Recycling in Federal Offices: Resource Materials


              Unit«d States      Sold Wast* and
              Environmental PrptfCtton Enwgtney Response
              Agency         {OS-30l\
& EPA     Recycling in Federal
              Offices:

              Resource Materials

-------

-------
dr'ri
700
I
                     United States       Soitt Waste and
                     Environmental Protection Emergency Beeponse
                     Agency          (OS-305)
December 1991
                     Recycling In Federal
                     Offices:
                    Resource Materials
                           Kp'V-'^ •••[••" !'"..T.-V
                           r'M •'"   " '   •;

                           W^;i.>,v,.;;N,[.a,,,,,0"

-------
                  . . n"
These resource materials were developed under a cooperative effort between the LLS.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste 401 M Street, S.W.,
Washington, D.C 20460, Project Officer: Terry Grist and; the General Services
Administration, Federal Recycling Program, Office of Real Property Management and
Safety, 8th and F Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20405, Recycling Specialist: Beverly
Goldblatt.

-------
                                     PREFACE
As the amount of waste generated annually in our nation grows, as landfill space
diminishes, and as the public begins to realize the value and limit of its natural
resources, programs are being implemented throughout the nation to both reduce and
recycle to the greatest extent possible the waste we generate. Federal offices generate
large quantities of recyclable paper and non-paper wastes and therefore present  an
excellent opportunity  for source reduction and recycling.  In fact, the Federal government
strongly encourages all government agencies to recycle and mandates that Federal offices
employing over 100 office personnel separate and collect office  paper for recycling.1

To help Federal agencies comply with this  mandate,  EPA has compiled Recycling in
Federal Offices. The information contained in this package has  been prepared to train
Federal agency officials and office recycling program coordinators on how to start and'
operate a comprehensive office recycling program. The training materials will assist
recycling coordinators in undertaking  all aspects  of an office recycling program, including
evaluating an office's  waste stream, developing a contract with a materials dealer, and
educating and motivating all agency employees participating in the program.          i

This package is comprised of five main components:

      *      Section  1.0 An Overview of Recycling in Federal Offices.  This background
             document provides agency officials who will become the program
             coordinators with an understanding of how to design, implement, and
             monitor a comprehensive recycling program.  Each of the points addressed
             in the paper is paralleled by paper slides, also included in this package.

      •      Section  2.0  Training Seminar for Program Coordinators.  This presentation
             is designed to give program coordinators a full understanding of how to  '
             stan and operate an office paper recycling program.  The presentation
             covers a range of topics from performing a market analysis and selecting
             collection containers, to procurement guidelines and establishing a
             recycling contract. The  presentation includes a series of paper slides that
             can be made into transparencies, along with talking points for the presenter
             to use when showing the transparencies.

      •      Section  3.0  Training Seminar for Office Employees. A presentation
             designed for use by recycling  coordinators to educate all agency .personnel
                                                                     *,. *        I
    J40 CFR 246.200-1 and 200-2

-------
             recycling in the office place. This suggested slide show could be shown to
             all agency personnel at the initiation of your agency's recycling program
             and describes the office collection system used, and materials recycled.
             Included in the package is a series of suggested slides with accompanying
             talking points.

      •      Section 4.0 Supplemental Resource Materials for Program Coordinators,
             Reference publications that can educate program coordinators about
             various aspects of office recycling. The reference materials provide
             Federal agency officials with some of the most recent and comprehensive
             guides to Federal office recycling that are available.  Included with the
             references is a copy of EPA's publication Office Paper Recycling: An
             Implementation Manual

      •      Section 5.0 Educational Materials for Employees.  Example reference
             materials that can be used to educate Federal employees about office
             recycling and promote participation in the program.

These materials should assist you in developing and implementing a comprehensive
office recycling program in your Federal office building.

-------
RECYCLING IN FEDERAL OFFICES: RESOURCE MATERIALS

CONTENTS

Section 1.0 OVERVIEW OF RECYCLING IN FEDERAL OFFICES

Section 2.0 TRAINING SEMINAR FOR PROGRAM COORDINATORS

Section 2.1 Paper Copies of Slides and Talking Points

Section 2.2 Paper Copies of Slides for Overhead Transparencies

Section 3.0 TRAINING SEMINAR FOR OFFICE EMPLOYEES

Section 3.1 Example Narrative for Suggested Slide Show Presentation
Section 4.0 SUPPLEMENTAL RESOURCE MATERIALS FOR PROGRAM
A COORDINATORS

Section 4.1 "Office Paper Recycling: An Implementation Manual", U.S. EPA,
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, January 1990
(EPA/530-SW-90-001).

Section 4.2 "Office Recycling Handbook", U.S. EPA, Region V.

Section 4.3 "Developing a Comprehensive Federal Recycling Program: A
Handbook", U.S. EPA, January 1990.

Section 4.4 "The Garbage Problem: An Action Agenda", (brochure), U.S. EPA,
Office of Solid Waste, February 1989 (EPA/530-SW-89-018).

Section 4.5 "General Services Administration Federal Recycling Program Contract
Specifications", GSA, May 16, 1991.

Section 4.6 "Procurement Guidelines for Government Agencies", (brochure), U.S.
EPA, Office of Solid Waste, 1991.

Section 4.7 Sample Letters to Employees and Branch Chiefs Promoting Paper
Recycling.

Section 4.8 Annotated Bibliography of Paper Recycling Materials.

-------
      Section 4.9   "Your Office Paper Recycling Guide", GSA, Region IX.

Section 5.0  EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS FOR EMPLOYEES

      Section 5.1   "Federal Office Recycling Program", (slide show), U.S. EPA, Office
                   of Solid Waste and GSA Federal Supply Service.

      Section 5,2   "Recycling in Federal Agencies", (brochure), U.S. EPA, Office of
                   Solid Waste,  1990.

      Section 5.3   "Invest in the Environment", (brochure), GSA.

      Section 5.4   "Recycle", (brochure), U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste, October 1988
                   (EPA/530-SW-88-050).

-------
Section 1.0
Recycling in Federal Offices:
Overview of Recycling in Federal Offices

-------

-------
                             TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.     Background



      The Benefits of Source Reduction and Recycling



      Source Reduction



      The Recycling Loop



      Paper Recycling as a First Step



      Source Separation





tl.    Program Organization



      Designating a Program Coordinator



      Selecting Program Monitors



      Selecting a Task Force



      Overcoming Resistance





HI.   Waste Stream  Analysis and Building Profile



      Waste Stream  Analysis



                  Paper Grades



                  Types of Metal



                  Types of Glass



                  Types of Plastic



      Building Profile



      Recovery Rates
1



1




2



4




7



8






10



10



11




12



12






13




13




15




20



21



21




22



22
IV.   Market Analysis
24

-------
V.     Contracts                                                    25



       General Service Administration Contracts                        26



       Independent Contracts                                         28





VI.    Collection Systems                                            31



       Paper                                                       31



       Other Materials                                              33





VII.   Education of Employees                                       34





Vm.   Program Monitoring and Evaluation                             35





IX.    Maintenance                                                 37





X.     Additional Information                                        37





Appendices:



A.     GSA's Recycled Products Guide



B.     Recycling Symbols for Various Materials



C.     Building Profile Checklist



D.     Additional Source of Information

-------
OVERVIEW OF RECYCLING IN FEDERAL OFFICES
This document is part of a larger EPA training package entitled Recycling in
Federal Offices: Resource Materials, designed to help Federal agencies comply with a
mandate to promote office recycling throughout the Federal government.

This particular component provides background information on office recycling
program design, implementation, and maintenance. It is intended to be used by the
individuals who will be responsible for overseeing the program implementation - the
prospective Program Coordinators and Program Monitors. The document can also be
used to further educate program participants who wish to learn more about office
recycling programs.

The program design detailed here is not the only possible way to establish an
office recycling program, therefore it does not have to be strictly followed. Design your
program so that it operates with maximum efficiency given the conditions that exist in
your agency.
I.
BACKGROUND
THE BENEFITS OF SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING

In 1988, the Nation generated about 180 million tons of municipal solid waste, 0r
garbage.1 The Federal government, of which your agency is a part, contributed a large
amount of office waste to this sum. In fact, the Federal government generated
approximately 13 pounds of trash per employee, per day.2 By far, the largest
component of office waste is paper. In fact, of the waste generated by Federal
employees, between 50 and 85 percent is paper. Office waste streams also contain lesser
amounts of metal, plastic, and glass, most commonly in the form of food or beverage
containers. All of these discarded materials represent potentially valuable resources that
can be recovered and recycled.

Materials commonly considered waste, such as used beverage bottles, aluminum
cans, and office paper, can be recycled into new products. Many of you are familiar with
the recycling concept and may already participate in residential recycling programs
operated by the state, county, or city in which you live, or you may participate in
^.S. EPA,
1990, p. 10.
T***0" of Municipal Solid Waste in the U.S.: 1990 Update. June
2Earthworm Consultants, 1990. Study conducted for EPA Region I.

-------
 recycling activities sponsored by local organizations. These activities can easily be
 transferred to the workplace, including your agency. Recycling is becoming popular
 across the  nation as people learn of the benefits gained by recovering resources from
 "waste."  In many locations, local governments are reinforcing this environmental
 groundswell by enacting laws that mandate recycling for materials such as newspapers,
 glass bottles, and aluminum cans.

       Every piece of waste that you put in a trash can goes somewhere: it does not
 disappear.  The most common methods of waste management have been landfilling and
 incineration. These waste management options appeared satisfactory in the past because
 sites for disposal and combustion facilities were readily available and the public was
 generally supportive of facility sitings or remained neutral Presently, however, landfills
 are reaching their capacity or closing down because of new, tougher design and operating
 standards,  and new landfills and incinerators are becoming'increasingly difficult to site
 because  of public concern regarding potential emissions and public health hazards.  The
 EPA estimates that by 1995, approximately 50 percent of the current space in all landfills
 will  be exhausted.3  In some parts of the country, a shortfall in municipal solid waste
 disposal  capacity has reached crisis proportions. For those areas, a different approach to
 waste management is a necessity.

      The nation has two preferred options for dealing with this  crisis: produce less
 waste (known as source reduction) and recycle  materials into new products.  Realizing
 this, EPA established an integrated waste management hierarchy that promotes source
 reduction as the most preferred waste management option and recycling as the option of
 second choice. In general, source reduction and recycling are environmentally preferable
 to incineration and landfilling,4 although there will continue to be a need for safe
 disposal  capacity for those wastes that may not be amenable to source reduction or
 recycling.
SOURCE REDUCTION

       Source reduction means reducing or eliminating waste at the point of generation
(when something is created or first used), rather than after it has been manufactured or
used. By addressing the problem early on, you can avoid or reduce the amount of waste
you must deal with later. Source reduction can be accomplished by a number of
methods, such as reusing items to the maximum extent possible, using fewer materials
when producing a product or package, reducing the amount of materials needed for a
    3U.S. EPA, based on a 1986 survey of landfill operators.

    4U.S. EPA, Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in the U.S.: 1990 Update. June
1990, p. 4.

-------
task by redesigning the task to be more efficient, and substituting materials that are less
toxic for harmful materials. Although the source reduction concept has been
traditionally applied to industrial settings, this pollution preventing technique can also be
an effective tool for reducing office waste. Source reduction methods you can use at
your agency include: :

General Methods:

• Reduce waste by not generating it in the first place.

• Reuse items as often as you can before you dispose of them.

• Eliminate the use of unnecessary items. I

• Economize in your use of materials.

• Substitute less harmful or toxic materials for hazardous materials.

* Procure items that have long lifetimes and produce less or no waste.

Specific Practices:

* Use the two-sided copying feature on your photocopying machines as
standard practice.

• Where possible, perform document modifications on-screen, rather than on
printed drafts.

• Maximize use of electronic media (e.g., voice mail and bulletin boards)
instead of writing memos on paper.

• Reuse items such as transmittal envelopes, three-ring notebooks, binder
clips, and hanging files.

• Buy printers and copiers that have double-sided capabilities.

• Buy facsimile machines that use white ledger instead of thermal paper.

• Maximize use of renewable writing media (e.g, wipe boards).

• Reuse non-recyclable packing materials, or switch to recyclable packing
materials.

• Purchase in bulk whenever possible to reduce packaging.

-------
• Use reusable coffee mugs.

• Reuse laser printer toner cartridges by exchanging or selling them to the
dealer to be refilled.

• Use old drafts as scratch paper/note pads.

Integrating Source Reduction Into Your Office

In an office setting, source reduction is best applied as a revaluation of how we
conduct business. The source reduction ethic is instilled by educating staff about what
the concept means and how it can reduce the amount of waste we generate in the office.
The goal of such education is to make your fellow employees consider each of their daily
actions as a potential waste generating practice, and to help them modify their work
approach so that they reduce the amount of waste they generate. All employees should
incorporate source reduction into their normal work habits. Some source reduction
practices - especially those involving procurement and product quality issues - require
the participation of management and procurement officials.

Whenever possible, waste management problems should first be addressed
through source reduction. In those instances where you can't source reduce, however,
recycling is the next best alternative. In most cases, source reduction and recycling
efforts exist side by side in the office, complementing one another.

THE RECYCLING LOOP

The recycling process can be thought of as a continuous loop of related activities,
each having equal importance and stimulating the growth of the other elements. The
recycling loop is comprised of the following elements: the supply of raw materials, the
demand for products with recycled content, and manufacturing of the raw materials into
recycled products. A simplified description of the recycling loop follows:

1. An office recycling program collects materials for recycling.

2. A manufacturing company purchases the recyclables collected in the office
recycling programs, and uses them to produce new products.

3. An agency's procurement office purchases the products made with recycled
content

4. Eventually, those products are used by agency employees and are collected
in the office recycling program. This process begins again...

-------
The collection element of the loop (the office recycling program) cannot exist
without someone to buy the collected materials (the manufacturer of the products with
recycled content). Similarly, the manufacturer won't create products with recycled
content unless there is sufficient demand for those products in the marketplace (the
agency's procurement of goods with recycled content). These three elements-demand
(procurement), supply (collection), and manufacture (materials broker)-cannot function
without each other. In other words, the recycling loop is interdependent upon all of the
elements within the loop. '

This training package focuses on the collection element of the loop. Although the
manufacturing of recycled products is an equally important element, collecting and
procurement are the elements that concern office recycling programs the most.

Procurement - An Important Aspect Of Source Reduction And Recycling

Procurement is an important aspect of source reduction and recycling because the
ability to reduce, reuse, and recycle is dependent upon the materials with which we are
working. The way in which we obtain products (our purchasing practices) and the design
of the products themselves contribute to the nature and quantity of waste generated in
the office. The following "smart shopping" techniques should help you practice source
reduction when procuring items for your office:

Source Reduction Approaches:

• Procure items that are durable and produce little or no waste. Avoid
disposable products with short life spans - durable, well-built products may
be more expensive in the short term, but often cost less over the long term.

• Use the "Just-In-Time" buying practice when you have to procure products ttyat
have a short life span. Buy only when it is necessary to avoid stockpiling
(and later disposing) unused, outdated, or spoiled items.

• Avoid procuring items that are needlessly overpackaged. When possible, buy
in bulk to avoid extra packaging.

• Procure products with less toxic contents. The fewer products we buy that
contain toxic constituents, the fewer harmful chemicals will be
manufactured and potentially released to the environment

Not only is procuring items that contribute to source reduction important, procuring
materials with recovered material content is equally important Recycling entails
separation, collection, processing, marketing and use of the material as a raw material
for new products, and does not simply mean the collection of materials. Federal
agencies should contribute to the complete recycling process by purchasing products that

-------
contain recycled materials. RCRA Section 6002 requires Federal agencies, in many
case:. •:.> procure items composed of the highest percentage of recovered materials
prac Die. To date, EPA has promulgated five guidelines for the procurement of
pro... . ^ containing recovered materials.5 These guidelines are provided to assist
Federal agencies in determining what percentage of recovered materials is practicable in
specific products and assist procurement officials in identifying and evaluating products
containing recycled materials. Final guidelines have been published
for paper and paper products, lubricating oils, retread tires, building insulation products,
and cement and concrete containing fly ash.

Federal agency procurement of items containing recovered materials can be
especially influential upon the markets for products containing recycled materials
because of the Federal government's significant and extensive purchases of goods (7-8
percent of the GNP). Your agency can help stimulate the market for secondary
materials by becoming familiar with the procurement guidelines and assuring that the
guidelines are being actively implemented within your agency, including grant recipients
and contractors, required under RCRA.

The following techniques are the general "smart shopping" techniques for
incorporating recycling into your approach to procurement:

Recycling Approaches:

• Procure items made from recycled materials. Follow EPA's procurement
guidelines to determine the specific type of product you should obtain. To
assist you in selecting specific products with recycled content, GSA has
developed a recycled products catalog.6

• Procure items that are themselves easily recycled. Give preference to items
that can be incorporated into your agency's recycling program.

Your agency's procurement practices can contribute positively to the manufacture and
use of recycled products, and the avoidance of waste generation-and less waste means
less cost
5A booklet describing these guidelines is included in Section 4 of the Supplemental
Resource Materials for Program Coordinators. (Tr s section is included in the Recycling in
Federal Offices Resource Materials.)

6See Appendix A.

-------
PAPER RECYCLING AS A FIRST STEP

       Because paper comprises a large percentage of office waste, immediate progress
toward dealing with the nation's waste crisis can be made by implementing paper
recycling programs. Where feasible, other materials such as metal, glass, and plastic
should be incorporated into office recycling programs. We must all participate in a
comprehensive office recycling program - a program that makes economic and
environmental sense.

       The reasons to participate in recycling programs include the following:

Economics

       •      You are reducing the amount of office waste that must be hauled, and
             reducing the hauling and tipping fees incurred by your agency for trash
             disposal.  Waste hauling fees are on the rise, costing the government more
             and more to dispose of its waste.

       •      In some instances, you are generating revenues from the sale of
             recyclables.  Since money generated from Federal office recycling is
             returned to the Treasury in  most instances, there may not be a direct
             financial incentive for agencies to proceed with recycling programs  (other
             than the important aspect of decreasing disposal costs). It is worth noting,
             however, that several bills presently before Congress would authorize
             Federal agencies operating programs to retain proceeds from the recycling
             of office paper and other  materials.
Environmental Protection
             You are diverting what may otherwise be disposed as waste in landfills an|d
             thereby saving limited disposal capacity.

             You are conserving natural resources by substituting recycled for virgin
             materials in the manufacture of products.

             You can potentially conserve natural resources by using less fuel, water,
             and other resources in the manufacturing of recycled products rather than
             virgin products.

             You can help reduce emissions from combustors and landfills.

-------
Social Benefit
You are demonstrating your leadership and commitment by caring for the
environmental quality of your community.

You are enhancing the quality of life in your community.

You are contributing to state, municipal, or community source reduction
and recycling goals.

You are protecting the quality of life for future generations.
SOURCE SEPARATION

Source separation involves sorting recoverable materials by type and/or grades.
The primary purpose of source separation is to ensure the quality and homogeneity of
the materials prior to their collection and subsequent use. Because of the large number
of paper grades used in the office environment, education for employees on the source
separation of paper is especially important In general, other recyclable materials
require less complicated separation methods than recyclable paper.

One point to remember is that the need for source separation of paper grades
(and other material types as well) is driven by the recycled paper market If there is a
demand for unsorted (also called "commingled'') paper in your area, you may not need to
source separate your recyclable paper. Conversely, if your local materials dealers only
accept certain grades of paper, you will have to source separate. When designing your
office recycling program, take into consideration the demand for the recyclables you will
be collecting, and determine the extent to which your program will source separate.

PAPER

It is important to know that different grades of paper lend themselves to making
different types of new products. Paper grades range from high grade (e.g., computer
printouts, white ledger), to low grade (e.g., colored writing tablets), to specialty grades
(e.g., newspaper, corrugated material). Higher grade paper is generally worth more than
lower grade to the mills that recycle paper. However, the grades most marketable in
your area will depend on local markets. It is important to work with your paper dealer
to determine what grades can be collected and sold in your area.

The recyclable paper generated in offices is generally a mixture of several types of
paper products. Different locations within an office may generate different types of
recyclable paper, including the following:
8

-------
• White and colored bond paper

• Computer paper

• Business forms

* Stationery

* Data tabulating cards

• Newspapers

• Corrugated containers (commonly known as cardboard boxes)

If paper is to be recycled by grade or type of paper, these paper types must be sorted
(i.e., separated by grade) to ensure a homogeneous, high-quality supply for the paper
mills.
Another important consideration is the "cleanliness" of your recyclable paper.
Foreign objects, such as food waste, contaminate the recycling process and create
processing difficulties at the mills, resulting in lower prices paid for or the rejection of
the paper. It is essential that these contaminants be kept out of the recycling containers.
Check with your paper dealer to determine what items should be considered
contaminants in your program.
OTHER RECYCLABLE MATERIALS

Because paper comprises the largest component of most Federal office waste, it is
the natural first component of an office recycling program. Depending on the waste
generating characteristics of your agency, however, you may wish to consider including
other materials in your recycling program. Metals, glass, and plastic merit equal
consideration for inclusion in office recycling programs, if they are present in your office
waste stream in sufficient quantities to warrant separate collection (see "Waste Stream
Analysis and Building Profile"). Collecting recyclable paper is a start - when feasible, i
expand your recycling program to include these other "traditional" recyclables, as well a|s
any non-traditional items that lend themselves to recycling in your area.

-------
II.    PROGRAM ORGANIZATION

DESIGNATING A PROGRAM COORDINATOR

       An office recycling program of any type needs a basic level of organization if it is
to be successful. It needs a central manager - a program coordinator - who is
responsible for overall program operations, and it needs individuals at the staff level -
recycling monitors - who are responsible (usually on a pan time basis) for overseeing
the daily operations of the recycling program.

       A program coordinator must be enthusiastic, have excellent communication and
organizational skills, be willing to learn, and have a general understanding of building
operations. It is also important that the program coordinator have a good rapport with
the employees, as well as other tenants in the building, because this individual will be
responsible for encouraging and educating the employees about the operation of their
recycling program.

       Enthusiasm for any office recycling program is often infectious when the right
person takes the lead. The program coordinator is critical because his or her knowledge,
personality, and support for the recycling concept will inspire others to become active
participants. The recycling coordinator is responsible for making all employees realize
that each individual's participation makes a difference.

      The responsibilities of the program coordinator may include:

      •     Initiating the program

      •     Performing  a market analysis and waste stream analysis

      •     Training program monitors

      •     Developing  and implementing the collection and storage system

      •     Evaluating the program on a monthly basis

      •     Developing  program reports

      •     Implementing employee education programs

      •     Encouraging employee participation.
                                        10

-------
Depending on the needs of a particular recycling program, the recycling coordinator may
have additional responsibilities that involve:

      •      Organizing a recycling program task force

      •      Establishing a contract or accessing an existing contract

      The administrative requirements during the startup period of approximately thre|e
or four months are often substantial.  The program coordinator must be committed to j
the success of the recycling program and willing to provide the time and energy
necessary to make the program work.  While the demands on the program coordinator
ease considerably after the startup period, he or she must remain committed to the
effort
SELECTING PROGRAM MONITORS
      Each operational area, such as a floor, a division, or a branch, etc., should have
its own monitor to ensure the smooth operation of the recycling program.  Since the
recycling program is an additional duty, it is important to note that each monitor shoul^l
be responsible for no more than 100 employees; greater numbers make the job        '
significantly more time consuming and difficult  This person is responsible for the daily
operation of an area recycling program and acts as a liaison to the program coordinator.
The time required each week for monitoring activities is usually very small, although
during the initial period and during changes in the program's  scope or procedures, morje
time may be required.

      To fill this position successfully, each program monitor must have skills similar to
those of the coordinator, including good communication and organization skills, and
enthusiasm. Because they will be working with the employees in their operational arej,
program monitors must have an excellent relationship with these individuals.

      The responsibilities of the program monitor include:

      •      Encouraging employee participation                                  ;
                                                                                i
                                                                                !
      •      Answering questions and educating employees about the recycling procesjs
             in general and the success of their own operation                      !
         general and the success of their own operation

•     Ensuring that recycling containers are being used properly (e.g., that
      employees are properly sorting materials by type, and ensuring that
      contaminants are not commingled with the recyclable materials)
                                        11
                                                                                i

-------
             Notifying the coordinator about any difficulties, such as aesthetic problems,
             or conflicts with other tenants.
SELECTING A TASK FORCE (optional component)

       In a multi-tenant building, the recycling program coordinator may need to
organize a task force to coordinate the recycling efforts of the various agencies.  If your
agency shares your building with another agency or a non-government organization, then
you will need to include representatives of the other organizations on the task force.

       If there is a need, the program coordinator may wish to assemble a group of
individuals who are knowledgeable in the various areas and operations of a building and
who have the requisite expertise for a successful recycling program. The role of the task
force is to provide the initial guidance and organization to establish the goals, design,
and operation of the recycling program. After the startup period, the task force will be
active only when problems arise (e.g., resolving conflicts with other tenants or
renegotiating waste materials collection contracts) or when program changes are
anticipated, such as adding a new recyclable commodity to the program.

       The composition of the task force will vary among agencies,  but the types of
people that should be included are representatives from:

       •      Facility operations (e.g., the building supervisor or head custodian)

       •      Employees (someone to represent the interests of the average worker)

       •      Management (someone to express management's support for the recycling
             effort and voice their perspective)

      •      Contracts representatives (someone who can give advice/direction on the
             contractual and financial requirements of the program)

      •      Recycling monitors.
OVERCOMING RESISTANCE

      The major challenge in establishing a recycling program is to change people's
attitudes about waste management.  By motivating people to recycle you are helping to
instill an environmental ethic in others that will carry over into their everyday lives.
Misconceptions about recycling abound, and it is the job of the program coordinator and
                                         12

-------
the program monitors to correct those misunderstandings. Examples of the
misconceptions include:

• There are no benefits to recycling office wastes - I get nothing out of it

• Participating in an office recycling program consumes a lot of time/space
What a pain!

• No one else recycles - why should I?

• Office paper recycling programs do not adequately protect confidential
information.
These sentiments most often result from a lack of knowledge about recycling. For
many people, recycling is a new concept or requires a change in behavior. To overcon e
resistance, the program coordinator and the program monitors must educate their
coworkers by emphasizing the positive aspects of recycling. In particular, they should
stress facts such as:

• Recycling has economic, environmental, and social benefits.

• Recycling at the office is an extension of recycling at home.

• Recycling does not place an enormous burden on the employee - in fact
once accepted, recycling becomes second nature.

• Office recycling programs are spreading throughout the country, in both he
public and private sectors.

• Office paper recycling programs can be designed so that they do not
jeopardize confidential information (measures can be taken to ensure th^t
such information is protected; offices of Federal agencies, such as the
Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Internal Revenue Service, operate
successful office paper recycling programs).
HI. WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS AND BUILDING PROFILE
WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS

A waste stream analysis is an evaluation to identify the quantity and composition
of materials contained in an office's refuse. The analysis provides basic information
necessary for the program coordinator (and others, depending upon the office's
13

-------
 characteristics) to plan, design, and operate an effective program. This analysis will help
 determine:

       •     The types of materials to be included in your office recycling program (e.g.,
             white paper only, white paper and mixed paper, or paper and non-paper
             recyclables)

       •     Which sections of the office should participate  (those that generate
             sufficient quantities of recoverable materials and quality materials should
             participate).

       A waste stream analysis can be elaborate (such as a formal waste assessment
 using scientific methods)7 or simple (such as examining waste receptacles at several
 locations to determine the approximate composition and quantity of waste and then
 extrapolating those conditions for other similar locations).  The type of waste stream
 analysis suitable for your agency depends upon the conditions of your particular office
 and your need for precise information. Although we focus on paper as the example in
 this section, a waste stream analysis will identify the quantities of glass, metal, and plastic
 as well.  To avoid the time and expense of future analyses, you may want to consider a
 complete waste stream analysis at the outset so that expansion of your program to
 include other recyclables can be done easily.

       The basic questions that should be answered hi a waste  stream analysis are:

       •      What is the total volume of waste generated by each
             division/floor/operating unit over a given period of time?

       •      What is the quantity of each recyclable in the waste stream?

       •      What types/grades of material comprise this waste stream?

       •      How much of each type/grade of material is in your office waste?

       In conducting a waste stream analysis of recyclable materials generated in your
office building,  it is essential that you be familiar with and able to distinguish between
the different types and grades of materials that comprise your waste.  Below is a detailed
description of the potentially recyclable paper grades and other material types you may
encounter in the analysis of your building's waste stream.
    7EPA has developed a rigorous waste assessment methodology.  This is described in the
Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment Manual (EPA/625/7-88/003).
                                        14

-------
PAPER GRADES                                                               !
                                                                                j

      Recyclable paper generated in office buildings can be categorized into a variety of
grades depending on the quality of paper used in the paper product and the
contaminants (e.g., plastic windows) that may be associated with the paper product.  lie
quality of the paper collected is important for the end use of the material as well as to I
maintain a stable contract with a recycler.  The grades of recyclable paper generated in
an office environment are listed below. This delineation by grade can be used to assist
you in conducting your waste stream analysis, which in turn will help shape the design < >f
your office paper recycling program.  However, check with your local recycler for their
classification of paper types. There is a limited market for commingled paper, howeve
it is generally of lower value. If you wish to include  this mix, you will need to check with
your materials broker to see if commingled paper are acceptable.

      •      High grades

                   Computer printouts
                   White ledger (with any color printing)
                   White envelopes with water-soluble glue (without plastic windows)

      •      Low grades

                   Colored paper
                   Colored note pads
                   Colored envelopes (without plastic windows)
                   Books with insoluble glue bindings

      •      Newspaper

      •      Corrugated containers

      •      Specialty grades

                   Manila/Colored tabulator cards
                   File stock
                   Shredded paper
     i
High Grades

      These grades consist primarily of computer printouts and white ledger. High-
grade paper is typically recycled into  tissue, printing  and writing papers, containerboani,
and boxboard. This type of paper can be recycled in the U.S., but is also exported to
other countries to be recycled into new products.
                                        15

-------
Computer Printouts

Computer printouts (CPOs), white papers manufactured for use in data processing
machines, may account for up to 45 percent of the office waste stream (depending upon
computer usage). This grade may contain colored stripes and may consist of impact (i.e.,
mechanically typed) or non-impact (i.e., laser) computer printouts. Mixing computer
printouts with any lower grade will reduce the value of the computer printouts to the
value of the lowest grade of paper in the mix

Impact computer printouts, if sold separately, have a higher market value than
CPOs that are laser-printed. Distinguishing between the two types of printing, however,
is difficult to the untrained eye. In many instances, it is more beneficial to overall
program performance if laser and impact-printed computer papers are collected with no
distinction made between them. Please note CPOs are also available in groundwood (a
newspaper-like CPO); it may be necessary to identify and segregate groundwood from
white CPOs.

White Ledger

This paper grade, accounting for approximately 33 percent of the typical office
waste stream, consists of commonly used white office paper, such as printed or imprinted
bond, photocopies, typing paper, letterhead, writing papers, white tablet sheets, white
scratch paper, outdated office worksheets, memos, and reports. Although computer
printouts can be added to this mix, their inclusion generally does not increase the market
value of white ledger.

White Envelopes

White envelopes are suitable for high grade recycling only if they do not contain
contaminants, such as plastic windows. Some paper mills can accept a higher level of
contaminants than others. Check with your paper dealer to determine what levels of
contaminants are considered acceptable.

Low Grades

Low grades usually comprise only 5 percent of the typical office waste stream.
These types of paper are usually recycled into boxboard and wallboard facings,
construction board, tissue, and packaging products. They are also an exported
commodity.
16

-------
Typical types of paper comprising this category include:

• Colored paper (printed or imprinted bond, photocopies, letterhead, writing
papers, scratch paper, yellow legal pads and yellow telephone message
paper)

• Colored envelopes that do not contain plastic windows.

Mixing low-grade paper in with high-grade white paper will slightly increase the
volume of recovery but will lower the quality of the high-grade paper. Separate
collection will increase equipment, labor, and storage requirements, but it may be
feasible depending on the current market for recyclable paper grades in your area.

Newspaper

While usually not a major component of the office waste stream, newspaper is an
excellent candidate for a recycling program because it is easily identifiable (and therefore
easy to separate). To promote the recycling of newsprint, many municipalities require
that office and residential buildings separate newspaper from other wastes. Because of
the success of these recycling programs across the nation, used newsprint is currently in
abundant supply, which in turn reduces the price paid for this paper. The newspaper
collected in these recycling programs is used to make new newspaper, recycled boxboard,
tissue, packaging paper, and construction board. Newspaper is also exported overseas for
other countries to use in manufacturing new paper products.

Whether your office recycles newspapers or not, it is important to keep
newspapers separate from other types of paper you intend to recycle. Mixing newspaper
with higher grades of paper lowers the overall quality of the recyclable paper stock.

Corrugated Containers

This grade is recycled into containerboard, recycled boxboard, tissue, constructic n
board, and packaging paper. It is also exported to be recycled.

Most office buildings generate appreciable amounts of corrugated waste, primarily
in the form of packaging for stationery supplies, xerographic paper, office equipment,
and food services. The weight of corrugated material in the waste stream is less
important than the space (or volume) corrugated boxes take when they are disposed of
in either bulk or compacted form. The compaction ratio of corrugated boxes is poor,
and case studies have determined that, in many office complexes, boxes are thrown away
unflattened. Disposal methods should be examined to determine if compactors and/or
containers are being underutilized because of the presence of corrugated bulk. A more
effective method may be to have the boxes flattened and tied and left for pickup by the
17

-------
same paper dealer who purchases the other grades of paper. Paper dealers generally
have profitable markets for sufficient quantities of processed and baled corrugated bulk.

Specialty Grades

Paper dealers produce and trade specialty grades in carload and truckload
quantities throughout the United States. Many paper mills around the world have
special equipment and can use large quantities of these grades. The decision to separate
these materials from the building's waste stream, however, should be based on local
markets and their waste reduction value versus the additional in-house handling,
equipment costs, and storage they will require. Local recycling laws may also influence
which materials should be separated for recycling. The specifications for each grade
should be determined between agency and recycler.

Manila/Colored Tabulating Cards

This category consists of printed colored or manila cards, predominately sulfite or
sulfate, which have been manufactured for use in tabulating machines. Although still
valued as high-grade paper, the limited use of these cards throughout the business sector
has reduced this category to a specialty grade.

File Stock

This grade is white and colored office file paper containing various amounts of
staples, paper clips, rubberbands, and only trace amounts of carbon paper, glued forms,
tape, and pressure sensitive adhesives. Almost all offices periodically purge their files.
The incidental or periodic removal of these materials can usually be included as a
"special service" to an ongoing office paper recycling program.

Shredded Paper

Some amount of shredded office paper will be found at almost every facility. It is
usually part of the security operation and contains a variety of types and grades of paper.
Shredded paper is categorized as low grade paper since the shredding process breaks
down the fiber content Because of its poor weight-to-volume ratio, shredded paper
displaces valuable storage space. Two alternatives to in-house shredding are available
however: 1) securing an Affidavit of Destruction, which guarantees that the recovered
paper will be kept secure until it is reduced to pulp, and 2) contracting with a company
that offers off-site document destruction services.

Contaminants

The value to the end user of the paper collected in an office paper recycling
program is directly related to the quality of the material and whether or not the material
18

-------
meets the dealer's specifications of the purchaser. The value of any grade of recyclable!
paper can be reduced significantly if it is contaminated with materials that do not meet
the dealer's specifications for that particular grade of paper.  Contaminants mixed with
recyclable paper not only reduce its value, but may also be the cause for rejection by the
dealer or mill.  The following materials are usually contaminants8 for office paper
recycling programs (although program coordinators need to confirm this list in each case
with their paper dealer):

      •      Newspapers and magazines

      •      Telephone books

      •      Carbon paper

      •      Gummed labels, adhesives

      •      Slick, waxed, and  plasticized papers

      •      Cardboard

      •      Ditto or memo stencils
             Photographic and blueprint paper

             Envelopes with plastic windows/self-stick closings

             Thermofax copy paper

             Chemically treated paper

             Thermal facsimile (fax) paper

             Cellophane tape

             Self-adhesive labels and note pads.
    8Some of the items that appear on this list, such as newspaper and cardboard, may be
suitable for separate recycling programs. They are included here because they are common
contaminants of higher grade paper in office recycling programs.
                                         19

-------
TYPES OF METAL

The most commonly found metal in office waste streams is aluminum in the form
of beverage containers. Other metal containers such as steel cans (including tin-coated,
tin-free, and bimetal cans) may be encountered, but these are usually in quantities so
small that they are not routinely included in office recycling programs. However, these
are recyclable and may be a candidate for inclusion in your office recycling program.
Aluminum is a ubiquitous material that has been extensively recycled for over two
decades: the aluminum industry recycled over half of the aluminum cans produced in
the 1980*5, which translates into nearly 12 billion pounds of aluminum that were diverted
from the solid waste stream.9 Aluminum is a valuable recyclable resource because
making aluminum products from recycled materials saves approximately 95 percent of
the energy required to make new aluminum from ore.10

Beverage cans should be separated by type of metal (aluminum and steel). Make
sure all aluminum cans collected are 100 percent aluminum (most cans have this written
on them, others have the Aluminum Association recycling symbol printed on them).11
When uncertain about this, test the beverage can with a magnet - aluminum is not
magnetic like steel. Be sure to test the magnet against the sides, not the top, since most
steel beverage cans use steel for the sides and aluminum for the ends. These types of
cans are often accepted by steel recyclers. Check with your local steel and/or bimetal
recyciers.
TYPES OF GLASS

Glass is another recyclable material commonly found in office waste. Like
aluminum and steel, this material is usually encountered in the form of beverage
containers. Glass containers are 100 percent recyclable, and crushed glass (cullet) has
traditionally been used as an ingredient in glass manufacturing. Glass can be part of a
comprehensive office recycling program if sufficient quantities are generated.

