ฃ.A.:i' ;:='
imww^y - - .- ,-- - \ ";, , : " ;'
0.061
0.039
0.2
0.037
0.028
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
0.059
0.14
0.061
0.28
3.8
0.059
0.036
0.057
0.059
0.059
0.039
0.067
0.08
0.32
2.77
0.028
!";""' ,'.--- ''";, : - "'"''."'s " * "'
.::::' .'.'":' .' -. ':-';: -'- -. ." '" " ..
0.061 ,
0.039 .
2.77
0.69
DE
063(M)2.(U)
ES-41
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
_
--.'
ป
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Totai CorapositioB
(mg/t)-.
Revised Treatment
Standard from the :
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
- . ' '"' ,', ' '' ' . .'-. ""1 FAtF**..- - ' ."'.-'J^.' 'V - '"' ' --:-;'- ' . .
...-...., -1 -, *--..*. . K051 ' .-..- Y:.,.-. .-.-:::;..;": -5 - .
Acenaphthene .
Anthracene
Benzene
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Chrysene
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Ethylbenzene
Fluorene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Pyrene
Toluene
Xylene(s)
Chromium (total)
Lead
Cyanides (total) ' ,
0.059
0.059
0.14
0.059
0.051
0.28
0.059
0.057
0.057
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.039
0.067
0.08 .
0.32
0.2
0.037
0.028
0.059
0.059
0.14
0.059
0.061
0.28
0.059
0.057
0.057
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.039
0.067
0.08
032
2.77
0.69
DE
;? . ^^.-;^-^^:x -f^^f^^is^s^^^ ' -KS- -; -';?', ?%":':: ' '
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Ethylbenzene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Toluene -
Xylene(s)
Chromium (total) .
Lead
Cyanides (total) '
0.11
0.77
0.036
0.057
0.059
0.059
0.039
'0.08
0.32
0.2
0.037
0.028
0.11
, 0.77
0.036
0.057
0.059
0.059
Oi039
0.08
0.32
2.77
0.69
DE
NRJ-071
0630-02.U]
ES-42
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewatcr
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
,; ,
..---. :.v ^i -'-^'Y. '^^-'-.'^-^ '.].-' \-^''<^^"-''^<- ' ... .
Benzene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Naphthalene
Phenol
Cyanides (total) .
0.17
0.035
0.028
0.042
1.9
0.14
0.061
0.059
0.039
DE
f v, }.. ^ - 3ฃ -l^r V Wv y- KM* (Low and High Zinc Sfcfcjiliipgi^
Cadmium - :
Chromium (total)
Lead
Nickel
1.61
032
0.51
0.44
6.69
2.77 ,
0.69
3.98
',::: -: ^V:\;::-:fe/;:^^
,,, --- - --;.?::;#- :.;:.,,;-:>-::.- - v;;....>:::V".-::,:---X::i;:.;.>,v:.v,:;:,:,.::. .... , nii9ปx^-'---:*gp$ฃ$%rf*:t;.:ฃ:\t;ฃf&f* ty. ฃ?$<$$ฃป. , %,%;.*,.-' ,".
Chromium (total)
Lead
Nickel
"= '".-'- -' ::;=4^"'-^ K0ซ9 (Cafcinm
.- ... -.- * s- :--:-.-- --.- ---" .. : . . . V.......... .. ...
Cadmium >
Lead
' 0.32
0.04
0.44
2.77
0.69
3.98
'sOtoj&ai&igKj^ '. -
1.6
0.51
0.69
0.69
:' - .^v ': ^^Milte^-" "Kซ7i^' ;^^S^^^l^^"fe
Mercury
0.030
0.15
'.: : :: :;., '- ^i;^'fe?*^';jftJ-%:Ji.^'.S.'i:i.1'ซ-:^ vS-i.'-.i-.-.V-.1 :-;-;'' ! mrn<*^ *
- < :.i\ ;'---:^^^^^Mf:M^:-:^^'\^.;:-:- 'sa^ - ' -
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Hexachloroethane
Tetrachioroethylene "
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
0.057
0.046
0.055
0.056
0.054
0.057
0.046
0.055
0.056
0.054
ES43
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
'
.
; . ; ,-,,.; . ..
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
;-A .-: (mg/E,)?';/-
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
!H (mg/L>
'' -^V-^V^^^ ... '
Aniline
Benzene
Cyclohexanone
Diphenylamine : - ,.
Diphenylnitrosamine ;
Nitrobenzene
Phenol
Nickel
0.81
0.14
0.36
0.52
0.40
0.068
0.039
0.47
0.81
0.14
0.36
0.92 (sum)
0.92 (sum),
0.068
0.039
0.55
:':~ . *'' ; ;:'"' '-:; ."" ':" /";- i "'-7 '"Sffif ^r;
Arsenic
.- . '""" ."'-:-' "'":>'\.':-;-'K: '- ^:.':iv^.jX-v-'':' -'!:":
Benzene
Chlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
m-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
Pentacnlorobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
'Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
0.79
0.14
0.057
0.088
0.036
0.090
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.013
0.014
- 0.013
0.017
0.013.
0.014
0:014
1.4
0.14
0.057
0.088
0.036
0.090
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a) .
(a)
(a)
(a)
(t)The Agency is promulgating a single universal standard for total PCBs (0.10 mg/L) in
wastewaters based on the sum of the treatment standards for the Aroclors shown above.
NRJ-071
ES-44
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(pg/D
Acetone
Acetbphenone
Butanol (n-Butyl Alcohol)
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
Cyclohexanone
o-Dichlorobenzene
Diethyl Phthalate
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl Phthalate
Di-n-octyl Phthalate
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
Methanol
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Methylene Chloride
Naphthalene
Nitrobenzene
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Xylenes (total)
Chromium (total)
Lead
Cyanides (total)
0.28
0.010
5.6
0.017
0.36
0.088
0.20
0.047
0.057
0.017
034
0.057
0.28
5.6
0.28
0.14
0.089
0.059
0.068
0.080
0.054
0.054
0.32
0,32
0.037
1.9
0.28
6.010
5.6
0.017
0.36
0.088
0.20
0.047
0.057
0.017
0.34
0.057.
0.28
5.6
0.28
0.14
0.089
0.059
0.068
0.080
0.054
0.054
032
2.77
0.69
DE
NIU-071
063CM32.MJ
ES-45
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
^
Regniated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Compositioii
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L>
-' - .''.-- - . - ' '''.-' K087 .. -;- ;/.-*V-:' .'-.,-"
Acenaphthalene
Benzene
Chrysene
Fluoranthene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Toluene
Xylenes (total)
Lead
0.059 ,
0.14
0.059
0.068
0.0055
0.059
0.059
0.08
0.32
0.037
0.059
0.14
0.059
0.068
0.0055
0.059
0.059
0.08
0.32
0.69
~. ^;!.-;:;-7^'v';i^:f; :; ' V -';.*-V' "-v^V:?'- KWSlv^
Phthalic Anhydride (as measured by
Phthalic Add) '
0.069
0.055
'.-..; .4:&'"' ''>:^^;v^^3S^''kioiM . - '"'>
Phthalic Anhydride (as measured by
Phthalic Acid)
0.069
0.055
^: ', " :". : - - - * " w&~S: ^{ ''---^i : ': -i'^ v ; :- -*. -" ;: ' :--
Hexachloroethane
Pentachloroethane
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-TetrachIoroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
0.055
0.055
0.057
0.057
0.056
0.054
0.054
0.055
0.055
0.057
0.057
0.056
0.054
0.054
NRJ-071
.0630-0X01)
ES-46
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
" " ;
m-Dichlorobenzene
Pentachloroethane
1, 1, 1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1, 1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroetbylene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Chlordane
Heptachlor
Heptachlor Eporide
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
:' .. ''...; ^::>t~'v^;:i*':f&' ''-,,,-
Toxaphene
' : jv _---.- \ .;-j.,;-::;::^-vv-:r-;:;;:,;-.:;^.: ;-;-:- .
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxiiis
Pentachlorodibenzofurans
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxiiis
:- _ -f -. -.,-.-;- .-.-'.-: .... , ^ -.
Cadmium
Chromium (total) ^
Lead
, Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mgA)
K096
0.036
0.055
0.057
0.057
0.056
0.055
0.054
0.054
K09*'-:"-"";"-. -"^r'-:
0.0033
0.0012
0.016
0.057
K09& : V^:^-
0.0095
K099 ..>: ;:-m;..-
1.0
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
o.ooi
0.001
KM& :..:;:,--"-,::-:;.v::.:....
1.6
0.32
0.51
Revised Treatment
Standard from tne
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
- 0.036
0.055
0.057
0.057
0.056
0.055
0.054
0.054 /
:. '-'''-''.'>-':.' '*''.;?? A'Z./' }
0.0033
0.0012
0.016
0.057
.-: >*;v;. -:- - --
0.0095
'
0.72
0.000063
0.000063
0,000035
0.000063
0.000063
0.000063
'-.-.'-'
0.69
2.77
0.69
NlU^Tl
063WJ2.ni]
ES-47
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
- ' -
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
o-Nitroaniline
Arsenic
CatfrtMiim
Lead
Mercury -
f- . :...,, -.-:'::->:;,::.::,. \- -;: -k..-:,^:-::., .,;>>.-:
.... -::- - :"---';v.::'lv'-'::.-V.'.-':'i..;:vv'J'.v:j: ...:'':. ::.s '!':'- .:.;-::.:. .:;:.:
.: '. ,&;(.'$::.: ' .' "-:-, ;,..:.; .:".-.- f. :.. -':., .
o-Nitrophenol
Arsenic -
CaHtriiiiTn J
Lead
Mercury
_.. ., v"-; ;:/;?;" --.;- .: ;. '.;..; v^v-fe^.-'.;
Aniline ,
Benzene
2,4-Dinitrophenol
Nitrobenzene
Phenol
..,"..ซ .'- V '.-: ;...:-.'-/::.- ,-:. ...;:;:::---: ' ...
Aniline
Benzene
2,4-Dinitrophenol L
Nitrobenzene.
Phenol
Cyanides (total)
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
;./ ' (rag/t)
Kltt^:-.^'---'^'^^.'..'.;?
0.27
0.79
0.24
0.17
0.082
0.028.
0.79
0.24
0.17
0.082
KIB^V'S^^fe
4.5
0.15
0.61
0.073
1.4
jQgfr^,.:-^..*;-- -;.v::-':;
4.5
6.15
0.61
0.073
1.4
2.7
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
: .,-; . . - ... -
0.27 . .
1.4
0.69 ,
0.69
0.15
KiSiyf^f^^':
0.028
1.4
0.69
0.69
0.15
'^^^^ff--":-^-^'' '
0.81
0.14
0.12
0.068;
0.039
":.';..'-' -,"::-1--" , -:-v' ... - - -"-..- .. ;
0.81
0.14
0.12
0.068
0.039
DE
NRJ-071
063WJ2.aq
ES-48
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
< ' '
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
:' , " "" .';..
Benzene
Chlorobenzene
2-Chlorophenol
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Phenol.
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
--,.' . -, '-' " " .. . " ... v,. ; '::".
Mercury .
;' ' ;;. '.' , "vMVw^:''
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoiuene
.... . . .- . . . ~. ; ""-""-' - -:'.'.-V,'.'"]-- /-...'.'
.. : ,-.- ... --- ..,*v '-,. .-.',- -:- '.-- -:- -.
Nickel
ซ - .-; - ' '. "'> ..- - y .-."'- ' ''".. -. ''.:-'.'.. .:. :',".: ': .- -.;
Bromomethane <
Chloroform
Ethylene dibromide
-I^sS^^vis.""'^ >:'".":"", -"-'.
Bromomethane
Chloroform
Ethylene dibromide
Bromomethane (methyl bromide)
-' *.:
Bromomethane (methyl bromide)
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
K105-.- ;-'V'"': '-.".
0.14
0.057
0.044
0.088
0.090
0.039
0.18
0.035
Kioi^;i"tS;8J:f;;
0.030
mrn^-^y^m
0.32
0.55 .
KS^^SiS^-^vi,^
0.47
KU7
0.11
0.046
0.028
K118-" -:-.-,;--": ;: :;'..
0.11
0.046
0.028
K&i&^^^&f^
^ 0.11
.
K132; " ':v'-"5? " "':
0.11
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
0.14
0.057.
0.044
0.088
0.090
0.039
0.18
,0.035
.-.';-. " .... ._. _ _ -.. .. , r-:1;';!"'-: ':' * ':
0.15
. :' .- '"' -.',''
0.32 ,
0.55
*"'' V" ' ' ''" '"'"'-,. ' . ",.* ' - "
3:98
0.11
0.046
- 0.028
...'. ' -' --
0.11
0.046
0.028
^^^: --'":
' O.ll
'...,, : ;, :..
0.11
NRJ-071
0630-02.nrj
ES-49
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Bromomethane .
Chloroform
Ethylene dibromide
i ' '
Aldiin
V' . V;?-'- -..- ' ' ' .." - ' . '''. ..'''.'I. ::-'
Arsenic
Arsenic
: - -;: ..,. -. ; '--,;; '";'.;.:., '---:". ' ;-: '-:' "
Arsenic
.' " -.,' -..'. ' '' .'"' ..''':'''-'."''.'.':'.. ;:;'.", ':''"''
Cyanides (total)
Cyanides (amenable)
., . '%' :V/" ';'::-'-;-:- . ''
2-sec-Butyl-4,6^dinitrophenol
(Dinoseb)
" ' :,:?"%.<-. *. - ' -. . ...
- ' , '*'^3iii$^^^W-.'':':^':' '
Cyanides (total)
Cyanides (amenable)
.'.:'.':" - .!"' -:'. '
Carbon disulfide
"''"" ป '"'' ' ' .
p-Chloroaniline
Previous
Wastewater /
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(rag/L)
K13ซ
0.11
0.046
0.028
PWf :-.-.. -^^;-^;
0.021
m^^y^^Z
0.79
wit y r-;- 'r;:'::
0.79
Pftll--;:- "."V;i;-:v.::: -'';.-
0.79
poia^f "^^N^i::
1.9
0.1
pa2ฎ^-;::::>:"':5-i::. -:'-^-^
0.066
P02I" :;. .:.',.. ..'. ;r:/";'
1.9
0.1
P&2 ^ '
0.014
P024- - ::---;; :jr-
0.46
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
0.11 :
6.046
0.028 . '
ri*ฃ;:. ' ;- : v': :/;:i- ';v :'"':.' =.-.'
0.021
i.;.;:';;;f;-|-;--';.: ';fe;:>--. ^
1.4
;,:,.:-.. :;^;:.,;,,; . ,,..; ..-.--..:;--,....
1.4
" ^.: ''' ' . ' ' '
1.4
>';,' '^'^V'."^:^ "" "
DE
DE
' . ';:r:::-:-:-'-'-, ;;:v::J:;'''.\,>''
0.066
... . '
: ' ---.-. : : , .:.;- ': , .... -- -'".-
DE
DE
^
3.8
>^..':\ ' '-vi;;; : .V .-.-
0.46
NRJ-071
063(W)2.nrj
ES-50
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
I
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
... '.'. .. ..";.'-, ';. IHB* .' ..,, ' '.. - :... . . .
Cyanides (total)
Cyanides (amenable)
1.9
0.1
DE
DE
' > X:::':-1;-:/:- \''~ ;.*" I- ":'"v*K~^ :-/-'s. ;\ :; -,..:... -. ,/;., . '
Cyanides (total)
Cyanides (amenable)
1.9
0.1
DE
DE
J;Kr--V^:^S^^
Arsenic
. .. .'" . . ..,;;-;./.-.,;- \ ,., ::;= .:.?:.:;..,, ;;" :.;/. v
Dieldrin .
0.79
1-4
w^^/^fer^^
0.017
0.017
' .', -;v,,::, V;;" . /-.-:;,..;,;.,..:. PWt^^;f ^:.?^:^;^^U^^:-:- "^^.-
Arsenic
0.79
1.4
:'- :"' :- ^::M^^^S^i^X P03ปi ^ ^4^ %^^-f'-^-:^'''--
Disulfbton
0.017
0.017
, -.- ;,:::^'^ftซ|^^
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
0.28
0.28
-:?' - , - -pws^x:;;;:^ ..-..
2,4-Dinitrophenol
0.12
0.12
^ !\ ' wซ& . -;- J^^'^^^'^^:;:^;:.;
Endosulfan I
Endosulfan n
Endosulfan Sulfate
i
0.023
0.029
0.029
0.023
0.029
0.029
L ,.-.- ,:.':^:. M^m^SK '-^:^:^S^i^^^" ^'
Endrin
Endrin Aldehyde
ป
m
0.0028
0.025
0.0028
0.025
NRj-on
ES-51
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
\
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Fluoride
:'- - -:~-,,..;\.,.. ' . .,,; :. ..:
Heptachlor
Heptachlor Epoxide
;|,v.-- _.._. ,.,".-';.vrk- . 'i;>^;:>w.>' r.'c., ;:\--'-'-::; v:- ',
Isodrin
:: .'..-':' . .. - , -.', ' ': : -
..- . .-..
Cyanides (total)
Cyanides (amenable)
' ' : . : ".'.'."-. ...'''",.. ' '" '.>-..;".:'-x:^-:'.:lr""'
Mercury
. ' :... . :: -5. -:'.;'. .:.-;.::-".. '.>-.-: ',- ^ ' f':
Methyl parathion
/- . - ' "' .-'"-: - -..v.,.'Vi.^;:4.^v:S'-V-::'.".;'--
Nickel
" ' ' : '" -. ; ':^3KjiK**^WJi^ ;:'-. --.
Nickel
Cyanides (total)
(Cyanides (amenable)
. ' :'-.''-, "-".' : '
p-Nitroaniline s
.- ' :-. -: ':.... . .:.' ..'.'""..; 'X'. --...;... -,
N-Nitrosodimethylamine'
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
POS$
. 35
P09C ;-.:.:.. .,::,v,;:,-\:,;;
0.0012 .
0.016
P9f/^-:^^:-^:SjQ.
0.021
p'.
0.021
r ";"" ,! '- .**' ' . " ":"" ,::- ' " :
. ."'- ""-..--'
DE
DE
- - ' .
0.15
-
0.014
4-,;;:--;;:-,.-: ;,>L.:,r, :, -
3.98
:.v' : "'" \ '-" '-' ' :'-
3.98
DE
DE
j ' '' " :''~ -. .-. --.. *
0.028
.
0.40
0630-tn.Oi}
ES-52
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
, Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
s Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
P089
Parathion
0.025
0.014
-;' '...,, ;. . ....:,,,.;,: rv..;,,/ P0*2 ^^V^/'^BS: , -,
Mercury
0.030
. ' 0.15
?,= ^-\^m^^ -ft;":.
Phorate
0.025
0.021
>.- ''.-... '"':::.-.- ':>ฅ-' ..Wi . A-^;. '",'. -. "^^.^:-'^':^^''-ntw^:^^-^v^^^^;^^^^^^^^ ".''^^J'^'-.--^
:..., ............ .-....-... ....... :.;..:.;..- ;:y;. .;.,-;.. .,, .... ,. , f\Kfl^^,,.f i---,::. .... ..;.s: .: ..., ,,:,;.;., ::.;.. j::::; ,-.:.;.. .,:.,:.i.,*.v,.:..; . . .:.;:;;:.-.-x.;V-; . -
Famphur - :: ._
0.025
0.017
:;' ; . , cฐ,-' - ''. ป
Ethyl Cyanide (Propanenitrile)
a24
0.24
-^''?:::r^^&^^B^&f^:-:': - pio3^-:/ : .-;";'"' -.-:;-'"^^'-'- "f/ :
Selenium
' * *" ". ' ' "."." .;"::": """::':" ':::"::-: "'' -"-"-;-:'!. :":":-:" '''''-.'i-.-; '::-:"' -.viv;'"" '.;''" "
' ,' '. :.;:'' ..-.-;." '_'"-: " ' , ' "
Silver
Cyanides (total) ,
Cyanides (amenable)
1.0
0.82
. ... v .- -.-: ' .:-:.:' : . *'' -: .
'. 0.29
1.9
0.10
0.43
DE
DE
063042.01]
ES-53
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
*. .
Regulated Hazardous Constituents'
Cyanides (total) . "
Cyanides (amenable)
:"'"..' .' ' ,'' .".-""./ "''::r:".-;V";'::;C:' - .:
Lead
--' . /'..' ::' "'...'.'....' /. . -vv. '"-:.-.:V;H:-:"- 0;;Y.V;i:--;-:>:.
Thallium
- .- -....- ---_- -.--':: ' ...-- -..-.-;-. ;''-;'', -*4;.^---x:V--;v>-vj--P'-,,;.:.:;:.
Vanadium
' . ....... ^"^;:;v:t^I^งs^Sv^^-^ :::'
Cyanides (total)
Cyanides (amenable)
'. .:'-'.-;<3i.^...;ป::?;.'.;:.;yJ'-:l;.. -'I.. :-.: -,:---.,: ' . :..
' ".:.:"...'.".'..'."- .V.' V" . ' '."-:'.'-- '-:'.. " .
Toxaphene
' " ' V':\ '.'.. ... ^\'f^
Acetone
''" ' '" ' >''' ' "',.,;"""''
Acetonitrile
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
/ Total Composition
(m&fL\
VU*B/*^A
Plปซ
1.9
0.10
nMN^-^^:^Vr-
0.040
Wl^^r^^^'^^f-
0.14
Pl^-'-'^:]-^^:';'"^-'^
' .-.-:-' - '
1.0
^&-:^sง&
0.14
.. ;.: . ..- ...- -.-.-
Pllf ;:-;,:-.., :.,;:,NV-:-;;-:.::,-.
,28
P12t/:: ^^^ :>.;
28
mir-"v:;;M::B4; .;%;
1.9
0.10
pj-*.,;.: ...;.;;.;,,, : .. ,
mmnf ^ . . . _
0,0095
Wซป;:^ ^;-:::?:^:v^.>:,;,:
0.28
U003-" .: ;f.'."- /;:'";
0.17
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
x***8f *fr
-: '
DE
DE
S-.v^i"v:Vi"'!: ;;.,,;.-'
0.69
ฃ ,?*_ ::::, r-.:f-;' . ''T^:^ I ^
1.4
:-;f;:^v:;:^ :-;''- .:-.v:^7^;:--;t
-..- .. .-. - -..-
0.82
.S;V?H.::r:.^ I;'.:;." ' .--; '";-.:-.
1.4
i- .
:. :'.. ' ',' }-^:-y\ :'-
4.3
:: :-.vV;.-'::-:.-;. :;,, '.':'''':'. -.... -
4.3
;,:;:C'}4;,-;-:v-;^:.^ ;^----: '!:-,.
DE
DE
0.0095
; ; -'"': -\ -V-.!-..;... .. .":-
0.28
f. '"' ';'' " ' ;"'.',.';<"
5.6
NRJ-071
ES-54
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
. Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(rag/L)
U004 -: /. / :' - ;
Acetophenone
0.010
0.010
;< .r,'v'-. .-,:,'". .,':,.:- ^-' r----mK:"^':^*-^-^:.^^::' *:
2-Acetylaminofluorene
0.059,
0.059
L. ' :.:' . ^- -:-::^:>--^
Acrylonitrile .
0.24
0.24
r \, ., ;, .,,;:;:- . -^^..,^.^-:-.
Aniline
0.81
0.81
y,,,-,,... ^-^v.:,,;^;:^ .
Benz(a)anthracene
0.059
, 0.059
; ;;-;::- ..,,..;,:.y;;;::^,-.r-;,.-/-,;. 1^^;^^^^^^^^^;:^^- . -
Benzene
0.14
0.14
> . - ' -, ;/;. ^^;=^^-.^;^^;i; 'im&^S^!Q^^
Benzo(a)pyrene " .
0.061
0.061
: -' . :. , vf - :,. ^^tfe ; j^:, u*M^^:^fe^ . ^=#pfe ^eiii'1^ : "; '
bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane
0.036
0.036
", ^^;-;;---|||||||^
bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether
0.033
, 0.033
- - . ' ""' ' ; ;.-. ; ':: .' . ^m^.^:i^^j^^^h^"O . .
bis(2-Chloroisopropyi)ether
0.055
0.055
, :, ; : ;..,.,,... ,., .. wnฎ
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ,
0.28
0.28
NRJ-071
0630-02.01]
ES-55
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
-.
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Bromomethane (Methyl
Bromide) -
.....--
. ' " ' .''''-.-.' '\" " . : '
4-Bromophenyl Phenyl Ether
:: "- , ; :;> .. .. ,ฃ. .. , ;, ..:,, ::.:*>; .: ^ ; ^;^ ::<, :
n-Butyl Alcohol
k. .. ; ',_ .. .... : . --,- .;.;... ,,-';..; :.:...: ' .
Chromium (total)
I- ' ....:" .- ;'.--. -: ;--vv..iซ--'\U^v?iV---;.;.;---v.-.7: .'."--'
Chlordane (alpha and gamma)
:.- '. . ' ..;, .. ...... .;.-^-'-.'-.-:i,.:..:. -..-,..,.
Chlorobenzene
> '. . ; '- . .:y.;.v :':.:-- ..:-. .... ..
.. :. -.... ' .-::-,.. .--.,:...::..;;:.-.:,.,,, ...:.'::,:-, - _.
Chlorobenzilate
, -, . ' ", ~ ', .,-.:,". ."',"- - , , ' - , , . " '
p-Chloro-m-cresol
'.. . ' " -^M^^^.-^:,-'. ' ' -...-
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
'-.: ;.. ' - .'' ':AV'::.:,::.-::-;:..v \^^ ...'..-. :. '
Vinyl Chloride
, - '"-1 -. ' " ./: :"----"--;v; - -
-.' _. .,-.- ..-*:.
Chloroform . "
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
U02*
0.11
U030 " --' .,,'..:' :
0.055
oซ^;-*?!H^ฃ^
5.6
wg*^1'"-^^^^-^
OJ2
maป^;S;;^^ ;'fi-
0.0033
WST !ซ;.=.-:- -,^..-..
0.057
':." ,-...:.-' "i-.:, - . -;-
U(Ho . .-:v:, ;>: " -
0.10
- : "' ~ "..-- .' - . '
JT4fc^jAj,h-'; -" ,-1 ';' - ' - - . - - v" '-'--- ; ;.' -. - - '';' -.
0.018
IHM2- .-:- :..-.-::-
0.057.
UMJ^V-:.;;'.:--,.:':,.^.;..- :
0.27
TTA44-- "'"'" ''-- '":-t---
IJ'M4' " - - . .-: ... ,:
0.046
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
0.11
0.055
:^i:-:J:::"-^:v"v-." "-^%- :J:; .".?.
5.6
;:;::v;'>-:^:-';-:--:' , ^SS' \
2.77
^ri^-^^^ -
0.0033
... ., ,.,:.: ..: ' .; . .....
0.057
. .. -- .-.-..
..... ,. ..-- ;.- : ... :..- .
0.10
0.018
. .- " : "
0.062
* '
0.27
::...J-.,:;::.::?:.;;:..'; :..,;,.,.; ' "
........ .... .. ..... ..
0.046
NRJ-071
Q630-Q2.0I)
ES-56
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
(.
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(rag/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L>
' ".' '' "'' '' ".'.; . U045 :' .- - . ;.. - .'
Chloromethane (Methyl Chloride)
0.19
0.19
-,' ' . ..'>"' %;..>.. - r -^.;. ;;^~tJW*i..^^ ?-."V -' -
2-Chloronaphthalene
0.055
0.055 .
: ' ' '\-k^''-'(-^f.^
2-Chlorophenol
0.044
0.044
1 : '' " . -c\ " ; :- *:y-: }^$g&sTin^^ -^ ''j^^^Mg^k^. ^^&%
Chrysene ,
0.059
0.059
'.. : :::-:-::,. ' .' -' ' . =. ' :.:::-.; ; -' .;v .:.''''' ..':..- .' :'::, >>:--: X:..;. ...:-.:X.'V^-: :.-,...,...,;. "'- :?...., .--.:.:: :' ' , - '
. .. V'. '""" ' ':'".-' ;:--"<: vix I---:-:." WIAilf-''"'--': .''"' -"> -p: '.:.'^'.-v^;- .-"";:.::"."::- .:^.V.-. 'XV' "--.- ""..
: -.-. ,:-::- :; ;.:---.:.:-:..:. ?.f:-;V": :;.;.'..-; tlU^*:'-::':-::^ -5 :.:: .::-;-,-- '.2&^-'^:J.v-ฃS:\-.*--y."'.y"i^\-.'':":,'-.>-.tr'?. ;.,-:"
Naphthalene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
Toluene
Xylenes (total)
Lead
0.031
0.18
0.031
0.028
0.028
0.032
0.037
0.059
0.089
0.059
0.067
0.080
032
0.69
; ' ' ' "' ;: --. -- ^-*^;^''-'^:^-':^ :'-,'. " '
Cresol (m- and p- isomers)
o-Cresol .
0.77
0.11
0.77
0.11
- ''^^::WSs^:.:i-:'^^^:^:<&--^':-~'.' ''.-' TTAซ
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
X
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
'"-''"
o,p'-DDD
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDE
o,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDT
.- ' "--..--. "-.. - - \v.,.- ' "'-,-: "-- -:-.:.'-.:':':'.V ':'. ....
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
~ .' -:'^:- - ...' ':- :\^ *%ฃ- -
l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
.,;:-' "'"'' ' '
1,2-Dibromoethane
(Ethylene Dibromide)
".""." - - . '-." .-. --. .- -- ---, : .
: .-..' " -;/. ' ' -;-.- -/ ->:. -. ^ :?:;:: :'^-
/
Dibromomethane
:....;';,"::.;: <': ': '-'
Di-n-butyl phthalate
;' /"'A^^vRak^^^V-/.-"^""-'1':^':-. -'-. :-"
. < / ." :-^'K^:::::^;.^:::;:^-&-'^-: ''ซ*; :'." f.
o-Dichlorobenzene
.'v :;;;;%:.: :'"/>.--:'- ]ฃ';:.^-$.tfi ,,, S'^ ' '*
m-Dichlorobenzene
" :- ':=.:": " '-: -- . .,.">'' ' ". '
p-Dichlorobenzene
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
total Composition
(nig/D
U06it-v:;: '-,'. - : "
0.023
0.023
0.031
0.031
0.0039
0.0039
l^W^t:' y^Kv.-
0.055
t^^V;:l:S:--::;:;f:;'-----?:!
0.11
\mw ; -
0.028
U(Mป -:... ..;;:.L;:;-. .--;;:
0.11
1W#^^- -:'i7;-:^
0.057
UOM^^^:/-;: '-: '
0.088
IJOTfiv:,: ,;.,.:.;:. ฑv".;:-; :.;.;:
0.036
U072 T ,-, ''
0.090
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
0.023
0.023
0.031
0.031
0.0039
0.0039
;.;.\ . '.- '"^ - -:'.?_>:;;: . .
0.055
;V^:!:F:,.:,. =^^:.-i,
- 0.11
- .. " " ,v -:.;.;:;
0.028
',:'--
0.11
T;;'-^--''"''- ' " '"."
0.057
"'.'. -:;.-.. v"
0.088
":.-'..;-/ .-o':- ... ' - .
0.036
'- ' ..' ' ... .. .,:-'.
0.090
NRJ-071
0630-02. nij
ES-58
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L>
. ,' ' -. - '-, " '.. -. a ':..; ,;.. - ' ' Uff7ง . '.. .;'.,, :.i . ; : %.:"; : ~: .; ,, -.'.''.'_
Dichlorodifluoromethane
0.23
0.23
t . ,' "' '..."' v--.^, ; :' <*, ^^^ ~i^^?i;^'&^ ^', --
1,1-Dichloroethane
0.059
0.059
ง"":-f::v' ^ ?^'-'^-^^:**^
1,2-Dichloroethane
0.21
0.21
UOW , ;.
1, 1-Dichloroethylene
0.025
0.025
r:v" .. .. INT* ' -
trans- 1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.054
0.054
. v -\-..^, :;:-,.-:; ..^/:-:-!'K -i UdSO ' ' .
Methylene Chloride
0.089
0.089
I'^-^^-r^m^
2,4-Dichlorophenol
0.044
0.044
:> ^'~: "" - '''"'. \:^'^S^^^^^l39!il
2,6-Dichlorophenol
0.044
0.044
; ' :. /^g|||||||ซ^
1,2-Dichloropropane
0.85 ^
0.85
:" ' ;'-'^.;:::'^^^^:/^.//; |j(ป| * . '"':' '
i
cis-13-Dichloropropylene
trans- 1,3-Dichloropropylene
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036
;':- ;;-:J;- v.v^\:-s;'::r^^.:^7^i^.- irow
Diethyl phthalate
0.20 "
0.20
NRJ-071
ES-59
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
U093
p-Dimethyiaminoazobenzene
0.13
0.13
-.." .. .; CHtt ' .'-; ; ">.-...
2,4-Dimethylphenol
0.036
0.036
.- ";':; v "- " , mm ; ;;'- :;;- ;'^: ' -'.' .
Dimethyl phthalate.
0.047
0.047
:. . . ..- ... - ,../. :--::. ,.--:. u^ftST-- '-':-. --: .^m^m$,\.- ' % ;.H
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
0.32
0.32
:> ^ -_ _-.,:--- -. _ IJM^IV ;::,. A: ^-^vซ--:^':, -:
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
0.55
0.55
.. .;-..-. uiir-.. '.._ .;.. . ; J .v.
Di-n-pctyl phthalate
0.017
0.017
: .'-." \- -.-T?-:^'*?'-^'; UMปr:':- . .<>. "' ^r-.'. /.- -v-% .
1,4-Dioxane
0.12
NR
;^^^.,- .A.:- V|j^^::..:v/;--\.4>^,^^\\ :-v.^
Di-n-propybaitrosamine
0.40
0.40
; . _ ;^:^;;;..;-;'r -, ,^:-^' ' .. : ;.: . . uuz^ . .. _ ;: ;. ' . ,:.; - '. :'^. - vv- - .
Ethyl Acetate
0.34
0.34
- '-:.;; ''./' "." .':- .- Ull^.; '-.".-_. S;-; ;.---;; ^ : .'"-. '/"
Ethyl Ether
0..12
0.12
. '' - " :. . "::" '-' mis*-- , "^v/'-;^^'^^; ,."'
Ethyl Methacrylate ' .
0.14
0.14
NRJ-071
0630-02-nij
ES-60
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
1 f
Regulated Hazardous Constituent
_ . '" '' -'.,'.-' "': "" . '- ' ''" .'"'
Fluoranthene .
.,.;'. ':.,.-''= :.:'.::. ;'; ]:,:.; :' "^."H^.'^.:'^'!"/.::' '''"V
Trichloromonofluoromethane
:'.''. '''':"'. " "'.">>' V '";;' -'r: "-'-. ' 'i^"' :': '.,.. > :.".:
Hexachlorobenzene .
|?v:^!:;M::r^5^iPH!;K
Hexachlorobutadiene
^'X;- -''- ":v?-r;^
aipha-BHC
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
gamma-BHC (L-indane)
O 'x /
5--^3^^@^ฎ^^^^ฎi^
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
* - ' ^ %-:<.; '' ?> ": ;f -;":::.:'| P^^^f^^'V'1'^
Hexachloroethane
" ' " ;>''r%^|^^A^^^|i^0^-:;.-''
Fluoride
i:;'!'...-::v" >^^^:^^^v^?^Mi?^:^;^;'<^-'v''
Arsenic
> -Ij^-x :|:.:.:;p;;.p;.,:.:.;.:;;.::|:pฃ';\:;;:/i ' " ;
Indeno(l,2,3-c,d)pyrene
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/li)
U120
0.068
U121e-...: * .'U^-fevf
0.020
ui2^:v--';::-'--^;;^-yBi
0.055
IFI^^)|^|^|^
0.055
Uni^lS^^^
0.00014
0.00014
0.023
0.0017
fe^r^^^^^i-
0.057
fN^te^iiis
0.055
OT34^-:-v^'^'^
35
uiai:^"^^'-^5'
0.79
U137
0.0055
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
~ Total Composition
(mg/L)
0.068
0.020
;:>:-^:;5:^i;'i;C.;:;:w ..v-^^ 4;=.:-. :'
0.055
/^iVj^Si; ~-V?iiv :':: ' V. : "S'& $5 ! = :g- ' !;?}
0.055
^S^^^^;;:-.-
0.00014
0.00014
0.023 '
0.0017
'"'
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
/
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
lodomethane
\ ' ,
Isobutyl Alcohol ,
Isosafrole
':' ' : ' -''"' ''r..'- '''V :.'/', ,: -
Kepone
:.. " ' ;. . -,. ' \J'-,: :'' ;.;p;. ... .. -.y; : \:.-:
Lead . *
Lead
_' . . ' '...' "":.:-. y^'-V V: V ' '': .'.''
Lead
: ' , '-..; - ': '. . .':'.:":::' - . ."
Mercury
: , l ' ,' "r-':<:-*<&&'':'y:;::::"-:'-:-y:;:--v--"-1' ' :, -.-:-"-'" '' :"- -
Methacrylonitrile
; ; Tm-^-:.-, .:::,,,^:-- -i-f-V' ' . '...:. ' '
Methanol -
:,'.. ' - ;.. -'.., .. . ',
Methapyrilene , '
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(rag/t)
U138 :
0.19
CM^,^V--V^.;';^;-
5.6
BM^'f '^-^vlgg;
0.081
W&-*^.--:*&^.
0.0011
muฃ"-: ,^-p. ":^L:.-;. ,-v.::.;-;.;; ' :'-:;-.;;:-;- >. ;'
0.0011
.-:- W.: ..Vv:^--f; :-v-':!.:-.:-.
0.69
.. -.,-; - ^ . -,
0.69
.;'-'-'''' - ' . -./ '' ."-- -:. ซ .
0.69
^V^tr^.;:^.;'.
0.15
A .. --..-- .;-:.;;, ,. '.'"' "- '
-: ".'..-'' - -:.'- - "
0.24
' ,!.'.i-.'S::^;v;-' ;;.;"-:" '" j.
5.6
: ;';-!;;::;:::' :,- ;';";-' '
0.081
NRJ-OTt
ES-62
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
'...
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
'"."-... '.'_ ' - ^^-k^'
4,4'-Methylene-bis-
(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
*
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Naphthalene
2-Naphthylamine
..-..-- .'.' . .. .:::::? . . - -.....-: ......:.............-.:-.-......-.:.
;.- ^ ^,':s:;: '>. ^..'^^xnw*r;:;<-'+-!^ซ^:Z.~::v^l::r'---~--.'-<
"'' -'-'.'''''.'.': C ''''.* .^\ --'' . '''1::.::v-:-.":^V:;:'y::;-:";:":::-V::! :V-
Nitrobenzene
j. ' - -
. -. ...::;:ซ;y:;:.:r::::..:i'.-:";.:..,---:v:>o.:.r>-::::::--:':::,.-.--;----- " .-..
4-Nitrophenol
. . -: '.-...' . . ...:.'. - \":. -.,.-.- .-'-."';; '.:.%::;;:;::::..::;;..:,.:.;.. -.'.'f. -.. :
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
...... VS :-::.:SvLj;.:::..-x:: ,/>.::::.:.::.:.:;:;::::-:.;:i:::--.v..i;.;.:::^-:.J.; . ',..;,. ,.,-. ;' ^ ';.
Zy ^ -.;.:'-.-' ---.-..:-;-.;-..>;::... "v ;V. ;-.-:.'-S-:--..;...;':.....:':^.':"-::' .-.'.. >:..- :' .:
fcv::::::;5' :.:--v -\- .'TO-.w.; .-i-- : ,ซ-, .,"? .^<^w^s-.-r:;i;-ฅ.w^?:;v ;;' - < -
ป
NrNitrosodiethyiainine
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
:-. -;:; (mg/L)
U157J1:'. ':,.-,;:i\T:;::;:.:,|;:;%;
' 0.0055
ijisi^I^IS^^^
0.50
U1S9
\0.28
UW1
0.14
ปia
0.14
UI65
0.059
U16ป
0.52
..' .-.-.. '. "... .:.-.-:-.:.-..:." ':?:"":.: .
vm^^:[-:
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
N-Nitrosopiperidine .
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
- - .
5-Nitro-o-tpluidine
- .-.'. .- ':''' -' : ' v'.v -" - .:' '' ;>:"-. A....:::":. ....... .:;:;:';
"-'" * "" " .- " : ''':. ' - '- ......: /.-.."..I -..r-'-:-'1'''-.. .-.'.'. -vM-iVV:':-.:- '.''" v ,::----
Pentachlorobenzene
: . - "'v-;-;;;'^:-v:- - -^;;:0;^' SU i":-^-U:.
Pentachloronitrobenzene
. -, '.' .. - .'"''V-S.^i^-^-'^^'^:
Phenacetin
' - . ""' . .- --;:.- -.:- ---v v ; -:.- ."!:'.-'..":. '" '''
Phenoi
;- '...... .v-^-fei-A-^JLC^Ii'-v.''. ''
Phthalic anhydride
'."!"!"'' '': '..'''"' ' '''-'-.' *.-. -''-" --:- -'- ''
Pronamide
,:
Pyridine
'':'.-. '. ' " ',., ..-..,'.-..,.. .'': ..':-:V:?.;X:.-*-.. .:*ฃฃ ,ฃ -, ~ ,..'.
Safrole '*'.'.
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
V179? . :"'... -': >.';.
0.013
w&>'Y"'^*-%:&.
. 0.013
UliR|^.;^C a-- ..:'.' ':S:,.:r. >:;.:?
0.32
\^m^-^m&
0.055
Bl^-V/'V^ftv^S-^
0.055
Uiป7
0.081
BM^r^^^^ ^''^:-
0.039
itt9^U^^^=^
. 0.069
um^n,:; ; ;",-.;-:
0.093
UIJ^UV/v. .^K --;
0.014
U203
0.081 -
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
:'' ' . .
0.013
.: , j :;. . .; .
0.013
.....' ': .'. : ,. ' - -. "" ' . .";'" , ;' ".., ''
6.32
W$^^--i-;^^:f:i
0.055
-- /(;.^%;^;^,-; '-=- -c
0.055
.
0.081
0.039
''^^:;^^^--.
0.055
'...>-" A. ,'., .:T:.?.:-: ;* -
0.093
''-. '. .- . - . . ._ - ^
0.014
t
0.081
0630-02-nrj
ES-64
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
V-
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Selenium
L./ ':i-: *'v:> ^'^i. "^'"iy .,': : \-:&^-'^^.
' j
Selenium
?:?>H!V::;y::^
1,2,4^-Tetrachiorobenzene
v
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
;; v ." :::.; :-;.- J-K.,, i .:."- ';.:yrfr*&f;S:ฃฃ ; ?f. ::.:'- :; v|i* ::';' :': -:'' ;.^ ;.'; '
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene .
' '. '. W.V/. ::::.:.. ..A.;S.-V.:ife/;.,,^:x^V::>-^^.:-*:-^f
;..' v ;- ^: v ''" :'";:'-;; v-W- " -= ^^vf lift l:!;:;^-;:v::::-:r:C- '
Carbon Tetrachloride
"..- ': . T- "' "'.-: '"''' .l:^^:K:fV:?:;!';:f?::;r::'\;lv;:f?":::v^V:;-5r^:'. ''
Thallium
: . ? " . ...^::.w^M^S^^g;#*sg'i Si^iSi^iSS^sS^?'-:-:-:::-'';^ .?:: '
,' -^^-^^^^|^^^W -
Thal1"im
-'-;,.-; ;-^^^^^S^^^^r :;: - :: :
w: '..-: ,-;:-..., *.-.-. --- .' ; ;: :;--- ^ ; ;.:; :.; . ;.;-; ; . ;: : ... , : .- ^ -s. .;. ..:.!. . ... .
Thallium
V; ;-.- ... ; ;; r, ;; / 'v;:;^ .v; ^'^^^^^^^^ -''' '
Thallium . .
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
r Total CompositioD
;; :' . (irig/E>:*-"^S:'
in^.--:---'^f."'''yJ:
1.0
IQW^v^lf^l^
1.0
^^^Sii^^iiM
0.055
U208
0.057
tja^SiSSS^JMi
0.057
Wfo^^^M::^:
0.056
la^SS^^tS
0.057
iHB^ffefeSS^
0.14
b^^^^
0.14
inli^^llfS^Si
0.14
ra^.-j^5^^^
0.14
Revised Treatment
Standard from toe
; Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
i^vr-:-.^-^V.v.-;- :
^^.V^f*5-^.^^-'^^-'-1 '"
0.057
^;!ซll^li:';.-^"J'^f^''y--
0.056
^l^P^S^^'^.^i5^^'
0.057
lips^^^p-
1.4
it*^g^i^';
1.4
'' -IA
IA '
NRJ-071
0630-02.nrj
ES-65
-------
Table ES-3
(Continued)
Regulated Hazardous Constituents
Previous
Wastewater
Treatment Standard
Total Composition
(mg/L)
Revised Treatment
Standard from the
Application of
Universal Standards
Total Composition
(mg/L)
' . ' ' . ; -' U22* ; : . ' ' :'7\
Toluene . . _
0.080
0.080
:-,.' '. - ;... I322S - i ' . ": '
Bromoform
(Tribromoethane)
0.63
0:63
p;.r . . -f:.. - '. ^.:--:.,.,V-^^ ;
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
0.054
0.054
l^..^,,.,.,^ y^i
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
0.054
0.054
j . -.-- . ;-: - ^ - ;-:-::,;>; ;- ^ijaBr^ ': " ;.;-^- -;;::"'.' "-v-..-1 .-:;-^- .
Trichloroethylene ;
0.054
0.054
; , ; --.:;., -^'^;v';ia35r:::\ . ':;;. ^.v\>< - --.-^ .-,' ^ ;
tris-(2,3-Dibromopropyl) phosphate
0.025
0.11
.'.'.'. "-.''". " " .:.' ".-.- : '- -_ ''\t'~.-.-'--i '-| '-'.: -,:"."-- ".>:".. "": :-- If T*^f*Mfc" "''" '"" "'"" '" *'*''" ' .'.': .: ;""-.-" -:' -i" "'''- ;-. "-.:-" !" "."'."".'
. "'-.- ' - ; ".:- - ". . : . .".-.t - -:: "- '" - -' .' " ^l^jjK- :.*--*' " ._"-:"-;" ..-.-""-, .:.." " .. ' , - '."..: ' ' "!:->
Xylenes (total)
0.32
0.32
? ' :':" - . :;.-;:/ ---'^^i^fe-'i B^v""i^:r^..vvv<-y<-::: ,=;' .;= ':-;-.--
2,4-Dichiorophenoxvacetic
Acid (2,4-D)
0.72
0.72
sv- ' , ' ...;U24* ;-. ,;-;:,,.:;,.,,, ',.--w:-:-;--.,,.-^--- ';
Hexachloropropene
0.035
0.035
/'"""U^,. .'.. ; 7*->V:;::;: ^i U247;v' -.; , '. IV1", ' :,r, ".-'." : v;' ;';;"
Methoxychlor
0.25
0.25
DE = Discussed elsewhere
NRJ-071
ES-66
-------
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or the Agency)
. *.
is establishing Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) universal treatment
standards for listed hazardous wastes identified in Title.40, Cede of Federal Regulations.
Section 261.31 (40 CFR 261.31). These BDAT treatment standards are being established
in accordance with the amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) of 1976, enacted by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of
November 8, 1984.
A universal treatment standard (i.e., universal standard) is a single
treatment standard established for a specific constituent independent of the waste matrix.
These universal standards replace most of the previous BDAT treatment standards for
constituents regulated in waste codes listed under the RCRA Land Disposal Restrictions
Program (as discussed in Section 2.0). In addition, these universal standards may be
used in the future to promulgate treatment standards for the constituents of concern in
newly listed hazardous wastes.
, \
This background document provides the Agency's rationale and technical
- - /
support for developing the universal treatment standards for constituents in wastewater
forms of listed hazardous wastes. This document also provides the Agency's application
of universal standards and the general provisions of incorporating these standards into
previously promulgated listed hazardous wastes, and wastes that may be listed as
hazardous at a future date. '<-'.,.
The Agency's legal authority and promulgated methodology, for establishing
treatment standards and the petition process necessary for requesting a variance from the
t '
treatment standards are summarized in EPA's Final Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BDAT) Background Document for Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Procedures and Methodology (Methodology Background Document) (3). Section 1.1 of
NRJ-071
063Wll.nrj
1-1
-------
this document provides a discussion of the regulatory background for universal standards.
Section 1.2 of this document presents a brief explanation of universal-1 standards and their
application; a more in-depth discussion is included in Section 2.2 of this document.
Section 1.3 presents a brief summary-qf the content of this document.
1.1
Resulatorv Background
: ' Section 3004(m) of RCRA, as amended by HSWA requires the Agency to
(
promulgate treatment standards restricting the land disposal of hazardous wastes based
on the application of "BDAT'for treatment of those wastes. HSWA sets a strict and
detailed schedule for establishing treatment standards, based on priorities related to the
volume of waste, generated and intrinsic hazards of different types of wastes.
In response to these requirements, the Agency promulgated six regulations
X
corresponding to six different groups of wastes. The six groups and the respective dates
for promulgation of treatment standards for these groups are listed below:
Solvent and dioxin wastes
"California List" wastes ,
"First Third" wastes
"Second Third" wastes
"Third Third" wastes
"Phase I" wastes
November?, 1986
July 8, 1987.
August 8, 1988
June 8, 1989
May 8, 1990
November 16, 1992
Generally, treatment standards are specified for both the wastewater and
/ ,
nonwastewater forms of each listed hazardous waste. These standards are applicable to
the listed wastes as well as to any wastes generated by the management or treatment of
the listed wastes. For the purpose of determining the applicability of treatment
standards, wastewaters are defined as wastes containing less than 1% (weight basis) total
NRJ-071
0630-01.nij
1-2
-------
suspended solids2 and less than 1% (weight basis) total organic carbon (TOC). Wastes
not meeting the wastewater definition must comply with treatment standards for
nonwastewaters. . .
Under the existing promulgated rules, faculties that land dispose organic-
and metal-containing wastes today must typically comply with individual treatment
standards for a specific waste; in some instances, these treatment standards impose
different concentration limits for the same constituent in different wastes. Section
1 - j>
2002(b) of RCRA authorizes the Administrator to revise, if necessary, at least every
three years, eacn-regulationTpiuiiiulgaled umlerttSWA. Section 3004(m)(l) of RCRA
likewise directs EPA to revise existing treatment standards as appropriate. As a result of
this authority and the desire for a simplified regulatory framework, EPA is establishing
regulations that would revise .treatment standards and/or reduce administrative
requirements. .
~-.\
> ' -~ ,
The Agency is establishing universal standards for organic and-metal
constituents: one set of treatment standards for wastewater forms of listed hazardous
\ f *"
wastes and one set of treatment standards for nonwastewater forms of listed hazardous
wastes. The Agency's rationale and technical support for establishing universal treatment
standards for cyanide is provided in a separate document
EPA published an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) for
universal standards and solicited comment on the advantages and disadvantages of the
establishment of universal standards in the May 30, 1991 Federal Register (56 FR
24444). Commenters to the May 30, 1991 ANPRM generally supported the concept of .
the establishment of a universal set of BOAT treatment standards. The commenters
2The term "total suspended solids" (TSS) clarifies EPA's previously used terminology of "total solids* and
"filterable solids." Specifically, total suspended solids are measured by Method 209X1 (total suspended solids
dried at 103 to 105?C) in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (1). .
NRJ-071
1-3
-------
agreed that universal standards could substantially simplify compliance and monitoring
efforts, which were characterized as "complex and confusing." .,
1.2 Description of Universal Standards ' ' .
A universal standard is a single treatment standard value for a specific
constituent; a constituent has the same treatment standard in each and every waste code
in which it is regulated. The Agency is establishing two. different sets of universal
standards: one for nonwastewater forms of wastes and another for wastewater forms of
\ ' . -
wastes. These two sets of treatment standards differ in the population of regulated
constituents and the concentration values of the individual universal standards. These
standards replace virtually all of the previously promulgated treatment standards for
listed hazardous wastes and will be used as the treatment standards for listed hazardous
wastes in the future.
> ' ' ,
Under universal standards, enforcement and compliance monitoring are
simplified. Under 'the existing individual concentration-based treatment standards, the
,_ i .
applicable standards vary between different wastes, however, under universal standards,
the applicable concentrations (i.e., standards) are limited to those found in universal
standards. Therefore, regulatory efforts are simplified since a regulated constituent will
.have the same treatment standard regardless of the waste code in which it is regulated.
This approach is consistent with the fact that many wastes that are treatable by similar
technologies are often appropriately commingled prior to treatment. The establishment
of universal standards is not intended to modify current restrictions on the commingling
of incompatible wastes, impermissible switching of treatability groups, or impermissible
dilution.
NRJ-071 .
0630-Ol.aij , 14
-------
1.3 Contents of This Document.
-;
This background document provides the Agency's rationale and technical
support for identifying constituents for regulation and for developing the universal
standards for wastewater forms of listed hazardous wastes. The universal standards for
wastewater forms of listed hazardous wastes are equal to the treatment standards for
wastewater forms of F039 wastes, with a few exceptions. Universal standards for ;
nonwastewater forms of listed hazardous wastes were determined utilizing BOAT
treatment performance data from the First, Second, and. Third Thirds and Phase I
nilemaking-efforts. TheiAgeney'-s-rationale-andHซhnical-suppoit-for-establishing
universal standards for nonwastewater forms of wastes is provided in EPA's Final Best
Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background Document for Universal j
Standards. Volume A: Universal Standards for Nonwastewater Forms of Listed
Hazardous Wastes (2).
i , . ...
Section 2.0 presents a description of universal standards and how they will
apply to previously promulgated listed hazardous wastes and wastes that may be listed as
hazardous in the future. Additionally, this section includes an explanation of waste codes
' ' - * ' '
excluded from consideration under universal standards and the advantages of
implementing a system of universal standards. Section 3.0 discusses the Agency's
rationale for selecting constituents for. regulation. The constituents selected for
regulation in universal standards were determined by an evaluation of the BDAT List
constituents that the Agency believes may be accurately quantified in wastewater
matrices and may appear as a constituent of concern in a listed waste to which universal
standards are applicable. Section 4.0 discusses the treatment technologies that are
applicable and demonstrated for treatment of constituents in wastewater forms of listed
hazardous wastes. This section also .presents EPA's rationale for identifying BDAT for
.the constituents selected for regulation. Section 5.0 presents the wastewater treatment
performance database the Agency used to determine BDAT and to develop treatment
standards for the constituents selected for regulation in universal standards wastewaters.
1 \. . _ '
NRf-071 . .
0630-Ol.nij 1-5 .
-------
Section 6.0 presents the universal treatment standards for the organic, metal, and
inorganic constituents selected for regulation in wastewater forms of wastes. Sections 7.0
and 8.0 present acknowledgments and references; respectively.
Tables 1-1 and 1-2 are cross-reference guides to this document, and list
page numbers in this document, for organic and metal constituents, respectively, for
discussions on selection of constituents for regulation, selection of BOAT, treatment
performance data, and calculation of universal standards for each constituent. All tables
and figures are located at the end of each section, except for Section 5.0. References
used in preparation of this Background Document are cited throughout this document
f
within parentheses (e.g., (1)).
NRJ-071
0630-Otmj
1-6
-------
JUL.24 '95 07:35 RftDIAN CORP MCLEflN'Vfi
P.02
Table 1-1
Cross-Reference Guide for Organic Constituents
...v v * >i\ *.' ? y
: ' "^ s~fYsl --" r * >f *
1 <ป ซ4 *^f>&^ *,_ , <* 1 < > 'N * > >J -i r i
Acenaphttialene
A cennnhthenc
Acetone :
Acetoaitrile
Acetophenone
2-Acet7iamincfluorene
Acrolein
Acrylaffiide %
Acrylooitrile
AMtia :
4-Aminobiphenyi
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzfetanthraceae
"\ /
Benzal Chloride
Benzene
Beazo(b)flaorftnthene
Benzo(k)fluorantliene
Bcnzo(ghi)perylene
Benzo(a)pyreae
alpha-BHC ' .
beta-BHC
dtha-BHC
Selection
( (pagซ * '
3-10
3-10
3-7
3-7
3-10
3-10
3-7
3-10
3-7
3-15
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-7
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-15
3-15
3-15
Selection
ofBDAT
(page
nwnber)
5-169
5-m
5-23
5-25
5-174
5-176
'. 5-27
5-29
5-31
5-357
5-177
5-179
5-181
5-183
5-185
5-184
5-33
5-187
5-189
5-192
5-194
5-359
5-361
5-363
treatment ;:
pate^age
omnbere)
5-169,5-170
5-171, 5-173
5-23,5-24
5-25, 5-26
5-174, 5-175
5-176, 5-186
5-27,5-28
5-29,5-30
5-31,5-32
5-357, 5-358
5-177,5-178
5-179, 5-180
5-181, 5-182
5-183, 5-113
5-185, 5-186
5-184, 5-53
5-33, 5-35
5-187, 5-188
5-189,5-191
5-192, 5-193
5-194, 5-196
5-359, 5-360
5-361, 5-362
5-363, 5-364
Calculation
ofUnlwrttl
Standard
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-7
' 6-7
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-8
6-8
6-8
6-8
6-8
6-8
6-8
6-8
6-8
6-8
NRJ-071
1-7
-------
ILL.24 '95 07:3? RffDIflN CORP MCLEftN'Vfl
P. 03
Table 1-1
(Continued)
"/?'ฃ <>.' ","*'.' ,1 ซ r<
;2^;f :l ;;;S\ .?*:*
^ , 4^ ,V *>' ? .^ ! |
"%tฃ^K \ IpWWgStlSWt' >, ซ ' ;
gamma<-BHC (Lindane)
BromodicUorometluuie
-
Bromoform (Tribromomethane) .
4-Bromophenyi Phenyl Ether
Bromcmethaoe (Methyl Bromide)
n-Botanol
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dimtrophenol (Dlnoseb)
Carbon Bisulfide
Carbon Tetradioride
OdordaBe . ,
p-CUbroanilme
,-._.
\ jiiflfopeniiiCHe
nilftiflfcf-^atr
2-Chlon>-13-batadicne
CMfffodibromonicthaiie
.
Chloroetluiic
bisTZ-Chloroethcav^methane
o^ \fm vyui ^^
bis(2-Caปloroediyl)ethcr
2-ddoroeUi}i vinyl ether
Chloroform
bis(2-Chk>roisopropyl)ether
p-CUoro-m-cresol
Chloromethaae
l-OdoronaDhthalcne
Selecdoo
IBftf BaflTT^^I '
- (page >
atunber)
3-15
> , 3-7
3-7
MO
3-7 .
3-7
MO
3-10
3-7
3-7
3-15
/ 3-10
mm
9-1
3-10
3-7
3-7
3-7
Ml
Ml
3-7
3-7
Ml
3-10
3-7
Mi
1
Sdcctloo
ofBDAT
(page
oomber)
5-365
5-38
5-41
5-197
5-43
5-45
5-199
5-201
5-47
5-49
5-367
5-203
< vt
3-ji
5-205
5-55
5-56
5-58
5-208
5-210
5-60
5-62
5-212
5-206
5-67
5-214
treatment
Data (page
aumben)
5-365, 5-366
5-38, 5-39
5-41,5-42
5-197, 5-198
5-43,5-44
5-45,5-46
5-199, 5-200
5-201,5-202
5-47 5-48
5-49,5-50
5-367, 5-368
5-203,5-204
e o C tt '
J-3Z, J-J3
5-205, 5-394
5-55, 5-281
5-56, 5-57
5-58,5-59
5-208,5-209
5-210, 5-211
5-60, 5-61
5-62,5-64
5-212, 5-213
5-206,5-207
5-67,5-68
5-214. 5-215
Caknlatloa
Standard
^ซge
Bumber)
6-8
6-8
6-8
"6-8
6-8
6-8
6-8
6-8
6-8
6-8
6-9
6-9
ฃjn
fry
6-9
6-9
6-9
6-9
6-9
6-9
6-9
6-9
6-9
6-9
6-9
6-9
NKM71
1-8
-------
JUL.24 .'95 08:14 RflDIWH CORP MCLEftN/W
Table 1-1
(Continued)
'J&fa fv< V> *& ,!' "'
ltf;^%^^i';i t>;v
- l$^f"s cf.g'ttBtrtttvifiirt * > * ^
2-Chlorophcnol
3-Qdoropropeae
Orjuenc
Cresol {m- aod p-isomers)
(3-MethyJphenol, 4-Methylphenol)
o-Creปol (2-Methylphenol)
Cydohoanonc
o,pf-DDD
p,p'-DDD
Otp'-DDE
p,p'-DDE ' , ' . ,
o.p'-Diyr
P.P--DDT
Dibeoz(a4i)anthracenc
Dibe])2o(a,e)pyrene
ItZ-Dibromo-S-cbbropropaiie
DibrQmomeilitne
tris-(2^-Dibramoprop)d)phospluite
(m) 13-Didlorobenzcne
fo) L2-IHchterobeazeoe
i i^^
(p) l,4^)iclilorobeazene
DicWorodifluoromcthaflc
tl-Dichloroediaiie
i * i iiiiiiiini
U-Dichloroethanc
1,1-Didiloroetkyiene
trans-l^-Dtdibroethjieiie
Sekciloa
R^tioB '
; (Page
S oomber)
3-11
3-7
3-11
3-11
3-11
3-11
3-15
3-15
3-15
3-15
3-15
3-15
3-11
3-11
3-7
3-7
3-11
3-11
. 3-11
3-11
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-8
Sdccdon
ofBDAT
-------
Table 1-1
(Continued)
, . V - " >
....
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)
1,2-Dtchloropropane
cis-l^-Dichloropropene
trans- 1,3-Dichloropropene
Dieldrin . .'
Diethy! Phthalate .
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzenc
2,4-Dimcthylphenol .
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl Phthalate
1,4-Dinitrobenzene.
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluenc .
Di-n-octyl Phthalate
Diphenyiamine
Diphenylnitrosamine
1^2-Diphenylhydrazine
Di-n-propyinitrosamine '
Disulfoton
Endosulfan I
Endosulfan n
Selection
for
Regulation
:; (Page ;
: number)
3-11
3-ii
. 3-15
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-15
3-11
3-11
3-11
3-12
3-11
3-12
3-12
3-12
3-12
3-12
3-12
3-12
3-12
3-12
3-12
; 3-16
3-15
3-15
Selection
of BOAT
(page
Bomber)
5-240
5-242
5-398
5-87
5-89
5-89
5-375
5-243
5-245
5-246
5-249
, 5-229
5-252
5-253
5-256
5-259
5-261
5-263
5-265
5-268
5-266
5-269
5-405
5-377
5-379
v Treatment
Performance:
Data (page
numbers)
5-240,5-241
5-242,5-241
5-398, 5-399
5-87,5-88 ,
5-89, 5-90
5-89,5-90
5^375, 5-376
5-243, 5-244
5-245, 5-178
5-246, 5-248
5-249,5-251
5-229,5-231
5-252, 5-260
5-253, 5-255
5-256, 5-258
5-259, 5-260
5-261, 5-262
5-263, 5-264
5-265, 5-300
5-268,5-314
5-266, 5-267
5-269,5-314
5-405,5-48
5-377,5-378
5-379,5-380.
Calculation
of Universal
Standard
; (page
number)
6-10
6-10
6-11
6-11
6-11
6-11
6-11
6-11
6-11
6-11
6-11
6-10.
6-11
6-11
6-11
6-11
,6-11
6-11
6-U
6-11
6-11
6-11
6-12
6-12
6-12
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.wj
1-10
-------
Table 1-1
(Continued)
Constituent
Endosulfan Sulfate
Endrin
Endrin Aldehyde
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Ether
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylbenzene
Ethylene Dibromide (1ฃ- ^
Dibromoethane)
Ethylene Oxide .
Famphur
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Heptachlor
Heptachlor Eporide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorabutadiene
Hexachlorocydopentadiene
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxffis
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
Hexachloroethane *
Hexachloropropene
Indeno(l,23-cd)pyrene
lodomethane
Isobutanol
Selection
:;. .: for--'-.
Regulation
(page
number)
3-15
3-15
3-15
3-8
3-8
3-12
3:8
'3-8
3-8
3-8
3-16
3-12
3-12
3-15
3-15
3-12
3-12 .
3-12
3-16
3-16
3-12
3-12 '
3-12
3-8
, 3-8
Selection
of BOAT
: 0ปg*
number)
5-381
5-382
5-384
5-93
5-99
5-270
5-101
5-95
5-102
5-104
5-406
5-273
5-276
5-386
5-388
5-278
5-280
5-282
5-427
5-429
5-284 .
5-286
5-287
5-105
5-106
Treatment
Performance:
Data (page
: niimbers):: :
5-381,5-380
5-382, 5-383
5-384, 5-385
5-93, 5-94
5-99, 5-100
5-270, 5-271
5-101,5-115
5-95, 5-96
5-102, 5-103
5-104, 5-100
5-406, 5-48, '
5-273, 5-275
5-276, 5-277
5-386, 5-387
5-388, 5-389
5-278,5-279
5-280, 5-281
5-282,5-283
5-427, 5-428
5-429, 5-430
5-284, 5-285
5-286,5-90
5-287,5-288
5-105,5-68
5-106, 5-107
Calculation
of Universal
Standard
(page
number) .
6-12 ^
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
' 6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-12
6-13
6-13
6-13
6-13,
6-13
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.mj
Ml
-------
Table 1-1
(Continued)
'. :. ' , ' ' '',-'-- ',.-
. . '" Constituent ;. ' ' v s ; v:^ .:
Isodrin
Isosafrole
Kepone
Methacrylonitrile .
Methanol
Methapyrilene
Methoxychlor
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Methyl Methacryiate
Methyl Methanesulfonate
Methyl Parathion
3-Methylcholanthrene
Methylene Chloride
4,4'-Methylene-bis(2-chloroaiiiline)
Naphthalene .
2-Naphthylamine
o-Nitroaniline (2-Nitroaniline)
p-Nitroaniline (4-Nitroaniline)
Nitrobenzene ...
N-Nitroso-di-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrbsodimethylamine
N-Nitrospmethyiethylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine .
Scfaxtbnt
:"'-'.- faf. ':-.:
' KeinilatiQB
';^:f(jfagft^[
oomber}
3-15
3-12
3-15
3-8
3-8
3-13
3-15 -
3-9
3-9
- 3-9
3-13
3-16
3-13
3-9
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-13
V3-13
3-13
3-13
3-13
'.- ..':' " .-.
GttfftttUI
ofBDAT
&(ga&^.
Dumber)
5-390
5-289
5-391
5-108
5-110
5-290
5-393
5-112
5-114
5-116
5-294
5-407
5-291
5-117
5-292
5-295
5-299
5-301
5-303
5-305
5-312
5-315
5-313
5-316
5-317
''' 'ฃ?.'": ''" '"
Trcntmgjit
Fnfonaaace
'fia&fsriifi-,
'- .. nombcrsX
5-390, 5-358
5-289, 5-329
5-391,5-392
5-108, 5-109
5-110, 5-111
5-290, 5-329
5-393, 5-394
5-112,5-113
5-114, 5-115
5-116,5-115
5-294, 5-48
5-407,5^48
5-291, 5-288
5-117, 5-119
5-292, 5-293
5-295,5-297
5-299,5-300
5-301, 5-302
5-303, 5-304
5-305,5-307
5-312, 5-314
5-315, 5-314
5-313, 5-314
5-316,5-314
5-317,5-314
Calcolatioa
Standard
: "^-(pages' ':""
:::;v number)
6-13
6-13
6-13
6-13
6-13
6-13
6-13
6-13
, 6-13
6-13 '
6-13
6-13
fr!3
6-13
6-13
6-13
6-13
6-13
6-14
6-14
6-14
6-14
6-14
6-14
6-14
NRJ-071
0630-01.mj
1-12
-------
Table 1-1
(Continued)
. .: . Constituent '-..':. . :.';" '^ >;-
N-Nitrosopiperidine ,
' - ซ.
K-Nitrosopyrrolidinc
o-Nitrophenol (2-Nitrophenol)
p-Nitrophenol (4-Nitrophenol)
S-Nitro-o-toluidine ' .
Farathion '. ,
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachlorodibenzoo-dioxins
* >
Pentachlorodibenzofurans *
Pentachloroethane
Pentachloronitrobenzene ,
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin '
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phorate
Phthalic Anhydride
Phtbalic Anhydride (as measured by
Phthalic Acid)
Pronamide
Propanenitrile (Ethyl Cyanide)
Pyrene
Pyridide
Safrole
Silvex (2,4,5-TP)
Selection
=;..-;'fc^f;..-.
RegulatioD
:^:;;:(paปs^-i;.'
number)
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-16
3-13
3-16
3-16
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-13
3-14
3-14
3-16
3-14
3-14
. 3-14
3-9
3-14
3-9
3-14 .
3-15
Selection
of BOAT
:r-;
-------
Table 1-1
\
(Continued)
, -- ,"" "''.'". ^
. ":". ..:' Constituent ;% ..'':^ '
1^2,4,5-Tetracblorobenzene
Tetracblorodibenzo-p-dioxins ,.
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroetnane
Tetrachloroethylene
23,4,6-Tetrachlorophenoi
Toluene (Methyl Benzene)
Total PCBs
Toxaphene ' '
1^,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1-TricMoroethane
l,U2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichloromonofluoromethane
(Fluorotrichloromethanc)
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,44-Trichlorophenoxyacctic Acid
(2,4,5-T)
1^23-TricbIoropropane
l,l,2-Trichloro-lA2-trifluoroethane
Vinyl Chloride
Xylcne(s) (total)
;; SekctioB
^'^-'-lar^-/:':
Regulatioa
d/(pag^->;:..
nomber)
.3-14
3-16
3-16
3-9
3-9
S-9
3-14
3-9
3-16
3-15
3-14
3-9
3^9
3-9
3-9
3rl4
3-14
3-15
l
3-9
3-9
3-9
3-9
' Selection
of BDAT
.-"'(p^F^;.
number)
5-346
5-435
5-437
5-126
5-128
5-130
5-348
5-135
5-425
5-395
5-350
5-142
5-147
5-149
5-155
5-352
5-354
5-402
5-157
5-158
5-160
5-162
. PerforraaBce
Data (page
numbers)
, 5-346, 5-347
5-435, 5^36
5-437, 5-438
5-126, 5-127
5-128, 5-129
5-130, 5-132
5-348,5-349
5-135, 5-137
5-425, 5-412
5-395, 5-396
5-350, 5-351
5-142, 5-144
5-147,5-148
5-149,5-151
5-155, 5-156
5-352, 5-353
5-354, 5-355
5-402,5-403
5-157,5-88
5-158,5-159
5-160, 5-161
5-162,5-163
Calcoiatioa
of Universal
Standard
'&ฃ&&"'
number)
6-15
6-15
6-15
6-15
6-15
, 6-15
6-15
6-15
6-15
- - 6-15
6-15
6^15
6-15
6-15
6-15
6-15 ,
6-15
6-16
6-16
6-16
6-16
6-16
NRJ-071
0630-Ql.aij x
1-14
-------
Table 1-2
Cross-Reference Guide for Metal Constituents
Constituent
Antimony ,
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Selection for -
Regulation (page
number)
3-17
3-17 t
3-17
3-17
3-17
3-17
3-17
3-17
3-17 '
3-17
3-17
3-17
3-17
Selection of
BOAT (page
: number); .
5-440
5-443 .
5-446
5-450
5-453
5-457
5-462
5-466
5-470
5-475
5-478
5-481
5-485
Treatment
Performance
Data (page
. numbers)
5-440, 5-442
5-443,5-445
5-446, 5-448
5-450, 5-452
5-453, 5-455
5-457,5-459
5-462, 5-464
5-466, 5-468
5-470, 5-472
5-475, 5-477
5-478, 5-480
5-481,5-483
5-485,5-486
.. Calculation of
' , Universal
Standard (page
number)
e-i? ;
6-17
6-17
6-17
6-17
6-17 .
6-17
6-17
6-17
6-17
6rl7
6-17
6-17
NRJ-071
0630-01.01).
1-15
-------
-------
2.0
APPLICABILITY OF UNIVERSAL STANDARDS
In the present system of land disposal of hazardous wastes under RCRA,
waste disposers must typically comply with individual treatment standards for a specific
waste; in some instances,, these treatment standards impose different concentration limits
for the same constituent in different wastes. In order to simplify and streamline the land
disposal restriction rules under 40 CFR Part 261, the Agency is establishing a set of
treatment standards in which a specific constituent would have the same concentration
limit, independent of the waste code in which the constituent is regulated. This concept
of a uniform set of treatment standards is referred to as universal treatment standards
(i.e., universal standards).
2.1
Descrintion of Universal Standards
Universal standards are concentration limits established for specific
constituents independent of the waste matrix; a constituent has the same treatment
standard in each waste code in which it is regulated. The Agency is establishing two -
different sets of universal standards: one for nonwastewater forms of wastes and one for
wastewater forms of wastes. In some instances, a constituent can be readily analyzed in
one waste form (e.g., wastewater) and not in the other form (e.g., nonwastewater).
Similarly, the analytical detection limits that can be achieved are dependent on the
sample matrix. Therefore, these two sets of treatment standards differ in the population
of regulated constituents as well as the individual universal standards. The Agency .is
establishing universal treatment standards for organic, metal, and inorganic constituents;
s
the universal standards replace most existing promulgated treatment standards for listed
hazardous wastes under the RCRA Land Disposal Restrictions Program. The treatment .
standards for those constituents currently regulated in a waste for which universal
standards do not exist remain the same as those previously promulgated for those wastes.
NRJ-OTI:
063W)l.iU!J
2-1
-------
Additionally, the Agency intends to use universal standards to develop
BOAT treatment standards for newly listed wastes. The Agency plans to first
characterize the listed hazardous waste and determine which constituents should be
regulated, in accordance with EPA's Methodology Background Document (3). The
Agency would then evaluate the universal standards for those constituents, possibly
establishing them as BDAT treatment standards for the constituents selected for
regulation. "
i
2.2 ' 'Waste Codes Excluded from Universal Standards
Universal standards will not be applicable to wastes for which the Agency
has promulgated a method of treatment as the treatment standard (40 CFR 268.42).