There are generally three colors or types of beverage container glass: clear, green,
and amber. Glass will usually need to be separated by color prior to removal by the
recycler. Some recycling plants, however, accept glass that contains mixes of these colors
- check with your materials dealer to see what mix (if any) is acceptable.
9The Aluminum Association, 1990.

10Ibid.

uSee Appendix B for illustrations of recycling symbols for aluminum and other
materials.

-------
Many materials dealers require that glass containers be empty and clean, and
some may have restrictions as to the amount of metal and plastic (caps and neck rings)
that is permitted. Some dealers do accept broken glass. Due to the chemical
composition of some types of glass such as fluorescent and incandescent light bulbs,
window glass, or leaded glass (e.g. crystal or television tubes), these are not acceptable in
most glass collection programs. Ceramics are also not acceptable.
TYPES OF PLASTIC

Although still in its infancy, plastics recycling is quickly becoming a widespread
practice across the nation as supplies and markets expand. Currently only about 1
percent of all plastic containers and packaging are being recycled,12 but some specific
types of plastic are being recycled at rates as high as 20 percent.13 Office waste usually
contains minimal amounts of plastic, most likely in the form of beverage containers.

There are seven categories of plastic used to produce containers and packaging,
each for a different type of resin that has its own unique chemical composition and
characteristics. The Society of Plastics, Inc. developed a coding system to distinguish |
between these different resin types.14 This coding system consists of a triangle formed'
of continuous arrows with the number identifying the resin type in the middle. This
voluntary system has already been adopted by many plastics manufacturers, and the
symbols are now found on many products (usually on the bottom of containers). The
coding system is as follows:
Number Chemical Name

1 Polyethylene Terephthalate

2 High-Density Polyethylene

3 Polyvinyl Chloride

4 Low-Density Polyethylene

5 Polypropylene

6 Polystyrene

7 Other
Abbreviation
PETE or PET

HDPE

LDPE

OTHER
12The Council on Plastics and Packaging in the Environment, 1989.

>3The Council for Solid Waste Solutions, 1989.

14Sce Appendix B.

-------
Although all of these forms of plastic can be recycled, the type most prevalent in office
waste is PETE. PETE has a clear, glossy surface that is difficult to scratch. Most soft
drink bottles are made from this plastic, which can appear clear or colored. When
collecting this type of plastic for recycling, it is important that the other plastic types do
not get commingled in the collection. Some plastics recyclers do accept mixed plastic,
but others do not (check with your materials dealer). Also, as in the case of recyclable
glass, most dealers require that all plastic containers are rinsed and drained.
BUILDING PROFILE

In addition to conducting a waste stream analysis, you should develop a building
profile as part of the preliminary stage for establishing your recycling program. The
purpose of a profile is to identity what (if any) special requirements may be necessitated
by the particular design or operation of your building. Examples of special
considerations include:

• If the building lacks a loading dock, recyclables may have to be stored
elsewhere until the pickup time.

• If the recyclables' storage area lacks a fire sprinkler, special storage
containers may be required.

• If the building is leased, is the lessor willing to participate in the recycling
program? (If the building is leased, make sure that the proposed storage
area is leased by your agency.)

Such factors may impede the success of an office recycling program unless they are
identified early in the program development phase. To assist you in developing a
building profile, please refer to the checklist in Appendix C.
RECOVERY RATES

After you have determined the composition and quantity of your office waste
stream, you need to estimate the amount of material that can be potentially recovered.
Again, recyclable paper is used here as an example; the same type of analysis can be
used for other materials as well.

Estimated Paper Recovery

The amount of paper generated per employee varies both within and between
different types of office buildings. Major factors affecting generation rates include the
22

-------
type of organization and the presence of in-house paper generating activities such as data
processing, printing, copying, and other paper uses.

PaperjGeneration Rate for a Typical Federal Office

       Each employee in a typical office environment generates approximately one-half
pound of recyclable paper per day.13  This generation includes high grade computer
printouts (impact and laser) and white ledger, as well as lower grade paper.

Projecting Annual Recovery Rates
       The following steps can be used to calculate annual recovery rates for office
paper:
       (1)    Multiply the applicable generation rate (in pounds) by the number of
             employees.

       (2)    Reduce this by an allowance of approximately 10 percent for non-
             participating areas, such as art departments (due to the presence of glue,
             paint, tape, and other non-paper contaminants), mailrooms (due to the
             presence of self-stick labels, plastic window envelopes), and departments
             that generate carbon and carbonless forms.

       (3)    Multiply the resulting figure by the number of work days per year
             (approximately 260) and then divide by 2,000 to convert your total pounds
             to tons.
      The result is an estimate of the tonnage of recyclable paper an office recycling
program can expect to recover each year.

Example for a general office:

      (1)    1,000 employees x 0.5 pound of paper per day - 500 Ibs paper per day

      (2)    500 IDS paper per day less 10 percent - 450 Ibs paper per day

      (3)    450 Ibs paper per day x 260 work days « 117,000 Ibs paper per year
    ^Earthworm Consultants, 1990.  This month-long study conducted at EPA Region 1
offices indicated that 13 pounds of waste were generated per person per day. Of that total,
0.56 pound was office paper (both high- and low-grade).

                                        23

-------
(4) 117,000 Ibs paper per year divided by 2,000 Ibs * 58.5 tons of paper per
year.
IV. MARKET ANALYSIS

When deciding which types and grades of materials to separate from the waste
stream, an important aspect to consider is the availability of viable markets for recycling
the materials collected. High-grade computer printouts and white ledger have
historically had a sound economic base for recycling in the paper industry. Aluminum
has a well developed market and has a relatively constant demand. Deciding whether to
separate or combine paper grades or to introduce additional types of recoverable
materials to the program should be based on program economics and goals, and the
market demand in your area. Factors such as additional time, labor, participation rates,
and equipment required to collect grades separately (as opposed to combining them)
should aho be considered.

Publications such as "Fibre Market News"16 and "Official Board Markets" provide
current average price listings for paper collected and delivered to a paper mill.
However, it is important to note that markets for recyclable paper can fluctuate
dramatically over time and therefore the decision of what grades to include in your
agency's paper recycling program should not be based solely on current prices for paper
grades.

For information on markets for recycled aluminum, consult publications such as
"American Metal Market" You can also contact local scrap dealers (listed under "Scrap
Metals" in the phone book) or recycling centers (listed under "Recycling Centers") to
determine prices paid in your locality.

Unlike paper and aluminum, glass and plastic price information is not readily
accessible through market publications. To determine prices paid for scrap glass, call
several vendors in your area for their prices, and then average those prices. For plastic
prices, call several scrap plastics buyers in your area (look under "Plastics - Scrap" in
your phone book) or contact several industries that use post-consumer (i.e. recovered by
consumers in offices or residences) plastic and average their prices.

, A market analysis will reveal the demand for recyclables in your area. The
program coordinator will need to assess the quality and quantity of materials that
different materials dealers will accept, the price structures, and the services that dealers
will provide. All of these preliminary steps should be taken prior to issuing an invitation
16See Appendix D for a list of trade associations and publications that are potential
sources of information about recyclables market data, as well as other subjects.
24

-------
for bids to evaluate what should be collected in the program and to estimate the costs
and revenues. The General Services Administration (GSA) may have done this analysis
and may already have a viable contract in place in your area, so check with your regional
GSA office. Names, addresses and telephone numbers of organizations dealing in
recylable materials are Listed in Appendix D.

A market analysis involves making initial contacts with local materials dealers. In
making these contacts, you should consider contacting the waste hauler for your buildinjg.
This contractor may also provide a recycling collection service. Local and state
government officials are often aware of materials dealers in the area and are a good
initial contact point for names of companies to call regarding recycling services. The
phone book listings mentioned previously are another source of this information.

When contacting materials dealers, the following information is important to
obtain:

• Descriptions and types/grades of materials handled

* Acceptable contamination types and levels

• Container types and sizes provided or required and equipment, if any,
available for use, such as compactors or handcarts

• Minimum quantities per pickup and pickup scheduling procedures

• Methods for handling confidential or classified materials

• Price structures offered for the different types/grades of material picked up

When analyzing the market conditions for recyclable paper, it is important to
remember that not all paper is the same. There are a variety of grades of paper, and
different grades lend themselves to making different types of new products. As
mentioned earlier, for example, old newspapers are used primarily to make newsprint
and recycled paperboard, whereas high-grade papers may be used to make tissue ;
products or printing and writing papers. Different mills accept and recycle different I
grades and types of paper, therefore, the availability of local markets should be an initial
consideration in the design of any recycling program. !
V. CONTRACTS

A recycling contract is the mechanism that consummates the agreement between
our agency and the company collecting your recyclable materials. This contract
essentially specifies the "who," "what," "where," Vhen," and Vhat if of the agreement.

-------
In a recycling contract between your agency and a materials collector or recycler, the
terms of the agreement typically address:

       *     Who the parties are to the recycling contract

       •     What the responsibilities are of the recycling contractor

       •     What your agency's responsibilities are

       •     How much the contractor will pay your agency for recyclable materials

       •     What types and grades of materials the contractor will collect

       •     How, when,  and where the contractor will collect the recyclable materials

       •     What the term of the contract is, and

       •     What happens in the case of nonperformance by either party.

An effective contract specifies the agreement between the parties concisely and in
sufficient detail to describe fully the obligations of the parties, while still anticipating
those unforeseen situations that occasionally arise.  Such a contract promotes recycling
by providing the government with a service obligated to remove and pay for recyclable
office materials and by giving recyclers a known source and quantity of recyclables.

       Most Federal agencies have two alternatives in establishing contracts for the sale
of recyclables: they can use existing GSA recycling contracts (assuming their region has
such a contract), or they can establish their own independent recycling contracts.17 The
following discussion briefly describes the general nature of these recycling contracts, the
requirements applicable to GSA and independent contracts, and the strengths and
weaknesses of each approach. Recycling contracts for paper collection are discussed
here as an example.

GENERAL SERVICE ADMINISTRATION CONTRACTS

       In response to the passage of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA), GSA initiated a  recycling support program in the late  1970*8.  As pan of this
program, GSA has been, and is presently, administering recycling contracts that can be
    17GSA recycling contracts primarily address recyclable office paper. Some contracts -
but not all - include provisions for glass, metal, and plastics.  Consult with your GSA
regional recycling coordinator to determine which materials are included in their contract.

                                        26

-------
used for recycling office paper by any civilian Federal agency located in a region wher
GSA contract exists.18
; a
The GSA recycling contracts essentially provide Federal agencies with a
contractor that will pay for and pick up the types of recyclable paper specified under tjie
agreement These contracts establish all of the terms and conditions necessary to
support office paper recycling once the paper has been collected at the facility. The
contract provides for a company to pick up the paper and for GSA to bill the companj
according to the type and amount removed.

To use a GSA recycling contract, an agency must:

• Reside within a GSA region where a GSA contract is in place

• Contact GSA and indicate a desire to use the GSA recycling contract

• Generate a minimum quantity of paper (quantity depends on GSA regioij)

• Collect and centrally store the recyclable paper for pick up by the GSA
contractor (dependent upon GSA region).

These are the basic and minimum requirements for participation in the GSA program it
this time. Because of the many other considerations that must be taken into account for
each agency and facility, GSA suggests that recycling coordinators contact GSA to
discuss in detail the requirements for using a GSA recycling contract. GSA has
representatives covering all of its 11 regions. Addresses and phone numbers of the
contacts in your region can be obtained from the Federal Recycling Program at GSA
headquarters, (202) 208-7929.

Two key advantages to a GSA contract are that GSA establishes and administers
the contract, and the Administration has over 10 years of experience in administering
recycling contracts. This experience provides GSA with a working knowledge of how t
administer these contracts efficiently. Other advantages of GSA administration of the
contract are:

• The recycling contract is already in place. Your agency can make almost
immediate use of existing GSA contracts. There is no need to collect
contract information, solicit bids, or draft, revise, or negotiate a contract.
By contacting GSA and organizing recyclables collection through the stepk
discussed earlier, a program can begin to operate in a short period of time.
"For military agencies, the Defense Logistics Agency provides this service in lieu
GSA.

27
of

-------
• CSA administers the contract. GSA performs nearly all of the contract
administration, including billing, paperwork and recordkeeping,
modification, renewal, and enforcement This can constitute a significant
amount of work.

• CSA provides assistance and training for agency personnel GSA supports
your agency personnel by providing training and guidance on how to
establish and implement recycling programs.

• GSA performs recordkeeping and provides feedback. GSA maintains central
records for office recycling by your agency and provides feedback though
periodic reports.

• GSA has 10 years of experience in administering recycling contracts. GSA
understands how to establish a program, what key elements lead to success,
and what kinds of problems are likely to arise. Existing GSA contracts are
a product of this experience.

Not all agencies, however, will be able to use a GSA recycling contract. There
are situations that arise where it may be desirable or necessary for agencies to develop
their own recycling contracts. One situation is where an agency is located in a region
without a GSA recycling contract Where this is the case, agencies will need to develop
their own recycling contracts to participate in office recycling. Other situations include
an agency that rents office space from a private lessor, and an agency that does not meet
the requirements of GSA's contract (e.g., generates insufficient quantities, cannot secure
a central collection/storage space). These agencies also may need to establish their own
contracts.

Agencies subject to strict security guidelines (e.g., required to shred all recyclable
paper) may choose to establish their own recycling contracts. However, recyclable
paper not considered confidential may still be recycled by a GSA contractor. Your
agency should contact the GSA Regional Recycling Coordinator in your area to find out
if provisions for destruction are contained in the regional GSA contract.

INDEPENDENT CONTRACTS

Although there are many advantages to using the GSA recycling contracts, some
agencies may find themselves in a position where they must develop their own contract,
as previously noted. GSA requests that the agency contact them before soliciting a
contract (GSA would like the opportunity to suggest guidelines regarding soliciting a
contract). In these situations, several basic steps should be followed to develop an
effective recycling contract. These steps focus on developing an agreement that
addresses the basic terms of the contract: parties, term, payment, and obligations.
28

-------
      The steps for establishing an independent contract include:

      •      Contact building management if you rent your office space from a private
             lessor

      •      Collecting detailed market information (market analysis)

      •      Inviting bids

      •      Developing the contract

      •      Overseeing the contract

      To establish a recycling contract, your agency's contracting office must collect
certain preliminary information.  The agency's needs and the services available to meet
these needs must be assessed. This information is often available from local buyers,
dealers, and brokers.  Basic  information includes specifics on pricing mechanisms (i.e.,
flat fee, floating price, or periodic adjustment of price), unit price information or the
minimum price expected in the short term, and references of current contracts for
recycling contractors.  Some of this information is attained during the market analysis.

      To invite parties to provide recycling service bids, your agency should write and
release an Invitation for Bids (IFB).  Since potential contractors cannot formulate an
accurate bid without a clear understanding of what is expected of them under a contra^
the IFB should explain precisely what your agency expects in terms of performance by
the contractor.  Much of this information can be  obtained through your waste stream ahd
market analyses. Major elements of the IFB typically include:

      •      A description of the type/grade of recyclable materials that need to be  |
             collected and sold                                                   !

      •      An estimate of generation rates

      •      Location of material pickups

      •      Minimum pickup quantities and schedule for pickups

      •      Containers and equipment that you expect the contractor to provide

      •      Confidential document destruction  procedures, if applicable

      •      A description of nonperformance penalties

      •      A proposed pricing mechanism
                                        29

-------
• The term of the contract

• Date your agency requests proposals to be submitted.

Additional items can be included if they clarify the agency's requirements or if they are
considered key terms. Industry standards, such as Scrap Specifications (available from
the Institute for Scrap Recycling Industries) can be used to identify material
specifications where this would be helpful, or unique descriptions of grades can be
developed to fit the particular needs of the agency and the contractor.

Interested bidders then submit proposals in answer to your IFB. Submitted
proposals set out the terms and conditions addressed in the IFB upon which the contract
is consummated. Each proposed contract should specifically describe the obligations of
the agency and contractor and address contingencies that may arise, including breach,
nonperformance, modification, extension, or termination. Proposed contracts should
address these items in sufficient detail to make the obligations of the agency and the
contractor clear. Under regulations specified in 40 CFR § 246.200-9, requirements and
recommended procedures for high-grade paper recovery, it is recommended that
contracts include the buyer's quality specifications, quantity and transportation
agreements, a guarantee that the material will be accepted for one year or more, and a
guaranteed minimum purchase price. The specifications in the proposed contract should
reflect the needs of the agency, as well as the ability of the bidder to fulfill the terms set
out in the IFB. All procedures should be specified, as should locations, notice
requirements, recordkeeping, and billing and reporting requirements.

Your agency's contracting officer will work with the GSA Regional Recycling
Coordinator to develop and implement an independent recycling contract or incorporate
provisions into an existing custodial or waste hauling contract. The contracting officer
should work with legal staff to draft or identify appropriate contract language (GSA
guide specifications are available as examples). Naturally, those persons drafting the
contract should fully understand applicable Federal regulations, specifically the Federal
Property Management Regulations (FPMR), since these apply to sales of Federal
property.

Establishing independent contracts is not without difficulties. The disadvantages
of developing an independent recycling contract center on the fact that the overall
process is fairly complex, requires regulatory and legal support initially, and
administrative support and resources over the longer term.
30

-------
For more information on establishing contracts for the sale of recyclable paper,!
you can refer to EPA's Office Paper Recycling: An Implementation Manual.19 \
VI. COLLECTION SYSTEMS

Once a waste stream analysis, a building profile, and a market analysis have been
conducted, and a contract is in place, the next step in implementing your recycling
program is to design an in-house collection system.20 The system your agency selects j
will depend on what materials you choose to collect, who collects the recyclable
materials, and what storage space and handling equipment exist No matter what system
you decide to employ, it must be easy to use and meet the specification requirements in
the contract.
PAPER

The way you choose to collect your paper will depend on the results of your waste
stream analysis, your agency's goals (e.g., waste reduction/revenue) and the conditions of
your recycling contract.

Office paper recycling programs typically use the dual container system for
collecting recyclable paper. With the dual container system, one container is used for
recyclable paper and the other for discarding non-recyclable waste. When a desk or
office recycling container is full, the employee or facility services personnel empties the
recyclable paper into a central collection container. Your agency will be able to obtain
recycling containers from a variety of sources. Many companies now offer recycling
containers in their product lines. Additionally, containers can be ordered through GSA's
Customer Supply Centers and Schedules.

Another collection method requires employees to take their recyclable paper
directly to the central container. No container is placed on or near the desk.
1*This manual is included in Section 4 of the Supplemental Resource Materials for
Program Coordinators. (This section is included in the Recycling in Federal Offices
Resource Materials.)

20The only times you would not want to design a collection system is when (1) a
collection system has already been designated in your recyclable materials contract or (2)
when your recyclables are commingled with your office's trash and separated by someone
else at another location. '

-------
If the paper requires storage, obtaining adequate and conveniently located main
storage space is crucial to your program. When selecting your main storage area,
consider the following issues:

* Is the central collection site large enough?

• Can the site be locked?

• Is the site protected with sprinklers?

• Is a freight elevator and loading dock easily accessible?

The program coordinator will need to work with the building manager and the
hauler to locate and obtain appropriate storage space for both local and central
collection. The amount of storage space needed will depend upon the quantity of paper
collected, the requirements of the contract, and the method of storage. A minimum
tonnage will probably be required per pickup. The program coordinator should be
aware of this minimum limit to accurately calculate the amount of storage space needed.
It is advisable to provide extra space to allow for overflow. Some haulers may collect at
certain defined frequencies or pickup days, regardless of paper accumulation. In this
case, storage space will depend upon the amount of paper generated between pickup
days. Keep in mind that additional space may be needed around containers so that they
are accessible and conform with fire and safety regulations.

In the central storage area, recovered paper is usually stored in mobile canvas
hampers, pallet boxes, or bulk containers. Your paper hauler may provide storage
containers. The program coordinator should consult the hauler regarding such services,
as well as which type of storage container would be most suitable. Storage space is
usually obtained in the basement or the loading dock area of the facility.

If storage space is simply unavailable, paper may be kept in local containers and
delivered to the loading dock on the day of pickup. If outdoor storage is necessary, the
paper should be secured from theft and covered to ensure protection from the elements.

In addition to choosing collection containers and acquiring storage space, you
must determine who can consolidate your recyclables most efficiently and transport them
from the local containers to the main storage area. Most office paper recycling programs
work best when integrated with existing custodial operations. Many agencies add the
responsibility of picking up the recyclable materials to the custodial contract when it is
up for renewal or modify an existing contract. In some instances, this requirement may
already be in your present custodial contract and can be initiated by the contracting
officer. Check with your contracting office to find out. If the custodians are not
involved in the collection of the recyclable paper, make sure they are informed about the
32

-------
program so that they do not accidentally mix the recyclables with the regular trash and
throw the recyclables away.

Once you have determined who will move the recyclable paper, you must figure
out how to move it. The movement of recyclable office paper from individual employees
through the building and to the loading dock will require certain collection and handling
equipment. Existing equipment commonly found in many office buildings may be ,
appropriate for handling and collecting office paper. Suitable equipment includes mobile
canvas bins, canvas bags, handcarts or dollies, and forklifts or pallet jacks (if you are
storing paper in pallet boxes). If your agency does not have access to the required
equipment, the program coordinator should discuss leasing the equipment from the
paper hauler. Additionally, it may be required in your contract that the paper hauler
provide this equipment. Your agency may also consider purchasing this equipment.

As noted earlier, one issue your agency may confront is the collection of
confidential paper for recycling. You should consult with the National Security Agency
to determine the level of confidential materials shredding required for your agency. The
program coordinator should contact the paper hauler to determine if the company
accepts shredded material. Additionally, most recycling companies will guarantee that
confidential paper will be handled according to security guidelines. Recycling of
confidential paper will most likely require special collection and management. Storage
must be secure. You should note that when including shredded paper in your program
and designating storage space, shredded paper takes up more space than flat or
crumpled paper.
OTHER MATERIALS

Recyclables other than paper require a slightly different collection approach.
Because of the bulkiness and lower generation rate of aluminum, glass, and plastic, most
offices prefer to centrally locate collection containers for these materials. Many types of
recycling containers are now commercially available - some have wheels for easy
transport to the loading dock and lids with openings sized to fit standard bottles or cans.
Because beverage containers are frequently discarded in or around kitchens or
lunchrooms, these areas are good candidates for locating the collection containers.
Additionally, these areas usually have sinks for emptying and rinsing containers.

Collection containers for non-paper materials may also be located outside of the
building (usually in the parking lot or loading bay). This scheme requires individuals or
custodial staff to deposit the recyclables in an "igloo" or large bin.
33

-------
VII. EDUCATION OF EMPLOYEES

A successful office recycling program depends upon employer endorsements and
employee participation. To have a successful recycling program, employees from all
levels must participate in the recycling efforts. To introduce employees to the recycling
program, your agency might begin with a memo to all personnel highlighting the
importance and the benefits of an office recycling program.21 The memo could also list
facts such as the percentage of landfill space saved by recycling and the amount of these
materials that is presently being discarded by your agency every month.

Because managers have influence over their staff, it is important that they set a
precedent and stress the importance of, and their commitment to, the program.
Therefore, a good place to begin implementation of an office recycling program is at the
managerial level. Because managers should set a good example for their staff to follow,
it is important that managers clearly understand the goals of an office recycling program
and the benefits that result from employee participation. Implementation could begin
with the distribution of a memo to managers that informs them of the goals of the
program, instructs them on how to recognize types of recyclables in the office, and
suggests ways they might encourage their workers to participate in the recycling program.
This memo should also encourage managers to support the recycling program
coordinator. Managers should encourage their employees to cooperate with program
monitors in their section or division and to attend or participate in recycling meetings,
workshops, and any other special events, such as a Recycling Awareness Week. The
memo to managers could be followed by memos and other avenues of outreach to the
rest of the agency staff. The desired result of these efforts is that managers become
informed and supportive of the program monitors, who ultimately will be working with
the staff to oversee participation in the program.

Several outreach strategies could be used to bring attention to the office recycling
program. Memos distributed about two weeks prior to the actual start date of the
program, followed by regular reminder memos, can be very effective. Keep the tone of
the memos positive, share facts regarding how much money the agency can save, and
mention the impact your agency is having saving our natural resources. When the
program is getting started, the program coordinator and monitors should hold a short
orientation session for all employees to help them understand the goals of the program
and to teach them which types of office materials to recycle. In addition to distributing
memqs, program monitors could provide other means of communication to catch the
attention of agency employees. Posters are good attention-getters and can be displayed
in lunch rooms, near elevators, or in any other high-traffic location. Posters can be
changed in format periodically to keep them up-to-date. For instance, one might design
an initial poster illustrating how much paper and other recyclables you are collecting is
"See Section 4.7.
34

-------
landfilled annually and at what cost. The next poster might illustrate how much of each
of these materials was recycled during the first year of the program. Program monitors
could also start a competition between offices to see which office collects the most
materials for recycling. Be sure to include custodial staff involved. If necessary, provide
multilingual posters so no one will be left out of the program.

A recycling "hotline" could be set up for agency employees so that personnel
participating in the recycling program can have their questions answered easily and
conveniently. Recycling monitors or members of the task force could be responsible for
answering the phoneline.

Sometime early during the program, schedule a special event, such as a Recycling
Awareness Week. Provide written information, buttons, and pamphlets about other area
recycling programs, such as county recycling stations or curbside collections. In addition
to memos, posters, and special events, write articles about the progress of the recycling
program for the employee newsletter (printed on recycled paper). Keep in mind that
your goal is to get everyone in your agency to participate in the office recycling programl

Outreach activities should continue after the program has been implemented to :
remind employees to recycle and stay interested in the program. In addition, program or
orientation packets should be made available to new employees.
VIII. PROGRAM MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Office recycling programs require continued administration by the program
coordinator, and program monitors, in order to ensure successful operation and
employee participation. The program coordinator must oversee the program to monitor
its effectiveness and ensure that it is running smoothly over its entire life.

Once your agency's office recycling program is underway, an evaluation procedure
should be established to ensure the continued success of your program. The monitoring
and evaluation process will allow your agency to periodically measure progress toward
the recycling objectives established at the initiation of the program. An evaluation
program will also enable your agency to set realistic goals, evaluate implementation |
options, and anticipate and resolve any problems arising from changes in the office
environment or operating objectives.
i
i
To institute your evaluation program, staff should be assigned to carry out !
evaluation activities. The program coordinator, program monitors and task force
members will play key roles in the design and implementation of your agency's
evaluation program. Additionally, the facilities service division of your agency or
contracted service personnel can play a large and important role in program evaluation.

-------
Remember that facilities service staff are collecting the materials for recycling; therefore,
their input regarding the cleanliness of the materials, the amount of sorting achieved, etc.
will be valuable.

Monitors can ensure that the recycling program is running smoothly and that
objectives are being met Monitors assisting in the evaluation program will be
responsible for conducting periodic inspections of office areas to determine if employees
are properly separating recyclable materials. This inspection should include screening
recycling containers for contaminants and waste baskets for recyclable materials. Other
important duties in a successful evaluation program include posting recycling statistics to
allow employees to follow the program's success, fielding questions regarding program
operation, and contributing to articles in agency bulletins and newsletters to remind
employees of the recycling program's objectives. An effective evaluation program will
also solicit reactions to the recycling program and ideas for program improvement from
employees. A feedback mechanism for employee suggestions should, therefore, be
developed.

To begin the evaluation program at your agency, the current status of recycling at
the facility must be determined. The waste stream analysis performed prior to program
initiation will give monitors a facility baseline with which to compare monthly recycling
progress (i.e., percent of total discards recovered). To assess current knowledge of and
attitudes toward recycling, a staff questionnaire can be distributed. Periodic updates of
this questionnaire can indicate increased knowledge and support of the program.

An accurate measure of program successes and progress will result from keeping a
current record of costs and revenues, monitoring recovery rates and participation, and
reporting successes and problems to management and employees. This means that you
must keep accurate and up-to-date statistics, including records of tonnage figures, dollars
received from recycling vendors, and estimated cost savings for removing recyclable from
the waste stream and avoiding disposal fees. Log records may be maintained in
handwritten form or on a computer data base.

One source for obtaining these data is the materials dealer with which you
contract. The contractor should provide, for each pickup, the total weight of each
material type and grade collected, the grade assigned to each load of paper, and the
amount paid per unit of weight for each type of material.

Tracking employee participation and commitment, monitoring collection
contamination, and recording data on the quantity of material recycled will allow your
agency to regularly assess the status of the recycling program and plan for changes and
improvements. This information can also be used for further program marketing and
employee education efforts. The design of your agency's evaluation program will
ultimately depend on your recycling objectives, agency commitment to recycling, and
your agency's specific waste material characteristics.
36

-------
IX. MAINTENANCE

An office recycling program should be maintained and nurtured on a regular
basis. One maintenance responsibility that befalls the program coordinator is to
regularly infuse energy into the program to ensure the enthusiastic participation of
Agency staff. Introducing to new staff the rationale for participating in an office
recycling program, and reintroducing these benefits to current participants, are activities
that should occur throughout the life of a recycling program.

The program coordinator and monitor are also responsible for making any
necessary adjustments to meet operational and/or physical changes that may occur in the
office environment. For instance, growth in staff or a location move would require
physical adjustments to the program. To adjust to such changes, collection bins and
receptacles may need to be relocated, or a new arrangement or schedule change for
paper pick up may need to be made with the materials collector. An office recycling
program must grow over time to adapt to such changing circumstances.

Another program maintenance activity is to sustain a high visibility of the
program. Continued efforts to reinforce program goals and Agency participation in the
program are included in this activity. Communicating program success should be shartd
on a regular basis with program participants and Agency management. Such feedback
should be encouraged and used to refine or improve the program.

Reevaluation of program goals should be pursued by the program coordinator on
a periodic basis, as described previously in "Program Evaluation." Issues such as
program expansion to include other divisions or groups, the addition of new recyclable
materials to the program, etc. are examples of some issues that might arise during your
program revaluation.
X. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

All of the information that has been presented in this background document, as
well as additional information, is available in EPA's Office Paper Recycling: An \
Implementation Manual and Developing a Comprehensive Federal Recycling Program.
These materials are included in Section 4.0 of the overall package of Recycling in Federal
Offices: Resource Materials. '
37

-------

-------
          APPENDIX A




GSA'S RECYCLED PRODUCTS CATALOG

-------

-------
            GSA / FSS
      RECYCLED PRODUCTS
             May1991
f) §  Setting an example in Conservation!
  With ATTITUDE and PRACTICE I

-------
  This Guide reflects the results of GSAIFSS continuing efforts to preside the
  Federal community with supply alternatives with recycled product content.

  The Guide is divided into two sections. Section I presents items m the GSA Stock
  Supply System that are available to Federal agencies through FEDSTRIP/MILSTRIP
  procedures.

  Section II contains brief descriptions of four Federal Supply Schedules for
  acquisition of recycled products directly from vendors.
  This Guide is not meant as a complete catalog of FSS> recycled products as they are
  changing on a daily basis. The Guide is meant as a recycled product highlighter to
  the GSA SUPPLYCATALOG. The descriptions herein are brief by design. They
  serve to provide sufficient identification for you to be aware of products that might
  be similar to supplies currently being used in your day-to-day operation.  Once '
  a recycled item is identified you should look to the GSA SUPPLY CATALOG for
  complete and technical description.:      '  .  .    •   '
                           - *          •", ,**i "      "
  We witt provide periodic addendum*, to this, guide or revised guides as the information
  becomes available.
       \
   We, as members vfthe'-Government, must concentrate our efforts]
    at fostering both Attitude and Practice in the subject of
   "Conservation."    :
The % column shown to the far right on the following pages reflect? the percent of
rervrlfdmaterialsrnntaiutdxn each nartieularitem/- -'-••"
          Unit of issue definition as used in this guide.:-
          BD = Bundle         BE»Bale
          HD = Hundred       PG = Package    Rfr=Roll
                               SH*Sheet
THIS GUIDE IS PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER!
Page 2

-------

r 	
1 ENVELOPES I
AIRMAIL ENVELOPE Of

See CSA Supply Catalog for complete description.

ficial Business- No penalty or indicia, white
PAYCHECK ENVELOPE See GSA Catalog for printing, white
PREPRINTED ENVELOPE Official Business, side opening, window, while
Official Business, side opening, window.white
Official Business, side opening, white
Official Business, side opening, white
Official Business, side opening, white
-"Dept of State", side opening, penalty .white
-"Dept of Slate", E.O. Emp, side opening, white
-"Dept of State", EO. Emp, s/o,penalty, Knft
-"Dept of State", EO. Emp, s/o,penalty, Knft
-"Dept of Stale". EO. Emp.penalty, Knft
-"Dept of Stale". EO. Emp.penalty, Knft
Official Business, s/o, penalty, indicia & Eagle.white






Official Business j/o. penalty .indicia ft Eagle Jt/bm.








End opening, ideal for small items, It/ bra
VMPRINTED ENVELOPE Side opening, no penalty, no indicia, white






Side opening, no penalty, no indicia. It. bm/Knft








End opening, no penalty, no indicia. It. bm/Knft



4-1/8"x9-l/2"
3-9/16 x 7-13/16"
4-5/16x8-11/16"
4-1/8x9-1/2"
4-1/8x9-1/2"
9-1/2x12"
8-1/2 x 13-1/2"
3-7/8x8-7/8"
3-7/8 x 8-7/8"
6-1/16 xlO-1/2"
10x15"
9-1/2x12"
12 x 16"
3-5/8x6-1/2"
3-7/8x8-7/8"
4-1/8 x 9-1/2"
4-1/2x10-3/8"
3-7/8 x 8-7/8"
4-1/8x9-1/2"
10 x 15"
11x13"
12x16"
3-3/4x5-7/8"
3-7/8 x 8-7/8"
4-1/8x9-1/2"
4-5/16x8-11/16"
9 x 12-3/4"
4-1/8x9-1/2"
9-1/2x4-1/2"
10 x 15"
11x13"
12x16"
2-1/2x4-1/4"
3-3/4 X5-7/8"

BX (500)
BX (500)
BX (500)
BX{500)
BX (500)
BX (500)
BX(500)
BX (500)
BX (500)
BX(500)
BX (500)
BX(500)
BX(500)
BX(500)
BX(SOO)
BX (500)
BX(500)
BX(500)
BX(500)
BX (500)
BX(SOO)
BX (500)
BX (500)
BX(500)
BX(SOO)
BX(500)
BX (500)
BX(500)
BX(SOO)
BX(500)
BX(500)
BX(SOO)
BX (500)
BX(SOO)

$8.09
$9.38
$9.68
$8.79
$7.07
$25.78
$31.01
$5.06
$8.02
$11.15
$25.37
$23.99
$42.47
$6.07
$5.70
$6.62
$11.43
$7.06
$6.61
$28.08
$29.30
$49.42
$7.95
$6.26
$6.60
$7.81
$25.00
$6.46
$6.87
$26.97
$30.43
$51.94
$6.66
$9.20




7530-00-1 3C
7530-00-130
7530-01-152
7530-00-130
7530-00-130
7530-00-130
7530-00-130
7530-01-009-
7530-01-012
7530-01-009-
7530-01-009-
7530-01-010-
7530-01-010-
7530-00-767-
7530-00-767-
7530-00-767-
7530-00-767-
7530-00-187-
7530-00-767-
7530-00-767-
7530-00-767-
7530-00-767-
7530-00-031-
7530-00-198-
7530-00-286-
7530-01-152-
7530-01-152-
7530-00-198-
7530-00-935-
7530-00-242-
7530-00-926-
7530-00-286-
7530-00-286-
7530-00-286-
X-RAY ENVELOPE -"X-ny Film"-Do Not Bend or Fold, It. bra



Uses button and string closure. Indicia
Uses a gummed flap, no indicia

15x18"
15 x 18"

BX(50)
HD

$53.61
$67.23

7530-00-601-
7530-00-286-

f



%
3256
3262
5120
3281
3284
3283
3280
2564
4001
2562
2563
7700
!429
5707
5708
5709
5710
1147
i729
»756
!825
S758
'300
!873
»970
i!22
!119
!876
'081
218
KXX)
.963
i937
.935

1900
1929
ate 3
-
so
SO
»
50
SO
50
50
SO
so
so
JO
so
JO
50
JO
90
SO
JO
so
so
so
so
so
so
JO
JO
so
so
50
so
so
50
so

so
so

-------
1 r\ri R ^^^^^^^^^^^^fiff^^^^^^^^^^^fM

\ *<>\t> g^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^J
WRITING PAPER 25% ng bond. 16-lb weight, while

25% ng bond. 20-lb weight, white

50% ng pulp paper, 1 6-lb weight, white
100% wood-pulp paper, 20-lb weight, white





8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x14"
8-1/2x11"
17x22"
8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x11"
8-1/2 x 13"
8-1/2 x!4"
17x22"
22x34"
34x44"
BX(5000)
BX(5000)
BX(5000)
BX(3000)
BX(5000)
BX(5000)
BX(5000)
BX(5000)
BX(3000)
BX (1500)
BX(500)
$36.19
$48.23
$43.44
$117.58
$43.15
$30.94
827.03
$39.24
$73.93
$89.25
$51.62
7530-00-290-0599 a
7530-00-290-0600 53
7530-00-616-7284 25
7530-00-227-1436 a
7530-01-077-2365 »
7530-00-290-0617 n
7530-00-904-7704 so
7530-00-290-0618 so
7530-00-290-0621 so
7530-00-160-9165 So
7530-00-160-9168 SO
DUPLICATION ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^m\

Miin&u\iKArit rArKK ZU-ID long gran paper, lor *-«aeo copying
25% ng nock, white
A good wood pulp for genenl me
Blue
Buff
Goldenrod
Green
White
SPIRIT DUPLICATING Paper, duplicating, copy, liquid process. 20-lb
Green
Pink
While
While
Yellow

8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x11"

8-1/2 x II"
8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x11"
llxlT
8-1/2x11"

BX(5000)
BX(5000)
BX(SOOO)
BX(SOOO)
BX(5000)
BX(5000)

BX(5000)
BX(5000)
BX(5000)
BX(2500)
BX(5000)

$43.11
$34.29
$34.45
$32.70
S33.01
$31.31

$33.29
$3132
$31.32
$32.46
$33.22

7530-00-285-3073 so
7530-00-285-3071^^
7530-01-072-2533
7530-00-234-7169 SO
7530-01-072-2534 so
7530-00-286-6178 so

7530-01-037-5556 so
7530-00-221-0805 so
7530-00-240-4768 »
7530-00-239-9747 so
7530-01-037-5555 »
^ PRINTING i^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^g^ra
LEDGER PAPER Unruled, 25% ng bond. 64 Ib. white
BLEACHED OFFSET Opaque, bleached wood-pulp, highspeed offset
16-lb bans weight
White
Green
White
20-lb buii weight
Blue
Buff
Par* 4
17x22"


8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x14"
17x22"

8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x11"

BX(2000)


BX(5000)
BX(5000)
BX(4000)

BX(5000)
BXfSOOO)

$112.19


$33.89
S3S.02
$109.90

$34.32
$34.12

7530-oa:^, „;


7530-00- ;••««:»: «
7530-01 -: VM *
7530-00 ;:« «:'"^i^
w
7530-01 " « • «* .
7530-01 -•.--: v

-------
i'KtM (:\(, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^E]
Green
Pink
Salmon
YeUow
Blue
Grocn
Pink
White
YeUow
RAILROAD BOARD Uncoaied railroad boanUetterpreii or offset
White. 0.030 thick
White, 0.048 thick
8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x11"
8-1/2x11"
22 x 34"
22x34"
22x34"
22x34"
22x34"

22x28"
28x44"
BX(SOOO)
BX(SOOO)
BX(5000)
BX(SOOO)
BX (1500)
BX(1500)
BX(1500)
BX(ISOO)
BX(500)

BX(250)
BX (100)
$34.71
$34.12
$34.12
$34.12
$83.05
$81.88
$82.89
$73.41
$86.12

$95.95
$124.12
7530-00-509-8632 »
7530-01-071-9794 »
7530-01-071-9795 s
7530-01-077-5387 »
7530-00-515-1101 »
7530-00-515-1099 »
7530-00-3
7530-00-i
7530-00-3
95-1098 »
15-1086 »
15-1100 x
i
9310-00-223-0358 *>
9310-00-953-1696 n
OFFICE MACHINE ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^|
TELETYPE PAPER ROLL 8-7/16" wide. 5" outiide dia. fiber core, rintide dia
Roll features two-pan paper, both white

RO (195")
$433
7530-00-935-4183 *
WiiSHtilUHK %
INDEX PAPER
25% rag paper, 220-lb weight , 25-1/2" x 30-1/2"
(•• = Buy on Demand)

Chemical wood-pulp paper hat 220-lb bans weight
Meaitaei 8-1/2" xll"





Measures 17-1/2" x 22-1 /2"
Meajurt* 22-1/2" x 28-1/2"



Meaturei 22-1/2" x 35"



P*g< 5

Blue
Yellow
Blue
Green
Pink
Salmon
White
YeUow
White
YeUow
Blue
Buff
Salmon
White
Blue
Buff
Green
Salmon
White

BX(500)
BX (500)
BX(2000)
BX(2000)
BX(2000)
BX(2000>
BXC2000)
BX(2000)
SD(20K)
BX(IOOO)
BX(SOO)
BX(SOO)
BX(500)
BX (500)
BX(500)
BX(SOO)
BX(500)
BX(500)
Bxrsotn

a*
$125.66
$40.22
$40.22
$40.22
$40.22
$39.38
$40.22
$165189
$84.44
$68.84
$68.84
$68.84
$64.34
$84.82
S84.82
$84.82
$84.82
$83.04

9310-00-752-9083 »
9310-00-7
9310-00-9
9310-00-9
9310-00-9
52-9090 a
82-0492 »
55-0218 »
82-0491 SO
9310-00-042-3867 so
9310-00-955-0217 jo
9310-00-04:5758 »

1






















9310-01-074.9409 jo i
9310-01075—6$ «i
i
93 10-00-1 «- '830 » i
93io-oo-i»A"'n: *
9310-0& ::.i TJ «
9310 ntv \HI '**4 «
9310-00-"': *^< »
9310-05
9310-00
9310-00-
9310-00-

•*: •»•"•> »
•«; j.«n «
•«:*<*: »
'" J-AX «

-------
[SPECIAL PURPOSE^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
White
Measures 25-1/2" x 30-1/2" Blue
Buff
Pink
Salmon
White
Yellow
Wood-pulp paper has a 280-lb baas weight
Measures 22-1/2" x 28-1/2" White
Measures 25-1/2" x 30-1/2" White
(••-BUY OK DEMAND)
SD (10K)
BX(500)
BX(SOO)
BX (500)
BX(500)
BX(500)
BX(500)
BX(SOO)
BX(500)

$1671.39 93 10-00-926-454 ^H
$83.67 9310-00-160-7831
$83.67 9310*00-160-7833 »
$83.67 9310-00-223-0376 »
$83.67 9310-00-223-0377 »
$81.92 9310-00-160-7835 »
$83.67 9310-00-223-0378 so
*• 9310-00-160-7840 JB
•* 9310-00.160-7841 »

ART IDRAl TING ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Q
••••••la^^^^^^^^^HBiiiiiiiiiii^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^—^^^^^^^^^^....—.—
1 .V//:.Y< //. V 77 V/'/ ,\ '/7?S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
STENCIL BOARD Lighiweighi(47-60 !b basis wt)0.0ir thick 20x24"
Heavywevht(70-921b basis wi)0.016T thick 6x20"
8x24"
8x36"
12x36*
20x24"
20x32"
24x36"
HD
SH
HD
SH
SH
SH
HD
HD
$23.25 9310-00-282-2501 jo
$0.06 9310-00-282-6893 »
$10.32 9310-00-160-7853 »
$0.15 9310-00-1«V7854^
$0.23 9310-00-160-7856
$0.24 9310-00-160-7857 50
$33.86 9310-00-263-6797 »
$41.66 9310-00-160-7858 »
PAPER ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H

White 40x30"
Wnnri miln-hauvl 
Pat* 4

-------
 CONSTRUCTION  PAPER
       MATBOARD
     POSTERBOARD
Single thickness, pebble finish. 0.045 to 0.050 thick.
white
PaperboanidrBwing. $0% rag. thick, single heed
                            smooth finish, white

Paperboaid,diawing. S0% ng. extra thk, single faced
                             smooth finiih.white

Paperboaid,diawing. 50% rag, extra thk. single faced
                              rough finjjh.white

Paperboanidnwing. 100% tig.  single faced
                              rough finiih.white
                           P*pcrboard,di*wing,50% rag. extra ink. double faced
                                                          rough furish.white

                           Paptrboaid.diawMig.100% rag,extn thLdouble faced
                                                        smooth finish,while
                           Soft-textured, 1/16" papeifaoard .blue
   Brown




Medium Gray

   Green

   Orange

    Red

   White

   Yellow


  28x44"





  30x40"


  30x40"


  30x40"


  30x40"
                                                  30x40"


                                                  32x40"
       FORMS
     OPTIONAL
GENERAL OFFICE FORM OF-41 Routing and Traninutul, 100 per pd
     STANDARD
CENERAL OFFICE FORM SF63 Memorandum of Call
PC (20 pads)
                                                                                            KD
                                                                                            HD

                                                                                            HD

                                                                                            HD

                                                                                            HD

                                                                                            HD

                                                                                            HD


                                                                                            SH
                                                                                          BX(SO)


                                                                                          BX(SO)


                                                                                          BX(50)


                                                                                            SH
                                                                            $1.24  7530-00-2^3-2883   »
                                                                           J1.22  7530-00-285-2884   x

                                                                           SI. 19  7530-00-283-2887   90

                                                                           $1.28  7530-00-285-28%   w

                                                                           $1.44  7530-00-285-2901   »

                                                                           $1.14  7530-00-285-2905   »

                                                                           $1.18  7530-00-28^-2906   w
                           $1.45  9310-00-291-7847   50
                          $63.75  7530-00-515-0478   »
                          $75.83  7530-00-180-6306
                          $72.41  7530-00-51J-0812   »
                           $2.06  7530-00-270-6686   JO
                                                  22x30"       BX(50)     $69.48  7530-00-270-6684   »
                 SH
                           $2.46  7530-00-317-4291   so
                     1-00-317.


SH        $1.85  7530-00-724-6295   25
                                                PC (10 pads)       PC
                                                                                                      $2.56  7540-00-935-5862   25
                 PG
                                                                           $2.30  7540-00-634-4018  25

-------
  HOUSEHOLD
PAPER PRODUCTS
KRAFT PAPER General purpose wrap .Kraft «2, untreated
Sheets are Oat or soft folded
Paper has a bans weight of 30 Ib. 50-lb bdle mural
Paper has a basis weight of 70 Ib. natural
Paper roll 9" dia, basis weight of 30 Ib, natural


Paper roll 9" dia. basis weight of 40 Ib, natural



KRAFT PAPER Paper roll 9" dia. basis weight of 50 Ib. natural

Paper roll 9" dia. basis weight of 60 Ib. natural


Paper roll 9" dia. basis weight of 70 Ib. natural


Paper roll 9" dia. basis weight of 80 Ib. natural


24 x 36"
36x48"
24- wide
30- wide
36- wide
24- wide
30- wide
36" wide
48- wide
24* wide
36" wide
24" wide
36" wide
48" wide
24" wide
36" wide
48- wide
36- wide
48- wide

BD (850)
PC (200)
RO (16361)
RO (16361)
RO (1636-)
RO (12281)
RO (1228*)
R0(1228-)
RO (1228-)
RO(9W)
RO (9801)
RO(820-)
RO(820")
RO (8201
ROCTOO1)
RO(70O)
ROCHW)
RO (615)
RO (6151)

S28.86
S27.18
$18.60
$23.82
$29.04
$17.25
$21.05
$25.90
S32.81
SI 5.96
S24.55
SI 4.91
S23.68
$28.48
$15.84
$23.49
$29.93
$22.67
$29.87

8135-00-290-3408
8135-00-290-5504
8135-00-286-7317
8135-00-160-7752
81 35-00- J 60-7753
8135-00-160-7757
8135-00-160-7758
8135-00-160-7759
8135-00-160-7762
8135-00-290-3407
8135-00-160-7764
8135-00-160-7766
81 35-00-160-7768 1
8135-00-160-7769
8135-00-160-7770
8135-00-160-7771
8135-00.160-7772
8135-00-160-7776
8135-00-160-7778

J
i
5
5
>
J
5
5
J
5
'
3
ft
^•PT
S
3
J
5
5
1 BATH PRODUCTS ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^R\
FACIAL TISSUE Soft, absorbent tissue . folded. 2-piy. craped, while
Dispenser contains 50 sheets (200 disp to BX)
Regular dispenser , BX contains 200 sheets
PAPER TOWELS Heavywgt piper hand towels . for huanxxu dispensers
10-1/8" wide. 130 sq. in., BX contains 2400
Single fold, 9-1/2" wide, 99 sq in. 4400 to BX
Sgle fld,9-l/4- wide,99 sq in, 4400 , Waterproof pkg
66 sq.in.
40 sq. in
66 sq.in.

Direct Delivery
Direct Delivery
Direct Delivery
Direct Delivery
Narrow, multifold for use in APW Onliwon #645; 4000 9-1/4" w.130 sq.in
Patt »
BXOOO)
BX
BX

BX
BX
BX
BX
$036
$35.39
$0.72

$13.07
$15.27
$27.81
$30.06
8540-00-793-5425
8540-00-900-4891
8540-00-281-8360

8540-00-291-0392
8540-00-262-7178 ,
8540-01-055-6134 "
8540-00-291-0390
5
5

«
ft
9
m

-------
^P^H RATH PRonVCTV ^^HI^H^^^^^l^^H^^^^^^^^^HiH^
9


	
Direct Delivery
Wide, multifold, for use in Brown Nibroc #5; 4000 9-1/4" w,85sq in BX $15.96 8540-00-291-0389 «
TOILET PAPER Single-ply tissue, uncompressed its. ind wrapped ,
NIB/NISH - While. 4500" long. 96 rolls Direct Delivery BX $42.21 8540-00-530-3770 »
. 	 	 	 , 	 , 	 !

^^^H «.u;.s ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H










0|
w










A
^|r
KRAFT BAG Heavy duty, 25-lb cap; self-opening, BE contains 500
Printed " BumPaper Only, Gassified Waste"
8-3/8x17-5/8x8-1/8" BE $25.30 8105-00-130-4586 s
Popular-weight paper bag, normal use,groc stores.etc Natural

No. 1/2 bg. 30 eu.in; 3x1-3/4x5-7/8" BE(1 0.000) BE $102.32 8105-00-281-1156 1
No. 2 bag. 83 cu,iru4-l/4 x 2-3/8 x8-l/8" BE (6000) BE $47.99 8105-00-281-1158 j
No. 5 bag. 191 cam; 5-1/4x3-3/8x10-3/4" BE (3000) BE $34.66 8105-00-28*-1163 j
No. 8 bag. 304 cu-in; 6-1/4x3-3/4x120/4" BE (2000) BE $28.74 8105-00-28^1425 s
No. 12 bag, 433 eu.in; 7x4-1/2x13-7/8" BE (1000) BE $19.56 8105-00-27^-1485 s
No. 20 bag. 700 cu.in; 8- 1/8x6x14-3/8" BE (1000) BE $24.76 8105-00-286-7308 5
No. 25 bag. 779 cain: 8-1/4x5-1/4x17-7/8" BE (1000) BE $26.18 8105-00-281-1429 s
No. 1/8 bag, 973 cu.in; 9-3/4x6-1/4x16-3/8" BE (500) BE $17.50 8105-00-579-9161 s
No. 1/4 bag. 1782 cu.in; 11 x 7x23-1/4" BE (250) BE $21.16 8105-00-543-7169 s
Heavy-weight for heavy items;i.e.Jugs,glass jars
No. 1/6 bagisl386cuin. 12x7x17" .natural BE (400) BE $21.23 8105-00-02
No. 1/4 bag is 1782 cu in,lt x 7 x 23- 1/4" .natural
Entire bag printed w 1/4" red ft white stripes
separated by blank spaces BE (250) BE $23.57 8105-00-26
Holds hardware, nails ; high strength bag

M319 3
!-7363 5

No. 3 bag. 4-3/4 x 2-3/4 X7-7/8" BE (2000) BE $30.47 8105-00-849-9843 5
No. 10 bag. 6-1/4x3-7/8x10-1/2" BE (1000) BE $33.69 8105-00-849-9845 5
SHOPPING BAG Heavy-duty.2 handles;6S-lb kraft. natural 17x13x7" BD(250) $47.97 8105-00-857-2250 5
TRASH BAGS Paper.waste receptacle liner, heavy-duty
12-lb load cap., 7-gal. BE (200) BE $31.50 8105-01-28.

1-2923 5
50-lb load cap.. 30 gal. BE (50) BE $21.76 8105-01-284-2924 s
Paper, wet -strength, line sanitary waste receptacle
8x17-1/8x7.3/4. BX(600) BX $28.80 8105-00-050-7266 s
WASTE BAG Paper, waste material. 2 tape closure tabs, foil
laminated, flame retardant. moisture resistant 15 x 6 x 3-1/2" MX S99.16 8105-00-726-2242 s


Pag* 9

-------
y,u™-G / .s-HimA-c _^^^^^^^^^^^^m
1 *
ca#/?f/O4rA7> tto^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^m
Conugated ttapping box. folded Hat
Sinflle wailed, not weather TPTUtmt idorn f § ti c BCTVJCB
Regular alotted box, bunt strength 125 ptl,
4 Haps on top and bottom^tyle RSC
4x4x6"
6x6x6"
6x6x10"
8x5x4-1/2"
8x8x8"
10x10x16"
11x8-1/2x12-1/2"
11-5/8x5x5-1/2"
11-7/8x11-7/8x15-3/8"
14x8-1/2x12-1/2"
Regular alotted box, burst strength 200 pai,
4 Haps on top and bottoB^tylc RSC
6x5x7"
7-1/2x7x3-3/8"
8x4x4"
8x4x24"
8x6x7"
8x8x2"
10x6x8"
10x8x6"
10x10x6"
10-7/8x9x12-1/8"
11x11x6-1/2"
11-1/4x8-3/4x2"
11-1/4x8-3/4x4"
12x10x8"
12x12x12"
13x7x10-1/2"
13x13x24
13-1/2x12x8-1/2"
14 x 14 x 8"
15x7x7"
Page JO 15x15x28"

BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(2S)
BD(25)
BD(25)
EA(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)

BD(25)
BD(25)
BDC2S)
BD(15)
BD(2S)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BDC25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25>
BDC25)
BD(2S)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BDC15)

BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
EA
BD
BD
BD
BD

BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD

$4.42
$4.23
$5.45
$4.76
$5.93
$0.60
$9.84
$6.48
$15.85
$10.68

$4.19
$5.87
54.34
$7.27
$6.38
$6.79
$6.09
$5.89
$7.43
$12.89
$8.52
$5.76
$6.17
$8.85
$13.57
$9.78
$23.69
$14.47
S13.84
S9.21
113.88

8115-00-576-8428
8115-00-1794565
8115-00-179-0566
8115-00-290-5494
8115-00-179-0568
8115-00-290-5481
8115-00-290-5482
8115-00-584-3005
8115-00-290-5484
8115-00-290-5496

8115-00-290-3364
8115-00-782-3940
8115-00-290-3365
8115-00-664-0058
8115-00-290-3367
8115-00-584-3052
8115-00-290-3369
8115-00-179-0570
8115-00-179-0571
8115-00-5304121
8115-00-782-3932
8115-00-190-4870
8115-00-861-1574
8115-00-179-0575
8115-00-290-3370
8115-00-290-3371
8115-00-290-3374
8115-00-290-3373
8115-00-290-3376
8115-00-290-3378
8115-00-290-3380

«
«
40
«
«
40
40
40
40
40

^
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
*
m
w
40
40

-------
'ORKL/GATED BOA
%\
16x9x5"
17-1/2 1 14-1/2 x 8-1/2"
18x15x5-1/2"
18x18x18"
25x20x5"
Regular slotted box, bant strength 275 pi,
4 flaps oo top and bottom;Style RSC
4x4x16"
4-3/8 x 4-3/8 x 4-3/8"
6-3/4x6-3/4x7-1/2"
7x5x40"
8 x 5 x 24"
8 x 8 x 16"
9x9x9"
10 x 8 x 5"
12x9x6"
12x12x4"
12x12x12"
14x12x6"
14x14x10"
16 x 10 x 8"
16 x 16 x 16"
16-1/2x12x10"
17x13-1/2x12"
18x12x10"
18x14x18"
18x15x11"
20 x 20 x 20"
24x12x24"
24x12-1/2x10"
24x17x13"
25x20x10"
32x15x15"
Ceater,spc«l«l slotted box, strength 350 psl,
4 flaps OB top mud botton;Styl« CSSC
15-1/2x11-9/16x7-1/8"

BO (25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(15)
BD(15)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(2S)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BO (25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BO (25)
BD(25)
BD (15)
BO (25)
BD(tS)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BDC25)
BD (15)
BD(15)
BD(1 5)
BD(15)
BD(15)
80(15)
BD(t5)

BD(25)

BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BO
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD

BD

$9.26 8115-01-0
$16.89 81 15-00-2"
$15.78 8115-00-2
$17.15 8U5-00-2
$15.47 8115-00-2'
$929 8115-00-07
$4.20 811 5-00-07
$7.18 8115-00-07
$!9.49 8115-00-07
$15.22 8115-00-07
$12.38 8115-00-07
$10.47 8115-00-071
$9.17 8115-00-08I
$9.57 8115-00-07*
$11.55 BllS-OO-OT*
$16.85 8115-00-071
$13.61 8115-00-07?
$11.80 8115-00-07'
$14.18 8115-00-17<
$17.69
$17.87
$20.66
$18.75
$28.75
$15.16
$26.19
$21.69
S14.41
$20.27
$22.08
S24.95

$34.23

811S-00-07"
13-1508 «
M-3384 «
tt-3386 4D
(0-3387 «
O-3394 «
9-8700 «
9-8447 «
9-8449 «
9-9015 «
9-8791 «
9-8693 «
)-8459 «
)-1025 «
J-8677 «
)-8679 «
)-8680 «
>-8681 «
-8682 «
^0578 «
^8745 «
8115-00-079-8697 «
8115-00-782-3936 «
8115-00-179-0579 «
8115-00-179-0580 «
8115-00-079-8788 «
8115-00-079-8823 «
811 5-00- 17<
8115-00-075
-0547 «
-8825 «
8115-00-074-8879 «
8115-00-782-3935 «
8115-00-079-8989 «

8115-00-179-0549 «


'attll

-------
CORRUGATED  BO,
                           Slotted box w/full overlap, strcnith  200 psi.
                           Outer flaps fully  overlap  top and bottom
                           length,short inoer naps,Style  FOL

                                                            35 * 20 x 16"
                           Slotted box  w/full overlap, strength  350 pil,
                           Outer flaps  partially overlap
                           w/short  inoer  Haps,  Style OSC-L
                                                          23-1/2x15-15"     BD(15)
                           Special  full.nap,ilotted  box,  strength
                           350 psi, outer naps overlap full length of hx;
                           Inner  flaps meet IB center. Style SFF

                                                         23-1/2x15x15"     BD(15)
                           Ootiato wafted OOJT If wwtfwr ntMmt
                           Half-slotted  box with removable  cover,
                           stapled JolDts.no naps on top. Style  HSC

                                                39-3/16x23-3/16x16-5/16-
                           Refular slotted box, burst strength 275 pal.
                           4 naps top and bottom. Style RSC

                                                            16x15x24"
Regular slotted  box, burst strength 350 psi.
4 naps lop and  bottom. Style RSC

                                 23 x 19 x 10"     BD (10)

                                 33x16x22"     BD(10)

                                 39x13x13"     BD(tO)
Regular slotted box, burst strength 500 pal
4 naps top and bottom. Styk RSC

                                  41x15x19-     BD(10)
                          Regular  slotted  box, bunt Strength 600  psL
                          4 naps top  and bottom. Style RSC domestic

                                                            26x21x21"
                          Regular slotted  box, burst strength 500  psl.
                          Telescoping cover ttts over bottom.
                          Joints overlapped and ttapkd^tyle FTC

                                                           22x22x36"     BD(10)

                                                            37 x 18 x 7"     BD (10)

                                                      51 x 12-1/2 x 9-1/2"     BD(10)
                          Single walled  box for  exterior overseas shpg
                          ctnrs;  weather resistant  class.

                          Regular slotted box, burst strength 175 psi.
                          4 flaps top and bottom. Style  RSC

                                    	         	3 x 3 x 2-1/2"     BD (25)
                                                                EA        S3.88   8115-00-194-2518   «
                                                                BD       $42.23   8115-00-682-6820   «
                                                                BD       $41.65  8115-00-179-0550
                                                               EA        SS.83  8115-00-142-9627  «
                                                               EA        $1.78  8115-01-015-4241
                                                                                          BD       $18.78  8115-00-139-0722  «

                                                                                          BD       $45.61  81IS-00-139-0691  «

                                                                                          BD       $32.41  8115-00-139-0706  «
                                                                                         BD       S39.51  8115-00-139-0749
                                                               EA       $5.32  8115-01-015-4994   c
                                                               BD      S58.64  8115-00-139-0652   «

                                                               BD      $42.71  8115-00-139-0673   «

                                                               BD      $61.95  8115-00-139-0689   «
                                                               BD	S7.66  811S-00-20D-6961

-------
{CORRUGATED />'<^|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
5x5x5-
6x4x4"
6x4x8"
6x6x6"
6x6x8"
8x4x4"
Regular slotted box, burst strength 275 psl.
4 Haps top and bottom. Style RSC
8x8x6"
8x8x8"
8 x 8 x 10"
9x6x6"
10x6x4"
10x8x6-
10x10x8"
10-3/4x8x4"
11-1/4x8-3/4x3-
11-1/4x8-3/4x4-
11-1/4x8-3/4x6"
11-1/4x8-3/4x7"
11-1/4x8-3/4x10"
11-1/4x8-3/4x12"
11-1/4x8-3/4x18"
Regular slotted box, burst strength 400 psl.
4 naps top and bottom. Style RSC
4x4x12"
4x4x16"
6 x 6 x 24"
8x6x6"
8x8x12"
8 x 8 x 16"
8 x 8 x 24"
9 x 6-1/2 x 32"
10x10x10"
10x10x16"
10x10x20"
11 xll xll"
11-1/4x8-3/4x12"
1 1-1/4 x 8- 3/4 x 18"
Pate 13
BD(25)
BD(25)
BO (25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)

BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD{25)
BD(25)
80(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BO (25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD{25)
BD(25)

BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD<15)
BD(15)
BD(25)
BD(2S)
BD(15)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(15)
BD
BD
BD
BO
BD
BD

BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD

BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
$4.32
$4.32
$5.24
$4.66
$7.44
$4.23

$7.68
$8.03
$10.10
$6.46
$6.28
$8.27
S1 1.40
S9.12
$8.07
$9.06
$9.93
$10.36
$12.20
$13.30
$18.85

$8.90
$10.04
$16.91
$8.13
$14.17
$17.03
$11.30
$18.07
$15.26
$21.67
$17.41
$23.24
$17.52
$13.87
%
8115-00-18&-9504 m
8115-00-183-9505 JO
8115-00-190-4888 JO
8115-00-183-9503 JO
8115-00- 52<
8115-00-18-

hl617 JO
-9500 JO

8115-00-183-9501 «
8115-00-183-9498 «
8115-00-183
8115-00-190
8115-00-183
9499 «
-4950 «
•9496 jo
8115-00-183-9497 «
8115-00-183-9494 «
8115-01-011
8115-01-011
>-3634 jo
3617 jo
8115-01-012r5003 «
8115-01-011-3621 «
8115-01-011
•3620 «
8115-01-017.6054 «
8115-01-011
8115-01-011

3619 «
3623 JO

8115-00-418-4660 «
8115-00-20&
6954 jo
8115-00-19oJ4921 Jo
8115-00-281-3877 «
8115-00-281-3882 «
8115-00-190-4936 43
8115-00-417J9442 «
i
8115-00-190
4858 JO
8115-00-190-4959 40
8115-00-417-9414 jo
8115-00-417-9412 «
8115-00-417
8115-00-190
8115-00-190
-9406 JO
4968 JO
4969 JO

-------
CORRUGATED BOX
Use as exterior overseas shipping container,
sin?l« wall, weather reslstant.rolded Hat
K flotted box, strength 275 ptl. Style RSC
12 x 6 x 12"
12x8x8"
12x9x3"
12x9x4"
12x9x5"
12x9x6"
12x9x7"
12x9x8"
12x9x10"
12x9-1/2x5"
16x10x12"
16x16x30"
18x8x10-1/2"
18-1/8x10-3/8x6-7/8"
18-1/2x12-1/2x10-1/2"
22-5/8x10x16"
44 x 6 x 4"
Reg slotted box. *tr«Bftfa 40* ptl.Slyk RSC
12 x 4 x 4"
12 x 8 x 6"
12x10x10"
12x12x6"
12x12x8"
12x12x10"
12x12x12"
12x12x16"
12x12x20"
12x12x24"
12 x 12 x 30"
12-1/2x9-5/8x6"
14x8x6"
14x12x8"
14 x 14x12"
14x14x18"
14 x 14 x 24"
14 x 14 x 29"
Pitt 14 15x15x10"

BD(25)
BO (25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(IS)
BD(25)
BD(15)
BD(25)
BD(15)
BD(15)

BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(15)
BO (10)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD(I5)
BD (10)
60(25)

BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD

BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BO
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD

$13.65
$10.33
$9.39
$9.91
$10.90
$10.77
$11.03
$12.87
$17.10
$10.75
$20.57
$2944
$16.93
$10.03
$22.98
$18.02
$13.61

$8.78
$12.67
$17.47
$16.83
$18.95
$20.19
$21.28
$27.62
$32.17
$22.67
$17.34
$14.39
$14.37
$20.94
$26.90
$34.94
$24.99
$21.70
S28.40
W
.
8115-00-190-4974 40
8115-01-024-5962 «o
8115-01-011-3629 «
8115-01-011-3628 «
8115-01-011-3627 40
8115-01-011-3626 «
8115-01-011-3625 «
8115-01-012-3958 «
8115-01-012-5004 «
8115-00-255-1346 «
8115-00-190-4863 «
8115-00-190-4864 40
8115-00-292-0724 «
8115-OI-024-5962 «
8115-01-011-3618 40
.
81 15-00-1 90-4865 JJM
8115-00-190-5053^^

8115-00-281-3886 40
8115-00-281-3889 40
8115-00-176-8062 40
81 15-00-229-9 J40 «
8115-00-417-9378 «
8115-00-183-9490 «
i
811 5-00- 1HJW491 40
1
81 15-00-4 1X-405J «
81 15-00-4 18.4KV, «
811 5-00-4 H 4h" *
81 15-00-4 1 X 4M4 40
81 15-00- «: i :*'4 «
8115-00-r- -':» ••
8115-00 •• -i«« .
8115-00 ;•• •>'* £^
8115-004" .-; ^P
8115-004!- . - .
siii-oo:-; > .
8115-00 4-- . . .

-------

41 EBIHBiBBgfl/fl
'"




16x12x8"
16x12x12"
16x14x12"
16x16x12"
16x16x16"
16x16x24"
i 16-1/2 x 12-1/2 x 10-3/4"
! 18 x 13 x 10"
18x15x15"








fA
"^



















18x18x12"
18x18x18"
18x18x36"
18-3/4x12-1/4x12"
20 x 8 x 9"
20 x 16 x 16"
20x20x3-1/2"
20 x 20 x 12"
20 x 20 x 20"
21x21x20-1/2"
22 x 22 x 12"
24 x 14 x 24"
24 x 16 x 12"
24 x 16 x 16"
24x20x16"
24x24x10"
24x24x12"
24x24x24"
24 x 24 x 32"
25 x 21 x 15-1/4-
26 x 16 x 19"
26 x 18 x 26"
27x21-1/2x18-3/4"
29-1/2x19-1/2x19-1/4"
30x12x6"
30x16x16"
30 x 17 x 12"
32x12x14"
36x14x14"
40 x 20 X 12"
f«« 15 48x12x12-

BD(25)
BD(25)
ED (25)
BD(2S)
BDC25)
BD(25)
BD(2S)
BD(25)
BD(15)
BD(15)
BD(15)
BD<3)
BD(15)
BD(15)
BD(15)
BD(15)
BD(15)
BD(10)
BD(15)
BD(5)
BD(5)
BD(1S)
BD(5)
BD(1S)
BD(10)
BD{15)
BD{3)
BD (10)
BD(10)
BD(25)
BD (10)
BD(9)
BD(10)
BD(15)
BD(5)
BD (10)

BD (10)


BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
EA
BD
EA
EA



$21.18 8115-00-183-9487 «
$26.02 8115-00-176-8064 40
$29.55 8115-00-183-9484 «o
$33.54 8115-00-451-7853 «
$36.40 8115-00-190-5002 «
$53.42 8115-00-165-6599 40
$28.83 8115-00-579-9153 40
$30.40 8115-00-190-5007 40
$23.16 8115-00-417-9292 «
$23.03 8115-00-183-9482 40
$29.35 8115-00-428-4185 40
$10.50 8115-00-953-0275 «
$17.43 8115-00-514-2409 40
$11.64 8115-00-190-5012 «
$25.15 8115-00-275-5777 «
$25.01 8115-00-201-1123 40
$29.00 8115-00-428-4183 40
$23.04 8115-00-428-4158 «
$45.30 8115-00-598-5807 «
$11.79 8115-00-4J8-4145 «
$13.23 8115-00-190-4995 «
$23.77 8115-00-1
$9.46 8115-00-2
$35.91 8115-00-4
$23.39 8115-00-4
$38.82 8115-00-1
53-9481 «
12-0123 40
7-9236 40
18-4124 40
l
M-2354 40
$10.20 8115-00-4JI7.9416 «
$42.31 8115-00-985-731; 40 1
$29.02 8115-00-5^9 9155 40
$57.03 8115-00- ir >)5:9 40
$31.54 8115-00-IUO-5011 *
$29.05 8115-00-6
<*v09i: « '
$29.43 81!5-00-<-«•!* «
$11.79 81 15 on:
$21.13 811S«V'
$14.79 8115 fn «
$20.33 8115-i>'
$3.58 8115-01
$2.04 8115-01

c ;:M c
...-» .
* «;« r
j t -" r
" " -4^*4 *'
•«;-•' r

-------
CORKVGATED RO\
51 x 29 x 23"
36x34x24"
One piece folder box, burst strength
275 psl. Style OFF
10-3/4 x 8 x 3"
Full telescope box, strength 400 psl.
Style FTC
30x23x4-
39x7x7-
Cenler, spec slotted box, strength 400 psl,
Style CSSC.
12x12x14"
26 x 26 x 18"
For use as exterior overseas shipping ctnr,
weather resistant box, corrugated flberbrd,
double wall constr, cones folded flat
Reg slotted box, strength 600 pti Style RSC
23-1/2 x 19-1/2 xir
39- 1/2x23-1/2 x 17"
39-1/2x35x23-1/2"
47-1/2 x 39-1/2 x3r
Regular slotted box
48x40x36-
Us« this weatncr-reslstant box of corrugated
flbcrboard for shipping or storage under
extreme weather cood and high humidity.
Trlple.wall constr ,hl-sUcklng strength,
bursting strgth 1100 pal.
Regular-slotted bx, printed w/legend shown
In DGSC drawing «5C2f,Rev A.Style RSC
42x28x32-1/2"
Regular slotted box, Style RSC
17x13x10-1/2"
17 x 15 x 16"
21x19x14-3/4"
21 * 21 x 10-3/4"
22x14x22"
22 x 21 x 26-
22x22x11"
23 x 23 x23"
Pat* It 24x11-1/2x11-3/4"



BD(25)
BD(15)
BD(15)

BD(25)
BD(7)


BD(5)
BD(5)
BD(3)
BD(S)






BD<9)
BD(6)
BD(4)
BD(4)
BD(5)
BDC3)
BD(4)
BD{3)
BDHI
EA
EA

BD
BD
BD

BD
BD


BD
BD
BD
BD

EA


EA

BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
$6.26
$7.78

$9.28
$33.03
$32.46

$31.07
$25.75


$17.42
$35.37
$45.65
$69.66

$14.86


$12.95

$32.17
$26.55
$20.92
$22.78
S27.35
$23.60
$21.66
$21.04
$2568
i
8115-01-010-4655
8115-01-010-4657

8115-01-015-3955
8115-00-222-3022
8115-01-012-9070

8115-00-285-1116
81 15-00-190- 501 5


8115-01-019-0766
8115-01-019-0767
8115-01-019-0768
8115-01-019-0770

8115-00-360-2858


8115-00-726-0673

8115-00-616-9153
8115-00-616-9152
8115-00-616-9150
8115-00-616-9149
8115-00-579-8405
8115-00-559-9995
8115-00-579-8406
8115-00-579-8407
8115-00-616-9148
inT
40
40

40
40
40

40
40

d*
m
40
40
40

40


40

40
«
40
40 !
i
dl
V
40 :
"1
40 '

-------
••••••••••••II
*













£1
^F











it

24x24x14-3/4" BD(3) BD $19.41 8115-00-616-9151 «
27x19x14-3/4" BD(4) BD $22.63 8115-00416-9147 «
30x30x30" BD(3) BD $37.03 8115-00-993-2791 c
38x14x20" BD(3) BD $18.17 8115-00-57*8461 «
40x28x28" BD(3) BD $37.68 8115-00-993.2790 «
43x17x8-1/2" BD(4) BD $26.06 8115-00-559-9997 «
43x22x34" BD(2) BD $26.07 8115-00-559-9998 «
43-1/2x18-1/2x13" BD(3) BD $23.05 8115-00-616-9154 «
45x14x22" BD(3) BD $23.01 8115-00-559.5516 «
45x22x22" BD<2) BD $21.62 8115-00-5599999 «
46x46x22" EA $21.05 8115-00-559-9996 «
48x40x36" EA $19.57 8115-00-774-6562 «
Hair-refular-sloU»d box^bort top flaps and
cover. Side of box reads "REUSABLE
CONTAINER RETURN TO:." i
40X24X36" EA $18.36 8H5-00-887-J8112 «
46-7/8X38-7/8X26" EA $19.35 8! 15-00-926-4886 «
46-7/8X38-7/8X36 EA $21.36 8115-00-926-4887 «
46-7/8X38-7/8X42" EA $24.15 8115-00-926-4888 «
47-1/2 X 39-1/2 X 35-1/2" EA $23.00 8115-00-953-0276 c
48X40X36" EA $21.58 8115-00-935-1140 «
Half-rcgular-slotted box^bort top flaps and
cover. SMe of box reads "Box, Modular la-
termodal container system , NSN,
Series 2£lxe B,Do Not Use Wllbout Palkt."
46-7/8 x3«-7/8x 15-13/16" EA $19.27 81 15-00- 142-9594 «
i
Half-ret slotted box bas abort top
flaps and cover.
48x40x28-1/4- EA $20.70 8115-00-782-1695 «
60-1/2x34-1/4x29" EA $32.30 8115-00-163-7923 «
Corriifated,flberboard box, double wall
construction nl|b strength. Weather
resistant, folded flat.
Regular-slotted box. Styk RSC
18x14x14" EA $2.82 81 15-00-926-4893 «
Half-slotted box. Style RSC
46-7/8 x 38-7/8 x 26" EA $16.20 8115-00-926-4895 «
46-7/8x38-7/8x36" EA $18.52 8115-00-926-4896 «
46-7/8x38-7/1x42" EA $18.88 8115-00-926-4897 «
Ftat 17

-------
CORRUGATED
                            Weather reslstanMorrugated, flberboard box.
                            Use as exterior  shipping container or M
                            »o Insert In cargo transporters sucfa at
                            CONEX.SEAVAN or MO.VAN. Does  not
                            Include pallets.
                            Double  wall  cooslr  .regular slotted
                                                        29 x 31-3/4 x 14-3/4"
                                                        29x31-3/4x35-1/4"
                                                        43x31-3/4x35-1/4"
                                                           58x43x35-1/4"

                            Features triple-wall construction
                            Regular slotted  box
                                                        29 x 31-3/4* 14-3/4"
                                                        29x31-3/4x35-1/4"
                                                        43x31-3/4x35-1/4"
                                                        57x31-3/4*35-1/4-
                                                           58x43x35-1/4"
                                                        86x31-3/4x35-1/4"
                            Half-slotted  box
                                                        44x31-1/2x27-3/8"
                                                           57 x 32 x 27-3/8-
                            Corrugated.flberboard box  for  domestic
                            and oversea* consolidated shipment of
                            aircraft parts, general supplies  and equip.
                            Weather-resistant  box comes  knocked down
                            Double-wall const & sleeve  w/double cover
                                                           23x18-1/2x15"
                                                           23x18-1/2x29"
                                                              40 x 23 x 29"

                            Triple  wall construction
                            Sleeve  has double cover
                                                    39-1/2x22-1/2x28-1/4"
                                                        47-1/2x39-1/2x28"
                                                        47-1/2 x 39-1/2 x 28"
                                                              83 x 49 x 28"
                            Corrugatcd,nbcrboard box In flat form
                            Is half slotted, w/delacnable cover that Is
                            11" deep. Full telescopic  box for
                            domestic  use.
                                                              56x16x1!"
               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA

               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA
               EA
BD (10)
BD
          $10.38   8115-00-935-5902  «
          S12.61   8115-00-935-5897  «
          S13.93   8115-00-935-5896  «
          $24.56   8115-00-935-5898  «
           $9.15  8115-00-935-6514   «
          $12.76  8115-00-935-5907   «
          $15.44  8115-00-935-5906   «
          $18.99  8115-00-935-5905   «
          $24.94  8115-00-935-6510   «
          $26.37  8115-00-935-5904   «


          $15.75  8115-00-753-4690
          $17.73  8115-00-753-469!   «
$57.53  8115-00-139-0690
                                                                                                                       Fagt
          $8.17  8115-00-901-6432   «
          $4.87  8115-00-901-6431   «
          $9.39  8115-00-901-6429   «
         $14.48  8115-00-905 -6433   «
         $21.58  8115-00-901-6434   «
         $18.77  8115-00-901-6435   «
         $37.75  8115-00-901-6428   *

-------
FIBEKBOAKD  BOX
                       Solid fiberboard  box Is weather resistant.