Table 2-1 lists these, waste codes and the standards promulgated as a method of
treatment ,
Although the proposed rale excluded F024 wastes from universal standards,
the final Phase H rule establishes universal standards as applicable to all D, F, K, U, and
P waste codes with previously promulgated numerical treatment standards. Universal
standards, however, do not apply to TC metal wastes (D004-D011). Treatment standards
for D004-DO 11 wastes remain the same as those promulgated in the Third Third final
rule (June^l, 1990).
23 . Advantages of Universal Standards
The EPA is establishing universal treatment standards because of the
advantages this type of treatment standard will provide. This section describes the
advantages of universal standards. .
The primary goal.of universal standards is, to.. simplify. owner ..and operator
compliance, as. weU. as the, Ageiicy^s.enfo^
NRJ-071
063l.nij . 2-2
-------
enforcement and compliance monitoring are simplified. Under the existing-individual
concentration-based treatment standards, the applicable standards vary among different
wastes. Under universal standards, however, the treatment standards are limited to those
found in universal standards. Therefore, the establishment of universal standards is
expected to require less recordkeeping and simplify the testing required to comply with
BOAT treatment standards.
Universal standards will also simplify EPA's development of BOAT
treatment standards for future wastes to be listed under 40 CFR Fart 261. In most cases,
new listings of hazardous wastes will have universal standards as land disposal
restrictions.
Additionally, universal standards will facilitate the handling of waste
mixtures which are encountered at both on- and off-site hazardous waste treatment and
recovery facilities. Many wastes that are treatable by similar technologies are often
commingled prior to treatment and/or recovery; a set of universal standards would ,
simplify the monitoring and compliance requirements for these hazardous waste
mixtures. For example, under the present regulatory system, facilities that commingle
wastes must sometimes comply with more than one treatment standard for a specific
constituent. Under universal standards, monitoring and compliance will be simplified
since a specific constituent would have the same treatment standard in each waste code
in which it is regulated.
Finally, universal standards will provide facilities with concentration goals
for individual constituents. The facilities will then have the information necessary to
develop and implement alternative treatment technologies and to direct waste
minimization investigations to reach these goals.
NRJMm
0630-Ol.nij
2-3
-------
Table 2-1
Waste Codes With Treatment Standards
Promulgated as Methods of Treatment*
F Wastes
K Wastes
P Wastes
F005 (2-Nitropropane, 2-Ethoxyethanol)
K025
K026
K027
K039
K045
K047
K069 (Non-Calcium Sulfate Subcategory:
Nonwastewaters)
K106 (High Mercury Subcategory:
Nonwastewaters)
K107 /
KL08
P001
P002
P003 (Nonwastewaters)
POOS
P006
P007
POOS
P009
P014
P015
P016
P017
P018
P022 (Nonwastewaters).
P023 '
P026
P027
P028
P031
P033
P034
P040
P041 ,
P042
P024*
K109
K110
K112
K113
K114
' **
K115*
K116
K123
K124
K125
K126
P043
P044
P045
P046
P047
P049
P054
P056
P057
P058
P062
P064
P065
P065
P066
P067
P068
P069
P070
P072
P075
(4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol salts)
(Noawastewaters) !
(Nonwastewaters that are not
residues from incineration or
RMERC)
(High Mercury Subcategory:
Nonwastewaters)
-.
'
Unless otherwise-specified.- methods of treatment-were-specified for all.regulated comtihjeiiti.in'botli- aouwwtcwattrand wastewater
forms of the waste. . -
The coBStioients.in this waste ato.have:comxntiatioa-based.treatmeaistan(1anl't
NRJ-071
063lJuj- . 2-4
-------
Table 2-1
(Continued)
P Wastes
(Cont.)
U Wastes
*
"- ' . ' i '
*
P076
P078
P081
P082 (Nonwastewaters)
P084
P085
P087
P088
P092 (Nonwastewaters that are not
residues from incineration or
RMERC)
P092 (High Mercury Subcategory:
Nonwastewaters)
P093.
U001
U003 (Nonwastewaters)
U006
U007
U008
U010
U011
U014
U015
U016
U017
U020 .
U021 :
U023
U026 "
U033
U034
U035
U038 (Nonwastewaters)
U041 .
U042 (Nonwastewaters)
U046
U049
U053 ^
U055
U056
U057 (Nonwastewaters)
U058
U059
U062
P095
P0%
P102
pios
P108
P109 ,
P112
P113 (Nonwastewaters)
' P115 (Nonwastewaters)
P116
P118
P119 (Nonwastewaters)
P120 (Nonwastewaters)
P122 .
U064
U073
U074
U085
U086
U087
U089
U090
U091
U092 .
U093 (Nonwastewaters)
U094
U095
U096
U097
U098
U099
U103 ' \
U108 (Wastewaters)
U109 . . -
U110 i
U113
U114
U115
U116
U119
U122
U123 '
U124
U125
063(Mll.nij
2-5
-------
Table 2-1
(Continued)
U Wastes
(Cont.)
.
U126
U132
. U133
U134 (Nonwastewaters)
U135
U143
U147
U148
U149
UL50
LJL51 (High Mercury Subcategory:
.Nonwastewaters)
U153
U154
U156
U160
U163
U164
U166
U167 :
U168 (Nonwastewaters)
U171
U173 v
U176
U177
U178 '
U182
U184
U186
U189
U191 '
U193
U194
U197
U200
U201
U202
U206
.U213 "
U214 (Nonwastewaters) .
U215 (Nonwastewaters)
U216 (Nonwastewaters)
U217 (Nonwastewaters)
U218
U219
U221
U222
U223
U234
U236
U237
-U238 ,
U240 (2,4-D salts and esters)
U244
U246
U248 .
U249
U328
U353
U359
0630-01.arj
2-6
-------
3.0 CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION UNDER UNIVERSAL
STANDARDS
This section presents the Agency's methodology for selecting constituents
for regulation under universal standards and identifies the constituents selected for
regulation under universal standards for wastewater forms of wastes.
3.1 Constituents Considered for Regulation ,
. The Agency created a population of constituents to be considered for
regulation under universal standards by combining the BDAT List of hazardous
constituents with other constituents regulated under the RCRA Land Disposal
Restrictions Program. This population represents all constituents that are or could be
regulated by EPA in listed hazardous wastes. Table 3-1 lists constituents considered for
i
regulation under universal standards. Organic and metal constituents are discussed
separately in this section. . - .
3.1.1 Organic Constituents
. The organic constituents considered for regulation under universal
standards were divided into seven groups based on similarities in elemental composition
and functional groups as originally developed in the BDAT List of hazardous
constituents. _ Constituents, were organized in this, manner because the, Agency expected
constituents within each group to behave similarly when treated by an applicable
technology; constituents within each group are generally analyzed using the same
analytical methods, have similar detection levels, and are treated to similar concentration
levels. The seven groups are:
^ ".'"'
Volatile Organic Constituents; - . ,
Semivolatile Organic Constituents;
' OrganochlorineiPesticides;... ..
NRJ-07I '..--.'
063(W)l.aq- 3-1 '
-------
Phenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides;
Organophosphorus Insecticides;
PCBs; and
.Dioxins and Furans.
Table 3-1 presents the individual organic constituents within each treatability group,
3.1.2 Metal Constituents
The Agency has selected the metals included on the BDAT List of
hazardous constituents as the population of metal constituents considered for regulation
under universal standards. This population represents the metal constituents that are or
could be regulated by EPA under the Land Disposal Restrictions Program. Table 3-1
lists the metal constituents considered for regulation under universal standards.
3.2 Selection of Regulated Constituents
X
lf
In the selection of regulated constituents under universal standards, the
Agency followed the same constituent selection criteria found in EPA's Methodology
Background Document (3) established for the RCRA listed hazardous wastes.
In the development of previously, promulgated treatment standards under
the RCRA Land Disposal Restrictions Program, the Agency initially considered all
constituents on the BDAT List for potential regulation in wastewater forms of wastes. _
For the constituent to be considered for regulation in the waste, it must have been
present or suspected of being present in the untreated waste.
From ,each group of constituents that were eligible for regulation, the EPA
selected a subset of constituents which represented the broader group. For example,
.from a group of constituents that.react,similarly,,to treatment^ the Agency,selected.for .v
regulation.those constituents.that:.. (l),were,theปmost.:difficull.tO:.teeatr%based on=waste> .
NRJ-071 ' .' "'..,'.
3-2
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characteristics affecting performance of treatment; (2) were representative of other
constituents in the waste, based on structural similarities; and (3) were present in the
untreated waste at the highest concentrations. The Agency selected a subset of
constituents for regulation to facilitate implementation of the compliance and
enforcement program. ,
The treatment performance data presented in Section 5.0 represent the
data used as the basis of the treatment standards for wastes regulated to date under the
Land Disposal Restrictions Program. The constituents represented by these performance
data, therefore, are either present or believed to be present in a waste applicable to
universal standards. The data also indicate statistically significant reductions in
concentrations or, in the case of metals, reduction in mobility (i.e., leaching) resulting
from treatment. Therefore, the Agency is selecting for regulation in universal standards
1ป ''
those constituents, from the initial population, for which concentration-based wastewater
''
treatment standards were promulgated in listed hazardous wastes.
i
Constituents on the BDAT List of hazardous constituents which are not
being selected for regulation in universal standards are also presented in this section.
These excluded constituents may still be regulated in wastes subject to universal
standards, but no individual concentration-based treatment standard exists in this
document. The treatment standards for those constituents currently regulated in a waste
for which concentration-based universal standards do not exist remain the same as those
previously promulgated for those .wastes. In addition, .for. future rulemakings, general
provisions for developing treatment standards for those BDAT List constituents
identified as a constituent of concern in a waste, which do not have concentration-based
universal standards, .are presented in EPA's Methodology Background Document (3).
0630-0t.nrj
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3.2.1 Selection of Organic Constituents for Regulation Under Universal
%
Standards
The Agency is regulating those organic constituents for which it has
promulgated wastewater BOAT treatment standards in wastewater forms of wastes under
the Land Disposal Restrictions Program. All the organic constituents selected for
regulation in universal standards have the potential to be in treatment residuals and
effluents. Constituents excluded from universal standards were those with analytical
quantification difficulties and those without a concentration-based treatment standard in
wastewater forms of wastes applicable to universal standards. Table 3-1 lists the organic
constituents selected for regulation under universal standards as well as the excluded
constituents and reasons for exclusion.
The Agency is regulating PCBs as a single sum (i.e., as total PCBs) in
wastewaters and nonwastewaters rather than as individual Aroclors. Regulating total
PCBs is consistent with regulations promulgated by other EPA offices, such as those
promulgated pursuant to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Total PCBs
represent many isomers of polychlorinated biphenyls. The Agency believes that
regulating total PCBs may eliminate the analytical difficulties in quantifying each of the
individual Aroclors. Quantifying individual Aroclors requires recognition of a
chromatographic pattern specific for each Aroclor. Although chromatographic patterns
of individual Aroclors often overlap, making it difficult to quantify each individual
Aroclor, the sum of the individual Aroclors maybe quantified. These .patterns-are .often..
difficult to interpret. Furthermore, quantification of individual Aroclors may be difficult
in the case of wastes subject to degradation or treatment The Agency recommends the
use of SW-846, Methods 8080 or 8081, which require the use of a gas
chromatograph/electron capture detector, for measurement of total PCBs.
The^ Agency is. regulating _benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoraathene,
as~a sum under universal standards, :.The, Agency recommends,,the"use.of SW-846,-'
NRJ-07T
' " 3-4
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Method 8270, which requires the use of a gas chromatograph (GC)/mass spectrometer,
for measurement of the concentration of these compounds. When analyzing for these
compounds using this method, these two stereo-isomers co-elute. Since the two
constituents may not be accurately quantified separately, the Agency is regulating these
constituents as a sum in wastewater forms of wastes. However, universal standards are
presented separately for these two constituents on Table ES-l and in the preamble for
this rule to simplify commercially available computerized search programs that search by
constituent name or CAS number.
Similarly, the Agency is regulating diphenylamine and diphenylnitrpsamine
as a sum under universal standards. The Agency also recommends the use of SW-846,
Method 8270 for measurement of the concentration of these compounds. During the
analysis of these compounds, diphenylnitrosamine may hydrolyze to diphenylamine.
Since the two constituents may not be accurately quantified separately, the Agency is
regulating these constituents as a sum in wastewater forms of wastes. However, universal
standards are presented separately for these two constituents on Table ES-l and in the
preamble for this rule to simplify commercially available computerized search programs
that search by constituent name or CAS number. , .
The Agency selected four additional organic constituents for regulation
under universal standards in wastewater forms of wastes between proposal and
promulgation; acrylamide, o-nitroanuine, o-nitrophenol, and pentachloroethane. The
Agency is establishing universal standards for these constituents based on the only
concentration-based treatment standards the Agency has promulgated to date for each of
these constituents in wastewater forms of wastes (i.e., these universal standards are being
established as "defacto" universal standards).
NRJ4T71
0630-Ot.nrj
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Selection of Metal Constituents for Regulation Under Universal Standards
The Agency is regulating those metal constituents for which it has
" promulgated wastewater BOAT treatment standards under the Land Disposal
Restrictions Program. These metal constituents represent 13 of the 16 metals on the
BOAT list of hazardous constituents and are presented in Table 3-1. Because universal
v
standards would apply to most listed wastes in the RCRA Land Disposal Restriction
Program, all 13 metals have the potential to be in treatment residuals and effluents.
The Agency is not selecting chromium (hexavalent), copper, and zinc for
regulation under universal standards. EPA is not developing a universal standard for
chromium (hexavalent) because this constituent will be managed in universal standards
by regulation as chromium (total). EPA is not developing universal standards for copper
and zinc because wastewater BOAT treatment standards for these constituents have
never been promulgated under the Land Disposal Restrictions Program.
3.2.3 Methods for the Analysis of Constituents Selected for Regulation Under
Universal Standards.
Appendix A presents methods recommended by EPA for analyzing
)
constituents selected for regulation under universal standards wastes. Appendix A
identifies each constituent selected for regulation in universal standards wastes along
with the appropriate EPA-approved measurement method, as described in Test Methods
for Evaluating Solid Waste^Physical/Chemical Methods: SW-846. Third Edition (23, 24,
25).
Prior to the selection of analytical methods, the specific SW-846 section or
method should be consulted, as cited in Appendix A, for additional guidance on the use
of analytical methods for a specific sample.
NRWTt
0630-Ol.mj ' 3-6
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r '
4.0 IDENTIFICATION OF THE BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGY (BDAT)
This section presents the Agency's rationale for determining BDAT for the
constituents selected for regulation in wastewater forms of universal standards wastes.
This section presents the Agency's determination of:
. Applicable technologies;
Demonstrated technologies; and
Best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for treatment of
these wastes.
In determining BDAT, the Agency first determines which technologies are
potentially "applicable" for treatment of the waste(s) of interest. The Agency then
determines which of the applicable technologies are "demonstrated" for treatment of the
waste(s) of interest. The next step is to determine which of the demonstrated
technologies is "best" for the purposes of establishing BDAT. Finally, the Agency
determines whether the best demonstrated technology is "available" for treatment of the
waste(s) of interest. Integral to the determination of BDAT is the evaluation of all
available treatment performance data. The treatment performance data that were
evaluated to determine BDAT for these wastes are presented in Section 5.0.
4.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
To be applicable, a technology must theoretically be usable to treat the
waste in question or a waste that is similar, in terms of parameters that affect treatment
selection. Detailed descriptions of technologies that are applicable for treating listed
hazardous wastes, including those in the following sections,.are,.proyided>m.ERA.'s........ .
Treatment Technology Background Document .(5V. ' ' .
NRJ-07V - '
063WH.MJ ,4-1
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4.1.1 AppUcable Treatment Technologies for Organic Constituents \
Since wastewater forms of listed hazardous wastes may contain hazardous
organic constituents at treatable concentrations, applicable technologies include those
that destroy or reduce the total amount of organic compounds in the waste. The Agency
has identified the following technologies, based on current waste treatment practices and
engineering judgment, as applicable for treatment of these wastes:
Biological treatment (including aerobic fixed film, aerobic lagoon,
activated sludge, anaerobic fixed film, rotating biological contactor,
sequential batch reactor, and trickling filter technologies);
Carbon adsorption treatment (including activated carbon and
granular activated carbon technologies);
Chemically assisted clarification treatment (including chemical
precipitation technology);
Chemical oxidation treatment;
PACT* treatment (including powdered activated carbon addition to
activated sludge and biological granular activated carbon
technologies);
Reverse osmosis treatment;
Solvent extraction treatment (including liquid/liquid extraction
technology);
-, .. Stripping treatment (including steam stripping and air stripping
technologies); and .. . .
. Wet air oxidation treatment (including supercritical oxidation
technology).
Total recycle or reuse may also be applicable for certain wastewaters.
NRM7T.
4-2
I
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The concentrations and type(s) of constituents present in the waste
generally determine which technology is most, applicable. Carbon adsorption, for
example, is often used as a polishing step following primary treatment by biological
treatment, solvent extraction, or wet air oxidation. Typically, carbon adsorption is
applicable for treatment of wastewaters containing less than 0.1% total organic
i
constituents. Wet air oxidation, PACT* treatment, biological treatment, and solvent
extraction are generally applicable for treatment of wastewaters containing up to 1%
total organic constituents. Some wastewaters that may be regulated under universal
standards may contain constituents that are too toxic to support growth of a biomass and
therefore cannot be treated effectively by biological treatment or PACT* treatment.
Biological Treatment
. Biological treatment is a destruction technology that biodegrades hazardous
organic constituents in wastewaters. This technology generates two treatment residuals:
a treated effluent and a waste biosludge. Waste biosludge may be land disposed without
further treatment if it meets the applicable BDAT treatment standards for regulated
constituents. . .
Carbon Adsorption
Carbon adsorption is a separation technology that selectively adsorbs
organic constituents in wastewaleis onto activated carbon.. This technology generates
two treatment residuals: a treated effluent and spent activated carbon. The spent
activated carbon may be reactivated, recycled, incinerated, or land disposed without
further treatment if it meets the applicable BDAT treatment standards for regulated
constituents. '.'.:,
NRW71
0630-01.nq
4-3
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' Chemically Assisted Clarification
Chemically assisted clarification, including chemical precipitation, is a
separation technology that removes organic and inorganic constituents from wastewater
by the addition of chemicals that cause precipitates to form. The solids formed are then
separated from the wastewater by settling, clarification, and/or polishing filtration. This
technology generates two treatment residuals: treated wastewater effluent and separated
solid precipitate. The solid precipitate may be land disposed without further treatment if
it meets the applicable BOAT treatment standards for the regulated constituents in
nonwastewater forms of waste. .
;
Chemical Oxidation
Chemical oxidation is a destruction technology that oxidizes inorganic
cyanide, some dissolved organic compounds, and sulfides to yield carbon dioxide, water,
salts, simple organic acids, and sulfates. This technology generates one treatment
residual: treated effluent.
PACT* Treatment
PACT* treatment combines carbon adsorption and biological treatment .to
biodegrade hazardous organic constituents and selectively adsorb them onto powdered
activated carbon. This technology generates two treatment residuals: a treated effluent
and spent carbon/biosludge. The spent.carbon is often.regenerated and recycled to the
process or incinerated. .
. * \
Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis is a separation technology that removes dissolved organics
(usually salts) :from.a .wastewater, by-filtering the .wastewater, through a.semipermeable,,.
membrane^at.a pressure-greater,than the osmotic pressure caused by. the, dissolved,
organics iir the wastewater^ T^gs-tecmiology^generatesstwa;treatment^remo^ab::rthe3
NRJ-071, . ' .
063WLMJ 4-4" '
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treated effluent and the concentrated organic salt materials which do not pass through
the membrane.
Solvent Extraction -.-..
/
Solvent extraction is a separation technology that removes organic
compounds from a waste due to greater constituent solubility in a solvent phase than in
the waste phase. This technology generates two residuals: a treated waste residual and
an extract. The extract may be recycled or treated by incineration. The treated residual
may need to undergo further treatment for metals, such as stabilization. Recovered
solvent may be recycled back into the process. ..
Stripping Treatment .
Stripping treatment is a separation technology in which volatile organic
constituents in a liquid waste are physically transferred to a flowing gas or vapor. In
steam stripping, steam contacts the waste, strips the volatile organics, and carries .them to
a condenser where the mixture of organic vapors and steam is condensed and collected
in an accumulator tank. In air stripping, air contacts the waste and strips the volatile
organic constituents. Stripping generates one treatment residual: treated effluent.
Emissions from stripping treatment may require further treatment.
- Wet Air Oxidation
Wet air oxidation is a destruction technology that oxidizes hazardous
organic constituents in wastes under pressure at elevated temperatures in the presence of
dissolved oxygen. This'technology is applicable for wastes comprised primarily of water
and with up to 10% total organic constituents. Wet air oxidation generates one
treatment residual:, treated.effluent. The treated effluent may require further treatment
NRJ-07T
063
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for hazardous organic constituents by carbon adsorption or PACTฎ treatment. Trapped
air emissions from wet air oxidation may also require further treatment.
4.1.2 Applicable Treatment Technologies for Metal Constituents :
Since wastewater forms of listed hazardous wastes may contain metal,
constituents at treatable concentrations, applicable technologies include those that reduce
the total amount of metal compounds in the wastewater. Therefore, the Agency has
identified the following treatment technologies as applicable for treatment of these
wastes:
. Biological treatment (including activated .sludge, aerobic lagoon,
rotating biological contactor, and trickling filter technologies);
Chemically assisted clarification treatment (including chemical
precipitation and chemical precipitation followed by filtration
technologies);
Chemical oxidation treatment (including chemical oxidation
followed by precipitation technologies);
^ ' ' '
Chemical reduction treatment (including chemical reduction/
precipitation followed by sedimentation and filtration technologies);
Electrochemical treatment;
\
. Lime, sedimentation, filtration treatment; and ,
- , ' .
--- PACT* treatment '?-.;. ... ...... .
The applicable technologies for metals in wastewaters were described in Section 4.1.1;
chemical reduction, electrochemical, and lime, sedimentation, filtration treatment were
not included in that section and are described below.
NRJ-071
. 4-6
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Chemical reduction treatment, consisting of chemical reduction followed by
precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration, is a separation technology that chemically
reduces metal constituents from a higher oxidation state to a lower oxidation state. The
reduced metal is then in a form amenable to chemical precipitation and subsequent
sedimentation and/or filtration. This technology generates two treatment residuals: a
treated effluent and a settled or filtered solid containing the precipitated metal. The
solid residual may require additional treatment, prior to land disposal, to meet applicable
BOAT treatment standards in nonwastewater forms of waste for regulated constituents
remaining in the residual.
Electrochemical Treatment
\
t .
Electrochemical treatment, consisting of electrochemical treatment
' \
followed by chemically assisted clarification treatment, is a separation technology in
which direct current is applied to iron electrodes, generating ferrous ions. Metal
constituents are removed by adsorbing and coprecipitating within insoluble ferrous ion
matrices formed by the iron electrodes. These matrices are then settled out of solution
\ - '.'
using chemically assisted clarification. This technology generates two treatment
residuals: a treated effluent and a settled solid containing the precipitated metal. The
solid residual may require additional treatment, prior to land disposal, to meet applicable
BOAT treatment standards in nonwastewater forms of waste for regulated constituents
remaining in the residual.
Lime. Sedimentation. Filtration
' Lime, sedimentation, and filtration is a separation technology in which in
wastewaters are mixed with lime, causing metal constituents in the wastewater to
produce.an.insoluble .metal.oxide.material that settles out.of solution. The,metal oxide
NRJ-OTi:
063l.iuj
4-7
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precipitate is then filtered out of the wastewater solution: This technology generates two
treatment residuals: a treated effluent and filter cake containing lime and metal oxides.
The filter cake may require additional treatment, prior to land disposal, to meet'
applicable BOAT treatment standards in nonwastewater forms of waste for regulated
constituents remaining in the filter cake.
4.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
To be considered demonstrated, a technology must be employed in full-
scale operation for treatment of the waste of interest or a similar waste. Technologies
available only at pilot- or bench-scale operations are not considered in identifying
s ' ,
demonstrated technologies. The Agency may use data from such pilot- or bench-scale
operations to evaluate the performance of full-scale operations, provided the Agency
lacks full-scale data which can be used to evaluate performance.
>
All of the technologies identified as applicable for organic and metal
constituents in universal standards wastewaters have been demonstrated in full-scale
operation for treatment of wastewaters containing BOAT List constituents or similar ,
constituents. The data presented in Section 5.0 include full-scale treatment by these
technologies. The Agency therefore believes that all of the technologies presented in
Section 4.1 can be evaluated further to determine BOAT.
4.3
BOAT is determined based on a thorough review of all of the treatment
performance data available on the waste of interest or on a waste judged to be similar.
The treatment performance data that were evaluated for universal standards wastes are
presented in Section 5.0 of this document.
NRJ-071 ,
0630-Otmj 4-8
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As described in EPA's Methodology Background Document (3), after all
applicable and demonstrated treatment technologies are identified for the wastes of
interest, treatment performance data are examined to identify the technologies that
perform "best." The treatment perfonnance data are evaluated to determine:
Whether the data represent operation of a well-designed and, well-
operated treatment system;
Whether sufficient analytical quality assurance/quality control*
measures were used to ensure the accuracy of the data; and
Whether the appropriate measure of performance (e.g., TCLP or
total composition analysis) was used to assess the performance of
the particular treatment technology.
The Agency then determines whether the best demonstrated technology is
"available." An available treatment technology is one that (1) is not a proprietary or
patented process and can be purchased or licensed from the proprietor (Le., it must be
commercially available), and (2) substantially diminishes the waste's toxicity or
substantially reduces the likelihood that hazardous constituents will migrate from the
waste.
/
The Agency determined the best demonstrated technology for each
constituent selected for regulation in universal standards based on a thorough review of
all of the treatment performance data available for each constituent The best
demonstrated technology, selected for each constituent is described in Section 5.0; along.
with the presentation of treatment perfonnance data.
/
To determine the best demonstrated technology for specific constituents in
wastewaters, a hierarchy was established to evaluate the data presented, in Section 5.0.
These data came from a variety of sources, as identified in Section 5.1. In general, the
Agency believes that data from the Office:.of-Water's Engineering,arid,.Analysis Division
(EAD)-and Office,pฃSolid:Waste!s.BDAT.programS;are.superior to those from other
NRJ-07T
063041.0IJ . . x ' 4-9 .
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sources. The EAD database, as described in Section 5.1, is a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data and usually represents longer term sampling with
a greater number of sample sets than the other wastewater treatment databases; data
generated as part of the EAD and BDAT programs follow EPA protocols for sampling
and analysis procedures.
The following is an outline of the data source'hierarchy used to determine
the best demonstrated technology for the .constituents regulated in wastewater forms of
universal standards wastes. All data used in determining BDAT for a constituent came
from the highest level in the hierarchy for which data were available for a particular
constituent.
(1) EAD treatment performance data that were used to promulgate an
EAD effluent-based limitation standard. The data representing
EAD Option I (using end-of-pipe biological treatment) were used to
determine BDAT in all cases in which they were available (6, 7, 8,
9).
(2) Agency-sponsored BDAT wastewater treatment performance test
data.
(3) Treatment performance data submitted by the Chemical
, Manufacturers Association's (CMA) Carbon Disulfide Task Force.
(4) Industry-submitted multi-source leachate treatment performance
data, where the data showed substantial treatment
(5) Other available treatment performance data.. Evaluation of these,
data were based on: '
(a) The treatment technology for which data where available;
(b) Whether the data represented full-, pilot-, or bench-scale
treatment;
(c) The concentration of the constituent of interest in the
influent to treatment; - .,
O6awji.ai) . 4-10
-------
(d) The average concentration of the constituent of interest in
the effluent from treatment; and
(e) The removal efficiency of the treatment technology.
Full-scale treatment performance data with an influent constituent
concentration range greater than 100 ppb were preferred over data
. from pilot- or bench-scale operations, or from operations with a low
(i.e., (MOO ppb) influent constituent concentration range. If several
sets of data met these criteria (i.e., full-scale available technologies
.with high influent constituent concentrations), they were compared
based on an examination of their average effluent values and
percent removals to determine the data set(s) with the lowest
effluent values and the technology with the highest percent removal.
(6) If treatment performance data were not available from any of the
-examined sources, data were transferred from a structurally similar
constituent.
The Agency-determines which of the demonstrated technologies are "best"
for, the purpose of establishing BDAT through an evaluation of the available treatment
performance data. In determining "best," EPA considers only the effectiveness of
treatment, that is, the degree to which constituents in the waste are removed, reduced, or
destroyed. The Agency identified data representing greater treatment effectiveness as
treatment performance data that showed treatment of a more difficult wastewater matrix
(i.e., comparatively higher influent concentrations) to a similar or lower effluent
concentration than other available treatment data. Therefore, treatment performance
data representing high influent concentrations, low effluent concentrations, and/or a high
removal efficiency were preferred to other treatment performance, data. In some cases, ,a,
removal efficiency could not be calculated based on the available data (e.g., influent data
were only reported as ranges of values), and only the influent and effluent concentrations
were evaluated.
In some cases, deviations from the above data source hierarchy were
necessary based on the data available for/specific constituents..*These>deviationS"aie-.*...
addressed.in the; relevant constituent discussions of Section 5vO~
NRT-071 -
063Q-Ol.ni] 4-11
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The applicable and demonstrated technologies identified in Sections 4.1
and 4.2 that were determined to be best for each constituent, as identified in Section 5.0,
are all commercially available. In addition, the treatment performance data included in
Section 5.0 show substantial treatment of each constituent by the corresponding
technologies selected as BOAT. Therefore, the best demonstrated technology for each
constituent is also considered to be "available," and is BOAT for that constituent.
The Agency notes, however, that when it establishes concentration-based
treatment standards, the regulated community may use any non-prohibited technology to
treat the waste to meet the treatment, standards. Compliance with a concentration-based
treatment standard requires only that the effluent concentration be achieved; once
achieved, the waste may be land disposed. The waste need not be treated by the
technology identified as BDAT; in fact, concentration-based treatment standards provide
flexibility in the choice of a treatment technology. Any treatment, including recycling or
any combination of treatment technologies, unless prohibited (e.g., impermissible
dilution) or unless defined as land disposal (e.g., land treatment), can be used to achieve
these standards.
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063l.nij . 4-12
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5.0 TREATMENT PERFORMANCE DATABASE
This section presents the wastewater treatment performance data available
/
to the Agency for each BDAT List constituent selected for regulation in wastewater
forms of universal standards wastes. This section also discusses the use of the data to
determine BDAT and to calculate treatment standards for each constituent being
regulated in wastewater forms of universal standards wastes. Section 5.1 gives a brief
description of each data source examined for applicable wastewater treatment
performance data. Section 5.2 discusses the wastewater treatment performance data
considered in determining BDAT. Sections 5.2.1 to 5.2.8 present, on a constituent-by-
constituent basis, the wastewater treatment performance data considered in determining
BDAT. The tables in Sections 5.2.1 to 5.2.8 are organized by constituent type (i.e.,
<
volatile organics, semivolatile organics, metals, etc.); each section is preceded by ah index
of the constituents presented in that section. , ,
The tables in this section present the available treatment performance data
for each constituent The data used to determine the universal treatment standard are
indicated with a footnote. , \
5.1 Sources of Treatment Performance Data
/
This section describes each of the wastewater treatment performance data
sources used to determine BDAT for .wastewater forms of universal standards wastes.
The sources examined for applicable wastewater treatment performance data included:
The BDAT database;
"* " ' f
EPA-collected WAO/PACT* data;
The HAD database;
The-NPDES.database;....
0630-01.ftij
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The WERL database; ;
* Industry submitted leachate treatment performance data;
* Treatment performance data submitted by the Chemical
Manufacturers Association's (CMA) Carbon Disulfide Task Force;
* Treatment performance data submitted by California's Toxic
Substance Control Division (TSCD);
i
Data in literature that were not already part of the WERL ,
database; and
Data in literature submitted by industry on the WAO and PACTฎ
treatment processes. - ' :
i .
5.1.1 BOAT Database
The BDAT database consists of treatment performance data collected to
establish treatment standards in the First, Second, and Third Third BDAT Land Disposal
Restrictions rulemakings.
V '
Extensive sampling of incineration systems has been conducted under the
BDAT program. As part of these sampling episodes, incineration scrubber water data
were collected to determine BDAT treatment standards for wastewater forms of various
hazardous wastes. As discussed in Section 3.0, however, the Agency prefers to use
appropriate wastewater treatment performance data from well-designed and well-
operated, wastewater-treatmentunits rather than.constituent concentrations in scrubber,.
water to develop wastewater treatment standards. (This does not, however, preclude the
Agency from establishing treatment standards for wastes based on constituent
concentrations in incinerator scrubber waters on a case-by-case basis.) Therefore, only
treatment performance data from the BDAT database that represent a specific
technology for wastewater treatment, such as biological treatment or chemical
precipitation, were "examined as potential: treatmentvperformance.data.for usevin^;' - ^
NRJ-07I
063JW1.MJ ' . " --, 5-2
-------
determination of treatment standards for the constituents selected for regulation in
wastewater forms of universal standards wastes.
BOAT wastewater treatment performance data were, available for K011,
K013, K014, KQ99, K101-K104, and K062 wastes from the First, Second, and Third Third
^__. ' *' \
groups of wastes. The wastewater treatment technologies represented by these data
include chemical oxidation, liquid/liquid extraction, steam stripping, wet air oxidation,
and activated carbon adsorption for organic constituents and chromium reduction
followed by chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration for metal constituents.
i \
Additionally, as part of the development of the November 7, 1986 final
rule restricting the land disposal of solvent wastes F001-F005, the Agency examined data
from BAD sampling episodes, which are presented in the F001-F005 background
document (12). The technologies represented by these data include biological treatment,
activated carbon adsorption, steam stripping, air stripping, and wet air oxidation. The
wastewater treatment performance data for constituents regulated in F001-F005 wastes
were incorporated into the wastewater treatment database.
5.1.2 EPA-Collected WAG/PACT* Data
For specific Third Third U and P waste codes, a wastewater treatment test
was conducted by EPA using wet air oxidation (WAO) and powdered activated carbon
treatment.(PACT*) technologies., The treatment performance data from this BOAT test
were incorporated into the wastewater treatment database.
5.1 J EAD Database-Promulgated Limits .
i ' '
In response to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) of 1972
and the Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1977, EPA promulgated,,regulations,tp,reduce the
levels of pollutants in.wastewater. discharged.from industrial point sources using, the."Best;
NHJ-QTt ' -
5-3
-------
Available Technology Economically Achievable." The responsibility for developing and
.promulgating effluent limitations guidelines and standards was assigned to the
Engineering and Analysis Division (EAD), formerly referred to as the Industrial
Technology Division (ITD), within EPA's Office of Water. To date, EAD has
promulgated effluent limitations guidelines for over 20 industrial categories.
The treatment performance data used in promulgated regulations have
been summarized by industrial category in specific effluent limitations guidelines and
standards development documents. The treatment performance data from the Final
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and_St-a.ndard$ for the
Organic Chemicals. Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers Point Source Category (6) for those.
BDAT List organic constituents for which effluent limitations exist were incorporated
into the wastewater treatment database. Treatment performance data for BDAT List
inorganic and metal constituents for which EAD effluent guidelines limitations exist were
also incorporated into the wastewater treatment database. Wastewater treatment
performance data for metals were obtained from the Final Development Documents for
Effluent limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Inorganic Chgmii^al^
Manufacturing. Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing, and Metal Finishing Point Source
Categories (7, 8, 9). The Agency incorporated only EAD effluent limitations based on
actual treatment performance (as opposed to transfer of treatment performance data)
into the wastewater treatment database.
Treatment performance data from the Organic.Chemicals, Plastics, and
Synthetic Fibers (OCPSF) effluent guidelines incorporated into the wastewater treatment
database are from an EPA-sponsored 12-plant study for steam stripping treatment and
three .selected plants for biological treatment. These data are presented in more detail
in Tables vn-7 and VII-14 of Reference 6. These data are believed to be representative
1 '
of the effectiveness of these technologies for the treatment of the constituents of concern
in the regulated wastewater. The OCPSF effluent guidelines were based upon industry-
supplied.da.ta-from.the. 1983., Section 3Q8,questionnaiie ,as..well. as-these. EEArsollected,ซ
NHJ-071 . . . ,
0630-Ol.nir 5-4 .
-------
data. The technology basis for these data were mainly end-of-pipe biological treatment
(in the form of activated sludge) preceded in many cases by some form of in-plant
technology. These in-plant controls were sometimes in the form of highly efficient
technologies such as steam stripping and in-plant biological treatment.' For each
regulated constituent, a long-term average effluent concentration was computed using a
method that assigned nondetected values a relative weight in accordance with the
frequency with which nondetected values were found in daily data. These long-term
average effluent concentrations, which, in some cases, are different than the effluent
*.
concentrations reported in the wastewater treatment performance database, were used to
calculate the OCPSF effluent guidelines and therefore, are also being used to calculate
the universal standards where applicable. J ." .
5.1.4
NPDES Database
. Under the Clean Water Act, the discharge of pollutants into the waters of
the United States is prohibited unless a permit is issued by EPA or a state under the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). NPDES permits establish
effluent limitations for specific pollutants that facilities may discharge. The permit also
establishes monitoring and reporting requirements for a facility to determine whether the
effluent limitations are being met The monitoring data submitted by facilities as part of
the NPDES permit program are summarized in the NPDES database.
The NPDES database was searched to identify facilities that have
monitoring data for any of 90 specific BDAT List constituents. Data from this search,'
representing constituent concentrations in effluents from wastewater treatment, were
incorporated into the wastewater treatment database. However, EPA was unable to
determine whether substantial treatment occurred because the corresponding influent
concentrations for these constituents were not available. Also, the treatment
technologies or treatment trains represented by the NPDES data were identified in
0630-Ol.nq
-5-5'
-------
some, but not all, cases. Therefore, NPDES data were used to calculate standards only
when other data were unavailable.
5.1.5 WERL Database
EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, which now includes the
former Water Engineering Research Laboratory (WERL), has developed and is
continuing to expand a database on the treatability of chemicals in various types of
waters and wastewaters. TMs WERL database has been compiled from wastewater
treatment performance data available in published literature. Treatment performance
data for the BDAT List constituents included in this database were incorporated into the
wastewater treatment database. ,
5.1.6 Leachate Treatment Performance Data - -.
Leachate treatment performance data were submitted to the Agency just
prior to the proposal of the Third Third Land Disposal Restrictions rule. The data were
developed and compiled by a committee comprised of representatives of several major
domestic corporations. This leachate committee was formed in April 1989 following the
stay by the U.S. Court of Appeals, D.C Circuit (CADC), of the Land Disposal
Restrictions for the First Third group of wastes as it applied to hazardous waste leachate
(Waste Management Inc. vs. EPA, No. 88-1581, 8/9/88). ., *
4 . f
The data submitted'included waste characterization data and full- and
bench-scale treatment performance data for multi-source leachate (F039). For those
constituents with little or no available wastewater treatment performance data but for
which industry-submitted leachate treatment performance data were available and
showed substantial treatment, the Agency Used the leachate treatment performance data
as the basis for. calculating concentration-based treatment standards. The leachate
treatment performance.data used.to recalculate tTcatmetrt .standa"is fr>r the-Third..Third..
.NRJ-flTT > .
063M1.MJ 5-6
-------
Final Rule (i.e., calculated differently than in the proposed rule) were included' in the
wastewater treatment database.
5.1.7
Treatment Performance Data Submitted by CMA's Carbon Disulfide Task
Force . .
The CMA's Carbon Disulfide Task Force submitted treatment performance
data to the Agency in their comments to the proposed rule for universal treatment
standards. The Task Force is comprised of representatives from several companies who
^
manufacture and process carbon disulfide in the United States and was formed to .
monitor and participate in regulatory developments relevant to carbon disulfide.
The data submitted included waste characterization data and full-scale
treatment performance data for carbon disulfide. The data showed the performance
achieved by three types of treatment systems: neutralization; activated sludge followed
by chemically assisted precipitation; and aerobic lagoons followed by neutralization.
5.1.8
Treatment Performance Data Submitted by the California TSCD
The California TSCD submitted treatment performance data to the Agency
contained in the California TSCD's Staff Report on Proposed Treatment Standards for'
Metal-Containing Aqueous Wastes (28). The data submitted consisted of waste
characterization data, descriptions ,of treatment technologies, and treatment performance
data for several metal constituents, including all of the BDAT List metal constituents.
5.1.9
Other Sources
Other sources of wastewater treatment performance data for BDAT List
constituents, include data in, literature (pubUshed, articles)i that were not already part of
0630-01.nij.
5-7 -
-------
the WERL database and data in literature submitted by industry on the WAO and
PACTฎ treatment processes. . .
52 Wastewater Treatment Performance Database
Available wastewater treatment performance data for each constituent
selected for regulation in wastewater forms of universal,standards wastes are presented
in Tables 5-4 through 5-170 on a constituent-by-constituent basis. The discussion that
precedes each of these tables explains the identification of BDAT and presents the data
used to calculate the universal standard for that constituent. Table 5-1 presents a key to
the abbreviations used for the database sources listed in Tables 5-4 to. 5-170. Table 5-2
presents a key to the abbreviations used for the treatment technologies reported in the
wastewater treatment database. The tables in Sections 5.2.1 to 5.2.8 are organized by
constituent type (i.e., volatile organks, semivolatile organics, metals, etc.); each section is
preceded by an index of the constituents discussed in that section. Table 5-3 presents a
summary of the identification of BDAT and the sources of treatment performance data
used to calculate the universal standard for each, constituent selected for regulation. This
table also includes a cross-reference guide for locating the treatment performance data
used to determine the. universal standard for each constituent selected for regulation.
MU-071-.
063
-------
Table 5-1
Database Key for Wastewaters
Code
BOAT
WAO
EAD
OCPSF
CMDB
MF
NPDES
WERL
LEACHATE
CMA
TSCD
ART .
WAO (UT)
Database
Best Demonstrated Available Technology
EPA Wet Air Oxidation/PACT* Test Data
Engineering and Analysis Division
Organic Chemicals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers (EAD)
Combined Metals Database (EAD)
Metal Finishing (EAD)
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Water Engineering Research Laboratory
Leachate Treatment Performance Data Submitted by Industry
Data Submitted in Comments to the Proposed Rule by the
Chemical Manufacturers Association's Carbon Disulfide Task
Force
Data Submitted by the California TSCD
Data from Published Articles .
Wet Air Oridation/PACT* Data in Literature Submitted by
Industry
NRJ-071
0630-0l.nrj
5-9
-------
Table 5-2
Key to Treatment Technologies
Code
AAS
AC
AFF
AL
API
AS
AirS
AnFF
AnL
BGAC
BT
CA
CAC
Chem/Cond
ChOx
ChOx/Pt
ChPt
Chred
CN/Ox
V COAG
DAF
EC
.
Fil
FLOAT
Technology
Activated Alumina Sorption
Activated Carbon ..
Aerobic Fixed Film
Aerobic Lagoons
API Oil/Water Separator
Activated Sludge
Air Stripping
Anaerobic Fixed Film
Anaerobic Lagoons
^
Biological Granular Activated Carbon
Biological Treatment
Carbon Adsorption
Chemically Assisted Clarification
Chemical Conditioning
Chemical Oxidation [parentheses indicate the oxidation
chemical, i.e., ChOx(ozone)]
Chemical Oxidation/Precipitation
Chemical Precipitation
Chemical Reduction
Cyanide Oxidation
Coagulation
Dissolved Air Flotation
Electrochemical Treatment
-
Filtration
Flotation - .
NRjr-071
0630-Ol.nrj
5-10
-------
Table 5-2
(Continued)
Code
GAC
Gr/Rem
IE
KPEG
L
LL
' Neut
PACT8
RBC
RO
SBR
SCOx
Sed
SExt-
SS
TF
UF
..-. ,. - uv .
WOx
Technology
Granular Activated Carbon
/
Grease/Oil Removal .
Ion Exchange
Dechlorination Using Alkoxide
Lime
.Uquid-Liquid Extraction
Neutralization
Powdered Activated Carbon Addition to Activated Sludge
Rotating Biological Contactor
Reverse Osmosis
Sequential Batch Reactor
Super Critical Oxidation
Sedimentation
Solvent Extraction
Steam Stripping
Trickling Filter
Ultrafiltration
Ultraviolet Radiation ซ, ,. . .- . .
Wet Air Oxidation
Additional codes included on Tables 5-3 through 5-170:
"_ + _" ,- Indicates that the first process unit is followed in the process train by the second, i.e., AS +
Fil = Activated Sludge followed by Filtration. . . , .
w-
Indicates that the two units are used together, i.e., UFwPAC = Ultrafiltration using
Powdered: Activated Carbon. ,'.,..'... . . '. : ., -.
of^COntUlUOUS flow.,
0630-01,arj
5-11,
-------
Table 5-3
BOAT Technology Basis and Sources of Treatment Performance Data for
Universal Standards for Wastewater Forms of Wastes
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
BOAT
Treatment
Tecnnology
Source of Treatment
Performance Data
Location of
Treatment
Performance Data
(page number)
Organic Constituents
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetophenonc
2-Acetylaminofluorene .
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Aldrin
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline. . t ' '
Anthracene
Aramite ,. . . .
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260'
BT
BT
BT
SS
BT
BT
AS
WOx
BT
BT
AL
LL+SS+AC
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF
LEACHATE
WERL
LEACHATE
Transferred from
benz(a)anthracene
WERL
BDAT
(KQ11/KQ13/K014)
EAD-OCPSF
NPDES
Transferred from 33'-
dichlorobenzidine
BDAT (K103/K104)
EAD-OCPSF
Transferred from
methyl ethyl ketone
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
" ' ' -NPDES--*"' -'-
NPDES
5-169, 5-170
5-171,5-173
5-23, 5-24
5-25, 5-26
5-174,5-175
. 5-176, 5-186
5-27, 5-28
5-29, 5-30
- . 5-3L 5-32
5-357, 5-358
5-177, 5-178
5-179, 5-180
5-181,5-182
5-183, 5-113'
5-411,5,412
. 5.413, 5-414
5-415, 5-416
5-417, 5-418
5-419, 5-420
-v* 5-421^5=422-- '; 1
5-423,:5-424 ;' |
NRJ-071
,0630-Ol.orj
5-12.
-------
Table 5-3
(Continued)
. Constituent Selected
For Regulation
aipha-BHC . ,
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
gamma-BHC (Lindane)
Benzal chloride
Benzene
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene - ' '
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
Benzo(a)pyrenc
Bromodichloromethane
Bromoform (Tribromomethane)
Bromomethane (Methyl Bromide)
4-Brombphenyl phenyl ether
n-Butanoi
Butyl benzyl phtbalate .
2-sec-Butyt-4,6-dinitrophenol
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlordane (alpha and gam*"*) .
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobeozene
Chlorobenzilate ';
BOAT
Treatment
Technology
GAC
GAC
BT
GAC .
BT
SS.
BT;
AS
BT
AS
BT
RO
RO
AS '
BT
BT
AS
WOx+PACTซ
AS + CAC
BT
BT
WOx+PACT*
BT
WOx . ,
Source of Treatment
Performance Data
WERL
WERL
NPDES
WERL
Transferred from
chiorobenzene
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF
WERL
EAD-OCPSF
WERL
EAD-OCPSF
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
LEACHATE
WERL
WAO
CMA
BOAT (P001-F005)
NPDES
WAO
BDAT (F001-F005)
Transferred from
methoxychlor :
LocatioB of
Treatment
Performance Data
(page number)
. 5-359, 5-360
5-361, 5-362
5-363, 5-364
5-365, 5-366
5-184, 5-53
5-33, 5-35
5-185, 5-186
5-187, 5-188
5-189, 5-19V
5-192, 5-193
5-194, 5-1%
5-38, 5-39
5-41,5-42
5-43, 5-44
5-197, 5-198
5-45, 5-46
5-199, 5-200
5-201, 5-202
5-47, 5-48
5-49,5-50
5-367, 5-368
5-203, 5-204
5-52, 5-53
,5-205, 5-394
063W)l.aij
5-13
-------
Table 5-3
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
2-Chloro-l,3-butadicne
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroethane
bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane
bis(2-Chioroethyl)ether
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
bis(2-Chloroisopropyi)ether
Chloromethane
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3-ChIoropropene
Chrysene
ortho-Cresol
meta/para-Cresol '
Cyclohexanonc
'
o,p'-DDD
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDE
o,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDT
Dibenz(aji)anthiaceiic
BOAT
Treatment
Technology
AS + Fd
AS
GAC
SS
BT
AS
BT
SS
BT
SS
BT
AS
AS
, BT
BT
AS
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
CAC
Source of Treatment
Performance Data
Transferred from
hexachlorobutadiene
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSF
LEACHATE
WERL
NPDES
EAD-OCPSF
NPDES
EAD-OCPSF
NPDES
WERL
Transferred from cis-
13-dichloropropene
EAD-OCPSF
BOAT (F001-F005)
WERL
Transferred from
methyl ethyi ketone . .
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
Locadoa of
Treatment
Performance Data
(page number)
5-55, 5-281
5-206, 5-207
5-56, 5-57
5-58, 5-59
5-208,5-209 .
5-210,5-211
5-60, 5-61
5-62,5-64
5-212, 5-213
5-67, 5-68
5-214,5-215 -
5-216, 5-217
5-70, 5-90
5-218, 5-219
5-220, 5-221
5-222,5-223
5-224, 5-113
5-369,5-370
5-369, 5-370
5-371, 5-372
5-371, 5-372
5-373, 5-374
5-373,5-374
5-225, 5-226
NRJ-On
0630-Ol.nrj
5-14
-------
Table 5-3
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
Dibromomethane
tris(23-Dibromopropyl) phosphate
Di-n-butyt phthalate
m-Dicalorobenzcne .
o-Dichlorobeozene
p-Dichlorobenzene .
Dichlorodifiuoromethane
1,1-pichloroethane ,
1,2-Dichloroethane ,
1,1-Dichloroethylene
trans-l,2-Dichloroethylene .
2,4-Dichlorophenoi
2,6-Dichiorophenol
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
1,2-Dichloropropane
. <, ri- 1.1
cis- 13-Dichloropropcnc
trans- 13- Dichloropropene .
Dteldrin '
Diethyi phthalate
p-Dimethyiaminoazobenzene
...
BDAT
Treatment
Technology
BT
1 AS . '
AS
AS. . .
BT.
BT
BT
AS
AS
- ss
SS
SS
SS
AS
AS
ChOx(a)
AS
AS
AS
BT
BT
AL
Source of Treatment
Performance Data
. Transferred from
benzo(a)pyrene
Transferred from'
bromomethane
Transferred from
bromomethane
Transferred from
.bromomethane
EAD-OCPSF
LEACHATE
BDAT (F001-FOOS)
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF^
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF
WERL
Transferred from 2,4-
dichlorophenol
BDAT (K099)
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
EAD-OCPSF
Transferred from 33'-
dichlorobenzidine
Location of
Treatment
Performance Data
(page number)
5-227, 5-196
5-71, 5-44
5-72, 5-44
5-228, 5-44
5-229,5-231 .
5-232, 5-233
5-234, 5-235
5-237, 5-238
5-73,5-74
5-75,5-77
5-78, 5-80,
5-82, 5-83
'5-85,5-86
5-240, 5-241
; 5-242,5-241
5-398, 5-399
5-87, 5-88
5-89, 5-90
5-89,5-90
5-375, 5-376
5-243, 5-244
5-245, 5:178
NRT-071
0630-01.01)
5-15
-------
Table 5-3
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
2,4-Dimethylphenoi
Dimethyl phthalate
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
i
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene :
Di-Q-octyl phthalate
Diphenylamine . ' .
1,2-Diphenylhydrazffle
Diphenyinitrosamine .
Di-n-propyuiitrosamine
Disulfoton . -
Endosulfan I
Endosulfan II
Endosulfan sulfate
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Ethyl acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl ether
bis(2-Ethylhexyi)phthalate
BOAT
Treatment
Technology
BT
BT
PACT*
AC
AC
PACT*
PACT*
AS
AS
AS+BT
AS
AS
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT >
AS
BT
RO
. BT
Soarce of Treatment
Performance Data
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF
Transferred from 2,4-
dinitrotoluene
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF
WERL
WERL
WERL
Transferred from 2-
napht-hytaming
WERL and NPDES
Transferred from N-
Nitrosodiethybmine
Transferred from N-
Nitrosodiethyiamine
Transferred from
carbon disulfide .
NPDES
NPDES
Transferred from
endosulfan fl
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
BDAT (F001-F005)
WERL
EAD-OCPSF
Location of
Treatment
Performance Data
(page number)
5-246, 5-248
5-249, 5-251
5-252, 5-260
5-253, 5-255 '
5-256, 5-258
5-259,5-260
5-261, 5-262
5-263,5-264
5-265, 5-300
5-266, 5-267
5-268, 5-314
5-269, 5-314
5-405, 5-48
5-377, 5-378
5-379, 5-380
5-381, 5-380
5-382, 5-383
5-384, 5-385
5-93, 5-9*
5-95, 5-96
5-99, 5-100
5-270, 5-271, .
NRJ-OTi .
0630-Ol.uj .,
5-16
-------
Table 5-3
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation . -
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethylene dibromide (1,2-Dibromoetbane)
Ethylene oxide
Famphur
Fluoranthene
Fluorene .
Heptachlor
Heptacblor eporide
.Hexachlorobenzene
Hcxachlorobutadicae
Hexachldrocyciopentadiene
. Hexacfalorodibenzo-p-dionns ,
* v
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloropropene
Indeno(l,23-cd)pyrene
lodomethane
Isobutanol
Isodrin
Isosafrole
ป
BOAT
Treatment
Technology
BT
AirS
RO
BT
BT
BT
GAC
BT
AS+Fil
AS+Fd
BT
BT
i
BT
AS+Fd
AS
AS
ss
BT
BT
WAO+PACT*
Source of Treatment
Performance Data
Transferred from
methyl tsobutyl ketoae
WERL
Transferred from ethyl
ether
Transferred from .
carbon ^lisM^^ff
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF
WERL
NPDES
WERL
WERL
NPDES
Transferred from
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
diojons
Transferred from
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxins
WERL
Transferred from cis-
13-dichloropropene
WERL
Transferred from
chloromethane
LEACHATE
Transferred from aldrin
Transferred from
'pheaacetin
LocattoB of
Treatment
Performance Data
(page number)
5-101, 5-115
5-102, 5-103
5-104, 5-100^
5-406,5-48
. 5-273, 5-275
5-276, 5-277
5-386, 5-387
5-388,5-389
5-278, 5^279
5-280,5-281
5-282, 5-283
.5-247, 5-428
5-429,5-430
5-284, 5-285
5-286, 5-90
5-287, 5-288
5-105, 5-68
5-106, 5-107
5-390, 5-358
5-289, 5-329
NRJ-071"
0630-Ol.mj
5-17
-------
Table 5-3
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
Kepone
Methacrylouitrile
Methanol
Methapyrilene
Mcthoxychlor .
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyi ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl methanesutfonate
Methyl parathion
3-Methylcholanthrene
Methyiene chloride .
4,4'-Methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)
Naphthalene
2-Naphthylamine
o-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butyiamine
BDAT
Treatment
Technology .'
BT
BT
BT
WAO+PACT*
WOx
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
AS
SS
AS
BT
AS
ChPt + CA
PACT*
SS+AC
ChPt-t-CA
AC
AS
t
Source of Treatment
Performance Data
LEACHATE
Transferred from
acrylonitrile
LEACHATE
Transferred from
phenacetin
WERL
LEACHATE
LEACHATE
- Transferred from
methyl isobutyi ketone
Transferred from
^Hffiftp ^jlSB'fJ^iff
Transferred from '
carbon disulfide
. Transferred from
indeno(1.2.r- -cd)pyrene
EAD-OCPSF
WERL
EAD-OCPSF
WERL
BDAT (K101)
WERL
EAD-OCPSF
BDAT (K102)
EAD-OCPSF
Transferred from N-
Nitrosodimethyiamine
Location of
Treatment
Performance Data
(page number)
5-391,5-392
5-108, 5-109
5-110, 5-111
5-290, 5-329
5-393,5-394
5-112, 5-113 .
5-114, 5-115
5-116; 5-115
5-294,5-48.
5-407,5-48
5-29t 5-288
5-117, 5-119
5-292, 5-293
5-295, 5-297
5-299,5-300
5-301, 5-302
5-303, 5-304
5-305, 5-307
5-308.1, 5-3882
5-309, 5-311
5-312, 5-314
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.oj]
5-18
-------
Table 5-3
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethyiamine
N-NitrosomethytethyUunine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
5-Nitro-o-toIuidine
Parathion
Pentachlorobenzene
, * \
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioidns
Pentachlorodibenzofurans
Pentachloroethane
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
Pheoanthrene
Phenol
Phorate
BOAT
Treatment
Technology
AS
AS .
AS
AS
AnFF
AnFF
PACT*
BT
AS+Fd
BT
BT
AS+Fd
AS+Fd
Fd+GAC
WOx+PACTซ
BT
BT
BT
Source of Treatment
Performance Data
Transferred from N-
Nitrosodimethylamine
WERL
Transferred from N-
Nitrosodimethyiamine
Transferred from N-
Nitrosodimethylamine
Transferred from
pyridine
Transferred from
. pyridine
Transferred from 2,4-
dinitrotoluene
Transferred from
carbon disulfide
Transferred from
hexachlorobenzene
Transferred from
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxins
LEACHATE
Transferred from
hexachloroethane
Transferred from '
heTachlorobfflWte
WERL
WAO
EAD-OCPSF
LEACHATE
Transferred from
carbon disulfide
Location of
Treatment
Performance Data
(page number)
5-315,5-314
5-313, 5-314
5-316, 5-314
. 5-317,5-314
5-318^ 5-125
5-319, 5-125
5-320, 5-260
5-408, 5-48
5-321, 5-279
5-431,5-432
5-433, 5-434
5-322, 5-285
5-323, 5-279
5-324, 5-325
5-328, 5-329
5-330, 5-332
5-333, 5r335
5-409,5-48
NRJ-071
0630-01.nij
5-19
-------
Table 5-3
(Continued)
Constituent Selected .
For Regulation
Phtbalic anhydride
Pronamide
Propanenitrile (Ethyl cyanide) . .
Fyrcne
Pyridine
Safrole
SUvex (2,4,5-TP) .
14,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
TetracUorodibenzo-p-diorins
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
l,l,L2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
Toluene , .
Total PCBs
Toxaphenc
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1-Trichlorocthane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichioroethyiene
Trichloromonofluoromethane
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol ' .
- BOAT
Treatment
Technology
BT
WOx+PACTซ
BT
BT
AnFF
WOx+PACTซ
ChOx(Cl)
AS+Fd
BT
BT
PACT*
GAC
ss
TF+AS
SS
BT
BT
PACT*
SS
SS
SS
LL+SS+AC
BT
Source of Treatment
BrUHIHIHIW UftHV
LEACHATE
WAO
, Transferred from
acrylonifrile
EAD-OCPSF
WERL
Transferred from
phcnacetin
Transferred from 2,4-D
Transferred from
hexachlorobenzene
LEACHATE
Transferred from
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dibxms
WAO(UT) *
WERL
EAD-OCFSF
WERL
EAD-OCPSF
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF
EAD-OCPSF
BOAT (K103/K104)
LEACHATE
Locatidaof
Treatment
Performance Data
(page number)
5-338,5-339
' 5-340, 5-341
5-122, 5-123
5-342, 5-344
,5-124,5-125
5-345, 5-329
5-400,5-401
5-346, 5-347
5-435,5-436
5-437, 5-438
5-126, 5-127
5-128, 5-129
5-130, 5-132.
5-348,5-349
5-135, 5*137 .
5-425,5-412
5-395, 5-396
5-350, 5-351
5-142, 5-144
5-147, 5-148
5-149, 5-151
5-155, 5-156
5-352, 5-353 |
NRj-
-------
Table 5-3
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation /
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4^-T)
1,23-Trichioropropane
J
l,lr2-Trichloro-l,2)2-trifluoroethane
Vinyl chloride
Xylene(s) (total)
BOAT
Treatment
Technology
BT
ChOx(Cl)
AS
;
AS+R1
SS
WOx
Source of Treatment
renonnaBCC tmlft
LEAGHATE
Transferred from 2,4-D
' Transferred from 1^2-
dichloropropane
Transferred from
hexachlorobenzene
EAD-OCPSF
WERL
Locatioa of
Treatment
Performance Data
(page number)
5-354, 5-355
5-402,5-403
5-157,5-88.
5-158,5-159
5-160,5-161
i 5-162,5-163
:.'"'. ;"""* -"'"VY I.;-''"; Metal Coastitoeiits '''"'v^-V^
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium .
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Lead
Mercury .
Nickel
Selenium . . ,
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
L+Sed+Fd
L+Sed+Fil
L+Sed+Fd
L+Sed+Fd
ChPt+Sed,
ChPt+Sed
ChPt+Sed
L+Sed+Fd
ChPt+Sed
L+Sed+Fd
ChPt+Sed
L+Sed+Fd
EC+CAC
EAD-CMDB
EAD-CMDB
EAD-CMDB
EAD-CMDB
EAD-MF
EAD-MF
EAD-MF
EAD-CMDB
EAD-MF
EAD-CMDB
EAD-MF
EAD-CMDB
TSCD
5-440,5-442
5-443, 5-445
5-446,5-448
5-450, 5-452 !
5-453, 5-455
5.457,5.459
5-462, 5-464
5-466,5-468
5-470, 5-472
5-475, 5-477
5-478,5-480
5-481, 5-483
5-485,5-486
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.MJ
5-21
-------
5.2.1
Volatiles
This section presents the available wastewater treatment performance data
and discusses the identification of BDAT for the following volatile organic constituents:
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodichloromethane
Bromofonn (Tribromomethane)
Bromomethane (Methyl bromide)
n-Butanol
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-l^-butadiene . <
Cblorodibromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene
l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
Dibromomethane
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
, 1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
trans- 1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,2-Dichloropropane
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
Ethyl acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl ether
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethylene dibromide (1,2-Dibromoethane)
Ethylene oxide
lodomethane
Isobutanol
Methacrylonitrile .
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Methylene chloride
Propanenitrile (Ethyl cyanide)
Pyridine
1,1,1^-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichloromonofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-l A2-trifluoroethane
Vinyl chloride
Xylenes .
0630-Ol.nij
5-22
-------
Acetone. Treatment performance data for acetone were compiled from the
WERL and NPDES databases, wet air oxidation (WAO) data from literature, and
industry-submitted leachate treatment performance data and are presented in Table 5-4.
Technologies for which treatment performance data are available include biological
treatment (BT), activated sludge (AS), granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered
activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ), reverse osmosis (RO), steam
stripping (SS), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent
bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
0.846 Mg/L to 10,000
BDAT for acetone is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was
*
selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted leachate data for
biological treatment showed substantial treatment of acetone and (2) the Agency ,
believes that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely
achieved by industry.
The universal standard for acetone was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 100 n%/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy,correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for acetone in wastewaters
(0.28 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRW71
063
-------
Table 5-4
/
Treatment Performance Data
for Acetone in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
,NR
NR
AS
AS
BT*
BT
GAC
PACT*
PACT"
, RO
RO
ss
WOx
WOx(B]
Technology
Seal*
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' . NR
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
FuU
NR
Bench
FuU
' Bench
Bench
FuU
Full
Piloc
Full
Bench
Facffily
NY0084859
NH0001376
MA0000442
NY0107760
CT0001341
AZ0000108
AZ0000108
AZ000010B
MA0000442
NY0081698
NY0107484
241B
1168E
CWM
CWM
245B
242E
Zunpio
250B
250B
. 1082E
242E
78D
Detection
Limit
(W/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
NR
100
100
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
bflnant
Commit! 8lH>M
(W/L)
NR
NR
NR
.NR
NR
, . 'NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1000-10000
10000-100000
1900-10000
9133
1000-10000
100-1000
233
1000-10000
10000-tOOOOO
. 10000-100000
1000000
1000000
No, of
Data
Points
8
10
w
14
23
11
11
11
4
8
16
5
NR
3
3
1
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR-
Average
Earnest
CogrtBtffttBm
wu
126.000
620.560
808.000
296.429
420.000
0.846
1.000
1.000
31.000
804.965
1010.780
28.000
1100.000
100
100.
50.000
20.000
20.000
200.000
5800.000
10000.000
230.000
10000.000
Removal
(%>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
98.5
97.1
97.92
98.91
95.9
91.4
91
81
78
80
99.99 '
99.4
Reference
NPDES
NFDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NFDES.
NPDES
NPDES
.WERL
WERL
LEACHATE*
LEACHATE1
.WERL
WERL
WAO(LrT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing univeisal standard. -
NR - Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.nrj
5-24
-------
Acetonitrile. Treatment performance data for acetonitrile were compiled
from the WERL database and PACTฎ data from literature. These data are presented in
Table 5-5. Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS),
granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon addition to activated
sludge (PACT8), steam stripping (SS), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment
performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 5.0 /ig/L to 30,000 /ig/L. .
BDAT for acetonitrile is steam stripping (SS). SS was selected as BPAT
because of its high influent concentration and high removal efficiency. Although GAC
and PACT* treatment achieved lower effluent concentrations, the Agency preferred SS
to GAC and PACT* treatment because of its higher influent concentration.
! ' -. . .
. The universal standard for acetonitrile was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 2,000 /ig/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for acetonitrile in
wastewaters (5.6 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
0630-Ol.mj
5-25
-------
Table 5-5
Treatment Performance Data
for Acetonitrile in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
GAC
PACT*
sy
WOx
WOx
WOx [B]
WOx [B]
Technology
Scale
Bench
Beach
Bench
Pilot
Bench
Full
Bench
Bench
Facffitjr
10S4E
1054E
Zimpro
1082E '
Zimpro
242E
1054E
1054E
Detection
Limit
<ซ/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR
NR
NR
Range of
wu
10000-100000
- 1000-10000
30000
100000-1000000
1040000
10000-100000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
No. of
Data
Points
NR '
NR
1
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
Avenge
Effinent
, CoiKHiiialion
(MlU
5100.000
S.OOO
30.000
2000.000
17000.000
30000.000.,
28000.000
30000.000
Ranaval
(*)
83
99.90
99.9
99.46
98.4
63
96.9
54
Reference
WERL
WERL
WAO (LIT)
WERL'
WAO (LIT)
, WERL
WERL
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR ป Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRI-071
070S-02.arj
5-26
-------
Acrolein. Treatment performance data for acrolein were compiled from *
the WERL and NPDES databases and WAO data from literature. These data are .
presented in Table 5-6. Technologies for which data are available include activated
sludge (AS), biological treatment (BT), coagulation followed by sedimentation
(COAG+Sed), and wet air oxidation' (WOx). The treatment performance data represent
both bench- and full-scale studies. Resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
0.002 Mg/L to 21,696 Mg/L.
*
BOAT for acrolein is activated sludge biological treatment (AS). Activated
sludge was selected as BOAT because of its high influent concentration and high
removal efficiency.
The universal standard for acrolein was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 50 fig/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of,the resulting universal standard for acrolein in wastewaters
(0.29 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.OIj
5-27
-------
Table 5-6
Treatment Performance Data
for Acrolein in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR-
NR.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR'
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AS*
BT
BT
ar
,COAG+Sed
WOx
/
Technotoo
Scale
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
Bench
Full
Full
Putt
Putt
Beach
Faculty
LA0065501
LA0066214
PAOOU371
SC0002798
NJ0001660
TNOQ02S10
IL0000621
VA0002160
MI0002313
IA006643S
NJ0028291
SC0000281
IL0000621
PA0026379
TX0008788
NJ0004286
202D
PA0026549
IL0001350
LA003824S
PA0013129
Zanpro
Detection
Limit.
<ซ/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
tannest
Gajfe}
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR-
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10000-100000
NR
NR
NR
NR
8410000
No. of
Data
Pointt
6
15-
19
14
S
4
1
12
2
11
2
12
2
2
7
4
NR
20
24
36
l>
i
Average
Effluent
Concntration; .
(ซ/D
100.000
50.357
1.000
27.143
81.000
33.000
10.000
100.000
0.002
100.000
1.000
21696.000
8.000
60.000
50.000
22.500
50.000
4016.000
50.000
95.000
10.000
3000.000
Removal
(%}
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
99.92 '
NR
NR
NR
NR
99.96
Kctcrcncft
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES"
NPDES
NPDES
,. NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL*
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WAO(LTT)
Data usซd in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.,
NRJ-071
5-28
-------
Acryiamide.. Wastewater' treatment performance data for acrylamide were
compiled from the BOAT database and are presented in Table 5-7. These data
represent wet air oxidation (WOx) treatment of acrylamide and represent bench-, pilot-,
and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 4,550 j*g/L to
680,000 jtg/L.
BDAT for acrylamide is wet air oxidation (WOx). Wet air oxidation was
selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) wet air oxidation is the only technology for which
wastewater treatment performance data for acrylamide are available to the Agency, and
(2) the BDAT data for wet air oxidation showed substantial treatment of acrylamide'
(99.45 percent removal across the treatment system). " -
The universal standard for acrylamide was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 4,550 jtg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for acrylamide in
wastewaters (19 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
CHS30.01.aij
5-29
-------
Table 5-7
Treatment Performance Data
for Aery lam id e in Wastewaters
Technology
WOx4
WO*
WOx
WOx
Technotogr
Scale
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
Facffit;
KD11/K013/
K014
1C011/K013/
K014
K011/KD13/
K014
KD11/K013/
K014
Detection
Limit
(MfLl
NR
MR
NR
NR
Range of
(fffLi
745,000-1,100,000
980,000
520,000-809,000
748,000
Nป.of
OtUt
Matt
4
7
. 3
2
Avenge
Effluent
0*0*
4450
680,000
380/100
165,000
Removal
W
99.46
NR
NR
NR
Reference
BOAT
BDAT
BOAT
BDAT
Data used in developing univcml standard.
NR *ป Not repotted
Source: .Reference'29.
NRW71
0705-02.nij
5-30
-------
Acrvlonitrile. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance data
were available for acrylonitrile, including data from the HAD and WERL databases, as
well as WAO data from literature. These data are presented in Table 5-8. Technologies
for which data are available include biological treatment (BT), activated sludge (AS),
activated sludge followed by filtration (AS+Fil), granular activated carbon (GAC), and
wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench- and fuil-
scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for acrylonitrile for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) . The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD'
promulgated limit A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by ..
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of .
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for acrylonitrile is biological treatment (BT). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 50 jig/L and the
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
acrylonitrile in wastewaters (0.24 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table
6-1-.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nrj
5-31
-------
Table 5-8
Treatment Performance Data
for Acrylonitrile in Wastewaters
Ti.nia^ *!ซ>
rccnnoiOgjr
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS x
AS
AS+Fd
GAC
81*
WOK
WOx[B]
WOx[B]
WOxlBj' .
Technology
State
Bench
FuU
Bench
Bench
Bench
FuU
FuU
Bench.
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Bench
Fadfcy
202D
6B
923D
923D
1QS4E
6B '
6B
10S4E
2536
Zintpto
236A
1054E.
1054E
Detection
Limit
'(Mfc)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
50
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Concentration
(W/L)
100000-1000000
; 1000-10000
1000000
100000-1000000
1000-10000
'10000-100000
100000-1000000
1000-10000
43496-414785
8060000
1000000
10000-100000
1000000
No. of
Data
Pomtt
NR
2
. 3
3
NR
33
15
NR
15
1
1
NR
NR
Average
Efiteeat
Coit^iM i^tioit
- 0ซg/W .
50.000
50.000
500.000
500.000
1200.000
50.000
50.000
1.500
50.000
80000.000
7200.000
900.000
10000.000
RoBOral
(*)
99.97
98.6
99.95
99.93
88
99.93
99.97
99.88
NR
99
99.91
99.1
99.4
||
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP |
wAO(Lrr) j
WERL J
WERL 1
WERL
Data used in developing univeRal standard.
-NR * Not repotted
Source: Reference 16. <
NRJ-071
0705-02.01)
5-32
-------
Benzene. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for benzene, including data from the EAD, BDAT, and WERL databases as
well as.PACTฎ data from literature. These data are presented in Table 5-9..
Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), aerobic-lagoons
followed by activated sludge (AL+AS), API oil/water separation followed by dissolved
air flotation and activated sludge (API + DAF+AS), activated sludge (AS), activated
sludge followed by filtration (AS+Fil), air stripping (AirS)rair stripping followed by
granular activated carbon (AirS+GAC), granular activated carbon (GAC), liquid/liquid
extraction (LL), liquid/liquid extraction followed by steam stripping (LL-f SS),
liquid/liquid extraction followed by steam stripping and activated carbon (LL+SS+AC),
powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACT*), reverse osmosis (RO),
steam stripping (SS), trickling filter systems (TF)i trickling filter systems followed by
activated sludge (TF+AS), ultrafiltration (UF), and wet air oxidation (WOx).. The
treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard, for benzene for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
. OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have, undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry. <
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather.
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
JW
-------
BOAT for benzene is steam stripping (SS). The universal standard was
calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 jtg/L and the HAD Option 1
variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for benzene in
wastewaters (0.14 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRI-071
5-34
-------
Table 5-9
Treatment Performance Data
for Benzene in Wastewaters
Technology.
AL
IAL
AL
AL
AL+AS
API+DAF+AS
AS.
AS
]_ป
P
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS '
AS .
AS
IAS
pkS+Fi!
Technology
State
Bench
FซU
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
Bench
. Beach
FuU
FuU
FuU
. FuU
FuU
FuU /
Bench
. FuU
FuU.