                       Reg-slotted  box, burst 400 ptl. Style RSC
                                                          8x8x4"
                                                   11-1/4x8-3/4x12"
                                                 18-5/8x12-3/8x14"
                                                        20 x 15 x 7"
                                                       24 x 24 x 24"
                                                       26xl8x30~
                                                       26 x 20 x 10"
                       Full-overlap box, burst 400 psl. Style FOL
                                                         18x6x6"
                                                       20x20x20"
                       Full telescope  box,  burst 550 psl. Style FTC
                                                       23x17x10"
                       Domestic  one-piece folder.burst 125 ptl.
                       W/outer Haps  4-3/4" scored every 1/2"
                                                      10-1/4x9x3"
BD(25)
BD(25)
BD (10)
BD (10)
BD(4)
BD(4)
BD(6)
BD(25)
BD(4)
BD(5)
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
S34.19
$89.91
$52.56
$48.55
$49.80
$53.53
S7608
$53.98
$76.08
$63.63
811 5-00- 2B-1 -3878 «
8115-00-5
8115-00-1
15-2045 «
13-9461 «
8115-00-190-5056 «
8115-00-515-2130 «
8115-00-183-9458 «
8115-00-183-9459 «
81 15-00-2$! -3892 «
8115-00-2!
1-3896 «
8115-00-255-1343 «
BD(25)
BD
S31.65  8115-00-782-4004








•


Solid flbcrboard box,weather rnlstaot and
burst strength 400 pil;folded Hat, full
overlap,with liner. Style FOL-L.
33-1/4x14x13- BD(4) BD $42.83 8115-00-11
For pretervlni, bandllng, shlpptni and
storing serviceable and repairable ItesM
Corrugated, weather resistant, flberboard
box w/ cushioning Is reusable.
13-9401 «

Vertical star pack holds metei%faoges
instruments and similar Items.
NIB /NISH Mandatory Source.
6x6x10" EA $3.43 8115-00-192-1603 «
8x8x12" EA $3.63 8115-00-192-1604 «
10x10x12" EA $7.64 8115-00-192-1605 «
12x12x14" EA $7.08 81l5-00-l}4-3655 «
12x12x18" EA $8.77 81 15-00-050-5237 «
14x14x16" EA $10.32 8115-00-134-3656 «
Folded,convotuled pk^or flat Items such as
circuit boards,electronlc modules and tubes.
Modified triple slide style.
NIB /NISH Mandatory Source.
6xSx 2-1/2" EA $2.11 8115-00-787-2142 «
6x5x3-1/2" EA $181 8115-00-787-2147 «
9x6x2-1/2" EA $2.92 8115-00-1
/Wt , 9x6x3-1/2" EA $2.93 8115-00-1

11-7647 «
11-7638 «

-------
FIBEKBOAKD BOX
10x10x3-1/2"
12x8x2-1/2"
12x8x3-1/2"
13x13x3-1/2"
16x16x3-1/2"
18x12x2-1/2"
18x12x3-1/2"
24x16x3-1/2"
Telescoping encapsulated packs for black
box type Items; I.e., receiver-transmitters,
arapliners,power tupply.etc. Full telescope
style comes with cover.
20x14x9"
24 x 14 x 14"
24x18x16"
25x14x14"
26x9x9"
30 x 16 x 14"
30 x 27 x 14"
32 x 18 x 16"
34x24x18"
Horizontal star pack for electrical-electronic
Items w/small cross section relative to
length; I.e., control generators and
amplifiers. Doable cover container
bursting strength 400 psi
20x14x14"
22x16x16"
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA

EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA

EA
EA
$5.31 8115-01-057-124^^
$4.10 8115-00-787-2146 «
$4.36 8115-00-787-2H8 «
$7.52 8115-01-057-1243 «
$10.63 8115-01-057-1245 «
$6.64 8115-01-019-4085 «0
$7.65 8115-01-019-4084 «
$12.56 8115-01-093-3730 «

$7.96 8115-00-516-0251 «
S14.01 8115-00-550-3558 «
$18.12 8115-01-015-1312 «
$16.38 8115-00-550-3574 «
$7.43 8115-01-015-1313 «
$17.81 8115-00-S16-024^^>
$33.35 81l5-01-094-6SflB
$26.01 8115-01-015-1315 «
S34.70 8115-01-015-1314 «o

S16.06 8115-01-010-8956 «
$20.03 8115-01-006-7257 «
CORRUGATED FJBERBO\RD SHEET InnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnBI
Used In the fabrication of boxes for domestic
or Interior use. Sheet is single wall
two faces of llnernonrd and filler and
has bursting strength of 275 psi dry.
Sheet has 33-39 or 39-45 flutes per tin ft
36 x 60" Natural
96 x 60" Natural
60 x 80" Natural
48 x 96" Natural
Pan 20


SH
SH
SH
SH


$1.19 8135-00-281-3923 «
S3.27 8135-00-290-663^^
$2.62 8135-00-251-8022^^
$2.44 8135-00-664-4092 «

-------
CVKRUGATEDFIBERBOARD SHEET •gigHgig^g^lg^HHg^EJ
'•" • 	 •" '•••• i««i« 	 ••- 	 	 >H>w*««*BHBBH^^^^^^^^vv«*«*««v««««OT^nM*BmHHnnMMHninnnHHHisinBnssMwi
Use this weatber-reslstant,corrugatcd
flberboard sheet to fabricate boxes for
overseas shipping and other uses
Single wall sheet consists of 2 faces of
liacr board and filler
Sbeet has 3945 or 47-53 flutes per Ha ft,
burst strength of 275 psl dry and 100 psl wet
36x120"
60x96"
72x72"
72 x 120-
Sheet has 3945 or 47-53 flutes per lln ft,
burst strength 400 psl dry,150 psl wet
36x84"
36x120-
48»72"
48x96"
60x80*
60x96"
72x72"
72x96"
72x120



Natunl
Natunl
Natural
Natunl

Natural
Natunl
Natunl
Natunl
Natural
Natural
Natural
Natnnl
Naatnnl



SH
SH
SH
SH

SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH
SH



$2.22
$2.89
$2.69
$4.24

$1.62
$2.42
$2.03
$2.61
SZ77
$3.28
$3.26
$4.11
$4.94









8135-00-281-4121 40
8135-00-281-5105 40
8135-00-28U5106 «
8135-00-28H5107

8135-00-281
8135-00-281

4112
4113
8135-00-240t8226
8135-00-132*9067
8135-00-251-
801?
8135-00-281-4115
8135-00-281-4117
40

40
«
40
40
40
40
40
8135-00-664-1384 «
8135-00-281-4118
40
 Sheet  has 39-45 flutes per lln ft,
 hurst  strength of 400 psl dry, 150 pat wet
                                       26x76"
Natural
SH
$1.06  8135-01-256-1108   «
Sbeet has  39-53 flutes  per  lln ft. and
burst strength 400 psl  dry, 150 pal wet
                                      48 x 120"
Natunl
SH
$3.30  8135-00-013-8961   40
Sbeet has 47-53 flutes per lln ft and
burst strength 400 psi dry, 150 psl wet
                                      26x76-
                                      32x84"
                                     58x110-
                                     78x108"
Natunl
Nwttml
Natnnl
Natanl
SH
SH
SH
SH
$1.32  8135-00-240-0230   40
$1.65  813540-240-8227   «
$3.77  8135-00-240-8224   40
$6.37  8135-00-132-9065   *
Double-wall sheet ;  3 faces of Itoerboard
and 2  layers of filler.  Sheet  has hunting
strength  of MO  psl dry and 300  psl wet
                                     75.1M-     Natunl
              _2L
          $9.47  8135-00-926-4907   40 I

-------
      CORKVGA TEI)MRERUO.\RJ>  SHEET
 Triple wall sheet consist*
 llncrboard and 3 layers r
 bursting strength of llfr:
                                                    4 faces at
                                                   iller. Sheet baa
                                                            75x120"
                                                Kttml
SH       $17.00  8135-00-926-4908   «
                 SOLIDFIKERROA K/>  SliELT
                         U*e this weatbcr-rcslstaaMolld  pulp
                         flberboard ibect to fabricate boms for
                         overseas shipping and otter use*.

                         Sheet has a butt strength 400 pal dry,
                         150 psl wet.
                         Sheet has bunt strength 500 pal dry
                         500 ptl wet
                                                             60x80"
                                                             48x96"
                                                             SH        $6.20  8135-00-251-8018   «
                                                             SH       $1X12  8135-00-926-2105   «
  sr/irn\G RAG
                         Water-resitUBt thlppinc ba
                         packafloi item wtighftai up to II Ib.
                         Protect! pobllcatkNM, •tall parts and other
                         articles durinf •alUaf and haBdilaf.  Doable

                         short side.

                         Cushioned envelope has paddlnf of
                         macerated paper. Openhi| CM fee fined,
                         stapled or taped  dosed.
                                                              6*10"

                                                           7-1/4x12"

                                                           8-1/2 xir

                                                        9-lflx 14-1/2"

                                                          10-1/2x16"

                                                          14-1/4 x 20"
                                               BD(SOO)

                                               BD(2SO)
                                               BX(50)
WILDLAXD  GEAR
 TOILET BOWL LINER
Disposable liner of waxed paper, used with
electrical-type, Immediate  consnmlni  waste
material toilets In moMk trailers at
ground  commulcaUon  fadllUcs.
BD
BD
HD
HD
HD
HD
BX
$34.38
$18.41
$9.92
$11.38
$13.94
S16.ll
$12.96
8105-00-498-6619
8105-00-2900340
8105-00-290-0342
8105-00-290-0343
8105-00-281-1168
8105-00-281-1436
8105-00-281-1169
s
5
J
5
5
J
5
                                                             12x18"    BXOOO)
                                                             BX
        $31.02  8105-00-137-1613
                                                                                                                   22

-------
FEDERAL SUPPLY SCHEDULES (FSS)
In addition to the stack items listed in this guide, GSA also provides products made from recycled
materials under our Federal Supply Schedule Program. Four different areas are covered here:
RETREAD TIRES
- FSS 26, PART /// (Pneumatic Tires and Inner Tubes)
This Federal Supply Schedule contains both new and retread tires. In accordance with the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Ac/, the Environmental Protection Agency developed and issued the
"Guideline for the Federal Procurement of Retread Tires," which went into effect November 17Jl 89.
The intent of Ms mandate is to retard the growth of scrap tires in the United States, and the resulting
environmental problems these tires came, until a long-term solution for proper disposal can be
obtained. All government agencies are required to purchase a retread tire in Ueu of a new tire unless
there is a valid justification for the purchase of a new tire. All new and retread tires in this
schedule have undergone extensive qualified products list (QPL) testing to assure the utmost level
of safety and quality of (he tires furnished to government users. This testing exceeds DOT
requirements for both new and retread tires to be marketed in the United States.
\ ENVELOPES
- FSS 75, PART V (Office Supplies)
This schedule offers more than 100 items • most of which contain 50% recycled content material.

Envelopes available from this schedule meet most government mailing needs from savings bond
envelopes with windows to first class green diamond border envelopes for larger mail pieces.
Pate 23

-------
RECYCLED XEROGRAPHIC PAPER
Federal Supply Schedule FSC 75, Part X, now has available in limited quantities xerographic paper with
recycled content. The paper size Witt be 8-1/2" x 11" (NSN 7530-01-335-2623) and 8-1/2 " x 14"
(NSN 7530-01-334-7817) in white only. The quantity order for this recycled copy paper will be 10 cartons
minimum and up to 880 cartons maximum.

This paper contains 50% wastepaper recovered materials and is available in the same zonal regions as in
the non-recycled Xerographic Paper with the exception of Puerto Rico. GSA plans to have limited
coverage in both Hawaii and Alaska.

The contractors will do their utmost to meet your needs in fulfUUng orders on recycled Xerographic
Paper. However, quantities will be limited during the contract period, so please plan accordingly. GSA
is confident that production capacity for recycled Xerographic Paper will increase steadily and will
eventually be applicable to all remaining Xerographic Paper under this single award schedule during
future contract periods.
CdflttCC? AfMm^lJMf Cfrlft
, FTS 264-2697 tr COM (212) 264.1697
EASY ORDERING SYSTEM
This Paper is now also available through FEDSTRlPfMILSTRIP by sending orders to the Office
Supplies and Paper Products Commodity Center (2FY), 26 Federal Plaza, New York, NY 10278.

Domestic Federal agencies now have the option of submitting their requirements for Xerographic
Paper to GSA for direct placement of orders, making ordering much easier!

This move virtually eliminates all your paperwork and administration because the Commodity Center
will handle everything: place orders, monitor delivery, process payments, and resolve any
administrative problems. Should a shipment discrepancy arise, FSS will handle that also. The small
fee (2%) that GSA charges to process these orders should be more than recovered by reduced
paperwork.

To order, use normal requisition channels, FEDSTRIP or MILSTR1P: no calls to vendors, no
purchase order, nofoOowup, no concern about vendor's prompt payment requirement. One
requisition will do it all

Standard AOA MILSTRIP/FEDSTRIP transactions can be submitted through your regular channels
or keyed directly into MUFFIN requisition system. Contact Rick Walton at FTS 557-0977 or COM
(703) 557-0977.
«*:
Page 24

-------
       TONER CARTRIDGES -   New Item Introductory Schedule  \
        Recharged and remanufactured toner cartridges are currently available nationwide under fourteen
        contracts.  Information on these contracts will be contained in the 1991NIIS Catalog. We are
        listing basic contract data below for your convenience.

        The advantages to using these products and services are twofold • to prevent and reduce plastics
       from entering the waste stream and to make cartridges available at significantly lower prices -
        typically 40 • 50% over new cartridges. These cartridges fit various copiers and lazer printers
        used with personal computers.
Contractor:      Cartridge Technology Network, Inc.
               572 Hendon Parkway. Suite F
               Hendon, VA 22070-5325
               Saundra Luck^	  ,._  (703) 318-0500
                                    1^00-767-0160

               Contract No.: GS-OOF-09809
               Special turn No.: NIS-G421S
               Period; January 1,1990 • December 31,1992

Contractor:      Grapn-Com-Corp
               2200 Norcroa Parkway, Smite 235
               Norcrou, GA 30071-3670
               TriciaRutUdge	 (404)4484030
                                    1^00-868^333

               Contract No.: GS-OOF-2707A
               Special Item No.: NIS-G-0248
               Period: July 1J990 - June 30,1993

C tntractor:      Act tt* Computer Products, I Me.
               832 Pkoenix Drive
               Ann Arbor, Ml 48108
               SkirleyWeatkerwax	 (313)677^000
              Contract No^ GS-OOF-2708A
              SpftiallUmNo.: NIS-G-0243
              Period: July 1J990 - Jmiu 30, 1993

Contractor:     Lour Lift, Inc.
              401 CtMtr Street, Smile 101
              Mouat Airy, MD 21771
Darid Joint
                                    (301) 2944963
               CoiarattNo.: GS-OOF-2709A
               Special Item No^ NIS-G-021I
               Period. July 1J990 • Juiu 30 , 1993
                                            Contractor:
                                            Contractor:
                                            Contractor:
                                            Contractor:
TCS, lite. (Total Computer Services, Inc.)
1101 King Street, Suite 601
Alexandria, VA 22314
Henry Walker	(703) 8*8-9277
                      1-800-673-8107
                                                           Contract No.: GS-OOF-2711A
                                                           Special Item No.: NlS-G-0244    \
                                                           Period: July 1.1990 • June 20.1993
Latertroniei, Inc.
6075 Roswett Road, N£., Suite 425
Atlanta, GA 30328
JameiLee-	     (404)250-9797
Contract No; GS-OOF-27I3A
Special Item No.: NlS-G-0239; 0240; 0241
Period: October 1J990 - September 30,1993

Blake Enterprises
21S4A Nortk Main Street
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Lome K. Eytel	(415) 939-1718
                      1-800-888-1718

Contract No-- GS-OOF-2714A
Special Item No.: NlS-Q-0263
Period: October 1J990 - September \0.1993

American Laser Products, Inc.
900-B East Miracle Mile
MeAOen, TX 78501
Sid Hooper	      (512) 6«6-7JOJ

Contract No.: GS-OOF-271M
Special Item No.: NK-G-0261
Period: October 1J990 - September It). IV9J
                        at* c«
                                     m mat JVMMI - CM r»
                                                                  i tiii^nrj, m rmi sir-ut*
                                                                                             Page 2*

-------
           TONER  CARTRIDGES -  Continued
Contractor:
Contractor:
Contractor:
Laser Villa*
PJO. Bo* 487
Wilmington, N.C. 28406
M.BoAol  ______
                                     (191)343-1359)
                                     1-800-325-4573
               ConlrmctNo.: GS-OOF-4801A
               Special Item No^ NIS-Q-0292
               Period: Jammory 1,199J - December 31J993
(816) 753-0053
               1001 Wot Port Road
               KontotCoy.MO. 44111
               DaveBrya* -——.
Contract Ne~  GS-OOF-4808A
5f«ciolIUmNo^ NIS-C-0243
Ptrlot: April 1, 1991 - Monk 31, 1994

TontrEtctttro,lnc
219 WoitRomi
PortsmomA,NU 03U1
               Confmetffo-- GS-OOF-4811A
               SpctimllUmNo^ NK-Q^MS
               Ptriot: AfrUl, 1991 • Mank 31, 1994
                                                            Contractor:
                                             Contractor:
Conomtor:
               Tontr Service Co.
               6*27 SotO* Broadway
               St.Lomii,Mo. 63111
               Nojuy Leonora——..
                                                            (314)352-8667
                                                            Contract No- GS-OOF-4S07A
                                                            Special Item No.: NlS-Q-0284
                                                            Period: April 1,1991 - March 31,1994
               FKF Computer System*
                                                            Cobumoia,MD. 21045
                                                            Stephen W. Faulkner
                                     (301) 596-7707
                                      Contract No.: GS-OOF-C809A
                                      Special Item No.: NIS-Q4309
                                      Period: April 1,1991 - March 31,1994

                                      New Image of California
                                      2250 Galaxy Court , Suite E
                                      Concord, CA. 94520
                                      Joseph Jones	(415) 680-0668
                                                            Contract No^ GS-OOF-4813A
                                                            Special Item No^ NlS-Q-0259
                                                            Period: April 1,1991 - March 31,1994
                        CU
                                     mtmnm-em -cu r«

-------
Copies of this Guide may be obtained, without cost, from:.
General StrvicetAdministratio t
Centralized Mailing List Servia •
P.O. Box 6477
Ft. Worth, TX  76115

Comm    (817)334-5215
FTS          334-521$
MJTOVON    739-7369
                  Mailing Ust code RCPG-Q001

-------

-------
              APPENDIX B




RECYCLING SYMBOLS FOR VARIOUS MATERIALS

-------

-------
                          APPENDIX B




        RECYCLING SYMBOLS FOR VARIOUS MATERIALS
Symbols Deiifutiaf thai a Material ii Recydabk (left) or Made fron Recyckd Good* (rifht)
                              Paper
    Aluminum
Steel
Glass
  PCTf      HOM       V
                             Plastic

-------

-------
        APPENDIX C




BUILDING PROFILE CHECKLIST

-------

-------
                                   BUILDING PROFILE
BUILDING NAME:	
BUILDING ADDRESS:
                                           BUILDING NUMBER:
                                           CITY:	
1.      Is there a loading dock at this facility to
        accomodate the pickup of recyclables?

2.      What types of containers are used to hold
        solid waste for pickup?

3.      Is storage space available on the loading
        dock or in solid waste pickup areas to
        hold recyclable containers until pickup by
        Contractors?  How much space is
        available?

4.      Is the storage space sprinklered?
5.     Does facility have scales to weigh
       recyclables?
                                                    Yes
                                                    No

                                                    Dumpster
                                                    Compactor

                                                    Yes
                                                    No
                                                    Yes
                                                    No

                                                    Yes
                                                    No
7.
       How is cleaning performed?
Does custodial contract contain
requirements for removal?
                                                    Force Account
                                                    Contract
Yes
No
8.
If yes, what items are required to be
recycled?
       Paper   	
       Glass   	
       Plastic 	
       Newspaper
       Alum. Cans
       Other (Specify)
If the building is leased-lessor operated, the
following question should also be asked:
9.      I lessor willing to participate in a
       recycling program?
                                                     Yes
                                                     No
       If yes, list any special requirements.

-------

-------
           APPENDIX D



ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION

-------

-------
                         ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION
                                                                  -ces of additional ^rniatlon on
    with recycling of these material.        cwnl«'*o«vc list of all trade assoaations and publications concerned
   PAPER

   American Paper Institute
   260 Madison Avenue
   New York, New York 10016
   (212) 3404)600

   Publications.

   Fibre Market News
   156 5th Avenue
   New York, New York 10010

   Official Board Markets
   111 East Wacker Drive
   16th Floor
  Chicago, Illinois  60601

  Recycling Markets
  3505-111 Woodhead Drive
  Northbrook, Illinois 60062
  METALS

 The Aluminum Association
 900 19th Street, N.W.
 Washington, D.C 20006
 (202)862-5100 Phone
 (202)862-5164 Fax

 Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries. Inc
 1627 K Street, N.W.          ^^
 Washington, D.C. 20006
 (202)466-4050

Steel Can Recycling Institute
Foster  Plaza 10
680 Andersen Drive
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220
(800) 876-SCRI

-------

-------
Section 2.0
Recycling in Federal Offices:
Training Seminar for Program Coordinators

-------

-------
Section 2.1  Paper Copies of Slides and
             Talking Points

-------

-------
            RECYCLING IN FEDERAL OFFICES
     TRAINING SEMINAR FOR PROGRAM COORDINATORS
I.    THE BENEFITS OF SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING
II.    DESIGNATING A PROGRAM COORDINATOR
HI.   PERFORMING A WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS
IV.   PERFORMING A MERKET ANALYSIS
V.    ESTABLISHING A RECYLING CONTRACT
VL  SELECTING A COLLECTION SYSTEM
VH.  EDUCATING EMPLOYEES
   . PROGRAM MONITORING AND EVALUATION
IX.  PROGRAM MAINTENANCE

-------
THE BENEFITS OF SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING

-------
       THE BENEFITS OF SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING
•    In 1988, the U.S. generated 180 million tons of municipal solid waste

•    The Federal government is a large contributor to problems associated with solid
     waste

•    The Federal government can make a large contribution to solving the municipal
     solid waste problems

•    Office paper, aluminum, glass and plastic are all recyclable materials that can be
     recovered
AS A LARGE GENERATOR OF COMMERCIAL OFFICE WASTE - THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS OVER 2 MILLION EMPLOYEES - THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS A RESPONSIBILITY TO REDUCE ANIp
RECYCLE AS MUCH OF THIS WASTE AS POSSIBLE.  FEDERAL   T
OFFICES CAN EASILY RECYCLE MATERIALS SUCH AS PAPER,
ALUMINUM, GLASS AND PLASTIC TO HELP SOLVE THE NATIONAL
SOLID WASTE PROBLEM.

-------
      THE BENEFITS OF SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING
    The most common methods of waste management are:

        Landfilling
        Incineration
EXISTING METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL - LANDFILLING AND
INCINERATION - ARE BECOMING PROBLEMATIC IN SOME PARTS
OF THE COUNTRY. MANY LANDFILLS ARE REACHING THEIR
CAPACITY OR CLOSING, AND NEW LANDFILLS AND INCINERATORS
ARE INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT TO SITE.

EPA ESTIMATES THAT BY 1995 APPROXIMATELY HALF OF THE
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE SPACE IN LANDFILLS WILL BE FILLED.
ON TOP OF THIS, WASTE HAULING AND DISPOSAL FEES
CONTINUE TO INCREASE. CLEARLY, ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
TO WASTE MANAGEMENT ARE NEEDED.

-------

       THE BENEFITS OF SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING
    Two preferred options for dealing with the Nation's waste crisis:

    • Produce less waste (source reduction)
    - Recycle waste into new products

    When feasible, attempt source reduction first, then turn to recycling
TO ADDRESS THIS PROBLEM, EPA HAS ESTABLISHED AN
INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY THAT CONSIDERS
SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING TO BE PREFERABLE TO
LANDFILLING AND INCINERATION.

WHENEVER POSSIBLE, SOURCE REDUCTION SHOULD BE
CONSIDERED FIRST WHEN ADDRESSING A WASTE GENERATION
PROBLEM. IF SOURCE REDUCTION IS NOT FEASIBLE, RECYCLIN^
IS THE NEXT BEST MANAGEMENT METHOD.

-------
        THE BENEFITS OF SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCUNG
ECONOMICS:
     Reduces the charges incurred by your agency for the ever-increasing cost of waste
     hauling and disposal

     Potentially generates revenues from the sale of the materials
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION:

•    Saves disposal capacity by diverting waste from landfills

•    Reduces potential releases and/or pollution from waste management units

*    Potentially conserves natural resources by using less fuel, water and other
     resources in the manufacture of products made with recycled materials
THERE ARE MANY REASONS TO RECYCLE - ECONOMIC,
ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIAL.  IT IS THE RIGHT THING TO DO
AND NOW IS THE RIGHT TIME TO DO IT. YOUR OFFICE
RECYCLING PROGRAM SHOULD ACT AS A CATALYST TO OTHERS
WITHIN AND OUTSIDE OF YOUR AGENCY.

-------
                   SOURCE REDUCTION
Reducing or eliminating waste at the point of generation, rather than after it has been
created
BY SOURCE REDUCTION WE MEAN REDUCING OR ELIMINATING
WASTE AT THE POINT OF GENERATION - THAT IS, WHERE
SOMETHING IS MANUFACTURED OR USED FOR THE FIRST TIME,
SOURCE REDUCTION IS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH PRACTICES
SUCH AS USING FEWER MATERIALS, REUSING ITEMS AS MUCH AS
POSSIBLE, AND SUBSTITUTING LESS HARMFUL MATERIALS. BY
ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM EARLY ON, YOU CAN AVOID OR
REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF WASTE THAT YOU MUST DEAL WITH
LATER.

-------
                      SOURCE REDUCTION
     General Methods:

     - Reduce waste by not generating it in the first place
     - Reuse items as much as possible
     - Eliminate the use of unnecessary items
     - Economize  in your use of materials
     - Substitute less harmful or toxic materials for hazardous materials
     - Procure items that have long lifetimes and produce less or no waste
IN AN OFFICE ENVIRONMENT, SOURCE REDUCTION CAN BE
ACHIEVED BY INCORPORATING THESE OPERATING METHODS
INTO ORDINARY OFFICE TASKS. AVOID NEEDLESSLY CREATING
WASTE - ALWAYS TRY TO IMPROVE YOUR WORK HABITS TO
MINIMIZE THE AMOUNT OF WASTE YOU GENERATE.

-------
                        SOURCE REDUCTION
     Specific Practices:

     - Use two-sided copying as standard photocopying practice
     - Modify documents on-screen, rather than on printed drafts
     - Maximize use of voice mail and bulletin boards instead of writing paper memos
     - Reuse items such as transmittal envelopes, three-ring notebooks, binder clips,
       hanging files, etc.
     - Buy printers and copiers that have double-sided capabilities
     - Use old drafts as scratch sheets/note paper
THESE ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF SPECIFIC WAYS YOU CAN
PRACTICE SOURCE REDUCTION IN YOUR AGENCY. EACH ONE OF
US COULD THINK OF OTHER SOURCE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES
THAT APPLY TO OUR WORKPLACE.

-------
                        SOURCE REDUCTION
     Specific Practices (Continued):

     - Maximize use of renewable writing media (e.g, chalk boards and wipe boards)
     - Reuse non-recyclable packing materials or switch to
       recyclable packing materials
     - Purchase in bulk whenever possible to reduce packaging
     - Use ceramic coffee mugs rather than paper
     - Reuse laser printer cartridges by exchanging or selling them to the dealer to be
       refilled
WHILE THESE PRACTICES ARE NOT DIFFICULT OR COMPLICATED
TO IMPLEMENT, THEY HAVE A REAL IMPACT IN THE AMOUNT OF
WASTE PRODUCED IN AN OFFICE. EVERY SMALL CONTRIBUTION
TO WASTE REDUCTION COUNTS.
                                10

-------
                    SOURCE REDUCTION


•   Each of your daily activities is a potential waste generating practice

•   Incorporate source reduction thinking into everything that you do
SOURCE REDUCTION IS BEST APPROACHED AS AN INFORMAL
EDUCATIONAL EFFORT, RATHER THAN AS A STRUCTURED
PROGRAM. PROMOTE SOURCE REDUCTION BY EDUCATING
MANAGEMENT AND STAFF ABOUT WHAT THE CONCEPT MEANS,
AND HOW IT CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF WASTE WE GENERATE
IN THE OFFICE. TEACH PEOPLE HOW TO THINK "REDUCTION" AT
ALL TIMES TO AVOID THE WASTE PROBLEM IN THE FIRST PLACE.
                           11

-------
             SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING


•   Source reduction and recycling complement each other

•   Recycling programs should incorporate source reduction concepts and practices
SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING ARE NOT MUTUALLY
EXCLUSIVE IDEAS - THEY SHOULD OPERATE SIDE BY SIDE.
WHERE FEASIBLE, YOU SHOULD TRY TO PRACTICE SOURCE
REDUCTION FIRST.  IF SOURCE REDUCTION IS NOT POSSIBLE,
YOU SHOULD THEN TURN TO RECYCLING. YOUR AGENCY'S
OFFICE RECYCLING PROGRAM SHOULD PROMOTE SOURCE
REDUCTION AND RECYCLING AT THE SAME TIME. SOME WASTE
PROBLEMS ARE BETTER ADDRESSED THROUGH SOURCE
REDUCTION; OTHERS LEND THEMSELVES TO RECYCLING.
                          12

-------
        THE BENEFITS OF SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING


SOCIAL BENEFIT:

•    Demonstrate leadership and commitment by caring for the environmental quality
     of your (the) community

•    Contribute to state, local, or community source reduction and recycling goals

•    Protect the quality of life for future generations
BY SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENTING YOUR OWN PROGRAM, YOU
WILL SHOW OTHERS THE BENEFITS OF RECYCLING.
                               13

-------
    PROCUREMENT-AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF SOURCE REDUCTION
Procurement is an important aspect of source reduction and recycling because:

     •    Our ability to reduce, reuse, and recycle is dependent upon the materials
          with which we are working

     •    Our purchasing practices and the design of the products we buy contribute
          to the amount of waste generated in the office

     •    There must be a market for recycled materials
PROCUREMENT IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF AN OFFICE RECYCLING
PROGRAM. IT IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE WHAT AND HOW WE BUY
DETERMINES TO A LARGE DEGREE THE EXTENT TO WHICH WE
CAN SOURCE REDUCE AND RECYCLE,
                              14

-------
    PROCUREMENT-AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF SOURCE REDUCTION
"Smart shopping" techniques should help you practice source reduction when procuring
items for your office, for instance:

     •     Procure items that are durable and produce little or no waste

     •     Use the "Just-In-Time" buying practice to avoid stockpiling unused or
          outdated items

     •     Avoid procuring items that are needlessly overpackaged. When possible,
          buy in bulk to avoid extra packaging
YOUR OFFICE SHOULD APPROACH PROCUREMENT FROM A
"SMART SHOPPING" PERSPECTIVE  - THAT IS, USING
PROCUREMENT PRACTICES THAT PROMOTE SOURCE REDUCTION.

FOR EXAMPLE, DURABLE, WELL-BUILT PRODUCTS MAY BE MORE
EXPENSIVE IN THE SHORT TERM, BUT OFTEN COST LESS OVER
THE LONG TERM.
BUYING PRODUCTS "JUST-IN-TIME" AVOIDS STOCKPILING
UNUSED, OUTDATED, OR SPOILED ITEMS.
                              15

-------
    PROCUREMENT-AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF SOURCE REDUCTION


"Smart shopping" techniques should be included into your approach to procurement.
The key "smart shopping" techniques are:

    •    Procure items made from recycled materials

    •    Procure items that are themselves recyclable
FOLLOW EPA PROCUREMENT GUIDELINES TO DETERMINE THE
SPECIFIC TYPE OF PRODUCT YOU SHOULD OBTAIN. GIVE
PREFERENCE TO ITEMS THAT CAN BE INCORPORATED INTO YOUR
AGENCY'S RECYCLING PROGRAM. REFER TO GSA'S RECYCLED
PRODUCTS CATALOG WHENEVER POSSIBLE.

REMEMBER, YOUR AGENCY'S PROCUREMENT PRACTICES CAN
CONTRIBUTE POSITIVELY TO THE PROMOTION OF RECYCLED
PRODUCTS AND THE AVOIDANCE OF WASTE GENERATION ~
PURCHASES BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTES TO 7-8
PERCENT OF THE GNP.
                           16

-------
    PROCUREMENT-AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF SOURCE REDUCTION
Federal Procurement Activities:

     *    RCRA Section 6002, requires Federal agencies to procure items containing
         the highest percentage of recovered materials practicable;

     •    EPA promulgated five guidelines for the procurement of products
         containing recovered materials:

                  Paper and paper products
                  Fly ash in cement and concrete
                  Lubricating oils
                  Retread tires
                  Building insulation products

     •    GSA developed the Recycled Products Catalog.
NOT ONLY IS PROCURING ITEMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SOURCE
REDUCTION IMPORTANT, BUT IT IS EQUALLY IMPORTANT THAT
WE PROCURE IN SUCH A WAY AS TO PROMOTE RECYCLING.
PROCUREMENT PROCEDURES CAN REINFORCE RECYCLING
THROUGH PURCHASES OF PRODUCTS WITH RECYCLED CONTENT,
AND PRODUCTS THAT CAN BE EASILY RECYCLED WHEN THEY ARE
DISCARDED. EPA RECOGNIZES THIS LINK BETWEEN
PROCUREMENT AND RECYCLING - THE AGENCY DEVELOPED
GUIDELINES TO ASSIST FEDERAL AGENCIES IN DETERMINING
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF RECOVERED MATERIALS IS PRACTICABLE
IN SPECIFIC PRODUCTS. FINAL GUIDELINES INCLUDE THOSE FOR
PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS, LUBRICATION OILS, RETREAD
TIRES, BUILDING INSULATION PRODUCTS, AND CEMENT AND
CONCRETE CONTAINING FLY ASH.
                            17

-------
               PAPER RECYCLING AS A FIRST STEP
     The average Federal office worker generates approximately one-half pound of
     office waste daily, including both paper and non-paper materials1

     EPA estimates that 90% of all office waste is paper
THE AVERAGE OFFICE WORKER GENERATES ONE HALF POUND OF
OFFICE WASTE EACH DAY, OF WHICH NEARLY 90 PERCENT IS
PAPER OF VARIOUS TYPES. SUCH LARGE GENERATION RATES
MAKE PAPER AN EXCELLENT MATERIAL TO TARGET FOR
RECYCLING.

TWELVE FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDINGS REDUCED THEIR VOLUME
OF SOLID WASTE BY 34 PERCENT WHEN THEY SEPARATED
RECYCLABLE PAPER FROM OTHER TRASH.
    1Earthworm (Consulting); 1990; EPA Region I.