FuU
FuU
Bench
FuU
FuU
,FuU
FuU
Pilot
FuU
FuU
Facffity
371D
6B
IB
6B
233D
1482D
6B
200B
200B
IB
6B
IB
6B
6B
IB
2Q2D
6B
6B
6B
6B
200B
6B
234A
201B
IB
206B
234A.
6B
Detection
limit
<ซrW
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
fnAntnf
CooctfltratiOtts
fog/U
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
. 10000-100000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
100.1000
' 100-1000
100-1000
' 100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100000-1000000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
100-1000 .
0-100
0-100
, 0-100
0-100
100000-1000000
No. of
Data
Points
NR
2
6
2'
21
4 '
7
16
8
6
22
6
14
3
6
NR
3
27
3
28
16
15'
NR
10
6
20
NR
3
ATerage
EtTlttmt
Conccntntkw
Gi*/L> .
60.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
13.000
. 3.700
10.000
0.800
1.000
2.000
30.000
1.000
10.000
10.000
2.000
40.000
10.000
11.000.
10.000
10.000
0.500
10.000
0.600
6.000
16.000
0.200
0.700
' 20.000
Keceterr
W
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
' NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Removal
W
98
98.9
94.4
92.3
99.9
99.96
985 -
99.3
99.83
99
91.7
99 .55
95.7
95.6.
98.9
99.97
99.09
99.8
99.71
89.6
97.8
99.97
99.83
81
84-
99.73
97.4
99.99
}
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
, WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL,
WERL
WERL .
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
' WERL
WERL'
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0705-02.MJ
5-35
-------
Table 5-9
(Continued)
Technology
AirS
AiiS
AirS
AirS
AiiS
AirS +G AC
GAC
LL
LL
LL+SS
LL+SS+AC
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
RO
RO
RO
RO'
RO
ssป
ss*
ssซ
ss-
ss
ss
ss
Technology
Scale
Beach
Full
Pilot
Full
x Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Beach
Bench
Bench
Bench
Fall
Full'
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pac2ity
1328E
322B
' 224B
322B
1362E
229A
2458
K104
JC103
K103/
K104
K103/
K104
242E
200B
Zimpro
Zimpro
2SOB
2SOB
323B
250B
2SOB
0415
2680
1494
0415-
6B
6B
6B '
Detection
IJmfr
wu
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR -
NR
5
5
5
5
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10 .
10
10
10
NR
NR
NR .
Range of
Inflaenl
Concentration*
Gv/U
10000-100000
100.1000
100-1000*
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000*
4500-320000
32000-81000
4500-320000
4500-320000 .
0-100
100-1000
290
29
1000-10000
0-100
o-iobป
100-1000
100-1000
223XM810Q
34693-147212
239-2008310
27400CM12000
100000.1000000
100000-1000000
toooo-iooooo
No. of
Data
pj.f ,i1ป
frCttOIB
5
22
I
19
3
19
1
5
5
5
4
NR
12
1
1
NR
NR
1
NR
NR
4
10
13
3
3
12
2
AVGYSgQ
. Effluent
(MtU
9300.000
6.440
0500
52.000
1.000
1.000
.10.000
35600.000
3560.000
5.600,
19.000
5.000
0.700
1.000'
5.000
140.000
3.800
32.000
50.000
67.000
38500
10.000
44.8000
200.300
200.000
48.000
10.000
RecoTwy
(%)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
76.0
76.0
76.0
76.0
NR
i NR
NR
NR
NR
NR'.
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
Removal
<%)
90
99.74
99.67
98,7
. 99.09
90.9
99.28
NR
NR
NR .
NR
83
99.34
99.7
83
9L2
95.1
19
78
92.7
NR
NR '
NR
NR
99.94
99.99
99.97
Reference -
WERL
WERL
WERL
, WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT 1
BOAT ^j
WERL
WERL .
WAO (LIT)
WAO(LTI)
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OPSCP
EAD-OCPSP |
EAD-OCPSP
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL J
WERL J
NRJ-On
0705-02.MJ
5-36
-------
Table 5-9
(Continued)
Technology
ss
ss
TF
TF-t-AS
UF
WOx
WOx[Bl
WOx (B]
Technology
Scate
Full
- Full
. Full
Full
PUot
Full
Bench
Bench
Fatilitr
6B
251B
IB
6B
2SOB
242E
1054E
1QS4E
Detection
IJmit
(ซ/L) '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Concartntion
(Aซ/U
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
lOOpOO-1000000
Nซ. of
Data
Poma
10
, M>
5
3
NR
NR
NR
NR
Avenge
Eftfoart
CflneaaratioB
(^U
10.000
10.000
1.000
10.000
230.000
29.000
500.000
180000.000 ,
Recovery
(*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Removal
(*)
99.99
96.3
97.5
99.97 .
78
99.64
53 .
82
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
influent concentration was reported as between this range.
Not Reported.
Reference 16.
NRJ-071 ;
.07Q5-02.arj
5-37
-------
Bromodichloromethane. Treatment performance data for
bromodichloromethane were compiled from the WERL and NPDES databases and
PACTฎ data from literature. These data are presented in Table 5-10. Technologies for
which data are available include activated sludge (AS), air stripping (AirS),.biological
treatment (BT), chemical assisted clarification in conjunction with air stripping
(CAC+AirS), chemical oxidation (ChOx), powdered carbon addition to activated sludge
(PACTฎ), reverse osmosis (RO), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment
performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 0.030 jtg/L to 2,503.4 /*g/L.
BOAT for bromodichloromethane is reverse osmosis (RO). Reverse
osmosis was selected as BDAT because it represents full-scale data with a high influent
concentration range and high removal efficiency. Other full-scale data with high influent
concentrations did not achieve a lower effluent concentration. Lower effluent
concentrations were achieved using PACT8; however, these data represented bench-scale
studies and the Agency prefers the use of full-scale data, which show substantial
treatment^ over data from bench- or pilot-scale operations.
The universal standard for bromodichloromethane was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 61 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
bromodichloromethane in wastewaters (0.35 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown hi Table 6-1. .
NRJMJ71 . \
5-38
-------
Table 5-10
Treatment Performance Data
for Bromodichloromethane in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .-
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AS
AS
TechBotoff
Scale
NR
NR
NR
NR ..
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR. '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR- .
NR
NR
NR
NR
Full
Pilot
Facffity
PA0026662
LA0065501
LA0066214
UW3066435
PA0011371
NJ0060968
NY0094781
NJ00049S2
PA0026379.
LAOOOS983
PA0027049
NJD060968
NY00750I9
NY0074489
NY0108154
NY016S166
NY0007048
KY0003603
NY0007579
NY016S166
NY0107697
NY0007579
NY0007579
NY0007889
NY0024392
NY00270S7
.IB
206B
Detectioa
Limit
(fltfU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
'NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ranjeof
InfhuHt
CooeentntifMia
<ซ/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. . NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR ' .
'NR"
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0-100
' (MOO
No. of
Date
Points
2
6
15
12
8
1.
5
24 -
3
67
12
17
8
7
10
3
.9
I
1
1
3
6
4
8
5
28
2
20
ATent?
EUtoent
CoaccBtratige
o*x>
3.000
8.300
11.786
4.400-
1.000
1.800
.7.900
4.972
4.000
0.010
3.092
7.359
1500
uoo
1.100
1.000
1.000
5,000
4.000
1.000
8.300
3^00
2JOO
2503.400
- 2.160
15.000
6.000
0.200
femoral
(*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR"
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
71
99.78
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES -
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
. NPDES
WERL
WERL
NRj-on
OTQS-OZmj
5-39
-------
r
Table 5-10
(Continued)
Data used in developing univenal standard.
The influent concentration ma reported M between thia range.
NR ป Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
Technology
AirS
AiiS
AirS
AirS
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
CAOAiiS
ChOx
ChOx
PACT"
PACT*
RO ,
RO-
WOx
Technology
Scale
Pilot
' Pilot
Beach
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full .
Full
Full
Fait
Full
Beach
Beach
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
Full
Factbiy
225B
2138
1328E
210B
PA0026786
PA0008419
PA0026247
PAOOOB419
PA0026603
NY0079481
LA0038245
1833D
640E
640E
242E
Zimpio
180A
2508
242E
Detection
limit
0.130
1.000
v '37.000
1.000
286.000
8.000
4.000
122.667
4.000
6.411
. 5.190
0.030
3.000
1.000
20.000
20.000
0.110
61.000
500.000
Removal
. (%>
61
93.8
82
962
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' 90
89
95
96
96
79
91
99.95
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPPES ,
NPDES
NPDES 11
NPDES I
WERL |
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO(LTT)
WERL
WERL'
WERL
NRJ-071
070S-02.nrj
5-40
-------
Bromoform (Tribromomethane). Treatment performance data for
bromoform were compiled from the WERL and NPDES databases and are presented in
Table 5-11. Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL),
activated sludge (AS), air stripping (AirS), biological treatment (BT), chemically assisted
clarification (CAC), chemically assisted clarification in conjunction with air stripping
(CAC+AirS), reverse osmosis (RO), and trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment
performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 0.01 /*g/L to 201.0 fig/L.
BDAT for 'bromoform is reverse osmosis (RO). Reverse osmosis was
selected as BDAT since these data represent full-scale substantial treatment of a
wastewater with a high influent concentration by a demonstrated technology.
The universal standard for bromoform was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 110 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor, and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for bromoform in wastewaters
(0.63 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij
5-41
-------
Table 5-11
Treatment Performance Data
for Bromoform (Tribromomethane) in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
BT
BT.
CAC
CACi-AirS
ROป
TF .
TF
Technology
Scale
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR ,
NR
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
Pilot
Full
\ Pilot
Pilot
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Facility
KY0003603
LA0005983
PA0011371
NV0108154
AZ0000108
AZD000108
AZ0000108
LA006S501
LA0066435
LAQ066214
NJ0028291
NY0165166
203A
203A .
IB
203A
240A
Detection
finift
(ซ/L)
NR '-
NR
NR,
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
NR
1328E ! . NR
434B
434B
369A
PA0008419
LA0038245
203A
1833D
250B
240A
203A
'NR
NR
.' NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR'
NR
Range of
Influent
Concentrations
(rt/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0-100
0-100
0-100*
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
. 1000-10000
0-100
NR
NR
100-1000
0-100
10000-100000
0-100
0-100
Noซ o*
Data
Points
1
66
8
8
11
11
11
6
13
15
2
4
14
14
1
14
13
5
4
4
NR
11
38
14
5
NR
13
14
. Average
Effluent
Concentration
G*/L)
; 5.000
. 0.010
1.000
1.750
5.455
1.336
4.109
. 8.300
4.000
11.786
1.000
2.000
15.000
22.000
4.000
29.000
14.000
79.000
8.600
59.000
~ 8.800
201.000
5.440
114.000
0.100
110.000
10.000
41.000
Removal
(*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
83
76
90.5
68
76
71
' 99
97
84
NR
NR
0
75
99.6
83
54 .
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL'
WERL
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR ป Not reported . .
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
070S-02.nrj
5-42
-------
Bromomethane (Methyl bromide). Treatment performance data for
bromomethane were compiled from the WERL and NPDES databases and are
presented in Table 5-12. Technologies for which data are available include activated
sludge (AS) and biological treatment (BT). The treatment performance data represent
full-scale technologies and the resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 1 pg/L to
20Mg/L. -' ' -
BOAT for bromomethane is activated sludge biological treatment (AS).
Activated sludge was selected as BDAT since these data represent substantial treatment
by a full-scale technology with high influent concentrations and a high removal efficiency.
The universal standard for bromomethane was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 20 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for bromomethane in
wastewaters (0.11 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-IV
0630-01.MJ
5-43
-------
Table 5-12
Treatment Performance Data
for Bromomethane (Methyl Bromide) in Wastewaters
V AM fcll Illlil^
leCB&Qlvgj
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AS*
A?
BT
Technology
Scaie
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Full
Full
Full
Facffitjr
LA006643S
LA0066214
PA001I371
LA006SS01
NJ0028291
IB
IB
LA003824S
Detection
Limit
to/u
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
ConcfiUrafiont
WW
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
100-1000
100-tOOO
NR
No. of
Date
Points .
12
15
9
6
2
5
2
38
ATerao
EffbMBt
OmecntratiM
W/U
5.600
11.786
1.000
10.000
1.000
20.000
20.000
9.868
Renoval
(*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
82
82
NR
RcfteFcncft
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL'
WERL"
NPDES
.'Data used in developing universal standard
NR ป Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
07QS-02.aij
5-44
-------
n-Butanol. Treatment performance data for n-butanol were compiled from
the WERL database and industry-submitted leachate treatment performance data and
are presented in Table 5-13. Technologies for which' data axe available include activated
sludge (AS) and biological treatment (BT), The treatment performance data represent
full-scale technologies; the resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 40 /*g/L to 2000
BOAT for n-butanol is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BOAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted leachate data for
biological treatment showed substantial treatment of n-butanol and (2) the Agency
believes that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely
.achieved by industry. ' <
' \
The universal standard for n-butanol was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 2000 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for n-butanol in wastewaters
(5.6 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-14.
NRJ-071
063
-------
Table 5-13
Treatment Performance Data
for n-Butanol in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
BP
Technology
Scale
Full
NR
Facflfcy
1168E
CWM
Detection
' Limit
.
99.79
28J7
Reference
WERL
LEACHATE1
'Data used in developing universal sundard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.01}
5-46
-------
Carbon disulfide. Treatment performance data for carbon disulfide,
presented in Table 5-14, were compiled from the NPDES database, industry-submitted
leachate data, and data submitted in comments to the proposed rule by the Chemical
Manufacturers Association's Carbon Disulfide Task Force. The technologies for which
data are available are biological treatment (BT), neutralization (Neut), activated sludge
followed by chemically assisted clarification (AS + CAC), and aerobic lagoons followed
by neutralization (AL + Neut). The resulting average effluent concentrations ranged
from 5 pg/L to 15,167 /*g/L.
BOAT for carbon disulfide is activated sludge followed by chemically
\ ' '
assisted clarification (AS + CAC). Activated sludge followed by chemically assisted
/ '
clarification was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) the data submitted by the
Chemical Manufacturers Association's Carbon Disulfide Task Force for activated sludge
followed by chemically assisted clarification showed an influent concentration over 3,700
pg/L (i.e., high influent concentration) and greater than 98% removal through treatment
of carbon disulfide, and (2) the Agency believes that these data are representative of
effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry. The activated sludge followed
by chemically assisted clarification data were used in preference to the neutralization .
data submitted by the Chemical Manufacturers Association's Carbon Disulfide Task
i
Force because the Agency believes that neutralization treatment alone is not an
applicable treatment technology for carbon disulfide. '
The universal standard for carbon disulfide was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 628 pg/L and appropriate variability and accuracy correction factors.
The calculation of the resulting universal standard for carbon disulfide in wastewaters
(3.8 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.aij
5-47
-------
Table5-14
Treatment Performance Data
for Carbon Bisulfide in Wastewaters
Tecfanotoay
NR
BT
BT.
Neut
Neut
Neut
Neut
AS+CAC
AL+Neut
TechBolocf
Scafe
NR .
NR
NR
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
fmaOtf
NY0000345
EMELLE
BFI
A (Plant 1)
B (Plant 1)
B (Plant 2)
B (Plant 3)
c .
* B .
Limit
(ซ/L)F
NR
5
5
13
NR
"NR
51
NR
NR
Range of
(ซ/L>
NR
10
260
NR
17,000-140,000
NR
14,00046,000
. 3,700-92,000
NR
* Nbi of
Data
PoattV
2
1
1
24
6
3
4
14
9
Arente
; EHtoert
CoBCTiiumiuat
(ซt^:
55
5
5
4335.1
15,167
14,667
51
628
73
Ranorat
(ป> ^
NR
50
98.07
NR
74.6
NR
99.8
98J
NR
. NPDES
LEACHATE
LEACHATE
CMA .
CMA
CMA
CMA
CMA*
CMA |j
'Data used in developing univenal ttandazd.
NR 3 Not reported'
Source: Reference* 16 and 27.
NRJMm
07QS-02.MJ
5-48
-------
Carbon tetrachloride. Treatment performance data for carbon
tetrachloride were compiled from the WERL database, BOAT. Solvents (F001-F005)
Rule data, and WAO and PACTฎ data from literature. These data are presented in
Table 5-15. Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL),
activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by filtration (AS+Fil), air stripping
(AirS), biological treatment (BT), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), granular
activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge
(PACT*), reverse osmosis (RO), supercritical oxidation (SCOx), steam stripping (SS),
trickling filter systems (TF), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance
data represent bench-, pilot, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 0.200 /*g/L to 12,000 pg/L. .. .
BOAT for carbon tetrachloride is biological treatment (BT). Biological
treatment was selected as BDAT because it represents full-scale data developed from
BAD sampling and was used as part of the BDAT Solvents (F001-F005) Rule. As
/'',*
explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the BOAT database rather
than other data sources (with the exception of the BAD database) since data generated
as part of the BDAT program follow EPA protocols for sampling and analysis
procedures. The effluent concentration achievable by this technology is supported by
similar effluent concentrations from the SS and GAC treatment performance data..
The universal standard for carbon tetrachloride. was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 10 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for carbon
tetrachloride in wastewaters (0.057 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1. . .
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.tuj
5-49
-------
Table 5-15
Treatment Performance Data
for Carbon Tetrachloride in Wastewaters
Technalogjr
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS ;
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fu
AS + Fil
AirS
BTV
BT
CAC
GAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
PACT
RO
SCOx
ss
ss
TF
;
TF
Technology
Scale
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Bench
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Fall
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
FadBr
203A
203A
203A
IB
206B
97SB
202D
68
241B
240A
6B
68
1328E
P225
F001-
F005
203A
1264B
237A
242E
Zimpio
Zimpro
323B
65D
251B
251B
203A
240A*
Detection
IJmit
(f&lX
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
;NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Cooeentraoen*
84 .
.78
81
88
99.67
94.8
9932
96.7
9&3
90.7 ,
99.09
99.96
89
NR
94.2
,0
87
89
98J
99.9
98 S
98
96J
99.99
99r41
62
90.7
Reference .
WERL
WERL
WERL
. WERL .
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BDAP*
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO(LTT)
WAO (LIT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0705-02.nij
,5-50
-------
Table 5-15
(Continued)
Teeanoiogjr
WOx
WOx
Technology
Scab
Bench
Full
FatiBty
Zirapro
242E
Detection
Limit
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Caat!^m
4330000
loobopo
No. of
Data
. Ponts
1
NR
Avengt.
Effluent
Caacentratioa
12000.000
, 2000.000
Rano^
99.7
99.92
Reference
WAO (LIT)
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard
*EAD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Document
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not Reported. >
Source: Reference 16. ' '
0705-02-aij
5-51
-------
Chlorobenzene. Treatment performance data for chlorobenzene were
compiled from the WERL database, BOAT Solvents (F001-F005) Rule data, and PACTฎ
and WAO data from literature.: These data are presented in Table 5-16. Technologies
for which data are available include aerobic fixed film (AFF), aerobic lagoons (AL),
s - '
activated sludge (AS), air stripping (AirS), biological granular activated carbon (BGAC),
biological treatment (BT), biological treatment followed by activated carbon (BT+AC),
granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon addition to activated
sludge (PACTฎ), reverse osmosis (RO), steam stripping (SS), and wet air oxidation
(WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.250 /ig/L to 1,550,000 pg/L.
f\
BOAT for chlorobenzene is biological treatment (BT). Biological
treatment was selected as BDAT because it represents full-scale data developed from
ฃAD sampling and was used as part of the BDAT Solvents (F001-F005) Rule. As
explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the BDAT database rather
than other data sources (with the exception of the HAD database) since data generated
as part of the BDAT program follow EPA protocols for sampling and analysis
procedures. The effluent concentration achievable by this technology is supported by
similar effluent concentrations from the AS and PACT* treatment performance data.
The universal standard for chlorobenzene was calculated using an effluent
.concentration of 10 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
. ! ' -
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for chlorobenzene in
wastewaters (0.057 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
0630-Ol.nq
5-52
-------
Table 5-16
Treatment Performance Data
for Chlorobenzene in Wastewaters
Tedmotogf/
AFF
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AiiS
AiiS
BGAC
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT1
BT*AC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
PACT*
PACT*
Techaotecr
Scale
Bench
Bench
Bench
Beach
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench '
Full
Full
Full
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
Full
.FuU
FuU
Bench
Fatiftr
S01A
371D
200B
200B
975B
.68
200B
975B
975B
IB
206B\
241B
975B
1328E
1328E
S01A
P206
P246
P263
F001-FOQS
P202
P246
2458
245B
237A
1421D
6B
200B
Detection
ijrnfr
(j&L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Coaceotratmf
. . (M/D
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000 '
100-1000
100-1000
. 100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100,1000
100-1000
ioo-ioiป
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
0-100
92*49775
10-3040
443432
'1900
7*429
10-7200
100-1000*
1000-10000*
100040000'
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
No. of
Data
ป , a
roan
9
NR
12
6
NR
. 4.
8
NR
NR
6
20
5
NR
5
S
23
8
- 13
3
1
20
16
1
- 1
1
NR
4
11
Avenge
Efflnart
(M/U
1.000
- 160.000
1.100
1300
6.000
10.000
0.200
10.000
6.000
. 3.000
. 1.300
4.000
12.000
1800.000 "
3300.000
0.290
841.000
lOliOOO
S04.'000
12.000
10.000
30.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
0.250
10.000
0.800
Removal
(*>
. 90.7
. 94.7
. 99,17.
99.81
94.6
98.9
99 .23
94.6
84 '
98.9
9934
98.6
97.8
77
89
97.6
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
96.6
,99.7 .
99.17
56
99J8
9937
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL .
' WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
BOAT!
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT1*
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
' NRJ-071
0705-02.nij
5-53
-------
Table 5-16
(Continued)
(
Technology
PACT*
FACT*
RO
RO
RO
ss
WOx
WOx
Tซdmotogy
Seal*
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
FuU
FuU
Bench
Bench
Facffitr
242E
Zimpro
323B
250B
2SOB
2S1B
Zunpro
Zunpio
DeteetMML
Limit
0*1-)
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
wu
0-100
31
o-ioo*
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
5535000
792000
No. of
Data
Patois
NR
1
1
NR
NR
10
1
1
Average
Effluent
Coaceatntioa
WLl
5.000
5.000
12.000
- 4.000
120.000
10.000
1550000.000
61000.000
Removal
{%>
84
84
50
53
91.6
97.4
72
923
Refenac*
WERL
WAO (LIT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO(LTI)
WAO(LJI)
*Diti used in developing univenal staadud. .
kEAD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-P005 Background Document
'The influent concentration was reported a* between this range.
NR * Not reported .. '
'Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.nrj
5-54
-------
2-Chioro-U-butadiene. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for 2-cnloro-l,3-butadiene from any of the examined sources. Therefore,
treatment performance data were transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that hexachlorobutadiene is the most appropriate constituent from which
to transfer treatment performance data to 2-chloro-l,3-butadiene. The treatment
performance data for hexachlorobutadiene are presented in Table 5-99. The transfer of
treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for 2-chloro-l,3-
butadiene of activated sludge followed by filtration (AS+Fil). The universal standard for
2-chloro-l,3-butadiene wastewaters (0.057 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in
Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-01.01)
5-55
-------
Chlorodibromomethane. Treatment performance data for
chlorodibromomethane were compiled from the WERL and NPDES databases and are
presented in Table 5-17. Technologies for which data are available include activated
' ' (
sludge (AS), air stripping (AirS), biological treatment (BT), chemically assisted
clarification followed by air stripping- (CAC+ AirS), granular activated carbon (GAC),
and reverse osmosis (RO). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot, and
full-scale studies.. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.010 /*g/L to
2503.370
BOAT for chlorodibromomethane is carbon adsorption. Granular
activated carbon (GAC) was selected as BOAT for two reasons: (1) the GAC data
represent full-scale' treatment by a demonstrated technology and (2) the Agency believes
that' these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry.
i i
The universal standard for chlorodibromomethane was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 10 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
chlorodibromomethane in wastewaters (0.057 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij 5-56
-------
Table 5-17
Treatment Performance Data
for Chlorodibromo methane in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .'
NR
NR
NR '
1 NR
| NR
1 MR
|AS
1
| AirS
II.AirS
BT
CAOAirS
GAO
RO
Technology
Scale
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' . NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Faeffity
NJ0028291
NY0007889
A20000018
KY0003603
PA0011371
PA0026379
PA0026662
PA0027049
LA0005983
AZ0000108
AZ0000108
206B
213B
1328E
PA0008419
1833D
237A
180A
Detection
Unit
frt/U
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
- NR
NR
NR
NR
NR,
NR
NR ;
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
CoiiCHUrftttous
(Mgfc)
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
'.NR
NR
0-100
0-100*
100-1000
NR'
0-100
0-100*
0-100
No. of
Data
Points
2
8
11
1
8
3
2
13
66
11
11
.20
1
5
14
6
1
NR
Average '
Effbuat
Qmeentratioa .
1.000
2503.370
11.000
5.000
1.000
2.300
2.000
21.839
0.010
1.000
1.491
7.000
1.000
50.000
86.000
0.070
10.000
0.110
Reaunti
(*)
, NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
88
80
' 78
NR '
96.3
52
79
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES >
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
WERL
WERL'
WERL
'Data used in developing univenai aandaid.
The influent concentration wai repotted at between thit range.
MR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.nrj
5-57
-------
Chloroethane. ""reatment performance data for chloroethane were
compiled from the EAD an f/ERL databases and are presented in Table 5-18. .
Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge
(AS), powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ), and steam
stripping (SS), with all of the treatment performance data representing full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for chloroethane for the following reasons:
(1) The. EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries: therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of -
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
\
BDAT for chloroethane is steam stripping (SS). The universal standard
ซ * " '
was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 50 pg/L and the EAD
Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
chloroethane in wastewaters (0.27 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1.
NRJ-071 -
o63W)i.mi ' 5-58 *
-------
Table 5-18
Treatment Performance Data
for Chloroethane in Wastewaters
Tecbnlosy
AL
AS.
AS
AS
PACT*
SSป
SS1
ss
SS
Technology
Scale
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
/ Full
FadBty
IB
IB
IB
6B
6B
913
415T
6B
NR
Detection
Omit
(ft/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
50
50 '
NR
NR
Range of
laflnst
- 0*U
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
50-47700
69
30
0
0
87
96.8
NR
NR
99.88
99.75
RefenDee
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
^^at
used in developing universal standard.
NR ป Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.01} ,
5-59
-------
2-Chloroethvl vinyl ether. Treatment performance data available for
. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether were compiled from the NPDES database and are. presented in
Table 5-19. The technology for which data are available is full-scale biological treatment
(BT) and full-scale coagulation followed by sedimentation (COAG+Sed). The resulting
effluent concentrations ranged from 1 to 12.1 jtg/L.
BDAT for 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether is biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT since the available data represent full-scale
treatment and a low effluent concentration value. The Agency believes that these data
are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether was calculated using an
average effluent concentration of 10.8 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting .universal standard for 2-
chloroethyl vinyl ether in wastewaters (0.062 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij
5-60
-------
Table 5-19
Treatment Performance Data
for 2-Chloroethyl Vinyl Ether in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
BT
COAG+Sed
TedtMriao
Scale
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Full
Full
Facflitr
NJ0028291
LA0066214
LA006643S
MI0045543
LA006S501
KY0003603
/LA0038245
PA0013129
Detecting
Lao*
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR-
Range of
Infant
CoatcBtntiont
(Mg/L>
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Date
Pmutft
2
15
13"
10
6
1
37
1
Avenge
EffiMOt
Co0CCBtTAttO&
wu
1.000
12.143
6.000
1.900
; 10.000
10.000
10.811
10.000
RemoTal
(%)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES4
NPDES
^^miw
used in developing univenal sundard.
Not reported
: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02-mj .
5-61
-------
Chloroform. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance data
were available for chloroform including data from the EAD and WERL databases and
WAO and PACTฎ data from literature. These data are presented in Table 5-20.
Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge
(AS), activated sludge followed by filtration (AS + Fil), air stripping (AirS), chemically
assisted clarification '(CAC), chemically assisted clarification in conjunction with air
stripping (CAC+AirS), chemical oxidation (ChQx), granular activated carbon (GAC),
powdered activated carbon addition .to activated sludge (PACTฎ), reverse osmosis (RO),
supercritical oxidation (SCOx), steam stripping (SS), trickling filter systems (TF), and wet
i r ^
air oxidation (WQx). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-
scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for chloroform for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data wr:- used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgate.: SAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry. .
As explained in Section 43, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for chloroform is. steam stripping (SS). The universal standard was
calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 12.2 pg/L and the EAD Option
NRJ-071
063O41.ni) 5-62
-------
1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for chloroform in
-wastewaters (0.046 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-01.01)
5-63
-------
Table 5-20
Treatment Performance Data
for Chloroform in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
Technology
Scale
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Fufl
Fall
Full
Full
Pilot
'Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Facility
1607B
IB
263A
14LA
1607B
1607B
203A
IB
6B
IB
6B
202D
234A
IB
375E
IB
97SB
234A
234A
6B
238A
1607B
1607B.
206B
375E
1587E
241B
234A
Detection
lout
(M/D
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
fnfhMnt
Concentration
G*/U
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
loo-toop
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100.1000
10000-100000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
No. of
Data
Points
3
6
14
NR
2
. 3
14
3
7
S
3-
NR
NR
6
7
6
NR
NR
NR
3
3
3
2
20
7
NR
5
NR
Average
Efflnest
ConccDtrafiofi
(W/L)
9.000
26.000
53.000.
16.000
, 10.000
130.000
31.000
20.000
30.000
6.000
10.000
200.000
1-200
21.000
1.000
59.000
2.000
2JOO
0.500
10.000
' 2.400
50.000
40.000
3.600
20.000
1.600
44.000
1.300
Removal
(*)
90.1
96.8
61
923
71.4
86
77
80
77
86
97.7
99.43
61
62
75
51
93.8
72
98.4
98.2
46
86
96.9
97.4
'78
65
85
84
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
. WERL
WERL
' WERL'
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL,
NRJ-071
0705-02. nij
5-64
-------
Table 5-20
(Continued)
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS .' '
AS+RI
AS+Fil
AirS
AirS
AirS
AiiS '
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
.AirS
CAC
CAOAirS
ChOx
CliQit
ChOx
(ozone)
ChOx
(ozone) '
OAC
Tedmologjr
Scale
Pilot
FuU
FuQ
FuU .
Pilot
Full
FuU
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
Pilot
Beach
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Pud
Bench
Bench
Pilot '
Pilot
FuU
Facffily
203A
6B
201B
234A
240A
6B
6B
1328E
369A
213B
1328E
225B
17A
17A
17A
17A
210B
17A '
1328E
434B
203A
1833D
640E
640E
331D
331D
1264B
Detection
Limit
wu
NR'
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR' '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR'
NR
NR
Range of
(nflMBt
f in IT ! * MM iii n In
t-fliigqHf -fffMMql
0ซ/U
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
'o-too
0-100 .
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
0-100
0-100' -
toooo-iooooo
0-100*
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000*
100-1000
. 100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000*
0-100
0-100
0-100
No. of
Data
Point*
14
27
29
NR
V*'
3
14
5
NR
1 ,
. 5
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
5
.4
14
25
. 2
- 1
NR
NR
NR
Average .
Efflnart
Concenirattoa
?: (MfU
18.000
19.000
38.000
1JOO
2.000
10.000
10.000
16000.000
1.400
13.000
4400.000
0.130
2.600
110.000
3.900
4.200
1.000
3.700
34.000
41.000
106.000
0.200
.7.000
3.000
46.000
2.800
1.000
Removal
(*)
87
98.7
53
65
98
99.41
95.8
93.1
98J
77
83'
98.9
96.9
91.7
88
98.6
99.2
98.6
84
' 98
22
89
96
99
37.
35 ,
87
Rercrcnc*
WERL
WERL
r-
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0705-02.nq
5-65
-------
Table 5-20
(Continued)
TeduMtojy
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
FACT*
PACT* ,
PACT*
RO
RO
RO
SCO*
ss*
SS1
ss
SS
ss
ss
TF
TF
TF
WOx
WOx
Technology
Sfflfr
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
FuU
Pilot
FuU
'Full
Full
FuU .
FuU,
FuU
Pilot
FuU
Pilot
Bench
f>aปiifc
"^"im
Facffity
331D
24SB
237A '
245B
242E
Zmpro
ZUnpro
180A
250B
2SOB
65D
415T
913
6B
6B
2S1B
251B
240A
IB
203A
Zu&pco
T-iH^pffl
Detection
Unit
(rt/U
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR-
MR
NR
NR
NR
10
10 .
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Rangtof
laOatat
Cencoiintiaas
-------
Chloromethane. Three sources of wastewater treatment performance data
were available for chloromethane, including-data from the BAD, WERL and NPDES
databases. These data are presented in Table 5-21. Technologies for which data are
available include activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by filtration (AS +Fil), -
biological treatment .(BT),.sedimentation followed by filtration (SED+Fil), and steam
stripping (SS), with ail of the treatment performance data representing full-scale, studies.
N
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for chloromethane for the following reasons:
(1) The BAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by BAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The BAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an BAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated BAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the BAD database rather .
than other data sources since the BAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for chloromethane is steam stripping (SS). The universal standard
was calculated using the BAD median long-term average of SO pg/L and the BAD
Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
chloromethane in wastewaters (0.19 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in.
Table 6-1.
0630-01.mj
5-67
-------
Table 5-21
\
Treatment Performance Data
for Chloromethane in Wastewaters
TaHmntngy
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR ,
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fd
BT
BT
BT
BT
Sed+FU
Tecbaoiegr
Scale
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR ,
NR
NR
Fufl
Fun
Fun
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU '
Fadfitjr
CT0000434
KY0003514
PA0011371.
LA0004057
MA0005304
IL0001627
NY0202061
NY0075937
NY000860S
NJOQ28291
MD000034S
KY0003603
WV0004740
OH0025461
SC0001180
LA0066214
LA0066435
LA0065S01
TX0007439
IB
IB
IB
6B
> KY0002I19
LA0038245
PA0026689
WV0023116
PA0010502
Detection
Limit
wu
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Rugeof
InflMHt
(ra/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR'
NR
NR
NR
NR
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
' 0-100
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Data
Points
5
1
9
22
"21
9
29
13
13
2
1
1
1
2
40
15
12
6
42
6
5
5
7
1
38
2
18
26
Avenge
Effluent
wu
22.600
6.000
1.000
12JOO
10.048
9.333
1.000
20.769
6/400
1.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
21.700
8.974
11.786
6-500
10.000 .
1500
110.000
11.000
91.000.
' 50.000
10.000
10.263
12.100
16.111
1308
RentOTal
(%>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
66
96.3
75
39
NR
NR.
NR-
NR
NR
Reference
NPDBS
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES '
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES'
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERT,
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0705-02.MJ
5-68
-------
Table 5-21
(Continued)
Technology
SS-
ss
SS
Technology
State
Full
Full
Full
FaaBt!
725
6B
2S1B
Detection
Limit
<**/L>
50
NR
NR
Rang* of
InflncBt
Concentrations
(M/U
9440-1290000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
No. of
Data
POIBJA
13
..u
10
Avtragc
Efflnent
Coaccntraboa
0ซ/L)
923.100 .
50.000
. 5.000
RanoTal
(%>
NR
99.96
99.99
Reference
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR - Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.MJ
5-69
-------
3-ChloroproDene. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for 3-chloropropene from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that cis-l,3-dichloropropene is the most appropriate constituent from
which to transfer treatment performance data to 3-chloropropene. The treatment
performance data for cis-l,3-dichloropropene are presented in Table 5-28. The transfer
of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for 3-
chloropropene of activated sludge biological treatment (AS). The universal standard for
3-chloropropene wastewaters (0.036 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in
Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij 5-70
-------
lyZ-Dibronio-3-chloroDropane. No wastewater treatment performance data
were available for l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane from any of the examined sources.
Treatment performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a
constituent judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional
groups. The Agency believes that bromomethane is the most appropriate constituent
from which to transfer treatment performance data to l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. The
treatment performance data for bromomethane are presented in Table 5-12. The
transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in,a BOAT for 1,2-
dibromo-3-chloropropane of activated sludge biological treatment (AS). The universal
standard for l^-dibromo-3-chloropropane wastewaters (0.11 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1. .
NRI-071
063OOl.ni]
5-71
-------
Dibromomethane. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for dibromomethane from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that brbmomethane is the most appropriate constituent from which to
transfer treatment performance.data to dibromomethane., The treatment performance
data for bromomethane are presented in Table 5-12. The transfer of treatment
performance data from this constituent results in a BDAT for dibromomethane of
activated sludge biological treatment (AS). The universal standard for dibromomethane
wastewaters (0.11 mg/L) is discussed hi Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071 " - .
0630-fll.aij I 5-72
-------
Dichlorodifluoromethane. Treatment performance data for
dichiorodifluoromethane were compiled from the WERL and NPDES databases and are
presented in Table, 5-22. The technology for which data are available is full-scale
activated sludge biological treatment .(AS), with a resulting effluent concentration of
BOAT for dichiorodifluoromethane is activated sludge biological treatment
(AS). Activated sludge was selected as BDAT since this was the only demonstrated
technology representing substantial treatment of dichiorodifluoromethane for which data
were available. The Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values
that can be routinely achieved by industry.
i
The universal standard for dichiorodifluoromethane was calculated using
an effluent concentration of 40 /*g/L and, the appropriate Variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
dichiorodifluoromethane in wastewaters (0.23 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.otj J~ IJ
-------
Table 5-22
Treatment Performance Data
for Dichlorodifluoromethane in Wastewaters
"Pgc&lioiggy
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
AS"
Technology
Scate
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
FuU
Facflity
A20000108
AZ0000108
AZ0000108
NY0166S11
NYOOM534
NJ0028291
IB
Detection
Limit
(W/U
-. NR
NR
NR
:NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Cm i !> 1 nil . i .
ooccDmmo&s
, te/W
MR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
0-100
No. of
Date
Points
1 11
11
11
- 2
5
.2
- 4 '
'Average
Effluent
Cd&ctttratiiMi
(ซ/L>
. 0.846
1.000
1.000
7500
1.000
1.000
40.000
Removal
(*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
33
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL'
Data used-in developing universal standard.
NR = Not repotted
Source; Reference 16.
NRJ-071
5-74
-------
1.1-Dichioroethane. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for 1,1-dichloroethane, including data from the HAD and WERL
databases and PACTฎ .data from literature. These data are presented in Table 5-23.
Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge
(AS), air stripping (AirS), air stripping followed by granular activated carbon
(AirS+GAC), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), granular activated carbon (GAC),
powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACT9), reverse osmosis (RO),
steam stripping (SS), and trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data
represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
. used to determine the universal standard for 1,1-dichloroethane for the following
reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
. sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
.(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
' promulgated limit A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for 1,1-dichloroethane is steam stripping (SS). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 pg/L and the
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
NKMm
0630-01.MJ
-------
1,1-dichloroethane in wastewaters (0.059 rag/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-L
063Ml.mj
-------
Table 5-23
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,1-Dichloroethane in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AirS
AirS
AirS +G AC
CAC
OAC
GAC
PACT*
RO
RO
RO
SS"
ss
ss
TF
TF
Technology
Scale
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Bench
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
.Pilot
Pita* -
r9PBxtj
203A
203A
1 IB
203A
240A
??;iป
1362E
229A
203A
'1362E
1264B
Zirapro
2SOB
2SOB
2508
913
2S1B
6B
240A
203A
Detection
Limit
0ซf/U
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
InfhKBt
ConecntntiaaB
fj*/U
100-1000
100-1000
0-100 '
100-1000
0-100
0-100*
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
640
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100 -
3400-13900
10000-100000
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
No. of
Data
Points'
14
14
2
.14.
14
1
3
'. 19
14
NR
NR
1
NR
NR
NR
14
10
2
14
14.
.Average
Effluent
ConftBtfulnu
Ug/L)
19.000
45.000
10.000
8.000
2.000
OJOO
630.000
1.000
111.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
84.000
64.000
3.000.
10.000
10.000
10.000
" 7.000
94.000
RemoTai
(%}
87
' 69
88 /
94.4
975
yjs .
. 75
97.4 .
23
99.97
80
99.8
92.4
89
95.4
NR .
99.9
99.9,
913
35
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO-(LTT) .
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
, WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.'
NRJ-OTi
0705-02.nrj
5-77-
-------
1.2-Dichloroethane. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for 1,2-dichloroethane, including data from the EAD and WERL
databases and PACTฎ and WAO data from literature. These data are presented in
Table 5-24. Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL),
aerobic lagoons followed by activated sludge (AL+AS), activated sludge (AS), activated
sludge followed by filtration (AS+Fil), air stripping (AirS), chemically assisted
clarification (CAC), powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ),
reverse osmosis (RO), steam stripping (SS), trickling filter systems (TF), and wet air
oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-
. scale studies. . .. .
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
v^
used to determine the universal standard for 1,2-dichloroethane for the following
reasons: :
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries;'therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The EAJO data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 43, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for 1,2-dichloroethane is steam stripping (SS). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 25.6 pg/L and the
NRJ-071
063WU.1UJ 5-78
-------
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
1,2-dichloroethane in wastewaters (0.21 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1.
NRJWl
0630-Ol.aij
5-79
-------
Table 5-24
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,2-Dichloroethane in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AL
AL
AL+AS
AS "
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+FU
AซS'
AiiS
CAC
PACT*
RO
RO
RO
RO
ssซ
ss-
ss
ss
Technology
Seal*
Pilot
Full
Pilot ,
Full
Riot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot .
Full
Full
Bench
. Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot .
Beach >
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Facility
203A
IB
203A
233D
203A
2418
IB
6B
240A
6B
375E
202D
IB
6B
6B
6B
322B
322B
203A
Zimpro
2SOB
250B
323B
* 2SOB
415T
913
281B
6B
Detection
IJmit
wu
NR
NR
NR
NR ,
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
10
NR
NR
. Rant* of
Influent
0*flL> -
100-1000
1000-10000
'100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
210
1000-10000
0-100
0-100*
100-1000
2339900-2347600
172000-327000
1000000
1000000
No. of
Data
Point.
14
6
14
.21
14
3
6
3
13
25
7
NR
6
13
12
3
5
5
14
1
NR
NR
1
NR
15
, W
10
is
AVWSJB
Effluent
CoaccBtntiim
(ttfU
15.000
. '10.000
45.000
8.000
22.000
140.000
4400.000
12.000
5.000
29.000
74.000
3700.000
1800.000.
94.000
15.000
1200.000
55.000
189.000
109.000
1.000
350.000
13.000
32.000
43.000
- 56.100
73.300
97.000
56.000
Removal
W
90.2
99.75
71
99.67
86
57
33
98.1
94.3
98.6
. 82
98.6
89
84
98J
98.5
89
91.8
29
99.5
84
79
37
76
NR
NR
99.99
99.99
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
' WERL
WAO(LTT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
EAD-OCPSP
NRMS71
0705-02.MJ
5-80
-------
Table 5-24
(Continued)
Technology
SS
TF
TF
TF
WOx
WOx [B]
Technology
. Scale <
FuU
Pilot .
FuU
PUot
Beach
Beach
Facffitr
6B
240A '
375E
203A
Zintpro
10S4E
Detection
Linrit
0*/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
CoocemratiHis
(M/L>
100000-1000000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
6280000
1000000
No. of
Data
m..f mm,
roans
2
13
7 .
14
1
NR
, Arซrage
Efflaent
CooccpEtntiott
f^L)
50.000
12.000
45.000
- 93.000
13000.000
230000.000
ROBOT*!
(%)
99.98 '
86
65
39
99.8
93.6
Reference
WERL
WERL,
WERL
WERL
WAO (LFT)
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was repotted as between this range.
NR a Not reported'
Source: Reference 16.
.NRJ-071
0705-02.nrj
5-81
-------
l.l-Dichloroethvlene. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for 1,2-dkhloroethylene, including data from the EAD and WERL
databases. These data are presented in Table 5-25. Technologies for which data are
available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), air stripping (AirS),
chemically assisted clarification (CAC), granular activated carbon (GAC), reverse
osmosis (RO), steam stripping (SS), and trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment
performance data represent pilot- and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for 1,1-dichloroethylene for the following
reasons: . ,
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have.received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment, performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for 1,1-dichloroethylene is steam stripping (SS). The universal .
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 pg/L and the.
**"".*
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
1,1-dichloroethylene in wastewaters (0.025 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
5-82
-------
Table 5-2S
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,1-LHchIoroethylene jn Wastewaters
Technology
AL.
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
ซ
L
1AS
AirS
AirS
AirS
.AirS
AirS
AiiS
CAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
RO
RO
RO
SS
ss
-
| ssซ .
Technology
Scale
Pilot
Pilot
Full
PHot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
-Full
Pitot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Fun
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Facility
203A
203A
6B
206B
201B
203A
IB
6B
IB
240A
6B
217B
222B
1362E
1344E
1139E
1139E
203A
237A
1264B
1139E
250B
250B
250B
251B
. 6B
6B
415T
Detection
Lomt
\&u
NR
NR
MR
NR
' NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
' NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
10
Ranee of
Inftnest
COHCfflt HilMM
0*/L>
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100*
0-100*
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100*
.0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
200-10800
No. of
Data
Points
14
/ 14
3
20
2
14
2
22
.2
12
3
1
1
3
NR
ซ '
2
14
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
2
15
15
Average
; Effluent
Caaceatratim
(ปtfU
83.000
35.000
10.000
0.200
1.000
14.000
5.000
10.000
6.000
t.000
25.000
0.300
1.000
4.000
2.000
7.400
1.000
. 150.000
10.000
.1.000
1.000
1.200
3.100
240.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.200
Remoral
; (%)
61
84
97.2
99.75
97.5
93.4
86
97 ,
92.9
983
97
95.6
92J
99.82
99.94
9Z7
98.6
29
64
70 '
97
98.4
72
78
99.79
99.87
'99.77
NR
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
NRJ-071
5-83
-------
Table 5-25
(Continued)
Technology
SS*
TF
TF
Technology
Scab
Full
Pilot .
Pilot
Facflfcy
- 913
240A
203A
Detection)
fimfc
(H/U
10 .
NR ,
NR
Range of
Influent
ConccBtntiiHH
(ซs/U
2900-12300
.- 0-100
. 100-1000
No. of
Data
Pbmtt:
14
12 .
H
Average
Effbieot
Coaccatraliaa
fji*/Lป
10.000
1.000 .
85.000
Removal
(ป)
NR
98.3
60 ;
Refenoce
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
The influeat concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16. '
NRJ-071
07QS-Q2.arj
5-84
-------
trans-1.2-Dichloroethvlene. Two sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for trans- 1,2-dichloroethyleae, including data from the
EAD and WERL databases. These data are presented in Table 5-26. Technologies for
which data are available include activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by
filtration (AS+Fil), air stripping (AirS), granular activated carbon (GAC), reverse
osmosis (RO), steam stripping (SS), and trickling filter systems (TF), The treatment
" , ' v
performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
\ -
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for trans-1,2-dichloroethylene for the following
reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
.As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BOAT for trans-1,2-dichloroethene is steam stripping (SS). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 pg/L and the.
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
trans-1,2-dichloroethene in wastewaters (0.054 mg/L) is.discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1. .
NRJ-071
063(M>l.aij ' ' ' 5-85
-------
Table 5-26
Treatment Performance Data
for trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS+fil
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
GAC
RO
SSป
SS1
ss
SS
TF
Technology
Stale
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
Full
Pull
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Facffitf
IB
IB
IB
6B
1328E
1362E
71D
1363E
1328E
2456
250B
415T
913
6B
6B
IB
Detection
Lm*
feg/U
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
, NR
- NR
NR
NR
10
10
NR
NR
NR
Raageof
Influent
CODCCBtlttllOiV
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000*
100-1000 /
100000-1000000
100-1000*
10000-100000
48ซM3000
14100*70300
10000-100000
10000-100000
0-100
No. of
Datป
Paints
3
4
5
3
5
3
. 1
.NR '
5
1
NR
15
14
15
2
5
Average
Effluent
CenEcatntioB
7.000
3.000
8.000
78.000
1500.000
1.300
5.000
5.000
17000.000
10.000
8000.000
14:100 .
10.000
14.000 .
10.000
1.000
RenawJ
(%)
^8
93^
71
81
80
99.9
98.1
952
84
915
64
NR
NR
99.9
100
97.9
" I
Refenoce
WERL
' WERL
,WERL
WERL
WERt
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was repotted as between this range.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.01)
5-86
-------
U-Dichloropropane. Treatment performance data for 1,2-dichloropropane
were compiled from the WERL database and the EPA WAO test. These data are
presented in Table 5-27. Technologies for which data are available include activated
sludge (AS), air stripping (AirS), chemical oxidation (ChOx), granular activated carbon
(GAC), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent
bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
0.500 Mg/L to 1,800
BOAT for 1,2-dichloropropane is activated sludge biological treatment
(AS). Activated sludge was selected as BDAT because it represents full-scale data with
various high influent ranges and substantial treatment removals. The activated sludge
data were used in preference to EPA WAO test data, which also represent high influent
concentrations and substantial treatment removal, for two reasons: (t) lower effluent
values were achieved by activated sludge treatment and (2) the Agency prefers the use of
full-scale data rather .than pilot-scale data. .
t
The universal standard for 1,2-dichloropropane was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 148.4 pg/L (the average of the activated sludge effluent
concentrations representing full-scale treatment) and the appropriate variability factor
and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
1,2-dichloropropane in wastewaters (0.85 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-OLnij
5-87
-------
Table 5-27
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,2-Dichloropropane in Wastewaters
Technototj
AS*
AS
AS
Aff
AS1
A?
AS
A?
AitS
AirS
ChOx (ozone)
Ch Ox (ozone)
OAC
WOx
Techaofogj
Scale
Full
Bench
Pilol
FuU
FuU
FuU
FUot
FuU
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Fatifitji
6B
202D
241B.
IB
6B
6B
206B
' 6B
222B
1362E
331D
331D
331D
Ztapro
Detection
IJmit
(*f/L)
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
-. - NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
150
Range of
COBCtiBtVBbOilft
G*/L>
100-1000
100000-1000000
100-1000
1000-10000*
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100*
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
550000430000
No. of
Data
Points
15
NR .
5
1
3
3
. 20
24
1
3
NR
NR
NR
3
Average
Effluent
Concentration
<**/u
490.000
1800.000
61.000
1.000
180.000
~60.000
6.000
11.000
0.500
2.700
3.000
4.800
1.000
1607.000
Removal
(%>
37
99.01
76
99.96
98.2-
96.7
98.1
98.2
75
99
33
21
84
NR
PafopuMra
WERL'
WERL
WERL
WERL-
WERL'
WERL'
WERL '
WERL' -
WERL
WERL
-WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
Data used' in developing univenal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this noge.
NR ป Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRI-071
0705-02.QIJ
5-88
-------
cis- and trans-1.3-Dichloropropene. Treatment performance data for cis-
and trans-1,3-dichloropropene were compiled from the WERL database and are
presented in Table 5-28. Since the individual 1,3-dichloropropene isomers were not
identified in the WERL database, the 1,3-dichloropropene data were used for both cis-
and trans-1,3-dichloropropene. Technologies for which data are available include
aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), and trickling filter systems (TF). The
treatment performance data represent full-scale technologies; the resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 1 pg/L to 63
BOAT for cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene is activated sludge biological
treatment (AS). Activated sludge was selected as BOAT because of its high influent
concentration and high removal efficiency. . , .
The universal standards for cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene were
calculated using an effluent concentration of 6.35 pg/L (the average of the activated
sludge effluent concentrations representing full-scale treatment) and the appropriate
variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting
universal standards for cis- and trans-lt3-dichloropropene in wastewaters (0.036 mg/L) is
discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1. - - -
063M1.MJ
5-89
-------
Table 5-28
Treatment Performance Data
for cis- and trans-l,3-Dichloropropene in Wastewaters
Techaotefr '
AL
AS1
A?
TF
s
Technology
Scale
Full
Full
Full
Full
Faeflhy
6B
975B
68
IB
Detection
Lknii
(*g/I>>
NR
NR
NR
NR
Rang* of
Influent
ConeentratiMM
(ซ/l)
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100*
Nป. of
Data
Point*
3
NR
23
1
Average
Effluent
Concentration
kf/U
63.000
2.700
' 10.000
1.000
RenoTal
(*)
88
97.6
97.4
99
Reference.
WERL
WERL'
WERL'
WERL
"DaU used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR * Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.nrj
5-90
-------
This page intentionally left blank.
NRMTl
0630-Ol.nij
5-91
-------
This page intentionally left blank.
NRJ-071
OTOS-02.01J 5-92
-------
Ethyl acetate. Treatment performance data for ethyl acetate were
compiled from the WERL database and the EPA WAO test. These ,data are presented
in Table 5-30. The technologies for which data are available include activated sludge
(AS) and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench-
.and pilot-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ragged from 60 /*g/L to
580Mg/L. . .
BOAT for ethyl acetate is activated sludge biological treatment (AS).
Activated sludge was selected as BDAT because the data show a high influent
concentration and high removal efficiency. The activated sludge data were preferred to
the EPA WAO test data since lower effluent values were achievable by activated sludge
treatment and the Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values
that can be routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for ethyl acetate was calculated using an effluent -
concentration of 60 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for ethyl acetate in
wastewaters (0.34 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.luj
5-93
-------
Table 5-30
Treatment Performance Data
for Ethyl Acetate in Wastewaters
Technology
AS1
WOx
Technology
Scale
Bซnch
Pilot
Facility
2020 .
. Zimpro
Detection
limit
dtftU
NR
130
Range of
f_H___*
CoflCCRtra&QIIS
WL)
1000-10000
630000-770000
No. of
Data
Points
NR
3
Average
: EfBoait
CrOflCttttrwiOff
(M/L)
60.000
580.000
Removal
(ป)
96.4
NR
Reference
WERL-
WAO
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR ป Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.013,
5-94
-------
, Ethvi benzene. Treatment performance data for ethyl benzene were
compiled from the WERL database, BOAT Solvents (FOOI-F005) Rule data, and PACTฎ
and WAO data from literature. These data are presented in Table 5-31. Technologies
for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), aerobic lagoons followed by
activated sludge (AL+AS), API oil/water separation followed by dissolved air floatation
and activated sludge (API+DAF+AS), activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed
by filtration (AS+Fil), air stripping (AirS), air stripping followed by granular activated
carbon (AirS+GAC), biological treatment (BT), chemically assisted clarification (CAC),
granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon addition to activated
/ sludge (PACT9), reverse osmosis (RO), steam stripping (SS), trickling filter systems
(TF), ultrafiltration (UF), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance
data represent bench-, pilot-, and,full-scale studies with resulting effluent concentrations
ranging from 0.100 pg/L to 30,000 pg/l~
BOAT for ethyl benzene is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BOAT because it represents full-scale data developed from EAD
sampling and was used as part of the BDAT Solvents (F001-F005) Rule. As explained in
Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the BDAT database rather than other data
sources (with the exception of the EAD database) since data generated as part of the.
BDAT program follow EPA protocols for sampling and analysis procedures. The
effluent concentration achievable by this technology is supported by similar effluent
, concentrations from the WERL activated sludge treatment performance data.
The universal standard for ethyl benzene was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 10 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for ethyl benzene in
wastewaters (0.057 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-On
0630-Ol.mj
5-95
-------
Table 5,31
Treatment Performance Data
for Ethyl Benzene in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AL
AL
AL+AS
AFI+DAF
i-AS '
AS V
AS -
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS ;-
AS
Technology
Scale
Pilot
Pilot'
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Pilot .
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuO
Pilot
Full
FuU
FuU -
FuU
FuU
FuU
Facility
203A
203A
IB
233D
1482D
2008
201B
206B
6B
238A
240A
6B
234A
234A
202D
6B
97SB
IB
97SB
IB
241B
IB
IB
IB
IB
6B
IB'
Defection
Limit ,
(j&U
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR -
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
" ' NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
ConccniniiMt
te/D
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
. 0-100
o-ioo
0-100
0-100
1000-10000 .
0-100
No. of
Datt
Potato
14
14
4
21
4
1 6
16
20
3
3
14
24
NR
NR
NR
4 .
NR
6
NR
4
5
3
5
4
' 5
3
3
Average
Effluent
CdflCCfttinduvB.
(ซ/M
12.000
27.000
10.000
4.000
3.300
0.700.
6.000
0.200
10.000
0-500
1.000
10.000
0.200
0.200
80.000
10.000
8.000
9.000
10.000
3.000
5.000
. 5.000
1.000
1.000
. 5.000
25.000
3.000 .
Removal
(%)
89
76
69
99.93
99.98
9939
9i8
99.76
9&2
97.2
98.4
94.4
99.14
99.22
99.87
99.47
99.8
90.7
96.4
89
97.6
89
98.1
97.7
79
98.7
95.4
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
.WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
-WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0705-02.01]
5-96
-------
Table 5-31
(Continued)
TechaoJofy
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS .-
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS '
AS* Fd
AiiS
AirS
AiiS
+GAC
Blป
BT
BIป
BfT
BTป
an*
en*
BT
BT
BT
Teduobay
Seato
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
. Full " .
Bench
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
Bench
Full
Pilot
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
Full
FuU
Putt
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FadKty
975B
203A
K103/
K104
IB
IB
IB
200B
6B
6B
68
- IB
6B .
200B
68
2248
69A
229A
P211
P234
P221
P293
P238
P215
P242
P244
P257
P2D2
Detection
IJarit
. <ซ/t>
NR
NR
NR
NR
,NR -
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Inftaent
f*^ rnnt^t~tnmmm-
\*GuฃD3tfVOQB5
(*jto
0-100
100-1000
23500
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100 '
.100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
10000-100000
. 100-1000
0-100
. 0-100-
0-100
: o-ioo
12923-80000
10-3850
10-140
2287-3565
220-3350
564-4150
190-553
608
63-3648
96-596
No. of
Data
Posit
NR
14
6
6
3
4
9
7
15 .
29
4
7 .
12
15 ,
1
NR
19
7
33
3
2
2
3
2
1
27
20
Average
FffhwMrt '
CoocatferatiQB
wu
8.000
6.000
366.000
4.000
2.000
1.000
OJOO
10.000
10.000
10.000
8.000 '
10.000
0.600
10.000
0500
OJOO
1.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000.
io.ooo
10.000
12.000
10.000
Removal
<*)
87
94.6
NR
973
99 .26
99.17
995
97.9
98.9
97.4-
89,
99.97
995
90
91.9
.94.1
80
NR
NR
NR
MR' ^
NR
NR
NR
98.4
NR
NR
Reference
WERL '
WERL
BOAT* .
WERL
WERL.
WERL
WERL
WERL
;WERL.
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT-'
BOAT-*
BOAT*
BOAT-*
BOAT-*
BOAT-*
BOAT*
BOAT-*
.NRJ-071
0705-02.aij
5,97
-------
Table 5-31
(Continued)
Technology
BTป
BTป
BT "
BTป
CAC
GAC
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
PACT* '
RO
RO
RO
ss
TF
TF
.TF
TF
UF
WOx
WOx
WOx{Bl.
WOx[B]
Technology
Scale
Full
Full '
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Bench,
Beach
Beach
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Bench
Beach
Facility
P230
P299
P251
P253
203A
1421D
242E
Zittpro
200B
Zimpio
. 180A
2SOB
250B
K103/
K104
240A
203A
IB
IB
2MB
Zimpfo
242E
1054E
1Q54E
Detection
Look
<*%tu
NR
NR'
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
50
NR
NR
NR
Range of
ConcenmiaBS
<ซn->
.101-3040
22-230
1235-1360
10-144
100-1000
0-100
0-100
185
0-100
21
0-100
0-100
1000:10000
23500
0-100
100-1000
100.1000
0-100
100-1000
19000-27000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100000.1000000
No, of
Date
PoBts
15
16
3
2
14
NR
NR
1
11
1
NR
NR
NR
5
14
14
4
4
NR
2 '
NR
NR .
NR
Average.
Effluent
Concentration
(tt/U
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
73.000
. -fป
S.UO
1.000
0.400
5.000
0.020
5.000
170.000
206.000
1.000
31.000
11.000
4.000
70.000
3550.000
21.000
500.000
30000.000
Removal
(%)
NR
NR
.NR
NR
34
37
76
99.5
99.57
76
71
92.9
97
NR
98.4
72
90.8
90.9
59
NR
99.65
94.6
97
Reference
BOAT*
. BOAT"
BDAT-?
BOAT"
WERL
WERL
. WERL
WAQ(UT)
WERL
WAO(UI)
WERL I
WERL Q
WERL
BOAT
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO(LrT)
WERL
WERL
WERL 1
Data used in developing universal standard.
'HAD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Document
The influent concentration was reported as between this range,
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16. "
NRJ-071
070S-02.arj
5-98
-------
Ethyl ether. Treatment performance data for ethyl ether were compiled
from the WERL database and are presented in Table 5-32. Full-scale reverse osmosis
(RO) treatment is the only technology for which data are available. The resulting
effluent concentrations ranged from 17 /ig/L to 24 jtg/L.
BOAT for ethyl ether is reverse osmosis (RO). Reverse osmosis was
selected as BDAT because it represents full-scale demonstrated treatment with a high
removal efficiency.
The universal standard for ethyl ether was calculated using an effluent.
concentration of 20.5 pg/L (the average of the reverse osmosis effluent concentrations
representing full-scale treatment) and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for ethyl ether in
wastewaters (0.12 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-Q71
0630-Ol.arj
5-99
-------
Table 5-32
Treatment Performance Data
for Ethyl Ether in Wastewaters
Technology
RO-
R0ป
Tecteotogy
Scale
Full
Full
Facflfcy
250B
250B
Detection
Tjntil
(M/L>
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Concentrations
(M/U
lOO-.lOOO
100-1000
No. of
Data
Pratt
NR
NR
Average
Effluent
COBCtttntMKft
On/Lit
17.000
24.000
Removal
. C*>
88 .,
92.8
Re(ซnnce
WERL'
WERL-
'Data used in developing universal standard
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRMm
OTOS-Olaij
5-100
-------
Ethvl methacrvlate. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for ethyl methacrylate from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that methyl isobutyl ketone is the most appropriate constituent from
which to transfer treatment performance data to ethyl methacrylate. The treatment
performance data for methyl isobutyl ketone are presented in Table 5-38. The transfer
of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for ethyl.
methacrylate of biological treatment (BT). The universal standard for ethyl methacrylate
wastewaters (0.14 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-07T
-0630-01.013
5-101
-------
Ethvlene dibromide (1,2-Dibromoethane). Treatment performance data for
ethylene dibromide were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table
5-33. Technologies for which data are available include air stripping (AirS) and reverse
osmosis (RO), with air the treatment performance data representing pilot-scale studies.
The resulting effluent concentrations' ranged from 0.06 jug/L to 7.0.
BDAT for ethylene dibromide is air stripping (AirS). Air stripping was
selected as BDAT because of its high removal efficiency and ability to treat the
wastewater to a level less than the method detection limit for ethylene dibromide. (4.8
jtg/L) based on EPA-approved methods (see Table B-l of Appendix B).
The universal standard for ethylene dibromide was calculated using its.
detection limit of 4.8 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The Agency used the method detection limit value since the effluent
concentration of ethylene dibromide was below the detection level routinely achievable
using EFA-approved methods. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
ethylene dibromide in wastewaters (0.028 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown
in. table 6-1.
NRMm
0630-01.aij
5-102
-------
Table 5-33
Treatment Performance Data
for Ethylene Dibromide (1,2-Dibromoethane) in Wastewaters
Technology
AirS"
RO
Tecnootagr
Seal*
Pilot
Pilot
Facflity
218B
323B
Detection
Limit
(M/L>
NR
NR
Range of
fnHmmt
CooctBtrftimis
(Xป/L)
0-100
0-100
No. of
Data
POBItff
1
1
Average
Effluent
ConeeotcatiaB
(PC/14
0.060
7.000
Removal
(%>
96 J
15
Referam
WERL-
WERL
Dau used ia developing universal standard.
NR a Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
070S-02.nrj
5-103
-------
Ethylene oxide. No wastewater treatment performance data were available
for ethylene oxide which indicate treatment of this constituent. Treatment performance
data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be
similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency
believes that ethyl ether is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer
treatment performance data to ethylene oxide. The treatment performance data for
ethyl ether are presented in Table 5-32. The transfer of treatment performance data
from this constituent results in a BDAT for ethylene oxide of reverse osmosis (RO).
The universal standard for ethylene oxide wastewaters (0.12 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NRi-om
0630-Ol.orj
5-104
-------
lodomethane. No wastewater treatment performance data were available
for iodomethane from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were
therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar with .
respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that
chloromethane is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer treatment
performance data to iodomethane. The treatment performance data for chloromethane
are presented in Table 5-21. The transfer of treatment performance data from this
constituent results in a BOAT for iodomethane of steam stripping (SS). The universal
standard for iodomethane wastewaters (0.19 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown
in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
063
-------
IsobutanoL Treatment performance data for isobutanol were available
from leachate treatment performance data submitted by industry and are presented in
Table 5-34. The treatment technology for which data are available is biological
treatment (BT) and the resulting average effluent concentration is 2,000 jtg/L
BOAT for isobutanol is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BDAT for three reasons: (1) the industry-submitted leachate data
showed substantial treatment of isobutanol, (2) these data represent full-scale treatment
and no additional data are available, and (3) the Agency believes that these data are
representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for isobutanol was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 2,000 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for isobutanol in
wastewaters (5.6 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJMJ71
0630-Ol.nq
5-106
-------
Table 5-34
Treatment Performance Data
for Isobutanbl in Wastewaters
Technology
BT
Tetbnriiwr
Sufe
NR
Facffiry
CWM
DetoctioH
Limit
(J*fl\
2000
Ranged
fnflrfm*
f jmjllปlซ Ifttllm*
^oocgmmicmi
Oq^L>
2500-21000
' '
No. of
Data
Pomtv
3
Avenge
Efflnotf
CoaccotradoB
(J^L)
2000.000
Rcnrorol
(%>
77.61
Rerennce
LEACHATr?
Data used in developing vmiveisal standard.'
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.nrj
5-107
-------
Methacrvlonitrile. Treatment performance data for methacrylonitrile were
available from the EPA WAO test. These data are presented in Table 5-35. Pilot-scale
wet air oxidation is the only technology for which data are available. The resulting
average effluent concentration was 10000 /*g/L.
Based on evaluation of this data, EPA does not believe that the
concentrations reported for the WAO test represent effluent values that are routinely .
achievable by industry. Therefore, EPA is not basing the universal standard for
methacrylonitrile on the wet air oxidation test results but is transferring treatment
performance data from a constituent judged to be similar with respect to elemental
composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that acrylonitrile is the most
appropriate constituent from which to transfer treatment performance data to
methacrylonitrile. The treatment performance data for acrylonitrile are presented in
Table 5-8.. The transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a
\ . -
BDAT for methacrylonitrile of biological treatment (BT). The universal standard for
methacrylonitrile wastewaters (0.24 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in Table
6-1.
NRJ-071
063
-------
Table 5-35
Treatment Performance Data
for Methacrylonitrile in Wastewaters
,
Technology
WOx
-^^
Tffhitotngy
Scale
Pilot
Fatifity
Zimpro
Detection
Unit
OB/D
' 10000
Range of
> inSnent
Coacatfratioat
WX)
1100-1300
No. of
Data
fWn^fla
romt9
. .3
t^=^^=
Avenge
Effluent
Coacaatnuioft
OtfU
1000.000
Renmni
(*>
99.17
Reference
WAO
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
ff7aS-02.nij
5-109
-------
Methanol. Treatment performance data available for methanol were
compiled from the WERL database, PACTฎ data from literature, and industry-submitted
leachate treatment performance data and are presented in Table 5-36. Technologies for
which data are available include powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge
(PACTฎ), steam stripping (SS), wet air oxidation (WOx), and biological treatment (BT).
The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The'
resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 10 pg/L to 290,000 )tg/L.
BOAT for methanol is .biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was
selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted leachate data available for
biological treatment showed substantial treatment of methanol and (2) the Agency
believes that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely
achieved by industry.
The universal standard for methanol was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 2000 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for methanol in wastewaters
(5.6 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.MJ
5-110
-------
Table 5-36
Treatment Performance Data
for Methariol in Wastewaters
Technology
BT
PACT*
SS
WO*
WOx
Technology
Scale
NR .
Bench
Pilot
Full
Bench
Facffly
CWM
Zimpro
. 1082E
242E
78D
Detecttoa
Uiปป
(ng/L)
2000
NR
NR
NR
NR /
Rwgeof
InflMOt
PnMtf an 1 'alj^My
(ffO.>
7600-31000
208000
1000000
1000000
1000000
No. of
Data
Points
3
1
NR
NR
NR
Arerage
EfBaott
Cmmtuu alUm
' O^L^,
2000.000
10.000
230000.000
210000.000
290000.000
{femoral
(%>
87.23
, 99.99
84
89.6
91
Reference
LEACHATE1
WAO (LIT)
WERL '
WERL
WERL
'Data used in developing imiveml standard.
NR * Not reported
Source: Reference 16. '
'NRWTl
070S-02.ntj
5-111
-------
. Methvi ethvl ketone. Treatment performance data for methyl ethyl ketone
were compiled from the NPDES database, WERL database, PACTฎ and WAO data
from literature, EPA WAO test data, and industry-submitted leachate treatment
performance data and are presented in Table 5-37. Technologies for which data are
available include activated sludge (AS), powdered activated carbon addition to activated
sludge.(PACTฎ), wet air oxidation (WOx), wet air oxidation followed by powdered
activated carbon addition to activated sludge (WOx+PACTฎ), and biological treatment
(BT). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies
with resulting effluent concentrations.ranging from 0.01 pg/L to 27,
BOAT for methyl ethyl ketone is biological treatment (BT). Biological
treatment was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted leachate
data for biological treatment showed substantial treatment of methyl ethyl ketone and
(2) the Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values that can be
i
routinely achieved by industry. .
The universal standard for methyl ethyl ketone was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 100 ng/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
'
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for methyl ethyl
ketone in wastewaters (0.28 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRM71
0630-01.nij
5-112
-------
Table 5-37
Treatment Performance Data
for Methyl Ethyl Ketone in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
AS
AS
AS
BT*
BTP x
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
WOK
WOx
WOx+PACTป
wox IBI
WOx[B| ..
Technology
Scale
NR
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
PUot .
Pilot .
NR
Bench
Bench
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Facffitr
NY0096792
NY0072231
nN0036072
NH0001503
241B
252E
2S2E
CWM.
CWM
Zimpro
Zimpro
Zimpio
Zimpro
242E
Zunjno
78D
78D '
Dttectioa
Lontt
WU
. NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
100
100
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
100 ,
NR
NR
Rangeof
Influent
Omccntntio&fc
-------
Methyl isobutvl ketone. Treatment performance data for methyl isobutyl .
ketone were compiled from the WERL and NPDES databases, BDAT Solvents (F001-
F005) Rule data, EPA WAO test data, and industry-submitted leachate treatment
performance data and are presented in Table 5-38. Technologies for which data are
available include activated sludge (AS), reverse osmosis (RO), steam stripping (SS), wet
air oxidation (WOx), wet air oxidation followed by powdered activated carbon addition
to activated sludge (WOx+PACT*), and biological treatment (BT). The treatment
performance data represent pilot- and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 5 jtg/L to 70,900
BDAT for methyl isobutyl ketone is biological treatment (BT). Biological
treatment was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted leachate
data for biological treatment showed substantial treatment of methyl isobutyl ketone and
(2) the Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values that can be
routinely achieved by industry.
/ The universal standard for methyl isobutyl ketone was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 50 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for methyl isobutyl
ketone in wastewaters (0.14 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRI-071
0630-Ol.mj.
5-114
-------
Table 5-38
Treatment Performance Data
for Methyl Isobutyl Ketone in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
AS
AS
BT*
BTป
RO
SS
WOx
WOit+PACI*
TechaoiatT
Scale
NR
Pilot,
Pilot
NR
Bench
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Facffify
NH0001503
K103/K104
241B
CWM
CWM
2508
K103/K104
242E
Zimpro
Detection
Limit
- OซI/L> '
NR
NR
NR
50
.50.
NR
NR
NR
SO
Range of
Inftneot
fฐtmftm*f ttttmt*
(w/t> ,
NR
76400
100-1000
1400-7800
-2167
100-1000
76400
100000-1000000
620000-830000
No. of
Date
Pointy
. 1
6
4
3
3
NR .
5
NR
3
ATcnge
Effbot
CeiKaitratioa
Otfl)
70900.000
41817.000
6.000
50.000
50.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
50.000
Remoral
(%)
NR
NR
98.1
98.61
97.69
89.9
NR
99.99
NR
Reference
NPDES
BOAT
WERL
LEACHATE"
LEACHATE*
WERL
BOAT
WERL
WAO
^Ko
data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-FOOS Background Document
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR ซ Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.nrj
5-115.
-------
Methvt methacrviate. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for methyl methacrylate from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that methyl isobutyl ketone is the most appropriate constituent from
which to transfer treatment performance data to methyl methacrylate. The treatment
performance data for methyl isobutyl ketone are presented in Table 5-38. The transfer
of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BDAT for methyl
methacrylate of biological treatment (BT). The universal standard for methyl
methacrylate wastewaters (0.14 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij
5-116
-------
Methvlene chloride. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for methylene chloride, including data from the HAD and WERL
databases, BOAT Solvents (F001-F005) Rule data, and WAO and PACTฎ data from
literature. The data are presented in Table 5-39. Technologies for which data are >
available include activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by filtratipn (AS + Fil),
air stripping (AirS), air stripping followed by granular activated carbon (AirS+GAC),
biological treatment (BT), biological treatment followed by activated carbon (BT+AC),
chemically assisted clarification in conjunction with air stripping (CAC+AirS), granular
activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge
(PACTฎ), reverse osmosis (RO), steam stripping (SS), trickling filter systems (TF), and
wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and
full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the, EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for methylene chloride for the following
reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
, sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent-a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by ,
both EPA and industry. . ,
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment,performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
NRJ-071
0630-01.MJ ... , 5-117
-------
BOAT for methyiene chloride is steam stripping (SS)* The universal
standard was calculated using the HAD median long-term average of 22.956 jtg/L and
\
the EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard
for methyiene chloride in wastewaters (0.089 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nq
5-118
-------
Table 5-39
Treatment Performance Data
for Methylene Chloride in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
.AS
AS
AS
AS
.AS
AS
Technology
Scale
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Beach
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Rlpt
Full
Full
Facffity
IB.
IB
IB
234A
20IB
975B
IB
IB
IB
IB
6B
IB
238A
234A
202D
375E
6B
IB
6B
IB
6B .
IB
IB
6B
IB
, 2068
H68E
234A
DttBCtlflP
Limit
ds
23.000
17.000
- 31.000
2.000
, 45.000
0.430
9.000
46.000
. 130.000
23.000
10.000
61.000
11.000
. 4.900
510.000
10.000
54.000
16.000
31.000
23.000
10.000
17.000
56.000
13,000
560.000
4.000
920.000
0.800
Ranoral
<%)
64
72
31
93.3
51
92
75
.69
54
57
77
. 34
78
56
99.72
69
.. 98.6
72
99 S3
74
99.74
77
975
79
. 31
96.6
98.4
99.5
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0705-02. nrj
5-119
-------
Table 5-39
(Continued)
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+RI
AiiS
AirS
AiiS+GAC
BT
BT
BT+AC
CAOAiiS
GAC
GAC
PACT*
PACT*
RO
RO
SS*
SS*.
SS*
ss
ss
Technology
Seal*
Full
Full .
Pilot *
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Putt
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Faeffity
IB
IB
241B
37SE
IB
375E
IB
IB
37SE
6B
205E
1362E
229A
P246
P26S
P246
1833D
245B
237A
242E
Zimpro
250B
250B
725
913
415T
6B
ism
Detection
Unit
to/u
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
10
10
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Coneentratioa*
(*ซ/ซ
10000-100000
0-100
. 100-1000
.0-100
0-100
1000-10000
1000-10000.
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100.1000
100-1000
27-3907
500-750
10-5550
0-100
100-1000*
100-1000*
0-100
84
100-1000
10000-100000
10-5100
200-10400
198-12100
1000-10000
1000-10000
No. of
Data
Pointt
5
4
5
7
6 '
7
S
5
7
9
NR
3
19
13
3
28
25
1
1
NR
1
NR
NR
13
14
15
15
10
Arerage
ERba*
Coflccotration
'Wit
' 12000.000
17.000
110.000
5.000
61.000
55.000
2000.000
62.000
20.000
29.000
3.000'
5300
1.000
11.000
27.000
10.000
2.400
10.000
10.000
20.000
20.000
80.000
15000.000
217.300
10.000
10JOO
. 10.000
10.000
Removal
<%)
14'
64
78
80
34
99.3
5
35
64
26
99.6
f
99
99.8
NR
NR
NR
92J
99
94.4
76
76
66
44
NR
NR
NR
99.52
99.17'
Refertoec
WERL
; WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL,
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
BOAT
BOAT*
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO(LIT)
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSF*
EAD-OCPSF*
EAD-OCPSF*
WERL
WERL
NRI-071
07Q5-02.U13
5-120
-------
Table 5-39
(Continued).
Technology
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TFr
TF
TF
WOx
WQx
WOx
WOx
Tccli&ology
Scale
Full
Fuir
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
NR
Pilot
Pilot
FuU
Facffity
251B
6B
P12003
6B
P284
IB
375E
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
37SE
IB
Zimpro
Zimpro
78D
242E
Detection
Unit*
<ซ/t>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Inflnent .
Concentration
(ซ/L)
1000000
1000-10000
225000-12000000
100-1000
198-12100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000 .
100-1000
15000-3600000
60000
10-100
100000-1000000
No. of
Data
u_k* ป_
rolBtf
10
9
40
2
15
5
7
3
5
5
6
4
7
' 5
3
1
NR
NR
Average ,
Effinot
(HfU
11.000
78.000
24413.000
10.000
10.000'
20.000
12.000
23.000
58.000
21.000
16.000
120.000
21.000
37.000
5000.000
10.000
, 10.000
84.000
Removal
(%)
100
95.1
NR
99
NR
67
8
36
40 '
77
89
X
56
88
66
NR
99.9 .
99.98
99.99
Reference
. WERL
. WERL
BOAT
WERL
BOAT
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
WAO (LIT)
WERL
WERL
BAD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Document
'Data used in developing universal standard. .,
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.nrj
5-121
-------
Propanenitrile (Ethyl cyanide). Treatment performance data for
propaneriitrile were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 5-40.
Technologies for which data are available include both solvent extraction (SExt) and wet
air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench- and pilot-scale
studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 7,000 j*g/L to 38,000 jig/L.
Based on evaluation of this, data, EPA does not believe that the
concentrations reported for the SExt and WAO tests represent effluent values that are
routinely achievable by industry. Therefore, EPA is not basing the universal standard for
ethyl cyanide on the wet air oxidation or solvent extraction test results but is transferring
treatment performance data from a constituent judged to be similar with respect to
elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that acrylonitrile is
the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer treatment performance data to
propanenitrile. The treatment performance data for acrylonitrile are presented in Table
5-8. The transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT
for propanenitrile of biological treatment (BT). The universal standard for
propanenitrile wastewaters (0.24 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in
Table 6-1. r
NRI-071
063CW)l.nij
5-122
-------
Table 5-40
Treatment Performance Data
for Propanenitrile (Ethyl Cyanide) in Wastewaters
^
^
Technology
SExt
WOx [B|
Technology
State
Pilot
Bench
, Facfltty
1082E
1SD
Dttectioit
Limit
d&Lt
NR
NR ,
Range of
Inflnad
Conceotntioitt
fซt/L)
10000-100000
100000-1000000
No. of
Dais
^ป_ซ_j.
rtUttla
NR
NR
Average
Efflnot
ConceotntioB
(M/L)
38000.000
7000.000
Remprat
(ป)
55
98.2
Reference
WERL
WERL
NR ซ Not reported
Source; Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.Mi
5-123
-------
Pyridine. Treatment performance data for pyridine were compiled from
the WERL database and EPA WAO test data and are presented in Table 5-41.
Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS), anaerobic fixed
film .(AnFF), and wet air oxidation followed by powdered activated carbon addition to
activated sludge (WOx+PACTฎ), The treatment performance data represent bench-,
and pilot-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.9 pg/L to
1900
BOAT for pyridine is anaerobic fixed film biological treatment (AnFF).
Anaerobic fixed film was selected as BDAT since this demonstrated biological treatment
technology showed substantial treatment and ability to treat the wastewater to a level
less than the method detection limit for pyridine (2.4 /*g/L) based on EPA-approved
methods (see Table B-l of Appendix B).
^
The universal standard for pyridine was calculated using its detection limit
of 2.4 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
Agency used the method detection limit value since the effluent concentration of
pyridine was below the detection levelroutinely achievable using EPA-approved
methods. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for pyridine in wastewaters
(0.014 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1. :
NRl-071 ' .
063&-01.MJ 5-124
-------
Table 5-41
Treatment Performance Data
for Pyridine in Wastewaters
TGcbsoiogy
AS
AfiFP
WOx+PACT*
, Tซchnotogy
Scale
Bench
Pilot
. Pilot
Facffir
1054E
23SD
Zimpro
Detection
Unit
0*L)
" NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Concentration*
(ซJ/D
1000-10000
1000-10000
> 180000
No. of
Oats
Foists
NR
NR
3
Average
Efflnaot
C(nicmnMi
-------
1.1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane. Treatment performance data for 1,1,1,2-
tetrachloroethane were compiled from WAO data in literature and are presented in
Table 5-42. Bench-scale powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge
(PACTฎ) is the technology for which data, are available. The resulting average effluent
concentration was 10 /*g/L.
BOAT for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is PACT* PACT* was selected as
BDAT for two reasons: (1) this technology is demonstrated in full-scale units for organic
/ . .
constituents similar in elemental composition and structure to 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane
and (2) the treatment performance data show substantial treatment with a high removal
efficiency.
The universal standard for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane was calculated using
an effluent concentration of 10 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 1,1,1,2-
tetrachloroethahe in wastewaters (0.057 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
table 6-1. ,
NRJ-071 ' . ' .
063
-------
Table 5-42
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane in Wastewaters
Technology
PACT*"
Teehnotosr
State
Bench
Facffity
Zimpro
DetccttoB
Limit
<ซ/L)
NR
Range of
Inflncot
CoficcntnUiotti
(ftfU
36
No. of
DaU
Points
1
Atenge
Effloart
Craecotrtiim
OtA.)
10.000
RemoTd
(%>
72
.
Reference
WAO (LIT)*
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.0*3
"5-127
-------
LUJ-Tetrachtoroethane. Treatment performance, data for 1,1,2,2-
tetrachloroethane were compiled from the WERL and NPDES databases and are
presented in Table 5-43. Technologies for which data are available include activated
sludge (AS), air stripping (AirS), biological treatment (BT), and granular activated
carbon (GAC). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale
studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0:005 jtg/L to 11,000
r ' .
BDAT for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane is granular activated carbon (GAC).
GAC was selected as BDAT since it represents full-scale treatment performance with
high influent concentrations and a high removal efficiency.
The universal standard for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was calculated using
an effluent concentration of 10 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 1,1,2,2-
tetrachloroethane in wastewaters (O.OS7 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1. .
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij 5-128 .
-------
Table 5-43
/
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane in Wastewaters
Technology
NR'
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AS
AS
AirS
AirS
BT
GAO
Tedmehwy
Scale
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Beach
Full
paot
Pilot
Full
Full
fitSfif
NY0007048
NJ0028291
LA0066435
LA0066214
LA0065501
NJ0030392
202D
IB
1363E
. 71D
LA0038245
245B
Detection
limit
.fo*/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
-MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
hOatnt
CooECDtmioas
<ซ/W
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR y
NR .
100000-1000000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000* -
NR
lOOO-lOOOO*
No. of
Data
Poosfs
9
2
13
, 15
6
4
NR
2
NR
1
38
1
Arerage
Efflwat
ConearintiDB
(MlU
U60
1.000
7J70
5.000
5,000
0.005
11000.000
3.000
4.600
41.000
5.313
10.000
Removal
<%)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
94.5
935
99
95.5
NR
99.1
Referaee
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
WERL'
"Data used in'developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not repotted
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.MJ
5-129
-------
Tetrachiordethvlene. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for tetrachloroethyiene, including data from the HAD and WERL
databases, BOAT Solvents (FOOI-F005) Rule data, and PACTฎ and other data from
literature. These data are presented in Table 5-44. Technologies for which data are
available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed
by filtration (AS + Fil), air stripping (AirS), anaerobic fixed film (AnFF), biological
treatment (BT), chemically assisted clarification in conjunction with air stripping
(CAC+AirS), chemical oxidation (ChOx), chemical reduction (Chred), granular activated
carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACT*), reverse
osmosis (RO), steam stripping (SS), trickling filter systems (TF), ultraviolet radiation
(UV), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench-,
pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were '
used to determine the universal standard for tetrachloroethyiene for the following
reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD.include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the. organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
' . have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases. .
NRJ-071
0630-01.MJ . 5-130
-------
BOAT for tetrachloroethylene is steam stripping (SS). The universal
standard was calculated using the HAD median long-term average of 10.4 jtg/L and the
HAD Option 1, variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
tetrachloroethylene in wastewaters (0.056 rhg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown
. i
in Table 6-1. '
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.arj
. 5-131
-------
Table 5,44
Treatment Performance Data
for Tetrachloroethyiene in Wastewaters
Tecbnotogr
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS .
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fil
AS+Fd
AiiS
AirS.
Technology
Safe
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
Full
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
PUot .
FuU
FuU
FuU
.FuU
FuU
. FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Pilot
, Pilot
Facility
IB
IB
IB
IB
238A
1587E
234A
238A
IB .
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
241B
IB
201B
IB
IB
IB
234A
IB
IB
IB
6B
6B
2MB
71D
DetCC&n
Limit
, wu
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR' .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR'
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Inflnent
"Hwtt"""
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000-
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000 '.
' O-lOO1
o-too-
No. of
Data
Po&ifft
6
3
5
1 .4
3
NR
NR
3
. 4
NR
5
. ' * 5
3
6
5
6
22
4
6
6
NR
6
5
4
3
15
1
1
Average
Cffinent
Coaceatratua
(W/L)
10.000
10.000
2.000
8.000
2.100
0.870
22.000
1 1.600
1.000
3.900
9.000
5.000
22.000
28.000
11.000
440.000
8.000
' 6.000
48.000
26.000
0.600
8.000
14.000
100.000
230.000
11.000
0.500
0.200
Removal
(*>
80'
83
97.5
85
87
97.8.
49 .
87
96
96.7
75
96.7
45
71
95J
85
993
93
79
78
95.9
85
74
83
99.04
97.7
95.8
98.7
- Reference .
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
' NRJ-071
0705-02.MJ
5-132
-------
Table 5-44
(Continued)
Technology
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AiiS
AirS
'AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AnFF
BT
ST
BT
CAOAirS
ChOx
ChOx
Chred
GAG
GAC
GAC
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
RO
RO
Technology
Scale
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
.Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot .
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Beach
Pilot
Pilot
FaciEtjf
223B
222B
217B
207B.
69 A
220B
208B
1363E
214B
1042E
322B
1362E
724D
P225
P280
F001-F005
1833D
2026A
2026A
NR
1264B
245B
237A
242E
Ziwpro
Zimpro
323B
ISOA.
Detection
limit
to/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR ,
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
(Mg/U
100-10001
0-100*
' 100-1000*
0-100*
0-100
0-100-
, 0-100*
0-100 .
100-1000*
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
95-31500
110-1748
62
0-100
0-100
0-100
'250
0-100
1000-10000*
100-1000*
100-1000
304
136
0-100*
0-100
No. of
Data
Foottf
i
i
-i
i
NR
i
1
NR
. 1
NR
9
3
NR
IS
12
1
7
4 '.
4
1
NR
1
I
NR
NR
I' -
1
NR
Atenge
Effluent
CoaeentratiflB
(MID
0.800
0.200
0.300
0.500
0.960
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.900
0.500
1JOO
5.000
4.400
47.000
10.000
7.300
0.100
2.000
1.700
5.000
.1.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
1.000
10.000
30.000
0.250
Removal
(%)
99.43
94.3
99.73
98.3
98.4
99.76
99.17
97.1
99.31
99.71
99.75
99.74
99.99
NR
NR
88.2
89
86 \
84
98
95J
99.13
96J
92^ .
79.7
93-
68
81
\ ,
Refercace
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
BDA1*
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
ART
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO (LfT)
WAO (LfT)
WERL .
WERL
NRJ-OTl
0705-02. rwj
5-133
-------
Table 5-44
(Continued)
Technology
ss*
ss
ss
TF
TF , /'
TF
TF
TF
TF
UV(B)
WOx
WO*
Technology
Scale
Full
Full
Full
Full , .
Full
FuU
Full
Full
Full
Beach
NR
Pilot
Facility
913
2518
6B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB ,
1138E
Zimpro
78D
Detection
Limit
NR
9979
99.95
81
83
54
96.9
917
943
85
97.6
99.98
RcJwc&cs
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
.WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
*EAD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Document
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.arj
5-134
-------
Toluene. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for toluene, including data from the EAD and WERL databases, BOAT
Solvents (F001-F005) Rule data, WAO and PACTฎ data from literature, and EPA WAO
test data. These data are presented in Table 5-45. Technologies for which data are
available.include aerobic lagoons (AL), aerobic lagoons followed by activated sludge
(AL+AS), API oil/water separation followed by dissolved air floatation and activated
sludge (API+DAF+AS), activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by filtration
(AS+Fil), air stripping (AirS), air stripping followed by granular activated carbon
(AirS + GAC), biological treatment (BT), biological treatment followed by activated
carbon (BT+AC),.granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon
treatment (PACTฎ), reverse osmosis (RO), steam stripping (SS), steam stripping
followed by activated carbon (SS+AC), trickling filter systems (TF), wet air oxidation
\
followed by powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (WOx+PACT8),
ultrafiltration (UF), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data
i
represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for toluene for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred! the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
NRJ-Cm
0630-Ol.Mj
5-135
-------
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for toluene is steam .stripping (SS). The universal standard was
calculated using the HAD median long-term average of 10 /xg/L aad ^ EAD Option 1
\ * --
variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for toluene in
wastewaters (0.080 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
063W>l.nrj , 5-136
-------
Table 5-45
Treatment Performance Data
for Toluene- in Wastewaters
Tซchnotecr
AL
JAL
r
AL+AS
API+DAF+AS
AS
AS '
AS
IAS
V
Rs
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS .
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
'AS ; .
[ AS'
I
Technology
Scale
Full
Bench
Full .
Full
Pull
Bench
Full
Pull
Full
Full '
Beach
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full ,
Full '
Facility
6B
371D
IB
233D
1482D
202D
6B
6B
975B
6B
200B
6B
IB
6B
6B
975B
6B
975B
6B
226B
68
6B
IB
- 975B
IB
234A
IB.
1587E
Detection
Unit
(MfU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR . '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR -
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' . NR. -
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Conecotratint
Ug/U
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000
10000-100000
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
10000-100000
ioo-iooo
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
No. of
Data
Pointy
3
NR
6
21
4
NR
3
3
NR
3
10
24
6
15
3
NR
7
NR
33
7
14
4
5 .
NR
6
NR
4
NR
Avenge
w*+m_ t
Ennms
Concentratiott
WL)
10.000
90.000
32.000
4.000
11.000
10.000
73.000
10.000
12.000
76.000
0.800
10.000
9.000
. 10.000
24.000
280.000
10.000 .
23.000
20.000
300.000
10.000
10.000
4.000
. 7.600
4.000
0.700
3.000 .
0.100
Remorai
(%)
98.2
97
96.1
99.85
99.93
99.98
9954
9957
99.68
99.90
99.3
99.73
9951
99.88
99.76
963
99.5
86
99.8
99.85
97.8
97.6
88
99.04
99.48
97.1
90.6
99
Reference
WERL
WERL .
WERL
WERL
.WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL. .
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
- WEKL'
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
<
NRJ-071
070S-02.MJ
5-137
-------
Table 5-45
(Continued)
Technology
AS
AS .
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS .
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS .
AS-t-Fi!
AirS
AirS
AirS
Tecbnotofy
Seal*
Full
Pull
FuU
Full
Full
Full
Full
FuU
Full
FuU
Pilot x
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
Full
Pilot
FuU
FuU
FuU
Pilot
FuU
FuU
Pilot
Beach
Fatiftjr
201B
IB
IB
234A
IB
IB
238A
6B
IB
IB
241B
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
234A
IB
IB
206B
IB
234A
IB
K103/
K104
6B
322B
1362E.
1328E
Detection
Limit
04/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR.
' NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
wu
100-LOOO
100-1000
0-100
0-100 .
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
. o-ww
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
92000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
10000-100000
No* of
Data
BAฑ^t_.
rifinw
32
5
4
NR
4
5
3
3
s
4
s
NR
5
6
6
5
NR
6
S
20
. 6
NR
6
.6
3
24
3
5
Average
Effluent
Concentration
U*/L)
57.000
12.000
1.000-
0.200
4.000
2.000
6.200
10.000
1000
4X100
4.000
0.200
-3.000
20.000
1.000
1.000
0.200
2.000 '
56.000
0.600 '
10.000
0.200
31.000
23467.000
/
10.000 -
0.660
1.700
. 2800.000
Removal
<%)-
87
96.8
98
96.2
96-4 .
97.6
92.7
94.4
97.1
86
98.6
96.9
94
89
97.3
97.4
97.7
963
. 93.8
99.76
96.4
99.9
95.4
NR
99.98
99.77
953
92.4
- Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WESi
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
*
WERL
WERL
WERi.
WERL
NRI-071
0705-02. Mj
5-138
-------
Table 5-45
(Continued)
Technology
AirS
AirS
AiiS .
AirS
AiiS
AiiS+GAC
BT
BT
BT
LBT.
BT
BT.
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT >
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
L
QBT+AC
Technology
Scale
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full ;
Full
Full
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
Fun
FuU
.Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
Facffiijr
69A
322B
224B
322B
322B
229A
P206
P211
P202
P244
P210
P223
P217
P234
P242
P221
P20B
P240
P246
P2S1
P253
P257
P26S
P286
P215
P230
F001-
F005
P246
Detection
Limit
(MU
NR
NR
\R
NR
NR
NR "
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
In/bait
fofltt
0-100
0-100
0-100ป
1000-10000
10060-1,00000
0-100
834-57475
1154-4000 '
60.155
1109
135-5805
99-265
3440040000'
2350-35000
1200-1533
10-323
140-640
22700
77-12938
15840-26060
66-230
1730-12900 '
37750-50000
24000-160000
33004550
3503-30347
680
77-12938
No. of
Data
Points
NR
5
i
6
3
19'
10
7
20
1 .
2
3
3
32
2
3
14
1
9
3
3
27
3
3
3 '
15
I
10
Avcrago
ERhnat
CoaccDtrotHM
te/t.}
0.940
2.000
0 JOO .
34.000.
' 114.000
1.000
1491.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
73.000
21.000
10:000
10.000
10.000
10.000
630.000
10.000
103.000
12.000
10.000
76.000
10.000
10.000 '
4.000
113.000
Removal
(*)
97
97.4
98.9
99.18
99.33
*>..
NR
NR
NR
. 99.1
NR '
NR
' NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
99.96
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
99.4.
NR
r
Reference .
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT*
BDA1* .
BOAT
BOAT*
BOAT
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT
BDAt*
BDATป
BDAT*
BOAT*
BDAT*
BOAT*
BDAT*
. BDAT*
BOAT*
BOAT*
BDAT*
BDAT*
NRJ-071
0705-02.BIJ
5-139
-------
Table 5-45
(Continued)
Tedmotoiy
OAC
GAC
OAC
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
RO
RO
RO
ssซ
ss
ss
SS*
ss
ss
SS+AC
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
UF
wox
wox
wox
wo%
Techaolofy
State
Pilot
Full
Pilot
. Bench
Bench
Bench
Beach
Full
Pilot
Full
NR
Full
Full
NR
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
NR
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Faofiijr
, 435B
24SB
REF19
200B
242E
Zinpro
Zimpro
250B
250B
250B
0415
6B
68
0415
F001-
FOOS
P246
P297.
6B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
.2508
Zimpro
ZlfflpTO
Zimpro
Zimpro
Detection
(W/U
, NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
.MR'
10
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
G*/L,
\ 10000-100000
lOOOO-lOOOOO*
120
100-1000
0-100
2730
57
100-1000
o-too
1000.10000
19300-29000
1000-10000
10000-100000
25704230
92000
57-98
6404650
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
8500000
4330000
SOOO
30000
No. of
Data
Points
NR
1
1
13
NR
' 1
1
NR
NR
NR
3
2
3
4
5
4
3
3
5
' 6
5
6
' 4
NR
1
1
1
1
Avenge
Effluent
Cooccufntiott
0*/U
10.000
10.000
0.300
0.300
5.000
1.000
5.000.
20.000
12.000
420.000
12.000
10.000
12.000 -
22JOO
42.000 .
10.000
-11.000
10.000 .
10.000
7.000
2.000
1.000
7.000
84.000
200000.000
12000.000
500.000
500.000
RonoTd
. (%}
99.96
99.94
99.8
99.75
91.2
99.9
91
92J
86
94:7
NR
99.71
99.95
NR
NR
NR .
NR
963
88
86
97.2
98.2
97.8
35
97^
99.7
90
98.3
Reference
.WERL
WERL
BOAT*
WERL
WERL x
WAO (LFT)
WAO (LTT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCSPP
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
BOAT*
BOAT*
BOAT
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
WAO (LFT)
WAO (LfT)
WAO (LIT)
NRJ-071
070S-02.MJ
5-140
-------
Table 5-45
(Continued)
Technology
WOX
WOX . -
WOX
WO* * PACT*
WOX [B]
WOX[B1
WOX[B)
WOX[B1 ,
Teehwrfoay
Scafe
' Full
' Full
Pilot
. Pilot
Bench
Bench
Bench
Bench
Facility
Zimpro
242E
78D
Zimpro
78D
78D
1Q54E
1054E
Detection
Limit
(rt/L)
50
NR
NR
-S
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
ConccmmiDnt
1 0ซ/L>
6200^82000
100-1000
10000-100000
130000-180000
1000-10000
10000-100000
10000-100000
1000000
No. of
Data
Points
2
NR
NR
3
NR
NR
NR
NR
ATcrag*
Effluent
: (ซ/L)
10950.000
57.000
soaooo
5.000
500.000
1000.000
500.000
220000.000
Removal
(*)
NR
72
98.3
99.9
90'
98J
98.9
95.7
Refereoce
WAO (LIT)
WERL
WERL
WAO
WERL
WERL .
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard. '
~ data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Document
influent concentration was reported as between thi* range.
Not reported
Source: Reference 16. -
Data
NRJ-071
0705-OZnrj
5-141
-------
1.1,1-Tricfaloroethane.. Several sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for 1,1,1-trichloroethane, including data from the HAD
and WERL databases, BOAT Solvents (F001-F005) Rule data, and PACTฎ and WAO
data from literature. These data are presented in Table 5-46. Technologies for which
data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), air stripping
(AirS), biological treatment (BT), granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated
carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ), reverse osmosis (RO), steam stripping
(SS), trickling filter systems (TF), ultraviolet radiation (UV), and wet air oxidation
(WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for 1,1,1-trichloroethane for the following
reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit.' A promulgated EAD limit represents data that.
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater, number
/ - ^ , -
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for 1,1,1-trichloroethane is steam stripping (SS). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 pg/L and the
NRJ-071
063
-------
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
1,1,1-trichioroethane in wastewaters (0.054 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1. -
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.ruj
5-143
-------
Table 5-46
- Treatment Performance Data
for 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS .
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
, AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
Technology
Scafe
Full
Full
. . Full .
Full
Full
Full i
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
Pilot
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
Full
Full
Fatifitr
. IB
201B
IB
234A
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
6B
375E
IB
975B
234A
206B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
234A
238A
234A
IB
238A
1587E
.- 'IB. .
375E
Detection
fjmfr
'. (ซ/W
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
Range of
w |ป: ,
IfluBQBX- '
(ซ/L)
0-100
0-100
0-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1006
100-1000
0-100
o-too
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100 ,
0-100
. 0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
No. of
Data
Points
5
6
4
NR
6
5
4
5
6
3
7
4
NR ,
NR
20
-.5
6
6
4
6
NR
3
NR
3
3
NR
5
7
Arerags
Elton*
CoBCMfnUMHi
<ซ/ซ
10.000
21.000
10.000
1.300
850.000
9.000
10.000
10.000
12.000
10.000
1.000
12.000
4.000
1.000
0300
54.000
5.000
30.000
5.000
28.000
1.300
2.200
1.300
2.000
2.900
0.270
100.000
1.000
RfidMITQ '
<%>
?o
79
89
99.88
87 ,
84
84
81
90
98.9
913
87
98.1
97.6
99.77
89
96.2
39
95
943
76'
85
73.
95.8
77
99.73
70
923
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
!
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL x
WERL
WERL
WERL .
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0705-02-nij
5-144
-------
Table 5-46
(Continued)
Techaofety
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
| AirS
ft-
AirS
AirS
AirS
AiiS
AirS
AiiS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS'
BT
.GAC
GAC
C5AC
GAC
PACT*
Technology
State
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Beach
' Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pitot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Bench
Full
Full,
Pilot
Bench
Fftcuiiy
IB
. IB
IB
241B
IB
IB
234A
202D
REF18 '
K103/K104
211B
2Q7B
812E
222B
SIZE
211B
1362E '
SUE
217B
205E
1344E
219B
<+*
P240
1362E
1264B
1264B
812E
. 2*2E,
Detection
IJmk
(WU
NR
NR
NR
.. NR
NR
.NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR-
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR -
NR
Range of
fnflnmt
Concentration*
<ซi/t>
0-100
0-100
0-100
100.1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100000-1000000
237
130000
0-100*
o-ioo*
1000-10000
100-1000*
0-100
100-1000*.
1000-10000
100-1000
o-iotr
100-1000
100-1000
0-100*.
10-215
10-100
.0-100 ,
100-1000.
100-1000
100-1000
No. of
D*to
Points
3
3
3
s.'
s
3
NR
NR
1
6
' 1
I
NR
I
NR
1
3
'NR
1
NR
NR
I
3
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Average
Effluent
CooccBtnrtxoQ
(Mil)
'7.000
8.000
2.000
. 8.000
1.000
4.000
1.300
1600.000
23.000
48683.000
1.000-
0.500
49.000
1.100
3.000
1.700
130.000
12.000
OJOO
, 7.000
0.200
0.300
10.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
25.000
RemoTri
(*)
S3
84
95.8
. 97.2
98.4
.88
88
98.6
90.3
NR
98.8
975
95.9
99.75
92.9
99 ฃ
97.8
89
97
96.8
99.98
96.7
NR
99.99
96.6
99.35
99.05
93.8
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
WERL
WERL
WERL .
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0705-02.MJ
5-145
-------
Table 5-46
(Continued)
Technology
PACT*
PACT"
RO
RO
RO
RO
ss
ssป
ss
TF
TF
TF
TF
UV[B|
WOx
WOx
WOx
Technology
Scab
Bench .
Bench
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
NR
Full .
Full
Facffit?
Zimpro
Zimpro
180A
2SOB
323B
250B
6B
913
K103/K104
375E
IB
IB
. IB .
1138E
Zimpxo
Zunpro
242E
Detection
Unit
0ซg/D
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
'.10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
50
NR
Range of
In/teem
Concentration
o*ai
4970
405
0-100
, 100-1000 -
o-ioor
100-1000
10000-100000
11900.35000
150000
0-100
0-100
100.1000
o-iod
0-100
370000
6900-9600
lOOOOO-lOOOOOO
No. of
Data
Points
1
I
NR
NR
1
NR >
NR
14
5
7
5
6
5
NR
1
2
NR
Average
Effluent
Concentration
:,
99.9
93.8
98.2
95.6
97.8
93.8
99.94
NR
NR
50
916
983
912
40
99.7
NR
99.96 '
s
Rcftrenca
WAO (LTT)
WAO(Lrt)
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSF*
BOAT*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BDAT .
WAO (LtT)
WERL
HAD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-FOQS Background Document.
*Data used in developing univeisal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between thit range.
NR = Not reported ' -
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-Olnrj
5-146
-------
1,Ij2-Trichloroethane. Several sources of wastewater treatment
performance data were available for 1,1,2-trichloroethane, including data from the EAD
and WERL databases and PACTฎ data from literature. These data are presented in
Table 5-47. Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS),
powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ), supercritical oxidation
(SCOx), steam stripping (SS), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance
data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
j
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for. 1,1,2-trichloroethane for the following
reasons: . .
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database: rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number'
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
' ' v-
BDAT for 1,1,2-trichloroethane is steam stripping (SS). The universal
i * .
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 pg/L and the.
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
1,1,2-trichloroethane in wastewaters (0.054 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-01.01} , . 5-147
-------
Table 5-47
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,1,2-Trichioroethane in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
SCO*
ss*
ss-
ss
ss
ss
ss
WOx
Teehnologr
Scate
FuU
PUot
Full
FuU
PUot
Bench
Bench
Bench
PUot
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Facffit?
6B
2Q6B
68
IB
241B
242E '
190E
Zirapro
6SD .
913
415T
6B
6B
251B
251B
242E
Detection
(MtU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10 '
10
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
(*g/L>
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100 '
1000-10000
30
100000-1000000
416-26400
220-14500
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
10000-100000
No. of
Date
Points
3.
20
3
3
5
NR
NR
1
NR
14
15
2
" 8
10
10
NR
Aferage
Effluent
CoBCCBtrfttlOB
0*/I.)
18.000
28.000
10.000
5.000
110.000
5.000
4.200
5.000
36.000
11.200
10.000
10.000
10.000
. 10.000
5.000
30.000
Ronom
(%>
97.1
79
60
88
54
83
99.68
83
99.98
NR
NR
99.96
99.85
99.87
99.91
99.91
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO (LfT)
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
' 0705.02.arj
5-148
-------
Trichloroethylene. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for trichloroethylene, including data from the HAD and WERL
databases, BOAT data, and PACT8 and WAO data from, literature. These data are
\
presented in Table 5-48. Technologies for which data are available include activated
sludge (AS), air stripping (AirS), biological treatment (BT), biological treatment followed
by activated carbon (BT+AC), chemical oxidation (ChOx), chemical reduction (Chred),
granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon addition to activated
sludge (PACT*), reverse osmosis (RO), steam stripping (SS), trickling filter systems
(TF), ultraviolet radiation (UV), and wet air oxidation (WOx).. The treatment
performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the BAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for trichloroethylene for the following reasons:
(1) The HAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by HAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater. of unknown characteristics.
(2) The BAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database.. These data were used in determining an HAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated HAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the BAD database rather
than other data sources since the HAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BOAT for trichloroethylene is steam stripping (SS). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median.long-term average of 10 pg/L and the
BAD Option 1 variability, factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
NBJ-071
0630-Ol.nij 5-149
-------
trichlorbethylene in wastewaters (0.054 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1. , . '
NRJ-071
0630-01.mj . 5-150
-------
Table 5-48
Treatment Performance Data
for Trichloroethylene in Wastewaters
KfiCISOOfOJJF
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS " .
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AirS
AirS
AirS '
AirS
Technology
Scale
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Full
. Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot .
Full
Full
Full
. FuU
Full
Full
FuU
Full
Full
Full
FuU
FuU
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Facffity
202D
IB
IB
6B
1587E
375E
IB
206B
238A
IB
'. 241B
IB
234A
201B
IB
IB
6B
238A
234A <
IB
IB
IB
. IB
IB
1362E
209B
199B
26A*
Detectioa
Limit
wu
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR .
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR "
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Raofebf
Inflaad
CraccDtntiotti
<ซ/L>
10000-100000
0-100
100.1000
100-1000
0-100 ,
0-100
0-100
100-1000
o-iob
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
o-too
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-tOOO
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000-
100-1000
100-1000
No. of
Data
Points
NR
4'
6
3
NR
7
6
20
3
4
5
6
NR
6
6
5
5
3
NR
5
6
: 4
6
5
3
I
NR
NR
Arerage
CfVhicnft
Concatfraoott
210.000
S.OOO
2.000
10.000
0.100
2.500
1.000
1.500
2.100
3.000
7.000
64.000
0.700
13.000
2.000
1.000 .
10.000
0300
0.700
31.000
87.000
4.000
37.000 '
16.000
1.000
OJOO
1300
27.000
Removal
(%>
99.78
89
99.23
94.1
95.7 '
58
96.7 .
98.6
90.6
97.3 .
96.7
87
71
87
97.6
98.5
89
94.8
92J
74
87
89.7
92.6
72
99.94
9938
99.75 >
87
Reference
. - WERL .
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL .
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
> WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL ,
NRJ-071 ,
0705-02. nij
5-151
-------
Table 5-48
(Continued)
Technology
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS .
AirS
AirS
AirS ,
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
AirS
BT
BT
Technology
Suite
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot .
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
.Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Fu&
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
ftdStf
216B
219B
369A
211B
205E
220B
2178
322B
. 1327E
212B
223B
69A
369A
221B
1585E
1363E
1327E
211B
1042E
215B
208B
222B
322B
15SSE
71D
207B
F001-F005
P4l3.
Detection
Lout
OX/L)
NR
NR
NR '
NR ' '
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
- NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
fnflmait
ConcentraiMHt
teflW
iomoocr
100-1000-
0-100
100-1000-
0-100
' 100-1000* .
100-1000*
100-1000 .
1000-10000
o-ioo*
0-100*
0-100
0-100
0-100*
o-ioo*
100-1000
o-ibo
1000-10000-
0-100
0-100ป
o-ioo*
0-100-
1000-10000
1000-10000*
100-1000-
6-100'
60
16-76
No. of
Data
Mil !*!*
mmv
1
1
NR
1
NR
1
1
10
NR
1
1
NR
NR
1
1
NR
NR
1
NR
i
l
1
7
1
t
1
1
3
ATeragt
Effluent
COBMIltlHliUB
I^L)
2.100
0^00
OJOO
3.100
1.000
0.200
1.200
0.460
' ' 190.000
0.400
0.500
1.400.
3.000
0.500
4300
5.000
4.300
7.700.
0.300
0.500
0.700
0.300
11.000
170.000
5.000
0500
5.800
10.000
Removai
(*>
98.9
9958
99:44
98.6
97.2
99.92'
99.69
99.91
91J
99.6
98.2
98.1
93.2
99.44
87
97.1
87
993
99.68
98
99.03
99 21
99.77
84
985
98.7
903
NR
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
BOAT
NRJ-071
0705-02.mj
5-152
-------
Table 5-48
(Continued)
Technology
BT
BT
BT+AC
CAC+AiiS
ChOx
ChOx
Clued
Oued
Chred i
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
FACT*
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
RO
RO
RO
ss*
ss
ss
ss"
ss
Technology
Scafe
Full
FuU
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Bench.
Bench
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Pilot
Bench .
Bench
Bench
Bench
Full
Full
Pilot
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
frggiUfy
P217
P253
' P246
1833O
2026A
2026A
NR
NR
NR
1264B
1264B
245B
1264B
24SB
237A
REF20
242E
Ziiupiu
Zinspiu
Zimpro
2SOB
2508
323B
415
25 IB
68
6B
251B
Detection
iJffffr
.Oaj/U
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
CoocBitraooBS
(ซ/y
98-224
484
40-70
0-100
0-100
100-1000 .
200
280
300
100-1000
0-100
lOO-lOOO-
OrlOO
1000-10000-
lOO-lOOO1
171
0-100
326
90
32.8 ,
. 100-1000
0-100
0-100*
59-10300
1000-10000
1000-10000
10000-100000
1000-10000
No. of
D>tl
Points
3
1
3
20
. 4
NR
I
1
1
NR
NR
1
NR
1
I
1 .
NR'
1
1
1
NR
NR
1
15
10
14
2 '
10
Avenge
Effluent
Concentration
(MfUt
10.000
16.000
10.000
0.200
3.700
' 7.100
5.000
3.900
0.400
1.000
1.000
10.000
1.300
10.000
10.000
0390
10.000
' 1.000
10.000
0.003
110.000
. 5500
68.000
16.100
'. 5.000
16.000
10.000
10.000
Removal
(*>
NR
96.7
NR
90
96.2
94.4
975
98.6
99.9
99.36
985
97.8
. 98.6
99.46
95.8
99.7
89
99.7
89
99.98
78
79
30
NR
99.91
99.20
99.97
99.79
Reference
BOAT!
BOAT*
BOAT
WERL
WERL
WERL
ART
ART
ART
WERL
WERL "
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT-
WERL
WAO(LIT)
WAO(Lrr>
WAO (LFT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSF*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
0705-02.nij .
5-153
-------
Table 5-48
V
(Continued)
Techs***;
ssk
ss
TF
TF
TF
TF '
TF
uvpj
WOx
WOx
WOx[B)
Technology
Scab
Full
Full
Full
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
Beach
Bench
Beach
Bench
Facffity
913
P284
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
- 1138E
Ziiupiu
Zunpro
78D
DeteetioiL
Lout
(MfL)
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Cooccotratiofls
.(ซa)
22900-52700 .
10-10300
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
500000
300000
100000-1000000
No. of
Data
Point*
14
15
6
5
5
5
6
NR
1
1
NR
Areragt
Cfflneot
Uซ/L)
10.000
16.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
5.000
22.000
1700.000
2000.000
^ . 1700.000
Removal
(*>
NR
NR
98.8
99.33
98.5
98.4
932
56
99.7
993
99.66
Reference
EAD-OCPSF*
BDAP
, WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO(LTT)
WAO(LIT)
WERL
'BAD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Document.
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR ป Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
070S-02.ni}
5-154
-------
Trichloromonofluoromethane. Treatment performance data for
trichloromonofluorometharie were compiled from the WERL, NPDES, and BDAT
databases. These data are presented in Table 5-49. Technologies for which data are
available include activated sludge (AS), air stripping followed by granular activated
, /
carbon (AirS+GAC), biological treatment (BT), liquid/liquid extraction-(LL),
liquid/liquid extraction followed by steam stripping (LL+SS), and liquid/liquid
extraction followed by steam stripping and activated carbon (LL+SS+AC), with all the
treatment performance data representing full-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 1 ng/L to 2,
BDAT for trichloromonofluoromethane is liquid-liquid extraction followed
by steam stripping followed by activated carbon (LL+SS+AC). LL+SS 4-AC was
selected as BDAT since this treatment train had the best removal efficiency of the
Agency-sponsored BDAT wastewater treatment tests. As explained in Section 4.3, the
Agency preferred the use of the BDAT database rather than other data sources (with the
i ' "
exception of the BAD database) since data generated as pan of the BDAT program
follow EPA protocols for sampling and analysis procedures.
The universal standard for trichloromonofluoromethane was calculated
using an effluent concentration of 7 /tg/L and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
trichloromonofluoromethane in wastewaters (0.040 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and
is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0630-01.nij
5-155
-------
Table 5-49
Treatment Performance Data
for Trichloromonofluoromethane in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
AS
AirS+GAC
BT
BT
LL
LL
LL-fSS.
LL4-SS+AC
Technology
Scale
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
. ' Full
Facifiry
KY0003603
NY0157112
NY0157112
NJ0028291
NY0002101
NY0199371
NY0002101
LA0065501
AZ0000108
A20000108
LA0066435
AZ0000108
NYOOOS096
NYOOOS096
NY0007048
NY0177482
IB
229A .
LAOQ38245
F001-F005
K104
K103
K103/K104
K103/K104
Detection
Limit
Oซ/L)
NR ,
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
" NR
NR
NR
NR
5
S
5
5
Raige of
Influent
Concentration*
te/u
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR . .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR :
100-1000-
0-100
NR
920
250-20000
2500-5000
250-20000
250-20000
Nik of
Data
Points
1
1
I
2
8
19
8
6
11
11.
13
11
t
15
9
ซ
1
19
37
1
5
5
5 .
4
Arerage
Effluent
Concentration
(MfU
64.000
30.000
30.000
1.000
8.750
2.000
8.125
10.000
. 1.000
1.009
4.846
1.736
10.000
, .'10.000
1.000
3.200
4.000
1.000
16341
13.000
2400.000
1250.000
105.000
7.000
Ranoral
(%>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
97.9
98.6
NR
98.6
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reftnnce
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
.NPDES
NPDES
NPDES'
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
NPDES
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT*
HAD data presented in the BDAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Document
'Data use4 in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR - Not reported ? -
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.nrj
5-156
-------
12J-Trichloropropane. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for 1,2,3-trichloropropane from any of the examined sources. Treatment
s
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent .-
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that 1,2-dichloropropane is the most appropriate constituent from which
to transfer treatment performance data to 1,2,3-trichloropropane. The treatment
performance data for 1,2-dichloropropane are presented .in Table 5-27. The transfer of
treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for 1,2,3-
, trichloropropane of activated sludge biological treatment (AS). The universal standard
for 1,2,3-trichloropropane wastewaters (0.85 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown
in Table 6-1. ' . . '
NRJ-071
063WH.MJ
5-157
-------
l.U-Trichloro-U^-trifluoroethane. Treatment performance data for.
IJ^-trichloro-ljZjZ-trifluoroetbane'were compiled from the WERL and NPDES
databases and are presented in Table 5-50. The technology fo> which data are available
is wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent pilot-scale
studies with effluent concentrations ranging from 1 pg/L to 2,000
Based on evaluation of this data, EPA does not believe that the effluent
concentration reported in the WOx test represents effluent values that are routinely
achievable by industry. Additionally, the Agency does not believe that establishing a
universal standard for l,l,2-tricriloro-l,2,2-triiluoroethane based on the NPDES data is
appropriate since it could not be determined that these data represent substantial
treatment by a demonstrated technology. Therefore, EPA is not basing the BDAT
standard for l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane on these data but is transferring
treatment performance data from a constituent judged to be similar with respect to
elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that '
i
hexachloroethane is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer treatment
performance data to l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane. The treatment performance
data for hexachloroethane are presented in Table 5-101. The transfer of treatment
performance data from this constituent results in a BDAT for 1,1,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-
trifluoroethane of activated sludge biological treatment followed by filtration (AS+Fil).
- ' . '
The universal standard for l,l,2-trichlorp-l,2,2-trifluoroethane wastewaters (0.057 mg/L)
is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1. ,
NRJ-071
063
-------
Table 5-50
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane in Wastewaters
!
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
WOx
Technology
Scale
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
VmaStr
NY0005096
NY0003395
NYOOOS86Q
NYOOQS860
NY0005860
NY0005860
NY0107409
78D
Detection
limit
<ซซ.>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
.NR
NR
Range of
CoraomtioM
(HfU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR ,
. NR' '
NR
1000000
No. of
Date
Pants
14
3
6
1
17
9
2
NR. .'
' A?erซgป
' ECRotnt
CoiiccutrMMii
(M/L)
10.000
5.000
10.000
' 1.000
1.000
3.100
1.000
2000,000
Removal
(*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
99,93
Refereoce
NPDES
NPDES.
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
Not repotted
nx: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
5-159
-------
Vinyl chloride. Wastewater treatment performance data for vinyl chloride
i
were available from the HAD and WERL databases. These data are presented in Table
5-51. Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS), activated
sludge followed by filtration (AS + Fil), air stripping (AirS), and steam stripping (SS).
The treatment performance data represent pilot- and full-scale data,
< The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for vinyl chloride for the following reasons;
(1) The BAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by HAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can,
adequately represent a wastewater of unknown characteristics.
(2) The BAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the ,
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an HAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated HAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the HAD database rather
than other data sources since the HAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
v - *
BDAT for vinyl chloride is steam stripping (SS). The universal standard
was calculated using the HAD median long-term average of 50 pg/L and the BAD
Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for vinyl
chloride in wastewaters (0.27 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-
1. ' ..'-.'-.
NRJ-071
063
-------
Table 5-51
Treatment Performance Data
for Vinyl Chloride in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS + Fil
AirS
'AirS
AirS
SS
ssซ
ss-
SS .
Teehneiogr
Scab
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
Pilot
Full
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuB
Faciity
6B
IB
IB
IB
6B
217B
I344E
69A
. 251B
913
725
6B
DdtctuMH
Limit
(ra/D
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
SO
50
NR
. Range of
Inflotot
Coocmlfitiooi
(ftfu
100-1000
1000-10000
0-LOO
10000.100000
1000-10000
0-100*
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
50-3500
410000-2230000
1000000
No. of
Data
Points
3
6
4
6 .
14
1
NR
NR
10 "
.14
13
U
Avn$&
Effteatt
Crnii nmfirtt-t-tjimm.
1rlirT*tfrlTifflt
<ซ/L)
' 50.000
100.000
20.000
3900.000 .
, 50.000
0.500
0.100
0.300
10.000
50.000
37944.200
120.000
RcmoTai
(*>
94.9
.94.1
80
92.9
98.3
93.1
99.99
96.4
99.88
NR
NR
99.99
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16. -
NRJ-071
070$-Q2.MJ
5-161
-------
Xvienes (total}. Treatment performance data for xylenes were compiled
from the NPDES and WERL database, BOAT Solvents (F001-F005) Rule data, and
WAO and PACT8 data from literature. These data are presented in Tables 5-52, 5-53,
5-54, and 5-55. Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS),
air stripping (AirS), granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon
addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ), reverse osmosis (RO), and wet air oxidation
(WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.04 pg/L to 20,000 jtg/L.
BOAT for xylenes is wet air oxidation (WOx). Wet air oxidation.was
selected as BOAT from the combined data of all three isomers because it represents
full-scale data with a high influent concentration range and high removal efficiency.
Other full-scale data with high influent concentrations did not achieve a lower effluent
concentration.
The Agency is regulating xylenes (total) rather than the individual isomers
since analytical difficulties may exist in the accurate quantification of the individual
xylene isomers. The universal standard for xylenes (total) was calculated using an
achievable effluent concentration of 56 jig/L (the average of the wet air oxidation
effluent concentrations representing full-scale treatment) and the appropriate variability
factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard
for xylenes (total) in wastewaters (0.32 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1. ,
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.tuj 5-162
-------
Table 5-52
Treatment Performance Data for
1,2-Xylene in Wastewaters
1 Technology
NR
AS
AS
AirS '
PACT
PACIซ
RO
LWOซ*
Technology
Scato
NR
Fuu
Bench
Pilot
Beach '
Bench
. FuU
FuU
Facffity
NY0183628
1587E
200B
224B
242E
Zifflpro
2SOB
242E
Detection
Limit
oซa)
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
Range of
laOaeat
Concattntiaw
Oซ/L)
NR
0-100 .
100-1000
0-100*
0-100
79
10000-tOOOOO
10000-100000
N9.of-
Data
PoiBis
3
NR
15 .
1
NR
1
NR
NR
Average
Eflhnrt
Coocc&lnitMM '
Cซ/D
198.330
0.100
0.900
' 0.500
5.000
5.000
. 300.000
79.000
Removal
<*)
NR
98.6
99.2
93
93.7
94
97.8
99.92
Reference
.NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
(UT)
WERI.
WERL'
^Tjal
ata used in developing universal standard. '
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-02.nrj
5-163
-------
Table 5-53
Treatment Performance 'Data for
1,3-Xyiene in Wastewaters
Tecbaatogr
NR
"AS
AirS
GAC
PACT*
PACT*
WOX'
Technology
Scat
NR
FuU
Pilot
Full
Bench
Bench
Full
Facffity
NY0183628
1587E
224B
1421D
242E
Zifflpro
242E
Detection
Limit
0*1.)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Inflnent
Concentratioaf
(ซ0>
NR
0-100
0-100*
0-100
0-100
33
10000-100000
No. of
Date
. PoitttgV
3
NR
I
NR
NR
t
NR
Avenge
Effluent
CdflccntratioB
(Mg/L)
193.330
0.100
OJOO
0.130
10.000
. 10.000
33.000
Removal
<%>
NR
98.3
72
20
70
70
99.7
Reference
, NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO
(LIT)
WERL*
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between toil range.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
. 0705-02.nrj
5-164
-------
Table 5-54
Treatment Performance Data for 1,4-Xylene in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
AitS
GAC
Technology
Size
NR
Pilot
Full
Facility
NY018362S
224B
I421D
Detection
Limit
(Mซ/L>
NR.
NR
NR
Range of
btOoatt
Concentrations
0ซ8/L)
NR
0-100"
0-100
No. of
Data
Pooos
.3
1
NR
Arerage
Effluent
Concmli ifKin
Oig/L)
198.330
0.500
0.040
Remoral
<%)
NR
90
37
Reference
NPDES \
WERL
WERL
The influent concentration was repotted as between this range.
NR ? Not repotted
Source: Reference 16.
^^P
RJ-071
0705-02.mj
5-165
-------
Table 5-55
Treatment Performance Data for Xylenes (total) in Wastewaters
Technology
GAC
WOX
WOX
Technology
SOB
Pilot
NR
Pilot
Facffity
REF19
Zimpro
Zimpro
'-'
Detection
Limit
OtfU
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Concentrationi
<ซ/L)
140
21200
S38SOOO
v
No. of
Data
Pointi
1
1
1
AWBgB
Effluent
Concentration
(M/L)
0.100
500.000
20000.000
ROBOTS!
(%)
99.9
97.6
99.8
Reference
BOAT*
BOAT*
WAO
(LfT)
'HAD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Document.
NR Not reported
Source: Reference 16. . .
NRJ-071
5-166
-------
523,
Semivolatiles
This section presents the available wastewater treatment performance data
and discusses the identification of BDAT for the following semivolatile organic
constituents: .
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminofluorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzal Chloride
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fiuoranthene
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
Benzo(a)pyrene -
4-Bromophenyl phenyl
ether
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-sec-Butyl-4,6-
dinitrophenol (Dinoseb)
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-ni-cresol
bis(2-Chloroethoxy)-
methane
bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether
bis(2-Chloroisopropyl)ether
2-Cnloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
Chrysene
1 o-Cresol
m-/p-Cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
tris(2,3-Dibromopropyl),
phosphate*
Di-n-butyl phthalate
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Diethyl phthalate
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate '
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dmitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Diphenylamine
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Diphenymitrosamine
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloropropene
Indeno( l,2,3-cd)pyrene
Isosafrole
Methapyrilene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl methanesulfonate
Naphthalene
2-Naphthylamine
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.oq
5-167
-------
o-Nitroaniline _ Pentachloronitrobenzene
p-Nitroaniline Pentachlorophenol
Nitrobenzene Phenacetin
2-Nitrophenol ' Phenanthrene
4-Nitrophenol Phenol
N-Nitroso-di-n-butylamine Phthalic Anhydride
N-Nitrosodiethylamine Pronamide
N-Nitrosodimethylamine Pyrene
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine Safrole
N-Nitrosomorphoiine 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
N-Nitrpsopiperidine 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine % 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
5-Nitro-o-toluidine 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
Pentachlorobenzene 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Pentachloroethaue '
NRj-on
OTOl^Lnrj 5-168
-------
Acenaphthalene. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance data
were available for acenaphthalene, including data from the HAD and WERL databases.
These data are presented in Table 5-56. Technologies for which data are available
include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by
filtration (AS+Fil), and biological treatment (BT), with all of the treatment performance
data representing full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the BAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for acenaphthalene for the following reasons:
(1) The HAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
< . ' '
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases. x '
BDAT for acenaphthalene is biological treatment (BT). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 pg/L and the
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
acenaphthalene in wastewaters (0.059 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1;
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.Olj
5-169
-------
Table 5-56
Treatment Performance Data
for Acenaphthalene in Wastewaters
Technology
AL '
AS
ASfFil
BTป
Technology
Stale
Full
Full
Full
Full
Facffity
6B
. 6B
6B
1293
Detectim
Limit
wu
NR
NR
;NR.
10
Raaซeof
Tnflnan*
Coatottntitttt
tซ/L)
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
191-699
No. of
Datft
nnsto
3
13
3
15
ATtrage
Efltaart
Goncaotratiofl
(^/L)
, 10.000
10.000
13.000
10.000
-
Removal
(%)
98.4
97.9
99.87
NR
. Referoice
. WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
'Data used ia developing universal standard.
NR 3 Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0?OS-03.nrj
5-170
-------
Acenaphthene. Three sources of wastewater treatment performance data
were available for acenaphthene, including data from the EAD and WERL databases, as
well as WAO data from literature. These data are presented in Table 5-57.
Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS), activated sludge
followed by filtration (AS+Fil), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), filtration (Fil),
biological treatment (BT), powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge
(PACTฎ), trickling filter systems (TF), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment
performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for acenaphthene for the following reasons:
(1) The HAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by BAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with .a variety of characteristics.
(2) The HAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an BAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for acenaphthene is biological treatment (BT): The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 pg/L and the
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
NRJ-071
070W)l.nij
5-171
-------
acenaphthene in wastewaters (0.059 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1. .
NRJ-07t
0701-Ol.nij
5-172
-------
Table 5-57
Treatment Performance Data
for Acenaphthene in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS'
AS "
AS+FU
CAC
Fil
. Blป
PACT
TF
WOX
WOX IB]
Teehnrfogy
Sub
Full
Pilot .
Full
FuU
.. FuU
FuU
Pilot
Full
FuU
Bench
FuU
Bench
Bench
Facffity
975B
. 204A
'68
201B
6B
6B
195B
792E
1293
975B
IB
Zifflpro
236A .
Detection
Limit
<ซ/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
,NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
CooceBtntfent
(W/L)
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
513-1516
0-100
0-100
7000000
> 1000000
No. of
DaU
Points
NR
8
7
3
13
3
S
4
15
NR
4
1
l '
Average
Effluent
COQCCBtrfltMft
{ftlU
4.800
1.200
10.000
1.000
10.000
13.000
10.000
, 2.000
10.000
4.000
6.000
500.000
2800.000
Removal
(*)
77
97
90
99.44
98.9
99.66
67
83
NR
90
86
99.99
99,96
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL .
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSF*
WERL
WERL
WAO (LIT)
WERL
'Data used tn developing universal standard.
NR - Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-03-iW} .
5-173.
-------
Acetophenone. Treatment performance data for acetophenone were
compiled from the NPDES database and industry-submitted leachate .treatment
performance data and are presented in Table 5-58. The treatment technology for which
data are available is biological treatment (BT) and the resulting average effluent
concentration from the leachate data is 2.9 pg/L. ,
BOAT for acetophenone is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BOAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted leachate data showed
substantial treatment of acetophenone and (2) the Agency believes that these data are
representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for acetophenone was calculated using ,an effluent
concentration of 2.9 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor,and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for acetophenone in
wastewaters (0.010 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.nij 5-174
-------
Table 5-58
Treatment Performance Data
for Acetophenone in Wastewaters
.
Technology
NR
err
TซefanelOB>
Scale
NR
NR
Facffitr
NH0001571
CWM
Dctcctioa
Limit
(*fU
NR
2.9
Range of
InSaeet
CoaUBtnrtMna
(ซ/L)
NR
35
No. of
Data
Ponti.
32
'1
Average
ERteent
/''n mi ^iปat'nซ*
coat tiur mult
0*tJ
1036 U6
2.900
Rtmoral
(*)
NR
91.71
Refereoce
NPDES
LEACHATF
Dau used in developing universal standard.
NR ป Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-03.IUJ
5-175
-------
. 2-Acetylaminofluorene. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for 2-acetylaminofluorene from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent.
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that benz(a)anthracene is the most appropriate constituent from which
to transfer treatment performance data to 2-acetylaminofluorene. The treatment
performance data for benz(a)anthracene are presented in Table 5-62. The transfer of
treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for 2*
acetylaminofluorene of biological treatment (BT). The universal standard for 2-
acetylaminofluorene wastewaters (0.059 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in
Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.nq 5-176
-------
4-Aminobiphenvl. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for 4-aminobiphenyl from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine is the/most appropriate constituent from
which to transfer treatment performance data to 4-aminobiphenyl.
Treatment performance data for 3,3'-dichlqrobenzidine were compiled
from the NPDES and WERL databases and are present in Table 5-59. Technologies for
which data are available include aerobic lagoon biological treatment (AL) and biological
treatment (BT). The treatment performance data represent full-scale studies. The
resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.130 pg/L to 33,000 pg/L.
The transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in
a BOAT for 4-aminobiphenyl of aerated lagoon biological treatment (AL). Aerated
lagoon biological treatment was selected as BOAT since the available treatment
\
performance data represent full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration range
i
and a high removal efficiency.
The universal standard for 4-aminobiphenyl was calculated using an
i _
effluent concentration of 24 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
4-aminobiphenyl wastewaters (0.13 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in
Table 6-1. ' .
NRW71
0701-Ol.iuj >!//
-------
Table 5-59
Treatment Performance Data
for 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR -
NR
AL*
BT
BT .
TedmologT
Scale
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Full
Full
Full
FadEtr
MI0000761
LA0065501
PA0026531
WI0025739
LA0066214
NY0083623'
CT0001341
IB
LA0038245
PA0026689
Deteetioa
Limit
<*ปy.t
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
, wu
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
100-1000
NR
NR
No, of
Data
Points
2
6
28
1
15
, 7 '
33
5
37
2
Avenge
Effluent
Concentration
feg/L}
33000.000
20.000
23250.000
0.130
10.000
23.860
683.940
24.000
18.649
2JOO
Removal
,<%)
NR
.NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
82
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL'
NPDES
NPDES
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not repotted
Source: ' Reference 16. .
NRJ-071
0703-03.nij
5-178
-------
Aniline. Treatment performance data for aniline were compiled from the
NPDES^ WERU and BOAT databases and are presented in Table 5-60. Technologies
for which data are available include activated sludge (AS), biological treatment (BT),
carbon adsorption (CA), liquid/liquid extraction (LL), liquid/liquid extraction followed
by steam stripping (LL+SS), and liquid/liquid extraction followed by steam stripping and
activated carbon (LL+SS+AC). The treatment performance data represent both pilotr
and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 4.95 MS/L to
165,000
BOAT for aniline is liquid/liquid extraction followed by steam stripping
followed by activated carbon (LL+SS+AC). LL+SS+AC was selected as BOAT since
it represents the, best full-scale technology with the lowest effluent concentration of the
Agency-sponsored BDAT wastewater treatment tests. As explained in Section 4.3, the
Agency preferred the use of the BDAT database rather than other data sources (with the
exception of the BAD database) since data generated as part of the BDAT program
follow EPA protocols for sampling and analysis procedures.
The universal standard for aniline was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 262 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for aniline in wastewaters
(0.81 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.oij
-5-179
-------
Table 5-60
Treatment Performance Data
for Aniline in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
AS
BT
CA
LL
LL
LL+SS.
LL+SS+AC
Technology
Size
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
Full
Full
FuU
Full
Full
Full
Facftjr
CT0001341
NJOOOS291
soxxxm4
226B
TX0002933
NJ0004219
K104
K103
K103/K104
K1Q3/K104
Unit
taaj
NR
NR ,
.NR
NR
NR
NR
30
30
30
.. 30
Raageof
Initeent
OoncontratioBS *
(K/D
NR
NR
NR,
100000-1000000
NR
NR
150000-300000
33000000-53000000
150000-53000000
L50000-53000000 -
No. of
Date
POfllte
i
16
12
13
'49
2
5
5
5
4
Arerage
Effluent
ConcattraiioB
Gซซ*- ,
10.000
. 7383.300
10.000
80.000
2X670
4.950
165000.000
90800.000
2400.000
262.000
R0covcfy
<*x
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR-
NR
91
91
91
91
Ronoral
. (*)
NR
NR
NR
99.93
NR
NR
NR
- NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
NPDES
NPDES
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT |
BDAT^j
"Data used in developing universal standard.
NR 3 Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
070S-03.nrj
5-180
-------
1 Anthracene. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for anthracene, including data from the HAD and WERL databases. These
data are presented in Table 5-61. Technologies for which data are available include
activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by filtration (AS+Fil), filtration (Fil),
biological treatment (BT), and trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment performance
data represent pilot- and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the BAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for anthracene for the following reasons:
(1) The HAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by BAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The HAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an HAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated HAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the HAD database rather
than other data sources since the HAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases. <
BOAT for anthracene is biological treatment (BT). The universal standard
was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 pg/L and the EAD
Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal .standard for
anthracene in wastewaters (0.059 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table
6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.mj
5-181
-------
Table 5-61
Treatment Performance Data
for Anthracene in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS .
AS+Ftl
Rl
arr
TF
Technology
Scale
Full,
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Facility
6B
IB
204A
6B
792E
1293
IB
Detection
Limit
(MlU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
Range of
Influent
Concentration*
(*S/L>
100-1000
. o-ioo
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
418-943
100-1000
No, of
DaU
Point*
14
4
8
3 '
3
15
6
Avcfagi
EfflBCDt
Concentntioa
WD
10.000 .
13.000
0.900
10.000
1.000
10.000
17.000
Removal
' (%)
96.6
82
97.4
9952
97.2
NR
92.3
Referaice
WERL
WERL
WERL
WBRL
WERL,
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
07Q5-03.MJ
5-182
-------
Aramite. No wastewater treatment performance data were available for
aramite from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were therefore
transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar with respect to
elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that methyl ethyl
ketone is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer treatment performance
data to aramite. The treatment performance data for methyl ethyl ketone are presented
in Table 5-37. The transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results
in a BOAT for aramite of biological.treatment (BT). The universal standard for aramite
wastewaters (0.36 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NKJ-071
0701-01.aij
5-183
-------
Benzal Chloride. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for benzal chloride from any of the examine'd sources. Treatment performance
data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be
similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency
believes chlorobenzene is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer
treatment performance data to benzal chloride. The treatment performance data for
chlorobenzene is presented in Table 5-16. The transfer of treatment performance data
from this constituent results in a BOAT for benzal chloride of biological treatment (BT).
The universal standard for benzal chloride wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.mj 5-184
-------
Benz(a)anthracene. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for benz(a)anthracene, including data from the EAD and WERL
\
databases. These data are presented in Table 5-62. Technologies for which data are
available include activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by filtration (AS+Fil),
N r '
filtration (Fil), and biological treatment (BT). The treatment performance data
represent pilot-and full-scale studies.
' s
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for benz(a)anthracene for the following
reasons:, ,"
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling .episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can .
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully,screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
1 f
/
BDAT for benz(a)anthracene is biological treatment (BT). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 pg/L and the
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
benz(a)anthracene in wastewaters (0.059 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-1. '-. ' .
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.nij ' 5-185
-------
Table 5-62
',
Treatment Performance Data
for Benz(a)anthracene in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS + Fll
Kl
BTP
Techaokigr
Seal*
Full
Pilot
Full
Full-
FuU
Full
Facility
201B
204A
. 6B
6B
792E
1293
Detection
Limit
0*/l>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
Range of
InflneBt
CoBCCBtration
(pg/L>
0-100*
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
1000-10000 .
10414
No, of
Data
Potato
1
8
12
3
4
15
Arei-age
Effluent
CoBctBtrotkn .
0*/L)
1.000
0.600
10.000
56.000 *
3,000
10.000
ROBAT8J
(%)
98.3
97J
97
96,5
99.75
NR
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
*Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR ป Not reported.
Source: Reference 16
NRJ-071
0705"03.nrj
5-186
-------
Benzo(b)fluoranthene. The data available for benzo(b)fluoranthene were
compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 5-63.
Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS), biological
treatment (BT), reverse osmosis (RO), and trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment
performance data represent pilot- and full-scale studies and-the resulting effluent ,
concentrations ranged from 0.001 /ig/L to 10.126 /ig/L.
BOAT for benzo(b)fiuoranthene is activated sludge biological treatment
(AS). Activated sludge was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance
data represent full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration range and a high
removal efficiency.
The standard for benzo(b)fluoranthene was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 10 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting standard for benzo(b)fluoranthene in wastewaters
(0.055 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1. However, as
explained in Section 4.2.1, due to analytical concerns in distinguishing between
benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene, the Agency's regulating
benzo(b)fhioranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene in wastewaters with a single
concentration limit representing the sum of their, calculated treatment standards.
Therefore, the universal standard for benzo(b)fmoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene in
wastewater is 0.11 mg/L, the sum of the calculated standards for benzo(b)fluoranthene
(6.055 mg/L) and benzo(k)fluoranthene (0.059 mg/L) as discussed in Section 6.0 and
Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.mj
5-187
-------
Table 5-63
Treatment Performance Data for Benzo(b)fluoranthene
in Wastewaters
Til
ecmtotogy
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
AS*
AS
AS
AS
AS
BT
BT
RO
TF
TF
Technology
Size
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
Pilot
FuU
Full
Facility
LA0066214
MD000034S
NY0000281
NY0000281
IL0001627
MDOOOQ34S
KY0003603
KY00035M
WV0004740
LA0065501
6B
37SE
375E
375E
375E
LA003824S
KY0002119
1634B
375E
375E :
Detection
lout
<*9(U
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
<ซ/D
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR
NR
100-1000
0-100
o-too
0-100
0-100
NR
NR
0-100
0-100
0-100
No. of
Data
PoinO
15
1
1
9
9
1
1
1 .
1
6
10
7
7
7
7
38
1
NR
7
7
Avenge
Effluent
Concentration
(ra/D
10.000
10.000
5.000
4.844
io.ni
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
' 10.000
0.023
0.014
0.023
0.017
. 10.126
10.000
. 0.001
0.033
0.017
Removal
<%)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
9S.4
88
97.8
89.6
89
NR
. NR
92.1
89.7
93.2
Reference
NPDES
NTPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL'
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
' 'Data used in developing univenal standard.
NR - Not reported
Source: , Reference 16.
NRJ-071
07Q5-03.MJ
5-188.
-------
Benzodtifluoranthene. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance
\
data were available for benzo(k)fluoranthene, including data from the HAD and WERL
databases. These data are presented in Table 5-64. Technologies for which data are
available include activated sludge (AS), biological treatment (BT), reverse osmosis (RO),
and trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data represent pilot- and
full-scale studies..
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for benzo(k)fluoranthene for the following
reasons:
(1) The BAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by HAD include long-term .
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
. data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The HAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an HAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated HAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
. As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the BAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for benzo(k)fluoranthene is biological treatment (BT). The
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 pg/L and the
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting standard for
benzo(k)fluoranthene in wastewaters (O.OS9 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1. However, as explained in Section 4.2.1, due to analytical concerns in
NRM71
0701-Ol.iuj
-------
distinguishing between benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene, the Agency is ,
regulating benzp(b)fluqranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene in wastewaters with a single
concentration limit representing the sum of their calculated treatment standards.
Therefore, the universal standard for- benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene in
wastewater is 0.11 mg/L, the sum of the calculated standards for benzo(b)fluoranthene
(0.055 mg/L) and benzo(k)fluoranthene (0.059 mg/L) as discussed in Section 6.0 and
Table 6-1.
NSJMm
0701-Ol.iuj
5-190
-------
Table 5-64
Treatment Performance Data for Benzo(k)fluoranthene
in Wastewaters
Technology
AS .
-AS
AS . ' .
AS
BP
RO
TF
TF
Tecfaaofett
Sat
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
PaciHty
68
375E '
' 375E
375E
1293
1634E
- 375E
375E
Detection
Limit
-------
BenzoCgJia'tDervIene. Treatment performance data for benzo(g,h,i)peryiene
were compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 5-65.
Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS), biological
treatment (BT), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), chemical oxidation (ChOx(Cl)),
filtration (Fil), and trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data
represent pilot- and full-scale studies and the resulting effluent concentrations ranged
from 0.009/*g/L to 10.108 >g/L.
BOAT for benzo(g,h,i)perylene is activated sludge biological treatment
(AS). Activated sludge was selected as BOAT since this full-scale technology showed
substantial treatment of benzo(g,h,i)perylene and the ability to consistently treat the
wastewater to a level less than the method detection limit for benzo(g,h,i)perylene
(1 pg/L) based on EPA-approved methods (see Table B-l, Appendix B).
The universal standard for benzo(g,h,i)perylene was calculated using its
detection limit of 1 pg/L and toe appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The Agency used the method detection limit value since the effluent
/
concentration of benzo(g,h,i)perylene was below the detection level routinely achievable
using EPA-approved methods. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
benzo(g,h,i)perylene in wastewaters (0.0055 mg/L) is discussed hi Section 6.0' and is
shown in Table 6-1. < .
NRJ-071
OTOl-OLoij 5-192
-------
Table 5-65
, Treatment Performance Data
for Benzo(g,h,i)perylene in Wastewaters
Tccfaaotoa?
NR
NR
AS1
AS"
AS1
A?
A?
BT
CAC
ChOx(a)
FU
Ftl
TF .
TF
Tcctaatotr
Scale
NRL
NR
Full
Full
FuU
Full -
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Fadfitf
LA0066214
LA006S501
375E
375B
IB '
375E
37SE
LA003824S
195B
1081D
1081D
792E
375E
375E
Detectktt
Lunft
(j*T.)
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
R>Bfeof
O^Df
NR
NR
0-100
' 0-100
0-100*
0-100
0-100
'NR
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100 .
0-100
J
No. of
Data
Foat>
15
6
7 .
7
1
7
7
38
8
NR
NR
4
7
7
AkftTACfr'
Eflbott
. COttOCBtTAtMt
NR
NR
96.9
85
91.4
83
86
NR
96.8
73'
48
99.29
87
91.6
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
WERL*
WERL'
WERL'
WERL'
WERL"
NPDES
WERL
WERt
WERL
WERL
WERL
" WERL
Data used in developing univeisal standaxd.
The influent concentration was reported ai between thai range.
NR " Not reported
Source: Reference 16. '
NRJ-071
0705-03.WJ
5-193
-------
Ben2o(a)D\rene. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance data
were available for benzo(a)pyrene, including data''from-the EAD and WERL databases.
These data are presented in Table 5-66. Technologies for which data are available
include activated sludge (AS), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), chemical oxidation
(ChOx (Ozone)), filtration (Fil), granular activated carbon (GAC), biological treatment
(BT), sedimentation .(Sed), and trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment performance
data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for benzo(a)pyrene for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for benzo(a)pyrene is biological treatment (BT). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10.3 pg/L and the
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
NRJ-071 '
0701-01.mj v .5-194
-------
benzo(a)pyrene in wastewaters (0.061 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1. . .
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.mj
5-195
-------
Table 5-66
Treatment Performance Data for Benzo(a)pyrene in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
CAC ,
ChOx(ozone)
ra
fii
GAC
BTป
Sed
TF
TF
TF
Technology
Scale
> Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Bench
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Facffity
375E
375E
375E
375E
6B
195B
153D
792E
1950
195D
1293
1S3D
126E
375E
375E
Detection
tJmft
on/tป
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR '
Range of
Influent
ConceutfalioiB
(rt/D
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
10-426
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
No. of
Data
Points
r
7
.7
7
10
8
NR
4
8
8
15 ,
NR
NR
7
~7
ATerage
Effluent
Conccntra*
tuปUซ/L)
0.027
0.028
0.016
0.021
10.000
20.000
1.000
1.000
10.000
-20.000
10.300
4.200
0.120
0.016
0.033
ReoMTai
(%)
86
88
97.4
86
95.2
98.2
76
9931
50
98.2
NR
37
25
93.6
89
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
WERL
; WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR ^ Not repotted
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
070543.MJ
5-196
-------
4-Bromophenvi phenvl ether. Treatment performance data for
4-bromophenyl pheayl ether were compiled from the- NPDES database and are
presented in Table 5-67. The technology for which data are available is full-scale
biological treatment (BT). The effluent concentrations ranged from 10.0 /*g/L to
10.05 Mg/L. \
BOAT for 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether is biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BOAT since the treatment performance data
represent full-scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The
Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values that can be
routinely achieved by industry. .