                            18

-------
               PAPER RECYCLING AS A FIRST STEP
Federal regulations mandate that:

    •    Federal offices employing over 100 office workers collect high-grade paper
         for recycling

    •    Federal offices employing fewer than 100 office workers implement office
         paper recycling programs, where feasible
SEPARATING RECYCLABLE OFFICE PAPER CAN CONSIDERABLY
REDUCE THE VOLUME OF TRASH BEING SENT TO LANDFILLS OR
INCINERATORS. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STRONGLY
ENCOURAGES OFFICE PAPER RECYCLING AND HAS EVEN
PROMULGATED REGULATIONS THAT MANDATE OFFICE PAPER
RECYCLING PROGRAMS IN FEDERAL OFFICES WITH OVER 100
OFFICE WORKERS.
                            19

-------
                   SOURCE SEPARATION


Source Separation

•   Ensures that quality and homogeneity of the materials collected and

•   Brings the highest revenues


SOURCE SEPARATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND GRADES OF
RECYCLABLE MATERIALS ENSURES THE QUALITY AND
HOMOGENEITY OF THE MATERIALS COLLECTED AND BRINGS THE
HIGHEST REVENUES. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE MATERIAL
COLLECTED - WHICH WILL BE SOLD TO A MATERIALS BROKER -
IS CLEAN AND UNIFORM. THE DEGREE OF SOURCE SEPARATION
REQUIRED BY YOUR LOCAL RECYCLABLE MARKET WILL
DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH YOUR PROGRAM MUST
SOURCE SEPARATE.
                          20

-------
                   SOURCE SEPARATION
Office waste generally contains a variety of paper grades:
         White and colored bond paper
         Computer paper
         Business forms
         Stationery
         Data tabulating cards
         Newspaper
         Corrugated containers
         Envelopes
         File Folders
THESE GRADES CAN BE COLLECTED SEPARATELY FROM ONE
ANOTHER.

PAPER IS A VERSATILE MATERIAL THAT CAN BE MADE INTO A
WIDE RANGE OF PRODUCTS, INCLUDING THE PAPER PRODUCTS
USED IN YOUR OFFICE. PAPER COMES IN SEVERAL GRADES WITH
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS.  IF YOUR WASTE DEALER DOES
NOT ACCEPT COMMINGLED (THAT IS, NON-SEPARATED) PAPER,
THESE PAPER TYPES MUST BE SORTED TO ENSURE A
HOMOGENEOUS, HIGH-QUALITY SUPPLY FOR THE PAPER MILLSf

IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT FOREIGN OBJECTS SUCH AS
FOOD AND FOOD PACKAGING CONTAMINATE THE RECYCLING
PROCESS, CAUSING DIFFICULTIES AT THE MILLS. IT IS
ESSENTIAL THAT THESE CONTAMINANTS NOT BE PLACED IN THE
RECYCLING CONTAINERS (THIS APPLIES TO BOTH SOURCE-
SEPARATED AND COMMINGLED PAPER).
                          21

-------
                OTHER RECYCLABLE MATERIALS


•    Other materials merit equal consideration for inclusion in your recycling programs

•    Other materials suitable for recycling programs include:

         Metal

         Glass

         Plastic

         Additional materials, depending on your office's operation and local
         market conditions


MANY OFFICES HAVE SUCCESSFULLY DESIGNED OFFICE
RECYCLING PROGRAMS THAT INCLUDE BOTH PAPER AND NON-
PAPER ITEMS.

BECAUSE PAPER COMPRISES THE LARGEST COMPONENT OF
MOST FEDERAL OFFICE WASTE, FT IS THE NATURAL FIRST
COMPONENT OF AN OFFICE RECYCLING PROGRAM. OTHER
RECYCLABLE - SUCH AS THESE MATERIALS - SHOULD MERIT
EQUAL CONSIDERATION FOR RECYCLING.
                            22

-------
DESIGNATING A PROGRAM COORDINATOR
               23

-------
                  PROGRAM COORDINATOR
Designated individuals:

•   Program Coordinator - the central manager - responsible for overall program
    operations

•   Program Monitors - individuals responsible for overseeing the daily operations of
    the program, in different units of the agency
EVERY RECYCLING PROGRAM SHOULD HAVE A PROGRAM
COORDINATOR AND PROGRAM MONITORS DESIGNATED TO RUN
THE PROGRAM. ENTHUSIASM FOR ANY OFFICE RECYCLING
PROGRAM IS OFTEN INFECTIOUS WHEN THE RIGHT PERSON
TAKES THE LEAD. THE PROGRAM COORDINATOR IS IMPORTANT
BECAUSE HIS OR HER KNOWLEDGE, PERSONALITY, AND SUPPORT
FOR THE RECYCLING CONCEPT WILL INSPIRE OTHERS TO
BECOME ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS. THE RECYCLING COORDINATOR
MAKES ALL EMPLOYEES REALIZE THAT THEIR PARTICIPATION
MAKES A DIFFERENCE.
                           24

-------
                     PROGRAM COORDINATOR
Responsibilities of the Program Coordinator include:

          Initiating the program
          Performing a market analysis and waste stream analysis
          Training Program Monitors
          Developing and implementing the collection and storage program
          Evaluating the program and tracking progress
          Developing program reports
          Implementing employee education programs
          Encouraging employee participation
          Coordination with Agency and building management
THE PROGRAM COORDINATOR HAS NUMEROUS
RESPONSIBILITIES - HE OR SHE IS THE CENTRAL ELEMENT OF
THE PROGRAM. THE ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
START-UP PERIOD OF APPROXIMATELY 3 - 4 MONTHS ARE OFTEN
SUBSTANTIAL.
                               25

-------
                   PROGRAM COORDINATOR
Other responsibilities may include:
         Organizing a recycling program task force
         Establishing a recycling contract or accessing an existing contract
THE PROGRAM COORDINATOR MUST BE COMMITTED TO THE
SUCCESS OF THE RECYCLING PROGRAM AND BE WILLING TO
PROVIDE THE TIME AND ENERGY NECESSARY TO MAKE THE
PROGRAM WORK.
                             26

-------
                      PROGRAM MONITORS
Program Monitors should be designated for each operational area (e.g., a floor, a
division, or a group of 50 • 100 employees).
Each Program Monitor is responsible for the daily operation of that area's recycling
activities and acts as a liaison to the Program Coordinator
THE PROGRAM MONITORS SHOULD HAVE SKILLS SIMILAR TO
THE PROGRAM COORDINATOR. UNLIKE THE COORDINATOR,
HOWEVER, THE TIME REQUIRED FOR THE MONITORS'
RESPONSIBILITIES IS USUALLY MUCH LESS (THE EXCEPTION
BEING DURING THE START-UP PERIOD).
                             27

-------
                        PROGRAM MONITORS


Resporu  tmes of the program moiaton include:

     •    Ensuring that recycling containers are being used properly

     •    Encouraging employee participation

     *    Answering questions and educating employees about the agency's recycling
          program

     •    Notifying the coordinator about any problems (e.g., aesthetic problems or
          conflicts with other tenants)


THE PROGRAM MONITOR IS THE "FRONT LINE" TEAM LEADER
RESPONSIBLE FOR DAILY OPERATIONS, EDUCATION, AND
ENCOURAGEMENT.
                                28

-------
                   OVERCOMING RESISTANCE


Misconceptions about recycling include:

     *   There are no benefits to recycling office wastes - I get nothing out of it

     •   Participating in an office recycling program consumes a lot of time/space
         What a pain!

     •   No one else recycles ~ Why should I?

     •   Office recycling programs do not adequately protect confidential
         information
THE MAJOR CHALLENGE IN ESTABLISHING AN OFFICE
RECYCLING PROGRAM IS TO CHANGE PEOPLE'S ATTITUDES
ABOUT RECYCLING.

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT OFFICE PAPER RECYCLING OFTEN
RESULT FROM A LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT RECYCLING: FOR
MANY PEOPLE, RECYCLING IS A NEW CONCEPT OR REQUIRES A
CHANGE OF BEHAVIOR.
                             29

-------
                     OVERCOMING RESISTANCE
In reality....
     *    Recycling has economic, environmental, and social benefits
     *    Recycling at the office is an extension of recycling at home
     •    Recycling does not place an enormous burden on the employee, in fact,
          once accepted, recycling becomes second nature
     •    Office recycling programs are spreading throughout the country
     •    Office paper recycling programs can be designed so that they do not
          jeopardize confidential information

TO OVERCOME THIS RESISTANCE, THE PROGRAM COORDINATOR
AND THE PROGRAM MONITORS SHOULD EDUCATE THEIR
COWORKERS BY EMPHASIZING THE POSITIVE ASPECTS OF
RECYCLING.
                                30

-------
                  SELECTING A TASK FORCE
Individuals suitable for a task force include:

    »   A building supervisor or head custodian

    •   Staff employee

    •   A manager

    •   A contracts representative

    •   One or more program monitors
OFFICE RECYCLING PROGRAMS RELY ON THE EXPERTISE OF
INDIVIDUALS KNOWLEDGEABLE IN THE VARIOUS AREAS AND
OPERATIONS OF A BUILDING. A TASK FORCE OF THESE
INDIVIDUALS CAN BE FORMED TO PROVIDE THE INITIAL
GUIDANCE AND ORGANIZATION TO ESTABLISH THE GOALS,
DESIGN, AND OPERATION OF THE RECYCLING PROGRAM.
TOGETHER, THIS GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS REPRESENTING THEIR
PEERS WILL PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO ALL ASPECTS OF THE
RECYCLING PROGRAM - HOW AND WHERE TO COLLECT THE
RECYCLABLE MATERIALS, WHAT THE EMPLOYEES THINK ABOUT
THE PROGRAM, HOW TO SET UP A RECYCLING CONTRACT, AND
HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE PROGRAM EFFECTIVELY.
                          31

-------
PERFORMING A WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS
                32

-------
              PERFORMING A WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS
A waste stream analysis:

     •    Identifies the quantity and composition of materials contained in an office's
          trash

     •    Provides basic information necessary to plan, design, and operate an
          effective recycling program

     •    Helps to determine the types of materials to be included in the recycling
          program

     •    Identifies those sections of the office that should participate
BEFORE YOU CAN DESIGN YOUR OFFICE RECYCLING PROGRAM,
YOU MUST KNOW HOW MUCH AND WHAT TYPES OF WASTE YOU
GENERATE. TO DETERMINE THESE CHARACTERISTICS, YOU
SHOULD CONDUCT A WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS -- AN
INVESTIGATION OF YOUR OFFICE WASTE.
                              33

-------
            PERFORMING A WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS


A waste stream analysis should answer the following questions:

     •    How much waste is generated within each division/floor/operating unit
         over a given period of time?

     •    What types and grades of materials comprise this waste?

     •    How much of each type/grade is generated in your office waste?


A WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS CAN BE ELABORATE - SUCH AS A
FORMAL WASTE ASSESSMENT USING SCIENTIFIC METHODS ~ OR
SIMPLE -- SUCH AS EXAMINING WASTE RECEPTACLES AT SEVERAL
LOCATIONS TO DETERMINE THE COMPOSITION AND QUANTITY
OF WASTE AND THEN EXTRAPOLATING THOSE CONDITIONS FOR
OTHER SIMILAR LOCATIONS. THE TYPE OF WASTE STREAM
ANALYSIS SUITABLE FOR YOUR AGENCY DEPENDS ON THE
PARTICULAR CONDITIONS OF YOUR OFFICE. WHICHEVER
METHOD YOU CHOOSE, YOU MUST ANSWER THESE BASIC
QUESTIONS.
                            34

-------
                                   PAPER GRADES
            During your waste stream analysis, you will find that your waste probably contains
            different grades of paper
            Understanding the differences in paper grades will allow you to design your recycling
            program to maximize the value of your paper
            DIFFERENT GRADES OF PAPER HAVE DIFFERENT VALUES TO
            PAPER DEALERS.  TO DESIGN THE MOST EFFICIENT PAPER
            RECYCLING PROGRAM, YOU MUST KNOW WHETHER OR NOT
            YOUR WASTE BROKER REQUIRES YOU TO SEPARATE THE
            DIFFERENT GRADES OF PAPER. MANY WASTE DEALERS REQUIRE
            SOURCE SEPARATION, BUT SOME ACCEPT COMMINGLED PAPER
            GRADES - CHECK WITH YOUR DEALER.                      i
O
                                        35

-------
                       PAPER GRADES
High Grades:
     •    Computer printouts
     •    White ledger
     •    White envelopes (without plastic windows)
Low Grades
     •    Colored ledger
     •    Colored note pads
     •    Colored envelopes (without plastic windows)
THESE ARE THE MAJOR GRADES OF OFFICE PAPER, WITH
EXAMPLES OF COMMON PAPER PRODUCTS MADE IN THOSE
GRADES.  THE HIGHER GRADE PAPER IS GENERALLY TREATED BY
CHEMICAL OR MECHANICAL MEANS TO MAKE IT WHITE AND
FREE OF IMPURITIES, WHILE THE LOWER GRADES ARE EITHER
DYED OR CONTAIN VISUAL IMPURITIES.
                            36

-------
                      PAPER GRADES
Newspaper

Corrugated Containers

Specialty Grades

    •    Manila/Colored tabulating cards
    •    File stock
    •    Shredded paper
HIGHER GRADE PAPER IS WORTH MORE BECAUSE IT TAKES LES
RESOURCES TO RECYCLE IT INTO NEW, HIGH-GRADE PRODUCTS
REMEMBER THAT WHICHEVER GRADE OF PAPER YOU COLLECT,
IT IS IMPORTANT TO KEEP THE MATERIAL FREE OF
CONTAMINANTS.
                           37

-------
                          PAPER GRADES

                             High Grades


Computer Printouts (CPOs)

     •    Are white paper used in data processing

     •    May contain stripes and may be produced from impact (i.e., mechanical)
          printers or non-impact (i.e., laser) printers

     •    Made out of groundwood (like newspaper) are not considered high-grade
          paper

     •    Account for up to 45% of the office waste stream
THESE ARE COMMON HIGH GRADE PAPER PRODUCTS. IN MOST
OFFICES, THEY WILL COMPRISE THE BULK OF THE RECYCLABLE
PAPER.
                                38

-------
                           PAPER GRADES

                        High Grades (continued)
White Ledger
     •    Commonly used white office paper, such as printed or imprinted bond,
          photocopies, typing paper, letterhead, writing paper and white tablet sheets

     •    Accounts for approximately 33% of the typical office waste stream

White Envelopes

     •    Typical white envelopes that do not contain plastic windows
MIXING ANY OF THESE PRODUCTS WITH LOWER GRADE PAPER
WILL REDUCE THE OVERALL VALUE OF YOUR RECYCLABLE
PAPER.
                                39

-------
                       PAPER GRADES

                         Low Grades
Colored Ledger:
         Printed or imprinted bond, photocopies
         Letterhead
         Writing papers
         Scratch paper
         Yellow legal pads and yellow telephone pads
         Colored envelopes
Mixed Paper:
         A composite of high-grade paper and low-grade paper (e.g., white ledger
         mixed with colored ledger)
LOW GRADE REFERS TO COLORED PAPER OR PAPER MADE WITH
IMPURITIES. LOW GRADE PAPER IS NOT WORTHLESS - MANY
PAPER DEALERS WILL BUY IT FROM YOU. CONTACT YOUR PAPER
DEALER FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE VALUE OF THESE
MATERIALS. IN SOURCE SEPARATION PROGRAMS, KEEP LOW
GRADES SEPARATE FROM THE OTHER GRADES - THE DEALERS
WILL PAY BETTER PRICES FOR SEPARATED, HOMOGENOUS
PAPER. TYPICALLY, LOW-GRADE PAPER COMPRISES ONLY 5
PERCENT OF THE OFFICE WASTE STREAM.
                            40

-------
                        PAPER GRADES

                           Newspaper
While not usually a major component of office waste, newspaper is an excellent
candidate for a recycling program.
Many municipalities across the country have passed mandatory newspaper recycling
that apply to both residences and offices.
ing laws
NEWSPAPER IS A PAPER GRADE BEING RECYCLED ACROSS THE
UNITED STATES - IF YOUR OFFICE WASTE CONTAINS A
SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF NEWSPAPER, YOU SHOULD CONSIDER
INCLUDING IT IN YOUR RECYCLING PROGRAM.
                              41

-------
                              PAPER GRADES



                                 Newspaper
Recycled newspaper is used to manufacture:



      •     New newsprint



      •     Recycled boxboard



      •     Tissue



      •     Packaging paper



      •     Construction board
                                    42

-------
                        PAPER GRADES
Corrugated Containers

     •    Are generated in appreciable quantities in most offices from the packaging
         of office and food service supplies

     •    Obtain a greater price when they have been flattened and tied, or baled
CORRUGATED CONTAINERS CAN BE A LARGE COMPONENT OF
OFFICE WASTE. MANY BUSINESSES THAT ROUTINELY USE THIS
MATERIAL RETURN IT TO BE RECYCLED - SO CAN YOU!       I
                              43

-------
                        PAPER GRADES

                         Specialty Grades


Manila/Colored Tabulating Cards

     •    Used in tabulating machines

     •    Considered a specialty grade because of their limited use in the business
         sector

File Stock

     •    Includes white and colored file waste, including file folders

     *    Generated in large quantities during periodic "file purges"
THESE SPECIALTY GRADES ARE RECYCLED BY PAPER DEALERS
THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES.  HOWEVER, YOU MUST
DETERMINE WHETHER YOUR OFFICE PRODUCES SUFFICIENT
QUANTmES OF THESE GRADES TO MERIT INCLUSION IN YOUR
PAPER RECYCLING PROGRAM AND IF THESE GRADES ARE
SALABLE IN YOUR AREA.
                             44

-------
                         PAPER GRADES

                     Specialty Grades (continued)
Shredded Paper
          Is usually generated as a pan of a security operation to protect confidential
          business information

          Often contains a variety of paper grades
ALTHOUGH SOME WASTE PAPER DEALERS ACCEPT THIS
SPECIALTY PAPER GRADE, THERE ARE TWO ALTERNATIVES TO |N-
HOUSE SHREDDING.
                              45

-------
                         PAPER GRADES

                      oecialty Grades (continued)


Shredded Paper

     Two alternatives to in-house shredding:

     •    An affidavit of Destruction, which guarantees that the recovered paper will
          be kept secure until it is reduced to a pulp

     •    Contracting with a company that offers off-site document destruction
          services
AN AFFIDAVIT OF DESTRUCTION, WHICH GUARANTEES THAT THE
RECOVERED PAPER WILL BE KEPT SECURE UNTIL IT IS REDUCED
TO A PULP; OR CONTRACTING WITH A COMPANY THAT OFFERS
OFF-SITE DOCUMENT DESTRUCTION SERVICES.
                              46

-------
                                  CONTAMINANTS
            Typical contaminants in collected paper include:
                    Newspapers and magazines
                    Telephone books
                    Carbon paper
                    Gummed labels, adhesives (e.g., mailing labels)
                    Slick, waxed, and plasticized papers
                    Cardboard
                    Ditto or memo stencils
            THE VALUE OF THE PAPER COLLECTED IS DIRECTLY RELATED TJO
            THE QUALITY OF THE MATERIAL AND WHETHER OR NOT THE
            MATERIAL MEETS THE SPECIFICATIONS OF THE PURCHASER. IN
            ADDITION TO SEPARATING THE PAPER BY GRADE, YOU MUST TRY
            TO KEEP THE PAPER AS FREE FROM CONTAMINANTS AS
            POSSIBLE. THE MATERIALS LISTED HERE ARE USUALLY
            CONSIDERED CONTAMINANTS AND MAY CAUSE DIFFICULTIES
            WHEN THE MILLS PROCESS YOUR PAPER INTO NEW PRODUCTS.
o
47

-------
                       CONTAMINANTS
Typical contaminants (continued):
         Photographic or blueprint paper
         Envelopes with plastic windows/self-stick closings
         Thennofax copy paper
         Chemically treated paper
         Thermal facsimile (fax) paper
         Cellophane tape
         Self-adhesive labels and note pads
IF YOUR PAPER IS CONTAMINATED, IT MAY BE REDUCED IN
VALUE OR REJECTED ALTOGETHER BY THE BROKER. NOTE:
SOME OF THE ITEMS ON THIS LIST, SUCH AS NEWSPAPER, MAY
BE SUITABLE FOR THEIR OWN RECYCLING PROGRAMS, BUT ARE
COMMON CONTAMINANTS IN OFFICE PAPER RECYCLING
PROGRAMS. YOU CAN CONFIRM THIS LIST WITH YOUR PAPER
DEALER.
                             48

-------
o
                            OTHER RECYCLABLE MATERIALS

                                      METAL
            The most commonly found recyclable metal in office waste streams is aluminum
            beverage containers
            Other metal containers, such as steel cans (including tin-coated, tin-free, and bimetal
            cans), are usually not generated in sufficient quantities for office recycling
            but may be a candidate for your agency's office recycling program.
            ALUMINUM CANS HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY RECYCLED FOR
            OVER 20 YEARS, TRANSLATING INTO BILLIONS OF POUNDS OF
            METAL THAT WERE DIVERTED FROM THE SOLID WASTE STREAJV
            ALUMINUM IS A VALUABLE RESOURCE BECAUSE MAKING
            ALUMINUM PRODUCTS FROM RECYCLED ALUMINUM SAVES
            APPROXIMATELY 95 PERCENT OF THE ENERGY REQUIRED TO
            MAKE NEW ALUMINUM FROM ORE.
ALUMINUM CANS DO NOT VARY BY GRADE, THEREFORE, THERE
IS
            NO NEED FOR SEPARATION - JUST REMEMBER TO AVOID MIXING
            STEEL CANS WITH THE RECYCLABLE ALUMINUM.
                                        49

-------
               OTHER RECYCLABLE MATERIALS

                         GLASS


Glass beverage containers are 100 percent recyclable


Glass bottles are generally segregated by these colors:

    •   Clear
    *   Green
    •   Amber
LIKE ALUMINUM, GLASS IS USUALLY FOUND IN OFFICE WASTES
IN THE FORM OF BEVERAGE CONTAINERS. GLASS BEVERAGE
CONTAINERS ARE 100% RECYCLABLE, AND CRUSHED GLASS HAS
TRADITIONALLY BEEN USED AS AN INGREDIENT IN GLASS
MANUFACTURING. GLASS CAN BE PART OF A COMPREHENSIVE
OFFICE RECYCLING PROGRAM IF SUFFICIENT QUANTITIES ARE
GENERATED. DEPENDING UPON YOUR LOCAL MARKET, YOU WILL
PROBABLY HAVE TO SORT YOUR GLASS BY THESE COLORS.
                           50

-------
                OTHER RECYCLABLE MATERIALS

                         PLASTIC


There are seven categories of plastic of which most plastic bottles are made, each type
has its own unique chemical composition and characteristics

Chemical Name                                 Abbreviation

1.   Polyethylene Terephthalate                     PETE or PET

2.   High Density Polyethylene                      HDPE

3.   Polyvinyl Chloride                           V

4.   Low Density Polyethylene                      LDPE

5.   Polypropylene                              PP

6.   Polystyrene                               PS

7.   Other                                   Other
MOST PLASTIC FOUND IN THE OFFICE ENVIRONMENT WILL BE IN
THE FORM OF BEVERAGE CONTAINERS.  ALTHOUGH STILL IN ITS
INFANCY, PLASTICS RECYCLING IS QUICKLY BECOMING A
WIDESPREAD PRACTICE ACROSS THE NATION AS SUPPLIES AND
MARKETS EXPAND. PLASTIC IS NOT USUALLY A LARGE
COMPONENT OF OFFICE WASTE, BUT IT MAY BE SUITABLE FOR
INCLUSION IN A RECYCLING PROGRAM.  TO FACILITATE PLASTICS
RECYCLING, MANY COMPANIES HAVE ADOPTED A VOLUNTARY
CODING SYSTEM TO IDENTIFY THE VARIOUS PLASTICS RESINS.
THIS SYSTEM CONSISTS OF A SERIES OF TRIANGLES FORMED OF
CONTINUOUS ARROWS WITH THE NUMBER IDENTIFYING THE
RESIN TYPE IN THE MIDDLE (PETE IS NUMBER 1). THE MOST
COMMON TYPE FOUND IN OFFICES IS POLYETHYLENE
TEREPHTHALATE (PETE). MOST SOFT DRINK BOTTLES ARE MADE
OF PETE.
                            51

-------
                      BUILDING PROFILE
Special considerations include:

     •    If the building lacks a loading dock, recyclable may have to be stored
         elsewhere until pickup time

     •    If the recyclable' storage area lacks a sprinkler, special storage containers
         may be required

     •    If the building is leased, is the lessor willing to participate in the recycling
         program
IN ADDITION TO CONDUCTING A WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS, YOU
SHOULD DEVELOP A BUILDING PROFILE AS PART OF THE
PRELIMINARY STAGE FOR ESTABLISHING YOUR RECYCLING
PROGRAM. A CHECKLIST IS AVAILABLE FROM THE BACKGROUND
MATERIALS ACCOMPANYING THIS PRESENTATION TO ASSIST YOU
IN CONDUCTING YOUR PROFILE.

A BUILDING PROFILE IS USED TO IDENTIFY WHAT (IF ANY)
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS MAY BE NECESSITATED BY THE
PARTICULAR DESIGN OR OPERATION OF YOUR BUILDING.
                             52

-------
                    GENERATION RATE
Generation rate for a typical office:
        Each employee in a general office environment generates approximately
        one half pound of recyclable paper per day
AFTER YOU HAVE ANALYZED THE COMPOSITION AND QUANTITY
OF YOUR OFFICE WASTE STREAM, YOU SHOULD ESTIMATE THE
AMOUNT OF RECYCLABLE THAT CAN BE POTENTIALLY
RECOVERED.

RECYCLABLE PAPER IS USED HERE AS AN EXAMPLE; THE SAME
TYPE OF ANALYSIS CAN BE USED FOR OTHER MATERIALS.

ESTIMATED PAPER GENERATION

        THE AMOUNT OF WASTE GENERATED PER EMPLOYEE
        DEPENDS BOTH ON THE TYPE OF ORGANIZATION AND
        THE PREVALENCE OF RECYCLABLE PAPER GENERATING
        AcnvmES, SUCH AS DATA PROCESSING, PRINTING,
        COPYING, AND OTHER PAPER USES.
(GENERATION RATE WAS DERIVED FROM A MONTH-LONG
OF EPA REGION I OFFICES.)
                          53

-------
                        RECOVERY RATES


To project your office's annual recovery rates:

     *    Multiply the applicable generation rate by the number of employees

     •    Reduce this by 10% to allow for non-participating areas, such as art
          departments, mailrooms, and departments that generate carbon and
          carbonless forms

     •    Multiply the resulting figure by the number of work days per year
          (approximately 260) and then divide by 2,000 to convert to tons


THESE ARE STEPS THAT CAN BE USED TO CALCULATE THE
ANNUAL RECOVERY RATES FOR OFFICE PAPER.  THE RESULT IS A
DEPENDABLE ESTIMATE OF THE PAPER TONNAGE A PROGRAM
CAN EXPECT TO  RECOVER EACH YEAR.
                               54

-------
                       RECOVERY RATES

                    Example for a General Office


     1,000 employees x 0.5 Ib paper per day = 500 Ibs paper per day

     500 Ibs paper per day less 10% = 450 Ibs paper per day

     450 Ibs paper per day x 260 work days = 117,000 Ibs paper per year

     117,000 Ibs paper per year divided by 2,000 Ibs = 58.5 tons of paper per year
AS YOU CAN SEE, THE SMALL AMOUNTS OF RECYCLABLE PAPEI*
GENERATED BY EMPLOYEES EACH DAY ADD UP TO A LARGE    I
AMOUNT OVER A YEAR'S TIME. THE SAME HOLDS TRUE FOR
OTHER RECYCLABLE MATERIALS FOUND IN THE OFFICE WASTE
STREAM.
                             55

-------
PERFORMING A MARKET ANALYSIS
            56

-------
                     MARKET ANALYSIS
Deciding whether to separate or combine the grades should be based on program
economics and goals, as well as:

    •    Additional time and labor
    •    Participation rates
    •    Equipment required to collect grades separately.
BEFORE IMPLEMENTING A PROGRAM, ASSESS THE AVAILABILITY
OF STEADY MARKETS FOR THOSE MATERIALS YOU PLAN TO
RECYCLE.

ONE IMPORTANT ASPECT TO CONSIDER WHEN DECIDING WHICH
PAPER GRADES AND OTHER MATERIALS TO SEPARATE FROM THE
WASTE STREAM IS THE AVAILABILITY OF STEADY MARKETS FOR
RECYCLING THEM. A MARKET ANALYSIS WILL REVEAL THE
DEMAND FOR RECYCLABLE MATERIALS IN YOUR AREA.

ADDITIONALLY, PROGRAM ECONOMICS, SUCH AS REDUCED
DISPOSAL COSTS FOR THE FACILITY, AND PROGRAM GOALS,
INCLUDING WASTE REDUCTION, WILL AFFECT YOUR DECISION,
AS WILL THE OTHER FACTORS LISTED HERE.
                           57

-------
                       MARKET ANALYSIS


The program coordinator will need to assess:

     •    The type/grade and quantity of paper and other recyclable that different
          materials dealers will accept

     •    The price materials dealers will pay for different types/grades of recyclable

     •    The services materials dealers will provide
BEFORE ISSUING AN INVITATION FOR BIDS, THESE STEPS SHOULD
BE TAKEN TO IDENTIFY WHAT SHOULD BE COLLECTED IN THE
PROGRAM AND TO ESTIMATE PROGRAM COSTS AND REVENUES.

THE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION MAY HAVE DONE THIS
ANALYSIS ALREADY AND MAY HAVE A VIABLE SALES CONTRACT
IN PLACE.
                             58

-------
                      MARKET ANALYSIS
The program coordinator can contact the following resources for recycling information^'

    •    The municipal solid waste hauler servicing the building

    •    Local and state government officials

    •    Publications such as "Fibre Market News," and "American Metal Market"

    •    Phone book listings under "Recycling Centers," "Scrap Metals," or "Plastics -
         Scrap"


A MARKET ANALYSIS INVOLVES MAKING CONTACTS WITH LOCAL
MATERIALS DEALERS. YOU SHOULD CONSIDER CONTACTING THE
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE HAULER SERVICING YOUR BUILDING -
THIS CONTRACTOR MAY ALSO PROVIDE A RECYCLING
COLLECTION SERVICE.

LOCAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ARE OFTEN AWARE
OF MATERIALS DEALERS IN THE AREA AND ARE A GOOD INITIAL
CONTACT POINT FOR NAMES OF COMPANIES TO CALL
REGARDING RECYCLING SERVICES.

THE YELLOW PAGES ARE ANOTHER SOURCE OF THIS
INFORMATION.
                             59

-------
                         MARKET ANALYSIS


  aen contacting materials dealers, be sure to obtain the following information:

     •    Descriptions and types/grades of materials handled

     •    Acceptable contamination types and levels

     •    Containers and equipment available for use, such as a compactor or
          handcarts

     •    Pickup scheduling procedures

     •    Methods for handling confidential materials

     •    Price structures for the different types/grades of materials picked up.
YOU SHOULD OBTAIN CERTAIN INFORMATION WHEN
CONTACTING MATERIALS DEALERS REGARDING THEIR SERVICES.
COLLECTING THE TYPES OF INFORMATION LISTED HERE IS A
GOOD STARTING POINT.
                                60

-------
                           ESTABLISHING A RECYCLING CONTRACT
o
                                          61

-------
             WASTEPAPER RECYCLING CONTRACTS
    The recycling contract consummates the agreement between your agency and the
    company collecting your recyclable
RECYCLING CONTRACTS REPRESENT THE FORMAL AGREEMENT
BETWEEN YOUR AGENCY AND THE RECYCLER, SETTING OUT ALL
OF THE ESSENTIAL TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT.

AN EFFECTIVE CONTRACT PROMOTES RECYCLING BY PROVIDING
THE GOVERNMENT WITH A SERVICE OBLIGATED TO REMOVE AND
PAY FOR RECYCLABLE MATERIALS AND BY GIVING RECYCLERS A
KNOWN SOURCE AND QUANTITY OF RECYCLABLE.
                          62

-------
             WASTEPAPER RECYCUNG CONTRACTS
    The contract essentially specifies the "who," "what," "where," "when," and "what if
    of the agreement
THE TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT TYPICALLY ADDRESS:

    WHO THE PARTIES ARE TO THE RECYCLING CONTRACT

    WHAT THE RESPONSIBILITIES ARE OF THE RECYCLING
    CONTRACTOR

    WHAT YOUR AGENCY'S RESPONSIBILITIES ARE

    HOW MUCH THE CONTRACTOR WILL PAY YOUR AGENCY
    RECYCLABLE MATERIALS

    WHAT TYPES/GRADES OF MATERIALS THE CONTRACTOR
    WILL COLLECT

    HOW, WHEN, AND WHERE THE CONTRACTOR WILL COLLECT
    THE MATERIALS

    WHAT THE TERM OF THE CONTRACT IS

    WHAT HAPPENS IN THE CASE OF NONPERFORMANCE BY
    EITHER PARTY.
                          63

-------
                    TYPES OF CONTRACTS
Civilian Federal agencies have the option to:

     »    Use recycling contracts established by the General Services Administration
         (GSA)

     •    Establish their own independent recycling contract
GSA IS PRESENTLY ADMINISTERING RECYCLING CONTRACTS
THAT CAN BE USED FOR RECYCLING OFFICE PAPER BY ANY
CIVILIAN FEDERAL AGENCY LOCATED IN A REGION WHERE A GSA
CONTRACT EXISTS.2 GSA RECYCLING CONTRACTS PRIMARILY
ADDRESS RECYCLABLE PAPER, HOWEVER, SOME CONTRACTS
INCLUDE PROVISIONS FOR GLASS, METAL AND PLASTICS.

YOUR AGENCY CAN ALSO ESTABLISH ITS OWN RECYCLING
CONTRACT RATHER THAN TO USE AN EXISTING GSA CONTRACT,
     For military agencies, the Defense Logistics Agency serves in lieu of GSA.

                            64

-------
                       TYPES OF CONTRACTS
GSA recycling contracts:
          Provide Federal agencies with a contractor that will pay for and pick up
          the agency's recyclable materials

          Establish all of the terms and conditions necessary to support recycling
          once the materials have been collected at the facility

          Provide for GSA to bill the company according to the type/grade and
          amount of materials removed
AGAIN, GSA RECYCLING CONTRACTS PRIMARILY ADDRESS
RECYCLABLE PAPER.  THEREFORE, CONTRACTS FOR COLLECTING
RECYCLABLE OFFICE PAPER ARE USED AS AN EXAMPLE HERE.
                                65

-------
                     TYPES OF CONTRACTS


To use a GSA recycling contract, an agency must:

     •     Reside within a GSA region where a GSA contract is in place

     •     Contact GSA and indicate a desire to use the GSA recycling contract

     •     Generate a minimum quantity of recyclable paper

     •     Collect and centrally store the recyclable paper for pick up by the GSA
          contractor
GSA SUGGESTS THAT PROGRAM COORDINATORS CONTACT GSA
TO DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE REQUIREMENTS FOR USING A GSA
RECYCLING CONTRACT.  GSA HAS CONTACTS IN ALL 10 REGIONS.
CONTACT NAMES AND PHONE NUMBERS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM
THE FEDERAL RECYCLING PROGRAM AT GSA HEADQUARTERS.
                             66

-------
                    TYPES OF CONTRACTS



There are two key advantages to utilizing a GSA contract:

    •    GSA establishes and administers the contract

    •    GSA has over 10 years of experience in administering recycling contracts
OTHER ADVANTAGES THAT FLOW FROM THESE TWO KEY POINTS
INCLUDE:

         THE RECYCLING CONTRACT IS ALREADY IN PLACE

         GSA ESTABLISHES ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING FOR
         AGENCY PERSONNEL

         GSA IS RESPONSIBLE FOR RECORDKEEPING AND
         PROVIDING FEEDBACK
                            67

-------
                     TYPES OF CONTRACTS



You cannot use a GSA recycling contract if:

     •    No GSA recycling contract exists in the region where the agency resides

     •    An agency does not generate sufficient quantities of waste paper

     •    An agency is subject to strict security requirements
THESE ARE THREE SITUATIONS WHERE AN AGENCY WOULD NOT
BE ABLE TO USE A GSA RECYCLING CONTRACT. IN THESE
SITUATIONS AN AGENCY MAY CHOOSE TO ESTABLISH AN
INDEPENDENT RECYCLING CONTRACT.
                             68

-------
                    TYPES OF CONTRACTS
Agencies that choose to develop their own contracts (independent recycling contracts
should follow several basic steps, including:

    •    Collecting detailed market information
    •    Inviting bids
    •    Developing and overseeing the contract
    •    Adhering to the Federal property management regulations
THE BASIC STEPS IN DEVELOPING AN INDEPENDENT RECYCLIN
CONTRACT INCLUDE COLLECTING MARKET INFORMATION,
INVITING BIDS, DEVELOPING THE CONTRACT, AND
ADMINISTERING THE CONTRACT.

COLLECTING MARKET INFORMATION HELPS THE CONTRACTING
OFFICE ASSESS ITS NEEDS AND THE SERVICES AVAILABLE TO
MEET THESE NEEDS.  LOCAL DEALERS CAN PROVIDE BASIC
INFORMATION, INCLUDING:
         INFORMATION ON PRICING MECHANISMS, UNIT
         OR MINIMUM PRICE EXPECTED IN THE SHORT TERM

         REFERENCES OF CURRENT CONTRACTS FOR
         RECYCLING CONTRACTORS

         LETTERS OF INTENT TO BID FROM CONTRACTORS
         INTERESTED IN  SERVICING THE RECYCLING
         CONTRACT.
                           69

-------
                      TYPES OF CONTRACTS


The disadvantage of developing an independent recycling contract is:

     •    The overall process is fairly complex, requiring:

               recycling support
               regulatory assistance
               legal support (initially)
               administrative support
               long-term resources
THE COMPLEXITY OF DEVELOPING AN INDEPENDENT RECYCLING
CONTRACT MAY DETER YOUR AGENCY FROM DEVELOPING A
RECYCLING CONTRACT INDEPENDENTLY.
                               70

-------
SELECTING A COLLECTION SYSTEM
             71

-------
                    COLLECTION SYSTEMS


Pie collection of recyclable involves:

     •    Separating recyclable from general waste

     •    Depositing collected materials at central collection points

     •    Transferring recyclable from collection points to storage areas

     •    Pickup by the recycling contractor for transport to a processing facility
ONCE A WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS, A BUILDING PROFILE AND A
MARKET ANALYSIS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED, AND A CONTRACT IS
IN PLACE, THE NEXT STEP IS TO DESIGN AN IN-HOUSE
COLLECTION SYSTEM.

THERE ARE SEVERAL STEPS IN THE COLLECTION PROCESS THAT
TAKE PLACE IN ANY RECYCLING PROGRAM.  MATERIALS ARE
GENERALLY COLLECTED THROUGHOUT THE OFFICE BUILDING,
MOVED TO A CENTRAL STORAGE AREA AND FINALLY TAKEN
FROM THE FACILITY BY YOUR MATERIALS DEALER.
                            72

-------
                     COLLECTION SYSTEMS


In choosing a collection system, consider:

     •     What materials (e.g., grades of paper and types of other recyclable) are
          being collected

     •     What transfer system will be employed within your office building

     •     Who will transfer the collected material within the facility

     •     What storage space and handling equipment are available


THE SYSTEM YOUR AGENCY CHOOSES WILL DEPEND UPON THE
FACTORS LISTED HERE.

NO MATTER WHAT SYSTEM YOU DECIDE TO EMPLOY, FT MUST
ENCOURAGE SOURCE SEPARATION TO AVOID CONTAMINATION
OF RECYCLABLE MATERIALS AND TO MEET THE SPECIFICATIONS
OF ALL MATERIALS BEING COLLECTED.
                             73

-------
                  COLLECTION SYSTEMS: PAPER


Office paper recycling programs typically use the dual container system:

     •    One container for recyclable paper

     •    Another is for discarding non-recyclable waste


TO COLLECT RECYCLABLE OFFICE PAPER FROM INDIVIDUAL
EMPLOYEES, RECYCLING PROGRAMS TYPICALLY USE THE DUAL
CONTAINER SYSTEM.
                              74

-------
                 COLLECTION SYSTEMS: PAPER
When containers in employee areas are full:

    •    The employee or facility services personnel empty the recyclable paper nto
         a central container

    •    When full, the central containers are moved to a central storage area


IN MAINTAINING EMPLOYEE RECYCLING CONTAINERS,
INDIVIDUAL CONTAINERS MAY BE EMPTIED INTO A CENTRAL
COLLECTION CONTAINER AND THEN MOVED TO A CENTRAL
STORAGE AREA.

ANOTHER COLLECTION METHOD REQUIRES EMPLOYEES TO TAKE
THE RECYCLABLE PAPER DIRECTLY TO THE CENTRAL
CONTAINER.  NO CONTAINER IS PLACED ON OR NEAR THE DESK.
                            75

-------
                 COLLECTION SYSTEMS: PAPER


When acquiring storage space, the following issues must be addressed:

    •    Is the storage site large enough?

    •    Can the site be locked?

    •    Is the site protected with sprinklers?

    •    Are a freight elevator and loading dock easily accessible?


WHEN ACQUIRING STORAGE SPACE:

         WORK WITH THE BUILDING MANAGER AND RECYCLING
         CONTRACTOR TO LOCATE AND OBTAIN APPROPRIATE
         STORAGE SPACE.

         REMEMBER, ADDITIONAL SPACE MAY BE NEEDED
         AROUND CONTAINERS SO THAT THEY ARE ACCESSIBLE
         AND CONFORM WITH FIRE AND SAFETY REGULATIONS.

         KEEP ACCUMULATED PAPER AS CLOSE TO THE POINT
         OF PICKUP AS POSSIBLE. THIS USUALLY MEANS
         OBTAINING STORAGE SPACE IN THE BASEMENT OR THE
         LOADING DOCK AREA OF THE FACILITY.
                           76

-------
                 COLLECTION SYSTEMS: PAPER
Recovered paper can be stored in:

    •    Mobile canvas hampers

    •    Pallet boxes

    •    Bulk containers

Or
         In central containers to be delivered to the loading dock on the day of
         pickup

         Stored outside in protective containers (igloos or large bins)
IN THE STORAGE AREA, RECOVERED PAPER CAN BE STORED IN k
VARIETY OF CONTAINERS.                                I

IF STORAGE SPACE IS SIMPLY UNAVAILABLE, PAPER MAY BE KEPT
IN CENTRAL CONTAINERS UNTIL THE DAY OF PICKUP. IF
OUTDOOR STORAGE IS NECESSARY, THE PAPER MUST BE
SECURED FROM THEFT AND PROTECTED FROM THE ELEMENTS.

THE PROGRAM COORDINATOR MAY WISH TO CONSULT THE
PAPER DEALER CONCERNING THE TYPE OF STORAGE CONTAINER
MOST SUITABLE FOR THE BUILDING.
                           77

-------
                 COLLECTION SYSTEMS: PAPER
Determine who will consolidate your agency's recyclable and:

     •    Integrate the collection of recyclable materials with existing custodial
         operations.

     •    Inform all custodians about the program so that they do not accidentally
         mix the recyclable with the regular trash.
IN ADDITION TO CHOOSING COLLECTION CONTAINERS AND
ACQUIRING STORAGE SPACE, YOU MUST DETERMINE WHO CAN
CONSOLIDATE YOUR RECYCLABLE MOST EFFICIENTLY. MOST
OFFICE PAPER RECYCLING PROGRAMS WORK BEST WHEN
INTEGRATED WITH EXISTING CUSTODIAL OPERATIONS.

MANY AGENCIES AND COMPANIES ADD THE RESPONSIBILITY OF
PICKING UP THE RECYCLABLE MATERIAL TO THE CUSTODIAN'S
CONTRACT WHEN IT IS UP FOR RENEWAL.
                             78

-------
                COLLECTION SYSTEMS: PAPER


Determine what collection and handling equipment you will need

    Suitable equipment may include:

        •    Mobile canvas bins
        •    Canvas bags
        •    Handcarts or dollies
        •    Forklifts or pallet jacks
THE MOVEMENT OF RECYCLABLE PAPER FROM THE POINT OF
GENERATION THROUGH THE FACILITY AND TO THE PAPER
HAULER WILL REQUIRE CERTAIN COLLECTION AND HANDLING
EQUIPMENT.

EXISTING EQUIPMENT COMMONLY FOUND IN MANY OFFICE
BUILDINGS MAY BE APPROPRIATE FOR HANDLING AND
COLLECTING WASTE OFFICE PAPER.

IF YOUR OFFICE DOES NOT HAVE ACCESS TO THE REQUIRED
EQUIPMENT, THE PROGRAM COORDINATOR SHOULD DISCUSS
LEASING THE EQUIPMENT FROM THE RECYCLER OR CONSIDER
PURCHASING THE EQUIPMENT.
                           79

-------
                COLLECTION SYSTEMS: PAPER
In colle ng confidential recyclable paper:

     •    Contact the recycling contractor to determine if the company accepts
         shredded material, or

     •    Obtain a guarantee that confidential paper will be handled according to
         security guidelines
ONE COLLECTION ISSUE WITH WHICH YOUR AGENCY MAY BE
FACED IS THE COLLECTION OF CONFIDENTIAL PAPER FOR
RECYCLING. ARRANGEMENTS CAN USUALLY BE MADE WITH
YOUR PAPER DEALER TO ASSURE THE SECURITY OF YOUR
CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS.

THE RECYCLING OF CONFIDENTIAL PAPER WILL MOST LIKELY
REQUIRE SPECIAL COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT. STORAGE
MUST BE SECURE. YOU SHOULD ALSO NOTE THAT WHEN
INCLUDING SHREDDED PAPER IN YOUR PROGRAM AND
DESIGNATING STORAGE SPACE, SHREDDED PAPER TAKES UP
MORE SPACE THAN FLAT OR CRUMPLED PAPER.
                           80

-------
           COLLECTION SYSTEMS: OTHER MATERIALS
Because of the bulkiness and lower generation rate of metal, glass, and plastic, most
offices prefer to centrally locate collection containers for these materials
RECYCLABLE OTHER THAN PAPER REQUIRE A SLIGHTLY
DIFFERENT COLLECTION APPROACH - A CENTRALLY LOCATED
COLLECTION CONTAINER.  KITCHENS OR LUNCHROOMS ARE
GOOD LOCATIONS FOR THESE CONTAINERS BECAUSE BEVERAG^
CONTAINERS CAN BE EASILY EMPTIED AND RINSED.
MANY TYPES OF RECYCLING CONTAINERS ARE AVAILABLE FOR j
THESE MATERIALS •• SOME HAVE WHEELS FOR EASY TRANSPORT
TO THE LOADING DOCK AND LIDS WITH OPENINGS SIZED TO FTt
STANDARD BEVERAGE CONTAINERS.

COLLECTION CONTAINERS FOR METAL, GLASS, AND PLASTIC MAY
ALSO BE LOCATED OUTSIDE OF THE OFFICE BUILDING, USUALLY
IN THE PARKING LOT OR LOADING BAY. THESE OUTDOOR
CONTAINERS CAN BE LARGE BINS OR "IGLOOS."
                          81

-------
EDUCATING EMPLOYEES
        82

-------
                   EDUCATING EMPLOYEES
A successful office recycling program requires:

    •    Employer endorsements
    •    Employee participation
AN OFFICE RECYCLING PROGRAM WILL NOT WORK EFFECTIVELY
WITHOUT THESE TWO ELEMENTS. BOTH MANAGERS AND STAFF
NEED TO BE COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM'S SUCCESS.
                           83

-------
                  EDUCATING EMPLOYEES
Start by educating the managers - they should be examples for the staff to follow and
lead the recycling effort
MANAGERS NEED TO HAVE A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF THE
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE OFFICE RECYCLING PROGRAM.
DISTRIBUTE A MEMO TO BRANCH/DIVISION MANAGERS
EXPLAINING KEY ELEMENTS OF THE PROGRAM, AND FOLLOW-UP
WITH INFORMAL DISCUSSION, IF NECESSARY.

MAKE SURE BRANCH/DIVISION MANAGERS UNDERSTAND THE
IMPORTANCE OF THE PROGRAM.
                          84

-------
A                             EDUCATING EMPLOYEES



            Emphasize to managers that they need to:


                •   Have a clear understanding of the goals of the office recycling program


                •   Set a good example to employees


                •   Work with and support the Program Coordinator


                •   Encourage employee participation
            BECAUSE MANAGERS HAVE DIRECT INFLUENCE OVER THEIR
            STAFF, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THEY SET AN EXAMPLE AND THAfT
            THEY CONVEY THEIR COMMITMENT TO THE PROGRAM TO THE JR
            STAFF.
            ALSO, MANAGERS SHOULD BE MADE AWARE OF THE
            IMPORTANCE OF SUPPORTING TOE PROGRAM COORDINATORS
            THEIR EFFORTS TO KEEP THE PROGRAM OPERATING.

O
                                       85
N

-------
                    EDUCATING EMPLOYEES


Start your program with a kick-off memo to all staff emphasizing that the program helps
to:

     •    Conserve natural resources

     •    Contribute to meeting state or local recycling goals

     •    Save landfill space

     •    Save fossil fuels
INTRODUCE THE OFFICE RECYCLING PROGRAM WITH A MEMO
EXPLAINING THE GOALS OF THE PROGRAM. THIS MEMO SHOULD
HIGHLIGHT SOME OF THE BENEFITS OF THE PROGRAM, SUCH AS
THOSE LISTED HERE.
                              86

-------
                   EDUCATING EMPLOYEES
Distribute a reminder memo several weeks prior to the starting date of the program «-
highlight the following:
         Types/grades of materials that are recyclable

         Locations of recycling bins
     •    Names and telephone numbers of the Program Coordinator and Progr;
         Monitors
TO REMIND STAFF THAT AN OFFICE RECYCLING PROGRAM IS
ABOUT TO BE IMPLEMENTED, SEND AROUND A MEMO
DESCRIBING THE NEW RECYCLING PROCEDURES. WITHOUT
SUCH A REMINDER, YOU MAY NOT GET MUCH PARTICIPATION
DURING THE FIRST FEW WEEKS. AFTER THE PROGRAM IS
INITIATED, SEND EMPLOYEES MEMOS OR NEWSLETTERS AT
REGULAR INTERVALS TO KEEP THEM UP TO DATE ABOUT THE
PROGRAM'S SUCCESS.
am
                            87

-------
                  EDUCATING EMPLOYEES
Provide continuous outreach, such as:

     •    Posters

     •    Newsletters/memos

     •    Brochures

     •    Promotional buttons

     •    Special events

     •    In-house competitions

     •    Recycling hotline
IN ADDITION TO DISTRIBUTING MEMOS, PROVIDE OTHER MEANS
OF OUTREACH TO ENCOURAGE THE PARTICIPATION OF
EMPLOYEES IN RECYCLING, SUCH AS THE EXAMPLES LISTED
HERE. MAKE THE START OF THE PROGRAM AN EVENTFUL ONE.

POSTERS CAN BE HUNG IN HIGH TRAFFIC AREAS, SUCH AS LUNCH
ROOMS AND ELEVATOR HALLWAYS AND SHOULD PROVIDE
INTERESTING RECYCLING FACTS OR STATISTICS.

RECYCLING BUTTONS CAN BE DISTRIBUTED AT RECYCLING
STATIONS OR AT SPECIAL EVENTS TO SPREAD THE WORD AND
PROVIDE VISIBILITY FOR THE PROGRAM.

SPONSORING SPECIAL EVENTS SUCH AS A RECYCLING
AWARENESS WEEK AND IN-HOUSE COMPETITIONS WILL HELP
STIMULATE INTEREST AND COMMITMENT TO THE PROGRAM.

FINALLY, SETTING UP A RECYCLING HOTLINE AT YOUR FACILITY
WILL ALLOW STAFF TO HAVE THEIR QUESTIONS ANSWERED
IMMEDIATELY AND CONVENIENTLY.

-------
PROGRAM MONITORING AND EVALUATION
               89

-------
            PROGRAM MONITORING AND EVALUATION



Establish a regular evaluation program to:

     •    Set realistic program goals

     •    Measure progress toward recycling objectives

     •    Anticipate and resolve any problems arising from changing office
         environments or operation objectives


BY IMPLEMENTING A REGULAR MONITORING AND EVALUATION
PROGRAM YOU WILL BE ABLE TO MEASURE YOUR RECYCLING
PROGRAM'S PROGRESS, SUCCESSES, AND PROBLEMS. USING THIS
EVALUATION PROCESS, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN THE
PROGRAM AT A HIGH DEGREE OF EFFICIENCY.
                             90

-------
            PROGRAM MONITORING AND EVALUATION


Agency staff who play key roles in the evaluation program include:

     •    Program Coordinator

     •    Program Monitor

     •    Facilities services division (contracted service personnel)


TO INSTITUTE YOUR EVALUATION PROGRAM, STAFF SHOULD BE
ASSIGNED TO CARRY OUT EVALUATION ACTIVITIES. THE
RECYCLING PROGRAM COORDINATOR, THE PROGRAM MONITORS,
AND THE FACILITIES SERVICE DIVISION WILL ALL PLAY LARGE
AND IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE EVALUATION PROGRAM.

REMEMBER, IF FACILITIES SERVICES STAFF ARE COLLECTING
THE RECYCLABLE FOR RECYCLING, THEIR INPUT WILL BE
VALUABLE.
                            91

-------
             PROGRAM MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Program evaluation staff will:
          Ensure that the recycling program is running smoothly and that objectives
          are being met

          Be responsible for conducting periodic inspections of office areas to
          evaluate segregation practices

          Post recycling statistics indicating program success

          Contribute articles to agency bulletins and newsletters reminding
          employees of the recycling program's objectives and reporting the
          program's status
PROGRAM EVALUATION STAFFS RESPONSIBILITIES WILL
INCLUDE THOSE LISTED HERE.

THE INSPECTION OF OFFICE AREAS WILL INCLUDE MONITORING
RECYCLING CONTAINERS FOR CONTAMINANTS AND SCREENING
WASTE BASKETS FOR RECYCLABLE MATERIALS.
                                92

-------
            PROGRAM MONITORING AND EVALUATION



An effective evaluation program will solicit:

    •    Reactions to the recycling program, and

    •    Ideas for program improvement from employees.
SOLICITING REACTIONS TO THE RECYCLING PROGRAM AND
IDEAS FOR PROGRAM IMPROVEMENT FROM EMPLOYEES WILL
ALLOW YOU TO IMPROVE YOUR PROGRAM OVER TIME AND
MODIFY IT TO FIT THE CHANGING NEEDS OF YOUR STAFF.
                            93

-------
            PROGRAM MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Establish a baseline from which to evaluate and measure the progress of your recycling
program by:

     •    Determining the current status of recycling at the facility

     *    Assessing current knowledge of, and attitude toward, recycling


THE WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS PERFORMED PRIOR TO PROGRAM
INITIATION WILL PROVIDE MONITORS WITH A FACILITY
BASELINE WITH WHICH TO COMPARE MONTHLY RECYCLING
STATISTICS.

TO ASSESS EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT TO THE RECYCLING
PROGRAM, A STAFF QUESTIONNAIRE CAN BE DISTRIBUTED.
PERIODIC UPDATES OF THIS QUESTIONNAIRE CAN INDICATE
INCREASED KNOWLEDGE AND SUPPORT OF THE PROGRAM.
                            94

-------
            PROGRAM MONITORING AND EVALUATION
To accurately measure the progress and success of your recycling program:

     •    Keep an accurate record of costs, revenues, and quantities of recyclable
         material collected

     •    Monitor recovery rates and participation

     •    Report successes and problems to management and employees
AN ACCURATE MEASURE OF PROGRAM SUCCESSES AND
PROGRESS WILL HELP REVEAL ANY PROGRAM DIFFICULTIES
ALLOW THE PROGRAM COORDINATOR TO INCREASE THE
PROGRAM'S SUCCESS THROUGH PERIODIC PROGRAM
MODIFICATIONS.
                             95

-------
PROGRAM MAINTENANCE
         96

-------
                    PROGRAM MAINTENANCE

In order to maintain employee cooperation, the Program Coordinator must:

•    Infuse energy

•    Make necessary adjustments to operational and/or physical changes in your office
     environment

•    Communicate program successes to program participants and Agency
     management

*    Encourage feedback from program participants
ONE MAINTENANCE RESPONSIBILITY THAT BEFALLS THE PROGRAM
COORDINATOR IS TO REGULARLY INFUSE ENERGY INTO THE PROGRAM
TO ENSURE THE ENTHUSIASTIC PARTICIPATION OF AGENCY STAFF.   |

IN ADDITION, THE PROGRAM MONITOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAKING
ANY NECESSARY ADJUSTMENTS TO MEET OPERATIONAL AND/OR
PHYSICAL CHANGES THAT MAY OCCUR IN THE OFFICE ENVIRONMENT.

FOR INSTANCE, GROWTH IN STAFF OR A LOCATION MOVE WOULD
REQUIRE SOME DEGREE OF PHYSICAL ADJUSTMENTS TO THE PROGRAM.
COLLECTION BINS AND RECEPTACLES MAY NEED TO BE RELOCATED, OR
A NEW ARRANGEMENT OR SCHEDULE CHANGE FOR PAPER PICK UP MAY
NEED TO BE MADE WITH THE CONTRACT.

AN OFFICE RECYCLING PROGRAM MUST GROW OVER TIME TO ADAPT TO
SUCH CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES.
FEEDBACK SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED AND USED TO REFINE OR
IMPROVE THE PROGRAM.
                             97

-------
                   PROGRAM MAINTENANCE
Reevaluate program goals on a periodic basis
REEVALUATION OF PROGRAM GOALS SHOULD BE PURSUED BY THE
PROGRAM COORDINATOR ON A PERIODIC BASIS. ISSUES SUCH AS
PROGRAM EXPANSION TO INCLUDE OTHER DIVISIONS OR GROUPS, THE
ADDITION OF NEW RECYCLABLE MATERIALS TO THE PROGRAM, ETC.
ARE EXAMPLES OF SOME ISSUES THAT MIGHT ARISE DURING YOUR
PROGRAM REEVALUATION.
                            98

-------
BY FOLLOWING THE STEPS DESCRIBED TODAY,
 YOUR RECYCLING EFFORT WILL BE OFF TO A
            GREAT START!

                 99

-------

-------
Section 2.2  Paper Copies of Slides for
            Overhead Transparencies

-------

-------
 ••
    O
o
    Z Q

H
U
O

-------

en
Ed
y
E
^^^^
EK<
YCLING IN FEDERAL O
U
Ed
^
04

03
tt
o
^
^*H
Z
p*^
Q
a:
o
O
u
VIINAR FOR PROGRAM
p— ^
H
^^^^
03
O
z
z
5
^*H
tf
H

CD
(C
™
»»~
^4
g
tf
•D
The Benefits of Source Reduction ai

•

t_
Designating a Program Coordinatoi

•
s

W3
Performing a Waste Stream Analysi

*
a

Performing a Market Analysis

;>
^^

Establishing a Recycling Contract

,. •
>

Selecting a Collection System

•
M
>

Educating Employees

•
NN
>

s
Program Monitoring and Evaluatic

•
NM

Program Maintenance

•
X
r ~

^ 4
*
+.
\

s
55
fe
§
1
2
•5
60
•5
"5
^
-------
z
o
u
Q
Ed
PS

8
z
Ed
oa
Ed
8
I
g
-------
o
z
2
u
^M
r*
u
Ed
B!

Q
Z
•^
^N
Z
o
H

U
4^
PC

U
U
fig
o
t/5
Es.
O
TAl
v^J
H
S
W
Z
K
fiQ

(V
tn
CO
£
."2
*©
en

(fi.
"5
'E

E
I**
O
en
e
0
•**
e
•••
•^
E
QO

T3
4»
2

^*
•N
£
e?\

S
NN

o>
'en
CO
^

."2
1
^^A
ributor o
^B
O

OA
2

.ss
g
a>
e
a>
e
a
2
cu
1
cu
S

^3
(a
5
*s
3
on
(C
*>
1
0
£*
£
&

'C
i
V
0)
Ofi
J2
so
|S
H 1

•*^
a
<*•*
«
is
*u
a>
^^F
«
-------
o
z
NN
u
u
C£
Q
Z
z
o
H
u
Q
Ed
a
w
04
*^
o
C^
ts,
o
rf\
H

U-
U
Z
tt

• •
0}
g
§

es
£
o
1

S
o
t«
o
S
a>
H

OD
c
S
•o
es

•

2
O
!
s
2

-------
o
z
Ed
06
Q
Z
z
o
H
u
Q
Ed
Qg
Ed
Eb
O
Ed
Z
Ed
aa
0£

e
3
§o
*3
CQ
P
CQ
4)

11
£ o
SS B
BO
'w
GO
B
.2
'a.
o
0)
u
3 'W
U

V
I
Q.
E
0)
s
1
£
o
I
I
s
I
I
-------
u
U
Ed
tf
Q
Z
Z
O
H
U
Q
Ed
fltf
Ed
U
Eb
O
Ed
Z
Ed
CQ
VJ
O
U

Cfi
CQ
4>

4>
CQ
E
4)
on
CQ
II
a .£
^_ ^V
U
i
U
U
4> S
J= CQ
en 4)

3 CQ
(A
e

1
c

|
"CQ

4)
C

Ofi
4>

I
g.
S
5
U
&
-------
o
z
u
U
Ed
Q
Z
Z
o
u
Q
Ed
Ed
U
fig
3
o
&
Eh
O
E*
Ed
Z
Ed
M
e
3
«
CD
a
e
a

= a*
"= «
a

I
a» 5
*^ .2
W5 ^

i =

M
O
jg

£
oc

z r
2 S
H '-5
8 *
S ^
£ I

^ S
2 I
td Q.
i i
z *
o g
tf n
CB T=

.S
"3
s
S. >•
a
•o
o
OS
i
!
&
-------
o
z
u

u
o
z
z
o

H
U
Q
CsJ
O
t/3

O
Z
Cad

OS
M

w
II
s I
o 5
u 8
"2 *
•a
e
a
u
3
•o

£1
u

O
C/3
E

i
w
u
o
O
tt

1
4>
c
V

3
.O
cs ^ «r

II i

^^ •• Q
C8 2. **
I
ca
o
CO
2 5
'*- C

i I
= §

it
Q g
1 S -3
3
M O

£ OJD

3 Ofi
L, -—
^ O

c 5*
I
s
I
I
-------
o
z
o
a
v
at
Q
Ed
O
5/3
o>

£ v
I
CB J=

B **
3 ^
•O £
i
1

-------

z
o
H
U
Q
&N
OS
Ed
U
fiti
3
O

* *
Q
O
=
ES
s
j
•4
GENER
en
"5.
u
0)
£
Of)
.S
15
0>
CM
OJD
e
<•»
^•B
U
ts
CQ
^
o>
0
T3
o>
tf

«
2
1
a
W5
CQ
JB
U
3
S
tn
05
i
"i
3
a>
.S
*u
CQ

O
c
O
CQ
O>
.S

13
E
o
•o

n
N
CQ

CQ
g
0)

1
a
CQ

Of)
§
d. 3
0)
en
Eliminate the
3
O
>»
(C

V
N
• •*

8
u
C CQ
E
Substitute less
CQ
ems
ure
Pr
8
2

-------

z
o
H
U

SOURCE RED

CIFIC PRACTICES:
a
CN
CC

.2
**
SB
La
a.
QA
£
^
Bt
O
1
Q.

•a
U
03
•o
^
DC
B
1
O
•o
."2
I
1

3
1

•o
£
(B
a
o
B
OB
U
a>
_e
Modify documents on-screen, rail

Ofi
.S
|
o
^2
03
£

t
•g
03
O
A
.S
€
••
a
Maximize use of voice mail and b
paper memos

j
1
B
60
•S
1
*
rA
I
"oJ
it*
e
Reuse items such as transmittal ei
binder clips, hanging files, etc.

8
S
15
03
Q.
CB
•o
4)
"S
a
o
•o

4)
03
f
"03
U
'5.
o
•o
B
03
O>
.S
G.
tt

•

U
0>
Q.
03
fi.
^f
^
|
(A
2
(A
03
2
•o
•o
"5

•

!
i
2
•1
2
•S
00
•S
-------

o
H
U
=i
Q
W
Qtf
r ^
bd
U
Qtf
3
O
C/3
^v^

» •
a
tz3
WN
g
H
Z
0
U
CO
U
y
H
U
^
*•*
A>
a
ft.
y
S
NH
U
f ^
EH
a.
CO

TJ
B
^Mt
C3
03
•a

CQ
o
.D
^
^•i
15
w
#N
•
DC
»
sS
2
"•3
v
0X3
(B
•^<
*u
K^
^
«
; of renewab

2
«P»
6^
"u
>>
U
0)
U
2
£
U
+*
*s
1?
CA
U
0
V3
."§
*u
o>
15
E
W)
^B
•^4
U
CQ
Q.
O
A
C3 CA
"E"^
>» T*
w is
O 4>
2- ta
i s5
B £
B OJD
0) .E
2 ^
3 U
V A
tf Q.

•

OJD
B
*OJD
es
^
• %
u
CQ
Q.
V
U
3
-O
2
O
•**
.£
«,
iU
*33
s
Q.
4)
>
O>
B
0)
f
=:
"a
^
B
•^
o>
en
03
|
£

•

L.
0)
Q.
CQ
Q.
B
03
U
V
1
&
a
v
s
o
U
JU
^
^2
At
CQ
V5
3
2
0)
V3
_

•

O>
JC
*ri
O
•4>d
E
o>
^^*
•*rf
OJD
.E
"o3
en
ba
o
an
VH
B
*OJD
CQ
U
X
i
J2
Sf?
0>
OJD
."2
*C
"u
CQ
U
U -S
O) ft)
•+* •^
II
0. «-
«- ^
-------
z
o
3
Q
w
0*
Ed
w
o
CM
O
u
2
OJD

.S
•**
«
fc
•**
CQ

OA
4S 0)
.2
c
a
en
Mi
(B
12
I
.§ «

O
W
B
I
i

-------
z
o
H
u
Q
Ed
fig

Ed
U
tf
o
a.
QJ
u

e
v

I
a

I
66
O
CA

L.
O
Q.

8
I
CA

2
OX)
.± ft
e
CA
8'
I

-------
H
U
Q.
1/3
5«
•<3 NN
H H
tf U
H
Z
Ed
U
O
OS
eu
Q
a
Z Ed
fe
O
OD
u

•O
c
CQ
C
o
?
o
3
O
en
CD
.C
O
a.
3
•*^
S
0)
•o

a>
a.
O
0)
i
*
s
§

Ofi
£
= 1
CQ
•o
U.
.O
I
CO
•M
i*
O
O.

£
A *
o £
V?
? S
2E
G. O
oc £
c
a
£ ..
a 4»
= s
^ 3
> 1)
£ js y "S
•a 73 b 2
2 fe
U -*^
3 CQ
O £
2
O
O
I
&
-------
H
U
W
o<
Cfl
II
H H
as U
O 3
A* Q
IS

5S
• PS
H 3
Z O
a ^
^fe
W O
5
U
O
si
I
0>
U

o
O)
•M
CM
U
O
en
3
e
a
OJD
C
O)
O
* =
O
C
u
O
3 C3
S •**

11
O>
a
o

o.
•o

CQ
jy
2

3
•o

A
(A

,"°
*O

o>
u
• •M
•<—»
U
«

OJD
c
0£
93
C5

o *ob

•5*-!

^ a<

I S
S3 2
^ o
CA
iJ E 5 £
&c •••
e OJD
'S..E
CL u
o a
"S p
*- fe
u fi*

i §
O>
£
cu
£
H
c
|
a "
**
a a
4) 4>
0
.' --2
'o %
$ i
I

"§
00

I
-------
H
U
Ed
ft,
« u
°i
U
z o
u tt
W O
fiti
D
o
CM
eu
u
S3
O

Q.
A
CO
o
c

ii
2c

II
O ^

I ff

-1
•o o
•= £
e «
W5 C
O) C
3 ?
0«S

"
O

"8 >
O
ves
21
emse
£
I
^ c
o E
S Q.
S« o
05

U)
3
U
S
eu
OX)

*u
S
o.
I
I
&
-------

H
U
H
ft*
CO
^£
^^
H Z

^J-l ^_^
H H
« U
O 3
a, o
5 H
^^ 05
Z td
< U
ROCUREMENT -
OF SOUR
c.

c«
eral Procurement Activiti
•o

A
rt
en u
E '^
,« C3

u en
33
0 *u
a. *-
^H
2 S
8 "O
.= o>

B |
Si ^^
— u
fc «

Kb CQ
**

•
O
a
i
2
-------
eu
a
H
CO
u
u
a
0ti

as
Ed
cu
4)
«*

tt)

1
S 8.
e us
o> 7
OJD O
u A

2 OJD
g
O j£*
*- *r

8-8

E £

s a

s >
e o
oc ^
vw ^^
i
o»

1
^

"3
CM
o

*
I
£
U
s
13
oc © — 2
gab g
5 SB a- *
-------
e.
Cd
H
O
Z
u
[id
t*
U
O
o
E
o
4| CQ

O ^
«;
CQ
0£
O
JS

"Z3

CQ
cs
•o
B
CQ

tt
A

5 .2?
ll
E
i
o
I
2
I
c

-------

z
o
SEPARATl
a
u
06
D
O
03

Eg
M
W
• ••
u
4>
^^
«
E
4)
•*-
•s
i>
OJ
^y
w
9
E
o
•o
«
£*
73
a
0*
^ •*
c ** —
O w ^
• ^^ ji \ QJ
^* ^^ itr
^ r^ <*rf
« a »
u w v
1 -ai
4)
K •
a
o
^

evenues
h
V2
0>
.8P
4)

W
0£
(S
ffl
•

I
8
I
I
•
-------

z;
O
H
at
^
g^
i^^
MM
^^
U
u
at
s
O
1/3

• •
a
u
04D
U
04
a
03
a
*S
*u
C3
^
08
W5
.s
*«3
g
u
^
15
a>
C
v
OD
2
Cfl
es
£
O

u
Q.
ee
a
•9
1 |
"O oi
2» u, «
•• ^ «
^3 ^^ U*) IMI
Js Q- S o
1 White and co
> Computer pa
• Business forn
> Stationery
Data tabulati

• Newspaper

ontainers
Corrugated c

Envelopes
File folders

O
f\l

^>
so
§
OS
-------
t/J
§
a
BQ

<
J

U
Ed
S
H
O
U

§
a
o"
v
I E
| 2

.2 §?

I a
S oc
£ .5
U 73
a

I
a
OJD
1
U
01

S
CQ
*-

»3
.S

£
IS
S..
4)
U -O
E
o
§£

"1
"• O

fi °
5« •««
0» o>
o.^
« U
V CQ
•> S
en e

.2 «
_. c5
cs e

§ °
.2 ^
O) j8
3
S
O .S
I
&
-------
g
s
06
O
O
u
O
o
M
Q
o
1
c
"•**

s:
-------
C4
O
2

3
O
O
U

s
<
»
o
o
G6
a.
8.
8
8
(A

O
u
O
I
5
e
a

"3 E
9 R
•a u
ram Coordinat

overall program
i»
2 co
*s c
§ °
o •—
si

= &
2 ff
OJD >»
^3 S3
i
I
-------

Jg.
o
H
PROGRAM COORDINA

1?
"O .
.£
ities of the Program Coordinator
BM
is
X
o

en
i
ex
2
••
0.
*33 OJD
>» C8 ^
"3 o 5=
c -3 *»
« " E
1 1 8 1
£ § ID 1 |
w 5 o «» s
lating the program
forming a market analysis and waste
ining Program Monitors
eloping and implementing the collect
luating the program and tracking pr
eloping program reports
ilementing employee education progr
ouraging employee participation
rdination with Agency and building i
*-U«>C3>"-<-»®
•=52^>^ = co
£o*HfiUOMEiJU

O
XD
8
-------
fiti
o
z

5
C*
O
O
u
as
O
fit
o
U
CQ

Ofi

2
a

Ofi
e
a
Ofi

.£
*55
O
2

O
u

Ofi
I
O
a.
Ofi

£
"5

"s
CQ
Ofi

O
c. u
« 2

II
.22 Ofi
i
I
o
I
-------
I o
a
o
flS

z
o
as
O
O
04
a.
o> CL

§ §
6£ CJD
••• *p"'
£ «

"^ k
« °
•fi c
2 .2
a .2
o >
pm mmm
•S T3
(M CQ

I S"

I «§
01
8
Cfl
JS %
•*-» CQ

U Cfl
=
O
CA
.2 w

H
U
O)
« J« g

DID S U

£ « E
CU ** eq

•81 &
=*- J"
O ft*
O
QC
S
I
I
I
oe
-------

C/2
C6
O
H
Z
O
S
§
«!
^^
C6
^^^^
o
o
as
eu

• •
0
•M
w

"w
E
2
'5
o
M
S
E
2
01)
0
s*
Cu
o>
-c
*s
s
W
•••
••1
IS
"3
c
o
Q.
(A
V
tf

^
I
2
a,
7,
a>
CA
S
OX)
(B
*53
A
£
CQ
M
«
S
5
€
8
OX)
.S
"U
fe*
iiwP
£
13
OX)
^-
w
S

•

§
**
ea
.8*
"5
•••
t
9
a,
£
t
T5
!•••
0)
00
s
*eb
2
3
8
K

•

e
^
CQ
M
^
>»
•2
"5.
a>
OX)
(B
1
ms and ed
program
.= oc
H
a S^
or 5^
00 P
It
S 5»
Is
5 M
< CO

•

4w
'S
1«
&
C5
•\
00
•i

^
(A
E
0)
3
2
a
>>
es
e
_e
^•B
«
!•
O
*-
«
••o
u
1
V
JS
00
«E*
i
o
Z

•

^^•^k
^ N
i
A
a>
u
v
"o
£
en
]w

§
u
t_
••
o
(A
V
3
o
!_
a.

to
8
i
o
•3
fe
•§
m
k,
•S
£
!
H*
OS
-------

Ed
U
Z

CQ
-^2
i
•^^
^__«
^••v
CM
O
^
A
auinsuo;
w
CA
CQ
U
CD
£
a
OX)
"5^
w
V
£
o

•

e^«
2
"3
o

f
•
•
^
s"
fa.
0)
CA
4>
gj
O
0
z;

•

"5
u
'o
u
a.
13
13
1
'o
B
O
•o
ea
oc
|i
•iB ^
W B
flj C*M
u B
U *^
Q. 2
«s
S"l
£ B
o S

•

s
I
-------

u
z
$
£rt
td
Q*
O
z
i
o
u
Ed

V)
+•*
e
£
i
•o
c
CQ
1
4>
E
§
Jbm
">
41
O
e
o
4)
3
OX)
c

"^
• M)
£ as
^*
"3
4> *
U

4)
O
5
OJO
1
t
*o
§
*53

A
E
e
5
00

*c3
jj
OS

•

•V
>)
J2
flu
§
4)
C
o
g
"O
3
w
O
|
e
4>
§ £
4» 3
1|
1 i
c
M i
e P
s w

Sj '
4k> "*
^^^j 4H(
^^^ V^f

u.
e
a
o
_g
^5
o
oc
|
OX)
'•3
es
u
O.
c?
i
ea
£
a.
OX)
"S
4^
^
8
E
O

4)
W
0
-o c
4> e
BfS
^•^
*i |
"^ iS
•^ .£
11
1 S
ig
fc. e
ff*§
0. 4>
oxi.2
-S"2
^S.
C» p
4> 4)
^^_ •^^^h
81
E o
O •§

^
b^i
%i

s
i
o
i
*>
•^
t*.
-5
Jf
-------
w
w
p*
o
fa
o
z
H

U
^

W
5>3
•3 1
c ^
0)
CA

2
«
2
C3
•M
13
s
a*

O
CA
F S
ng superv
staff employ
manager
B

8
CU

M
*^
v
03
U
+4

O
U
O
*ri
O

E
CQ
O

u
O

a>
§

-------
3
a
OS
H
CO
Ed
H
I
O
OH
o
fe
Ed
ft.
I

&
-------

cc
NM
c»
s
^p
Z
•<
5
^r
C^
H
a
H
t»
^
*^^L
O
Z
i
B<
O
pBM^
PS
&d
fiu

* *
• mm
V5
13
c
C3
^j
S
£
<

B
CQ
is
*U
0)
•«-*
i
Cta
O
.2
1
Q.
S
8
•o
ea
•*•*
B
CQ
VMM
« ^
V) U
Identifie
ofTice's t

•

TJ
B
CB
c"
£
•o
»H.
B
"a
u
s |
M S
rmation n<
i recycling
.2 >
a|
3K
"1 »
A B
._ ea
Provides
operate i

•

.c
•**
.£
•o
0>
•a
s
^

«
o
^^
^^^
•2
15
o
0)
Q.
*^
o>
v -.
.5 e
E *-
U 01)
O O
*•* L.
•o °"
2 .B
^^L 1^^
^•^v 1^^

•

V
.1
t3
'•5
Q.
•^^g
^
"3
e
2
o>
E
o
*o
CA
.2
1
o»
i
•*-»
E
'B
•o

•

i
a.