The universal standard for 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether was calculated
using an effluent concentration of 10.05 jtg/L and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 4-
bromophenyl phenyl ether in wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-OlJUJ
5-197
-------
Table 5-67
Treatment Performance Data
for 4-Bromophenyl Phenyl Ether in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
ffT
Technology
Sm
NR
NR
Full
-
Wf *1*|
raciiHy
LA0066214
LA0065501
LA0038245
Detection
Ldntt
o*x>
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Concentration
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES1
'Dau used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-03.MJ
5-198
-------
Butyl benzvl ohthalate. Treatment performance data for, butyl benzyl
phthalate were compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases and PACTฎ data from
literature. These data are presented in Table 5-68. Technologies for which data are
available include activated sludge (AS), biological treatment (BT), and powdered
activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ). The treatment performance data
represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 1.3 /*g/L to 136.5 jtg/L. v
BOAT for butyl benzyl phthalate is activated sludge biological treatment
(AS). Activated sludge was selected as BOAT since the available treatment performance
data represent full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration and high removal
efficiency. .
The universal standard for butyl benzyl phthalate was calculated using an.
effluent concentration of 3 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
: 1 *
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting.universal standard for butyl benzyl
phthalate in wastewaters (0.017 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table
6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.nij
5-199
-------
Table 5-68
Treatment Performance Data
for Butyl Benzyl Phthalate in Wastewaters
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AS
AS
AS
AS*
AS
AS
AS
BT
BT
PACT*.
Technology
Sbe
NR
NR
NR,
NR
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Bench
FadStr
LA0065501
NY0199648
NY0032140
NY0032140
PA0022047
;NY018362S
LA0066214
204A
IB
IB
IB
241B
241B .
IB
PA0026247
LA003824S
ZiOlpXD
Detection
lout
' ittfU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR-
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
! ซ*-*>* **<***
0*fc>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
.0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
NR
NR .
129-
No.of
Datt
Pohm
6
11
2
2
10,
4
15
8
3
3
6
5 .
11
6
25
N
38
1
Average
Effluent
CooctBtndiQtt
(t&U
10.000
. 10.730
13&500
58.000
7.000
17500
5.000
.1.300
5.000
2.000
3.000
9.000
12.000
2.000
13.795
10.066
2.000
RemoTd
; (*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
96.2
91J
93^
98J
82
97
96.7
NR
NR
98.4
Reference
NPDES
NPDK
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL'
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
NPDES
WAO(LTT)
NRJ-071
0705-03.01)
5-200
-------
2-sec-Butyi-4.6-dinitroDhenol (Dinoseb). Treatment performance data for
dinoseb were compiled from the WERL database and EPA WAO test data. These data
are presented in Table 5-69. Technologies for which data are available include wet air
oxidation (WOx) and wet air oxidation followed by powdered activated carbon addition
to activated sludge (WOx+PACTฎ). The treatment performance data represent pilot-
and full-scale data.
BOAT for dinoseb is wet air oxidation followed by PACTฎ
(WOx'+ PACTฎ). WOx+PACTฎ was selected as BOAT because the treatment
performance data represented by these technologies were generated by EPA as part of
the BDAT program. As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the -
BOAT database rather than other data sources (with the exception of the BAD
database) since data generated as part of the BD AT program follow. EPA protocols, for
sampling and analysis procedures. Wet air oxidation, and PACTฎ are considered
demonstrated technologies for dinoseb since the Agency believes that these technologies
exist as full-scale units treating organic constituents similar to dinoseb. Additionally,
these data show a high removal efficiency and a low effluent concentration value.
The universal standard for dinoseb was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 8.7 /ig/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for dinoseb in wastewaters
(0.066 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.mj
5-201
-------
Table 5-69
Treatment Performance Data
for 2-sec-Butyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol (Dinoseb) in Wastewaters
f
Technologj
WOx
WOx+PACT*
Tecfaolagj
Saw
Full
Pilot
Faeffity
78D
Zimpro
DetectiM
fimfr
(W/L)
NR
8.7
Range of
Infbnt
Concentrations
<ซ/&ป
10000-100000
<34(MOO
No. of
Data
PMntt
NR
3,
Average
Efuiicut
' Concoitralioa
(W/LV
190.000
8.700
Reaaval
(%)
99J
97.8
Rrferace
WERL
WAO-
'Data used in developing universal standard
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-03.ni]
5-202
-------
p-Chloroaniline. Treatment performance data for p-chloroaniline were
compiled from EPA's WAO treatment test and are presented in Table 5-70. These data
represent pilot-scale wet air oxidation (WOx) and wet air oxidation followed by
powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (WOx+PACTฎ). The resulting
effluent concentration was 120 pg/L. . , .
BOAT for p-chlqroaniline is wet air oxidation followed by PACTฎ
(WOx-i-PACTฎ). WOx+PACTฎ was selected as BOAT because the treatment
performance data represented by these technologies were generated by EPA as part of
the BDAT program. As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the
BDAT database rather than other data sources (with the exception of the HAD
database) since data generated as part of the BDAT program follow EPA protocols for
sampling and analysis procedures; Wet air oxidation and PACT* are considered
demonstrated technologies for p-chloroaniline since the Agency believes these
technologies exist as full-scale units treating organic constituents similar to p-
chloroaniline. Additionally, these data show a high removal efficiency and a low effluent
concentration value. .
** .
The universal standard for p-chloroaniline was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 120 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for p-chloroaniline in
wastewaters (0.46 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-01. oij
5-203
-------
Table 5-70
Treatment Performance Data
for p-Chloroaniline in Wastewaters
Technology
Wpx
WOx
WOx
WOx+PACT*
Technotogjr
Size
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Facility
ZifflpTp
Zimpro
Zinpio
Zimpro
Detection
Link
(MIL}
11000
12000
25000
120,
Range of
Ltfineat
CoutfHit nitootts
46000-59000
46000-59000
46000-59000
46000-59000
NO. or
Date
Pmntt
1
1
1
3 ,
Arerag*-
Effluent
f* n^nnmttmmtmit^
i^onffiiirmog:
(ซ/L>
ND
NO
ND
120.000
Rema*ai
<*>
NR
NR '
NR
99.8
ROlCfCBCC
WAO
WAO
WAO ,
WAOซ .
'Data used ia developing universal standaid.
ND * Not detected
NR ป Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-03.nxi
5-204
-------
Chlorobenzilate. No wastewater treatment performance data were'
available for chlorobenzilate from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance
data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be .'
similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency
believes that methoxychlor is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer
treatment performance data to chlorobenzilate. The treatment performance data for
methoxychlor are presented in Table 5-140. The transfer of treatment performance data
from this constituent results in a BOAT for chlorobenzilate of wet air oxidation (WQx).
The universal standard for chlorobenzilate wastewaters (0.10 mg/L) is discussed in .
Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NW-071
0701-Ol.mj 5-205
-------
p-Chloro-m-cresol. Treatment perfonnance data for p-chloro-ni-cresol
were compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 5-71.
Technologies for which data are available include full-scale activated sludge. (AS) and
biological treatment (BT). The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.9 /ig/L to
11.568 pg/L. -'...' '
BOAT for p-chloro-m-cresol is activated sludge biological treatment (AS).
Activated sludge was selected as BDAT since the available treatment perfonnance data
represent full-scale treatment with a high removal efficiency and a low effluent,
concentration value.
*
The universal standard for p-chloro-m-cresol was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 4 jig/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for p-chloro-m-
cresol in wastewaters (0.018 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
070WH.B1J - 5-206-
-------
Table 5-71
Treatment Performance Data
for p-Chloro-m-cresol in Wastewaters
Technolofy
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AS-
BT
Technology
Size
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Full-
FuU
Fatuity
WI0029971
LA0065301
WI0029971
NY0002470
WI0029971
LA0066214
IB
IA0038245
Detection
Linrit
(ซ/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
lnftnซซซ
Coaea*miaas
oซx>
1.25-7.7
NR
1.25-7.7
NR
NR
NR
0-100'
NR
No. of
Data
Pontfป
2
6
. 2
3
2
15
1
37
Average
Effluent
CooccnmuoB
(M/U
7.700
10.000
1.250
10.000
0.900
, 10.000
4000
11.568
Roaa*ai
(%) -
0.0
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
87
NR
Refenoce
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL"
NPDES
^^R
ta used in developing universal standard.
ซ influent concentration was reported as between this range-
Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ4T7I
070S-03.IUJ
5-207
-------
bis(2-Chloroethoxv) methane. The treatment performance data for bis(2-
chloroethoxy)methane were compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases and
industry-submitted leachate treatment. performance data and are presented in Tabte'5-72.
Technologies for which data are available include .full-scale activated sludge (AS),
biological treatment (BT), and trickling filter systems (TF) studies. The resulting
effluent concentrations ranged from 0.001 ng/L to 20
BDAT for bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane is biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted
leachate data for biological treatment showed substantial treatment of bis(2-
chioroethoxy)methane and (2) the Agency believes that these data are representative of
effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane was calculated using
an effluent concentration of 10 >g/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy '
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for bis(2-
chloroethoxy)methane in wastewaters (0.036 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-07T
- , 5-208
-------
Table 5-72 ^
Treatment Performance Data
for bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane in Wastewaters
1
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
AS
BT
BT
BT
1 BT
t"
plT '
Technology
Size
MR
NR
NR
NR
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
NR '
Full
Facility
NY0178152
PA0022047
LA0066214
LA0065501
201B
MI0029173
NJ0004120
LA0038245
PA0026247
DOW
IB
Detection
Limit
0ซ/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10-
NR
Range of
Infhunt
Caoctatration
(W/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
0-100
NR
NR
NR
NR
50-39S
0-100*
No. of
Data
PoBItf
r
12
15
6
2
11
25
38
25.
3
1
ATeragc
Effluent
(jig/U
0.001
7.750
10.000
10.000
2.000
3.000
9.420
10.140
10310
10.000
20.000
Removal
(*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
92.3
NR .
NR
NR
NR
94.68
43
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
, WERL
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
LEACHATE-
WERL
*DaU used in developing universal standard. .
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR =ป Not repotted ( '
NRJ-071
OTOS-Olnii- .
5-209
-------
bis(2-Chioroethvl)ether. Treatment performance data for bis(2-
chlorbethyl)ether were compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases and are
presented in Table 5-73. Technologies for which data are available include aerobic.
lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), biological treatment (BT), chemically assisted
clarification (CAC), chemical oxidation (ChOx), and trickling filter systems (TF). The
treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting
effluent concentrations ranged from 1 /xg/L to 430 jig/L.
BDAT for bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is activated sludge biological treatment
(AS). Activated sludge was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance
data represent full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration and high removal
_
efficiency. .
The universal standard for bis(2-chloroethyl)ether was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 6 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for bis(2-
chloroethyl)ether in wastewaters (0.033 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
\ i
Table 6-1.
NRWTT
0701-Ol.iuj
5-210
-------
Table 5-73
Treatment Performance Data
for bis(2-Ch!oroethyl)ether in VVastewaters
s
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AL
AL.
AS
IAS
r
FAS
AS*
BT'
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
CAC
ChOx
TF
h
Technology
Sbe
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
Pilot
Full '
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full,
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
Pilot
nm^nฑ
ucQcn
Pilot
Pilot
S '
FaciHty
LA006S501
PA0012777
NY0107174
MI0000868
LA0066214
203A
1 203A
IB
240A
68
203A
975B
KY0002H9
LA003824S
PA0026247
PA0026689
MI0029173
MI0029173
203A
97SB.1
203A
240A
Detection
Limit
(W/U
NR
NR.
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR '
NR
.. NR..,
NR
NR
Range of
fnfloot
CoflcmirafioBft
Cdg/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
1000.10000
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
100-1000
... 1000-10000
100-1000
' 0-100
No. of
Data
Potato
6 .
38
8
8
15
11
11
11
9
3
11 ;
NR
13
38
25
2
15
15
11
., NR
11
8
. Average
Eflhcot
Coaeeatration
<*g/L}
10.000
3.014
25.875
2.750
10.000
102.000
78.000
13.000
29.000
430.000
30.000
6.000
. 12.080
12.492
10.880
2.500
1.000
1.000
114.000
6.000
132.000
65.000
Removal
(*> v
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
29
46
983
67
73 '
79
99.87
NR
' 'NR.
NR
. NR
NR
NR
20
99.74
. 8
32
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
, - WERL
WERL'
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
'Data used in developing univetsal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRI-071
0705-03.nrj-.
5-211
-------
bis(2-ChloroisoDropvl)ether. Treatment perfonnance data available for
bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether were compiled from the NPDES database and are presented
in Table 5-74. The technology for which data are available is full-scale biological
treatment (BT). The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 8 pg/L to
103,766 ng/L. . .
BOAT for bis(2-chlofoisopropyl)ether is biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT since the treatment performance data
represent full-scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The
Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values that can be
routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether was calculated using
an effluent concentration of 10.075 ng/L (the average of the biological treatment effluent
values excluding the 103,766 /*g/L value, which the Agency considered an outlier) and
the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting universal standard for bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether in wastewaters (0.055 mg/L)
is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-07L
070M)1'.MJ,
5-212
-------
Table 5-74
Treatment Performance Data
for bis(2-Chloroisopropyl)ether in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR,
NR
NR
NR
[NR
IBT*
IBTP
IR
Technology
Sซ*
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
FuU '
Full
Full
Facifitr
LA0066214
LA0065501
IL0001627
KY0003514
KY0003603
MD0000345
WV0004740
MI0000540
PA0022047
LA0038245
PA0026247
KY0002119
Detection
Limit
0
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
^NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
, NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES"
NPDES*
NPDES
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRW71
OTOS^OXnrj
5-213
-------
~l
2-Chloronaphthalene. Treatment performance data for 2-chioronaph-
thalene were compiled from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-75. The
technology for which data are available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The
effluent concentrations ranged from 10.0>g/L to 10.05 /tg/L.
BDAT for 2-chloronaphthalene is biological treatment (BT). Biological
treatment was selected as BDAT since the treatment performance data represent full-
scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry.
The universal standard for 2-chloronaphthalene was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 10.05 j*g/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 2-
chloronaphthalene in wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
OTDl-Otjuj " . 5-214
-------
Table 5-75
Treatment Performance Data
for 2-Chloronaphthalene in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
HTT
Technology
Size
NR
NR
Full
Facility
LA0066214
LA006S501
LA0038245
Detection
Limit
(M/L>
NR
NR
NR
Range of
.. inflBcnt
f**MMMซa*WM*MBปBซ
coocflBcnuioDS
(W/L)
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Data
Pointt
15
6
38
Average
EfBMDt
Conccfltntiiw
(*g/L)
10.000
10.000
10.050
Rcnaval
<*>
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDEy
Dau used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
. NRI-071
Q"HJ5-Q3.iuj
5-215
-------
2-ChIorophenol. Treatment performance data for 2-chlorophenol were
compiled from the WERL database and PACTฎ and WAO data from literature. These
data are presented in Table 5-76. Technologies for which data are available include
aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), powdered activated carbon addition to
activated sludge (PACTฎ), rotating biological contactors (RBC), supercritical oxidation
(SCOx), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent
bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
0.05 Mg/L to 39,000 Mg/L.
BOAT for 2-chlorophenol is activated sludge biological treatment (AS).
Activated sludge was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data
represent full-scale treatment with high influent concentrations and a high removal
efficiency.
The universal standard for 2-chlorophenol was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 10 /xg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 2-chlorophenol in
wastewaters (0.044 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRM71
0701-OLnxj:-
5-216
-------
Table 5-76
Treatment Performance Data
for 2-ChIorophenol in VVastewaters
1 '
Technology
AL
AL
ASซ
AS
AS
AS
PACT*
PACT*
RBC
งSCOx
| WOx
1 WOx(B}
1 WOx[Bj
Tcchnofegj
Size
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Bench
Full'
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Beach
Fadfity
192D
192D
6B
192D
6B
192D
Zimpro
6B
192O
65D
/jiopfo
236A
UOID
Detcctioa
IJn.fr
(a/u
.NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Cn n nmiB-n*^ - -
iriif fBI rntlffm
0 1000000
12410000
> 1000000
> 1000000
No. of
Data
Poratt
NR
NR
2
NR -
3
NR
1
10
NR
NR
I
I
NR
Average
Effluent
CoacculnttiuH
(W/U
i 10.000
10:000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
0.050
93.000
10.000
36.000
13000.000
17000.000
39000.000
Reman!
(*)
95
99.07
.99.93
95
97.2
99.07
99.84
99.78
95
99.99
99.88
99.86
99.22
Reference
WERL
,' WERL
WERL1
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAOOJT)
WERL ,
WERL
WERL
WAO (LIT)
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
OTQS-Oinrr
5-217
-------
Chrvsene. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for chrysene, including data from the HAD and WERL databases. These data
are presented in Table 5-77. Technologies for which data are available include activated
sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by filtration (AS + Fil), filtration (Fil), and
biological treatment (BT). The treatment .performance data represent pilot- and full-
scale studies.
<
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for chrysene for the following reasons:
(1) The BAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by HAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The HAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
1 *
BDAT for chrysene is biological treatment (BT). The universal standard
was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 pg/L and the EAD
Option \ variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
! '
chrysene in wastewaters (0.059 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table
6-1.
0701-oijHj.* 5-218"
-------
Table 5-77
Treatment Performance Data for Chrysene
, in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS + Fi!
Fil
BT*
Technology
Size
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
t Full
204A
6B
6B
6B
792E
1293
Detection
limit
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
Range of
Influent
Concentration*
OK/U
0-100
100.1000
100-1000
, 1000-10000
100-1000
10-67
r
No. of
Data
.
room
8
4
11
3
4
15
Average
Effluent
C ___* 4Mซ
oncc&Graoo&
(fTtff-)'
1.200
10.000
10.000
10.000
1.000
10.000
Removal
96.9
99'
96.8
99.09
99.76
NR
Reference
WERL
WERL '
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
'Data used in-developing universal standard.
NR - Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-07I
07QS-Q3.IHJ:.. -
5-219
-------
o-Cresol. Treatment- performance data for o-cresol were compiled from
the WERL database and BDAT Solvents (F001-F005) Rule data. These data are
presented in Table 5-78. Technologies for which data are available include anaerobic
fixed film (AnFF) alone and in conjunction with GAC (AnFFwGAC), biological
\
treatment (BT), and reverse osmosis (RO). The treatment performance data represent
bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged-from
14 pg/L to 26,000 jig/I-
i
i BDAT for o-cresol is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was
selected as BDAT because it represents full-scale data developed from EAD sampling
used as part of the BDAT Solvents (F001-F005) Rule. As explained in Section 4.3, the
Agency preferred the use of the BDAT database.rather than other data sources (with the
exception of the EAD database) since data generated as part of the BDAT program
follow EPA protocols for sampling and analysis procedures.
The universal standard for o-cresol was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 25 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for o-cresol in wastewaters
(0.11 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRI-071
0701-ot.inj - , 5-ZZO
-------
Table 5-78
Treatment Performance Data
for o-Cresol in Wastewaters
V
Technology
AnFF .
AiiFF
AnFFwGAC
BTป
RO
Techno**?
Scale
Bench
Pilot '
Pilot-
Full
Full
FaciBty
230A
235D
249D
REF17
250B
Detection
(MIL)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range at
9 ft t
IBDDCDX
Cooccfltndow
GWU
100000-1000000
10000-100000
100000-1000000
1886-2536
100-1000
No. of
Dan
Points
NR
NR
NR
2'
NR
Average
Efflbent
ta/w .
26000.000
7800.000
8800.000
25.000
14.000
Removal -
(*)
78
S3
98.7
NR
98-5
Reference
WERL.
WERL
WERL
BOAT-'
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
'HAD data presented in the BOAT Solvents Rule P001-F005 Background Document (25).
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16. .
NRJ-071
0705-03.nrj
5-221
-------
m-/p-Cresol. Treatment performance data for mr/p-cresol were compiled
from the WERL database and are presented in Table 5-79. Technologies for which data
are available include API oil/water separation followed by dissolved air flotation and
activated sludge (API+DAF+AS), activated sludge (AS), anaerobic fixed film (AnFF),
"reverse osmosis (RO), and solvent extraction (SExt). The treatment performance data
represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 72 /ig/L to 17,000 >*g/L. ,
BDAT for m-/p-cresol is activated sludge biological treatment (AS).
Activated sludge was selected as BDAT because it represents a demonstrated technology
with a high removal efficiency and was the BDAT chosen for o-cresol, a constituent
similar to m- and p-cresol with respect to elemental composition and functional groups.
The universal standard for m-/p-cresol was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 174 jtg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for m-/p-cresol in wastewaters
(0.77 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1,
NRJ-071
0701-oi.mj- 5-222
-------
Table 5-79
i
Treatment Performance Data
for m-/p-Oesol in VVastewaters
Technology
APl + DAF+AS
AS1
AnFF
RO
SExt
Technology
Scale
Full
Pilot
Bench
Full
Piiot ,
Facflfcy
1482D
. 241B
Z30A
2SOB
1082E
Detection
limit
fw'D
NR
NR
NR
>TR
NR
Range of
Ittflocnt
CoKentratioa*
Owl)
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
1000-10000
lOOOOO-lOOOOOO
No. of
Data
Points
4
9
NR
NR
NR
Avenge
Owl.)
160.000
174.000
17000.000 ,
72.000 ,
3000.000
Removal
(%)
87
68
90.7
97.7
99.66
\
Referoice
WERL
WERL-
WERL
WERL
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NR/-071
0705-03.01}
5-223
-------
Cvclohexanone. No wastewater treatment performance data were available
for cyclohexanone from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were
therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar with
respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that
methyl ethyl ketone is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer treatment
performance data to cyclohexanone. The treatment performance data for methyl ethyl
ketone are presented in Table 5-37. The transfer of treatment performance data from
this constituent results in a BDAT for cyclohexanone of biological treatment (BT). The .
universal standard for cyclohexanone wastewaters (0.36 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0
and shown in Table 6-1.
0701-OLaij,
5-22*:
-------
DibemfaJi) anthracene. Treatment performance data for
dibenz(a,h)anthracene were compiled, from the NPDES and WERL databases and are
presented in Table 5-80. The technologies for which data are available include full-scale
biological treatment (BT) and pilot-scale chemically assisted clarification (CAC). The
resulting effluent concentration ranged from 10 /*g/L to 10.066
BOAT for dibenz(a,h)anthracene is chemically assisted clarification (CAC).
Chemically assisted clarification was selected as BOAT for two reasons: (1) this
technology is demonstrated in full-scale operation for organic constituents similar with
respect to elemental composition and structure to dibenz(a,h)anthracene and (2) the
treatment performance data show high influent concentrations and a high removal
efficiency.
The universal standard for dibenz(a,h)anthracene was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 10 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
dibenz(a,h)anthracene in wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
0701-Ol.aij
5-225"
-------
I
Table 5-80
Treatment Performance Data for Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
BT
CAO
Teclmotosy
Sim
NR -
NR
Full
Pilot
v
FadSy
LA0066214
LA006S501
LA0038245
19SB
DtfCCtiOB
. IfttUt
Qซ/U
NR
NR
NR
NR
RaBgeof
tnfaent
CoactatratioiB
WL>
MR
NR
NR
100-1000
No. of
Date
ซ * i
' rOBMS
15
6
38
8
Afcrate
Effloent
Cooccuii alum
0ซ/L)
10.000
10.000
. 10.066
10.000
Removal
{%>
. NR
NR
NR
92.8
Referaice
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL'
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not repotted
Source: Reference 16.
NRJMTrt-
070S-03.nij"
5-226
-------
Dibenzofa.eipvrene. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for dibenzo(a,e)pyrene from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judgedi to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that benzo(a)pyrene is the most appropriate constituent from which to
transfer treatment performance data to dibenzo(a,e)pyrene. The treatment performance
;
data for benzo(a)pyrene are presented in Table 5-66. The transfer of treatment
performance data from this, constituent results in a BDAT for dibenzo(a*e)pyrene of
biological, treatment (BT). The universal standard for dibenzo(a,e)pyrene wastewaters
(0.061 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-07T
0701-01 .aij
5-227
-------
tris(2J-DibromoDropvi)Dhosphate. No wastewater treatment performance
data were available for tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate from any of the examined
sources. Treatment performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from
a constituent judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional
groups. The^ Agency believes that bromomethane is the most appropriate constituent
from which to transfer treatment performance data to tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate.
The treatment performance data for bromomethane are presented in Table 5-12. The
transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for
tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate of activated sludge biological treatment (AS). The
universal standard for tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate wastewaters (0.11 mg/L) is
discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NRW7T
0701-Ql.ltlj;
5-228
-------
Di-n-butyl phthalate. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for di-n-butyl phthalate, including data from the HAD and WERL
databases. These data are presented in Table 5-81. Technologies for which data are
available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), chemically assisted
clarification (CAC), chemical oxidation (ChOx), biological treatment (BT), and trickling
filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-
scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for di-n-butyl phthalate for the following
reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are .representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry^
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance-data-with^longer-term samplmg-anda..greaterniiinber,
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for di-n-butyl phthalate is biological treatment (BT). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 17.606 /ig/L an^
the. EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard
NRJ-07T
0701-Ol.riij
5-229
-------
for di-n-butyl phthalate in wastewaters (0,057 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1. ' '
NRI-QTt
0701-or.Mj
5-230
-------
Table 5-81
Treatment Performance Data
for Di-n-Butyl Phthalate in Wastewaters
Technology
AL ,
AL,
AL
.AS
AS '
AS
AS ' '
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
CAC
ChOx
BTป
TF
TF
TF
TF
Technology
Scale
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full '
Fall
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Bench-
Full
, Pilot
Bench
FuU
Full
FuU
Pilot
Pilot
Facility
371D
. 203A
203A
240A .
IB
9758
IB
201B
IB
IB
204A
203A
6B
241B
1050E
6B
203A -
975B
948
IB
IB
203A
240A
Detection '
limit
Ut/L)
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
to
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
fnfloat
Concentrations
(M/U
100-1000
0-100
0-100
o-ioo
0-100 .
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100 .
100-1000'
100-1000
100-1000
lodb-ioooo
0-100
0-100 '
19-2000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
No, of
Data
Point
NR
11
11
- 12
6
NR
4
2
5
3
8
11
31
11
5
6
11
NR
33
5
3
U
11
Areraje
Effluent
(ft(U
5.000
14.000
.44.000
8.000
. 4.000
3.000
5.000
'3.000
% 5.000
10.000
2.700
7.000
13.000
17.000
2.400
30.000
47.000
- 3.000'
13.000
6.000
20.000
52.000
16.000
Remoral
(%)
99.5
81
40
91.4
91.7
87
94.4 .
93 .5
93.8
87
93.9
90.4
96.8
96
99.4
98.7
36
87
NR
92.6
70
29
81
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
'WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
'Data .used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-03.BIJ.
5-231
-------
m-Dichlorobenzene. Treatment performance data for m-dichlorobenzene
were compiled from the WERL database and industry-submitted leachate treatment
performance data and are presented in Table 5^82. Technologies for which data are
available include aerobic fixed film (AFF), activated sludge (AS), air stripping (AirS),
biological granular activated carbon (BGAC), granular activated carbon (GAC),
powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ), reverse osmosis (RO),
and biological treatment (BT). The treatment performance data represent bench*, pilot-,
and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.160 j*g/L to
3,300
BOAT for m-dichlorobenzene is biological treatment (BT). Biological
treatment was selected as BOAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted leachate
data for biological treatment showed substantial treatment of m-dichlorobenzene and (2)
the Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values that can be
routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for m-dichlorobenzene was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 10 /ug/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
m-dichlorobenzene in wastewaters (0.036 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-1.
07DI-OI.nij
5-232'
-------
Table 5-82
Treatment Performance Data
for m-Dichlorobenzene in Wastewaters
1 Technology
AFF
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AirS
[ BGAC
IBT
I GAC
PACT*
PACT*
RO
RO
Tecitnotogr
Size
Bench
Full
Full
'Pilot ',
Full .
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
NR
Full
Bench
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Facffitr
501A
1587E
975B
241B
IB
975B .
202D
1328E
501A
DOW
1421D
975B
6B
323B
180A '
Detection
limi^
(0/U
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR
. NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Concentrations
OWU
0-100
5-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
10000-100000
10000-100000
0-100
46-205
' MOO
: 0-100
100-1000
0-100*
0-100
No. of
Data
Ftrintt
1 34
NR
NR
11
' 2
NR
NR
5
34
3
NR
NR
10
1
NR
Avenge
Effluent
Concentration
(W/L)
7.100 '
0.270
3.600
41.000
5.000
1.200
340.000
3300.000 '
0.500
10.000
0.290
2.000
25.000
9.000
0.160
1 Removal
(*)
28
77
99.14
89
98
- 93.3
99.51
89
94.9
91,24
80
83
%.9
66
69
\
Refennee
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
,- WERL
WERL
WERL
LEACHATE*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
'The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported ' ,
Source: Reference 16,'
NRJ-07I
5-233
-------
o-Dichloro benzene. Treatment performance data for o-dichlorobenzene
were compiled from the WERL database, BOAT Solvents (F001-F005) Rule data, and
WAO data from literature. These data are presented in Table 5-83. Technologies for
which data are available include aerobic fixed film (AFF), aerobic lagoons (AL), -
activated sludge (AS), air stripping (AirS), biological granular activated carbon (BGAC),
biological treatment (BT), biological treatment followed by activated carbon (BT+AC),
granular activated carbon (GAG), powdered activated carbon addition to activated
sludge (PACTฎ), rotating biological contactor (RBC), reverse osmosis (RO), and wet air
oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-
scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0-09 pg/L to
2,017,000
BOAT for o-dichlorobenzene is biological treatment (BT). Biological
treatment was selected as BDAT because it represents full-scale, data developed from
EAD sampling used as part of the BDAT Solvents (F001-F005) Rule. As explained in
Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the BDAT database rather than other data
v
sources (with the exception of the EAD database) since data generated as part of the
BDAT program follow EPA protocols for sampling and analysis procedures. The
effluent concentration achievable by this technology is supported by similar effluent
concentrations from the WERL activated sludge treatment performance data.
The universal standard for o-dichlorobenzene was calculated using an
effluent concentration of. 16. /xg/L and the. appropriate variability, factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
o-dichlorobenzene in wastewaters (0.088 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-1.
0701-otmj
-------
Table 5-83
L
Treatment Performance Data
for o-Dichlorobenzene in Wastewaters
Technology
AFF
AL
AL
AL .
AS
AS
AS -
AS
IAS
r
i AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AirS
AirS
BGAC
BT
BT*
1 BT
|BT*AC
Technology
Size
Bench
Pilot
Filoe
Bench
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
FuU
Bench
Full
Full
Bench .
Pilot
Bench
Full
FuU
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Bench
FuU
FuU
Full
Full
Faeflity
501A
192D
192D
371D
IB
, 6B
192D
192D
6B
.IB
IB
6B
200B
IB
1587E
202D
; 241B
1050E
375E '
6B
10S4E
1328E
222B
501A .'
P246
P202
P206
P246
Defection
Limit
(W/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR--
NR
NR..
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR-
Rangeof
( LtfloCBt
C nin* yol niffanit
OtfL>
. 0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
1000-10000
1000-10000 '
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
, 0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000 .
- 0-100
- 100-1000 - -
100-1000
10000.100000
o-vxr
0-100
768-2801
135O4387
233-2333
768-3275'
No. of
Data
Pomtt
25
NR
NR
NR
4
3
NR
NR
330
2
3
4
14.
5
NR
NR.
10
5
7
,. ., ..3.,,
NR
5
1
34
. 1*
, 4
10
17'
Average
EfBnent
ConceottatMW
(M/L)
0.380'
10.000
100.000
72.000
6.000
52.000
. 110.000
270.000
35.000
.5.000
. 2.000
16.000
8,000
10.000
. '1.200
50.000
25.000
1.600
5.000
10.000-
8.000
6200.000
0.500
0.310
5%.000
16.000
88.000
176.000-
ReouTal
(*)
96
97.7
94.8
97.6
96 '
98.5 .
94.3
37
96.2
96.2
94,3
99.33
9X7
91.7
79
99.94
93J
99.6
67
- - 92.9- -'
98.4
74-
83
96.8
NR
NR
NR
NR
KtnMrCBCC
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL '
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
--- -WERL.. .
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
BOAT1-*
BOAT
BDATV
.0705-03.nij
5-235
-------
Table 5-83
(Continued)
Technology
GAC
GAC.
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
RBC
RO
RO
WOx
WO*
WOx
Technology
Size
Full
Full
Bcncn
Bench
' Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Facffity
245B
1421D
242E '
200B
6B
6B
192D
. 323B
180A
Zinpro
Zimpro
78D
Detecttoa
Limit
(m/L>
NR
. NR
NR.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
N
NR
Range of
Influent
Concentration!
Gซ/L>
100-1000"
0-100
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000 .
100-1000
100-1000
O-lOO*
0-100
590000
6530000
> 1000000
No. of
Data
11-fri J
rOtHfS
i-
NR
NR
14.
10
4
NR
1
NR
I
1
NR
Average
Effluent
Concentration
GBJ/L)
10.000
0.270
" 5.000
2.900 .
88.000 .
. 64.000
10.000
11.000
0.090
150000.000
2017000.000
29000.000
Removal
(%)
98.9
90
83
97 J
98.5
90
97.7
70
92-5
74.6
69.1
98.7
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO (LTT)
WAO (LIT)
WERL
BAD data presented in the.BOAT Solvents Rule F001-F005 Background Document
'Data used in developing universal standard.
"The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported ' '
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071"
070S-03.nrj
5-236
-------
p-Pichlorobenzene. Treatment performance data for p-dichlorobenzene,
were compiled from the WERL database and WAO data from Literature. These data
i
are presented in Table 5^84. Technologies for which data are available include aerobic
fixed film (AFF), aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), air stripping (AirS),
biological granular activated carbon (BGAC), chemically assisted clarification (CAC),
chemical oxidation (ChOx), granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon
addition to activated sludge (PACT*), rotating biological contactor (RBC), reverse
osmosis (RO), and trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data
represent bench-, pilot, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 0.004 ^g/L to 3,600 /*g/L.
BOAT for p-dichlorobenzene is activated sludge biological treatment (AS).
Activated sludge was selected as BOAT since the available treatment performance data
represent full-scale treatment with high influent concentrations and high removal ;
efficiencies. ' v - -
The universal standard for p-dichlorobenzene was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 16.33 /*g/L (the average of the full-scale data presented for the
activated sludge technology in the high influent concentration ranges) and the
appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting universal standard for p-dichlorobenzene in wastewaters (0.090 mg/L) is
discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown,in Table 6-1.
NRj-orr
0701-01.hlj
5-237
-------
Table 5,84
Treatment Performance Data
for p-Dichlorobenzene in Wastewaters
Technology
AFF
AL
AL
AL .
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS*
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS*
AS
AS1
AirS
BGAC
CAC
ChOx
Technology
Scale
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full,
. Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full .
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Beach
Pilot
offltClt
Facility
S01A
192D
203A
203A
192D
,1B
234A
241B
975B
192D
631D
631D
240A
192D
234A
241B
201B
IB
IB
203A '
234A
6B
975B
975B
1328E
501A
203A
975B
Detection
TJiiit
<ซ/W
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
... j^-
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR-
' NR'.. '
Rang* of
Inflnent
Concentratiro
(ซ/I4
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100.1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
Q-100*
O-IOO*
- ' o-ioo - "-
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
0-100
o-ioo -
0-100-
No, of
Data
POlBtS
27
NR
11
11
NR
2
NR
4
NR
NR
NR
NR
12
NR
NR
11
2
1
. 1
11
NR
4
NR
NR
5
34 *
11 '
. NRr
Average
Efflacat
..CottcflotratSoo
0*/L>
0.200
10,000
31.000
12.000
10.000
10.000
OJOO
10.000
12.000
10.000
0.004
0.004
8.000
10.000
OJOO
19.000
6.000 .
5.000
8.000
5.000;-
0-500
, 10.000
4.900
27.000
3600.000
0.270
66.000
- 5.000"
RซmoTal
{%)
98.1
88
67
87
90.5
76
81
90.7
99.63
90J
99
99
93.8
88
90
95.1
79
93.1
83
- - 94.6-
91.7
97
92.8
96.6
90
975
29-
91:1
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL .
WERL1
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL.
WERt-
WERL
WERL'
WERL
WERL'
WERL
WERL
WERL
- WERL-
NRF07T
0705-03:Mj-
5-238
-------
Table 5-84
(Continued)
Technology
GAC
GAC
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
RBC
RO
TF
'TF
Technology
Scale
Full .
Full
Bench.
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
i
Facility
-245B
1421D
975B
' 975B
Zirapro
192D
180A
240A
' 203A
Detection
Limit
(0g/D
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Inflwnt
Concentration*
On/L)
100-1000'
o-ioo '
'o-ioo
0-100
'36.6
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
No. of
Data
POBBtt
1
NR
NR
NR
1
NR
NR
11
11
Average
Effluent
Concentratioa
0ซ/L>
10.000
0.200
5.000
5.000
0.015.
10.000
. 0.670
16.000 .
58.000
Removal
<%)
96
92
93.5
92.3
1 99.96
88
61
88
38
'
Reference
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERLX
WAO
(LIT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
lata used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR ป Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-07I-
0705-03.MJ-
5-239
-------
2.4-Dichlorophenol. Treatment performance data for 2,4-dichlorophenol
i -
were compiled from the WERL database, WAO data from literature, and EPA WAO
test data. These data are presented in Table 5-85. Technologies for which data are
available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), chemically assisted
clarification (CAC), granular, activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon
addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ), trickling filter systems (TF), wet air oxidation
- \ .
(WOx), and wet air oxidation followed by powdered activated carbon addition to
activated sludge ( WOx + PACTฎ). The treatment performance data represent bench-,
pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.2 jig/L
to 3,600
BOAT for 2,4-dichlorophenol is activated sludge biological treatment (AS).
Activated sludge was selected as BOAT since the available treatment performance data
represent full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration and the lowest
achievable effluent concentration.
The universal standard for 2,4-dichlorophenol was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 10 /tg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for -
2,4-dichlorophenol in wastewaters (0.044 mg/L) is discussed in. Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-oi.aij 5-240
-------
Table 5-85
Treatment Performance Data
for 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Wastewaters
technology
AL
1 AL-
AS
I.AS
11 AS
| AS
1 AS
1 AS
H AS
r
f AS* ,
AS
AS
CAC
GAC
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
TF
TF
WOx -
1WOX
WOx + PACI*
Technologr
Size
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full ,
PUot
Bench
Pilot
Full '
Full
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
FuU
Bench
FuU
Pilot
.Pilot
Pilot
Beach
Beach,
Pilot
Facility
203A
203A
201B
253B
2S3B
975B
203A
10SOE
1 240A
IB
6B
202D ,
848D
203A
237A
975B
6B
848D
203A
240A
7jfHI>^Ti
Zimpro
Zirnpio
Detection;
Linut
0ซg/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
! NR
NR
NR
NR
NR-
NR
NR
33
Range of
Influent
Cnซn !< ni?aซซn
ifHTTTliTinnfint
njป* < ii
onccAiruioB.
(ซซ.)
155.000
65.000
12.000
0:200
2.100
3.000
1.000
0.800
12.000
300.000
10.000
3600.000
340.000
92.000
5.000
3.000
18.000
10.000
200.000
3iflOO.
380.000
2000.000
36.330
Raa
-------
2.6-Dichlorophenol. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for 2,6-dichlorophenol from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that 2,4-dichlorophenol is the most appropriate constituent from which
t
to transfer treatment performance data to 2,6-dichlorophenol. The treatment
performance data for 2,4-dichlorophenol are presented in Table 5-85. The .transfer of
treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for
2,6-dichlorophenol of activated sludge biological treatment (AS). The universal standard
for 2,6-dichlorophenol wastewaters (0.044 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in
Table 6-1.
NRJ-07I"
0701-Ol.nij-
5-242"
-------
Diethvl phthalate. Three^ sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for diethyl phthalate, including data from the HAD and WERL
databases, and PACTฎ data from literature. These data are presented in Table 5-86.
Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS), biological
treatment (BT), and powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACT*).
The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for diethyl phthalate for the following reasons:
(1) The HAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database.: These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data spurces since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for diethyl phthalate is biological treatment (BT). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 42.5 Mg/L an^ the
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
diethyl phthalate in wastewaters (0.20 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.nij
5-243
-------
Table 5-86
Treatment Performance Data
for Die thy I Phthalate in Wastewaters
Technology,
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
err
PACT*
Technology
Size
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Facility
204A-
6B .
241B
IB
IB
948
Ziropro
Dซtซctioo
Limit
ClBj/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
Range of
- *
luniMU
Coaccatratioas
. oซ/u
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100 :
0-100
14-15000
88
No. of
Datt
Priatt
8
, 36
11
4
3
33
1
Average
Effluent
Cancentratiaa
0ซ/L)
1.200
28.000
12.000
1.000
3.000
23.500
1.000
Remoral
' . (%)
97.4
97.7
1 97.6
96.7
88
NR
98.9
Refenace
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL. '
WERL
BAD-OOPSI*
WAO(LIT)
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRI-OTt-
070S-03.nij-
5-244
-------
p-Dimethvlamlnoazobenzene. No wastewater treatment performance data
were available for p-dimethylaminoazobenzene from any examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent,
, ' ^
judged to be similar with respect to elemented composition and functional groups. The
agency believes 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine is the most appropriate constituent from which'to
transfer treatment performance data to p-dimethylaminoazobenzene. The treatment
performance data for 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine are presented in Table 5-59. The transfer of
treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BDAT for p-
dimethylaminoazobenzene of aerobic lagoons (AL). The universal standard for p-
dimethylaminoazobenzene for wastewaters (0.13 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJW7T
0701-01.mj
5-245
-------
2.4-Dimethvlphenol. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for 2,4-dimethylphenol, including data from the EAD and WERL
databases, and WAO and other data from literature. These data are presented in Table
5-87. Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated
sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by filtration (AS + Fil), anaerobic fixed film
(AnFF), anaerobic fixed film with granular activated carbon (AnFFwGAC), biological
treatment (BT), rotating biological contactor (RBC), reverse osmosis (RO), trickling
filter systems (TF), wet air%oxidation (WOx), and wet air oxidation followed by powdered
activated carbon addition to activated sludge (WOx+PACTฎ). The treatment
performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
t i
used to determine the universal standard for 2,4-dimethylphenol for the following
reasons: ,
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
, data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
, OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
% promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
NRW7T
- 5-246
-------
BOAT for 2,4-dimethylphenol is biological treatment (BT). The universal
standard was calculated using the HAD median long-term average of 10.794 jtg/L and
the EAD Option 1 variability factor., The calculation of the resulting universal standard
for 2,4-dimethylphenol in wastewaters (Q.Q36 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1. ' ' ,
NRf-071
,0701-Ol.mj
5-247
-------
Table 5-87
Treatment Performance Data
for 2,4-Dimethylphenol in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AS
AS
AS ' '
AS
AS + RI
AaFF
AnFFwGAC
BP
RBC
RO
TF
wox
WOX+PACT
WCUB)
Technology
Scale
Pilot
Full,
Pilot
. Full
'Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Full. .
Beach
Pilot
Bench
Facility
J92D
6B
"l?2D
6B
204A
6B
235D
249D
1293
192D
250B
IB
Zimpro
Zimpio
236A
Dctectioa
Limit
(/ซ/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR'
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
33
NR
Range ef
iaBaeat
C OBCntr8tioii8
(ซ/L)
1000-10000
100-1000'
1000.10000
10000-100000
0-100,
1000-10000
1000-10000
10000-100000
16216-T3537 .
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100 "
8220000
530000-790000
> 1000000
No. (rf
Date
Point*
NR
7
NR
14
8
3
NR
NR
15
NR
NR
2
1
3
I
Average
Effluent
Cancentratioa
0<*/L>
10.000 '
13.000
10.000
10.000
0.900
10.000
0.400
0.050
10.000
10.000
16.000
25.000
100.000
75.330
820.000
Removal
(%) '
99.81
98.1
99.81
99.97
99.06
99.9
99.99
99.93
NR
99.81
98.4
38
99.99
NR
99.99
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO (LIT)
WAO
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
-,VR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRM71
5-248
-------
Dimethyl phthalate. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for dimethyl phthalate, including data from the EAD and WERL
databases, and PACTฎ and WAO data from literature. These data are presented in
Table 5-88. Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS),
biological treatment (BT), powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge
(PACTฎ), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent
~i
bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.. . '
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
" . " / ' . t
used to determine the universal standard for dimethyl phthalate for the following
reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
{
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
, both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 43, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data.with longer-term sampling and a greater>number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for dimethyl phthalate is biological treatment (BT). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 pg/L and the
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for.
NRJ-071
0701-01.nij
5-249
-------
dimethyl phthalate in wastewaters (0.047 tng/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-1.
0701-01. mj
5-250
-------
Table 5-88
Treatment Performance Data
for Dimethyl Phthalate in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
BTป
PACT*
WOx
Technology
Size!
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
Bench
Full
FaeSSy
IB
6B
241B
204A
IB
948
Zirnpro
Zimpio
Detection
Limit
Cซ/L)
' NR '
NR.
NR
NR
NR
10 '
NR
1
Range of
InflBMt
(W/U
100-1000*
100-1000
100-1000 .
0-100
0-KW
10-625
332
61000
Mo. ot
Data
rwBto
' 1 '
16
10
8
1
22
1
1.
ATerage
EfOaeat
Caocentratioa
(W/L)
2.000
20.000
13.000
0.800
30.000
10.000
1.000
0.000
RcOAfai
(%)
98.2"
92.8
97.7
98.3
12
NR
99.7
NR
Rcftrcoce
WERL
WERL
.WERL
WERL
WERL '
EADOCPSP
WAO(LTT)
WAO(LrT)
iused in'developing universal sundaid.
influent concentration was reported as between this range.
Not reported .
'Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
070S-03:orj
5-251
-------
1.4-Dinitrobenzene. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for 1,4-dinitrobenzene from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that 2,4-dinitrotoluene is the most appropriate constituent from which to
transfer treatment performance data to 1,4-dinitrobenzene. The treatment performance
/
data for 2,4-dinitrotoluene are presented in Table 5-91: The transfer of treatment
performance data from this constituent results in a BDAT for 1,4-dinitrobenzene of
powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ). The universal
standard for 1,4-dinitrobenzene wastewaters (0.32 mg/L) is, discussed in Section 6.0 and
shown in Table 6-1.
NRWTl
0701-01.04
5-252'
-------
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol. Three sources of wastewater. treatment performance
data were available for 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol, including data from the HAD and WERL
i
databases and EPA WAO test data. These data are presented in Table 5-89.
Technologies for which data are available include activated carbon (AC), activated
sludge (AS),, powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ), and wet.
air oxidation followed by powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge
(WOx+PACTฎ). The treatment performance data represent pilot- and full-scale data.
The treatment performance data available from the BAD database were
r ' j . . '
used to determine the universal standard for 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol for the following
reasons:
(1) The HAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance.datawith.longer-term-sampMng.and.a greater number.
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for 4,6-dinitro-q-cresol is activated carbon (AC). The universal
standard was calculated Busing the EAD median long-term average of 24 j*g/L and the
EAD Option 1 variability factor.' The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
NRW71
0701-Ot.mj
5-253"
-------
4,6-dinitro-o-cresoi in wastewaters (0.28 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and.is shown i
Table 6-1. . -
in
NR/-07T
0701-Ot.mj
5-254
-------
Table 5-89
Treatment Performance Data
for 4,6-Dinitro-o-Oesol in Wastewaters
. Technology
AO
AS
PACT
PACT*
WOx+PACT*
Tecfaaatog7
' Sae
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
^ Fata*
2680T
848D
848D
848D
Zimpro
Detection
Limit
G*/U
24
NR
NR
NR
290
RABgeof
Inflneat
Camtmiens
(W/U
7622-11400
10000-100000
10000-100000
10000-100000
< 140000
No. of
Data
Poofs
9
8
8
8
3
Average
Effluent
CooccntratkM
(M/L)
24.000
20000.000
16000.000
3000.000
293330
Removal
(*>
NR
23
fr
39
89
NR
Reference
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO.
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR * Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
."4RJ-071,
p70S.03.Mj
5-255
-------
2.4-Dinitrophenol. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for 2,4-dinitrophenol, including data from the HAD, BDAT, and
WERL databases, as well as additional data from literature. These data are presented in
Table 5-90. Technologies for which data are,available include activated carbon (AC),
activated sludge (AS), chemical oxidation (ChOx), chemical reduction (Chred),
liquid/liquid extraction (LL), liquid/liquid extraction followed by steam stripping
(LL+SS), liquid/liquid extraction followed by steam stripping and activated carbon
(LL+SS+AC), and powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ).
The treatment performance data represent bench- and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for 2,4-dinitrophenol for the following reasons:
(1) The BAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by BAD include long-term i
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The BAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an BAD
promulgated limit A promulgated BAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both BPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the BAD database rather
than other data sources since the-EAD database represents a comprehensive, source^ of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term,sampling and a.greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for 2,4-dinitrophenol is activated carbon (AC). The universal
standard was calculated using the BAD median long-term average of 50 p%/L and the
BAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the.resultihguniversal-staadard-for--^
NRJMJ7I
OTDI-OLaij.
5-256
-------
2,4-dinitrophenol in wastewaters (0.12img/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1.
Q7Ql-01.ai}
' 5-257
-------
Table 5-90
Treatment Performance Data
for 2,4-Dinitrophehol in Wastewaters
Technology
AO
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
ChOx
ChOx
Clued
LL
LL
LL+SS
LL+SS+AC
PACT*
Tectaotagy
. Size
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Full
Bench ' ,
FftcUilj
2680T
6B
6B
6B
202D
975B
975B
97SB
975B
NR
KIM
K103
K103/K104
K103/K104
97SB
Detection
Limit
(ra/U
so -
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ISO
150
150
150
NR
Range of
iDflBGBt-
f**fHf ftrttrt^JAiM
G*/L>
20000-58155
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
85-94
750000-1500000
7500000-15000000
750000.1500000
750000-1500000
1000-10000
No. of
Date
Pouts
9
2
3
4
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
4
5
5
5
4
NR
Average
Effluent
CoMeomtiaa
(JK/L)
373.000
50.000
50.000
100.000
660.000
4300.000
430.000
42.000
42.000
4.400
825000.000
420000.000
42000.000
297.000
' 42.000
Removal
W
NR
97.4
95.4
97.6
99.31
.19
84
98.7
88
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
98.3
Refereoce
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
ART
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-03.mj,
5-258
-------
2.4-Dinitrotoluene. Treatment performance data, for 2,4-dinitrotoluene
were compiled from the WERL database, and WAO data from literature. These data
are presented in Table 5-91. Technologies for which data are available include activated
sludge (AS), powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge ,(PACTฎ), and wet
air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench- and full-scale
/
studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 58 ^g/L to 26000 pg/L.
BOAT for 2,4-dinitrotoluene is powdered activated carbon addition to
activated sludge (PACT8). PACT* was selected as BDAT since the available treatment
performance data represent full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration and
the lowest effluent concentration.
The universal standard for 2,4-dinitrotoluene was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 58 /*g/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 2,4-
dinitrotoluene in wastewaters (0.32 mg/L) is described in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1. .
NRJ-O71
0701-Ol.mj ; -- 5-259'
-------
Table 5-91
Treatment Performance Data
for 2,4-Dihitrotoluene in Wastewaters
"
^
Technology
AS
PACT*
wo*
WOX[B)
Twtaotogr
Scale
Full
Full
Bench
Bench
Facifity
6B
6B
Zifflpro
236A
Detection
Limit
ซซ/U
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Inflneot
Coiveatnaaiu
(ซ/U
10000-100000
1000-10000
10000000
> 1000000
No. of
Date
Pants
3
4
1
1
Average
EOtoeat
CdoccotrstiOfl:
(Mซ/U
110.000
58.000
26000.000
12000.000
Removal
(*)
.99.13
96.4
99.74
99.88
s
Reference
WERL
WERL'
WAO (LIT)
WERt
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reponed
Source; Reference 16.
5-2601
-------
2.6-Dinitrotoluene. Treatment performance data for 2,6-dinitrotoluene
were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 5-92. Technologies.
for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), and
powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ). The treatment
performance data represent.bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 18 /*g/L to
BOAT for 2,6-dinitrotoluene is powdered activated carbon addition to, '
activated sludge (PACT*). PACT* was selected as BDAT .since the available treatment
performance data represent full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration and
the lowest average effluent concentration of those data which show substantial treatment.
i
The universal standard for 2,6-dinitrotoluene was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 100 jig/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
f " .
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 2,6-
dinitrotoluene in wastewaters (0.55 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1. ,
NRJ-07I
0701-Ol.nij
5-261
-------
Table 5-92
Treatment Performance Data
for 2,6-DiriitrotoIuene in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AS
AS.
AS
PACT*"
Technology
Size
Bench
Full
Pilot
Full.
" Full
FdCffitp
371D
6B
241B
IB
6B
Detection
TJn.it
Cซ/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Infhmtt
ConccDiratioflft
G*/L>
100*1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
No. of
Data
Povtt
NR
3
10
2
3
.Avenge-
EfftMBt -
Com Biifi'rtidp
(M/U
27.000
260.000
124.000
18.000
100.000
Removal
L_ f*>
97.3
92.4
70
18
.70
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL*
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR - Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRMJ71:
0705-03.iaj-
5-262
-------
Di-n-octvl phthalate. Treatment performance data for di-n-octyl phthalate
were compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 5-93.
Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge
(AS), biological treatment (BT), chemical oxidation (ChOx), and powdered activated
carbon addition to activated sludge (PACT8). The treatment performance data
represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 3 /*g/L to 47,000 /tig/L.
BDAT for di-n-octyl phthalate is activated sludge biological treatment
(AS). Activated sludge was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance
data represent full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration and a high removal
efficiency.
The universal standard for di-n-octyl phthalate was calculated using an
s
effluent concentration of 3 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for di-n-octyl
phthalate in wastewaters (0.017 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table
6-1. . "
NRJ471.
0701-Ol.iMj
5-263
-------
Table 5-93
i
Treatment Performance Data
for Di-n-octyl Phthalate in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AL
AS
AS
AS*
BT
ChOx
PACT*
TecfauJogr
Sice
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Bench
Full
' Pilot '
Full
FuU .
Bench
Bench
-^
Futility
MA0005304
- LA006SS01
LA0066214
MS0001970
OH0002445
WI0044636
NY0004138
OH0002445
371D
IB
204A
IB
LA0038245
975B
975B
Detection
Limit
wu
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR'
NR
Range of
[nfhunt
Concentration*
(W/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
lOO-lOOO*
NR
1000-10000
1000-10000
No. of
Data
FoBris
21
6
15
1
6
1
5
1
NR
2
8
1
38
NR
NR
ATenge
Efffaatf
CoaecDtradea
(H/U
; 9.810
10.000
10.000
110.000
5.717
47000.000
48.000
4.000
48.000
12.000
4.800
3,000
9.961
360.000 .
3.000
Rammi
(*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
97.6
79
83
98.6
NR
80
99.75
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL'
NPDES
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing univeisal standard.
The influent concentration was repotted as between, this range.
NR = Not repotted
Source: Reference 16.
NRM71'
070S-03.aij-.
5-264
-------
Dipfaenvlamine. No wastewater treatment performance data were available
for diphenylamine from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were
therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar with
respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that 2-
naphthylamine is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer treatment
performance data to diphenylamine. The treatment performance data for
2-naphthylamine are presented in Table 5-105. The transfer of treatment performance
data from this constituent results in a BDAT for diphenylamine of activated sludge
biological treatment (AS). The standard for diphenylamine wastewaters (0.52 mg/L) is
)
discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1. However, as explained in Section 4.2.1,
since diphenylnitrosamine may hydrolyze to diphenylamine, the Agency is regulating
ป
diphenylamine and diphenylnitrosamine in wastewaters with a single concentration limit
representing the sum of their calculated treatment standards. Therefore, the universal
standard for diphenylamine and diphenylnitrosamine in wastewaters is 0.92 mg/L, the
sum of the calculated treatment standards for diphenylamine (0.52 mg/L) and
diphenylnitrosamine (0.40 mg/L), as discussed in Section 6.0 and Table 6-1.
NRJ-071 .
0701-Ol.mj' '
5-265
-------
1.2-Diohenvihvdrazme. Treatment performance data for 1,2-
diphenylhydrazine were compiled from the WERL and NPDES databases and are
presented in Table 5-94. Technologies for which data are available include activated
sludge (AS), biological treatment (BT), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment
performance data represent bench- and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 7.0 jtg/L to 1,000 pg/L.
BOAT for 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is biological treatment. Biological
treatment technologies include biological treatment (BT) and activated sludge biological
treatment (AS). Biological treatment was selected as BOAT since these data represent
full-scale substantial treatment by a demonstrated technology.
The universal standard for 1,2-diphenylhydrazine was calculated using an
average effluent concentration of 15.811 /*g/L (the average of the effluent concentrations
from biological treatment technologies representing full-scale treatment) and the
appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the
resulting universal standard for 1,2-diphenylhydrazine in wastewaters (0.087 mg/L) is
described in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
070t-01.mjs.
5-266
-------
Table 5-94
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine in VVastewaters
1 Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AS1 '
BP
fwox (Bl
Tecbnotogr
Size -
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. Full
Full .
Bench
>
Faeffity
PA0022047
LA0065501
SC0000914
PA0026379
LA0066214
TXOOS2591
IB
LA0038245
236A
Detection
Limit
ta/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ranซe of
Influent
Concentration*
.te/L) .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0-100*
NR
> 1000000
NO- Of
Data
Mote
12
6
12
3
15
.11
1
37
1
Avenge
Effluent
ConuBttatMa
(MlU
7.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
17.300
10.000
21.622
1000.000
Removal
(*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ซ
NR
99.98
Reference
. NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
, NPDES
NPDES
WERL*
NPDES4
1 WERL
>ata used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
0705-03:mj
5-267
-------
Diphenvtnitrosamine. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for diphenylnitrosamine from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent,
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that N-nitrosodimethylamine is the most appropriate constituent from
which to transfer treatment performance data to diphenymitrosamine. The treatment
performance data for N-nitrosodimethylamine are presented in Table 5-110. The
transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BDAT for
diphenymitrosamine of activated sludge biological treatment (AS). The standard for
diphenymitrosamine wastewaters (0.40 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in
Table 6-1. However, as explained in Section 4.2.1, since diphenymitrosamine may
hydrolyze to diphenylamine, the Agency is regulating diphenylamine and
diphenymitrosamine in wastewaters with a single concentration limit representing the
sum of their calculated treatment standards. Therefore, the universal standard for
diphenylamine and diphenymitrosamine in wastewaters is 0.92 mg/L, the sum of the
calculated treatment standards for diphenylamine (0.52 mg/L) and diphenylnitrosamine
(0.40 mg/L), as discussed in Section 6.0 and Table 6-1.
NRT-OTl"
0701-Ol.aij- ' 5-268"
-------
Di-n-proDvinitrosamine. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for di-n-propylnitrosamine from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The *
Agency believes that N-nitrosodimethylamine is the most appropriate constituent from
which to transfer treatment performance data to di-n-propylnitrosamine. The treatment
performance data for N-nitrosodimethylamine are presented in Table 5-110. The
transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for di-n-
propylnitrosamine of activated sludge biological treatment (AS). The universal standard
for di-n-prbpylnitrosamine wastewaters (0.40 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown
in Table 6-1..
NRJ-07I
5-269
-------
'
performance data were,available for bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, including data from the
HAD and WERL databases, and WAO and PACTฎ data from literature. These data are
presented in Table 5-95. Technologies for which data are available include aerobic
, lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), biological
treatment (BT), .powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ),
reverse osmosis (RO), trickling filter systems (TF), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The
treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. ,
/ .
i
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate for the following
reasons: ,
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can ;
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in detennining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
BDAT for bis(2-ethylhexyi)phthalate is biological treatment (BT). The
universal standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of.4.7.
and the EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal
standard for bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in wastewaters (0.28 mg/L) is discussed in Section
6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.Bij:
5-270-
-------
Table 5-95
Treatment Performance Data
for bis(2-Ethy!hexyl) Phthalate in Wastewaters
Technology-
AL '
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS -
AS
AS
AS
AS -
AS ' .
AS
AS
AS .
AS
AS
AS '
AS
Techooiofjr
Scale
, Pilot
FuU
Bench
Pilot
FuU
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
FuU
Bench
1 . FuU
Pilot
. Full
FuU
FuU
Full
Full
Full
FuU 'ป'
Futt
Full
FuU
Full
Pilot
PUot
Full
Full:
FadBty
.203A
IB
371D .
203A
IB
IB
IB
241B
203A
IB
202D
IB
241B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
XD
Olf * *~
IB
IB
201B
IB
204A
240A
IB
IB
Detection
limit
Gซg/L>
NR
NR,
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
... . NR,, -
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
- NR-
Range of
InflicBt
Conceatntkw
<ซ/U
100-1000
100-1000
1000.10000
100-1000
. : o-ioo
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
. 0-100 ,
0-100
- 1QOMOOOO-.
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
0-100-
No.of
Dซu
Ifj-LJiiiM
rTTUUi
11
6
NR
, 11
6
4 -
4'
5
11
6
NR
3
4
6
6
5.
5
6
4
,.~37.,-..
4
6
3
4
8
10
6
6
Awage
Effluent
CoBCCBtraoott
ivifU .
34:000 .
73.000
' 190.000
30.000
8.000
18.000
5.000
7.000
18.000
' 10.000
60.000
10.000
390.000
90.000
11.000
- 31.000
9.000
20.000
67.000
. .. 47.000.,..'.
11.000
40.000
5.000
16.000 "
11.000
46.000
48.000
51.000- .
Removal
(%)
. 80
39
90.5
82
79
47 .
'81
93.7
89
84
77
ซ
64
59
- 64
72 '
67
'73
33
...,,97.1.,...
76
86
93.8
. 70
79
73
63'
39
, _(
Referam
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL '
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
,.., .WERL 1
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
,WERL.
WERL,
NRJ-071 '
07D5-03.0IJ
5-271
-------
Table 5-95
(Continued)
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
CAC
BP
PACT*
PACT*
RO
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
WOx
WOx
WOx [B]
Tecbnotogy
Scale
Bench
Full
FuU
FuU
PUot
Full
Bench
Bench
FuU
FuU
PUot
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuB
Pilot
FuU
FuU
Bench
Futility
1050E
IB
IB
IB
203A
948
975B
TjBjpfQ
250B
IB
203A
IB
IB
IB
IB ~
240A
ZinipfO
Zunpio
1054E
Detection
limit
(ซ/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
2
11
NR
Range of
.(afloat
ConceBtFations
(0g/L)
100-1000
0-100
0-100 -
100-1000
100-1000
.11-11740
100-1000
561
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
4800
1800
100000-1000000
No. of
Data
Potnfe
5
6
3 '
6
11
33
NR
1
NR
5
11
5
.4
. 6
5
6
t
I .
NR
Average
Effluent
Ciincfutf Htiiui
<(*(U
35,000
10.000
6.000
190.000
15.000
43.300
3.000 '
2.000
8.000
. 60.000
39.000
5.000
22.000
26.000
33.000
43.000
, 10.000
0.000
100.000
RemoToi
(*)
91.2
81
86
57
91.1
NR
99.46
99.6
90
3
77
81
24 ,
32
56
79
NR
NR
99.99
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
WERL
WAO(UT)
WERL
WERL i
WERL I
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO (LIT)
WAO(LTT)
WERL
'Data used in developing uaivenst staadanL...
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071.
0705-03.Brr
5-272'
-------
Fluoranthene. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance- data
were available for fluoranthene, including data from the HAD. and WERL databases.
These data are presented in Table 5-96. Technologies for which data are available
include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by
filtration (AS+Fil), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), chemical oxidation ' .
(ChOx(Cl)), filtration (Fil), biological treatment (BT), powdered activated carbon
addition to activated .sludge (PACT8), reverse osmosis (RO), and trickling filter systems
(TF). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the BAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for fluoranthene for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of .characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated Limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have, undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with-longer-term sampling and a greater, number.
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for fluoranthene is biological treatment (BT). The universal
standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 11.5 /xg/L and the
EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.nij- - 5-273
-------
fluoranthehe in wastewaters (0.068 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1. .
NRJ-07T
5-274-
-------
Table 5-96
Treatment Performance Data
for Fluoranthene in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS-t-Fd
CAC
CAC
ChOx(Cl)
Rl .
Fii
Rl
Fii '
BTP
PACT*
RO
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
Technology
State
Pilot " ,
- Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
FuO ,
Bench
Pilot
* _ .
mot v
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Facility
203A
203A
375E
375E
204A
375E
6B
240A
375E
203A
6B
195B
203A
1081D
19SB
S77E
1081D,
792E
1293
975B
1634E
2Q3A_
37SE
375E
IB
240A
Detection
Limit
(rt/U
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
.NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
1 NR.
NR
NR,.. -
NR
NR
NR
NR
Rang* of
Influent
Concentrations
<ซ/L>
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
o-too
0-100
100-1000
1000-10000
. 1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
988-2141
0-100 . '
0-100
. . 100-1000,
o-iob
0-100
0-100
0-100
No. of
Data
Points
u
11
7
7
8
7
14
12
7
11
3
8
11
NR
8
NR
NR
4
15
NR
NR
U-..,
7 '
7
4
11
Average
Effluent
Concentration
.
36.000
23.000
0.041
0.048
.1.900
0.038
. 12.000
8.000
0.029
5.000
16.000
170.000
13.000
0.045
110.000
0.001''
0.081
8.000
U-SOO
3.000
. 0.007
49.000
0.029
0.044
12.000
14.000
Removal
<*)
65
78
98.1
93.3
93.9
94.1
. 99.25
91.8
965
95.2
99.69
93.7
88
44
35
99.92
42
99.56
NR
77
88
53
97.1
96.3
69
85
Reference '
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSP
.WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071. '
07QS-03.orj
5-275
-------
Fluorene. Two- sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for fluorene, including data from the EAD and WERL databases. These data
are presented in Table 5-97. Technologies for which data are available include aerobic
lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), biological treatment (BT), and trickling filter
systems (TF). The treatment performance data represent pilot- and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for fluorene for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used, in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT. for fluorene^is biological treatment (BT). The universal standard
was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 10 jtg/L and the EAD
Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
fluorene in wastewaters (0.059 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table
6-1.
NRJ-071
07Dt-Ol.iHj
5-276"
-------
Table 5-97
Treatment Performance Data
for Fluorene in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AS
AS
Bfl*
TF
Tecbaotogf
Scale
Full
FuU
Pilot
Full
FuU
Fftctbiy
6B
6B
204A
1293
IB
Detection
Limk
100.1000
1000-10000
0-100
678-1873
0-100
No. of
Data
Poiott
3
13 .
8
15
4
' Avenge
Efflnent
Cooctatttfim
WL)
10.000
10.000
0.700
10.000
20.000
Removal
<*>
. 94.1
99.17
98.2
NR
54
Refert**
WHRL
WERL
WERL
EAD-OCPSF-
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16. .
NRJ-07T
5-277"
-------
Hexachlorobenzene. Treatment performance data for hexachlorobenzene
were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 5-98. Technologies
for which data are available include activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by
filtration (AS+Fil), and granular activated carbon (GAC). The treatment performance
data represent full-scale studies and show effluent concentrations ranging from 0.01
to20/*g/L
BOAT for hexachlorobenzene is activated sludge followed by filtration
'(AS + Fil). Activated sludge followed by filtration was selected as BDAT since the
available treatment performance data represent full-scale treatment with a high influent
concentration and a high removal efficiency.
The universal standard for hexachlorobenzene was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 10 ng/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
hexachlorobenzene in wastewaters (O.OSS mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-1.
.VRWTI"
0701-OlJuj ,
,5-278"
-------
Table 5-98
Treatment Performance Data
for Hexachlorobenzene in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS + Ftl*
GAC
Techaotogr
SiM
Full, .
FuU,
Full
Full
Facility
375E
375E
6B
237A
DetcctioB
Limit
WU
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
lnflnflnft
ConCBBtntlOflft
OtfL}
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
No. of
Data
ttn'ntM
rOffitl
7
.7
14
I
ATerage .
Eflhatt
Coottttrabon
(j*/U
0.010
0.010
10.000
: 20.000
Removal
(*)
S3
94.4
96.7
38
Refereoce
WERL
WERL
WERL'
WERL
"Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
07D5-03.nrj
5-27T
-------
Hexachlorobutadiene. Treatment perfonnance data for hexachiqro-
butadiene were compiled from the WERL database and are presr- I in Table 5-99.
Technologies for which data are available include activate i sludg 5), activated sludge
followed by filtration (AS + Fil), and granular activated carbon (C.AC). The treatment
performance data represent, full- and pilot-scale studies. The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 10 ftg/L to 20 /*g/L.
BOAT for hexachlorobutadiene is activated sludge followed by filtration
(AS+Fil). Activated sludge followed by filtration was selected as BOAT since the
available treatment perfonnance data represent full-scale treatment with a high influent
concentration and a high removal efficiency. ...
, The universal standard for hexachlorobutadiene was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 10 /tg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for .
hexachlorobutadiene in wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
NRX471-.:
0701-oi.ag 5-280
-------
Table 5-99
Treatment Performance Data
for Hexachlorobutadiene in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS + FiI'
AS + Fil'"
GAC
Tecfaooknr
Size
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
-
Faeaay
241B .
6B
6B
237A
Detection
Limit
(ซ/U
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ranee of
Influent
Concentration*
0*/L)
100-1000
100-1000 ,
1000-10000
100-1000*
No. of
Data
Point!
11
2
14
1
ATerage
Eflboit
ConeeBtntMo
(W/U
15.000
10.000
10.000
20.000
Removal
(*>
96.2
92.8
99.6
82
Reference
WERL
WERL-
WERL'
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was repotted as between this range.
NR ป Not reported
Source': Reference 16.
^^RJ-071
07QS-03.ntj
5-28-t
-------
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. Treatment performance data for hexachloro-
cyciopeiitadiene were compiled from the NPDES database and data from literature.
\ ' f
These data are presented in Table 5-100. The treatment technologies for which data are
available include full-scale biological-treatment (BT) and bench-scale wet air oxidation
(WOx). The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.2 ng/L to 15,000 ^g/L-
- . . V
BDAT for hexachlorocycldpentadiehe is biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT since these data represent full-scale
treatment performance. The Agency chose not to use the EPA WAO test data since the
average effluent concentration was considered to be an outlier.
The universal standard for hexachlorocyclopentadiene was calculated using
an effluent concentration of 10.263 /jg/L and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
hexachlorocyclopentadiene in wastewaters (0.057 mg/L) is described in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-Ott
" ". ' 5-282.
-------
Table 5-100
1 Treatment Performance Data
for Hexachlorocyclopentadiene in Wastewaters
Technology
MR
NR
NR
NR
BT
WOx
Tccbulogy
Size
NR
NR "*
NR
NR
Full
. Bench
Pacffitr
LA0065501
MI002S739
LA0066214
NY0107174
.LA0038245
Zimpro
Mediae
Limit
Uป/L)
NR'
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Inflmait
Concattntioat
(w/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
> 10000000
No. of
Data
Pains
6
1
15
24
38
1
Average
EffiBat
Cofir ftiii'^ttto
(M/L)
10.000
0.200
10.000
1.000
10.263
15000.000
Removal
(*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
99.9
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES1
WAO (LIT)
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR 3 Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-OTT
0705-03.tirj.
5-283
-------
Hexachioroethane. Treatment performance data for hexachioroethane
were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 5-101.
Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS) and activated
sludge followed by filtration (AS + Fil). Treatment performance data represent pilot and
full-scale studies^ The resulting average effluent concentration for both studies was
BDAT for hexachioroethane is activated sludge followed by filtration
(AS+Fil); Activated sludge followed by filtration was selected as BDAT since the
available treatment performance data represent full-scale treatment performance with a
high removal/efficiency.
The universal standard for hexachioroethane was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 10 /*g/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
. . i i
hexachioroethane in wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
OTOt-OLfflj-
5-284
-------
Table 5-101
Treatment Performance Data
for Hexachloroethane in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS+R1*
Tectaaotop
Sue
Pilot
FuU
j
Faeffity
241B
6B
DetatioB
limit
WD
NR
NR
Range of >
Influent
Corantratioat
oซa)
100-1000
100-1000
No. of
Daa .
Porno
11
14
Average
Effbett
CotKeatratioo
(M/U
10.000
io.ooo
,
Renoral
(*)
97.1
93.8
Reference
WERL
WBRL'
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16. <
OTOS-Olnij
5-285
-------
Hexachloropropene. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for hexachloropropene from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
i
judged to.be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. 'The
Agency believes that cis-l,3-dichloropropene is the most appropriate constituent from
which to transfer treatment performance data to hexachloropropene. The treatment
performance data for cis-l,3-dichloropropene are presented in Table 5-28. The transfer
of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BDAT for
hexachloropropene of activated sludge biological treatment (AS)., The universal standard
for hexachloropropene wastewaters (0.035 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown
in Table 6-1. '
NRJ-07I
0701-Ol.mj-
5-286
-------
Indenof 12J3-cd)pyrene. Treatment performance.data for indeno( 1,2,3-
cd)pyrene were compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in
Table 5-102, Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS),
biological treatment (BT), chemical oxidation (ChOx(Cl)), filtration (Fil), and trickling
filter systems (TF). All of the treatment performance data represent full-scale studies.
The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.009 /*g/L to 28
BDAT for indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene is activated sludge biological treatment
(AS). Activated sludge was selected as BDAT since these data represent full-scale
treatment performance with a high removal efficiency and ability to consistently treat the
wastewater to a level less than the method detection limit for indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene (1
j*g/L).based on EPA-approved methods (see Table B-l of Appendix B).
> ..
The universal standard for indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene was calculated based
upon its detection limit of 1 j*g/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The Agency used the method detection limit value since the effluent
concentration of indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene was below the detection level routinely
achievable using EPA-approved methods. The calculation of the resulting universal
standard for indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene in wastewaters (0.0055 mg/L) is discussed hi Section
6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-01.mj
5-28T
-------
Table 5-102
*
Treatment Performance Data for Indeno(l,2,3-cd)Pyrene
in Wastewaters
Technology
N7R
NR
AS1
AS-
ASV
ASซ
BT
ChO.x(Cl)
RI
TF
TF
Techaoiagjr
Size
NR
NR
Full
Full "
FuU
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
Fatifty
LA0065501
LA0066214
375E
375E
375E
375E
LA0038245
1081D
1081D
375E
375E
Detection
Limit
(M/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
laBatat
ComrmtriitioDt
tog/U
NR
NR
0-100
0-100
0-100 ,
0-100
/ NR
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
No. of
Date
PDintt
6
15
7
7
7
7
38
NR '
NR
7
7
Ayerage
Effbait
Cbncentntioa
0ซg/L)
10.000
28.000
0.013
0.011
0.017
0.015
10.097
0.009 .
0.027
0.012
0.019
Removal
W
NR
NR
92.8
97
84
86
.NR
67
59
92.5
89
Refennce
NPDES
NPDES
WERL'
WERL*
WERL4
WERL'
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
070S4B.MJ-
5^288
-------
Isosafrole. No wastewater treatment performance data were available for
isosafrole ฃrom>any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were
therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar with
{ . "
respect to elemental composition and functional groups.' The Agency believes that
phenacetin is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer treatment
performance data to isosafrole. The treatment performance data for phenacetin are
presented in Table 5-112. The transfer of treatment performance data from this
constituent results in a BOAT for isosafrole of wet air oxidation followed by .powdered
activated carbon addition to activated sludge (WOx+PACT*). The universal standard
for isosafrole wastewaters (0.081 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in
Table 6-1.
OTOl-QLaij'
5-289
-------
Methapvrilene. No wastewater treatment performance data were available
for methapyrilene from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were
therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar with
respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that
phenacetin is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer treatment
performance data to methapyrilene. The treatment performance data for phenacetin are
presented in Table 5-112. The transfer of treatment performance data from this
constituent results in a BOAT for methapyrilene of wet air oxidation followed by
powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (WOx+PACTฎ). The universal
standard for methapyrilene wastewaters (0.081 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and
f.
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-Q71.,
070I-01.mj
5-290
-------
3-Methylcholanthrene. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for 3-methylcholanthrene from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene is the most .appropriate constituent from
which to transfer treatment performance data to 3-methylcholanthrene. The treatment
performance data for indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene are presented'in Table 5-102. The transfer
of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for
3-methylcholanthrene of activated sludge biological treatment (AS). The universal
standard for 3-methylcholanthrene wastewaters (0.0055 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0
' > *
and shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
OTOI-Otmj
5-291
-------
4.4'-Methvlene-bis(2-chloroaniline). Treatment performance data for 4,4'-
methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) were compiled from the WERL database and are
presented in Table 5-103. The technology for which data are available is bench-scale
activated sludge biological treatment-(AS) with a resulting effluent concentration of
90Mg/L.
BDAT for 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloraniline) is activated sludge biological
treatment (AS). Activated sludge was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) this
technology is demonstrated in full-scale operations for organic constituents similar in
elemental composition and structure to 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloraniline) and (2) the
treatment performance data show a high removal efficiency.
The universal standard for 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloraniline) was calculated
using an effluent concentration of 90 /*g/L and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 4,4'-
methylenebis(2-chloraniline) in wastewaters (0.50 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and
is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-flTl ,
" . 5-292
-------
Table 5-103
.**
Treatment Performance Data
for 4,4'-MethyIenebis(2-chloroaniline) in Wastewaters
(
Technology
AS*
Tซtanotof7
, Sue
Beach
Fadtty
315B
Dctcctia*
Limit
<ซซ.)
NR
Ranee of
Inflnatt
ConccninttiOBS
(jซ/L)
1000-10000
No. of
Dซa
Fofett
4
Avcsvfe
' Eflteott
: CoaeCBtntiOB
(M/U
90.000
Kenortt
(%) '
95.7
ReArปte
WERL-
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-03.nij
5-293
-------
Methvl methanesulfonate. No wastewater treatment performance data
were available for methyl methanesulfonate from any of the examined sources.
Treatment performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a
constituent judged to be similar with-respect to elemental composition and functional
groups. The Agency believes that carbon disulfide is the most appropriate constituent
from which to transfer treatment performance data to methyl methanesulfonate. The
treatment performance data for carbon disulfide are presented in Table 5-14. The
transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for
methyl methanesulfonate of biological treatment (BT)i The universal standard for
methyl methanesulfonate wastewaters (0.018 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown
in Table 6-1.
NRM7T
OTOl-Qlonj-
5-294
-------
Naphthalene. Three sources of wastewater treatment performance data
were available for naphthalene, including data from the HAD and WERL databases, and
PACTฎ and WAO data from literature: These data are presented in Table 5-104.
Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge
(AS), air stripping (AirS), biological treatment (BT), chemically assisted clarification
(CAC), chemical oxidation (ChOx), powdered activated carbon addition to activated
sludge (PACT*), rotating biological contactor (RBC), reverse osmosis (RO), trickling
filter systems (TF), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data
represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the BAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for .naphthalene for the following reasons:
(1) The HAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by BAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The BAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the;
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an BAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated BAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both BPA and industry.
As explained in Section 43, the Agency preferred the use of the BAD database rather
thanother, data sources,since.the^EAb.database.repjesents.a-comprehensive..source,of..,>
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases. '
BDAT for naphthalene is biological treatment (BT). The universal
-standard was calculated using the BAD median long-term average of 10 /tg/L and the
BAD Option Invariability, factor. ,>The, calculations!the. resulting.,uniyersal,standard,for A
NRKJTl:
, 5-295"
-------
naphthalene in, wastewaters (0.059 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1.
NRI-071
5-296
-------
Table 5-104
Treatment Performance Data
for Naphthalene in Wastewaters
Technology
AL v
AL '
AL
AL
At
AL+AL
AS
AS
1 AS
IAS
I AS
H AS
AS
.AS .
AS
AS
AS ,
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS ' ' '
AS
IAirS
*r
CAC
Tซtaotoซj
Size
Pilot
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Fun
Full
Full
Beach
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
FuU
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
Bench
Full
Pilot
Futility
192D
371D
192D
203A
203A
233D
201B
68
1050E
241B
241B
975B
204A
202D .
203A
240A
IB
IB
6B
6B
192O
IB
6B
6B
192D
1328E
1293
203A.
Dctcctiw
limfr
0ซ/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR~".
NR
NR
NR >
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
Range of
Infltotawtft
CoocatfradoM
te/D
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000 .
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
10000-100000
- .UXMOOO
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
11227-37145'
100-1000-
No.of
Data
Pgjgfg
NR
NR
NR
11
11
21
11
2
5
11
5 '
NR
8
NR
11
- 12
5
5
14 .
-. 13 >--
NR
4
.7
3 *
NR
5 .
15'
- ir
Avcnge
CoaeentntieB
0*U
10.000
23.000
25.000
13.000 '
36.000
16.000
5.000
14.000
1000
8.900
'10.000
1.000
0.700
10.000
4.000
6.000
9.000
10.000
10.000
10.000 - ,
. 10.000
3.000
10.000
10.000
25.000
6200.000
10.000-
79.000
Removal
(*) -
82
.97.7
%J
88
67
983
89
95.9
99 J
97.9
93
99.17
99.09
9956
96 3
95 '
. '86
95.4
99.95
-.,... 99i.,..>
82
91.9
9936
96
96.5
74
- NR*
27-
Referaace
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL-.
WERL
WERL
WERL
.WERL
WERL
WERL
. EAD-OCPSP
WERL=
NRI-OTlv.
5-297
-------
Table 5-104
(Continued)
Technology
ChOx
PACT*
RBC
RO
TF
TF
TF
- WOX
Technology
Size
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Facility
975B
Zimpip
192D
180A
240A
IB
203A
Zimpio
Detection
TJmiซ'
(M/L)
NR
. ' NR
NR.
NR
NR
NR
NR
6
. Range of
Influent
Coocentnlkw
0ซ/t>
' (MOO
.191
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100.
100-1000
1200 .
No. of
Data.
Pomtt
NR
1
NR
NR
U
6
11
1
Average
Effluent
Concadra&B
(Mil* .
2.000 .
1.000
10.000
0.020
14.000
3.00
74.000
210.000
Removal
<%)
SS
99.9
82
80
88
89
32
82 J.
Reference
WERL
WAO (LIT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO (LIT)
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-07T
0705-03.nrj
5-298
-------
2-Naphthyiamine. Treatment performance data for 2-naphthylamine were
compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 5-105. The technology
for which data, are Available is bench-scale activated sludge biological treatment (AS)
with a resulting effluent concentration of 95 j*g/L.
BOAT for 2-naphthylamine is activated sludge biological treatment (AS).
Activated sludge was selected as BOAT for two reasons: (1) this technology is
demonstrated in full-scale units for organic constituents similar with respect to elemental
composition and structure to 2-naphthylamine and (2) the treatment performance ,data
show a high removal efficiency.
The universal standard for 2-naphthylamine was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 95 j*g/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
2-naphthylamine in wastewaters (0.52 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1.
NRI-071
0701-01.mj-
5-299"
-------
Table 5-105
Treatment Performance Data
for 2-Naphthylamine in Wastewaters
Technology
A?
Teefaudofj
Size
Bench
Faeafty
315B
Detection
Limit
(tVlU
NR
Range of
Influent
Confffrtnrtiotift
(W/L)
1000-10000
No. of
Data
PDBtt
2
Averase
Effbart
. C*A"f fltlnl^y
(W/L)
95.000
Rซffiorซl
w
95.4
Reference
WERL'
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
5-300
-------
o-Nitroaniiine. Treatment performance data for o-nitroaniline were
compiled from the BDAT database and are presented in Table 5-106. The technology
foe which data are available is full-scale chemical precipitation followed by carbon
adsorption (ChPt + CA).
' ;
BDAT for o-nitroaniline is chemical precipitation followed by carbon
adsorption (ChPt+CA). ChPt+CA was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1)
ChPt+CA is the only technology for which wastewater treatment performance data for
o-nitroaniline are available to the Agency, and (2) the BDAT data for ChPt+CA showed
substantial treatment of o-nitroaniline (greater than 99.99 percent removal across the
/
treatment system).
i " '
The universal standard for o-nitroaniline was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 50 j*g/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for o-nitroaniline in
wastewaters (0.27 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-07T
0701-Ol.mj
5-301
-------
Table 5-106
Treatment Performance Data
for o-Nitroaniline in Wastewaters
..
Teehaology
ChPt+GV
Technotoir
Sbe
Full
Facffity
K101
Dcteetioft
Limit
(W/L)
50
Range of
CoacariratioM
Ocg/L>
380,000
No. of
Datm
Pomb
1
EfflBOt
Coaecatntieo
. (M^->
<50
Removal
(ป>
> 99.99
Reftnoce
BOAT
Data used in developing universal standard.
Source: Reference 30.
NRJ-flTl
OTO-Q3.IHJ
5-302
-------
D-NUroaniline. Treatment performance data for p-nitroaniline were
compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 5? 107. The technology
for which data are available is bench-scale powdered activated carbon addition to
activated sludge (PACT8) with a resulting effluent concentration of 3
BOAT for p-nitroaniline is powdered activated carbon addition to activated
sludge (PACTฎ). PACT* was selected as BOAT for three reasons: (1) this technology
is demonstrated in full-scale units for organic constituents similar with respect to
^ .
elemental composition and structure to p-nitroaniline, (2) the treatment perfonnance
data show a high removal efficiency, and (3) the ability to treat the wastewater to a level
less than the method detection limit for p-nitroanuirie (5 ng/L) based on EPA-approved
methods (see Table B-l of Appendix B).
* . s
The universal standard for p-nitroaniline was calculated using its detection
limit of 5 ftg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
Agency used the method detection Umit value since the effluent concentration of p-
nitroaniline was below the detection level routinely achievable using EPA-approved
methods. The calculation of the' resulting universal standard for^p-nitroaniline in
wastewaters (0.028 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-01.nij, . 5-303
-------
Table 5-107
Treatment Performance Data
for p-Nitroaniline in Wastewaters
.
Technology
PACT*
Twtantogy
She ,.
'Bench
Faeflity
190E
DetectioB
Limit
(ra/L)
NR
Range of
Inflntnt
Concentration*
-------
Nitrobenzene. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance data
were available for nitrobenzene, including data from the HAD, BOAT, and WERL
databases, and WAO data from literature! These data are presented in Table 5-108.,
Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge
(AS), air stripping (AirS), biological treatment (BT), biological treatment followed by
.activated carbon (BT-HAC), chemical oxidation (ChOx), liquid/liquid extraction (LL), x
i ' .
liquid/liquid extraction followed by steam stripping (LL+SS), liquid/liquid extraction
followed by steam stripping and activated carbon (LL+SS+AC), powdered activated
carbon addition to activated sludge (PACT*), supercritical oxidation (SCOx), steam
stripping (SS), steam stripping followed by activated carbon (SS+AC), and wet air
oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-
scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for nitrobenzene for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can -
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by .
both EPA and industry. .
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
NRJ-071
0701-01.01]
5-305
-------
>.. . BDAT for nitrobenzene is steam stripping followed by activated carbon
(SS + AC). The universal standard was calculated using the EAD median long-term
average of 14 /tg/L and the EAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the
resulting universal standard for nitrobenzene in wastewaters (0.068 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1. .
07oi-oi.ntj , 5-306
-------
Table 5-108
Treatment Performance Data
for Nitrobenzene in Wastewaters
I Technology
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS.
AS
.AS
AS
(Us
w
IK
AirS
BfT
BT+AC
ChOx
LL'
LL
LL+SS
LL+SS+AC
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
PACT"
SCOx
ss
1 ss
is + AC
Teehnakmy
Soe
Bench
Full .
Full
Full
BcnCu
Bench'
FuU
- FuU
Pilot
FuU
Pilot
Beach
Full
FuU
Bench
FuU
FuU ,
FuU
FuU
Beach
FuU
Beach
Bench
'Pilot
FuU
FuU
Full,
Facuty
VlD
97SB
6B
6B
202D
200B
.9758
6B
241B
IB
241B
1328E
P246
P246
97SB
K104
K103
K103/
K104
K103/
K104
190E
68
975B .
2MB
65D
P297
P246
SCO
Dctatiat
Ijaut
wu
NR
NR
NR
.NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
30
30
30
30
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
14
Range of
Influent
Cowentra&MM
wu
1000-10000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000-100000 .
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000 .
100-1000
lOO-lOOO-
100-1000
100000-1000000
, 821-5559
821-90500
0-100
2200000-3900000
1300000-3000000
1500000-3900000
1500000-3900000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
. 100-1000
1000000
8-7000-330000
91200-1965760
14-5460000
No, of
D*tป
Ptiatt
NR
NR
330
3
NR
16
NR
28
4 -
1
10
5
14
18
NR
5
. 5
5
4
NR
4
NR
12 '
NR
10
15
37
Arerage
Effioa*
CoOGBBtnttKHI
OwW
69.000
96.000
120.000
150.000
2200.000
3.000
3.400
: 14.000
10.000
23.000
32.000
96000.000
737.000
297.000
2.000
2420000.000
2200000.000
2400.000
30.000
21.000
14.000
2.000
3.700
22.000
11793.000
251325.000
520.300
Recovery
(*>
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
115
115
115 -
115
\
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Rawwrt
.(%>
97.7
.72
96.1
99.8
97.8
97 J
99.48 .
99.78
92 3
' : 90
923
16
. NR
NR
95.9
.. NR '
NR
NR
NR
96
98.8
98J
'96.7 .
99.99
NR
NR
NR
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
-WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL ..
. WERL
BOAT
BOAT
WERL
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
WERL
WERL
WERL
'WERL
WERL
BOAT*
BOAT*
EAD-OCPSF*
NRJ-071
0705-03.nq
5-307
-------
I
Table 5-108
(Continued)
Technology
SS+AC*
SS-t-AC
WOx
Technology
Sbe
Full v
Full
Bench
Face*
2680
P297
Zmpro
DeteetHtt
Limit
G*!L>
14
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
CowentranMa
(g/L)
87000-330000
87000-330000
5125000
No. of
Data
Print*
10
. 10
1
Effluent
ConccBtrotioii
. (ซ/1->
712.600
713.000
255000.000
Recovery
(*)
NR
NR
NR
RemoTal
(*>
: NR
NR
95
Reference
EAD-OCPSF*
. BDAP
WAO (LIT)
Data presented in tbe BOAT Solvents Rule F001-FOOS Background Document
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-03.nrj
5-308
-------
2-NitrophenoL Treatment performance data for 2-nitrophenol were
N , "
compiled from the BOAT database and are presented in Table 5-108.1. The technology
for which data are available is full-scale chemical precipitation followed by carbon
adsorption (ChPn-CA).
BOAT for 2-nitrophenol is chemical precipitation followed by carbon
adsorption (ChPt+CA). ChPt+CA was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1)
ChPt+CA is the only technology for which wastewater treatment performance data for
2-nitfophenoi are.available to the Agency, and (2) the BDAT data for ChPt+CA showed
substantial treatment of 2-nitrophenol (greater than 99.98 percent removal across the
treatment system).
. .The universal standard for 2-nitrophenol was calculated using an average
effluent concentration of 10 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 2-nitrophenol in
wastewaters (0.028 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
07Ql-01.ni]
5-308.1
-------
Table 5-108.1
Treatment Performance Data
for 2-Nitrophenol in Wastewaters
Technology
Size
Detectiaa
Limit
No. of
Data
Average
Effort
CoatcBfntian
Removal
(*>
Referoict
ChPt+CA'
Full
K102
10
16.000-100,000
> 99.98
BOAT
Data used in developing universal standard.
Source: Reference 30.
NRJ-071
0705-03.orj
5-308.2
-------
4-Nitrophenol. Three sources of wastewater treatment performance data
were available for 4-nitrophenol, including data from the HAD, WERL, and BOAT
databases, and WAO data from literature.. These data are presented in Table 5-109.
Technologies for which data are available include activated carbon (AC), activated
sludge (AS), liquid/liquid extraction followed by steam stripping (LL+SS), powdered
/
activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ), and wet air oxidation (WOx).
The treatment performance data represent bench* and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for 4-nitrophenol for the following reasons:
(1), The HAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by HAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore,, the Agency believes these
, data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
'*/.- ,
(2) The HAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an HAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated HAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the HAD database rather
than other data sources since the HAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
. . ... .
BOAT for 4-nitrophenol is activated carbon (AC). The universal standard
was calculated using the EAD median long-term average of 50 pg/L and the EAD
Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 4-
NRJ-071
0701-01-mj
5-309
-------
nitrophenol in wastewaters (0.12 rng/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table
6-1.
0701-Ol.nq
5-310
-------
Table 5-109
Treatment Performance Data
for 4-Nitrophenol in Wastewaters
Technology
ACซ
AS
AS '
AS
LL+SS
PACT"
PACT* '
WOx
| WOx[B)
|^/Ox[B]
TwhnotogT
Size
Full
FuU
FuU ,
FuU
FuU
Bench
FuU
Bench
Bench
Bench
Facffity
2680T
6B
6B
IB
, K103/K104
190E
6B
Zintpro
236A
1101D
DetectioB
Link
WU
50
MR
MR
MR
150 .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
ป_JtL.
fiftttPitt
(ffl/L)
179045603
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
750000-15000000
100-1000
1000-10000
10000000* -
>LOOOOOO
> 1000000
No, of
Datt
Points
9
3
3
, -2
5
NR
8
1.
, t
NR
Average
EfOoent
dwceamtieii
(p*il)
50.000
50.000
140.000
25.000
. 14200.000
3.900
50.000
40000.000
. 4000.000
10000.000
Removal
{*>
NR
93.1
79
.95.1.
NR
99.46
95.8
99.6
99.96
99.01
Reference
EAD-OCPSP
WERL '
WERL
WERL
BOAT
"WERL
WERL
WAO(LtT)
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration waป repotted as between this range.
NR ซ. Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
^^RJ
SRJ-071
0705-03.MJ
5-311
-------
J
N-Nitroso-di-n-butylamine. No wastewater treatment performance data
were available for N-nitroso-di-n-butylamine from any of the examined sources.
Treatment performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a
constituent judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional
groups. The Agency believes that N-nitrosodimethylamine is the most appropriate
constituent from which to transfer treatment performance data to N-nitroso-di-n-
butylamine. The treatment performance data for N-nitrosodimethylamine are presented
in Table 5-110. The transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results
in a BOAT for .N-nitroso-di-n-butylamine of activated sludge biological treatment (AS).
The universal standard for N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine in wastewaters (0.40 mg/L) is
discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
0701-Ol.nij
-------
N-Nitrosodimethvlamine. Treatment performance data for
N-nitrosodimethylairiine were compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases, and
published articles. These data are presented in Table 5-110. Technologies for which
" ?' . < ' ^
data are available include activated sludge (AS), biological treatment (BT), chemical
reduction (Chred), and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data
represent bench- and full-scale studies. The-resulting effluent concentrations ranged
from an unspecified ,non-detect value to 22,000 /*g/L. .
BOAT for N-nitrosodimethylamine is activated sludge biological treatment
(AS). Activated sludge was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) this technology is
demonstrated in full-scale units for organic constituents similar with respect to elemental
composition and structure to N-nitrosodimethylamine and (2) the treatment performance
data show a high removal efficiency. The Agency chose not to use the EPA WAO test
data since the average effluent concentrations were considered to be outliers.
The universal standard for N-nitrosodimethylamine was calculated using an
effluent, concentration of 73 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for N-
nitrosodimethylamine in wastewaters (0.40 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1. . .
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.oij
5-313
-------
Table 5-110
Treatment Performance Data
for N-Nitrosodimethylamine in Wastewaters
Tedtaoiogy
NR
NR
NR
Aff
BT
Chred
WOx
WOx
Teclnolafr
Sue
. NR
NR
NR
Bench
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Facility
LA0065501
LA0066214
NY0199648
31SB
. LA0038245
NR
Zu&pfo
Ziinpro
Detection
limit
(ซ/L)
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
m^ft j.
mmifjH
C-ooc6nfti'jtfmMi
WD
NR
NR
NR
1000-10000
NR
1000
510000
5030000
No. of
Data
Points
6
15
10
4
37
3
1
1
Arerage
Effloatt
: . GoBuotrafmt
(M/L)
10.000
10.000
11.800
73.000
10.270
NO
1000.000
22000.000
ROBOT*]
W
NR
NR
NR
96.7
NR
NR
99.8
99.6
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL*
NPDES
ART
WAO '
WAO
'Data used in developing univcnal standard.
ND ป Not detected
NR > Not reported
Source: Reference 16. "
NRJ-071
0705^3-nij
5-314
-------
N-Nitrosodiethvlanune. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for N-nitrosodiethylamine from any of the examined sources. Treatment -
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent ,
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that N-nitrosodimethylamine is the most appropriate constituent from
which to transfer treatment performance data to N-nitrosodiethylamine. The treatment
performance data for .N-nitrosodimethylamine are presented in Table 5-110. The
. transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BDAT for N-
nitrosodiethylamine of activated sludge biological treatment (AS). The universal
standard for N-nitrosodiethylamine in wastewaters (0;40 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0
and shown in Table 6-1. .
NRM71
0701-Ol.mj
5-315
-------
\ "
N-Nitrosomethvlethvlamine. No wastewater treatment performance data
were available for N-nitrdsomethylethylamine from any of the examined sources.
Treatment performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a
constituent judged to be similar witti^ respect to elemental composition and functional
groups. The Agency believes that N-nitrosodimethylamine is the most appropriate
constituent from which to transfer treatment performance data to N-
nitrosodimethylethylamine. The treatment performance data for N-nitrosodimethylamine
are presented in Table 5-110. The transfer of treatment performance data from this
constituent results in a BOAT for N-nitrosodimethylethylamine of activated sludge
biological treatment (AS). The universal standard for N-nitrosddimethylethylamine
wastewaters (0.40 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-oi.Mj . 5-316
-------
N-NitrosomorphoHne. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for N-nitrosomorpholine from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that N-nitrosodimethylamine is the most appropriate constituent from
which to transfer treatment performance data to N-nitrosomorpholine. The treatment
performance data for N-nitrospdimethylamine are presented in Table 5-110. The
transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for N-
nitrosomorpholine of activated sludge biological treatment (AS). The universal standard
for .N-nitrosomorpholine wastewaters (0.40 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown
in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-01,nij
5-317
-------
N-Nitrosopiperidine. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for N-nitrosopiperidine from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that pyridine is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer
treatment performance data to. N-nitrosopiperidine. The treatment performance data for
pyridine are presented in Table 5-41. The transfer of treatment performance data from
this constituent results in a BOAT for N-nitrosopiperidine of anaerobic fixed film
biological treatment (AnFF). The universal standard for N-nitrosopiperidine wastewaters
(0.013 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
' 0701-Ol.nrj
5-318
-------
N-nitrosopvrrolidine. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for N-nitrosopyrrolidine from any of the examined sources. Treatment v
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that, pyridine is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer
treatment performance data to N-nitrosopyrrolidine. The treatment performance data
for pyridine are presented in Table 5-41.. The transfer of treatment performance data
from this constituent results in a BDAT for N-nitrosopyrrolidine of anaerobic fixed film
biological treatment (AnFF). The universal standard for N-nitrosopyrrolidine
wastewaters (0.013 mg/L) is discussed hi Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
.0701-Ol.aij
5-319
-------
5-Nitro-o-toluidine. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for 5-nitro-o-toluidine from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent .
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that 2,4-dinitfotoluene is the most appropriate constituent from which to
transfer treatment performance data to 5-nitro-o-toluidine. The treatment performance
data for 2,4-dinitrotoluene are presented.in Table 5-91. The transfer of treatment
performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for 5-nitro-o-toluidine of
powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACT*). The universal
standard for 5-nitro-o-toluidine wastewaters (032 mg/L).is discussed in Section 6.0 and
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-OTt
0701-Ol.Mj
5-320
-------
Pentachlorobenzene. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for pentachlorobenzene from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that hexacnlorobenzene is the most appropriate constituent from which
to transfer treatment performance data to pentachlorobenzene. The treatment
performance data for hexachlorobenzene are presented in Table 5-98. The transfer of
treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for
pentachlorobenzene of activated sludge followed by filtration (AS+Fil). The universal
standard for pentachlorobenzene wastewaters (0.055;mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0
and shown in Table 6-1. ' -
0701-Ol.oij
5-321
-------
Pentachloroethane. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for pentachloroethane from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that hexachloroethane is the most appropriate constituent from which to
transfer treatment performance data to pentachloroethane. The treatment performance
data for hexachloroethane are presented in Table 5-101. The transfer of treatment
performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for pentachloroethane of
activated sludge followed by filtration (AS+Fil). The universal standard for
pentachloroethane wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in
Table 6-1. '
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.nij
5-322
-------
Pentachioronitrobenzene. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for pentachloronitrobenzene from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that hexachlorobenzene is the most appropriate constituent from which
to transfer treatment performance data to pentachloronitrobenzene. The treatment
performance data for hexachlorobenzene are presented in Table 5-98. The transfer of
treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for
. pentachloronitrobenzene of activated sludge"followed by filtration (AS+Fil). The
universal standard for pentachloronitrobenzene wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
ffTOl-Ol.MJ
5-323
-------
. Pentachlorophenol. Treatment performance data for pentachlorophenol
were compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases, and WAQ data from literature.
These data are presented in Table 5-111. Technologies for which data are available
include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS)", biological treatment (BT),
chemically assisted clarification (CAC), coagulation followed by sedimentation, biological
treatment, and filtration (COAG+Sed+Bt+Fil), filtration followed by granular activated
carbon (Fil+GAC), granular activated carbon (GAC), rotating biological contactor
(RBC), reverse osmosis (RO), trickling filter systems (TF), and wet air oxidation (WOx).
The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The
resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.01 pg/L to 135,000 pg/L.
BDAT for pentachlorophenol is filtration followed by granular activated
carbon (Fil+GAC). Fil+GAC was selected as BDAT since this technology represents
treatment performance data with a high influent concentration and a high removal
efficiency. The effluent concentration achievable by Fil+GAC is supported by the
effluent concentration data from the biological treatment technologies.
The universal standard for pentachlorophenol was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 20 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
pentachlorophenol wastewaters (0.089 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1.
NRJ-071 . ' ' /
0701-01.nij 5-324
-------
Table 5-111
Treatment Performance Data
for Pentachlorophenol in Wastewaters
s
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
LNR
VR
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AL
\
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
Tectawtogr
Swr
NR
NR
NR
' NR '.
NR
NR
NR'.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
Pilot
. Pilot
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Beach
Bench
Facility
LA0066214
TX0001201
OH0058874
MS0044S80.
TX0001201
M00103349
MW0049786
NJ0050750
LA006S501
OH0004961
CT0003751
WI002S739
WY0032390
PA0026531
WY0032590
CID001341
NY0001210
203A
. 203A
192O
1050E
192D
240A
673B
1691A
202D
Dctattioa
Limit
(ซ/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
On/W
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR
NR
- NR " '
NR
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000 .
0-100
1000-10000
, 100-1000
" 1000-10000
No. of
Data
POBStJ
15
9
5
I
59 '
14
40
5
6
1
1
1
34
29
1
24
I
11
11
NR
5
NR
9
29
NR
NR
Avenge
EfQncBf
0*/L)
10.000
29.400
7624.000
3.000
41.900
3.700
3.148
18.775
5.000
16700.000
10.000
40.000
1.000
23103.400
1.000
64.600
0.010
57.000
* 20.000
10.000
2.800
. 70.000
20.000
3600.000
1.000
170.000
Removal
(ป> -
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR-
.NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1 NR
NR
32
76.
98
99.3
86
- 60
57 s
99.66
97.9
Rcfercaee
NPDES
'NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
. NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071
07Q5-03.nij
5-325
-------
Table 5-111
(Continued)
Technology
AS
AS. -
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
BT
BT
BT
CAC
COAG+SeO
BT+Fd
Ft!
Rl-t-GAO
GAC
RBC
RO .
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
Tecbaetog?
Srfe
Be^cb
FuU
Pilot
FuU
Pilot
Bench
I FuU
t
Bench
. t Beach
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot f
Pilot
Pilot
FuU
FuU
FuU
Pilot
Full'
Full
Facflfcy
960E
375E
204A
,375E
203A
1691A
375E .
40D
1691A
375E
PA0008800
PA0026247
LA0038245 '
203A
MI0024023
673B
673B
673B
192D
180A
24QA
375E
IB
.IB
203A
375E
M00023264
Detection
Tjซriซ
(Mซ/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR-
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
WM
10000-100000
0-100
0-100 .
.0-100
0-100
loooo-iooooo
0-100
10000-100000
1000-10000
0-100
. NR
, NR
NR
0-100
MR'
1000-10000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
NR
No. of
Data
POIBtl
4
7
8.
7
11
NR
7
30
NR
7
6
25
41
11
18
28
9
28 .
NR
NR
10
7
6
6
'u
7
10
Arerage
ERteent
Concentration
(M/L)
. 5400.000
0.620
6.300
0.650
-3.000
2.000
0.190
68.000
2.000
0.410
585.200
28.600
44.624
50.000
20.444
3400.000
20.000
30.000
90.000
0.100
25.000
0.430
220.000
14.000
8ZOOO
0.500
12.100
Removal
(*)
74.
15
, n '
14
96.4
99.98
63
99.66
99.94
39
NR
NR
NR
40
NR
.6
95.6
99.12
82
86
39
6
35
69
2
33
NR
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
NPDES
WERL
WERL'
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WEKL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
NRJ-071
5-326
-------
Table 5-111
(Continued)
Technology
WOx
WOx [B]
Technologr
Szป
Bench
Bench
Facility
Zimpro
236A
Detection
Limit
(M/U
NR
MR
Range of
Influent
Conccnsratioax
(W/L)
5000000
> 1000000
No. of
Dot*
. Points
1
1
Average
Effluent
Concentration
(A8/L)
135000.000
6000.000
'
Removal
(*)
97.3
99.88
Reference
WAO.(LIT)
WERL
'Data used in developing univeral standard
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-03.ni]
5-327
-------
Phenacetin. Treatment performance data for phenacetin were compiled
from the EPA WAO treatment .test and are presenter! in Table 5-112. These data
represent pilot-scale wet air oxidation (WOx) and wet air oxidation followed by
powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge.(WOx+PACTฎ). The resulting
average effluent concentration was 31 /xg/L.
BOAT for phenacetin is wet air oxidation followed by PACT8
(WOx+PACT8). WOx+ PACTฎ was selected as BOAT for three reasons: (1) this
technology is demonstrated in full-scale units for organic constituents similar with respect
to elemental composition and structure to phenacetin, (2) the treatment performance
data represented by these technologies were generated by EPA as part of the BOAT
program, and (3) these data show a high influent concentration, high removal efficiency,
. and a low effluent concentration value. . .
The universal standard for phenacetin was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 31 pg/L'and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for phenacetin in wastewaters
(0.081 rng/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6rl.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.wj
5-328
-------
Table 5-112
Treatment Performance Data
for Phenacetfn in Wastewaters
Technolou
WOit
WOx
WOx
WOx+ PACT*
TgciiDOiQfy*
Sbe
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
. Fadfcy
Zimpro
Zimpro
Zimpro
Zimpto
Detection
Limit
(M/L)
2400
5300
'2400
26
Range of
Influent
ConCBPtnttlOBft '
(Wซ
'120000
120000
. 120000
-< 4800- 120000
-
No. Of
Dttft
PlMBte
l
l
' i
,3
Average
Eflfearf
CoaccBtnltoa
(&L}
ND
ND
ND
31.000
Remorti
(*)
NR
NR
NR
>fR
RcArace
WAO
WAO
WAO
WAOซ
'Data used ia developing universal standard.
ND = Not detected
NR ป Not repotted
Source: Reference 16. .
0705-03,nij
5-329
-------
Phenanthrene. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance data
were available for phenamhrene, including data from the HAD and WERL databases.
These data are presented in Table 5-113., Technologies for which data are available
include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by
\ ' ,
filtration (AS+Fil), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), filtration (Fil), biological
/
treatment (BT), powdered activated carbon addition to.activated sludge (PACT8), and
trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-,
and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for phenanthrene for the following reasons:
(1) The BAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by BAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The BAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an BAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated BAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 43, the Agency preferred the use of the BAD database rather
than other data sources since the BAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater. treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
1 BOAT for phenanthrene is biological treatment (BT). The universal ,
standard was calculated using the BAD median long-term average of 10 jtg/L and the
BAD Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
NRJ-071
0701-oi.Mj 5-330
-------
phenanthrene in wastewaters (0.059 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is. shown in
Table 6-1. '
NRJ-07I
0701-Ol.mj
5-331
-------
Table 5-113
Treatment Performance Data
for Phenanthrene in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AL
AL .
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fil
CAC
m
BTป
PACT*
TF
TF
TF
TcduHrioor
State
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Full
Beach
Bench '
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Pilot '
Pilot
Full
Fftcibty
6B
203A :
203A
371D
204A
240A
6B
203A
IB
202D
1050E
6B
203A
792E
1293
6B
240A
203A
IB
Detection
Limit
OI*/L>
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Conccntratno*
0*U
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
.100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
. 2035-4711
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
No. of
Dai*
Points
5
11
11
NR
8
12
. 14
11 .
4
NR
5
3
11
4
15
10
10
11
6
Average
Effluent
Concentrate!
-------
Phenol. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for phenol, including data from the EAD, BOAT, and WERL databases, WAO
data from literature, and industry-submitted leachate treatment performance data and
are presented in Table 5-114. Technologies for which data are available include aerobic
lagoons (AL), API oil/water separation followed by dissolved air floatation and activated
sludge,(API+DAF+AS), activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by filtration
(AS+FU), anaerobic fixed film (AnFF), anaerobic fixed film in conjunction with granular
activated carbon (AnFFwGAC), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), chemical
oxidation (ChOx), granular activated carbon (GAC), biological treatment (BT),
liquid/liquid extraction (LL), liquid/liquid extraction followed by steam stripping
V
(LL+SS), liquid/liquid extraction followed by steam stripping and activated carbon
(LL+SS+AC), powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACT*),
rotating biological contactor (RBC), reverse osmosis (RQ), sequential batch reactor
(SBR), sequential batch reactor in conjunction with PACT* (SBRwPACT*), solvent
extraction (SExt), steam stripping (SS), trickling filter systems (TF), and wet air oxidation
(WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies.
BOAT for phenol is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was
selected as BOAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted leachate data for .
biological treatment showed substantial treatment of phenol and (2) the Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry. The effluent concentration value reported for phenol in the industry-submitted
leachate data is supported by the effluent concentration data from the EAD database.
The universal standard for phenol was calculated using an effluent
. . , /
concentration of 10 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
NRT-071
0701-Ol.nq ,
5-333
-------
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for phenol in wastewaters
(0.039 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1..
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.aij . 5-334
-------
Table 5-114
Treatment Performance Data
for Phenol in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AL
AL
AL
API + DAF+
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
L
r
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS '
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
LAS
Technology
'' Scale
Pilot
Pilot -
Full
Pilot .
FuU
Full
Fuji
Bench
FuU
Full
Pilot
FuU
' FuU
Fun
FuU
FuU .
FuU
FuU
Bench
Pilot
FuU
.FuU
FuU
Pilot
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
' FuU -
FadStjr
1 203A
203A
6B
192D
1482D
IB .
IB
202D
6B
IB
203A
201B
IB
6B
'.IB '
IB
975B
IB
1054E
240A
6B
1122E
6B
241B
, 6B
97SB
6B
IB
IB
Detection
Limit
fafL)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR '
'v NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
Range of
Infhiat
C one flirt ittem
wu
100-1000
100-1000 .
100-1000
. 100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100000-1000000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
100-1000
100000-1000000
0-100 .
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000'
100-1000
100.1000
'100-1000
0-100
No. of
Data
toots
11
11
3
NR
4
5
6
NR .
39
5
11
31
6
3
6
3
NR
5
NR
11
7
NR
3
4
10
NR
11
6
6
Average
Efflncot
Conccotnttioii
.
33
86
90.8
98.99
89.5
98.6
63
99.99
96.4
97.2
89
92.6
99.89
; 99.94
1 92.4
96.4
. 99 XI
''' 9933
99.88
ป
' 98
95.2
97.9
97.2
99.64
87
96.3
99.44
.983
Reference '
WERL
WERL '
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
, WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
, WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NRJ-071-
0705-03.MJ
5-335
-------
r
'v,'ป.
ป '.
Table 5-114
(Continued)
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS .
AS
AS
AS .
AStFil
AS+Fil
AnFF
AaFF
AnFF
AnFF
AnFF
AnFF
AnFF
AnFFw
OAC
CAC '
ChOx
ChOx
ChOx
GAC
GAG
GAC
BT*
BT
i
i
Technology
Scale '
Full '
Pilot ;
Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
FuU
Beach
> Full
, FuU
' Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
ป
Bench ป
9 '
Pilot ป
Pilot
Bench',
Pilot^,'
Pilot f
Pilot1
Bench
Bench
i
Bench
Bench
FuU
Full ,.
FuU I
FuU
i
Facility
6B
226B
975B
6B .
204A
1 192D
\ 6B
1054E
6B
IB
6B
6B
231A
231A
230A
23lA
231A
;230A
ป235D
'249D
i
203A,
975B
r
975B
975B
1QS4E
245B
237A
Detection
Limit
<ซ/lป
NR
rvra
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1 NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
DOW i 10
1293 J 10
Range of
Influent
Caaetatntiam
<08/L}
100-1000
100000-1000000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
100-1000
lOO-lOOO'
1000-10000
10000-100000
100000-1000000
100-1000
10000-100000
100-1000
1000000
' 1000000
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
. 100000-1000000
> 1000000
100000-1000000
1000000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
- 100-1000* .
1000-10000*
715-2500 ,
698564-978672
No. of
Data
* -
rtxntt
3
6
NR
2
8
NR
'4
NR
13
6
3
15
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
11
NR
MR
MR
NR
1 ,
1
3
15
Average
Effhunt
ConctttteftdQit
(*8/U
10.000
500.000
160.000
10.000
14.000
10.000
56.000
1000.000
10.000
. 25.000
' 13.000 .
10.000
700.000
30.000
10.000
10.000
70.000
1000.000
240.000
. 50.000
99.000
16.000
2.000
12.000
10.000
10.000
, 5.000
10.000
10.000
Reamcy
<*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Removal
W
98.6
99.95
' 95
99.99
94.6
. 98.99
96.9
95
99.99
94.4
99.98
98
99.98
99.99
98.97
99.99
99.98
99.95
99.86 .
99.99
21
93.3
98.3
99.37
99
92.6
9959
99.32
NR
I
Referace
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL J
WERL |fl
WERL ^
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
.WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
" WERL
WERL
WERL '
LEACHATE*
EAD-OCPSF
NRJ-071
0705-03.MJ
5-336
-------
Table 5-114
(Continued)
1 '
. Technology
LL
LL .
LL+SS
LL+SS+AC
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
PACT*
RBC
RBC
LRO
BR
| SBR
SBR
1 SBRwPACT*
SEA
ss
TF
TF
TF
TF
|wox
WO* [BJ
WO, IB]
WOX [B]
Technology
Scale
Full
Fufl
Full
Full
Beach
Bench
Full
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
.Full
Pilot .
Pilot
Bench
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot 1
Full
Pilot
Full
Bench
Bench
Bench
Bench
Ffldittjjp
K104
K103
K103/
K104
K103/
K104
190E
975B
6B
975B
603E
192D
2MB
1433D
227D
64D
64D
1082E
1082E
203A
IB
240A
IB
ZilDpID
10S4E
1101D
236A
Detection
tJfi.^
'Gซg/U
30
30
30
30
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR"
.NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR-
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
Range of
btflneat
CoocmlfJiliojis
<ซ/L>
150000-300000.
1500000.3000000
150000-3000000
150000-3000000
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
100-1000
' 1000-10000
10000-100000
100000-1000000*
100000-1000000
100000-1000000
> 1000000
100000.1000000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
10000000
100000-1000000
> 1000000
', >1000000
No. of
Data
PtHntt
5
. 5
5
4
NR
NR
3
NR
NR
NR
NR
16
1
NR
NR
NR
NR
11
6-
10
6
I
NR
NR
1
Average
Effluent
Concentration
(M/U
165000.000
84000.000
2400.000
60.000 ,
1.800
2.000
30.000
8.000
1700.000
10.000
120.000
1000.000
1000.000 .
3000.000
1000.000
210000.000
160.000
64.000
47.000
8.000
1.000
20000.000
. 27000.000
3600.000
.< 3000.000
Recovery
(*)
21
21
21
21
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR'
NR
NR
. NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
'-NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Removal
(%)
NR
NR
NR
NR ,
99.99
99.96
98.6
99.85
99.6
98.99
93.6
97.7
99.81-
99.63
99.88
1 95.4
24
49
82
9U
98.2
99.8
97.3
. 99.92
99.97
Reference
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
BOAT
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WAO (LFT)
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16. ' .
NRJ-071
070S-03.nrj
5-337
-------
Phthalic Anhydride. Treatment performance data for phthalic anhydride
were from leachate treatment performance data submitted by industry and are presented
in Table 5-115. The technology for which treatment performance data were available
1 * . "
was bench-scale biological treatment (BT).
BOAT for phthalic anhydride is biological treatment (BT). Biological
treatment was selected as BDAT for three reasons: (1) this technology is demonstrated
in full-scale units for organic constituents similar with respect to elemental composition
and structure to phthalic anhydride, (2) the industry-submitted leachate data showed
substantial treatment of phthalic anhydride, and (3) the Agency believes that these data
are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for phthalic anhydride was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 15 jig/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for phthalic
anhydride in wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table
6-1. :
0701-Ol.mj
5-338
-------
Table 5-115
Treatment Performance Data
for Phthalic Anhydride in Wastewaters
Technology
BTP
Tedmolot;
Soe '
Bench
Pacfl&y
CWM
Detection
Lnak
(ซ/t)
NR
Range of "
Influent
CoMMtntfaM
ta/u
-26633
No. of
Date
Point*
3
' Arwag*
EfidlKBt
COUfcMti'lttOB
(m/L>
15.000
Remoral
(*)
99.94
,
Rrfenm
LEACHATP
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported - '
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-ra.nij
5-339
-------
Pronamide. Treatment performan data for prpnamide were compiled
from the EPA WAO treatment test and are presented in Table 5-116. These data
represent pilot-scale wet air oxidation (W.Ox) and wet air oxidation followed by
powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (WOx+PACTฎ).
BOAT for pronamide is wet air oxidation followed by PACTฎ
(WOx+PACTฎ}; WOx+PACT* was selected as BOAT for three reasons: (1) this
technology is demonstrated in full-scale units for organic constituents similar with respect
to elemental composition and structure to pronamide, (2) the treatment performance
data represented by these technologies were generated by EPA as part of the BOAT
program, and (3) these data show a high influent concentration, high removal efficiency,
and a low effluent concentration value.
The universal standard for pronamide was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 29 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for pronamide in wastewaters
(0.093 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1
NRJMm
0701-01.01)
5-340
-------
Table 5-116
Treatment Performance Data
for Pronamide in Wastewaters
Tttamiiogy
WOx
WOx
WOx.
WOx
WOx + PACT*
TecBMtocr
Sat
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
> PUot
Pilot
FadKty
Zimpro
Zimpro
Zimpro
Zimpro
Zunpro
Detection
-------
Pyrene. Three sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for pyrene, including data from the HAD and WERL databases. These data -
are presented in Table 5-117. Technologies for which data are available include aerobic
lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), activated sludge followed by filtration (AS + Fil),
chemically assisted clarification (CAC), chemical oxidation (CnOx(Cl)), filtration (Fil),
granular activated carbon (GAC), biological treatment (BT), trickling filter systems (TF),
and wet air oxidation (WOx). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-,
and full-scale studies.
*
The treatment performance data available from the HAD database were
used to determine the universal standard for pyrene for the following reasons: . .
(1) The HAD data represent treatment performance data from OCPSF
sampling episodes. The data collected by EAD include long-term
sampling of several industries; therefore, the Agency believes these
data are representative of the organic chemicals industry and can
adequately represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
~ i
(2) The EAD data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
OCPSF database. These data were used in determining an EAD
promulgated limit. A promulgated EAD limit represents data that
have undergone further review, and have received acceptance by
both EPA and industry.
As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database rather
than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of
wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a greater number
of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
BDAT for pyrene is biological treatment (BT). The universal standard was
calculated using the EAD. median long-term average of 11.33 ftg/L and the EAD
NRJ-071
0701-oi.mj 5-342
-------
Option 1 variability factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for pyrene
in wastewaters (0.067 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NKMITI
070141.ni)
5-343
-------
Table 5-117
Treatment Performance Data
for Pyrene in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fil
CAC
CAC
ChOx(Q) -
HI
Fil
Fil
Fil
GAC
BTป
TF
TF
wox
T6cteoto4y
Scale
Bench
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Pilot
Pilot
FuU
Full
Pilot
Pilot
FuU
Pilot
Pilot
Full
FuU
Pilot
FuU
Pilot
Pilot
Beach
Faciiiy
371D
203A
203 A
203A
IB
204A
204A
6B
6B
1958
203A
1081D
19SB
' 577E
1081D
792E
19SD
1293
203A
240A
**"
Detection
Limit
(M/L>
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .'
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
Range of
DnflwBt
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
25
OrlOO
0-100 '.
100-1000 '
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-1000
0-100
100.1006
0-100
0-100
1000.10000
0-100
641-1438
100-1000
' 0-100
500000
No. of
Date
POBElti
11
11
n .
11
i
8
12
14
3
' 8
11
NR
8
NR
NR
4
6
15
11
10
1
Average
Effluent
Concentration
0
-------
Safrole. No wastewater treatment performance data were available for
safrole from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were therefore
' . - /
transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar with respect to
elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that phenacetin is
the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer treatment performance data to
safrole. The treatment performance data for phenacetin are presented in Table 5-112.
The transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BDAT for
safrole of wet air oxidation followed by powdered activated carbon addition to activated
sludge (WOx+PACTป). The universal standard for safrole wastewaiers (0.081 mg/L) is
discussed in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1. .
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.mj
5-345
A".
ซ"ซ' 4
-------
1.2.4.5-Tetracnloro benzene. Treatment performance data for 1,2,4,5-
tetrachlorobenzene were compiled from the NPDES database and are presented in
Table 5-118. Since influent values, technology, and technology scale were not available
for the NPDES data and the average- effluent value was below the method detection
limit for 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1.5 ftg/L) based on EPA-approved methods (see
i
Table B-l of Appendix B), it cannot be determined that these data represent treatment.
Treatment performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a
constituent judged to be similar with .respect to elemental composition and functional
groups. The Agency believes that hexachlorobenzene is the most appropriate constituent
.from which to"transfer treatment performance data to 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene. The
treatment performance data for hexachlorobenzene are presented in Table 5-98. The
transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BOAT for
1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene of activated sludge followed by filtration (AS+Fil). The
universal standard for 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is discussed
i
in Section 6.0 and shown in Table 6-1. .
0701-Ol.nq
3-34O
* ป**-ป
i'M*.
-------
Table 5-118
V > .
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene in Wastewaters
_.'""
Technology
NR ,
Tedmotecr
State
NR
faoSty
MI0000868
Detection
Limit
(Wf/L)
NR
Range of
Infinest
Oig/LV
NR
No. of
Data
Points
9
Average
Efflnatt
CoBS!fnl
1.111
Removal
<*> '
NR
Reference
NPDES
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
ir705-03,aij
5-347
-------
2J.4.6-Tetrachlorophenol. Treatment performance data for 2,3,4,6-tetra-
chlorophenol were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in Table 5-119.
Technologies for which data are available include full-scale activated sludge (AS) and
trickling filter systems (TF). The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.06
Mg/L to 0.21 Mg/L. .
BOAT for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol is biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment technologies include trickling filter systems (TF) and activated
sludge biological treatment (AS). Biological treatment was selected as BOAT since
these data represent a demonstrated technology with average removal efficiencies and
show the ability to treat the wastewater to a level less than the method detection limit
i v
for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (6.8 jig/L) based on EPA-approved methods (see Table B-l
, of Appendix B).
The universal standard for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol was calculated using its
detection limit of 6.8 /tg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The Agency used the method detection limit since the effluent concentration of
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol was below the detection level routinely achievable using EPA-
approved methods. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 2,3,4,6-
tetrachlorophenol in wastewaters (0.030) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1. ,
NRj-on
0701-Ol.nij
5-348
-------
Table 5-119
Treatment Performance Data
for 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol in Wastewaters
Technology
AS*
AS*
A?
A?
TP .
TF*
Tednwlofy
Sat
Full
Full
Full
FuU'
Full
FuU
TaaBtf
37SE
37SE
375E
375E
375E
- 375E
Detection
Unit
(MfU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Inftmat
ft -'-^ ป ~-f ,,-, ,
concanrmom
oซa*
0-100
0-100
o-too
0-100
0-100
0-100
No. of
Date
Pejntt
7
7
7
7 .
7
7
Avenge
Efitoest
Cooecntntiiw
0*L)
0.060
0.210
0.180
0.110
o.roo
0.060
1
Remorat
{*)
62
16
5
15
28
43 -
Reference
WERL'
WERL-
WERL'
WERL'
WERL*
WERL*
"Data used in developing univeisal standard.
NR 3 Not reported
, Souice: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-03.MJ
5-349
-------
1.2.4-Trichloro benzene. Treatment performance data t 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene were compiled from the WERL database and are p .sented in Table
5-120. Technologies for which data are available include aerobic fixed film (AFF),
activated sludge (AS), biological granular activated carbon (BGAC), granular activated
carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACT8), reverse
osmosis (RO), and trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data
represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 0.02 jtg/L to 89 ;*g/L.
BOAT for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is powdered activated carbon addition to
activated sludge (PACT*). PACT* was selected as BOAT since this technology
represents full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration and a high removal
efficiency. , , ,
The universal standard for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 10 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene in wastewaters (0.055 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ot.MJ
5-350
-------
Table 5-120
Treatment Performance Data
for 1,2,4-Trichiorobenzene in Wastewaters
Technology
AFF
AS
AS
-\
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
BGAC
GAC i
GAC
PACT*
PACT*
RO
TF
TccJurafaRr
Seal*
Bench
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Beach
Bead)
Full
Full
Bench
Full
Pilot
Full
Fao&y
S01A
6B
241B
IB
201B
IB
975B-
200B
501A
245B
1421D
200B
68
180A
IB
Detection
limit
Oig/L)
NR
MR
NR . .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
'NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Cn^ii n^tamii !!
OaCCSmQOIB
,
-------
2,4.5-Trichlorophenol. Treatment performance data for 2,4,5-
trichiorophenol were compiled from the NPDES database and industry-submitted
leachate treatment performance data and are presented in Table 5-121. The
technologies for which data were available are full-scale grease/oil removal (Gr/Rem),
and biological treatment (BT).
\ , ,
BOAT for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is biological treatment (BT). Biological
treatment was selected as BOAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted leachate
data for biological treatment showed substantial treatment of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and
(2) the Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values.that can be
routinely achieved by industry. ' -
The universal standard for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was calculated .using the
effluent concentration of 50 Mg/L an^ the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 2,4,5-
trichlorophenol in wastewaters (0.18 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in
Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-01.ruj
5-352
-------
Table 5-121
Treatment Performance Data
for 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol in Wastewaters
Technology
BTP
Gr/Rem
Ttchnofav
Sm
NR
Full
'
Facility
DOW
WI0029149
Detection
Unit
(ft/I*
/ 50
NR
Raageof
Influent
. ConcBiti atiom
;
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
42
60
90.49
NR
NR
NR
NR
98
;
Reference
NPDES
f
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
LEACHATE-
- NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR - Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-03.MJ
5-355
-------
523
Organochlorine Pesticides
This section presents the available treatment performance data and
discusses the identification of BDAT for the following organic constituents classified as
organochlorine pesticides:
Aldrin
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
gamma-BHG (Lindane) :
Chlordane (alpha and gamma)
o,p'-DDD
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDE
o,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDT
Dieldrin
Endosulfan I
Endosulfan n
Endosulfan sulfate
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Isodrin
Kepone
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.nrj
5-356
-------
Aldrin. Treatment performance data for aldrin were compiled from the
NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-123. The technology for which data are
available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 0.350 /tg/L to 1.4919 /tg/L.
BOAT for aldrin is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was
selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-scale
treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes that
these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry.
The universal standard for aldrin was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 1.4919 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for aldrin in
wastewaters (0.021 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ot.mj
5-357
-------
Table 5-123
Treatment Performance Data
for Aldrin in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
BT
Tซซmotoซj
: Size
NR
NR
Full
1
Facility
LA0066214
LA0065501
LA0038245
Detection
fj^.a
OW/LV
NR
NR
NR
Range of
CwMratntMW
(W/L>
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Datt
Poatt
15
6
43
ATeragซ
Efltaent
(P8/L)
1.0000
0.3500
t.4919
RcoMval
(*>
NR
NR
NR
. Reference .
NPDES
NPDES
NPDE?
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRI-071
,0705-04.aij
5-358
-------
alpha-BHC. Treatment perfonnance data for alpha-BHC were compiled
from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 5-124. Technologies
for which data are available include activated sludge (AS), biological treatment (BT),
and granular activated carbon (GAC), with the treatment perfonnance data representing
full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.010 ^g/L to
1.6053 /ig/L.
s '
BOAT for alpha-BHC is granular activated carbon (GAC). Granular
activated carbon was selected as BOAT since the available treatment perfonnance data
represent full-scale substantial treatment with a high influent concentration and a high
removal efficiency. . /
> i
The universal standard for alpha-BHC was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 0.01 jtg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for alpha-BHC in wastewaters
(0.00014 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
5-359
-------
Table 5-124
Treatment Performance Data
for alpha-BHC in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
AS
AS
BT
BT
GAC
Technology
SiM
NR
NR
Full
Full
Fuli
Full
Full
Facility
LA0066214
LA0065501
37SE
201B
LA0038245
PA0026689
237A .
Detection
Limit
(M/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent . ,
Concentratiaaft
(W/L)
NR
MR
0-100
4.35
NR
NR
100-1000*
No. of
Data
Fouls
15
6
7 .
1
38
2
1
Arerage
EffiBOtf
(M/L)
1.0000
.0.3500
0.0200
1.0000
1.6053
OJOOO
0.0100
Removal
(*)
NR
NR
67
77
NR
NR.
99,99
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
NPDES
NPDES
WERL'
'Data used ia developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not repotted
Source: Reference 16. .
NRW71
0705-04.01}
5-360
-------
beta-BHC. Treatment performance data for beta-BHC were compiled
from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 5-125. Technologies
for which data are available include activated sludge (AS), biological treatment (BT),
and granular activated carbon (GAC), with the treatment performance data representing
full-scale studies. The resulting effluent, concentrations ranged from 0.010 jig/L to
16.7 Mg/Ll
ป,
1 . ' '
BDAT for beta-BHC is granular activated carbon (GAC).. Granular
activated carbon was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data
represent full-scale substantial treatment with a high influent concentration and a high
removal efficiency. ' " .
The universal standard for beta-BHC'was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 0.01 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
/
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for beta-BHC in wastewaters
s
(0.00014 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.nq
5-361
-------
Table 5-125
Treatment Performance Data
for beta-BHC in Wastewaters
Technology
MR
NR
NR
AS
BT
GAO
Technology
Sue
NR
NR
NR
Full
Full
Full
FatilifcF
LA0065501
LA0058882
LA0058882
375E
LA003824S
237A
Detection
fimfc
(MfU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR-
NR
Ranee of
Inflnent
ConccBtratiras
WD
NR
NR
NR
0-100
NR
100-1000ป'
No, of
Data
Points
6.
32
33
7
38
1
ATcnge
Eflbwtt
Coaceatration
(M/U
0.4000
15.0000
16.7000
0.0200
1.6053
0.0100
Removd
(*>
NR
NR
NR
' 71
NR
99.99
Referaice
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
NPDES
WERL*
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was repotted as between this range.,
NR = Not reported
Source; Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-04.nrj
5-362
-------
delta-BHC. The data available, for delta-BHC were compiled from the
NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-126. The technology for which data are
available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 0.35 pg/L to 15.3
BOAT for delta-BHC is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BOAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-
scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry. , ^
The universal standard for delta-BHC was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 1.6316>g/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for delta-BHC in
wastewaters (0.023 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRW71
0701-Ol.MJ
5-363.
-------
Table 5-126
Treatment Performance Data
for delta-BHC in Wastewaters
TecoMdocr
NR
NR
NR
BTP
Twaaotofj
Sป>
XR
NR
NR
Full
Ftd%
LA0058882
LA0065501
LA0058882
LA0038245
Detectioa
TJmit
(W/W
NR
' NR
NR
NR
Range of
laSna*
Coaetttntioat
NR
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Data
32
6
33
38
Average
(HflA
' 15.0000
0.3500
15.3000
1.6316
'"'
Removal
(*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
, NPDES
NPDES*
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR * Not repotted
Source: Reference 16.
07Q544.(uj
5-364
-------
gamma-BHC. Treatment performance data for gamma-BHC were
compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 5-127.
Technologies for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge
(AS), biological treatment (BT), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), granular
activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge
(PACTฎ), and trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data represent
bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
0.006 ng/L to 99 /ig/L. ' . %
BOAT for gamma-BHC is granular activated carbon (GAC). Granular
activated carbon was. selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data
represent full-scale substantial treatment with a high influent concentration and a high
removal efficiency. .
, The universal standard for gamma-BHC was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 0.12 /tg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for gamma-BHC in
wastewaters (0.0017 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
O7oi-oi.nrj 5-365
-------
Table 5-127
Treatment Performance Data
for gamma-BHC in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
BT
CAC
GAC1
PACT*
TF
TF
TF
TF
Technology
Size
Pilot
Pilot
. Full
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full '
Pilot
Beach
FuU
Full
Full
Pilot
FuU
Bench
Full
. Fun
Pilot
Pilot
Faeffity
203A
203A
37SE
375E
240A
203A
; 37SE
204A
2MB
375E
201B
PA0026247
203A
237A
200B
375E
375E
240A
. 203A
Detection
Limit
<ซ/U
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR >
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Iliflmait
Concentration*
(ซ/L)
0-100
0-100 '
0-100
0-100
. 0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
NR
0-100
100-1000*
. 100-1000
0-100
0-100
0400
0-100
No. of
Date
POMStt
11
11
7
7.
11
11
7
8
13
7
2
21
11
1
17
7
7
10
11
Avenge
. Efltaatf
I COIH'JMtl"'rtlOC.
(s&u .
7.0000
22.0000
0.1100 '
*.
0.0700
27.0000
31.0000
0.0210
26.0000
99.0000
0.0600
1.0000
' . 0.0061
32.0000
0.1200
8.0000
0.0600
0.1100
37.0000
34.0000
RcBoval
{*)
. 82
44
39
36
59
20 .
81
44
8J
88 ซ
66
NR.
18
99.97
92.1
14
58
46
13
Reference
WERL
WERLS
WERL
WERC
WERL
WERL
WERL .
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
WERL
WERL'
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing uatvenal standard.
The influent concentration wai icpoiteU u betweeo thป nnge.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-04.nrj
5-366
-------
Chlordane. Treatment performance data for chlordane were compiled
from the NPDES database and literature data. These data are presented in Table 5-128.
Technologies for which data are available include full-scale biological treatment (BT)
and pilot-scale chemical reduction (Chred). The resulting effluent concentrations ranged
from 0.01 #g/L to 483 j*g/L.
. BOAT for chlordane is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BOAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-
scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry. , , .
The universal standard for chlordane was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 0.2336 pg/L (the average of biological treatment effluent concentration
values with those effluent values less than the method detection limit for chlordane
(0.014 /tg/L) based on EPA-approved methods (see Table B-l of Appendix B) set at the
detection limit) and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor.
The calculation of the resulting universal standard for chlordane in wastewaters (0.0033
nig/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NFJ-071
0701-Ol.nrj
5-367
-------
Table 5-128
;
Treatment Performance Data
for Chlordane in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
,NR
NR
NR
BP
BfP
BP
BP
BP
BP
BP
BP .
BP
BP
BP
BT
BP
Chred
Technologr
' So*
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Full
Full
Full
Full. '
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full'
Pilot
Faea&y
CA0107611
CA0048216
CA0037681
CA0037681
OHOOS8874
LAOOS8882
LA006SS01
LA0058882
PA0026531
CA003SS98
CA0048194 .
CAD107417S
CA0108031
LA0038245
CA0107395 ,
CA0048160
TN0020711
CA0037737
CA0048143
CA0047996
CA0037494
CA0047881
CA0047364
CA00227S6
CA0110604
NR
Detcctiitt
LMt
OtfU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR'
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Cowmiratioป
(ซ/D
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR ;.
NR
NR
NR
NR ;
NR
.NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
.NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1
30
No. of
Data
Points
1
5
13
29
5
33
6 '
32
29
5
5
6
1 -
38
5
3
22
4
2
1
2
I
3
1
9
6
Average
EffiMBf
Coace^ratkm
(*g/L)
0.1000
132.0000
0.1000
0.1000
0.0200
15.9000
0.5000
15,6000
483.4500
0.1000
0.3420
0.0802
0.0100
1.6500
0.2360
0.0100
0.0400
0.0500
0.1600
0.0300.
0.1250
0.0500
0.0502
OJOOO
0.1000
0.1000
Removal
(*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
^ปR
NR-
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES-
NPDES-
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDE?
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES-
ART
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR a Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
070S-04.MJ
5-368
-------
o.p'-DDD and p.p'- ODD. Treatment performance data for o,p'-DDD and
p,p'- ODD were compiled from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-129.
Since the individual ODD isomers were not identified in the NPDES database, the ODD
data were used for both o,p'-DDD and p,p'- ODD. The technology for which data are
available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 1.0 jig/L to 1.6238
BOAT for o,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDD is biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance
data represent full-scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The
Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values that can be
routinely achieved by industry. , .
1 ' . " '
The universal standards for o,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDD were calculated using
an effluent concentration of 1.6238 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standards for o,p'-
DDD and p,p'-DDD hi wastewaters (0.023 mg/L for each individually) is discussed in ,
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.iuj
5-369
-------
Table 5-129
Treatment Performance Data
for ODD in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
BT*
Tectaotogr
SIB
NR
NR
NR
Full
Futility
NY0000345
LA006S501
LA0066214
LAOQ38245
Detcctioa
rjiปfc
(ng/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
i
Range of-
Influent
CaaeentratiMi '
(M/L) . . '
. NR
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Oซti
Foots
2
6
15
42
Avenge
Effluent
Cnivmtmtinn.
(W/U
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.6238
RemoTiti
(*>
NR
MR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
>JPOES
NPDES
NPDES1.
*Data used in developing universal standard.
NR ป Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-04.tuj
5-370
-------
o.p'-DDE and D.DJ- DDE. Treatment performance data for o,p'-DDE and
p,p'-DDE were compiled from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in
Table 5-130. Since the individual DDE isomers were not identified in the NPDES
database, the DDE data were used for both o,p'-DDE and p,p'- DDE. The technologies
for which data are available include full-scale biological treatment (BT) and full-scale
sedimentation (Sed). The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.016 /*g/L to
2.229 Mg/L. .
BOAT for o,p':DDE and p,p'-DDE is biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance
data represent full-scale treatment by a demonstrated technology. The Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely'achieved by
industry. Although sedimentation treatment data were also available, the Agency
believes that the use of this technology alone is not applicable for the treatment of
organics since it does not destroy organic constituents.
The universal standards for o,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDE were calculated using i
an effluent concentration of 2.229 /*g/L and the appropriate variability factor and ,
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for o,p'-
and p,p'-DDE in wastewaters (0.031 mg/L for each individually) is discussed in Section
6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.nij
5-371
-------
Table 5-130
Treatment Performance Data
for DDE in Wastewaters
Technology
NR :
NR
NR
BT*
Sed
Tecbnobgr
Sn.
NR
NR
NR
FuU
Full
Facility
NY0000345
LA0066214
LA006SS01
LAQ038M5
981E-
DetectioB
Limit
(M/L)
\ NR
NR
NR
NR
NR-
Range of
Influent
Concentration*
0*L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
0-100
Nfl}. o*
Data
Points
2.
15
6
38
4
Averaie
EUtoent
Coflctttntiott
(M/L)
1.0000
1.0000
> 1.0000
12290
0.0160
Removal
; . (*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
33
Reference
NPDES
.NPDES
NPDES
NPDES1
, WERL
Data used ia developing universal standard.
NR ซ Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRj-on
Q705-04.QIJ
5-372
-------
o.p'-DDT and D.P'- DDT. Treatment performance data for o,p'-DDT and
p,p'-DDT were compiled from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-131.
Technologies for which data are available include full-scale biological treatment (BT)
and full-scale chemical conditioning followed by biological treatment (Chem/Cond+BT).
The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.0003 jig/L to 102.0 pg/L.
BOAT for p,p'- and p,p'-DDT is biological treatment (BT). Biological
treatment was selected as BOAT since the available treatment performance data
represent full-scale treatment by a demonstrated technology. The Agency believes that
these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry. Although chemical conditioning followed by biological treatment ,
(Chem/Cond+BT) data were also available from the NPDES database, the Agency
chose not to use these data since the average effluent concentration from biological
treatment alone provided equivalent treatment to the biological treatment data
representing pretreatment using chemical conditioning.
The universal standards for o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT were calculated using
an effluent concentration of 0.28 /*g/L (the average of biological treatment effluent
concentration values with those effluent values less than the method detection limit for .
DDT (0.012 pg/L) based on EPA-approved methods (see Table B-l of Appendix B) set
at the detection limit) and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT in
wastewaters (0.0039 mg/L for each individually) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown
in Table 6-1. .
NRJ-471 ' ' e-vw
0701-Ol.nij . 3O/J
-------
Table 5-131
Treatment Performance Data
for DDT in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
'NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
srp
err
BT*
BTป
BT1
BIป
BT
BT1
BT
BT
Chem/Coad+
BT
Teeaaategr
Size .
. NR
NR
NR
.NR
NR
NR
NR
NR. .
NR
' NR
' NR
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full.
Full -
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Facan>
CA0037681
CA0038S98
CA0048003
CA0048194
CA0037681
CA0107417
CA0107611
NY0000345
LA0065501
LA0066214 .
CA0048216
CA0047364
CA0110604
LA0038245
CAOQ227S6
CA0037494
CA0108031
CA0037737
CA004S143
CA0047996
CA0047881
WI0003077
Detection
tjmft
WU
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
N NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR >
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. Range of
Influent
VOflf ffltMteMMV
wu
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
'NR
NR :
NR
NR
. NR
' NR
NR
NR
NR
No, of
Data
Poarts
29
5 -
1
5
13
6
1 "
2
6
15
5
3 '
9.
37
1
2
1
,3 '
2
1
1
2
. ATeragซ
Efflwmt
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Referoiee
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES .
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES1
NPDES-
NPDES* '
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES
Data used in developing universal standard
NR - Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-04.ni)
5-374
-------
Dieidrin. Treatment performance data for dieldrin were compiled from
the NPDES and WERL databases aiid are presented in Table 5-132. Technologies for
which data are available include pilot-scale activated sludge (AS), full-scale biological
treatment (BT), and full-scale sedimentation (Sed). The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 0.01 /*g/L to 95 jug/L. '
BDAT for dieldrin is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was
selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-scale
treatment and show the ability to treat the wastewater to a lower effluent concentration
than the other applicable treatment technologies. The Agency believes that these data
are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry.
Although sedimentation treatment data were also available, the Agency believes that the
use of this technology alone is not applicable for the treatment of organics since it does
not destroy organic constituents. - . .
The universal standard for dieldrin was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 1.198 /*g/L (the average of the biological treatment effluent
concentrations) and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. >
The calculation of the resulting universal standard for dieldrin in wastewaters (0.017
mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-0l.n*j
5-375
-------
Table 5-132
Treatment Performance Data
for Dieldrin in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AS
BTP
BTP
Sed
(
Tecfmotoor
Sbป
NR
NR
NR
NR :
NR
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
Full
Full
Pull
FaoJity
AR0037800
LA0058882
LA0065501
AR0037800
LA0058882
AR0037800
AR0037800
AR0037800
241B
LA0038245
PAOQ26247
981E
DctKtiM
Limit
(MlU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ronteof
!nftM*
(W0> .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
100-1000
NR
NR
0-100
No. of
Dtta
Fonts
46
32
6
31
33
-39
3
44
10
38
25
5
Average:
Effluent
(MtU
10.0000
15.2000
0.1000
0.3352
153000
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
95.0000
15500
0.8460
0.0160
Removal
(%>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
86
NR
NR
48
Refenace
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
NPDES*
NPDES* .
WERL
'Data used ia developing universal standard.
NR - Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-04.Mi
5-376
-------
Endosulfan I Treatment performance data for endosulfan I were
compiled from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-133. The technology
for which data are available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The resulting
effluent .concentrations ranged from 0.05 /ig/L to 1.71 /ig/L.
. BOAT for endosulfan I is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BOAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-
scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry. ' ,
The universal standard for endosulfan I was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 1.6711 pg/L and the appropriate,variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for endosulfan I in
wastewaters (0.023 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.nij
5-377
-------
Table 5-133
Treatment Performance Data
for Endosulfan I in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
BTT
Technology
Sn
NR
NR
NR
NR
Full
\
Faeffity
LA0065501
NY0000345
NY0003336
LA0066214
LA0038245
DetactiDB
Lima
(rt/L>:
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR ,
Raateof
IllflnBMt
ConecDtntiow
(fZtL)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Data
Pomtt
6
2
1
15 -
38
Average
EAneot
Govccamtioa
(MfU
1.7100
1.0000
0.0500
1.0000
1.6711
Rcaumtf
. (*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
, NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES-
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-C71
0705-04.MJ
5-378
-------
Endosulfan II. Treatment performance data for endosulfan II were
compiled from the NPDES database and are presented, in Table 5-134. The technology
for which data are available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The resulting
effluent concentrations ranged from 1.0 ng/L to 2.0474 j*g/L.
BOAT for endosulfan n is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-
scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry.
The universal standard for endosulfan n was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 2.0474 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for endosulfan n in
wastewaters (0.029 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071 -
0701-Ol.iuj
5-379
-------
Table 5-134
Treatment Performance Data
for Endosulfan II in Wastewaters
Tecimoloar
NR
NR
NR
BTIป
Tcchnotasr
Suป
MR
NR
NR
"Full
Faeffity
NY0000345
LA0065501
LA0066214
LA0038245
DetMtilM
Limit
0*/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Conuntntion*
(M/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Pw* Oซ-
Data
Poartป
2
6
14
38
Avenge
Eflbod
COBCCtttFSDOli
: (M^>
1.0000
1.7500
1.0000
2.0474
ROBOT*!
{*)
NR
. NR
NR
NR
.
Refermee
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDE?
*DaU used in developing universal standard.
NR > Not reported .
Source: Reference 16; .