1
O
1
•^
^
•5
•5
-------
55
a
Ctf
H
Ed
H
50

I
O
Cb
as
a
cu

I
t/3
CQ
I
u
e
O
^
0)
£
CA
O
•I ®
5 -o
•g O
^ 'C
t9 «
<]j Q.
CU

1
^S of
a>

73
Ofi
cn
ec cc

w u
— 4)
CU >
I
CQ

E
C9

t
^* ••
CA Gfl

£ o
OS «

5 ««

=
1
CJD

CQ
l
cu

-------
Ed

O
O

OS
u

O
«

*- U
8

•O
A

OJD

"S
4>
CA

E
11
•£* o
CA W
OX

.£
*u

Q
o

^S
= J
"3 "3

T5 .3

e.i
51 C
a fi
A o
a *-

e E
g
e £

o
8.
3 s a
OJD ??
3

0
s
O*

^
eo
I
-------
G6

O
I
e

o
en
2
e
u M
QJ "O
^5 ^

3 —
E
o
U

0)
5
1
O
e
U
s
**
2
e
"o
U
5/D J2 j£ .2
2
o
3
U
1
o
tx
55

2
b.

•5

00
c
-------
a
Q
o
06
W
A.

£
o
O
M
•o

«
U

Ofi
£
c

1
U
u

1
2,
CA
2
CQ
O
"o
U
]8

s
.
03
O.

T3
0)

8.
t
o
C9

'S
1
I
•
-------

r*\
\J^
a
Q
as
Bb
^
^

•o
*•*
U
a
JC
DJD ^
£ Q
fiu
U
j2
O
t
"3
a
B
o
U

a>
"C
Q.
** ^
83 M
fii
E j

•
•'S *-
03
^ fi.
I II
£ « B
g A 2
SgF ^^^ gji
S «* t-
a § e
03 ft £
^^ _^— hH
T5 ^^ 4^
!••• E5 ^™
B W -S
JS* CD u
"T3 CnXi .^^
c« i *e3
3 « ^
*• S C
a. "52
2 e "5
a § g
« w E
S 2? r
« 03 qj

•

1
••
."2
c
o

"o
c

03
^^
u
a
1
a>
a>
"I
S .
= 1
S Cu
f 1
03 0£
^^^j ^^*W

•

S
03
£!
^4
(«
ts
03

E
o
£
*o
V)
o
a.
3
•
C
3
1

Os
1

I
"Q
|
k.
.5
e
|
-------
•

Ed
Q
^r
ft!
• °
^9^ QC
W
£M
^r
^^
«

•
Cfl
£
•« 5
« ?
o ••
u u £
"O 4> J2 u
v ** 5- .—
? i ,2 o5
"^ *•* S "5.
vj O. Qi C
CQ CQ >> •—
- a *- 2
^ "S OX) » C
"2 = c »j 5 g
V c/) *•• y? U
3 ^ 5- « 's -
•S ** ^*S « c
8 li .S 5 ^ •§

W a> *2L "S ^ ^
^ 25 o -^ ^» CQ
s 1S5 1 5
"S 2 1 « i 8
g .r "a -S -1 ^«
O 2 * £ o •§
w ^ -o ^3 S «
-C Jl C B °- e
OX) ^ O S CL ^
• •• C^ ^^ gg ^^
= S -o b k E .-

^* s? •* (22 CQ js
1 -S a 1 £ 8 f
X S? Ofi B CA fi- T5
UB Ck PM *4 5?^ *«
C JT C SO) O O
CU C! ** *^* ^? ^5 ••£ *v^
DJD £ 3 .^ WM ey Q.
•H ® L. u W CQ > >%
^j r \ •• *^^ -^ *^_ ^^ ^^^ *
SUo^<^ cH
N^ P*N
cu o
^4 0M
•C >C
£ £

0 '
i

^
1
O
"3
w
•5
•5
"C
f
-------
a
Q
CO
as
Ed
eu

• •
u
0>
DA
•o
J£
•o
£
£
"o
U

•R
W
O
.£
•••
^
'•J
S
*u
a
s
» Printed or u
» Photocopies
1 Letterhead
•^ ^ ^

•o
C3

«
w
» *«
2.2
S fe a
in
DC xi ~
.= | ^
•tS « .2
^ «s
? CO >^
• A A
V V

en
&
£
"S
1 Colored envi
W

•o
c
CQ
U
V
a
CQ
a.
v
•H
w
69
U
OJ)
i
OH
15
^25
o
id paper:
A composite
S '
i

M \
V
DC
•o
_o>
v«
w
1
"S
O
^•i
•B
•O
dl V
.1

0>
01)
"O
M
0)
«•
PMM
«v
•
DA
&
jt i
O
A
w*
a
^
•o
S
DC
^
^O

***
V

••m
•^J-
4)
«0
8.

Federal Offices
•S
00
.C
1
1
-------
ta
Ed
Q
06

as
wspaper
u
0)
a
a
a
M
c
•*
£
t«

I E
0) 5
v fcv
O bJD

-s c
c —
a> w
c >«
o v
0)
u
a
•o
c
•a c

K £
o r^
o J-
«'

C5
C >%

11
8 -
e ^ •—
A — w
w 5 ^

e
I
&
-------
cc
w
Q
O
I

-------

m
w
Q
"^3
fiu
o
Qti
0*

0)
.i
pm
0
U
•o
o
•*•*
OD
9
U
U
o
U
1
E -o
ll
va -5
•Ml C
.ti cs
^ V
IE
0- o
3 o
.2 ff
«\ *5i>
t- C3
a J2
es «5
.2 ?,
^^^M jl^MJ i^V
g^
« g a
fc* Q 9
1*2
So 5 .y
8 E '^
*Q
j- ^
^ 13
v ••
,S> u
a^
a3 .SJ
15 ^
u. e
0£ 03
03 "O
Obtain
flattene

•

0
00
8.

•5
c
-------
Q
<
as
as
CA
9
a
Of)
•o -o
2 5
" 'u
c £

"Ts ^
oT oc
« s
8 *c

"o
C8
u
s
"5
CO
tc

'S
u
ea

efi
(g
'•S
CQ

-------
fitf
a
a.

£
0>
O
Cfl

£»

"«
o
•+rf

c
CQ

V
a

CA
0»

1
OX)

a.
j
B ."g
u —
S

3
69
£
'S
i
O
S
1
2
&
-------

c»

Q
<3
— . ^
atf
O
tf
Ed
^•^
fl.
£
PU

^ s
•o
O
S
BC

o
• »
w
¥
tJ
S
o
£*
is
V
*11
V
a.
c«

• •
on
e
S
"O
1
09
S
§
JS
f
(B
e
•**
>
•^•i
a
|
4OT
CQ
O
£

0>
J5
•*^
13
•**
| .2
fl --
2 3
n e
a a
6D
^ 2
JS •
.^ =
^ *
B Ob
O4>
•— ^
|^
l!*
u. S 9
00.0,
5 §, a
^ a
C9 -O S
S Si •«
its
^*< ® a
*n

•

"c
V
B
3
g
•o
o>
•*rf
"S
J.
G
O

u
£
O
13
•**
fc^.
>»
I
•^v
8
CQ (3
£ *>
*»^T ^H
;fc ^
»s
•S §
y "S
CB ^^
u a
±2 u
e **
0 £
U -S

•

N.
•^j.
^>
1

S
f
1
V.
•^
18
c
•••
2P
.5
1
OS
-------
CA
H

Z
z
i
z
o
u
O
0>

J3-

.5
u

a
a
o.

E
o
5 N
mZ CO
— DC

$ B
W C
C

.= -a
«

o
o

"«

S3
§

01)
eo
DC
CM
•e
69
&
cs
w
»••
*J

«
a>
C5

U
3
a a

* 5

« "2
:— co
Oi U
J£

"w
B

£
o
8
I
I

-------

C£
H
Z
<
Z
mmt
CONTAM

• •
^
4>
3
ac

1 *
^ "3
»? S
1 contaminant
tto or memo st
g o
*EL
£• •

en
00

1
"w
^
(U
t«
"3
u, 4«
4) M
a ^
5 e
Q. ^
-2 C
- 1
u ^
Q. V
4) «
^ 1
2 J
lotographic or
ivelopes with p
mm mm
• •

V3
•o
n
«- a-
g. |
. « g
t« Q. B
4» ^
III 1
§. ^ r •§
111 & 1
8 i g 2 «
x >» « £ •&
& — S 2
*55 SQ •;; CB s
I 1 iff
k. B U O ?
0) 4> 4> = «2
H U H U c»
• • • • •

%
^<
-------
o

c»
-!
<
06
r-r-l
UN
H
<
-
w
ECYCLABL
as
as
Ed
X
H
O

CD
E
CQ
cu
4_t
C/2
4)
•tat
rf\
t/j
CQ
£
0)
* i
W
E
O

C
• •4
"CQ
•tat
0)
E
A \
Metal
Pound recyclable
?*>
0
E
E
3
•ta>
s
o
s
O)
H

e containers
OJD
CQ
U
0)
>>
o>
.0
inum
E
jg
M
Cv
.35

r\
•o
•• %
V
•*^
CQ
O
y
.S
^^^
"••*
DX)
.S
•3

T3
^
sIZ'
a
CQ
o
^v
"3
£
C/5
cn
CQ
W
VI
tt
V
^C
*CQ
•tat
0
u
"CQ
•tat
0)
c
tal
o
JB
6

ta»
c
OJ
• ••
u
g
(tai
3
V3
C
• prt
•o
V
8
u
0)
c
fl_i
V
OX)
•tat
0
>»
13
CA
2
CQ
1«"
C
CQ
V
"3
•tat
a>
E
15
•e
c
CQ
»\
0^
1

U
3
O
>»
^
<2
M \
V
•ta»
(fl
vw
•o
• KM
PHM
~

c
CQ
t \
w
CQ
a>
-a
>%
CQ
E
•ta>
3
A
OX)
"w
>»
u
V
u
V
u
€
O
U
£
Cfl
.-
•tat
tat
C
CQ
a<

ing program.
"w
>)
^^ «
u
t
V
u
E

u
e
^
OJD
CQ
O
<^
*>
u
2
-S

sj
-------
X
a
H
§
a
CO
u
u
Ed
u
w
as
H
O
O
£

o
04D
CQ

-------
t/2
a*
Ed
H
Ed
J
aa
u
>
u
Ed
t*
04
Ed
X
H
O
C/3
»
s
S
o
g
s
- O O O O *
^^
I
•8
00
-------

Cd
J
fa
O
ctf
eu
O
z
Q
J
^
09

• •
V
•o
"3
CO
.2
I
^^^
"O
|
is
'3
a
CD

2
O)
^
n

OS
S
_o
MB
"w
£
b. 4}
wT g
8 a
M *
c s5
'•5 *SL
If
•i £
A JS
Ofl ^
.£ j£
li
v o
JS co

fc.
2
tn
MHI
.2
Q.
uT

a
a
w

1-s

&A ^M
It
ts i
•3 >>
^HH ^B
€ E
£ i
J53
^ c
fc 8

•

£
sg
*OJ
^
C3
.s*
r
CQ
O
OD
.S
'S
o

—
£
.2
|
V) 0S
••• u
OA CD
.£- £
*"= OA
^ .s
1!

*•>
*°
!

i
•^
•§
^
•5
«££
U
&
-------
Ed
H
06

Z
O

H
tf
Ed
Z
Ed
a
u

Q,
C O
e S
o CQ
OJ
2
E
O V *•*
.Z e SB
5. * «
S c c
5* — o

5 ffl
ms w
-2 i '!
V.
g
e

a
O
I
1
-8

-------
u
o>
.0

E
9
s
a
>
O
u
a
2
a
Ofi

O)
2
O
C8
3

C
C8
c«

E
o
u
5 *«3 Js
C3
.8 I
« g
cc ca
a a
a. cs (^

O
w

o
it
£ 3
3 >
Us
o
** 5 c

III
^ 2 «
>> O. a
-0 -g 2
•- ^ 2
5 a fe
"S
S S

ll
-. £
s
a
O
I
-------
•o
k.
u
0)
a
a*
>>
L.
OJ
0.
k.
0)
a
a
a
ea
a
a
£
o

2
00
u^

II
II £
Ed
O
U
CQ

«
"a
5?
•o
u
a>
a
a
a
x

^
a>
II

*
o
s-
•a
u
a>
s?
O

O
U
a
S 8.
a
u
a.

2
0.
8
I
I
IS-
-------
53
H
Ed
O
Z
o
I
O
ta
as
8
I

I
.5

s:
-------
3

-C
CA ..
2
OJD
X

.£
OJD
^^
a

i.
at
CQ

OJD
H
Ed
o fl
U 08
U CA

o .a

^ E

2 g
CQ O
Q, §
O» V

W C

2 I
£ 2
§
V

Q
en
a>
4^
CQ

1
u
O
A
jg

•o

* 5 i

** "5 c

I .s- i
*-S o CL
I
OQ
-------

H
Ed

"8
Q,
cv
0>
o

CQ
ss

u
i
CQ
0.
^•» ^^»

1 l

w ^
c -^
— e
rr CQ

^ &
^ «

CQ CQ

V g

•O *

2 e
OJD £
CQ
0)
O W

i |

8«S -5
••• w t_
g ^-O

« o> **

5 H
o
0\
•o
I
i

I
•
-------

^j
NM
^^
S
<:
2
ARKET A
S

1
CO
s
a
1
t*
DJD
.£
ts^
^^
5
S
v
J3
•*^
•^
U
1
O
O
rdinator can
U
£
A
P
0.
o
H

I
• *
g informal
(&
™
^*

OX)
1
*3
A
4)
JJj
^^
Of)

>•
ba
3s
U
JU
CO
§
."2
1
1
The munic

01
75
"3
1
dj
state governmi
•o
«
S
e

e
CQ
^U
*5
E
g
^
c
CQ

Z
J_)
0)
U
03
S
cZ
CA
03
V)
«•
Publicatior

^»
A
2
73
ts
s

Is
is
s
Q.
&
?
.
«\
V9
L.
V
C
O>
U
Of)
e
M
W
>»
U
o»
?
U
0>
^
e
a
t«
I
•^
^
••••
0)
1
EL.

•

"a
S
a
CA
•
u
•
-------

'8
0>
C/5
53

5
<5
z
•<
H
Ed
*
as
<
S
O

O
so

a;
£
.52 -
a C
*C .2
o> •*•*
-2 «

ii
M£
.s.s
w
.s
V
t5

i
CQ

OJD .2
"B « S
z *- «—
t i

1 =
« O
V3 W
= 4)
O)

1
ment available

actor or hand
ec
.2
*u
0)
«tf
CQ

N 8
^S -a

.2 **

'S ^>
"ft ^
CQ V

E a-
Jl **»

.2 **
§ i
§ =3
W V

S r
=5 £
1
es

V)
ructures
i i
^
u

S
i a
S o

B !5
i
i
-------
H
Z
o
u

o
Z
u
u
Ed

aa
c
2
fe
3
-------
H
U
o
u
g
Ed
H
I
S £
V *•

£ =
OJD
8 w
% V
CQ S
o
3 C
o
*- o
OJD
H ®
O
I
I
1
.5
60
•5
I
-------
H
U
as
H
U
Ed
Ed
ft.
0
c

-C
0>

I
Jfi
f 1
OD
C8 «.
h J

I.*
a

&
-------
06
H
z
o
o

C0
Ed
Cfl

8
2
O>

0)
to

I
cc
.«
'5
2
o
w

OJD
2!
v
Q.
C

O
^=2*
CS •"• La

O
I
I
I
&
-------

C^3
H
^ ^
<
QM
H
Z
o
u

o
r^
r i
y
BN
^
H

• •
-*2
Z
U
O
&C
CL
"1
£

^^j|
^
S

•o
c
fi
^pvi
n
Q.
^5
^
13
^^i
^^»
O ^
si
^5 -M
O CQ
Is
tf3 t^t
^j p j
IS

at ^*
— e
CQ V
•B ^
pBH| ^^j
^^"
•o §•
••• M
© ^

•

^
O
a
a.
3
2 £
^. -^
U CQ
V5 i
a> ^
CJ ^i
c "o
1 e
.2 4>

C tt^
8|
C £
CQ 03
•jh •MM
| |
" E
V ^
5 5
**• tj
° S
S B
CQ O
J= Ofi
2 »S >»
£ ^ JM
1 ?!

•

•o
2
CUD
15
a
*^
V
•*^
o
0£

•3
o
o
CQ
>»
S
CQ -o
&i O)
II
•JCit
•*- W5
«' **
•S 08
< E

O °
^!"
-a E
> «
2?
CU CQ

•

a-i
Pjj
ft.

S
1
1
^J
U
U,
e
•**
1
-------
o>
u
«

"2L
O
J2 c
*
H
U
06
H
Z

o
U

Eb
O
e
>»
u
2

1
CO

O
a.

Jj
o
§.
a
a,
-s a
r
u
a

o
v
OX)
I
5JD
a
a
•a
a
«j
3
CQ
3
-------
C/3

U
t*
H
Z

o
u

EK.
O

GC
a
O
CJ

o
OJD

.E
'N
en
44
DA

SJ .2
2
**

§
u
0>
u
V

•£
*£

•o
CQ

•o
c
03

V)
4>
JB
en
CO «5

•*-• m
en «
D£
^e

S
t«

S
•o
CQ

B
B
.SJ

i
x
03

« M
>t ^>

H
o w
M
S,
£
«
I
&
-------

TA>
£
%
ry*
wfi
H
Z
O
r \
w
fe
O
Cd
a
fiu
>>*._.
>«
H

0 0

t5
2
4^
0
u
W)
e
*••
* «
V
>>
i
U
<
^N
C/3
o
A
cv
Cfl
'o
e
CQ
V
9
£
£
v
•CS
>
ao
^K. A
01)
Si
M\
V
•*rf
(C
w
ts
"S
0>
t3
2
fmt
O
u
MA V3
M ^
.E T3
U *i
i^> c
g&
-*< c
^ 8
CO ar>
O «
® S
Z £
•

CM
O
CA
WJ
.Si
«ri
e
a
sT
cu
"S
E
en
4)
^
a>
cu
Ofi
"S
e
o
•o t.
£>S.
e CQ
g &
Of) CU
68 §
a *
< *
•

en
C
0
.S
1
u
>?
•^^
§
en
s
*u
tn
e
^•t
I
Z*
3
en
en
g-
CU
»
•3
•

o
I
I
I
•
-------

H
U
^*N
4^^p
H
Z
O
U
U,
o
™
fiu
H

2
U
CQ
~ £
§1
£2
^ 2
® ^
U O

"S -^
JB w
^ ^
Q. *-
O ^
•* CQ ••
0> U OX)
5 c.S
•o o -o
0 W £
•S DD "3
0> = C
C^ ^^M *P*I
O cj ^
5 SL W5
1 |f
*- ^ Cfi
.a B .a
53 cv w
CO ^ 5
S e -a
• M flj __
= i 5
r i> t-
^ *B C^
5f S >
<•§ 8

|
s
u

]5
«^
&.
i
Is
^^
•a
(C
"o
U

•

CQ
U
o

£
DJD
Mi
nd overseeii
vi A
Inviting bid:
Developing ;

• •

c
£
5
"3
1?
S
dj
Mr
OJD
CO
S
69
£»

U
S.
o
£
fi.
the Federal |
^^^
e
««
Ofi
*U
a>
•o

•

-------

cc
H
rj
s^
^
^*i
^
^<,
MB)
H
Z
O
u
f^
w
o
_ ^^fc
C£
Cd
Pk
K^ .
>*
H

"w
>«^
?%
o
0>
C
^
4>
•a
c
/• \
w
CL
a>
^
w
• ^
C9
OA
£
"S.
^O
*3
^ ^
V
•0
*s
V
OX)
2
'S
S ••
i«
.2 ^
•8 2
S e
e s

* •
0£
•••
'3
w
&
^
X
JU

i
^»
1Z
s
w

y
s
ft_
Mi
CO
a>
e
a>
H
•

2>
13
*-5
!s
•ta»
o
&
a
M
"eS
CJD
v
•a
c
CQ -
J 0
?i **
w &
s o.
2 3
to "
•33 g
M
>» S
w fe «
e 2 .2
•M ;5 S
"B M =
frS'l
2 2 1

i i i

pA
V3
a>
r \
u
3
O
§
••
|
V
*«»
•
ex
§

o
I
8
2
I
•5
60
S
1
-------
z
o
H
o
u
o
z

H
Ed
H
tv,
2
s
1
00
s:
-------
H
CC
VI
z
o
H
a
H
«•*
e
*5
&

I 2
O
2 S
5W _-
CQ S5

^ I
i i
c:

§
~ e
£
'S

O
ec J9
= .2
2 «
i
>» o>
g ^
t- £J

C3
O

I
M

«2
u
2

1
W
OJD

I
OD .=
2 i
« 9
CO
k. .
L. CQ

i
!
-------
•
1
H
Z
O

H
U
a
O
u
O

O.
>»
u

O
03

u
- 2
I
S
«
5
Ofl
"8
03

CJD
"
OX)
OX) .5

« V

"C ^^
O en
•*"* 4>
C5 ^
S^
C9

« "3
s
S
va

C8 ^

-i- e
*•
5
3
c
03

U
03
OJD

O
a
2 o
o

I
•5

e
-------

Q*
Etl
ft,
£

_v
IPB*
•C
a
H
Ks_l
5i
2:
O
PM^^
H
U
Ex}
^
O
u

1*
c
* MH
s
*G
0
13
•o
•4^
)
^J
• -^<
Nv
• *•
<••-
5

g
2
01)
£

OD
^
w
u
&
a
a. .*
s
u a;
C t^
O &

£
^
±
2
u £
§" 5*
CL V
"S B
i g
& .5
u "O
t- ea
•2 &S
U 2
e u
*J5 O
'S b.
8 |
o <

• •

i
!

-------
Ed
ft,
H
CO
Z
O
H
Ed
4)

"3
-
a
C5
a g
«9 2
o> w
I 2
La •*-•
^ s
CB
•ta»
0)
U
CQ
O
•+ri

I
o
E
CB
S2
o>
"3
I
O)
>»
^

"5-
£ w -
.S
u
O>
a
C3
O
o
u
0)
£ CB
= 2
3 *
**• 0>
= 3°
4> g

ll
IS
5

I
-------

as
P*
£
• •
Tf\
*JJ
fcN
§

H
C/2
>*
M
Z
O
M
U

o
rj
^^

Cfl
O
CA
.£
DA
e
*5
£

£
**•
0>
JS
r\
JN k
w
u
CQ
a
V3
V
DA
eg
o ••
* -g
ff 8
.s «y
u ±:
••• *^^
M ^
5. "O
g-«
s*
B ._,
« «
^ i

ff-
CA
u
«
^* 2
"So .S
3 u
o a
e «
a> .c
v c^« .tS
DO 13 >
fa «
^ ^ -a
"T w a>
&> O «ri
« — «
w 2 ^
a> .0 o
Of) -, U
^M ^Br |M«
C5 «
co ,5 «fl
0) «•» «
JB e JS
^^ M ^^
C9
*~ — — -
Cfl rj C«
• • •

?-•
^
"55
r*s
Vj
O)
u
u
CQ
±»
*33
C9
O
^
^
•o
oc

If*
w
••
•o
C5
O
*-
C8
«
^3
^^^1
"W
Ofi
1
CQ
£
<
•

hs
Pv.
1 ^^
%)
a
\M
ft.

S
1
I
£
.5
VI
c
!
QC
-------

OS
ON
-J
c£
p**
• •
1/3
£

H
Cfl
*s_
>
^ ^k
C0
Z
O
H
U
Ed
-
-1
O
U

• •
mc
•O
Vv
£
2
ts
v
^
•••
c
«
u
U
o
Q.

o
V
4)
0*

5/3
1
£
CQ
V)
W
fi
C5
U
«
z
o
s

•

a
3
-a ^c
!•!
4) °-
-^o
« >>
™ 68
U "°
w
^ 0)
o|
12 °
t ^
s ^
• •M Q
W5 ill --£
u 5 "o
i e en
s 1 S.s
« 5 •= "2
o o £5
-oo i .2
~ w c ^
- ^ 3 •=
21 52

• • •
• •
u
o

en
,B
2
a;
Ofi
u
-2
u
O
V3
!s°
CA
a>
.S
*S3
*^
o
u
v
s>
t>
^
£
L.
a
^c
4>
iHM
~
1
e
•a
2
o
5

•

i
i
•>*.
1
a*
£
c
'M*
00
e
;_••>
cj
?
QC

-------
CO
S
Ed
H
CC
z
o
U
Ed
O
U
•o

cs
Cfl
OJD
& .tS
T3 *

« -a
oj so
U

CA
C
O>
0X5
CQ
U

O)
13
S.c
.ts
S ^
2
u

'S
S
o
W S
= .1
o
I
V

--* O

^ 13
I!
S s
.2 >•
I «
OQ e
s «
e
£ 3
I
I
-------
H
cc
E
.£•
'3
OX)
c
Z
o

H
-1
O
CO
jy

"o
o> o>
= c

1?
£ 3
I
o>
•o
^3
"3
g 35
2 o «
8
a

2
CO
4*

*3
CQ
W

O
0£
CQ
II
Su

-------
a
H
cw

O
a
O
u
o
V
«-
a5 o
a
A
a
CQ

••

«
o .2 ~3 «3

cs
u
OX)
CQ ^ ,

T! B »
£
0)
•a

" O

OJ DC

S o
00
%>

I
e
o
u

OJD

I
I
fto
•5

1-
-------
2
E
H
O
H
c»
SN
CO
H
U
O
u
O
c 53
•^pt A

a w
E 0>
2
0) ^
«> tn
8 «
O «S
8
OJ

2
g
.5
C8
-

CQ "04D
i:
8
I
I
£
-------
t/J
O
-J
Bu
Ed

O
Z
u
3
a
I

-------
Ed
EsJ
O
J
su

s
Ed

Q
Ed
• •

Cfl
C9

r
OX!
8

£
O
en
•**

OJ
CQ

Q,
O 'X
•a ^
B as
I-
CC

<
8
I
00
c:
-------
50
Ed
Ed
o
J
0*
S
Ed

O
Z
Q
Ed
o
•**
IS
3
1«
I
a
i
o
O
JS
CA
I
i
2
I
-------
O
J
Cu
u
D
Q
a
E
30

M
I
&
-------

OQ
^^
w
o
g
s
w
C5
•^
EDUCATE

6D
.£
"53
0.
i
i
to
?
O
i
I
o
Jgj
.y
^
-c 2
•I* va
If
CQ c
2 i*
a &
o v
'u ^
CQ CQ
"** *C

s
2
•M
3
rve natural reso
V
1

•

en
1
.-1
*c
9
£
8
3
e
^
CQ
V5
OJD
1
O
0»
JO
tm
o
U

•

3
CQ
&
E
•o
CQ

>
a

•

O
I
CQ
s
I
1
&
-------
O
^
PU
0> ..
A CD
*" C

51
o =
'C «g
4)

u
5
Q

^
"5
£
OS
•*—
CQ
.2 c
3 3
u Q£
•** B
Sy
>»
O ^
OX}
O

2
CQ
U
Ofl
O

i
J
o •-

11
E E
§ 2
s §?
c g
•3 «
*- u
•a o
21 ^
Q IS
I
I

-------
Ed
Ed

^4
O
A.
a
S^
z
u
Q
Ed

• •
Cfl
JB
S
to
•s
-C
09
^5
O
WJ
a
o
Ct2
••
1 I
u flu
v
•o

*>
1

^^^^

" 5
SB 2
- o -5
s +* •« a>
B •** ** z
U S V B
. "r • ^^ *^
1 lie?
CA fi? s e ^
u OT B 5? 5
V 01 ^ ^ Ofi
u «~ 9 di OA «•
S § *5 Z M £
If 1 '8 1 "S.
•^ O O 0> "T W
« U S Q, i 5
Z CQ fiu ^ £ fl^

• •••••

(M
S
1
•5
w
^J
•§
^)
t*.
•S
j

00
-------
Z
O
Q
Z
g
2
o
H
Z
O
o
o«
a.
I
2
I

-------
z
o
$
Q
2
o
g
5
o
o
66

O
2
* 1
c ®
O OA

'•i I
3 «-
•* OA
(Q O
e
WD
C

I
*-

"2
«

o
OD e

.£ s
18-
5 8
M
s I
g>
OJD
6 t~
es C
o
a.

5
CQ

en
^^ ^

S <
o
os
i
&
-------
z
o
w
fi
z
O
z
g
z
o
fiti
u
o
c
o
15
$

2
a

e
cs
CJ
O**
a>
•g -S
£ ^S

|C "w

I. a
5fl g

>» m
^ 2

S *
2
o
L.

Q
1 -
o
o
U

S E
a ea
i- u
OH OJD

£ 2
cu cu
2
.2
33
CU

-------
z
o
08
Q
Z
Z
2
O
H
M
Z
o
en
OA
L.
recycling progra
re being met
O
cr
en
0)
en
en
e
S9

e»
OX)
p
"S 5
.2 ~
u o
2L2

§> =
•S o
i'i
•g s?
9 U
g OJD
u 8
s s
q^ CQ
cu ^ °
cv en en
S|s
" a g
S -o on
2 = £
M 5 a
I .S
B OJD
"" TT .= en
W) -: 73 9
,B •= 5 **
* ?f
QQ eo
H* S § -
"• di !S
U Z* M u
>> 3 C O

» II I

I 111
O
I
I
eo
-------
z
o
Q
Z
•• f«
.ts S
Z

5
o
a

D£

S
a
DA
E £
Z

O
2

£
a,

o
J2 c
es O
> -2
0)
0)
>>
O
"a
£
v

I
+*
c
a;
£
a

£
a
E

r
a
o
tt
a.
I

-------
z
o
3
J
Q
Z
O
H

O
O
as
a.
91
Cfl
CQ
•o

«
!S
* S
o £
** 68

•§ S?

ft
I 00
4)
JB

™

£
a
S
A e
Ofi
u .=

" S
V
a
C3

•O

OA
O

E
a>
^•^••i Lmt
~ i

•§ Sb
*- P
W a,
i

1
i
-------
z
o
Ed

Q
Z
z
M
tf
O
H

Z
O
O
Si
a.
u

o
o

0)
e
A
en
SJO

£
a
u
a>
3
C
O)
il
•s £
•0 "3
2
g £
<•> A
« a

S "
69 >>
a
.2
03
.2*
]3

"u
e
C5
t
S
c/i
4>
O.
C
CB
O)

a
M
CB
S
CQ

O
•*•»
W3

E
a»

2
o
e
o
8
a,
U OX)

3 .S
CB
8,
I

-------
o
Ed
Z,
Ed
H
Z
O\
DO
8.
O
O
§
I
eo
s:
-------
n
s
OX)
U
Z
H
Z
,0
*
-------
O
z
Eti
H
Z
o
fitf
cu
V

"S
a
§
I
CQ

04D
I

8
fe
2
£
s:
&
-------
o
u

o ^
>> u

*
ll
^ 04D

I
-------
-------
Section 3.0
Recycling in Federal Offices:
Training Seminar for Office Employees
-------
-------
NOTES FOR SLIDE SHOW PRESENTERS
This slide show script is one component of the Recycling in Federal Offices
Training Materials, jointly developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and
the General Services Administration. The program is designed to assist Federal agencies
in designing and implementing multi-material recycling programs. This component is
intended to be used by agency recycling coordinators in designing their own slide show
(approximately 10 minutes long) to educate Federal office workers about the need to
protect our environment through recycling. Note that slides are not provided with this
script - it is incumbent upon you to design a slide show that is tailored to the needs of
your particular facility.

Because of the diverse activities of Federal office places, not all offices will collect
the same recyclables. Therefore, this slide show script includes information on collecting
a range of recyclable materials. All of the recyclable materials discussed may or may not
be included in the recycling program you are establishing. If a particular material is not
included in your program, simply remove the discussion of those materials from the
slides that you assemble for this presentation, and omit the narration that deals with j
those materials.

Additionally, in the segment describing recyclable paper, there are two suggestec
slides that deal with two types of collection systems (i.e., one where employee containeis
are emptied by the employee, and one where the containers are emptied by the custodial
staff). Omit the section of the script that does not apply to your recycling program.

We recommend that when presenting such a slide show you have examples or
models of the following items on hand:

• Recycling containers you will be using at your office
• Samples of materials your program will be collecting
• Samples of common contaminants
• Posters, brochures, and any educational materials you will be using to
promote the recycling program

You may want to make these items available for examination after your slide show, so
that employees may become familiar with the specific containers and materials used by
your program. Be sure to tell employees who they can contact for more information
about your program.
-------
(Introduction Segnv nt)

Slide: 'Recycling in Federal Offices", logo (if available)
Presenter's text:
This slide show is to introduce you to our new [or expanded] office
recycling program. I will be happy to answer any questions you may
have about our program after the show.
Slide:
Picture of office employee discarding waste into a trash can
Presenter's text: Every piece of waste that you throw in a trash can goes somewhere
- it does not disappear.
Slide:

Presenter's text:

Slide:

Presenter's text:

Slide:
Picture of MSW in landfill

In 1988, we as a Nation generated 180 million tons of municipal
solid waste. That is equal to a convoy of garbage trucks stretching
halfway to the moon.
Graphic pie chart showing relative amount of landfilling,
incinerating, and recycling

The most common method of disposing of municipal solid waste has
been landfilling. For many reasons, this method is no longer the
best solution for handling all of our waste management needs.
Landfill with seagulls flying about
Presenter's text: landfills are reaching capacity or closing down in many areas.
Slide:

Presenter's text:
Closed sign on a landfill

By 1995, EPA estimates that approximately half of the current space
in all landfills will be filled.
-------
Slide:

Presenter's text:
Slide:

Presenter's text:

Slide:

Presenter's text:
Slide:

Presenter's text:

Slide:

Presenter's text:
Incinerator with stacks

A new environmental ethic that includes an enhanced concern foir
conserving natural resources and protecting human health and
wildlife is making the public question the safety and adequacy of
traditional waste management methods.

Cartoon of public demonstration against the siting of a new
municipal solid waste facility

New landfills and incinerators are increasingly difficult to site duej to
this public concern and tougher design and operating standards
meant to protect human health and the environment.
Trash can graphic of MSW break-out (from EPA pamphlet
"Recycle")

On average, each Federal office worker generates one-half pound of
waste paper each day. With over 2 million employees, the Federal
Government is a large contributor to our national solid waste
problem.
"Solution = Reduce, Reuse, Recycle"

The best solution to solve the garbage problem is to avoid creating
waste in the first place, and when you do have to create waste,
recycle as much as possible.
Picture of forest/lake
There are many benefits to recycling. Recycling conserves virgin
natural resources that would be used to make products; many times
less pollution is created; less energy and water are used; and scarce
landfill space is conserved.
-------
Slide:

Presenter's text:
Picture of Earth Day rally

As more people learn the environmental benefits of recycling,
support for community-based and office building recycling programs
is sweeping the Nation.
Slide: Picture of bartender recycling

Presenter's text: Everyone is getting into the act, including adults.
Slide: Picture of children recycling

Presenter's text: Kids....
Slide:

Presenter's text:

Slide:
Picture of Federal employees recycling

And Federal employees like you! By recycling in the home and
office, each one of us can do our pan to improve the environment
and make our world a cleaner and safer place to live.
"You are the key to making our recycling program a success."
Presenter's text: Your commitment and participation in our office recycling program
is what will make it work.
Slide:
Presenter's text:
Picture of each of these materials:

Paper
Aluminum Cans
Class Bottles
Plastic Bottles and containers

These are materials found in office waste that are commonly
recycled. Not all of these recyclables are collected at all Federal
offices. At our building, we will be/are recycling
-------
(Paper Segment)

Slide:

Presenter's text:
Slide:

Presenter's text:
Picture of trash can mostly filled with paper

Most of what you throw into the trash can during a typical businc ss
day is some form of paper. Most paper is recyclable, and therefore
it is the material most commonly collected in office recycling
programs.
Examples of the range of paper types acceptable to most recycling
programs
There are many different grades of paper - some are recyclable
some are not. Although some are only recyclable in certain areas
this slide shows grades of paper that are recyclable in most areas.
As a rule of thumb, white paper with any color ink is recyclable
should be collected.
Examples of the range of paper types not acceptable to most
recycling programs

This slide shows examples of paper types that are usually not
collected for recycling - some of these materials are contaminants
and can ruin the quality of your recyclable paper. Be sure to keep
these non-recyclable paper types (as well as other contaminants such
as paper clips and binder clips) out of collection containers. "Whe n
in doubt, leave it out."