NRJ-071
0705-04.1WJ
5-380
-------
Endosuifan Sulfate. No wastewater treatment performance data were
v .
available for endosulfan sulfate from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that endosulfan II is the most appropriate constituent to transfer
performance data to endosulfan sulfate. The treatment performance data for endosulfan
II are presented in Table 5-134. The transfer of treatment performance data from this
constituent results in a BDAT for endosulfan sulfate of biological treatment (BT). The
universal standard for endosulfan sulfate in wastewaters (0.029 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1. . . . ,
NRJ-07t
OTOl-Ql-mj
5-381
-------
Endrin. Treatment performance data for endrin were compiled from the
NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-135. The technology for which data are
available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 0.0003 jtg/L to 94
BOAT for endrin is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was
selected as BOAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-scale
treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes that
these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry. , . ,
The universal standard for endrin was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 0.1992 pg/L (the average of biological treatment effluent concentration
values with those effluent values less than the method detection limit for endrin (0.006
/xg/L) based on EPA-approved methods (see Table B-l of Appendix B) set at the
detection limit) and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor.
The calculation of .the resulting universal standard for endrin in wastewaters (0.0028
mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.nij
5-382
-------
Table 5-135
Treatment Performance Data
for Endrin in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
u.
r
r
. NR'
NR
NR
NR'
Bnป
IBfT
BI*
BT
BP
BT
BP
arp
BP
BT
Tcchaotov
Soป
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR ,
NR
NR
NR
. ' NR ,'
NR
NR
NR
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU '
Full
FuU
Facility
AR0037800
AR0037800
AR0037800
CA0037681
CA0038598
AR0037800
AR0037800
CA0037681
LA0058882
CA0048194
CA0048216
CA.0107417
CA0107611
LAOOS8882
LA0065501
CA0108031
CA00479%
CA0110604
CA0047364
CA0037737
CA0048143
CA0047881
CA0037494
CA0022756
LA0038245
Detection
Limit
, (m/L)
. NR
NR
: NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
'.NR;
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
InflntiM*
Conceotntioat
-. (MID
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
.NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
No. of
Data
j*^ * *
room
3
46
43
29
- 5
39
31
13
32 .
5
5
6
I
33
6
1
1
9
3
4
2
1
2
1
38
Avenge
Efffeort
Co&ccBtfttboft
(rt/L>
0.0200
20.0000
0.0200
0.2900
0.0180
0.0200
0.6600
0.1000
15.0000
0.0580
94.0000
0.0801
' 0.0200
15.3000
0.1000
0.0003
0.0200
0.0200
0.0133
0.0080
0.1000
0.2000
, 0.037S
0.5000
1.0868
Renoval
(%>
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR-.
NR
NR
NR
-NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
/NR
NR
NR
\
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES '
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES -
NPDES
NPDES*
NPDES-
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES1
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
Data used in developing universal standard^
Not reported
rce: Reference 16. '
NRI-071
0705-04.aij
5-383
-------
Endrin Aldehyde. Treatment performance data for endrin aldehyde were
compiled from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-136. The technology
, - v
for whiclrdata are available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The resulting
effluent concentrations ranged from 1.0 pg/L to 1.8054 /*g/L-
BOAT for endrin aldehyde is biological treatment (BT). Biological
treatment was selected as BOAT since the available treatment performance data
represent full-scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The
Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values that can be
routinely achieved by industry.
The universal.standard for endrin aldehyde was calculated using an effluent.
concentration of 1.8054 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for endrin aldehyde
in wastewaters (0.025 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRT-071
0701-Ol.ai)
5-384
-------
Table 5-136
Treatment Performance Data
for Endrin Aldehyde in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
BP
Tectototogr
Size
NR
NR
FuU
FacStty
LA0066214
LA006S501
LA0038245
DetectioB
Limk
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Inflnent
(W/L)
NR
NR
NR
No* of
Data
Foots
. 15
6
37
Average
Effluent
Coauetntiaa
1.0000
1.7200
1.8054
'
Removal
(*) '
NR
. NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES"
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705.04.iuj
5-385
-------
Heptachlor. Treatment performance data for heptachlor were compiled
from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 5-137. Technologies
for which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS),
biological treatment (BT), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), granular activated
carbon (GAC), and-trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data
represent pilot- and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
0.01 /*g/L to 26 Mg/L. .
BOAT for heptachlor is granular activated carbon (GAC). Granular
.activated carbon was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data
represent full-scale treatment with a high influent concentration and a high removal
efficiency and show the ability to treat the wastewater to a level less than the method
'* .
detection limit for heptachlor (0.083 pg/L) based on EPA-approved methods (see Table
B-l of Appendix B).
The universal standard for heptachlor was calculated using its detection
limit of 0.083 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor.
The Agency used the method detection limit value since the effluent concentration of
heptachlor was below the detection level routinely achievable using EPA-approved
methods. The calculation, of the resulting universal standard for heptachlor in
wastewaters (0.0012 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRM71
0701-Ol.nq '
5-386
-------
Table 5-137
Treatment Performance Data
for Heptachlor in Wastewaters
Teduwtofy
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
M. .
AL
AS
II A5
r&r
1
BT
CAC
GAO
TF
I1*
Technology
SซM
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Fuil
Full
Pilot ,
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Facflity
LA0058882
LA0058882
LA0065501
PA0026531
FL0021661
203A
203A
240A
203A
204A
LA0038245 ,
PA0026247
203A
237A
203A
240A
Detection
Uatt
(W/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
1.. i^.....ซ
infiupiu
V-?H**l**lMt*^**T
(W/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100 .
NR
NR
0-100
100-1000*
0-100
0-100
Nil. of
Dttt
33
32
6
29
3
11
11
13
11
8
39
25
11
1
11
12
Av0a(e
. EfflMtt
Coaetetntiiaa
(MlU
15.3000
. 15.0000
0.1000
22.4140
. 0.0430
13.0000
13.0000
25.0000
13.0000
2-3000
' 1.7590
0.8470
14.0000
0.0100
18.0000
26.0000
Removal
(*>
'NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
67'
67
68
67,
92.8
NR
NR .
64
99.99
54
67
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL .
WERL
WERL
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL'
WERL
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was repotted as between this range.
NR = Not reported
Source; Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-04.nrj
5-387
-------
/
Heotachlor Epoxide. Treatment performance data for heptachlor epoxide
were compiled from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-138. The
technology for which data are available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The
effluent concentrations ranged from 0.1 j*g/L to 16.5 j*g/L.
BDAT for heptachlor epoxide is biological treatment (BT). Biological >
treatment was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data
represent full-scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The
Agency believes that these data are representative of effluent values that can be
routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for heptachlor epoxide was calculated using an
effluent concentration of 1.1449 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for heptachlor
epoxide in wastewaters (0.016 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table
6-1. '>''.
NRM71
0701-Ol.arj
5-388
-------
Table 5-138
Treatment Performance Data
\
for Heptachlor Epoxide in Wastewaters
t
'Technology
NR
NR
NR
BT*
Twtaotojy
Sae ,
NR
NR
NR
Full
Facitt*
LA006S501
LAOOS8882
LA005S882
LA003824S
Detectiwt
Limit
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
^"^s?"*
NR
NR
NR
,.. NR
No. of
Date
6
32
33
39
Effluent
CoaccBtratioa
0.1000
15.9000
16JOOO
1.1449
Removal
. (*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES1
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR ฐ Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
07QS-04.nrj
5-389
-------
Isodrin. No wastewater treatment performance data were available for
isodrin from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were therefore
transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar with respect to
elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that aldrin is the
most appropriate constituent from which to transfer performance data to isodrin. The
s r
treatment performance data for aldrin are presented in Table 5-123. The transfer of
treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BDAT for isodrin of
biological treatment (BT). The universal standard for isodrin wastewaters (0.021 mg/L)
is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.mj
5-390
-------
Kepone. Treatment performance data for kepone were compiled from
leachate treatment performance data submitted by industry and are presented in
Table 5-139. The treatment technology for which data are available is biological
treatment (BT) with a resulting average effluent concentration of 0.317 riig/L..
BDAT for kepone is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment was
selected as BDAT for three reasons: (1) the industry-submitted leachate data showed
substantial treatment of kepone, (2) these data represent full-scale treatment and no
additional data were available, and (3) the Agency believes that these data are
representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry..
, The universal standard for kepone was calculated using an effluent value of
0317 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor. The
calculation of the resulting universal standard for kepone in wastewaters (0.0011 mg/L)
is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
OTOt-Ol'inij
5-391
-------
Table 5-139
Treatment Performance Data
for Kepone in Wastewaters
Technology
ffT
Techaolagjr
Size
Bench
Facffity
CWM .
DetectiaB
fjmtj
fol/U
NR
Range of
Influent
CoacaMntfent
(M/L)
-70.7
No. of
Data
Poimi
3.
Avenge
Effluent
Cmeeatntiw
uซ/u
0.3170
Removal
{%>
99J5
Reference
LEACHATP
Data used ia developing universal standard.
NR = Not repotted
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
07Q5-04.MJ
5-392
-------
Methoxvchlor. Treatment performance data for methoxychlor were
compiled from the WERL and NPDES databases and are presented in Table 5-140.
Technologies for which data are available include full-scale biological treatment (BT)
and wet air oxidation (WOx). The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
0.01 Mg/L to 53.652 Mg/L. ' . .
' BDAT for methoxychlor is wet air oxidation (WOx). Wet air oxidation was
selected as BDAT since, the available treatment performance data represent full-scale.
substantial treatment with a high influent concentration range and a high removal
efficiency.
The universal standard for methoxychlor was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 18 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for methoxychlor in
wastewaters (0.25 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRMJ71
0701-Ol.nrj
5-393
-------
Table 5-140
Treatment Performance Data
for Methoxychlor in Wastewaters
Tecimology
NR
BT
WO*1.
\ .
Tecbnoto&r
Size
NR
Full
Full
Faeatty
.OH0058874
WV0000108
78D
DcMctuw
Limit
ta/U
NR
NR
NR
Rant* of
laOatat
OnicctttnttOflft
<*/u
NR
NR
1000-10000
No. of
Data
Poiatt
S
I*' .
NR
A^eraga
Efflnent
CooeattntiM
0*g/U
0.0100
53.6520
18.0000
Removal
(*>
NR
NR
99.8
Reference
NPD.ES
NPDES
WERL*
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR * Not reported
. Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-04.MJ
5-394
-------
Toxaphene. Treatment performance data for toxaphene were compiled
from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-141. The technology for which
data are.available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). Resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 0.05 jig/L to 1,004 /*g/L. .
. BDAT for toxaphene is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment ,
was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-
scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry. > . '
The universal standard for toxaphene was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 0.6781 jtg/L (the average of biological treatment effluent concentration-
values with those effluent values less than the method detection limit for toxaphene (0.24
/*g/L) based on EPA-approved methods (see Table B-l of Appendix B) set at the
detection limit) and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor.
The calculation of the resulting universal standard for toxaphene in wastewaters (0.0095
/ .
mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
.0701-Ol.mj . 5-395
-------
Table 5-141
V, .
Treatment Performance Data
for Toxaphene in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
BP
BP
BTP
HP
BTP
ST-
EP
BP
BT
BTป
Tedmelogr
Sw
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
- NR'
Full
Full
Full
Full .
Full
Full
Fufl
Full
Full
Full
Farififr
OHOOS8874
GA000373S
CA0107611
CA0048194
CA0037681
LAOOS8882
CA0048216
IA0058882
LA0065501
MS0027995
CA0107417
GAD00373S
CA0037681
CA0038S9S
CA0047881
CA0108031
CA0048143
CA0047996
CA0110604
CA0047364
CA0037737
CA0037494
CA0022756
LA0038245
Detection
Limit
<ซ/U
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR'
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
lafioBBt
(MIL)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR
' NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR -
NR
NR ,
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Data
PL * Lfj
aTWHHcV
5
1
1
. 5
13
33
5
32-
6
8
5
39
29
5
1
1
2
I
9
3
4
Z
1
38
Average
Effirat
ta/u
. 0.2000
2.2000
0.1000
1.2520
0.3000
15.9000
1004.0000
15.6000
1.0000
444.0000
0.1001
13000
0.4000
0.7400
zoom
0.1000
0.4500
0.0500
0.0900
0.3667
0.1325
0.2625
1.0000
1.7421
Removal
. (*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
.NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
MPDE?
WOES'
NPDES1
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
NPDES*
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not repotted
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
0705-04.mj
5-396
-------
5.2.4
Phenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides
This section presents the available treatment performance data .and
discusses the identification of BOAT-for the following organic constituents classified as
phenoxyacetic acid herbicides: .
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)
Silvex (2,4,5-TP) ' .
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4,5-T)
NRJMm
0701-Ol.oij
5-397
-------
2.4-Dichlorophenoxvacetic .Acid (2.4-D). Treatment performance data for
2,4-D were compiled from the NPDES and BOAT databases and EPA,WAO test data
and are presented in Table 5-142. Technologies for which data are available include
full-scale biological treatment (BT) and chemical oxidation (ChOx(Cl)) as well as pilot-
scale wet air oxidation followed by powdered activated carbon addition to activated
sludge (WOx+PACTฎ). The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0,1 jtg/L to
30,432 Mg/L. .
BOAT for 2,4-D is chemical oxidation (ChOx(Cl)). Chemical oxidation
was selected as BDAT since it represents a full-scale technology with a high influent
concentration and a high removal efficiency using treatment performance developed
under the BDAT program. As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of
the BDAT database rather than other data sources (with the exception of the BAD
database) since data generated as part of the BDAT program follow EPA protocols for
sampling and analysis procedures.
The universal standard for 2,4-D was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 51.5 jig/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction
factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for 2,4-D in wastewaters (0.72
mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-01.mj
5-398
-------
Table 5-142
Treatment Performance Data
for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
BT
ChOx(Cl)*
WOx+PACI*
Ttthnotegr
SM
NR
" NR
. NR
Full
Full
Pilot
VttOity
AR0038512
AR0038S12
OH0058874
LA003824S
K099
^jljip^O
Limit
togfu
NR
NR
NR
NR
20
v30
Rang* of
(Mfl.) .
NR
NR
NR
NR
26900
28000-74000
No. of
Data
Points
22
20
5
37'
2
3
Average
Effluent
ta/ซ
30431.800
13405.200
0.100
910.030
51.500
323330
Removal
(%)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
- NPDES
NPDES
BOAT*
.WAO
'Data used in developing uaivenal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071
070S-04.nq
5-399
-------
SUvex (2.4.5-TP). Treatment performance data were available for silvex
from one facility in the NPDES database. These, data are presented in Table 5-143.
Due to a lack of information from this facility (i.e., influent concentration, technology
basis,, etc.), treatment performance could not be evaluated; accordingly, these data were
not considered in the selection of BOAT. Treatment performance data were therefore
transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar with respect to
elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes ,that 2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is the most appropriate constituent from which to
transfer performance data to silvex. The treatment performance data for 2,4-D are -
presented in Table 5-142. The transfer of treatment performance data from this
constituent results in a BOAT for silvex of chemical oxidation (ChOx(Cl)). The
universal standard for silvex wastewaters (0.72 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6,6 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-071
0701-Ol.aij
5-400
-------
Table 5-143
Treatment Performance Data
for Silvex in Wastewaters
-
Technology
NR
Technology
Siae
NR
i
Mioooo868
fJQtBCtiQB
ss
NR
Range of
Coettuttatim
(ซ/L>
NR
No. of
Data
POBtfป
9
Effhunt
Co"JS?i>ฐ
3.778
Bcnovai
{*)
NR
. Reference
NPDES
NR = Not repotted
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ471.-
(P05-04:inj-
s-4or
-------
2A5-TrichloroDhenoxvacetic Acid (2.4.5-T). Limited treatment
performance data were available for 2,4,5-T from four facilities in the NPDES database.
These data are presented in Table 5-144. Based on a lack of information from these
facilities (i.e., influent concentration, removal efficiency, etc.) and high effluent
concentrations, the Agency does not believe that these data represent substantial
treatment. Therefore, these data were hot considered in the selection of BDAT.
Treatment performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent from a
constituent judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional
groups. The Agency believes that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is the most
appropriate constituent from which to transfer performance data to 2,4,5-T. The
treatment performance data for 2,4-D are presented in Table 5-142. The transfer of
treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BDAT for 2,4,5-T of
chemical oxidation (ChOx(Cl)). The universal standard for 2,4,5-T wastewaters (0.72
mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
0701-Ol.nij
5-402:
-------
Table 5-144
f
Treatment Performance Data
for 2,4,5-T in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
BT
Technology
Sbe
NR
NR
NR
Full
Facility
NY01062S9
AR0038S12
AR0038S12
LA0038245
Detectim
Limit
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
CovM**
NR
NR
NR
NR '
No. of
Data
5
20
25
40
Average
Effluent
C^emjo.
2.000
1232.000
1292.830
703.930
Removal
<*>'
NR
NR
NR
' NR
Referee
^ NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRW7K
5-40J"
-------
52.5
Organophosphonis Insecticides
This section presents the available treatment performance data and
discusses the identification of BOAT for the following organic constituents classified as
organophosphorus insecticides:
Disulfoton
Famphur
Methyl Parathion
Parathion
Phorate
0701-01.mj-
5-404-
-------
"""<"*
Disulfoton. No wastewater treatment perfonnance data were available for
disulfoton from anys of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were
therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar with
respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that
carbon disulfide is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer performance
data to disulfoton. The treatment perfonnance data for carbon disulfide are presented
in Table 5-14. The transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results
in a BOAT for disulfoton of biological treatment (BT). The universal standard forv
disulfoton wastewaters (0.017 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table
6-1. ,
0701-OlJaj? .
-------
Famohur. No wastewater treatment performance data were available for
famphur from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were therefore
transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar with respect to
elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that carbon disulfide
is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer performance data to famphur.
The treatment performance data for carbon disulfide are presented in Table 5-14. The
transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in a BDAT for
famphur of biological treatment (BT). The universal standard for famphur wastewaters
(0.017 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
0701-oi.juj
5-406
-------
Methyl Parathion. No wastewater treatment performance data were
available for methyl parathion from any of the examined sources. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to this constituent.from a constituent
judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The
Agency believes that carbon disulfide is the most appropriate constituent from which to
transfer performance'data to methyl parathion. The treatment performance data for
carbon disulfide are presented in Table 5-14. The transfer of treatment performance
data from this constituent results in a BOAT for methyl parathion of biological
treatment (BT). The universal standard for methyl parathion wastewaters (0.017 mg/L)
is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
-------
Parathion. No wastewater treatment performance data were available for
parathion from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were
therefore transferred to this constituent from a constituent,judged to be similar with
respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that
carbon disulfide is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer performance
data to parathion. The treatment performance, data for carbon disulfide are presented in
Table 5-14. The transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent results in
a BDAT for parathion of biological treatment (BT). The universal standard for
parathion wastewaters (0.017 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table
6-1.
NRJ-07T
07Qi.oi-.nij. / 5-408"
-------
Phorate. No wastewater treatment performance data were available for
phorate from any of the examined sources. Treatment performance data were therefore
transferred to this constituent from a constituent judged to be similar with respect to
elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency believes that carbon disulfide
is the most appropriate constituent from which to transfer performance data to phorate.
The treatment performance data for carbon disulfide are presented in Table 5-14. The
transfer of treatment performance data from this constituent, results in a BOAT for
phorate of biological treatment (BT). The universal standard for phorate wastewaters .,
(0.021 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-OTI:
5-409-
-------
5.2.6
PCBs
This section presents the available treatment performance data and .
discusses the identification of BOAT for the following organic constituents classified as
PCBs:
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
PCBs (total)
As explained in Section 3.2.1, the Agency is promulgating a single
treatment standard for total PCBs in wastewaters. The universal treatment standard for
3^1- '
total PCBs was developed by summing the treatment standards originally calculated for
the individual Aroclors shown above. The treatment performance data for these
Aroclors are presented in this section for completeness.
OTW-Qltnif
-------
Aroclor 1016. Treatment performance data for aroclor 1016 were compiled
from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-145. The technology' for which
data are available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 0.5 pg/L- to 4.033 fig/L. - .
BDAT for aroclor 1016 is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-
.scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry. '''
The treatment standard for aroclor 1016 was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 0.911 /tg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting treatment standard for aroclor 1016 in
wastewaters (0.013 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRM7I;
0701-OljHj-
5-411
-------
TabIeS-145
Treatment Performance Data
for Aroclor 1016 in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
BTP
Technology
Sbe
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
FuU
Fadfity
NY0007129
LA0066214
LA0065501,
TN0001520
NY0007129
LA0038245
Detection
Urn*
(MfU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ranee of
Inflneet
CoacentmiMii
(Mil)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
No. of"
Data
Poufง
5
15
6
3
3
37
Aftrag*
EfRuart
Coacentntmt
bซ/L)
OJOO
1.000
0^00 .
- 4.033
0300
0.911
ROBOT*!
(*)
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference,
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES*
'Data used in developing treatment standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRI-071-
5-4121
-------
Aroclor 1221. Treatment performance data for aroclor 1221 were compiled
from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-146. The technology for which
data are available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 0.13 fig/L to 15.3 jxg/L.
BOAT for aroclor 1221 is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BOAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-
scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry. . '
i
The treatment standard for aroclor 1221 was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 1.018 /*g/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting treatment standard for aroclor 1221 in
wastewaters (0.014 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
.VRJ-07T
OTOI-OlJiq-
5-413
-------
Table 5-146
Treatment Performance Data
for Aroclor 1221 in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
BTP
Technology
Sat,
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
FuU
Vx&tf
LA0065501
LA0058882
LA0058882
NY0007129
NY0007129
LA0038245
Detection
Limit -
'oซ/u
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range ef
Influent
Coocentratiaia
(ra/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Dai*
PtMtfS
6
33
32
5
3
39
Average
EfRmt
CoacfiBtntioB
o^u
0.130
15.300
15.000
. 0.500
0.500
1.018
Removal
(*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES-
'Data used in developing treatment standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-m
5-414-
-------
Aroclor 1232. Treatment performance data for aroclor 1232 were compiled
from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-147. The technology for which
' i
data are available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 0.5 /tg/L to 15,3 /ig/L.
BOAT for aroclor 1232 is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-
scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry. . . ,
The treatment standard for aroclor 1232 was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 0.915 /tg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting treatment standard for aroclor 1232 in
wastewaters (0.013 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
0701-Ot-wt-
5-415"
-------
Table 5-147
Treatment Performance Data
for Aroclor 1232 in Wastewaters
Technology
N'R
NR
NR
NR
NR
enป
Technology
,Sb*
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Full
FadBfr
LA0058882
LA0058882
LA0065501
NY0007129
NY0007129
LA003824S
Detection
Link
(ซ/t>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Ififlncat
(ซ/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Data
Pointป
33
32
6
, 3
5
39
Average
Effluent
Concentration
- WU
15.300
15.000
0.500
0.500
OJOO
0.915 .
Rcauiwaf
(*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
^NPDES*
'Data used in developing treatment standard.
N'R = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRWtt-
5^416
-------
Aroclor 1242. Treatment performance data for aroclor 1242 were compiled
from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-148. The technology for which
data are available is full-scale BT. The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from
0.5 Mg/L to 15.3 /*g/L. ' : -
BDAT for aroclor 1242 is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-
scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry.
i i
The treatment standard for aroclor 1242 was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 1.186 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting treatment standard for aroclor 1242 in
wastewaters (0.017 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6:1.
NW-07T--
5-417-
-------
Table 5-148
Treatment Performance Data
for Aroclor 1242 in Wastewaters '
Technology
NR
'NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
.BT
Technology
Sne
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Full
FadBty
LA0065501
LA0058882
NY0007129
NY0202037
NY0007226
LA0058882
NY0007129
NY0000566
LA0038245
Detection
Limit
o*/u
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
teflon*
(wlU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Data
Poirii
6
31
3
29
7
33
5
12
39
Averttgt
Effluent
Concentration
(Jซ/U
OJOO
12.260
OJ93
OJOO
0.623
15.300
0.612
1.433
1.186
Ranoปal
(*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDESซ
'Data used ia developing treatment standard.
NR = Not reported '
Source: Reference 16.
0705-04.tuj
5-418
-------
Aroclor 1248. Treatment performance data for aroclor 1248 were compiled
from the NPDES database and are presented in Table 5-149. The technology for which .
data are available is full-scale biological treatment (BT). The resulting effluent
concentrations ranged from 0.5 /*g/L' to 15.3
BOAT for arocior 1248 is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-
scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry.
, The treatment standard for aroclor 1248 was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 0.928 j*g/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting treatment standard for aroclor 1248 in
wastewaters (0.013 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRMTtL
-------
Table 5449
Treatment Performance Data
for Aroclor 1248 in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
BP
Tedmatogjr
Sbe
NR
NR
NR
NR
'NR1
NR
Full
FaeJUtT
NYOOOn29
LA0058882
LA0058882
LA0065501
NY0000566
NY0007129
LA003824S
Detection
Limit
fel/t>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Inflnest
FtMffmt gl^M^llf
(W/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Data
Potato
3
33
31
6
12
5
39
Avenge
EffcWBt
Coamitiahnn
te/L)
0500
15JOO
12.260
0.920
1.433
0500
0.928
Removal
(*) .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES*
'Data used in developing treatment standard.
NR ป Not repotted
Source: Reference 16.
NRr-071*
5^20
-------
Aroclor 1254. Treatment performance data for arocior 1254 were compiled
from the tyPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 5-150. The
technologies for which data are available include aerobic fixed film (AFF) and biological
treatment (BT). The treatment performance data represent bench- and full-scale studies.
Resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.36 /xg/L to 15.3
BOAT for arocior 1254 is biological treatment (BT). Biological. treatment
was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data, represent full-
j /
scale treatment and no additional full-scale data were available. The Agency, believes
that these data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry. Additionally, the effluent concentrations achieved by aerobic fixed film (AFF)
treatment support the effluent concentration achieved by biological treatment.
The treatment standard for arocior 1254 was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 0.967 pg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting treatment standard for arocior 1254 in
wastewaters (0.014 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRW71'-
OTDl-Ol.nij-
5-421
-------
Table 5-150
Treatment Performance Data
for Aroclor 1254 in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
AFF
AFF
BTป
Tecimaioaj
Size
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Bench
Bench
Full
FadKty
LAOQS8882
LA0065501
NY0007129'
LAOOS8882
NY0007129
70A
70A
LA003824S
Detection
fii^it
wu
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
InflucBt
CoBCCBtrvtoQKHi
(08/LV
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
100-1000
0-100
NR
No. of
Data
Point*
31
6
3
33
5
19
17
39
Average
EfBnott
Coacefltntiui
te/U
12.260
1.000
0.667
15.300
1.000
11.000
0360
0.967
Removal
{%)
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
98.9
64
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
W1ERL
WERL
NPDES1
Data used in developing treatment standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-07T~
5-422"
-------
Aroclor 1260. Treatment performance data for aroclor 1260 were compiled
from the NPDES and WERL databases and are presented in Table 5-151. The
technologies for which data are available include biological treatment (BT) and :
\
sedimentation (Sed), with ail treatment performance data representing full-scale studies.
The resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.028 jig/L to 15.3
BDAT for aroclor 1260 is biological treatment (BT). Biological treatment
V.
was selected as BDAT since the available treatment performance data represent full-
scale treatment by a demonstrated technology. The Agency believes that these data are
representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry. Although
sedimentation treatment data were also available, the Agency believes that the use of
this technology alone is not applicable for the treatment of organics since it does not
V
destroy, organic constituents.
i
The treatment standard for aroclor 1260 was calculated using an effluent
concentration of 0.967 jtg/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting treatment standard for aroclor 1260 in
wastewaters (0.014 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRW7IV
0701-Ol.nij.-
5-423:
-------
Table 5-151
Treatment Performance Data
for Aroclor 1260 in Wastewaters
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
BTP
Sed
Technology
Sae
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR
NR
NR
Full '
Full
i
Fadfi*
INOOS3384
1NOOS3384
PA0026662
LA0058882
NY0007129
LA0058882
LA0065S01
NY0007129
IN0053384
LA0038245
981E
DctBCtuS
fjซ.a
0*0)
NR
NR.
NR
NR
.NR
NR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
laflneBt
C o&ccBtntiottt
te/L}
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0-100
No. of
Data
Porno
V
1
43
2'
33
5
31
6
3
1
39
5
Avenge
Effluent
Coacentratioa
(ftlU
0.500
0.560
0.500
15JOO
1.000
12^60
1.000
0.833
0.500
0.967
0.028
Raaoval
(%)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
52
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES1
WERL
'Data used in developing treatment standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRM7T-
0705-04.HIJ-
5^424"
-------
PCBs (total). As discussed in Section 3.2.1, the Agency is promulgating a
single universal standard for total PCBs in wastewater forms of wastes. Quantifying
individual Aroclors requires recognition of a chromatographic pattern specific for each -
Aroclor. Chromatographic patterns ef individual Aroclors often overlap, making it
difficult to quantify each individual Aroclor. However, the sum of the individual
Aroclors may be quantified. Furthermore, quantification of individual Arbclors may be
difficult in the case of wastes subject to degradation or treatment The Agency believes
that regulating total PCBs may eliminate the analytical difficulties in quantifying each of
the individual Aroclors. .
The BOAT for each individual Aroclor is biological treatment (BT);
therefore, BDAT for total PCBs is also biological treatment.
The universal standard for total PCBs (0.10 mg/L) was determined based
upon the sum of the treatment standards calculated for the seven individual Aroclors and
is shown in Table 6-1. {
NRI-071.
OTQl-Oljnj"-
5^425:
-------
5.2.7 Dioxins and Furans
^ > . '
^ .
This section presents the available treatment performance data and
discusses the identification of BOAT for the following organic constituents classified as
t *
dioxins and furans:
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Hexachiorodibenzofurans
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Pentachlorodibenzofurans
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
0701-Ol.mj- : 5=426
-------
Hexacfalorodibenzo-p-dioxms. Treatment performance data for
hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins were compiled from the WERL database and are presented
in Table 5-152.' The treatment technology for which-data are available is bench-scale
dechiorination of toxics using an alkoxide formed by the reaction of potassium hydroxide
with polyethylene glycol (KPEG). Since the Agency is not aware of full-scale KPEG
operations, KPEG was not considered a demonstrated treatment technology and
therefore, not considered in the identification of BDAT. Treatment performance data
were therefore transferred to hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins from a constituent judged to
be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency
believes that the tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins are the most appropriate constituents from
which to transfer performance data to hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. The treatment
performance data for tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins are presented in Table 5-156. The
transfer of treatment performance data from these constituents results in a BDAT for
hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins of biological treatment (BT). The universal standard for
hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins wastewaters (0.000063 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and
is shown in Table 6-1.
OTOWJtntj;
5-423"
-------
Table 5-152
Treatment Performance Data
for Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in Wastewaters
Technology
KPEG (B)
Technology
Sbe
Bench
'
Facffity
244B
. Detection
Limit
<ซ/lป
NR
Range of
Influent
CoattBtratkint
fซl/L)
3000
No. of
Dmta
Point*
1
Average
Effluent
Coaeentratioir
(*ซ/L)
2.10000
Removal
(*)
99,93
Reference
WERt
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
0705-04.IKJ-
5-428
-------
Hexachlorodibenzofurans. Treatment performance data for
hexachlorodibenzo-furans were compiled from the WERL database and are presented in.
Table 5-153. The treatment technology for which data are available is bench-scale
dechlorination of toxics using an alkexide formed by the reaction of potassium hydroxide
with polyethylene glycol (KPEG). Since the Agency is not aware of full-scale KPEG
operations, KPEG was not considered a demonstrated treatment technology and
therefore, not considered in the identification of BOAT. Treatment performance data
were therefore transferred to hexachlorodibenzofurans from a constituent judged to be
similar with respect to elemental composition and functional groups. The Agency
believes that the tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins are the most appropriate constituents from
which to transfer performance data to hexachlorodibenzofurans. The treatment
performance data for tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins are presented in Table 5-156. The
transfer of treatment performance data from these constituents results in a BDAT for
hexachlorodibenzofurans of biological treatment (BT). The universal standard for
hexachlorodibenzofurans wastewaters (0.000063 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
NRJrffTll
QTOWMlmp
5-42*-
-------
Table 5-153
Treatment Performance Data
for Hexachlorodibenzofurans in Wastewaters
Technology
KPEG (B)
Technology
Sue
Bench
Facility
244B
Detection
Limit
MR
Range of
tnflncBt
<********
3800'
No. of
Btt*
Pontft
1
Average
Efffaent
vftuf^ritffrtmi'
0.76000
Reiao**!
99.98
Reference
WERL
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
5-450-
-------
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. Treatment performance data for
pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins were compiled from the WERL database and are
presented in Table 5-154. The treatment technology from which data are available, is
bench-scale dechlorination of toxics using an alkoxide formed by the reaction of
potassium hydroxide with polyethylene giycol (KPEG). Since the Agency is not aware of
full-scale KPEG operations, KPEG was not considered a demonstrated treatment
technology and therefore, not considered in the identification of BOAT. Treatment
performance data were therefore transferred to pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins from a
constituent judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional
groups. The Agency believes that the tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins are the most
appropriate constituents from which to transfer performance data to pentachlorodibenzo-
p-dioxins. The treatment performance data for tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins are
presented in Table 5-156. The transfer of treatment performance data from this
constituent results in a BOAT for pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins of biological treatment
(BT). The universal standard for pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins wastewaters (0.000063
mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table,6-1.
NRJ-ffTli
543F
-------
Table 5-154
Treatment Performance Data
for Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in Wastewaters
Technology
KPEG(B)
-
Tectoatogy
She "
Bench
FariHtr
244B
Detection
Limit
, (W/L)
NR
Range ซf
loftaen*
. CoacentiBtien
(ซ/L)
500
No. of
Data
PDUItt
1
Average
Effloart
CoaoMirrtiaii
(ซ/L)
0.36000
Bcmoval
- (*)
99.93
Reference
WERL
N'R = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-OTI:
5-432"
-------
Pentachlorodlbenzofurans. Treatment performance data for pentachloro-
dibenzofurans were compiled from the WERL database and industry-submitted leachate
treatment performance data.and are presented in Table 5-155. Technologies for which,
data are available include bench-scale dechlorination of toxics using ah alkoxide formed
by the reaction of potassium hydroxide with polyethylene glycol (KPEG) and biological
treatment (BT). However, since the Agency is not aware of full-scale KPEG operations,
KPEG was not considered a demonstrated treatment technology and therefore, not
considered in the identification of BDAT.
BOAT for pentachlorodibenzofurans is biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted
leachate data showed substantial treatment of pentachlorodibenzofurans by a
demonstrated treatment technology and (2) the Agency believes that these' data are
representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry.
.r-
The universal standard for pentachlorodibenzofurans was calculated using
an effluent concentration of 0.0025 /*g/L (the average of the biological treatment effluent
concentrations) and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy correction factor.
The calculation of the resulting universal standard for pentachlofodibenzofurans in
wastewaters (0.000035 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.6 and is shown in Table 6-1.
NRJ-07I7
-------
Table 5-155
Treatment Performance Data
for Pentachlorodibehzofurans in Wastewaters
Technology
BT
BV
KPEG (B)
Technology .
She
NR
Bench
Bench
Facflfcy
CWM
CWM
244B
Detection
Loot
(M/L>
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Iปซn^f '
CoumartudiuM
0ซ
0.0001-0.0027
-0.0118
800
No. of
Data
Paint*
3
3
1
Arerage
Effluent
Coacortratioa
(ป9fU
0.002
0.003
0.71000
ROBOT*!
(*>
NR
' 77.68
99.91
Reference
tEACHATP
LEACHATP
WERL.
!0ata used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16. ' '
NRWJ71
5-434-
-------
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. Treatment performance data for
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins were compiled from, the WERL database and industry-
submitted leachate treatment performance data and are presented in Table 5-156.
Technologies for which data are available include activated sludge (AS), granular
activated carbon (GAC), dechlorination of toxics using an alkoxide formed by the
reaction of potassium hydroxide with polyethylene glycol (KPEG), and biological
treatment (BT). The treatment performance data represent bench- and full-scale studies.
-Resulting effluent concentrations ranged from 0.00001 ng/L to 0.65 pg/L.
; BOAT for tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins is biological treatment (BT).
Biological treatment was selected as BOAT for two reasons: (1) the industry-submitted
leachate data showed substantial treatment of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins by a
demonstrated treatment technology and (2) the Agency believes that these data are
representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins was calculated
using an effluent concentration of 0.0045 /xg/L and the appropriate variability factor and
accuracy correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in wastewaters (0.000063 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0
and is shown in Table 6-1. . .
NRW71L
. 5-4351
-------
Table 5-156
Treatment Performance Data
for Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
BT
ffP
GAC
KPEG (B)
KPEG(B)
Technology
SO*
Full
Full
NR
Bench -
FuU
Bench
Bench
. Facility
253B
2S3B
CWM
CWM
245B
244B
244B
Detection
Limit
(W/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
InfhMnt
COBCCntraiiOttS ,
Uซ/L) .
0.00014
0.00004
0.0021-0.0039
-0.0176
0-100
28
400
No. of
Data
Points
I
1
3.
3
NR
1
1
Avenge
Effluent
^s _j ..ป
ATtlllfafrBIt
(lift*
0.00012
0.00001
0.00500
0.00400
0.00087
0.65000
0.37000
fUneral
(%)
14
75
NR
-' 78.79
93.6
97.7 .
99.91
Refenoce
WERL
WERL
LEACHATE1
LEACHATE*
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
OTOS-Wnrj
-------
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans. Treatment performance data for tetrachloro-
dibenzofurans were compiled from the WERL database and are .presented in
Table 5-157. The treatment technology for which data are available is. bench-scale
dechlorination of toxics using an alkoxide formed by the reaction of potassium hydroxide
with polyethylene giycol (KPEG). Since the Agency is not aware of full-scale KPEG
operations, KPEG was not considered a demonstrated treatment technology and
therefore, not considered in the identification of BDAT. Treatment performance data
were therefore transferred to tetrachlorodibenzofurans from a constituent judged to be
similar with respect to elemental composition and. functional groups. The Agency
believes that the tetrachlorodibenzo-p-diqxins are the most appropriate constituents from
which to transfer performance data to tetrachlorodibenzofurans. The treatment
performance data for tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins are presented in Table 5-156. The
transfer of treatment performance data from these constituents results in a BDAT for
tetrachlorodibenzofurans of biological treatment (BT). The universal standard for
tetrachlorodibenzofurans wastewaters (0.000063 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is
shown in Table 6-1.
NBJ-071
0701-OLmj-
5+37
-------
Table 5-157
/
Treatment Performance Data
for Tetrachlorodibenzofurans in Wastewaters
Technology
KPEG (B)
Tecimatogr
Sbe
Bench
FacflSy
2MB
Detection
Umk
<ซ/U
NR
Raogeof
Infinort
Concentrations
-------
52.8
Metals
This section presents the available wastewater treatment performance data
and discusses the identification of BDAT for the following metal constituents:
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
NRJ-S7T,:
5-439'
-------
Antimony. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for antimony, including data from the EAD-CMDB and WERL databases. .
These data are presented in Table 5-158. Technologies for which data are available
include activated sludge (AS), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), lime conditioning
followed by sedimentation (L+Sed), and lime conditioning followed by sedimentation
and filtration (L+Sed+Fil). The treatment performance data represent bench- and full-
scale studies.
i
The treatment performance data available from the EAD-CMDB were
used to determine the universal standard for antimony for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD-CMDB represents industry-wide treatment performance
data which were collected as part of EAD's effluent guidelines
limitations development. Therefore, the Agency believes these data
are representative of the metals industry and can adequately
represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD-CMDB data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in
the combined metals database. These data were used in
determining EAD promulgated limits. In addition, the EAD-CMDB
data have been challenged in court and were upheld. These data
therefore represent data that have undergone further review and
have received acceptance by both EPA and industry.
BDAT for antimony is lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and
filtration (L+Sed+Fil). Lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration.was
selected as BDAT since this treatment train represents treatment performance data from
the EAD-CMDB that showed substantial treatment of antimony and a lower effluent
concentration value than the other EAD data. As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency
preferred the use of the EAD database rather than other data sources since the EAD
database represents a comprehensive source of wastewater treatment performance data
i ' '
with longer-term sampling and a greater number of sample sets than other wastewater
treatment databases., .
NRJ4T71-
070W>l.nij-" ' ' 5-440-
-------
The universal standard for antimony was calculated using the EAD mean
long-term average of 470 /xg/L and the EAD-CMDB variability factor. The calculation
of the resulting universal standard for antimony in wastewaters (1.9 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-2.
NRMTl- .
5-441;
-------
Table 5-158
Treatment Performance Data
for Antimony in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
-AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
CAC(B)
L+Sed
.L-t-Sed+Fil1
Technology
Sbc
. FuU "
Full
Full
Full
FuU
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
Bench
FuU
Full
radSty
IB
975B
201B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
638B
. NR
NR
Detection
Limit
(n/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
Range of
WU
0-1000
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000*
8500
8500
No. of
Data
Pooits
6
NR
U
2
6
6
6
. 4.-
6 .
1
NR
NR
Arenge
WL>
58.000
59.000
.6.000
6.000
5.000
2.000
2.000
14.000
6.000
200.000
700.000
470.000
Remoral
(*)
59.00
66.00
54.00
68.00
, 44.00
60.00
50.00
72.00
50.00
88.00
NR
NR
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL j]
EAD-CMDB |
EAD-CMDB- |
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported ;
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-07T
5-442:
-------
Arsenic. Three sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for arsenic, including data from the EAD-CMDB, WERL, and BOAT
databases. These data are presented in Table 5-159. Technologies for which data are
available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), chemically assisted
clarification (CAC), chemical reduction/precipitation followed by sedimentation and
f
filtration (Chred/Pt + Sed+Fil), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation (L+Sed),
lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration (L+Sed+Fil), and trickling
filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data represent bench- and full-scale
studies. ' .
The treatment performance data available from the EAD-CMDB were
used to determine the universal standard for arsenic for the following reasons:
(1), The EAD-CMDB represents industry-wide treatment performance
data which were collected as part of EAD's effluent guidelines
limitations development. Therefore, the Agency believes these data
v are representative of the metals industry and can adequately
represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD-CMDB data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in
the combined metals database. These data were used in
determining EAD promulgated limits. In addition, the EAD-CMDB
data have been challenged in court and were upheld. These data
therefore represent data that have undergone further review and.
have received acceptance by both EPA and industry.
BDAT for arsenic is lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and
filtration (L+Sed+Fil). Lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration was
selected as BDAT since this treatment train represents treatment performance data from
the EAD-CMDB that showed substantial treatment of arsenic and a lower effluent
concenttation value than the other EAD data. As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency
'
preferred the use of the EAD database rather than other data sources since the EAD
database represents a comprehensive source of wastewater treatment performance data
NRKOT-
0701-oiJHj*. .' 5-443-
-------
with longer-term sampling and a greater number of sample sets than other wastewater
treatment databases. '
The universal standard-for arsenic was calculated using the HAD mean
long-term average of 340 j*g/L and the EAD-CMDB variability factor. The calculation
of the resulting universal standard for arsenic in wastewaters (1.4 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-2.
0701-01.atj
5,444"
-------
Table 5-159
Treatment Performance Data
for Arsenic in Wastewaters
> Technology
AL
AS
AS
'AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
CAC
CAC (B) '
CAC(B)
Chred/Pt+
Sed+Fil
L+Sed
L+Sed-t-RP
TF
Teenwrfow
Sป
' Full
Full
' Full
Full
Full ,-
Full
Full
Full .
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Beach
Bench
Full
Full
Full
Full
FadHty
IB
'234A
234A'
234A
234A
234A
201B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
975B
393A
638B
638B
K062
NR
NR .
IB
Detection
IJmif
WU
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR ,
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR ,
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
Range of ,
CoocagUratioTO
o*%>
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
- 0-100
0-100
0-100
' 0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
o-iooป
100-1000*
< 100-3000 '
4200
4200
0-100
No. of
Data
Points
4
7
7 '
7
'7
7
6
6 .
6
6
6
5
NR
NR
1
1
11
NR
NR
6
Arengv
EJBna&
Coacootralioa
<ซflU
- 8.000
3.000
6.000
6.000
1.000
1.000
. 4.000
4.000
2.000
2.000
3.000
2.000
83.000
6.300
. 8.000
2.000
180.000
510.000
340.000
32.000
Rmorol
{%)
0.00
50.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
89.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
0.00
33.00
27.00
34.00
67.00
99.69
NR
NR
NR
0.00
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
EAD-CMDB
EADrCMDB*
WERL
'Data used in developing universal nandftrd.
The influent cbacentntion WM reported at between tni* range.
NR = Not reported
Source: Reference 16..
^^^i-Q7f
5-445.
-------
Barium. Two sour. )f wastewater treatment performance data were
available for barium, including daiu from the EAD-CMDB and WERL databases. These
data are presented in Table 5-160. Technologies for which data are available include
aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation
(L+Sed), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration (L+Sed+Fil), '
rotating biological contactor (RBC), and trickling filter systems (TF), The treatment
performance data represent full-scale studies. . t
i
The treatment performance data available from the EAD-CMDB were
used to determine the universal standard for barium for the following reasons: '-
(1) The EAD-CMDB represents industry-wide treatment performance
data which were collected as part of EAD's effluent guidelines
limitations development. Therefore, the Agency believes these data
are representative of the metals industry and can adequately
represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD-CMDB data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in
the combined metals database. These data were used in
determining EAD promulgated limits. In addition, the EAD-CMDB
data have been challenged in court and were upheld. These data
therefore represent data that have undergone further review and
have received acceptance by both EPA and industry.
BDAT for barium is lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and
filtration (L+Sed+Fil). time conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration was
selected as BDAT since this treatment train represents available treatment performance
data from the EAD-CMDB that showed substantial treatment of barium and a lower
effluent concentration value than the other EAD data. As explained in Section 4.3, the
Agency, preferred the use of the EAD database rather than other data sources since the
EAD database represents a comprehensive source of wastewater treatment performance
data with longer-term sampling and a greater number of sample sets than other
wastewater--treatment,databases... , - - , ,
ซVM*
070i-oi.aij 3-440
-------
The universal standard for barium was calculated using the HAD mean
long-term average of 280 pg/L and the EAD-CMDB variability factor. The calculation
of the resulting universal standard for barium in wastewaters (1.2 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-2.
NRJ-07T.
5-447-
-------
Table 5-160
Treatment Performance Data
for Barium in Wastewaters
fecbaotegy
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS ป
AS
AS
AS
AS
.AS
' AS~
AS
Technology
Sic*
Full
Pull
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
.Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
' Full
Full
Full
. Full.-
Full
Fatifitr
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
~ IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
201B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
- IB>V"- *
IB
Detection
IJmi*
(W/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
- MR*;-:.
NK..
Range of
Influent
Concentrations
0ซg/L>
100-1000
L_ 0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
" 100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1004000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000 .
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000.
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
loo-iobo
100-1000
"-' aoo-iooos
100-1000-
No. of
Data
Ponds
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
6
4
6
35
6
6
6 '
6
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
6
'.- -'65.
6
Avenge
Efflne*
Concentration
(ซ/ซ
47.000
22.000
' 12.000
17.000
54.000
17.000.
49.000
19.000
15.000
23.000
2.000
38.000
30.000
94.000
44.000
34.000
41.000
180.000
67.000
.18.000
59.000
19.000
64.000
29.000
46.000
34.000
^-*ซ.16:000-5i'-
18.000
RenoTat
{%)
76.00
|_ ?5-00
72.00
79.00
46.00
86.00
. 62.00
64.00
86.00
73.00
98 JO
65.00
75.00
61.00
63.00
88.00
71.00
67.00
61.00
,95 JO.
82.00
76.00
77.00
71.00
62.00
69.00
' 86:00'*
8S.oo:
Reference
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL 1
WERL
WERL |
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
.-<-'WERL I
WERE 1
NRJ-071-
07D5-04.mj-
-------
Table 5-160
(Continued)
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
L + Sed
L+Sed + FiI*
RBC
TF
TF
TF
'TF
TF
TF
TF
TF '
TF
TF
TF
TF
Technology
Sin
Full
Full
Full
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU -
,FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Facility
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
NR
NR
IB
IB
IB
IB
1 IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
. IB
IB
IB
IB
Detection
Limit
WL)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
fnfimปiป
<ซ/L>
0-100
. 100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
2600
2600
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
1 100-1000
rfOซ OI
Data
Point*
6
6
6
6
' 6
6
NR
NR
6
6
6
6
6
.6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Average
Effluent
Codccstrttboo
<**/L>
21.000
32.000
58.000
31.000
100.000
43.000
420.000
280.000
26.000
. 33.000
13.000
31000
72.000
120.000
110.000
. 43.000
. 53.000
79.000
47.000
17.000
140.000
Rcmoral
(*) .
72.00
75.00
61.00
89.70
.'44.00
75.00
NR
NR
78.00
39.00
83.00
68.00
52.00
62.00
21.00 ,
.49.00
71.00
58.00
57.00
80.00
39.00
Reference
WERL'
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-CMDB
EAD-CMDB-
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL .
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL.
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal staadanL
NR =" Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-OTt..
5-449^-
-------
Beryllium. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for beryllium, including data from the EAD-CMDB and WERL databases.
These data are presented in Table 5:161. Technologies for which data are available
include activated sludge (AS), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation (L-t-Sed), and
lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration (L+Sed+Fil). The treatment
performance data represent full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the, EAD-CMDB were
used to determine the universal standard for beryllium for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD-CMDB represents industry-wide treatment performance
data which were collected as part of EAD's effluent guidelines
limitations development. Therefore, the Agency believes these data
are representative of the metals industry and can adequately
represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD-CMDB data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in
the combined metals database. These data were used in
determining EAD promulgated limits. In addition, the EAD-CMDB
data have been challenged in court and were upheld. These data
therefore represent data that have undergone further review and
have received acceptance by both EPA and industry.
BDAT for beryllium is lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and
filtration (L+Sed+Fil). Lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration was
selected as BDAT since this treatment train represents treatment performance data from
the EAD-CMDB that showed substantial treatment of beryllium and a lower effluent
concentration value than the other EAD data. As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency
preferred the use of the EAD database rather than other data sources since the EAD
database .represents a comprehensive source of wastewater treatment performance data
with longer-term sampling and a greater number of sample sets than other wastewater
treatment databases.
5^50:
-------
The universal standard for beryllium was calculated using the EAD mean
long-term average of 200 jug/L and the EAD-CMDB variability factor. The calculation ,
of the resulting universal standard for beryllium in wastewaters (0.82 mg/L) is discussed
in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-2.
NMOTT:
5=4511
-------
I
Table 5-161
Treatment Performance Data
for Beryllium in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
LfSed
L+Sed+FU*
Technology
Sป
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
/
Fadfity
IB
201B
NR
,NR
Detection
Limit.
0*/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
Raageof
Enfiaait
Coanotratiaos
* WL>
0-100
0-100
10240
10240
No. of
Data
*- ซ .
rwuf
2
6
NR
NR
Arence
Efflna*
Coaccotratioa
(M^ป
2.000
1.000
300.000
200.000
Ranoral
(%)
50.00
75.00
NR .
NR
Rrfersoee
WERL
WERL
EAD-CMDB
EAD-CMDB*
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR - Not reported
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-071''
-------
Cadmium. Three sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for cadmium, including data from the EAD-CMDB, WERL, and EAD-MF
databases. These data are presented in Table 5-162. Technologies for which data are
available include activated sludge (AS), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), chemical
oxidation/precipitation (ChOx/Pt), chemical precipitation (ChPt), filtration (Fil), lime
conditioning followed by sedimentation (L+Sed), lime conditioning followed by
sedimentation and filtration (L+Sed+Fil), chemical precipitation followed by
sedimentation (ChPt+Sed), sedimentation followed by filtration (Sed+Fil), and trickling
filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-
scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD-MF database
were used to determine the universal standard for cadmium for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD-MF database represents industry-wide treatment
performance data which were collected as part of the process for
developing effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the
Metal Finishing Point Source Category. Therefore, the Agency
believes these data represent characteristics of wastewaters ''
generated by a variety of facilities in the metals industry.
(2)- The EAD-MF data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
EAD-MF database. These data, which have undergone further
review and have been accepted by both EPA and industry, were .
used by EAD in determining effluent limitations guidelines and
standards that were promulgated for the Metal Finishing Point
Source Category.
(3) As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred to use data from
an EAD database (e.g., MF) rather than other data sources since
the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of wastewater
treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a
greater number of sample sets than other wastewater treatment
databases.
MU-071-
0701-0l:aij:,
-------
BOAT for cadmium is chemical precipitation followed by sedimentation
(ChPt + Sed). Although lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration
(L-f-Sed + Fil), and sedimentation followed by filtration (Sed+Fil) data were available
from the EADrCMDB, the" Agency believes that the chemical precipitation followed by
sedimentation data from the EAD-MF database are representative of effluent values that
can be routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for cadmium was calculated using the HAD mean
long-term average of 130 /*g/L and the EAD-MF variability factor. The calculation of
the resulting universal standard for cadmium in wastewaters (0.69 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-2.
NRW7I-'
0701-Ol.nif
5-45*;
-------
Table 5-162
Treatment Performance Data
for Cadmium in Wastewaters
Technology
AS'
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS '
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS .
AS
AS
AS
CAC
CAC (B) ..
ChOx/Pt (B)
Technology
Sue '
Full
1 Full
Full .
Full
Full
FuU
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
FuU
,_ Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Futt
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
.. FuU>..
ocnCu*
i
Facility
243A
234A
234A
234A
243A
201B
167E
IB
IB
234A
, IB
IB
167E
IB
IB
167E
IB
IB
IB
' IB
167B
975B
IB
IB
IB
393A
. ' 638B.,, .
248A-
DetectitM
Uaut
(rt/w
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR"
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
.*.. .NRiv
NR
Range of
lnflnซnซ
fM*u>^ak*MA*u^^*
i _qaif ff>f|'nnflปii
<ซ/w
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
o-ioo'
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
1000-10000 .
0-100
0-100
0-100
...-... o-ipo.. ,,,..<
10000-100000
No. of
D*ป
Ponds
NR
7
7
7
NR
16
NR
7.
6
7
6
6
NR
6
6
NR
7
6
6
6
NR
NR
6
6
6
NR
VVl"-
i
Arwage
Coaccntntiott
WL) '
0.300
. 0.100
0.100
5.500 "
1.000
7.000
1.000
2.000
7.000
0.100
2.000
3.000
1.000
5.000
2.000
' 1.000
5.000
2.000
'6.000
.3.000
1.000
28.000
65.000
96.000
15.000
5.300
.. ,A .30.000.,,-.,.
900.000
Removal
(%)
90.90
99.41
99.47
68.00
85.00
30.00
95.20
60.00
86.00
95.80
87.00
.95 JO
90.90
8ZOO
80.00
93 JO
58.00
67.00
40.00
62.00
97.80
77.00
94.10
90.10
91.20
44.00
,-,-._ 75.00,,,
91JO
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
-..,. -.WERL...
WERL.
'
^^RMTi
OTQS-04-.aij-
5^455"
-------
Table 5-162
(Continued)
Technology
ChOx/Pt (B)
ChPt
ChPt+Sed*
FU .
.L+Sed
L+Sed-t-Fll
Sed + Fil
TF
TF
Technology
Szป
.Beach
Full
Full
Pilot
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Fadftr
248A
245B .
NR
2S4B
NR'
NR
NR
IB
IB
Detection
Limit
U*/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Influent
Coactntratiaai
<**/W
100000-1000000
1000-10000
NR
0-100
! 100-3830
39-2319
100-3830
' 0-100
0-100
No. of
Data
Peiatt
1
l
485
13
NR
NR
NR
6
6
AvcmgQ
Efflwnt
CoiKcntratioB
0ซ/L)
800.000
13.000
130.000
34.000
79.000
49.000
10.000
16.000
2.000
RanoTai
(%)
99.65
99.31
NR
40.00
NR
NR
NR
76.00
92.60
Reference
WERL
WERL
EAD-MF
WERL
EAD-CMDB
EAD-CMDB
EAD-CMDB
WERL
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR 3 Not reported
Source: References 9 and 16.
NRJSTf'
0705-04.nrr
5-456
-------
Chromium fTotatt. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance
data were available for chromium, including data from the EAD-CMDB, WERL, BOAT,
and EAD-MF databases. These data are presented in Table 5-163. Technologies for
which data are available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), chemically
assisted clarification (CAC), chemical oxidation followed by precipitation (ChOx/Pt),
chemical precipitation (ChPt), chemical precipitation followed by filtration (ChPt + Fil),
chemical reduction/precipitation followed by sedimentation and filtration
(Chred/Pt+Sed + Fil), filtration (Fil), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation
(L+Sed), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration (L+Sed+Fil),
powdered activated carbon addition to activated sludge (PACT*), chemical precipitation
followed by sedimentation (ChPt+Sed), sedimentation (Sed), sedimentation followed by
filtration (Sed+Fil), and trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data
represent bench-, pilot, and full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD-MF database
were used to determine the universal standard for chromium for the following reasons:
(.1) The EAD-MF database represents industry-wide treatment
performance data which were collected as part of the. process for ,
developing effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the
Metal Finishing Point Source Category. Therefore, the Agency
believes these data represent characteristics of wastewaters
generated by a variety of facilities in the metals industry. '
\
(2), The EAD-MF data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
EAD-MF database. These data, which have undergone further
review and have been accepted by both EPA and industry, were
used by EAD in determining effluent limitations guidelines and
standards promulgated for the Metal Finishing Point Source
Category.
(3) As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred to use data from
an EAD database (e.g., MF) rather than other data sources since
the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of wastewater
. treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a
NRi-onr
-------
greater number of sample sets than other wastewater treatment
.databases.
BOAT for chromium (total) is chemical precipitation followed by
sedimentation (ChPt + Sed). Although lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and
filtration (L+Sed+Fil), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation (L+Sed), and
sedimentation followed by filtration (Sed+Fil) data were available from the EAD-
CMDB, the Agency believes that the chemical precipitation followed by sedimentation
data from the EAD-MF database are representative of effluent values that can be
routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for chromium (total) was calculated using the HAD
mean effluent concentration of 572 /*g/L and the EAD-MF variability factor. The
calculation of the resulting universal standard for chromium (total) in wastewaters (2.77
mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-2.
NRJMT7F.
0701-Otaij:
5-4-58-*
-------
Table 5-163
Treatment Performance Data
for Chromium (Total) in Wastewaters
Technology
AL-
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
ซ
r
F*3
AS
AS
AS
AS ,
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
. '
L
Technology
Sat
FuU
Full
Full
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Fuil
" FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU .
N FuU
FuU
' FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU-
FuU
Paean*
IP
234A
IB
167E
IB
IB
234A
IB
167E
IB
243A
IB
IB
IB
IB
234A
IB
IB
198E
234A
234A
IB
IB
243A
IB
IB
IB.
IB
Detection
Unit
OWL)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR'
NR
NR
NR
NR
. .NR
NR'
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. 'NR
NR
Range of
Influent
CoUCttltfAtMHtt
GWD
100-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100 .
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
.0-100 ^
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
1000-10000
100-1000
- . .100-1000.,:
100-1000
No. of
Date
Points
6
7
6
NR
6.
7
7
6
NR
6
NR
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
33
7
7
. 6
6
NR
6
6
,6:-, ..
6
Average
EHtaeet
CoBCflntntiou
G*/L)
130.000
7.000
29.000
9.000
5.000
22.000 .,
16.000
6.000
3.000
12.000
12.000
36.000
35.000
6.000
11.000
34.000
36.000
. 24.000
40.000
3.000
14.000
16.000
40.000
28.000
62.000
59.000
. , 19.000,.-..,
38.000
Recover?
<*>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR'
NR
^.,NR.,.^.'.
NR
RemoTal
(*)
89.00
84.00
64.00
72.00
90.90
69.00
82.00
85.00
96.10
76.00
83.00'
62.00
65.00
89.00.
78^00
58.00
. 64.00
70.00
79.00
94.60 _
89.00
87.00
76.00
77.00
95.60
86.00
...V.,89.00.,-.,
84,00
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL ,'?
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
,,.,,..WERL... .
' WERL .
^
NRJ-071.
07Q5-04;inf
5-459--
-------
Table 5-163
(Continued)
.
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
CAC
CAC(B)
ChOx/Pt (B)
ChPt
ChPt (B)
ChPt (B)
ChPt+fil(B)
ChPt+Kl(B)
ChPt + Se 140.000
19.000
51.000
20.000
46.000
28.000
35.000
50.000
19.000
40.000
50.000
0.500
34.000
77.000
170.000
47.000
75.000
572.000
57.000
Recovery
(%>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
,NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Removal
(*)
98.50
90.00
92JO
88.00
64.00
80.000
97.40
82.000
90.00
83.00
77.00
82.00
89.00
93-50
68.00
54.00
88.00
' 94.10
62.00
74.00
99.95
76.00
' 99.66
99.91
77.00
NR
NR
Reference
WERL ]]
WERL
WERL
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL |
WERL A
WERL ^
1
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-MF* 1
BOAT
*' '" "
NRMJTT
0705-04.111]
5-460
-------
Table 5-163
(Continued)
Technology
Chred/Pt+
Sed + Fil
Fil
L+Sed
L+Sed+Fil
PACT*
Sed.
Sed + Fil
ITF
ITF
p
TF
TF
TF
TF
Technology
Sป
Full
Pilot .
FuU
Full
Pilot
Pilot
Full
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
Facffify
K062
254B
NR
NR
1294B
1294B
NR
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
DctBctms
Limit
o*/L}
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Raagftof
Influent
VflPT fflfTJJtWIil
0*/L)
6000-7000000
100-1000
100-116000
2800-9150
1000-10000
1000-10000
100-116000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
0-100
No. of
Data
Point*
11
14
NR
NR
3
3
NR
6 .
6
6
6
6
6
6 .
Afcragp '
Effluent
wv
135.000
39.000
84.000
70.000
320.000
1100.000
80.000
57.000
34.000
15.000
92.000
180.000 -
44.000
. 17.000
Recovery
(*)
68.0
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Remorat
(%>
NR
90.20
NR
NR
. 71,00
66.00
NR
, 56.00
69.00
67.00
23.00
25.00
71.00
48.00'
Reference
BOAT
WERL
EAD-
CMDB
BAD-
CMDB
WERL
WERL
EAD-
CMDB
WERL
WERL -
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR =.Not repotted
Source: References 9 and 16.
0705-04;mj-.
5-461;.
-------
Lead. Several sources of .wastewater treatment performance data were
available for lead, including data from the EAD-CMDB, WERL, BOAT, and EAD-MF
databases. These data are presented in Table 5-164. Technologies for which data are
available include activated sludge (AS), chemical assisted clarification (CAC), chemical
reduction/precipitation followed by sedimentation and filtration (Chred/Pt+Sed+Fil),
filtration (Fil), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation (L+Sed), lime conditioning
followed by sedimentation and filtration (L+Sed+Fil), powdered activated carbon'
addition to activated sludge (PACTฎ), chemical precipitation followed by sedimentation
(ChPt-f-Sed), sedimentation "(Sed), sedimentation followed by filtration (Sed+Fil), and
trickling filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data represent pilot- and full-
scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD-MF database
were used to determine the universal standard for lead for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD-MF database represents industry-wide treatment
performance data which were collected as part of the process for
developing effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the
Metal Finishing Point Source Category. Therefore, the Agency
believes these data represent characteristics of wastewaters
generated by a variety of facilities in the metals industry.
(2) The EAD-MF data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
EAD-MF database. These data, which have undergone further
review and have been accepted by both EPA and industry, were
used by EAD in determining effluent limitations guidelines and
standards promulgated for the Metal Finishing Point Source
Category.
(3) As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred to use data from
an EAD database (e.g., MF) rather than other data sources since
the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of wastewater
treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a
greater number of sample sets than other wastewater treatment
databases. .
0701-01:MJ
-------
BOAT for lead is chemical precipitation followed by sedimentation
(ChPt + Sed). Although lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration
(L+Sed+Fil), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation (L+Sed), and sedimentation
;
followed by filtration (Sed+Fil) data-were available from the EAD-CMDB, the Agency
believes that the chemical precipitation followed by sedimentation data are .
representative of an effluent value that can be routinely achieved by industry.
, The universal standard for lead was calculated using the HAD mean long-
term average of 198 /*g/L and the EAD-MF variability factor. The calculation of the
resulting universal standard for lead in wastewaters (0.69 mg/L) is discussed in Section
6.0 and is shown in Table 6-2. .
NRJ-07V
5-463:
-------
Table 5-164
Treatment Performance Data
for Lead in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS;
AS
AS
-AS
AS
AS -
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS .
:AS"^ ''""
AS
Technology
Size
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full -
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Pilot
.Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Fua
Full
Full
'"'"'Full'
Fuii:
FaciKty
IB
IB
IB
201B
167E
167E
234A
IB
167E
234A
IB
167E
234A
IB
243A
201B
234A
1294B
IB
IB
IB
198E '
IB
243A
IB
234A
IB^'
1 " m:"
DetectiM
limit
OV/Lป
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
"NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
MR-
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
'MR'"' ''
NR-
Ranteof
fiiflmail
Wtt
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
' "'"' b-iob "
toonooor
No, of
Date
Points
6
6
6
10
NR
NR
7
6
NR
7
6
NR
7
6
NR
6
7
3
6
6
6
33
6
NR
6
7
"fi
. 6
Avenge
Effluent
, CodCflofrataQB
- WU
86.000
20.000
20.000
50.000
16.000
17.000
1.000
50.000
11000
TOO
J.OOO
21.000
ND
20.000
5.400
70.000
1.000
650.000
44.000
25.000
20.000
40.000
70.000
2.200
47.000
' 1.000
:" '"24^00
'56.000T
Recovery
(*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
r NR."'
RemorsI
(ป)
57.00
66.00
66.00
34.00
86.00
.73.00
98.70
50.00
90.20
98JO
95.10
52.00
98.00
70.00
.88.00
50.00
97.80
68.00
52.00.
88.00
64.00
50.00
50.00
92.10
75.00
97.80
"f '" 70.00'-
: 57.00-
II
Rcfcnoce
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL^j
WEI^I
WERL |
WERL
WERL
WERL^
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
, WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL...
WERL
WERLj
WER^I
N'RMTT
0705-04:nr|
5-464;
-------
Table 5-164
(Continued)
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
CAC
Chred/Pt+
Sed + Fil
ChPt+SesT
Rl
L+Sed
1
It+Sed+Fil
PACT*
.Sed
Sed+Fil
TF
1-
Techooiot?
Saป
Full
Full
Full
Full
FuU
FuU
Pull
Pilot
FuU
FuU
' Pilot
Pilot
. Full
FuU
FuU
Facility
IB
975B
IB
IB
393A
K062 '
NR
254B
NR
NR
1294B
1294B
NR
IB
IB
Detection
Limit
G*/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
Uiflwnt
i ifliif fi ifrflttfHHE
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
76
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ReaoToi
(ป)
79.00
40.00
23.00
67.00
87.00
NR
NR
63.000
NR
NR
75.00
78.00
NR
75.00
19.00
Referent*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
BOAT
EAD-MF- 1
WERL
EAD-
CMDB
EAD-
CMDB
WERL
WERL
EAD-
CMDB
WERL
WERL
"Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not repotted
Source: References 9 and 16.
NRM71:.
5-465-
-------
Mercury. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for mercury, including'data from the EAD-CMDB and WERL databases.
These data are presented in Table 5-165. Technologies for which data are available
include activated sludge (AS), chemically assisted clarification (CAC), lime conditioning
followed by sedimentation (L+Sed), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and
filtration (L+Sed+Fil), sedimentation followed by filtration (Sed+Fil), and trickling .
filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data represent full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD-CMDB were
used to determine the universal standard for mercuryjor the following reasons:
(1) The EAD-CMDB represents mdustry-wide treatment performance
data which were collected as part of EAD's effluent guidelines
limitations development Therefore, the Agency believes these data
are representative of the metals industry and can adequately
represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD-CMDB data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in
the combined metals database. These data were used in
determining EAD promulgated limits. In addition, the EAD-CMDB
data have been challenged in court and were upheld. These data
therefore represent data that have undergone further review and
have received acceptance by both EPA and industry.
BDAT for mercury is lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and
filtration (L+ Sed+Fil). Lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration was >
selected as BDAT since this treatment train represents treatment performance' data from
the EAD-CMDB that showed a lower effluent concentration value than other EAD data.
Although sedimentation followed by filtration (Sed+Fil) data were available from EAD-
CMDB, the Agency believes that the lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and
filtration treatment train provides more effective treatment of wastewaters containing
metals. As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency 'preferred the use of the EAD database
ratherthajrother data- sources-'sincenhe* EAD database5 represents?a'icomprehensiveA? --
NRJ-07K
0701-Ol.nij
5-466
-------
source of wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a
greater number of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
The universal standard for mercury was calculated-using the EAD mean
long-term average of 36 /xg/L and the EAD-CMDB variability factor. The calculation of
the resulting universal standard for mercury in wastewaters (0.15 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-2.
NRW7T
5-467
-------
Table 5-165
Treatment Performance Data
for Mercury in Wastewaters
Technology
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
'AS
AS
AS
AS
AS .
AS
CAC
L+Sed
L + Sed + FiF
Sed+Fil
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
IT' .-"--'-"-
Technology
. Siป .
Full
Fufl
FttU
FuU
Full
Full ,
Full
Full
FuU
Full
FuU
Full
Full
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Fvdl
Full
Full
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
- - -FuU
/
Fttffitr
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
201B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
393A
NR
NR
NR
. TF
IB
IB
i8
IB
: C-*', IB*''"" '
wu
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
.. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR;
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
; ,--vNrw..
KdHB(
63.00
62,00
43.00
92.80
' 56.00
35.00
62.00
62.00
s
68.00
41.00
76.00
' 0.00
74.00
78.00
64.00
52.00
58.00
87.00
NR
NR.
NR
37.00
68:00
43.00
60.00
31.00
'-' 0:00^-
fe&race
WERL
WERL
ATERJL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL J|
WERL fl
WERL f
WERL
WERL
WERL'
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-CMDB
EAD-CMDB*'
EAD-CMDB
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
. WERL
?<>- iWERIi'?- -J
070S-04.MJ"
5-468'
-------
Table 5-165
(Continued)
Technology
TF
TF
Technology
- SB*
Full
Full
Fadttr
IB
IB.
Detection
Limit
(ซ/W
NR
NR
Raogeof
Influent
(M/L)
MOO
0-100
No. of
Data
fronts
6
'. 6
Average
Effluent
CoauHtratint
0*/tป
0.300
0.280
Rcnซ?ai.
(*>
46.00
47.00
Reference
WERL
,WERL
'Data used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not repotted
Source: Reference 16.
NRJ-OTI:
07D5-04,ni}
-------
Nickel. Several sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for nickel, including data from the EAD-CMDB, WERL, BOAT, and EAD-MF
databases. These data are presented in Table 5-166. Technologies for which data are
available include aerobic lagoons (At), activated sludge (AS),- chemically assisted
clarification (CAC), chemical .oxidation followed by precipitation (ChOx/Pt), chemical
precipitation (ChPt), chemical precipitation followed by filtration (ChPt+Fil), chemical
reduction/precipitation followed by sedimentation and filtration (Chred/Pt-f Sed + Fil),
lime conditioning followed by sedimentation (L+ Sed), lime conditioning followed by
sedimentation and filtration (L+Sed+Fil), chemical precipitation followed by
sedimentation (ChFt-i-Sed), sedimentation followed by filtration (Sed+Fil), and trickling
filter systems (TF). The treatment performance data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-
scale studies. '
"*" '
The-treatment performance data available from the EAD-MF database
were used to determine the universal standard for nickel for the following reasons:
(1) , The EAD-MF database represents industry-wide treatment
performance data which were collected as part of the process for
developing effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the
Metal Finishing Point Source Category. Therefore, the Agency
believes these data represent characteristics of wastewaters
'generated by a variety of facilities in the metals industry.
(2) The EAD-MF data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
EAD-MF database. These data, which have undergone further
review and have been accepted by both EPA and industry, were
used by HAD in determining the effluent limitations .guidelines and
standards that were promulgated for the Metal Finishing Point
Source Category.
(3) As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred to use data from
an EAD database (e.g., MF) rather than other data sources since
the EAD database represents a comprehensive source, of wastewater
treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a
greater number of sample sets than other wastewater treatment
"- databases;- ' -. -.,-...
NRM7L
OW-OLnqr ' - 5-470
-------
BOAT for nickel is chemical precipitation followed by sedimentation
(ChPt+Sed). Although lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration .
(L+Sed + Fil), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation (L+Sed), and sedimentation
followed by filtration (Sed + Fil) data-were available from the EAD-CMDB, the Agency
believes that the chemical precipitation followed by 'sedimentation data are
representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for nickel was calculated using the BAD mean
effluent concentration of 942 ftg/L and the EAD-MF variability factor. The calculation
of the resulting universal standard for nickel in wastewaters (3.98 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-2.
NRJ47T-:
-------
Table 5-166
Treatment Performance Data
for Nickel in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS'
AS
Technology
Size
Full,
Full
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
FuU
Full
FuU
. Full
Full
FuU
Full
Full
Full
FuU
' "'Full'
Full
Facflfty
IB
IB
IB
IB
234A
234A
167E
201B
167E
IB
. 243A,
IB
IB
IB
IB
975B
IB ,
975B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
" '234A'
167ET
Detection
Hmfr
(ซ/D
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR , '
' NBC-
Range of
Influent
Concentration!
Ua/l)
100-1000
0-100
0-100
1000-10000
0-100
0-100
.0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100 '
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
. 100-1000
100-1000
0-100
100-1000
0-100
" 100-1000
: o-ioo'
No. of
Datป
Points
' 6
6
6
6
7
7
NR
27
NR
7
NR
6
6
6
6
NR
6
NR
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
' **
7
NR"
Arenge
Effluent
CoQCCDtrftdOB
bg/U
53.000
25.000
74.000
200.000
9.000"
1.000
14.000
66.000
73.000
20.000
41.000
70.000
45.000
82.000
10.000
102,000
17.000
80.000'
22,000
120.000
36.000
120.000
56.000
40.000.
98.000
44.000
13.000 "
2.000"
Kteawtej .
(*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
" NR"
Removal
(%)
76.00
34.00
19.00
82.00
79.00
94.40
85.00
34.00
17.00.
33.00
39.00
19.00
35.00
16.00
78.00
27.00
29.00
50.00
65.00
14.00
34.00
25.00
49.00
. 56X50
4X00
19.00
" 88".00
- -, 96:w:
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
11
WERL^I
WEK^I
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
.WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL^J
" WER^B
NRJ-07F
0705-04.nij
5-^472
-------
Table 5-166
(Continued)
Technology
AS
AS . .
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
1 AS
JCAC
IT CAC (B)
CAC(B)
| ChOx/Pt(B)
ChOx/Pt (B)
ChPt
ChPt(B)
ChPt(B)
ChPt(B)
1 ChPt(B)
ChPt (B)
ChPt,(B}
ChPt+Fil(B)
ChPt+FU(B)
1 ClปPt + Fil(B)
ChPt+Fil(B)
1 ChPt+Fil(B)
1 ChPt*Sed*- -
. Technology
Sins
Full
Full
Full
FuU
Full .
FuU
FuU
Full
FuU
FuU
FuU
Bench
Bench
Bench
Bench
Full
Pilot
PUbt
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot
Pilot "
PUot
Pilot
PUot
PUot
- FuU - '
Facffity
IB
167E
243A
IB '
IB
234A
234A-.
234A
IB
IB
393A
638B
638B
248A
248A
2458
254B
2S4B
2S4B
254B
2S4B
2S4B
2S4B
254B
2S4B
254B
254B
-NR-;-"'"
/
Detection
Limit
(rt/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR\
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR :
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ป_.. 40-,'
s . Range of
Influent
ConcentrfltiOBfr
WL>
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
- cnoo
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000
100-1000*
1000-10000*
> 1000000
, 10000-100000ป
10000-100000*
10000-100000-
10000-100000
1000-10000
1000-10000
100000-1000000
10000-100000
10000-100000
10000-100000
10000-100000
100000-1000000
- 1000-10000
- 0-415000'-^ -
No. of
Data
Points
6
NR
NR
NR
6
.7
7
7
6
6
NR
1
1
1
1
1 .
8
3
17
16
3
8 '
N
8
8
3
3
17
.-V4S-'"1"
Arerace
Efflnart
Conuntratiott
Oig/U
290.000
10.000
. 19.000 '
74.000
13.000
21.000
1.000
50.000
270.000 .
240.000 .
120.000
100.000
100.000
28000.000
1900.000
27.000
190.000
2300.000
500.000
75.000
650.000
170.000
69.000
66.000
130.000
220.000
490.000
*..-- 94ZOOO.'.-.-,-.
Recovery
<*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
--.-.NR-X-:..- '
Ramorat
(*)
59.00
83.00
17.00
19.00
38.00
9120
99.71 .
70X0
31.00
46.00
20.00
41.00
93.30
99.43
91.10
99.79
99.48'
84.00
58.00
93.40
99.91
9952
W.8I
99.81
99.07
99.97
59:00
V.,-,NRซN--..,.
Referac*
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL !
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
/WERL
WERL
WERL "
WERL
WERL j
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
,EADt-MP
NRf-071-
070S-04,ntj-
5-473^
-------
Table 5-166
(Continued)
Technology
Chred/Pt-t-
Scd-t-Fil
L + Sed
L + Sed + FUV
Sed-t-Fil -
TF
TF
TF
TF
Technology
Sป
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
FuU
FuU
Futility
K062
NR
NR
NR
IB
IB
IB
IB
Detection
Limit
GH/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
Range of
. Influent
Ceccentntioav
0*itป
4000-100310000
100-27500
1650-20000
100-27500
100-1000
0-100
0-100
0-100
No. of
Data
fc*- ^_ '
rQflU*
11
NR
NR
NR
6
6
6
6
Average
Efltaot
ConceatntioB
(ซ/Ll
340.000
740.000
220.000
50.000
70.000
40.000
58.000
49.000
RecoTwy
(**
93,0
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
, NR
RemซTBl
(%)
NR
NR
NR
NR
36.00
36.00
0.00
23.00
Reference
BOAT
EAD-
CMDB
EAD-
CMDB
EAD-
CMDB
WERL
WERL
WERL 1
WEW^
'Data used in developing universal standard.
'The influent concentration was reported as between this range.
NR = Not reported
Source: References 9 and 16.
NRJ-OTi:-
OTOS^Otnrj
5-4T4'
-------
Selenium. Two sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for selenium, including data from the EAD-CMDB and WERL databases.
These data are presented in Table 5-167. Technologies for which data are available
include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), lime conditioning followed by
sedimentation (L+Sed), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration
(L+Sed+ Fil), and trickling filter systems (JT). The treatment data all represent full-
scale studies. '
The treatment performance data available from the EAD-CMDB were
used to determine the universal standard for selenium for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD-CMDB represents industry-wide treatment performance
data which were collected as part of EAD's effluent guidelines.
limitations development. Therefore, the Agency believes these data
are representative of the metals industry and can adequately
represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD-CMDB data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in
the combined metals database. These data were used in
determining EAD promulgated limits. In addition, the EAD-CMDB
data have been challenged in court and were upheld. These data
therefore represent data that have undergone further review and
have received acceptance by both EPA and industry.
BDAT for selenium is lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and
.filtration (L+Sed+Fil). Lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration was
selected as BDAT since this treatment train represents treatment performance data from
.the EAD-CMDB that showed substantial treatment of selenium and a lower effluent
concentration value than the other EAD data. As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency
preferred the use of the EAD database rather than other data sources since the EAD
database represents a comprehensive source of wastewater treatment performance data
with longer-term sampling and a greater number of sample sets than other wastewater
treatment databases.
-------
The universal standard for selenium was calculated using the HAD mean
long-term average of 200 pg/L and the EAD-CMDB variability factor. The calculation,
of the resulting universal standard for selenium in wastewaters (0,82 mg/L) is discussed
in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-2.
NIU-071
0701-Otaij
5-476
-------
Table 5- 167
Treatment Performance Data
for Selenium in Wastewaters
Til ! lit II 1
ecnootogy
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
L + Sed
L+Sed + FO"
TF.
Technology
Siป
FuU
FuU
Full
Full
FuU
FuO
Full
FuU
FuU
Facffity
IB
IB
975B
IB
201B
. IB
NR
NR
IB
Detection
IJinij
<4/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Raigeef
Concentration
(H/L)
ft-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
4200
4200
0-100
No. of
Datt
*_* _--
roam
5
5
NR
6
6
4
NR
NR
6
Average
Effloort
CdoccBtratioit
te/L)
3.000
' 2.000
12.000
3.000
3.000
2.000
300.000
200.000
3.000
Renoral
(*)
40.00
, 33.00
40.00
0.00
0.00
33.00
NR
NR
25.00
Reference
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
EAD-CMD8 j
EAD-CMDB*
WERL
^^PDป
>ta used in developing universal standard.
NR = Not reponed .
Source: Reference 16.
NRM71.
070S-04:nij:
5-4JT
-------
Silver. Three sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for silver, including data from the EAD-CMDB, WERL, and EAD-MF
databases; These data are presented in Table 5-168, Technologies for which data are
available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), lime conditioning followed
by sedimentation (L+Sed), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration
.(L+Sed+Fil), chemical precipitation followed by sedimentation (ChPt+Sed), . -
sedimentation followed by filtration (Sed + Fil), and trickling filter systems (TF). The
treatment performance data represent full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD-MF database
were used to determine the universal standard for silver for the following reasons:
(1) The EAD-MF database represents industry-wide treatment
performance data which were collected as part of the process for
developing effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the
Metal Finishing Point Source Category. Therefore, the Agency
believes these data represent characteristics of wastewaters
generated by a variety of facilities in the metals industry.
(2) The EAD-MF data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in the
EAD-MF database. These data, which have undergone further
review and have been accepted by bum EPA and industry, were
used by EAD in determining effluer/, imitations guidelines and
standards promulgated for the Met& finishing Point Source
Category..
(3) As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred to use data from
an EAD database (e.g., MF) rather than other data sources since
the EAD database represents a comprehensive source of wastewater
treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a
greater number of sample sets than other wastewater treatment
databases.
BDAT for silver is chemical precipitation followed by sedimentation
f
(ChPt+Sed). Although lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration
(L-+ SecH- Filplime conditioning: followed by sedimentation (E-f Sed)T:and;setiimentatiorr
NRP07T .. e-A-n-
0701-01.nij 5-478f
-------
followed by filtration (Sed + Fil) data were available from EAD-CMDB, the Agency
believes that the chemical precipitation followed by sedimentation data from the EAD-
MF database are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by
industry.
The universal standard for silver was calculated using the HAD mean
effluent concentration of 96 j*g/L and the EAD-MF variability factor. The calculation of
the resulting universal standard for silver in wastewaters (0.43 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-2.
NRJ-OTl.
5*479-
-------
Table 5-168
Treatment Performance Data
for Silver in Wastewaters
Technology
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
ChPt+Sed*
L+Sed
L+Sed + FU
SedtFil
TF
TF . '
TF
TF
Technology
' Saป '
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full '
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
, Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
\
Facffity
IB
97SB
IB
201B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB.
IB .
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
MR
MR
MR
NR
IB
IB
IB
IB
Detection
IJ.n{ซ
(ซ/L>
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
: NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
10
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
i"frc*m
OWU
0-100
0-100 .
0-100
0-100
. 0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
180-290
4700
4700
NR
0-100
0-100
0-100 ;
v o-ioo
No. of
Date
Point!
6
NR
6
35
6
6
6
6
6
6
6 .
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
NR
NR
NR
6
6
6
6
Average
Effluent
Com1 1*11 ti'Btiflfflt
(*8lU.
2.000
15.000
2.000
1.000
5.000
2.000
3.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
5.000
3.000
5.000
2.000
3.000
5.000
1.000
96.000
. 100.000
70.000
. 50.000
2.000
7.000
8.000
3.000
{femoral
:{%)
60.00
50.00
94.10
' 88.00
50.00
78.00
87.00
88.00
86.00
80.00
71.00
85.00
67.00
90.50
81.00
72.00
90.90
NR
NR
NR .
NR
90.00
63.00
47.00
73.00
Reference
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL J
WERL H
WERL ^1
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL I
EAD-MP .
, EAD-CMDB
EAD-CMDB
EAD-CMDB
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
Data used in developing universal standard--
NR ป Not repotted
NRJ-071
-------
Thallium. Three sources of wastewater treatment performance data were
available for thallium, including data from the EAD-CMDB, WERL, and NPDES
databases. These data are presented in Table 5-169. Technologies for which data are
available include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), biological treatment (BT),
biological treatment followed by filtration (BT+Fil), lime conditioning followed by
t ~ ' , '
sedimentation (L+Sed), lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration
(L+Sed+Fil), neutralization (Neut), and sedimentation and coagulation (Sed+COAG).
These data represent full-scale studies.
The treatment performance data available from the EAD-CMDB were
used to determine the universal standard for thallium for the following reasons:
(1) . The EAD-CMDB represents industry-wide treatment performance
data which were collected as part of EAD's effluent guidelines
limitations development. Therefore,, the Agency believes these data
are representative of the metals industry and can adequately
represent a wastewater with a variety of characteristics.
(2) The EAD-CMDB data were carefully screened prior to inclusion in
the combined metals database. These data were used in
determining HAD promulgated Emits. In addition, the EAD-CMDB
~ data have been challenged in court and were upheld. These data
therefore represent data that have undergone further review and
have received acceptance by both EPA and industry.
BDAT for thallium is lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and
filtration (L+Sed+Fil). Lime conditioning followed by sedimentation and filtration was
selected as BDAT since this treatment train represents treatment performance data from
the EAD-CMDB that showed a lower effluent concentration value than the other EAD
data. As explained in Section 4.3, the Agency preferred the use of the EAD database
rather than other data sources since the EAD database represents a comprehensive
source of wastewater treatment performance data with longer-term sampling and a
greater number of sample sets than other wastewater treatment databases.
NRW7IV
5r48f.
-------
The universal standard for thallium was calculated using the EAD mean
long-term average of 340 jtg/L and the EAD-CMDB variability factor. The calculation
of the resulting universal standard for thallium in wastewaters (1.4 mg/L) is discussed in
Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-2.
-------
Table 5-169
Treatment Performance Data
for Thallium in Wastewaters
Technology
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1 NR
SNR
J NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
|vNR<.:<- -K" -- -
^NR
Technology
She
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR.
NR ,
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ซ." , NR-'-'-;.- '
NR:-
FacStf
NJOQ53511
SC0035947
OH0006939
PA0026964
OH0006912
PA0004839
NJ0053511
PA0025933
PA0027S11
PA00232S6
CT0001538
PA0011371
MA0001783
PA0008281
MA0001783
PA0008281
MA0001783
NJOOS3S11
MAD001783
PA001376S
PA0008281
PA0004839
PAOQ232S6
PA0011371
MAOOOV783
MA0001783
VMA0001783*.
MADOOI7S3-'
Detection
Limit
(w/D
NR'
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
" NR
- NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
rira-NRrSwv-
NR
Range of
CoocenirtttiottS
(W/L)
NR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR . -.
- ' NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
-^- - :NR*..:-.-"'--
NR
Ne.o*
'Data
POJBtt
4
13
9
20
9
1
'l
1
11
27
10
19
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
11 .
1
2
14
1
1
1
i.v.-V.u.:-v
S
AV6TAฃ6
EffbMBt
CoiWtraCiott:
WU
0.055 "
386847.000
52.973
39.000
27.167
. 10.000
0.010
50.000
4.500
4T900
13.000
1.800 x.
501500,
100.000
1000.000
100.000
1000.000
0.100
1000.000
. 10.600
100.000
25.000
191.600
1.000
1000.000
' 5.000
<,>,-'.lOOO.OQO,^-
403.000 .
Removal
(%)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR
NR
MR'
, NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
;";,*;_.'. NRj>,uiv '
NR
Referace
NPDES
NPDES
NPOES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
. . NPDES
NTOES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
- NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
,5;,,..NPDES,ป,-
NPDES
NRf-071
070S-04.IUJ'
5-483-.-
-------
Table 5-169
(Continued)
Technology
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BV
BT
BT+Ftl
L+Sed
L + Sed*Fil-
Neut
Sed+COAG
Technology
Size
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
FuU
Poll
Full
FuU
Full
Fadftr
NJ0000191
NY0177482
NY0177482
NY0201421
NYOOOOSS8
LA006SS01
LA0066214
IB
. IB
975B
IB
201B
IB
PA0008800
WI0024S97
PA0026S49
WI0003620
PA00267B6
PA0027D31
LA0038245
IN0022S29
NR
NR
WI000104Q
WI0000311
Detection
W/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
tafiMBt
(*nilfmi4wntimiปL
(rt/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
MOO*
0-100*
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
No. of
Data
Pain*
1
1
42
3
3
6
15
1
1
NR
6
6
2
6
3
21
2
8
19
40
12
NR
NR
4
3
Avenge
Effhmt
ConoiUraiiott
(ft/U
10.000
10.000
9.790
16.670
13.300
55.000
61.022
5.000
1.000
5.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
116.000
2.000
2.200
20.000
39500
9.700
48.075
204.000
500.000
340.000
1.000
1667.000
Removal
<%)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
50.000
75.00
89.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NR
NR
NR .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
Referencป
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL I
WERL J
WERL H
WERL
WERL
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
EAD-CMDB
EAD-CMDB*
NPDES
- NPDES
'Data used in developing universal standard.
"The influent concentration.waireported.as.between.this,range-.
NR ป Not reported
Source Reference 16... ป ' <
0705-04.nij
5,484'
-------
Table 5-170
Treatment Performance Data
for Vanadium in Wastewaters
I
Tซdmology
NR
NR
h
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR - '
I NR
H NR
NR
NR
NR ;
NR
NR "
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
UR:
k\R
Ttchnolov
So* .
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR ,
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR , -
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
: . .'.NHJW .
NR
Facffity
MI002S13S
VA0004103
VA0004103
MI002S13S
AROOOOS23
NY0008231
NYOOQ5908.
NY0104213
NY0005932
NY0104213
NYOOQ5711
NY00021S6
NY0006262
NY0005908
NYOOQ5932
NY0005711
NY0008010
NY0107S22
NY0110043
NY0166456
NYOOQ2186
LA0005347
NYOOOS941
NYOOOS959
NY0104213
CA0047953
- CA0004961-''-
CA0005096
Detection
Lonit
wu
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR .
,NR '
NR
NR
NR -
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
>;.>. ;NR-'.V>-
NR-
Raogeof
'lnttlHUt*
Concentration*
<ซ/L)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
M,^ --.NRSV-.-. --.
NR
No. of
Date
Pointi
12
1
18
19
57
20
29
25
14
1
9
2
18
22
30
3
13
3
3
8
10
2
30
. 30
16
1
<,'ป"15'.*'*
30
ATVICC
ERhtcot
Conceotratioa
(Ag/L>
1366.700
200.000
200.000
17468.400 .
60947.400
1676.400
3591.400
324.000:
13257.100
500.000
53.300
1766.000
538.500
444.100 ,
2041.700
53 JOO
893.100
. 133.300
10.000
82.500
3227.000
300.000
2610.000
3002.900
319.400 .
20.000
&;^.-to&3ti^--
TftflOffr ,
Removal
{*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
' NR
NR
, NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
ss-^NRW^-.
NR
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES,
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES ,
NPDES
NPDES
5;i-.?NTOES>^s .
NPDES
OTOSWnij
5-486-
-------
Vanadium. Treatment performance data for vanadium were compiled
s.
from the WERL and NPDES databases, and data submitted by the California TSCD.
These data are presented in Table 5-170. Technologies for which data are available
include aerobic lagoons (AL), activated sludge (AS), biological treatment (BT), chemical
precipitation (ChPt), electrochemical treatment followed by chemically assisted
clarification (EC+CAC), floatation (FLOAT), and trickling filter systems (TF). These
data represent bench-, pilot-, and full-scale studies. The resulting effluent concentrations
ranged from 1.0 j*g/L to 60,947.4
BOAT for vanadium is electrochemical treatment followed by chemically
assisted clarification (EC+CAC). Electrochemical treatment followed by chemically
assisted clarification (EC+CAC) was selected as BDAT for two reasons: (1) the
available treatment performance data showed influent concentrations ranging from
approximately 33,000 to 105,000 j*g/L (i.e., high influent concentration) and greater than
99% removal through treatment of vanadium, and (2) the Agency believes that these
data are representative of effluent values that can be routinely achieved by industry.
The universal standard for vanadium was calculated using an average .
effluent concentration of 310 ng/L and the appropriate variability factor and accuracy
correction factor. The calculation of the resulting universal standard for vanadium in
wastewaters (4.3 mg/L) is discussed in Section 6.0 and is shown in Table 6-13.
NKFOTTT
Q701-01.M)
5-485
-------
Table 5-170
(Continued)
Technology
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR . ' .
NR
NR
AL
AS
IAS.
L
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
BT
ChPt
EC+CAC1
FLOAT
TF '
Technology
Sat
NR
NR
NR
NR
'. NR
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
.Full
Pihtt
Full
Pull
Facility
CA0005789
TX0004669
TX0007072
TX0007072
TX0077593
KY0001899
LAQ04S233
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
201B
IB
IB
IB
CAOOOS053
24SB
Andeo
CAOOQSSSO
IB
Detection
Limit
" GtfU
NR
NR ..
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR ,
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Range of
ffnltiim*
uซ/u
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0-100
'o-ioo
,0-100
0-100
o-ioo
0-100
0-100
0-100
0-100
100-1000
100-1000
NR
1071
33,000-105,000
NR
0-100
No. of
Date
Print*
30
45
1
9
58
13'
23
4
6
4
5
4
5,
4
L '24'
4
6
6
32
1
3
31
6
Average
Effluent
, 0*/L>
1827.000
2046.890
1.000
55.000
583.450
. 9376.800 .
7378.000
5.000
6.000
10.000
2.000
11.000
3.000
29.000 '
41000
2.000
130.000
190.000
' 191.000
3.000
310.000 '
370.000
9.000 .
Ramtal
{*)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
38.00
50.00
23.00
82.00
21.00
25.00
59,00
43.00
75.00
7.00-
10.00
NR
99.72
99.00
NR
0.00
Reference
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES '
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
NPDES
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WER!
WERL
. WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
WERL
NPDES
WERL
TSCD*
NPDES
WERL
Data used ia developing universal standard.
NR <* Not reported
Source: References 16 and 28. '
NRMTt-
5-48T
-------
-------
6.0 CALCULATION OF UNIVERSAL STANDARDS
This, section presents the calculation of wastewater universal standards for
the organic and metal constituents selected for regulation in Section 3.0 using the
available treatment performance data in Section 5.0. The treatment standards calculated
for each constituent selected for regulation in universal standards wastewaters are
presented in Tables 6-1 and 6-2 at the end of this section.
Treatment standards are calculated using three values: the constituent
concentration in treated waste (i.e., the average effluent concentration), an accuracy
correction factor, and a variability factor. A summary of the methodology used to
determine the average effluent concentrations, accuracy correction factors, and variability
factors for each constituent selected for regulation in universal standards wastewaters is
presented below. The determination of the accuracy correction factor and variability
factor for each constituent is also presented below. The determination of the average
effluent concentrations for each constituent selected for regulation in universal standards
wastewaters is presented in the constituent discussions in Sections 5.2.1 through 5.2.8.
6.1 Effluent Concentration Averages
For each constituent, .the average effluent concentration from the treatment
performance data identified as "best" was used in calculating the universal standard. For
some constituents, a detection limit represented the effluent concentration. That is, the
constituent was treated to a concentration less than that which could be detected using
the appropriate analytical methods. In these cases, the Agency used the detection limit
as the effluent concentration. Similarly, in those cases where effluent concentrations
were detected at concentrations less than the detection levels routinely achievable using
EPA-approved methods (see Table B-l of Appendix B), the Agency used the EPA
method detection limit as the effluent concentration.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij J " 6-1
-------
As explained in Section 5.1, the EAD-OCPSF treatment performance data
incorporated into the wastewater treatment performance database are from an EPA
study of 12 plants for steam stripping treatment and three plants for biological treatment.
The OCPSF effluent guidelines were based upon industry-supplied data from the 1983
Section 308 questionnaire as well as these EPA-collected data. For each regulated
constituent, EAD computed a long-term effluent concentration using a method that
assigned nondetected values a relative weight in accordance with the frequency with
which nondetected values were found in daily data. These long-term effluent
concentration averages, which in some cases, are different from the EPA-collected
effluent concentrations presented in the wastewater treatment performance database, '
were used to calculate those universal standards based on EAD-OCPSF data.
f -,..- 1
In some cases, the treatment effectiveness of one data set could not be
distinguished from other data sets, either because influent concentrations were not
reported or the influent and effluent concentrations of the data were similar. In these
cases, more than one data set was determined to be representative of BOAT. The
Agency calculated an average effluent concentration in these cases based on the average
effluent values from these data sets.
In cases where appropriate treatment performance data were not available
for a specific constituent, the Agency transferred treatment performance data from a
constituent judged to be similar with respect to elemental composition and functional
groups. EPA believes such transfers are technically valid where the untested constituent
has similar waste characteristics affecting performance arid treatment selection.
6*2 Accuracy Correction Factors
*
Accuracy correction factors account for analytical interferences associated
with' the chemical matrices of the treated effluent samples. In those cases where an
EAD variability factor was used to calculate the treatment standard, the Agency chose
NRJ-071 ' -
063M1.0JJ' - 6-2
-------
not to use an accuracy correction factor. Since, EAD variability factors were originally
calculated to represent performance, analytical, and matrix variations, the use of an
accuracy correction factor was not necessary for these data. In cases where an EAD
variability factor was not used, an accuracy correction factor was determined and
included in the calculation of the universal standard.
Accuracy correction factors are determined for each constituent by dividing
100 by the lowest matrix spike recovery (expressed as a percent) value for that
constituent. Since matrix spike data were not available for most of the data examined,
analytical matrix spike data were pooled from BDAT and leachate sources. Leachate
matrix spike data were used to determine an accuracy correction factor in those cases
where leachate treatment performance data were used to establish a universal standard.
BDAT matrix spike data from K101 and K102 were used to determine an accuracy
correction factor in those cases where K101 and K102 data were used to establish a
universal standard. The BDAT matrix spike data from the WAO test and K103 and
K104 were used in all other cases.
! * '
In cases where matrix spike data were not available for a specific
constituent, but were available for a similar class of constituents (e.g., volatile organics,
acid-extractable semivolatile organics, base-neutral semivolatile organics, organochlorine
pesticides, organophosphorus insecticides), matrix spike recovery data for the class of
constituents were transferred to the constituent of interest Ail recovery values greater
than 20% were averaged; an accuracy correction factor was determined based on the
averaged value. As stated in EPA's Methodology Background Document (3), matrix
spike recovery values less than 20% were considered unacceptable, and were not used in
developing universal standards. > .
In cases where matrix spike data were not available for the specific
constituent and an average accuracy correction factor could not be determined for a
similar class of constituents, a worst case accuracy correction.factor was used. The worst
NRJ-071 - '.
. 6-3
-------
case accuracy correction factor was based on a matrix spike percent recovery of 20
percent (the lowest percent.recovery that the BDAT'methodology considers acceptable).
The calculated accuracy correction factor in this worst case then equals 5 (100 divided by
20). . - - '
The accuracy correction factors used to calculate the universal standards
for the constituents selected for regulation in wastewater forms of wastes are presented
in Tables 6-3 to 6-10.
6.3 Variability Factors
The variability factor accounts for the variability inherent in treatment
performance, treatment residual collection, and analysis of treated waste samples. A
variability factor is an estimate of the maximum variance of treated effluent values
determined from a sample population of daily data. Variability factors are calculated as
described in EPA's Methodology Background Document (3).
Due to the nature of the data gathered from the various data sources
presented in this document, variability factors for some constituents were not calculated
as described in Reference 3. In many cases original effluent data points were not
available. For example, since WERL effluent data were presented as averages in the
WERL database, it was not possible to calculate individual variability factors for these
constituents since actual effluent data points were unavailable.
The variability factors calculated during the EAD regulatory effort were
used for those constituents for which a treatment standard was based on an EAD
effluent limitation. The EAD variability factors for volatile organics, semivolatile
organics, and metals are presented in Tables 6-11, 6-12, and 6-13, respectively.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.mj . 6-4
-------
' . The variability factors calculated from EPA's wet air oxidation (WAO) test
were used for those constituents for which a treatment standard was based upon EPA
WAO test data. The variability factors from the EPA WAO test are presented in
Table 6-14.
The variability factors calculated for BDAT treatment performance data
from K011, K013, and K014 were used for those constituents for which the universal
standard was based on these data. The variability factors for K011, K013, and K014 data
are presented in Table 6-15.
i . ,
The variability factor calculated from data submitted by CMA's Carbon
Bisulfide Task Force was used to calculate the universal standard for carbon disulfide.
' '
This variability factor is presented in Table 6-16.
For volatile and semiyolatile organic constituents where a variability factor
was unknown or could not be calculated, an average variability factor was used. The
average variability factors were generated from the EAD variability factors and are
specific to the type of constituent under consideration (i.e., volatile organics, acid
extractable semivolatile organics, and base neutral extractable semivolatile organics).
The average variability factor for volatile organics is the average of the variability factors
for volatile organics from EAD data, as shown in Table 6-11. The average variability
factors for semivolatile organics are the averages of the variability factors for semivolatile
organics from EAD data, as shown in Table 6-12. Determination of these average
variability factors is similar to the procedure used by EPA in previous BOAT
mlemakings to determine average accuracy correction factors.
V '
For those metal constituents where the universal standard was based on.
EAD data and an EAD variability factor was not calculated, a pooled variability factor
from the EAD-CMDB was used. This pooled variability factor was derived from the
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.mj " 6-5
-------
variance estimates of seven metal constituents (chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese,
nickel, and zinc) and is shown in Table 6-13.
i
For those' constituents chat are not a volatile or semivolatile organic
constituent where a variability factor could not be calculated or an average variability
factor could not be determined, a variability factor of 2.8 was used. Also, the Agency
used a variability factor of 2.8 for those constituents for which a treatment standard was
based upon industry-submitted leachate data, BOAT data from K103, K104, and K099
wastes, and for those constituents where the average effluent concentration was based on
.all non-detect values. A variability factor of 2.8 represents EPA's generic variability
factor calculated assuming a lognonnal distribution of effluent concentrations and an
order of magnitude difference between the highest and lowest effluent values.
6.4 Calculation of BDAT Treatment Standards
Calculation of BOAT treatment standards involves three steps: (1)
accuracy correction of the treatment performance data to take into account any
analytical interferences associated with the chemical make-up of the samples; (2)
determination of a variability factor specific to each constituent in a treatment
performance data set to correct for normal variations in the performance of a particular
technology over time; and (3) calculation of the treatment standard, which is equal, to the
average effluent concentration multiplied by the accuracy correction factor multiplied by
the variability factor. For those cases where an accuracy correction factor was not
applicable (identified with a - on Table 6-1), the universal standard was calculated as the
product of the average effluent concentration and the variability factor. The calculation
of the universal standards for each organic and metal constituent being selected for
regulation in wastewater forms of universal standards wastes is presented in Tables 6-1
and 6-2, respectively.
NRJ-071
063M1.M} 6-6
-------
Table 6-1
Calculation of Universal Treatment Standards
for Organic Constituents (Wastewaters)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetophenooe .
2-AcetyiaminoQuorene
Acrolein
Acryiamide
Acrylonitrile
Aldrin
4-Aminobiphcnyi
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Arodor 1016
Arodor 1221
Arodor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Arodor 1248
Arodor 1254
Arodor 1260 ;
Average ECDnent .
Concentration
(mg/L)
0.010
0.010
<0.10
2.0
<0.0029
0.010
0.050
4.55
0.050
0.0015
0.024
0.26 -
0.010
<0.10
0.00091
0.0010
0.00092
0.0012
0.00093
0.000967
0.000%7
Variability
Factor
5.9
5.9
2.8
2.8
2.8
5.9
5.7
4.2
4.8
2.8
5.5
18
5.9
2.8
2.8
2.8
. 2.8
- . 2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
Accuracy. .
Correction
Factor
-
-
1.01
1.0
.13
-.
.-
1.0
-
,5.0
1 1.1
-
13
5.0
5.0
5.0
5J)
5.0
5.0
5.0
Uoiversai
Treatment
Standard
(mg/L)
0.059
0.059
0.28
5.6
0.010
0.059
0.29
19
0.24
0.021
0.13
0.81
0.059
. 036
0.013*
0.014*
0.013*
0017-
0.013* .
0.014ซ
OJ314*
< - Indicates a detection limit value.
The treatment standards shown for Arodors 1016, 1221,1232, 1242, 1248,1254, and 1260 are not universal
treatment standards. As discussed to Section 3.2.1, the Agency is promulgating a single treatment standard
for total PCBs in wastewaters. The universal treatment standard for total PCBs was developed by summing
the treatment standards originally calculated for the individual Arodors shown above. The treatment
' performance data for these Arodors are shown here for completeness. .
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nrj
6-7
-------
Table 6-1
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
gamma-BHC (Lindane)
Benzal chloride
Benzene
Benz(a)anthracene
Bcnzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthehe
Sum of benzo(b)fluoranthene
and benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Bromodichloromethane
Bromofonn '
(Tribromomethane)
Bromomethane
4-Bromophenyi phenyl ether
a-Butanol
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-sec-Butyt-4,6-dinitrophenol
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Average Effluent
Concentration
(mg/L)
0.000010
0.000010
0.0016
0.00012
0.010
- 0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
-
<0.0010
0.010
0.061
0.11
0.020
0.010
<2.0
0.0030
<0.0087
0.628
0.010
Variability
Factor
2.8
2.8
2.8 .
. 2.8
5.5
14
5.9
5.5
5.9
-
5.5
5.9
5.7
. 5J
5.7
5.5 -
2.8
55
2.8
6.0
5.7
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
'
-
-
-
-
,
-
-
.
-
-
1.0
-
2.7
1.0
-
Universal
Treatment
Standard
(mg/L)
0.00014
0.00014
0.023
0.0017
0.055
' 0.14
0.059
0.055"
0.059*
0.11"
0.0055
0.061
035
0.63
0.11
0.055
5.6
0.017
0.066
3.8
0.057
< - Indicates a detection limit value. .
bAs explained in Section 3.2.1^ benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene are regulated as a sum under
universal standards.
NRJ-071
6-8
-------
Table 6-1
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
Chlordane (alpha and gamma)
p-Chloroanilinc
Chlorobenzenc .
Chlorobenzilate
2-Chloro- 13-butadiene
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroethane
bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane -
bis(2-Chloroethyl)etiter
2-Chloroethyi vinyl ether
Chloroform
bis(2-Chloroisopropyl)ether
Chloromethane '
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol %
3-Chloropropene ,
Chrysene
ortho-Cresol
mcta/para-Cresol
Cyclohexanone
o,p'-DDD
p,p'-DDD
Average Effluent
CoocentratioD
(Dtg/L)
0.00023
-------
Table 6-1
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
o,p'-DDE
p.p'-DDE
o,p'-DDT .
P,P:-DDT
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
Dibromomethane
tris(23-Dibromopropyl)
phosphate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
m-Dichlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethyieoe
trans-l,2-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-L>ichlorophenol
Average Effluent
. Concentration .
(mg/L)
0.0022
0.0022
0.00028
0.00028
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.018
< 0.010
0.016
0.016
0.040
0.010
0.026 v
0.010
0.010
0.010 ,
0.010
Variability
Factor
2.8
2.8
2.8 .
2.8
5.5
5.9
5.7
5.7
5.5
3.2 '.
2.8
55
55
5.7
5.9
8.2
25 ..
' 53
4.4
4.4
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
5.0
5.6
5.0
5.0
- -
-
.
-
-
-
13
-
-
-
.-;
.-
-
'
-
Universal
Treatment
Standard
(mg/L)
0.031
0.031
0.0039-
- 0.0039
0.055
0.061
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.057
0.036
0.088
0.090
0.23
0.059
0.21
0;025
0.054
0.044
0.044
< - Indicates a detection limit value.
NRJ-071
0630-01.nrj
6-10
-------
Table 6-1
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid(2,4-D)
1,2-Dichloropropanc
cis-l,3-Dich!oropropenc -
trans- 13-Dichloropropene
Dieldrin
Dietbyl phthalate
p-Dimethylaminoazobeazene
2,4-Dimethyipheool
Dimethyl phthalate
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Diflitrotoiuene
Di-n-octyi phthalate
Diphenylamine
Diphenyinitrosamine
Sum of dipheaylamine and
diphenyinitrosamiiie
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Di-n-propyinitrosamine .
Average Effluent
Concentration
(mg/L)
0.052
0.15 x
0.0064 ,
0.0064
0.0012
0.043, '
0.024 .
0.011
0.010
0.058
0.024
0.050
0.058
0.10
0.0030
0.095
0.073
.
0.016
; 0.073
Variability
Factor /
2.8
5.7
5.7
5.7
2.8
4.8
55
33
4.6
. 5J
12
2.5
5.5
55
55
55
55
55 .
55 -
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
5.0
-
--
-
5.0
.
'
- '
-
-
.
.,' -
-
-
-
-
.
- .
-
Universal
Treatment
Standard
(mg/L)
0.72
. 0.85 ..
0.036
0.036
0.017
0.20
0.13
0.036
0.047
032
6.28
0.12
0.32
055
0.017
05?
0.40"
0.92" .
0.087
0.40
< - Indicates a detection limit value. . <
"A& explained in Section 3.2.1, diphenylamine and diphenyinitrosamine are regulated as a sum under
universal standards.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij
6-11
-------
Table 6-1
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
Disulfoton
Eadosulfan I
Endosulfan n
Endosulfan suifate
. Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl ether
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethylene dibromide
(1,2-Dibromoethane)
Ethyiene oxide
Famphur
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Heptachlqr
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-diorins
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
Average Effluent
Concentration
(mg/L)
< 0.0050
0.0017
0.0020
0.0020
0.00020
0.0018
0.060
0.010
0.021
0.047
<0.050
<0.0048
i,
0.021
<0.0050
0.012
0.010
< 0.000083
0.0011
0.010
0.010
0.01026
0.0000045
0.0000045
Variability
Factor
2.8
2.8
2.8
. 2.8 '
2.8
2.8
5.7
5.7 '.
5.7
5.9
2.8
5.7
5.7
2.8
5.9
5.9
2.8
2.8
5.5
5.5
55
i&
2.8
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
1.2
5.0. ,
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
-
.
. -
'
1.0
-
-
12
-
-
5.0
5.0
. " "-
-
- _
5.0
5.0
Universal
Treatment
: Standard
(mg/L>
0.017.
0.023 '
0.029
0.029 '
0.0028
0.025
034
0.057
0.12
028
0.14
0.028
0.12
0.017
0.068
0.059
0.0012
0.016
0.055
0.055
6.057
0.000063
0.000063
< -Indicates a detection limit value.
-x
NRJ-071
0630-01.nrj
6-12
-------
Table 6-1
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloropropene
Indeno(l,23-cd)pyrene .
lodomethane
. Isobutanol
Isodrin
Isosafrole
Kepone .
Metiiacrylonitrile . -
Methanol
Methapyrilcne : '
Methoxychlor
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyi ketone
Methyl methacryiate
Methyl methanesulfonate
Methyl parathion
3-Methyichoianthreiie
Methylene chloride
4,4'-MethyIene-
bis(2-chloroaniiine)
Naphthalene
2-NaphthyUunine
o-Nitroanilinc
Average Effluent .
Concentration
(mg/L)
0.010
0.0064
<0.0010
0.050
<2.0 .
0.0015
0.031
0.00032
0.050
<10
0.031
0.018
<0.10
< 0.050
< 0.050
< 0.0050
< 0.0050
<0.0010 ,
, 0.023
0.090
0.010
0.095
-------
Table 6-1
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol .
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N'Nitrosodimethvlamine
N-Nitrosomethy!ethvlamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosopiperidine . '
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Parathion
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dionns
Pentachlorodibenzofurans
Pcntachloroethane
.
Fentacnloronitrobenzene
Pcntachlorophenoi
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phorate
Average. EBfoent
Concentration
(mg/L)
< 0.005
0.014
<0.010
0.050
-0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
< 0.0024
< 0.0024
0.058
<0.0050
0.010
0.0000045
0.0000025
0.010 .
0.010
0.020
0.031
0.010
< 0.010
< 0.0050
Variability
Factor
55
4.8
2.8
25
55.
55
55,
55
55
55
55 ..
55
. .2.8
- 5 5
2A
2.8
5.5
5.5
4.4
1.9
5.9
2.8
2.8 -
Accaracy
Correction
Factor
-
.
1.0
.
-
-
. .
'
-
-
-
-
1.2
-
5.0
5.0
-
-
.
1.4
1.4
15
Universal
Treatment
Standard
(mg/L>
0.028
0.068
0.028
0.12
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40 .
0.40
0.013
0.013,
032
0.017
0.055
0.000063
0.000035
0.055
0.055
0.089
0.081
0.059
0.039 s
0.021
< - Indicates a detection limit value.
0630-01.nij
6-14
-------
Table 6-1
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regalation
Phthalic anhydride
Pronamide
Propanenitrile (Ethyl cyanide)
Pyrene
Pyridine
Safrole
Silvex (2,4,5-TP)
1,2,44-TetrachlorobenzeiJC
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
1,1,1,2-Tetrachlbroethane
1,1,2^-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachlorocthylenc
23,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
Toluene
Total PCBs
Toxaphene
1 ~! J_TnrWlnrrthปnwnป
i,i,-ป- 1 liumjiODcnzcnc
1, 1, 1 -Trichloroethane
1,1,2-TrichJoroethane
Trichloroelhylene
Trichloromonofluoromethane
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Average Effluent
Concentration
(mg/L)
0.015
0.029
0.050
0.011
- <0.0024
0.031
0.052
0.010
0.0000045
0.0000045
0.010
0.010
0.010
<0.0068
0.010
.
0.00068
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0;0070
< 0.050
< 0.010
Variability
Factor
2.8
2-3
4.8
5.9 .
5.7_
1.9
- 2.8
5J
2.8
2ฃ
5.7
- 5.7
53
4.4
8.0
-
2.8
'5.5
53
53
53
' '2.8
2.8
2.8
Accoracy
Correctioa
Factor
13
1.4
-
1.4
5.0
-
5.0
5.0
-
-
' -
-
.
5.0
-
-
r
.
1.0
13
13
Universal
Treatment
Standard
Cmg/L)
0.055
0.093
0.24
0.067
0.014 '
0.081
0.72
0.055
0.000063
0.000063
0.057
0.057
0.056
0.030
0.080
0.10.
0.0095
0.055
, 0.054
0X64
0.054
0.020 *
0.18
0.035
< - Indicates a detection limit value.
NRj-ori
0630-Ol.nq . -
6-15
-------
Table 6-1
(Continued)
Constituent Selected
For Regelatton
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4,5-T)
- 1,23-Trichloropropane
l,l,2-Trichloro-l,2,2-
trifluoroethane
Vinyl chloride
Xylcne(s) (total)
Average Effluent
Concentration
(mg/L)
0.052 .
'
0.15
0.010
0.050
Q.Q56 -
Variability
Factor -
2.8
5.7
5.7
53
5.7
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
5.0
-
-
-
Universal
Treatment
Standard
<ซHS/L>
0.72
0.85
0.057
. 027
032
< - Indicates a detection limit value.
NRJ-071
063041.111]
6-16
-------
Table 6-2
Calculation of Universal Treatment Standards
for Metal Constituents (Wastewaters)
Constituent Selected
For Regulation
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium(total)
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Average Effluent
Concentration
(mg/L)
0.47
034
0.28
0.20
0.13
0.57
0.20
0.036
0.94
.020
0.096
r 034
031
055
Variability
Factor
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
53
4.9
3.5'
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.5
4.1
2.8 .
4.8
Accuracy
: Correction
i Factor
'
-
-
-
1
- .
-
-
. - .
-
5.0
..
Universal
Treatment
Standard
(mg/L)
1.9
1.4
12
0.82
0,69
" 2.77
0.69
0.15
3.98
0.82
0.43
1.4 .
4.3
2jfil
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nq
6-17
-------
Table 6-3
Accuracy Correction Factors for Volatile Organic Constituents
Using EPA/OSW Data
CoOStitBCBt
n-Butanol
Isobutanol
Methanoi
3-Chloropropionitrile
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethytene Oxide
Methacryionitrile
Trichloroethylene
1,1-Dichloroethyiene
Benzene
Chlorobenzene
Toluene
Percent Recovery
Data Source
WAO(A)
, 82
97
93
.159
152
157
103
150
87
108
165
98
MR
94
92
88
171
153 .
.172
37
158
89
110
190
110
NR
VYAO(B)
84
102
99
162
155
161
50
165
87
.120
110
88
. 87
93
89
85
182
153
161
. . 22
169
88
120
120.
90
90
K103/K1M
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
76.
NR
NR
NR
NR
MR
NR
NR
. NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
94
NR
NR
Lowest
Recovery
Value
82
89
85
159*
152*
157*
22
150*
87
108"
76
88
87
Accuracy
Correction
Factor*
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.0 .
1.0
4.6
1.0
1.2
1.0
. 1.3
1.1
1.2
Average = 103.23*
Volatile Organks Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF)ฐ = 100/100 = 1.0
The accuracy correction factor is calculated from: ACF = 100/lowest recovery value.
"Percent recoveries greater than 100% were set at 100% for the ACF calculation.
The average accuracy correction factor for volatile organics was calculated using the average of the lowest
recovery values for each volatile organic constituent (ACF = 100/avg. low value)!
NR - Not Reported
Source: References 10 and 13.
NRJ-
-------
Table 6-4
Accuracy Correction Factors for Semi volatile Organic Constituents
Using EPA/OSW Data
Constituent
Percent. Recovery
Data Source
WAO(A)
WAO:;
K103/K104
Lowest
Recovery
Value
Accuracy
Correction
Factor*
ACID EXTRACTABLES
p-Chloro-m-cresol
' 2-Chlorophenol
PentacUprophenol
4-Nitrophenol
Phenol
21
55
68
20
94
,12
55
82
13
82
58
55
0
43
42
NR
NR
NR
NR
21
NR
NR
NR
NR
26
21b
55
68"
20*
21
4.8
1.8 '
1.5
5.0
4.8 . '
Average 37
Acid Semivolatile Organics Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF)* = 100/37 = 2,7
BASE/NEUTRAL EXTRACTABLES
Acenapbthenc
1,4-DicfaIorobenzenc .
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
N-nitroso-di-D-propylamine
Pyrene
)
1,2,4-Tricfalorobenzenc
Nitrobenzene
Aniline
72
65
78
79
68
73
w
NR
86
74
112
92
67
87
NR
NR
79
"52
69 .
51
84
61
MR ^
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
115
91
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
116
97
72,
52
69
51
67
61
115s
91
1.4
1.9
U
2.0
1J
1.6
1.0
1.1'
Average = 723
Base/Neutral Semivolatile Organics Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF)4 * 100/723 = 138
The accuracy correction factor is calculated from: ACF = 100/lowest recovery value.
bPercent recoveries less than 20% were not considered. "
'Percent recoveries greater than 100% were set at 100% for the ACF calculation.
dThe average accuracy correction factor for sernivolatile organics was calculated using the average of the
lowest recovery values for each semivolatilc organic constituent (ACF = 100/avg. low value).
ป , < ' ' * -
Source: References 10 and 13. '
NRJ-071
06304)1.01]
6-19
-------
Table 6-5
Accuracy Correction Factors for Semivolatile Organic Constituents Using
EPA/OSW K101 and K102 Data
\
Constituent
1,2,4-Trichlorobeozene
Acenaphthene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Pyrene
N-Nitrosodi-Q-propylamine
1,4-Dichlorobenzehe
3-Nitroaniline
4-Nitrophenol
2-Nitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
Percent Recovery
Matrix Spike
Matrix Spike
Duplicate
Lowest Recovery
Value
K101
. ' 28
43
81
/ 63
47
27
65
70
/ 27
86
44
" 77
117 . , '
85
68
42
98
64
36
82
28
43
81
63
' 47 .
27
65
64
27
82
Average = 52.7
Semivolatile Organics Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF)' = 100/52.7 = 1.9
- . . . - '.- ; *"";- -,-:.< r'-'l - Ktซ2?.-.:;"""> ;-.<;.-..:. ;'C:;" -';.; --.
4-Nitrophenol
113b
113k
113b
Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF)' ป 100/100 = 1.0
The average accuracy correction factor for semivolatile organics was calculated using the average of the
lowest recovery values for each semivolatile organic constituent (ACF - 100/avg. low value).
"Percent recoveries greater, than 100% were set at 100% for the ACF calculation.
Source: Reference 30.
NRJ-071
063O41.IUJ
6-20
-------
Table 6-6
Accuracy Correction Factors for Volatile Organic Constituents Using
Industry-Submitted Leachate Data from Dow
Constituent
. Methanol.
Isobutanol
n-Butanol
1,1-Dichioroethyiene
Trichioroethylene
Chlorobenzene
Toluene
Benzene
Percent Recovery
Matrix Spit*
100
101
105
130
94
98
100
94
Matrix Spike
Duplicate
100
101
99
132
94
96
100
94
Lowest Recovery
Value
100*
101*
99
130*
94
96
100*
94
Accuracy
Correction Factor*
1.0
Ifl
1.01
1.0
1.06
1.04
1.0
1.06
Average - 101.75*
Volatile Organics Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACT)' = ' 100/100 = 1.00
The accuracy correction factor is calculated from: ACF = 100/lowest recovery value.
"Percent recoveries greater than 100% were set at 100% for the ACF calculation.
"The average accuracy correction factor for volatile organics was calculated using the average of the lowest
recovery values for each volatile organic constituent (ACF - 100/avg. low value).
Source: Reference 16 .
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.otj
6-21
-------
Table 6-7
'
Accuracy Correction Factors for Volatile Organic Constituents Using
Industry-Submitted Leachate Data from CWM
Constituent
Acetone
n-Butanol
Isobutanol
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methanol
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Matrix Spike Recovery
99
112b
112"
99
112b
99
Accuracy Correction Factor*
1.01
1.0
1.0
1.01
1.0
1.01
Average ป 1055".
Volatile Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF)' = 100/100 = 1.00
The accuracy correction factor is calculated from: ACF = 100/rccovery value.
bPercent recoveries greater than 100% were set at 100% for the ACF calculation.
The average accuracy correction factor for volatile organics was calculated using the average of the recovery
values for each volatile organic constituent (ACF - 100/avg. low value).
i
Source: Reference 16 '
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.arj
6-22
-------
Table 6-8
Accuracy Correction Factors for Semivolatile Organic Constituents Using
Industry-Submitted 'Leachate Data from Dow
Constituent
Percent Recovery
, :_
Matrix Spike
: Matrix Spike
Duplicate
Lowest Recovery
--" ", Value.:-',- '.
Accuracy
Correction
: Factor*
ACID EXTRACTABLES
ป
Pentachlorophcnol
Phenol
2-Chlorophenol
p-Chloro-m-crcsol -
4-N5trophenol
79-
i 71
72
79
109
'83
74
73
- 84--
100
79
71
72
79
100
U
1.4
1.4
13
1.0
, Average = 802
Acid Semivolatile Organics Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF)11 * 100/802 = 125
BASE/NEUTRAL EXTRACTABLES
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzcne
Acenaphthene
2,4-Duutrotoluene
Pyrene
N-Nitroso-n-propylaniine
1,4-Dichiorobenzene
80
81
84
87
60
. 74
89
,. 86
83
105
65
82
80 ,
81
83
87
60
74.
U
12
12
1.1
1.7
1.4 '
Average = 77.5 -
Base/Neutral Semivolatile Organics Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF)* = 100/77.5 = 129.
The accuracy correction factor is calculated from ACF = 100/lowest recovery value.
'The average accuracy correction factor for semivolatile organics was calculated using the average of the
lowest recovery values for each semivolatile organic constituent (ACF = 100/avg. low value).
Source: Reference 16
NRJ-071
063041.ni)
6-23
-------
Table 6-9
Accuracy Correction Factors for Organochlorine Pesticide Organic
Constituents Using Industry-Submitted Leachate Data from Dow
Constitoent
Lindane (BHC)
Heptachlor
Aldrin
Dteldrin
Endrin
DDT
Percent Recovery
Matrix Spite
115
210
20
.74
71.
42
Matrix Spike
Duplicate
110
195
15
68
70
34
Lowest Recovery
Value
110*
195"
20ฐ
68
70
,: 34
Accuracy
Correction Factor*
1.0 .
1.0
5.0
1.5
1.4
2.9
Average = 82.83
Organochlorine Pesticides Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACT)* = 100/8183 - 121
The accuracy correction factor is calculated from: ACF = 100/Iowest recovery value.
""Percent recoveries greater than 100% were set at 100% for the ACF calculation.
'Percent recoveries less than 20% were not considered.
"The average accuracy correction factor for Organochlorine pesticides was calculated using the average of the
lowest recovery values for each Organochlorine pesticide constituent (ACF = 100/avg. low value).
Source: Reference 16
NRJ-071
06304i.oq
6-24
-------
Table 6-10
Accuracy Correction Factors for Organophosphonis Insecticide Organic
Constituents Using Industry-Submitted Leachate Data from Dow
Constituent
Phorate
. Disulfoton
Methyl Farathion
Percent Recovray
MatrtaSpito
67
83 '
102
Matrix Spike
Duplicate
71
87,
106
Lowest Recovery
.:,,;: . Valued' ...
67
83
102b
Accuracy
Correction Factor"
' 1.5
.;-L2
1.0
. " Average = 84.0
Organophosphonis Insecticides Average Accuracy Correction Factor (ACF)ฐ = 100/84.0 = 1.19
The accuracy correction factor is calculated from: ACF = 100/lowest recovery value.
"Percent recoveries greater than 100% were set at 100% for the ACF calculation.
The average accuracy correction factor for Organophosphonis insecticides was calculated using the average
of the lowest recovery values for each Organophosphonis insecticide constituent (ACF = 100/avg. low value).
Source: Reference 16 .
NRJ-071
0630-01.nrj
6-25
-------
Table 6-11
EAD Variability Factors for Volatile Organic Constituents
Constituent
Acrylonitrile ^
Benzene "
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Chloromethaoe -
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
trans-l,2-Dichloroethylene
Methytene Chloride ,
Tetrachloroethyiene
Toluene -
1,1,1-Trichlproe thane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichlorocthylene
Vinyl Chloride
EAD Variability Factor
4.83045
- 13.5252
5.34808
3J1334
3.79125
5.88383
8.22387
14723
534808
.3.86915
534808
7.9506
534808
534808
534808
534808
Average * 5.7310
/
Volatile Orgaaics Average Variability Factor = S.7310
Source: Reference 6
NFJ-071
063(W31.nij
6-26
-------
Table 6-12
EAD Variability Factors for Semivolatile Organic Constituents
Constituent
EAD Variability Factor
ACID EXTRACTABLES
2,4-Dimethylphenol
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
4-NitrophenoI
Phenol ,
3.2565
11.5417
2.45842 .
2.47783
2.49705
Average = 4.4463
Acid Semivolatile Organics Average Variability Factor = 4.4463 .
BASE/NEUTRAL EXTRACTABLES ,
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthcne
Anthracene
Benzo(a)anthracene
, ป
Bcnzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene >, -
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthaIate
Chrysene .
Diethyi Phthalate
Dimethyl Phtbalate
Di-n-butyi Phthalate
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Naphthalene
Nitrobenzene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene - .
5.89125
5.89125
5.89125
5.89125
.5.89125
5.89125
' 5.91768
5.89125
4.75961
4.63833
3.23768
5.89125
5.89125
5^89125
4.83045
5.89125
5.89125
. Average = 5.5340
Base/Neutral Semivolatile Organics Average Variability Factor = 5.5340
Source: Reference 6
NRJ-071
6-27
-------
Table 6-13
EAD Variability Factors for Metal Constituents
Constituent
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Zinc " .
Pooled Variability Factor
EA0 Variability Factor
5.3 ,
4.85
3.51
4.22
' 4.5 '
4.75 " '
4.i
-------
Table 6-14
Variability Factors for the
EPA-Collected Wet Air Oxidation Data
. ConstitucBt
2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenoI (Dinoseb)
p-Chloroaniline
Phenacetin
Pronamide
Variability Factor
2.8
2.8
1.9
23
Source: Reference 13.
NRJ-071
0630-01.nij
6-29
-------
Table 6-15
Variability Factors for the
BOAT Data from K011, K013, and K014
Coratftuent
ปrปp-w
Acetonitriie
Acrylonitrile
Acrylamide
Benzene
Variability Factor
4.66
2.8
4.22
124
Source: Reference 29.
6-30
-------
t Table 6-16
Variability Factor for the
CMA's Carbon Disulfide Task Force Data
Canstitueiil
Carbon Disulfide .
Variability Factor
6.02
Source: Reference 27.
NRJ-071
0630-pl.nij
6-31
-------
I
-------
7.0
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Radian Corporation provided technical support for the development of this
document to the U.S. Environmental- Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste under
Contract Numbers 68-W9-0072, 68-WO-0025, and 68-W3-0001. This document was
prepared under the direction of Richard Kinch, Chief, Waste Treatment Branch; Larry
Rosengrant, Section Chief, Treatment Technology Section; and Angela Wilkes and David
, * * /
Levy, Project Officers. Mary Cunningham served as Project Manager for the first draft
of the proposed document. Lisa Jones served as Project Manager for the final
document. Steve Silverman served as EPA legal advisor.
The following personnel from Radian Corporation supported the
development of this document: Thomas Ferguson and Gayle Kline, Program Managers;
Mary Willett and Richard Weisman, Project Directors; and the Radian Project team,
Julian Bentley, Chrisanti Haretos, Nancy Johnson, Tim Meeks, Tim McLaughlin, and
Lori Myers.
NRWJ71
'7-1
-------
-------
8.0
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
REFERENCES
American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and the
Water, Pollution Control Federation. Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater. Sixteenth Edition. American Public Health Association.
Washington, D.C. 1985. _
USEPAf July, 1994. Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAD
Background Document for Universal Standards. Volume A: Universal Standards
for Nonwastewater Forms of Wastes. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C. .
USEPA. October 23, 1991. Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for. Quality Assurance/Quality fnntml
Procedures and Methodology. U.S. Environmental. Protection1 Agency, Office of
Solid Waste. Washington, D.C. .
USEPA. Office of Solid Waste. Land Disposal Restrictions; Potential Treatment
Standards for Newly. Identified and Listed Wastes and Contaminated Debris;
Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Federal Register. (56 FR 24444).
May 30, 1991.'
USEPA. June, 1989. Treatment Technology Background Document. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C '
USEPA. October, 1987. Development Document for Ffflnent Limitarinm
Guidelines New Source Performance Standards and Pretfeatment Standards for
Category. Volumes I and n. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,. Office of
Water Regulations and Standards. Washington, D.C.
USEPA.' June, 1982. Development Document for New Source Performance
ndflr< an.d Pretreafrnrient Standards for the Inorganic CheT*1*****!8 Manufacturing
Point Source Category. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Regulations and Standards. Washington, D.C.
(
USEPA. May, 1989. Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines
and Standards for the Nonferrous Me*ปlft Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Volume I. U.S. Environmental Protection. Agency, Office of Water Regulations
and Standards. Washington, D.C. .
NRJ-07I
0630-Ol.orj
8-1
-------
9. USEPA. June, 1983. Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines New Source Performance Standards for the Metal Finishing Point
Source Category. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water -
Regulations and Standards. Washington, D.C.
- * ' '
10. USEPA. 1988. Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT') Background
Document for the Aniline Production Treatabilitv Group (K103. K104). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
11. USEPA. 1988. Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background
Document for K062. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, D.C.
12. USEPA. 1986. Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT) Background
Document for F001-FQ05 Spent Solvents. Volume 2. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
ฃ
13. USEPA. April, 1990. Onsite Engineering Report of Wet Air Oxidation and
PACTฎ System Treatabilitv Study at Zimpro/Pasygvant. Volume I. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
14. USEPA. 1989. PCS. Computer Printout: Facilities with Quantity/Concentration
Data from the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).
Retrieved September, 1989. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington,
D.C.
15. USEPA. 1989. Office of Research and Development Computer Printout: Data
on Wastewater Treatment from the WERL Treatability Database. Retrieved
February, 1989. U.S. Environmental. Protection Agency. Washington, D.C.
16. USEPA. May, 1990. Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDA'D
Background Document for U and P-Waste* a"d Multi-Source Leachate (F039).
Volume A: Wastewater Forms of TJ and P Wastes and Multi-Source Leachate
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
* }
17. Meidl, J. and Peterson, R., Zimpro/Passavant, Inc., 1987. The Treatment of
Contaminated Groundwater and RCRA Wastewater at Bofors-Nobel, Inc., 4th
National RCRA Conference on Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials
(HMCRI), Washington, D.C.
18. Hoffman, M. and Oettinger, T., Zimpro/Passavant, Inc., 1987. Landfill Leachate
with the PACT0 System. 60th Annual Meeting of the Central States Water
Pollution Control Association. St. Paul, MN. '. l
NRJ-OTl
0630-Ol.aij
8-2
-------
19. Dietrich, M. et al, Zimpro/Passavant, Inc., 1988. Removal of Pollutants from
Dilute Wastewater by the PACT0 Treatment Process. Environmental Progress.
.7:143-149. .
20. Dietrich, M. et al., Zimpro/Passavant, Inc., 1985. Wet Air Oxidation of
Hazardous Organics in Wastewater. Environmental Progress. 7:171-177.
21. Dietrich, M. et al., Zimpro/Passavant, Inc., 1984. Demonstration of Full-Scale
Wet Air Oxidation of Hazardous Wastes. Rothschild, WI: Zimpro, Inc.
22. USEPA. November, 1982. A Statistical Analysis of the Combined Metals
Industries Effluent Data. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington,
D.C.
23. USEPA. November, 1986. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste:
Physical/Chemical Methods. SW-846. Third Edition. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
24. USEPA. July, 1992. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste.
Physical/Chemical Methods. SW-846. Update I. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
25. USEPA. May, 1991. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste.
Physical/Chemical Methods. SW-846. Proposed Update H U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C.
26. USEPA. March, 1983. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes.
EPA-600/4-79-020. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C.
27. Chemical Manufacturers Association's Carbon Disulfide Task Force. April 19,
1994. Supplemental Data Submission Relating to Land Disposal Restrictions for
Newly Identified and Listed Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Soil, Proposed
Rule. Chemical Manufacturers Association. Washington, D.C. ;
28. California Toxic Substances Control Division. September 8, 1988. Staff Report
on Proposed Treatment Standards for Metal-Containing Aqueous Wastes.
California Toxic Substances Control Division. Sacramento, California.
29. USEPA. May, 1990. Final Best Demonstrated Available Technnl^gy (BDAT)
Background /Document Addendum for Acrvlonitrile Wastes (K011. K013. and
K0141 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. .
Washington, D.C.
NRJ-07T
0630-Ol.iuj
8-3
-------
30. USEPA, April 14, 1988. Final Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment
Technology Performance and Operation for Salsbury Laboratories. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solids Waste. Washington, D.C.
NRJ-071
063tW>l.nij
8-4
-------
Appendix A
Analytical Methods for Constituents for Regulation
Under Universal Standards
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.suj
A-l
-------
-------
Appendix A
This appendix identifies analytical methods for the chemical analysis of
constituents selected for regulation in wastewater forms of universal standards wastes.
All methods are from Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste. Phvsical/Chgniipal
Methods (SW-846) (23, 24, 25). The Agency believes these methods are appropriate for
wastewater and nonwastewater forms of wastes.
Table A-l presents the BDAT constituents selected for regulation and the
SW-846 methods that are used to analyze for the constituents. The first method listed
for each constituent is the most common method of analysis. Additional guidance on
which approved method is appropriate for a specific sample is found in each SW-846
method. Table A-2 lists the SW-846 methods and the instruments used for analyses.
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.ni)
A-2
-------
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-------
Table A-2
Analytical Methods
Instrumentation
Method
Number
6010
7040
7041
7060
7061
7080
7081
7090
7091
7130
7131
7190
7191
7210
7420
7421
7470 '
7520
7521
7740
7741
, 7760
7761
7840
7841
t '
Method Instrumentation
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP)
Atomic Absorption, Direct Aspiration (AA) '
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption (GFAA)
GFAA
Gaseous-Hydride Atomic Absorption (GHAA) .
AA ' ' .
GFAA '-..'
AA ' '-._..'
GFAA
AA" .
GFAA , ' .
v *
AA
GFAA
AA
AA .
GFAA
Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption, Wastewaters Only
AA' .- ' ' .' .
GFAA
GFAA
GHAA
AA '
GFAA
AA
GFAA "
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.iiq
A-16
-------
Table A-2
(Continued)
Method
Number
7910
7911
7950
7951
8010
8015
8020
8030
8040
8060
8080
8081
8090
8100
8110
8120
8140
8150 ,
8240
8250
8270
8280
8290
8310
8316
Method InstrumentatioB
AA
GFAA
.AA. '"'' ' ' .
GFAA.
Gas Chromatography/Electrolytic Conductivity Detector (GC/HECD)
Gas Chromatography /Flame lonization Detector (GC/FID)
Gas Chromatography/Photo-ionization Detector (GC/PID)
GC/FID
GC/FID
Gas Chromatography/Electron Capture Detector (GC/ECD) or GC/FID
GC/ECD or HECD
GC/ECD ' ' . '
GC/ECD or FID
GC/FID .
GC/HECD
GC/ECD
GC/ECD
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)
GC/MS
GC/MS
GC/MS
High Resolution Gas Chromatography/tow Resolution Mass Spectrometry
(HRGC/LRMS) . "i
High Resolution Gas Chromatography/High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
(HRGC/HRMS)
High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ultraviolet Spcctroscopy (HPLC/UV)
HPLC/UV- '
NRJ-071
0630-01.nij
A-17
-------
Table A-2
(Continued)
Method
Number
9010
9012
Method Instrumentation ,
Colohmetry
Colorimetry, Automated
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij
A-18
-------
-------
Appendix B
Method Detection Limits Based
on EPA-Approved Analytical Methods
NRj-
-------
-------
This appendk presents the routinely achievable method detection limits for
*-.
BOAT List constituents based on EPA-approved analytical methods. SW-846 methods
(EPA's Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: SW-846. Third Edition (23)) were
used for all method detection limits, unless a SW-846 Third Edition method was not
available for a constituent. The hierarchy of sources used for selecting alternative
methods was the following:
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes (26); and
Reagent and System Blanks from EPA's Wet Air Oxidation
test (13).
NRJ-071
063(WH.mj
B-2
-------
Table B-l
Method Detection Limits for Organic Constituents Selected for
Regulation in Wastewater Forms of Universal Standards Wastes
Constituents
Acenaphlbalenc
Acenaphthene
Acetone
Acetonitrile
i ',
Acetophenbne
2-Acetylaminofluorcne
Acroleia
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Aldrin
4-Aminobiphenyl
A nil ing
Anthracene
Aramite "
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
.Aroclor 1260 .
Benzene .
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Method Detection Umit
0*/M
1
1 _.
10
. .6.5*
NG
' NG
NG
10
NG
0.004
NG
NG
1 -
NG
ND
ND
ND
JX065
ND
ND
ND
05
1
Method
Reference
8270 .
8270
8240
8240
8270
8270
8240
8316
8240
8080
8270
8270
8270
8270
' 8080
8080
8080
8080
8080
8080
8080
8240
8270
NG = Not Given
ND = Not Determined .
'System or reagent blank detection limit
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.iuj
B-3
-------
Table B-l
(Continued)
Constituents .
Benzo(k)fluorantheae
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
Benzo(a)pyrene
alpha-BBC
beta-8HC
delta-BHC
gamma-BHC
Benz(a)anthracene
Bromodichloromethane
Bromoform (Tribromomethane)
Bromomethane
4-Bromophenyi phenyl ether
n-Butanol
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlordane ,
p-Chloroaniline
Chiorobenzene
Chlorobenzilate
Z-Chloro-l^-butadiene
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Chlorodibromomethanc
Method Detection Limit
Cซ/L)
1
1
1
0.003
0.006
0.009
0.004
1
0.5
. NG
1
1
- NG
1
0.07
0.5
0.5
0.014
2
0.5
NG
NG
NG
0.5
Method
Reference
8270
8270
8270
8080 .
8080
8080
8080
8270
8240
8240
,8240
8270
8240
8270
8150
8240
8240
8080
8270
8240
8270
8240
8270
8240
NG = Not Given , '
ND = Not Determined , *
System or reagent blank detection limit
NRJ-071
B-4
-------
Table B-l
(Continued)
Constituents
Chloroethane
bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane
bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Chloroform
\
' bis(2-Chloroisopropyi)ether
Chloromethane- .
2-Chloronaphtfaalene
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chloropropylene
Chrysene
ortho-Cresol
meta/para-Cresol
Cyclohexanone
DDD
DDE
DDT
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
Dibromomethaoe
tris(23-Dibromopropyl) Phosphate
Di-n-butyi pbthalate
m-Dichlorobeazene .
o-Dichlorobenzene
Method Detection Limit
(ซ/D
1
1,
1
0.5
1
1
1
1
NG
1
NG
NG
NG
0.011
0.004
0.012
NG
,1
NG
NG
'NG
i
i
i
Method
Refereoce
8240
8270
8270
8240 . '
8270
8240
8270
8270
: 8240
8270;
8270
' 8270 -
8270
8080
8080
8080
8270
8270
8240
8040
8270
8270
8270
8270
NG = Not Given . '
ND = Not Determined
System of reagent blank detection limit
NRJ-071
063CM)l.arj
B-5
-------
Table B-l
(Continued)
Constituents
p-Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1, 1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-DichloroethyIenc
trans- 1,2-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol ''
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
1,2-Dichloropropane
cis-13-DichIoropropyiene
trans-13-Dichioropropyiene
Dieldrin
Diethyl phthalate
2,4-Dimcthylpnenol
Dimethyl phtbalatc
1,4-Dinitrobenzene '< ' .
4,6-Dinitro-o-crcsol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-DinitTOtoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
1,4-Dioxane . ,
Diphenyiamine
Method DetecttoB Limit
(ซ/L>
1
NG
6.5
05
. 0.5 .
0.5 '
1 .
NG
1.2
0.5
0^
OJ
0.002
1
1
1
NG
5 '
5
1
i
i
lOOOO*
NG
Method
Reference
8270
8240 .
8240
8240 ."
8240
8240
8270
8270
8150
8240
8240
8240
8080
8270
' 8270.
8270
8270
8270
8270
8270
8270
8270
8240*
8270
NG = Not Given
ND = Not Determined
'System or reageat blank detection limit
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij
B-6
-------
Table B-l
(Continued)
Constituents
Diphenylnitrosamine
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Di-n-propylnitrosoamine
Disulfoton '
Endosulf an I
EndosulfanH
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl ether
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethyiene dibromide (1,2-Dibromoethane)
Ethylene oxide
Famphur
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Heptachlor
Heptachlor Epoxide .
Hexachiorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Method Detection Limit
(M8/L)
NG
NG
NG
0.2
0.014
0.004
0.006
. . 0.023
.; NO
0.5
NG.
1
NG
4.8" .
NG
NG
' ' . -'.I''
1
0.003
0.023
1
- ' -' l'
1
2.21 ppt
Method
Reference
8270
8270
8270
8140 .
8080
8080
8080
8080
8240
8240
8240
8270
8240
8240
8240
8140
8270
.8270
8080
8080
8270
8270
8270
8280
NG = Not Given
ND * Not Determined
'System or reagent blank detection limit
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.nij
B-7
-------
Table B-l
(Continued)
Constituents
Hexachlorodibenzofurans
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloropropene
lndeno(l,23-cd)pyrene
lodomethanc
Isobutanot .
Isodrin
Isosafrole
Keponc
Methacryionitrile
Metbanol
Methapyrilenc
Methoxychlor
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl methanesuifonate
Methyl parathion
VMethylcholanthrenc
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
Methyiene chloride
Naphthalene
2-Naphthylamine .
o-Nitroaniline
Method Detection Limit
<ซ/t>-
2^3 ppt
1
NG
1
NG
NG
NG
NG
' NG \
NG
NG
NG
0.176
NG
NG
NG
NG
0.03
NG
NG
0.5
1
NG
NG
Method
. Reference
8280
8270
8270
, - 8270
8240
8240
8080
1 8270 -
8080
.. - 8240
8240
8270
8080
8015
8015
8240 ,
8270
8140
8270
8270
8240
8270
8270 .
8270
NG = Not Given '
ND ป Not Determined '
System or reagent blank detection limit
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.iuj
B-8
-------
Table B-l
(Continued)
Constituents
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylaminc
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosbmethytethylaminc
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
n-Nitrosopyrrolidinc
5-Nitro-o-toIuidine
Parathion
Pentachlorobenzene
Pcntachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins . -
Pentachlorodibenzofurans
Pentachloroethane
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phorate
Phthalic anhydride
Pronamide
Propanenitrile (Ethyl cyanide)
Method Detection Limit
0*/D
5
1
5
NG
NG
NG
NG
: . NG
NG '
NG
NG .
NG
1.27 ppt
1.64 ppt
NG
NG
5
, NG
I
1
0.15
NG
NG
NG
Method
Reference
8270
8270
8270
.8270
8270
8270
.8270
8270
8270
8270
8140
8270
8280
8280
8270
8270
8270
8270
8270
8270
8140
8270
8270
8240
NG = Not Given
ND = Not Determined
System or reagent blank detection limit
NRJ-071
0630-Ol.wj
B-9
-------
Table B-l
(Continued)
Constituents
Pyreae'
Pyridine
Safrole
SUvex (2,4,5-TP)
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzcne
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Tetrachlorodibenzofurans
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethyiene
23,4,6-Tetrachlorophcnol
Toluene
Toxaphene .
1,2,4-TrichIorobenzene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane . .
1,1,2-Trichloroe thane
Trichloroethylene
Trichloromonofluoromcthane
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)
1,23-TrichIoropropane (
1,1,2-TrichIoro- 1,2^-trifluoroethane
Method Detection Limit
(Mg/L)
1
2.4'
NG
0.17
1.5*
0.44 ppt
0.63 ppt
NG
0.5 . .
NG
NG
OJ
0.24
I
0.5
05
03
NG
1
1
0.2 N
NG
NG
Method .
Reference
8270
3240
. 8270
8150
8270
8280 :
8280
8240
8240
8240
8270
8240
. 8080
8270
8240 .
8240
8240
8240
\ 8270
8270
8150
8240
8240
NG = Not Given : ,
ND = Not Detennined *
System or reagent blank detection limit
NRJ-071
0630-01.ni]
B-10
-------
Table B-l
/
(Continued)
; Constituents
Vinyl chloride
Xyleae(s) (total)
Method Detection Limit
Oig/L>
1
0.5
Method
Referaice
8240
8240
NO ซ Not Given
NO = Not Determined .
'System or reagent blank detection limit
Sources:
1. EPA's Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846 (23).
2. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Waste* (26).
3. Reagent and system blanks bom EPA's WAO Treatment Test (13).
B-ll
-------
Table B-2
Method Detection Limits for Metal Constituents Selected for
Regulation in Wastewater Forms of Universal Standards Wastes
Constituents
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
/
Chromium (total)
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Method Detection limit
(pg/L)
.32
1
2
0.3
.' 4 ...
7
1
0.2
15
- 2
7
.1
8
, - - . - 2
Method
Reference
6010
7060
6010
6010
6010
6010
7421'
7470
6010
7740
6010
'7841
6010
6010 t .
Sources: .-.''. .
1. EPA's Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846 (23).
2. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes (26).
3. Reagent and system blanks from EPA's WAO Treatment Test (13).
NRJ-07t
0630-Ol.tuj .
B-12
-------
------- |