Note: You should describe any relevant restrictions or differences
in your program.
Picture showing additional paper products that are less commonly
collected for recycling (e.g., colored paper, newspaper, cardboard)

These are examples of paper products that may also be collected by
office recycling programs. We are recycling .
-------
Slide:
Pictur of different recycling containers
Presenter's text: These are typical containers used for collecting recyclable office
paper. Our collection containers are (described
Slide:
Picture of person at desk putting paper in recycling box
Presenter's text: Recycling paper is easy! All you need to do is put the recyclable
paper in the container.
If cmplovee^emDiiesJiisTher own recycling
Slide:
Presenter's text:
Picture of person emptying their desk-top recycling container into
larger, centrally-located container

When your paper recycling box is filled, just empty it in the central
collection bin. This is the type of central bin we are using (point to
it). Collection bins are located (give location(s)). When the bins
are full, they will be emptied by the custodial staff and the paper
stockpiled until the vendor comes and picks it up.
For offices where custodians pick up collected paper directly from employees' desks.

Slide: Custodian picking up and emptying desk-top recycling container

Presenter's text: The custodian will empty your recycling box as pan of their routine
office maintenance duties.
(Aluminum Segment)

Slide: Picture of different aluminum cans
Presenter's text:
Aluminum is another commonly recycled material. At this office,
we are recycling aluminum beverage cans. It takes approximately
95% less energy to create aluminum from recycled cans than it does
to create aluminum from raw materials.
-------
Slide:
Close-up picture of can with aluminum recycling symbol

Presenter's text: Look for "100% aluminum" on the can or the Aluminum
Association's recycling symbol printed on the can.
Slide:

Presenter's text:

Slide:

Presenter's text:
Slide:

Presenter's text:

(Glass Segment)

Slide:

Presenter's text:
Picture of man using aluminum can recycling box

This is what a typical aluminum can recycling container looks like.
Our aluminum can collection boxes look like . They are
located at (give location(s)).

Picture of person emptying and rinsing aluminum can

Cans must be empty and rinsed before you put them in the
collection container (if your buyer requires this).

Picture of types of cans not commonly recycled
Steel and bimetal cans are examples of cans not being collected for
recycling in our office building (if this is true for your location).
Picture of different types of bottles lined up

Glass beverage bottles are 100% recyclable. We are collecting
(specify colors) ; ; and glass for recycling in
our program.
Slide: Picture of three different colored bottles

Presenter's text: There are three colors of glass: clear, green and amber.
-------
Slide:

Presenter's text:

Slide:

Presenter's text:

Slide:

Presenter's text:
Picture of types of glass collection bins

These are typical glass collection containers. Our recycling
containers for glass look like . They are located at (give
location(s)).
• Picture of glass separated by color
• Picture of emptied and cleaned bottles

It is important that these two simple rules are followed because the
industries that use recycled glass need to have a clean, homogeneous
material.
Pictures of the types of glass not collected for recycling (e.g.,
plateglass, lightbulbs)

These types of glass are not being collected for recycling and should
not be put in the collection containers.
(Plastic Segment)

Slide: Picture of different types of plastic containers
Presenter's text:

Slide:

Presenter's text:
Plastic products and packaging are all around us. There are several
different types of plastic, each with its own unique characteristics,
but not all of them are collected for recycling yet.
Picture of PETE beverage bottle

In our program, we are recycling plastic bottles made out of a
material called "Polyethylene terephthalate* or "PETE". Many
plastic beverage containers (especially soda containers) are made
from PETE.
8
-------
Slide:

Presenter's text:
.bell
Slide:

Presenter's text:
Close-up picture of bottom of beverage container with "1" symboll

PETE bottles can be identified by a triangular recycling symbol that
has the number T in it. This symbol is usually found on the
bottom of beverage containers. Do not put containers with a
different number in your recycling bin.
Picture of collection bin types

These are typical plastic recycling bins. Our collection bins look
like . These bins are located at (give location(s).
^^^^^^^^^•^» \w - ~~~ \~ t *
Remember, plastic containers should be rinsed before you put th
in the collection bin (if your buyer requires this).
em
(Recycling Practices Segment)
O
Slide:
Presenter's text:
Picture of common contaminants (e.g., food, paper clips, yellow
stickles)

For all of the materials being collected in our program, remembe r -
do not put contaminants in the recycling collection container. The
recycled materials we collect must meet certain purity specifications
set by the purchaser. Contaminated material is less valuable to the
recycling facility, and may be refused by the vendor.
-------
-------
Section 4.0
Recycling in Federal Offices:
Supplemental Resource Materials for
Program Coordinators
-------
-------
vxEPA
""ted SIMM Solid Waste and EPA/53O-SW-90-001
emranmntH Protection Emergency Response January 1990
(OS-30S)
Office Paper Recycling
An Implementation Manual
-------
-------
OFFICE PAPER RECYCLING:
AN IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL
II
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
401 M STREET, SW
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
January 1990
-------
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Mr Truett DeGeare and his staff at the Office of Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, provided overall project direction. Ms. Lauris C. Davies of tne
U.S. EPA, Hazardous Waste Division, Waste Management Branch, Region X.
served as the Work Assignment Manager. Other support was provided by the
U.S. EPA Recycling Workgroup in Washington, D.C.

Several individuals served as reviewers and provided useful information specific
to office paper recycling, including: Ms. Beverly Goldblatt, General Services
Administration, National Capital Region; Ms. Sheila Millendorf; and Dr. Rosalie
Green, Coordinator, Office Paper Recycling program, Fairfax County, Virginia.
In addition, we would like to acknowledge those organizations that made their
facilities available for the photographs in the manual:

Fairfax County, Virginia, Division of Solid Waste;
Los Angeles City Hall;
California State University, Long Beach;
TransAmerica, Inc.;
Econohaul; and
Browning-Ferris Industries.
-------
FOREWORD
In recant years, the management of municipal solid waste has
grown increasingly difficult and complex: Americans produce
more and more garbage, yet have fewer and fewer places to put
it. In response to these problems, many communities,
counties and States are turning to recycling and other
creative waste reduction methods to help counter the garbage
glut.

The Federal government has an important role to play in
increasing recycling and reduction of waste to meet our
national goal of 25 percent reduction and recycling by 1992.
In the Environmental Protection Agency's strategy report "The
Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for Action," we note that the
Federal government should provide incentives, better planning
and implementation tools, and most importantly, should
participate in all phases of recycling from source separation
and collection of recyclable materials to purchasing of
recycled products. In many areas of the country, including
the District of Columbia, State and local mandatory recycling
laws require that government agencies and private
organizations recycle.

In Keeping with the goals and objectives outlined in the
"Agenda for Action," this implementation manual for recycling
of office paper is designed to assist Federal agencies in
planning, implementing, and promoting a high-grade office
paper recovery program. In addition, the basic principles
outlined in this manual should be useful to anyone planning
an office paper recycling program, including State and local
government agencies, commercial businesses and other private
organizations. The concepts in this document are grounded in
extensive work done by EPA and others in the 1970's, updated
by more recent experience and success in the 1980's.

This manual is only one tool to help and encourage Federal
agencies and institutions to recycle. EPA's Office of Solid
Waste is planning several technical assistance and outreach
projects for Federal agency recycling, while EPA's In-house
Recycling Workgroup is striving to make EPA a model for other
agencies to follow. In addition, EPA is helping other !
Federal agencies to complete the recycling process by
promoting the Federal procurement guidelines for purchase of
recycled materials.

We hope that this manual will serve as the cornerstone for
implementing recycling in offices, both governmental and
private. As shown at EPA, other Federal agencies, and
-------
offices across the United States, recycling of office paper
works1 He encourage you to use not only this manual, but to
consult other sources of information listed at the end of
this document to reduce and recycle more of your solid
wastes. In order to stem the tide of solid waste problems,
to save economic and natural resources, and to meet the
important recycling goals of tomorrow, we all share the
responsibility to change the "throw-away" ethic and start
recycling.
Sylvia K. Lowrance
Director, Office of Solid Haste
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1

CONSIDERING OFFICE PAPER RECOVERY 4

PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION, AND OPERATION 10

DESIGNATING A PROGRAM COORDINATOR 10

FEASIBILITY STUDY 12

MARKET ANALYSIS 13

ESTABLISHING WASTE PAPER SALES CONTRACTS 13

RENEGOTIATING DISPOSAL SERVICE CONTRACTS 17

DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING THE COLLECTION
AND STORAGE SYSTEM 18

EMPLOYEE PUBLICITY AND EDUCATION 26

CONTINUING PROGRAM OPERATION 32

PROJECTING THE ECONOMICS OF PAPER RECOVERY 35

COST FACTORS IN PAPER RECOVERY 35

COMPARISON OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL COSTS WITH
AND WITHOUT RECYCLING 41

ARRIVING AT SUCCESS AND BEYOND TO THE FUTURE PROGRAM 43

CASE STUDY: EPA HEADQUARTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C 45

APPENDIX A: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
GUIDELINES FOR SOURCE SEPARATION
AND MATERIALS RECOVERY

APPENDIX B: FEDERAL SUPPLY SERVICE BUREAU - GSA REGIONS

APPENDIX C: WASTE COMPOSITION SAMPLING PROCEDURE

APPENDIX D: PAPER GRADE DEFINITIONS
-------
-------
OFFICE PAPER RECOVERY: AN IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL
INTRODUCTION
The Garbage Crisis

The United States faces a growing solid
waste disposal problem: rapidly expand-
ing amounts of waste and shrinking landfill
disposal capacity. Every day, each of us
produces an average of 3.6 pounds of
solid waste. Annual generation of waste
paper alone by offices, schools, and
homes across the country, increased from
12.1 to 18 million tons between 1970 and
1986. In 1987 alone, Americans gen-
erated 160 million tons of municipal solid
waste, eighty percent of which is now
buried in landfills. The waste growth trend
will continue; can we afford to let this
occur?

By 1991 one third of the nation's landfills
will be closed, with few new ones to
replace them. The economic and en-
vironmental costs of disposing of these
increasing volumes of refuse are
escalating along with our waste
generation rates. In some areas, the
dilemma has reached crisis proportions
where tons of waste must be shipped
hundreds of miles to scarce landfills at
costs of up to $130 per ton.

The Solution

Federal, state and local officials have to
seek new, creative waste management
practices, including waste reduction and
recycling (including composting). Only
about 10 percent of the nation's volume of
solid waste is currently recycled or
reused, far below what it could be. For
the nation, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has established
a goal of 25 percent reduction and
recycling of municipal solid waste by
1992. This goal recognizes the many
advantages to increased solid waste
recycling: reduction of waste volumes
otherwise destined for the landfill,
reduction of costs, productive use of
waste materials, and conservation of
landfill disposal capacity. In addition,
manufacture of products from recycled
materials generally consumes, less
energy, water, and other natura
resources such as trees. For example,
manufacturing paper products usinc
recycled fibers consumes 50 to 60
percent less energy than when using
virgin fibers, and approximately one ton of
recovered paper replaces 17 southern!
pines or three tons of wood pulp. Clearly,
recycling is the best possible solution and
the easiest to implement.

Why Recycle Paper?

Paper waste is a logical target for
increased recycling for two reasons. First,
it represents such a large percentage of
municipal solid waste -an estimated 41
percent (Exhibit 1). Of this 41 percent,
newsprint and paper packaging
Commitaton on SolkJ Wa«»
TIM GoonomiM of FtocyoliftQ Municipal
-------
•ttwn* but in
Theft why
EXHIBIT 1
Pap«rmakwiipanav*ragft41 pwecntotth*
oflioM ttw pareantaga may ba as high M 90
paparfe* major recycling nrgtt
(corrugated) are the principal components
and recycling of these waste products is
fairly common. The waste paper from
government and commercial office
buildings is also a natural target for
recycling, but recycling has yet to become
a common practice. The largest waste
component in offices is high-grade white
paper (bond, copy paper, and computer
paper). Fortunately, this grade of paper is
recyclable and can be profitable. EPA
surveys conducted in the 1970s indicate
that a well-run recycling program can
reduce the volume of office waste as
much as 75 percent, generate income and
help ease the pressure on our nation's
landfills.

Second, successful recycling of high-
grade office paper can readily be
accomplished. It has already been
successfully demonstrated at many
locations, including local, county, and
state agencies (CA, NJ, Rl. and others),
some Federal agencies, and private
corporations (such as AT&T and Levi
Strauss). When correctly implemented, an
office paper recovery program will:

• Slash waste disposal costs by
reducing the volume of waste
collected and delivered to the
landfill.

• Earn revenues from the sale of
high-grade paper; paper brokers
and mills will pay good prices for
high-grade wastepaper because of
its short supply and usefulness in
manufacturing new products.

• Divert large portions of waste from
nearly full landfills that otherwise
would occupy scarce landfill space.
One ton of recovered paper saves
3.3 cubic yards of landfill space.
• Stimulate a growing market for
recyclable paper by providing a
constant supply of high quality fiber
to the paper industry; paper
mills use high grades of
wastepaper as a substitute for
woodpulp.

• Conserve forest lands and other
valuable resources. As stated
earlier, less energy and water is
required to produce paper from
wastepaper than from virgin pulp.

• Decrease emissions harmful to the
environment The recycling pro-
cess reduces air. water, and land
pollution when compared to
manufacturing using virgin
materials.
-------
• Project a good public image of the
office workers and their or-
ganization as responsible citizens
concerned about the environment.

Recognizing the value of waste paper
recycling and the success of office paper
recovery programs, EPA developed the
"Use it Again, Sam" program in the 1970s
to promote high-grade office paper
recovery in the Federal government (see
Exhibit 2). As part of this early program,
EPA published a number of technical
documents and promotional materials
and published Materials Recovery
Guidelines for Source Separation, 40 CFR
Part 246. (See reference list and
Appendix A for further information).

These publications provided assistance to
Federal and commercial offices on how to
recover high-grade paper from the waste
stream prior to disposal.

Why This Manual?

This manual is a revision of EPA's 1977
guide to office paper recovery. EPA
decided to revise this manual to stimulate
increased recycling of office paper by
government, institutions, and commercial
businesses. The primary purpose of this
revised manual is to serve as a guide for
personnel responsible for the
implementation and administration of
office paper recovery programs.1 This
guide will take you step by step through
the process of netting up a high-grade
paper recovery program, including
assessing your recycling potential, finding
a market for your paper, .and educating
employees. A case study of EPA's
recovery program is also included to show
how one program has become a success.
The guide is directly applicable to
recycling coordinators in Federal
institutions and agencies, since the
assistance role of the General Services
Administration is explained in some detail
and Federal regulations and policies aie
discussed. In addition, however, those
wishing to set up recycling programs in
state and local governments, as well as
private offices and organizations, will find
this manual a useful tool for development
of an office paper recovery program.

1 EPA and OSA are working together to provide other
assistance on recycling to Federal agencies including
high-grid* paper and ottwr recyclable* auch at beverage
oixilainan, newspapers, and corrugated materials.
EXHIBIT g
m 1978 this
announot the
was displayed at EPA headquarters to
manotmant of the office paper recycling
-------
CONSIDERING OFFICE PAPER RECOVERY
Recycle in Your Offices?
Good reasons to recycle in your office are
as plentiful as the paper! Recycling
high-grade paper can save money
through avoided disposal costs, earn
money through the paper sales revenues,
and conserve landfill space, energy, and
natural resources. Yes, it takes time and
some resources to set up and operate an
office paper recovery program, but
experience has shown that they workl
Recycling programs can build cama-
raderie among employees, and foster
good relations with the surrounding
community. Finally, recycling can instill
workers with a sense of pride in doing
something for the environment

If these reasons aren't enough, local,
state, and Federal regulations often
require institutions, Federal agencies, and
businesses to separate and collect
recydabtes such as high-grade paper.
For example, at the Federal level, Tide 40,
Part 246 of the Code of Federal
Regulations states that 'high-grade paper
generated by office faculties of over 100
office workers shall be separated at the
source of generation, separately
collected, and sold for the purposes of
recycling* (see Appendix A for more
information).

In addition to these Federal requirements,
state and local laws may require offices to
recycle. As of October 1989, eleven
states and the District of Columbia passed
mandatory recycling laws which focus on
residential recycling, but also recommend
or require recycling in offices and
government agencies. But for whatever
reason: the law, the profits or the
environment, recycling makes sense for
almost any office.

Can An Office Recycling Program be
Eeoncfmjflfllly {Successful?

After considering the reasons (and often,
requirements) listed above for im-
plementing a recycling program, you may
ask, whether such a program can be
economically successful.

The answer is yes, but many factors are
involved and must be carefully
considered. For an office paper recovery
program to be economically successful:

• Quantities of high-grade paper
present in the waste stream must
be large enough to justify its
separation and reuse.

• Money saved from avoided
disposal costs and earned from the
sale of the waste paper should
balance the costs of operation.

• The paper should be in demand
(marketable) by industry, thereby
warranting long-term purchase
contracts.

• A proven cost-effective method of
separation at the source must be
available.

EPA studies show that office waste
streams are made up of various grades of
-------
paper. High-grade paper consists of
white ledger (bond and copy paper) and
computer printout(white or colored striped
and perforated form papers used in
continuous feed computer printers).
Other grades of paper present in the office
building waste stream include newsprint,
colored ledger, kraft paper, corrugated
and other paper board, and coated paper
products. The high-grades command a
higher market price, have a more stable
market demand, and are available in
larger quantities than other grades of
office paper. High-grades may comprise
from 30 to 75 percent of an office's waste
stream. Metals, glass, and other materials
commonly found in residential and
commercial waste streams are found in
minimal amounts in office waste. For
these reasons, most office paper recovery
programs nationwide target the
high-grade fraction so that, with careful
planning economic success is likely to
occur. Even if an office institutes a
multi-material recycling program, includir g
low grades of paper, newspaper arid
beverage containers, the valuable higv
grade paper should be kept separate (not
mixed with other paper grades).
Office paper recovery programs are based
on the principle of source separation.
Source separation is defined as the setting
aside by the user of recyclable materias
at the point of generation. Exhibit 3
outlines the entire office paper recycling
routine. An efficient yet simple system
integrated within the daily office routine
can push participation rates higher.
Several methods have been used for
separating and collecting recyclable
high-grade waste paper from office
EMPLOYEE AND SOURCE COLLECTION BY STORAGE BY
MAINTENANCE SEPARATION BY MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE
STAFF OFFICE STAFF STAFF
EDUCATION EMPLOYEES
LOADING FOR
SHIPMENT BY
MAINTENANCE
STAFF OR
CONTRACTOR
OutHm pf ttw offiet pap* recycling roufint.
-------
buildings. In several case studies
conducted in the 1970s, EPA evaluated
three source separation methods in
various locations: dual wastebaskets,
central containers, and desk-top systems.

Source Separation Methods

Under the dual wastebasket system,
each employee is provided with two waste
cans or wastebaskets - one for recyclable
paper, and one for non-recyded wastes
as shown in Exhibit 4. The building
custodial staff collects the contents of
each basket independently or simul-
taneously, and the recydables are kept
separate. The collection frequency (ie.
daily, weekly, etc.) will depend on the
average paper use by employees.

Under the central container system
(Exhibit 5), separated recyclable paper is
carried by each employee to one of the
large central containers located through-
•n» twotttM1 syMMn has i
Iforttw
und of
- —««— —AJ-— M*ajf
OOMGCQQffi MVi-
to •woW mbdng by wnptoyMc or
out the office. Often, this method is
appropriate in smaller offices or office
buildings where the custodial staff cannot
be used for the desk-to-desk collection of
recydables. or when only a limited
recycling program is to be established (for
instance, only at the copying machine).
All other solid waste is placed in
wastebaskets and handled separately.

The desk-top system is a refinement of
the central container system. Under this
system, each employee places all
high-grade waste paper in a small
container located on or near his or her
desk as illustrated in Exhibit 6.
Non-recyclable waste is deposited in
wastebaskets as before. When the
container is filled (Exhibit 7), the employee
deposits the accumulated waste paper in
a central container conveniently located in
the office (each central container should
serve no more than 50 persons).
Appropriate central locations indude
clerical stations, elevator lobbies, mail
rooms, copying areas, computer rooms,
and print shops. The paper is collected
from the central containers by the trained
custodial or contractor staff.

While not generally recommended, a few
commercial organizations have used
unskilled workers to collect the recycled
paper from each desk-top container,
rather than relying on actions to be taken
by each employee. This method probably
is most effective in larger office
complexes, but will likely increase overall
collection costs, contamination rates, and
inadvertent removal of important
documents or papers from the desk. At
any rate, one of the three suggested
methods should be effective if suitably
tailored for any office's unique situation.
6
-------
Which Paer is
White or natural-colored high-grade waste
paper products acceptable under most
source-separation recovery programs are:

• White typing, writing, photocopy
(xerographic), letterhead, and
scratch paper.

• Computer printout paper (white
bond and color striped).

• Index cards.

• Tabulating cards.

Items generally unacceptable in a high
grade office paper recycling program are:

• Colored "sticky" note slips (with a
strip of adhesive on the back).

• Envelopes with plastic windows.

• Carbon paper and other sensitized
paper.

• Colored paper.

• Newspapers, magazines, books,
and glossy or slick paper.

• Cardboard or chipboard.

• Rle folders.

• Chemically coated paper, gummed
labels, adhesives, tablet bindings.

• Blueprint paper.

• Rim, photographs, or scotch tape.

• Rubber bands, plastics.

• Facsimile Machine (FAX) paper.

• Paper and cups with food
contamination.
Cantralmntairmuauallyoonaist of plasbc or cardboard. Thay
•tMutd ba appealing and oJaarty (abated. ORan taaffto lids an
Mojutaod to comply with fifa oodaa and aoma ttava slit-typo Hdi «
to diaoouraga diapoaal of food in oontalnan..

The Desktop System
EPA studies indicate that the desk-top
container system is effective in 'skimming*
a specified grade of recyclable paper from
the office waste stream. The desk-top
system surpasses the other two systems!
in employee participation, the value and
percentage of the waste stream
recovered, and in minimizing the amount
of contamination found in the recycling
containers.

There are several reasons for this
favorable performance:

• Use of the small, accessible,
desk-top container quickly
becomes habitual. The containers
are visible and thereby yieid good
participation rates. Employee
productivity is unchanged and
-------
paper can be stored in desk-top
containers for extended periods of
time before quantities must be
emptied.

• Contaminants such as apple cores
and soda bottles cannot be placed
in most containers. Colored paper
is easily spotted if it is inadvertently
included.

• Each employee Volunteers' the
minimal labor of transferring the
accumulated paper from his or her
desk-top container to the central
collection container. This reduces
waste and recycling collection
costs.

This manual outlines procedures for
implementing various types of high-grade
paper source separation programs. Other
methods are feasible and may be
preferred, depending on office layouts,
employee preferences, available space to
conduct collection, and cost con-
TtMF QVObOtPO nW 9QlO0r |NGCUHMi IMNV Ml (Of CMMHC WttHV
to UM and etoarty muted wttti ttM program's logo and phont
number, Ht highly vWbto and 0M* •wwyom personally
involved. The box hae • wide enough baee to my upright
wtian placed on ttw floor to reduce employee doek clutter.
siderations. However, this manual
emphasizes the use of the desk-top
recovery method as a good approach to
avoid excessive contamination of the
recyclabtes and to maintain high
participation rates of the office building
employees.

The remainder of this manual is organized
into three sections:

• The first section addresses
administrative requirements during
program planning and im-
plementation. It includes designat-
ion of a program coordinator,
considerations for a feasibility
study, establishment of sales
contracts, development of collec-
tion and storage systems, em-
ployee publicity and education
campaigns, and program mainte-
nance.

• The second section discusses the
economics of recovery programs.
It is useful to assess the economics
of an office paper recovery
program prior to program planning
and initiation. This section ad-
dresses how to assess the reduced
disposal costs (due to the reduced
volume of the waste stream), the
quantity and value of the recovered
paper, and the costs associated
with establishing and operating a
successful program.

• The final section of this manual
describes a high-grade waste
paper recovery program for the
EPA headquarters in Washington,
D.C. The case study traces the
development of EPA's recovery
program from the initiation of the
"Use it Again, Sam' program in
8
-------
1975 to the recent success of the
program developed by EPA's
in-house Recycling Work Group,
which was established in 1988.

Appendices to this manual are provided
as references that may be helpful in
program planning. Included are EPA
guidelines for source separation and
recovery1 (40 CFR Part 246), a list of GSA
contacts for each region of the country2, a
sample waste composition study3, and
definitions of paper grades.4
40CFRPwt246
2. PravMtd by Qanwal Strvkwt Administration,
f*d«cal Supply Scrvlo* BurMu. Washington, D.C.
VA.
fegton 3,
3. SCS
composition studlM.
4. Paper Stock Standard* and PimctoM, Ooulv PS4B.
puMlshsd by tha P*p«r Stock htttim of Anwrtoi.
riMjnUng IndwttrtM, Inc.
-------
PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION, AND OPERATION
Besides committed individual employee
enthusiasm and participation, successful
high-grade office paper recovery
programs that use the desk-top system,
have several key elements in common:

• An enthusiastic and knowledgeable
program coordinator.

• A secure market for the recovered
paper.

• A simple and reliable collection and
storage system.
• An effective employee education
and publicity campaign.

• A reliable method of continued
program administration.

• Strong visible support from
management

The procedures discussed below will help
establish a successful program with these
key elements in place. Exhibit 8 presents
a flow chart of the major activities that will
be discussed.

DESIGNATING A PROGRAM
COORDINATOR

No program can be successful if people
don't join in. Yet participation isn't
enough. Each office paper recovery
program needs a program coordinator to
administer the planning, implementation,
and operation of the program and to act
as a liaison among upper management,
building managers, maintenance super-
visors, employees, and sates contractors.
Good program coordination is crucial to
the success of the recycling program. As
such, it should be an official function, not
a volunteer duty to do in one's spare time.
Planning and organizational talent,
coupled with enthusiasm and an ability to
communicate with others, are qualities
sought in the program coordinator.
Ideally, his/her interest areas should
include cost and waste reduction and
environmental control. Personnel at the
administrative level who are eager to
become recycling specialists and use their
abilities are possible choices for
coordination work.

In most cases, one person is assigned or
requests to be the program coordinator.
However, in large buildings, or when one
individual does not nave sufficient time to
perform the task, more than one person
may be assigned on a part-time or
full-time basis. Having more than one
coordinator assures that someone always
will be available to oversee the program.

In multi-tenant office buildings, the
program coordinator should be selected
from the organization with the largest
number of employees housed within the
facility. One person from each tenant
organization should be designated to
oversee his/her organizational program,
assist the program coordinator in sched-
uling education sessions, and perform
other program implementation activities.

The duties and responsibilities that
accompany the operation of the vaste
paper recovery program may require the
program coordinator(s) to perform the
10
-------
following:

* Establish a waste paper sales
contract or access an existing
contract.

* Renegotiate a disposal service
contract.

• Develop and implement the
collection and storage system.
• Conduct the employee publicity
and education campaign.

• Continue program operation.

Some of these tasks may be similar to
those for which other personnel are
currently responsible. Part of the program
coordinator's role will be to work closely
with personnel responsible for these
duties to implement the waste paper
recovery program.
The administrative requirements for these
activities are significant during program
start-up (often the first 3 to 4 months), but
tend to decrease after the program is
underway. Case studies indicate the
importance of initial administrative and
educational activities in maximizing
employee education and participation and
in minimizing contamination levels. EPA's
experience suggests that the tendency is
to under-estimate the administrative time
requirements associated with the
implementation and operation of paper
recovery programs. While time required:
to coordinate a program will vary
depending upon the size of the
organization, the configuration of the
building, and the services provided by
either existing administrative functions or
tine paper sales contractor, a full-time
recycling coordinator or consultant usually
is necessary for the first 3 to 4 months, j
PROGRAM PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION FLOW CHART
DESIGNATE

PROGRAM

COORDINATOR
FEASIBILITY STUDY

•» Watta ttraarn analyaia

»» Evaluation of building layout

> Markets - Preliminary evaluation)
I* Decide on program type

• Quantity

• Quality
"ESTABUSH^ALES

CONTRACT

t» Request for bids

ft> Negotiate

h> Award contract
DEVELOP COLLECTION

SYSTEM

•» Determine tha

ooUaetton eyatern

b» Acquire available or
additional labor,
•quipment
CONDUCT EMPLOYEE

EDUCATION AND

PUBLICITY CAMPAIGN

DMJQncta) pvoQiW)
Scnaduto and conduct
Procura publieity maiarWt
Maintain continuing education!
ADMINISTER ONGOING

MONITORING

OPERATION

> Troubla-anoot n«w jjysttm

k> Maintain ooiiaction sy$um

»• Coordinate witti

aaiM contractor

•> Kaap racords
FXHlBITa

11
-------
The program coordinator should
designate program monitors to assist
with various portions of the recycling
program such as overseeing the collection
containers, screening for contaminants,
encouraging employees to participate in
the program, and answering questions
from fellow workers. Program monitors
should have a good rapport with the staff
and a'thorough understanding of the
program's objectives. One monitor per
department or for every SO to 100
employees is recommended, depending
on organizational structure, office layout,
the receptiveness of the employees, and
other considerations. These leadership
roles are usually assigned by
management as an additional task to
current employees as an honor (and it
should receive periodic recognition).
Typically, their time is not tracked as a
labor charge to the program. (Revenues
from the recovery program can in some
cases be donated to employee fringe
benefits as an incentive.)

FEASIBILITY STUDY

To initiate an office paper recovery
program, a feasibility study should be
conducted for the facility. The feasibility
study generates information and data for
the design of the program; it evaluates the
most practical types of programs to be
implemented; It identifies potential markets
for recycled paper; and in some areas, it
satisfies the requirements for programs
mandated by state or local governments.

To determine a program's feasibility and
obtain information for contract negotiation,
the pradas of paper to be separated out
(i.e., white ledger or computer printout or
mixed white ledger) and the amount of
those grades to be segregated must be
identified. These data affect the sizes and
types of collection containers, the price
paid for waste paper (by dictating the
number of pickups based upon the
contractor's minimum pickup requirement)
and the available storage space at the
loading dock. Larger pickups often
receive a higher unit price for waste
paper.

There are three ways to obtain this
information: ageumn generation rates
based upon generalized statistics, (e.g.,
0.5 IDS. white ledger/employee/day);
conduct a prje- or two-week waste stream
analysis whereby representative samples
of the facility's wastes are manually sorted
and weighed by grade description; or
conduct a pilot-scale program, whereby a
portion of the facility's employees
participate in a recovery program over a
period of several weeks for the grades of
paper intended for recovery and the
segregated grades of paper are collected
and weighed. The first method of
calculating amounts based on a formula is
a tried and true" method that is usually
remarkably dose to what can be
collected. The waste-stream analysis is
usually time consuming and costly, while
the pilot-scale program requires good
organization. The latter two methods can
help produce an accurate breakdown of
different paper grades which is beneficial
to evaluating the economics of the
program.

Other suggestions for program feasibility
studies include using a phased-in
approach for recovery of high-grade
paper (e.g., first in computer or copy
rooms rather than in employee's offices)
to identify the paper load in central
12
-------
containers and the storage space
necessary for such high volume sources
of paper. Additional information that is
useful for the feasibility study is an
assessment of the building layout,
availability of central container and loading
dock storage space, and locations for
central collection facilities. Once the
feasibility study is completed and
interpreted, the next step is finding a
market to sell the collected waste.

MARKET ANALYSIS

Every good recycling program needs a
market analysis of the demand for
recyclables. in office paper recovery
programs, unlike residential programs, a
market analysis for high-grade paper is
straight-forward. High-grade paper is a
valuable commodity, so the program
coordinator rarely has to search hard to
find a market. However, the program
coordinator will need to assess the quality
and quantity of paper that different waste
paper buyers will accept, the price that
buyers will pay, and the services the
buyers will provide. All of these
preliminary steps can be done prior to
issuing an invitation for bids (discussed in
the next section) in order to evaluate what
should be collected in the program and to
estimate the costs and revenues. The
program coordinator may also wish to
secure letters from waste paper buyers
indicating their interest and intent to bid on
a contract if it were proposed.

For Federal agencies, this market analysis
is often even simpler: the General
Services Administration (GSA) may have
done this analysis and already have a
viable sales contract in place.
The market analysis involves making initial
contacts with local waste paper dealers.
Information that should be obtained froijn
local dealers includes:
• Descriptions and grades of paper
handled.

• Acceptable contamination types
and levels.

• Container types and sizes provided
and equipment, if any, available for
use (e.g., compactor, handcarts
forklifts, etc.).
i
• Minimum quantities per pickup and
pickup scheduling procedures.

• Methods for handling confidential
or classified materials.

• Prices for high-grade paper.
ESTABLISHING WASTE PAPER SALES
CONTRACTS
The GSA (assisting Federal civilian
agencies) and the Defense Logistics
Agency (DLA) work with program
coordinators to manage the waste paper
sales contracts. A list of regional GSA
contacts is provided in Appendix B.
However, some GSA regions do not
have waste paper sales contacts.
Consequently, program coordinators may
have to work with their contracting office,
GSA, etc., to negotiate their own waste
paper sales contract. Additionally, Federal
offices with large volumes of waste paper
may find it effective to contract separately
from GSA for their waste paper sales,
even if GSA has an existing sales contract
in place. To do this, however, thfe
contracting officer should have a thorough
knowledge of the Federal Property
Management Regulations (FPMR) as they
13
-------
apply to sales, and any other pertinent
regulations. Thus, most Federal agencies
should use the GSA services where
possible to establish and maintain a
specific contract for waste paper sales.

The first step to establishing a sales
contract is to solicit more detailed
information from local buyers and brokers.
This information includes the following:

• Pricing mechanism (i.e., flat fee,
floating price or periodic adjustment
of price) and term of contracts
awarded (e.g., one year).

• Conservative unit price or minimum
price expected over the next year
for the high-grade paper that win be
separated (e.g., white ledger,
computer printout, etc.).

• References of current sales
contracts with facilities to assess
the reliability and flexibility of the
dealer, particularly with regard to
contaminated loads.
• Letter of Intent to Bid.

Invitation for Bids

The major elements of Invitation for Bids
(IFB) are:

• Description and grade of waste
paper to be sold with allowable
contaminant loadings.

• Estimated generation rates.

• Locations) of paper pickups.
• Minimum pickup quantities and
method of scheduling pickups.

• Containers and equipment pro-
vided by the contractor.
• Confidential document destruction
procedures, if applicable.
• Performance penalties.
• Pricing mechanism and term
contract
.of
Waste paper grades may be defined as in
Paper Stock Standards and Practices
PS-88 (Appendix D) which is an industry
standard or they may be set by individual
dealers based upon the businesses to
which they sell the waste paper (e.g.,
tissue mill, etc.). Exhibit 9 is an example
of the 1989 GSA sales contract for the
Washington, D.C. area and specifies a
high, medium, low grade classification.
These grades allow for the contractor to
purchase paper containing certain levels
of contaminants at a tower price. Note
that this classification was defined by GSA
on this one contract to facilitate collection
and grading of the material. It is not an
industry standard.

Davatapmarrt of Contract

The estimated recovery rate for each
grade segregated should be specified in
the IFB so the contractor can estimate
overall quantities and associated prices to
be paid under the contract

The location of the paper pickup(s)
including loading docks or one or more
buildings must be specified in the IFB
along with the option for the bidders to
inspect the area(s) prior to submitting their
bids.

The method of handling confidential or
classified materials must be specified in
the IFB. These materials must be
shredded, macerated, pulped or burned
14
-------
Grada 1: Computar printout whfta ladgar, hard whrM •havings, and manila
tabulating CVO4 or any oofntmnpon tharaof*
No mon than 1% total outthrowa or prohlbWvt maiartals by waight
Grada 2: Mtotllanaoua ladgar and oontamlnatad Grada 1 papar or any
Qrada 3:
No teat than 1% and no mora than 3% total outtttrowi or
prohlbUfVa rndarlalt by waight.
Wtfloua gradaa of papar, Including carbon Intartaaf, Ilia ttock,
atpanojvt, oorvugatad containars, haavy bookii and oontajnlnaiad
Qrada 2 papar or any combination tnaraof.
No toaa than 3% and no mora than 10* total ouHhrowa or
fttu M^hJjta^^
Dy wwgm.
and ototfi oowarad)
In a paddnQ of papar atook( In
b)My
Oudhraws: Oittirmn «haH ba undaratood to ba all papara that aia
or an In weh torn at to ba unauttaUa tor eonaumption aa ttw gnda
ao manufaoturwl or
Accapabta oontamlnantt taduda papar dipt, staptat, and aohiWa gluaa M-> bond aiwatopa
ontwnlnanli inehida praatur* aanihliia labab and tapaa, ptaatte
rubbarbanda, brown/poldan hnft anvalopaa. bindara M.. praaaboaid,
papar (aatanan, blndar cups, ptaric matartatt, and carbon papar.
PreMbMva matarWa: a) Any metadata whWi by thak
axoaat of tha amount ailowad. w« maka ttw paeMng
matarlaJt that may ba damagine *o aqutomant
EXMBrTB
18e»QSA Papar Qrada SpacifieaBon* tor Waihlngton. B.C.
15
-------
EXHIBIT tp
« ttw tacttty
nfMwitW

tocludod in ttwreoovwy program. Shredding of ^confidential
WUM it oommon fH4JHl**3 wid It on bo iold lo the wuto DADO?
dMtor prior to or after shredding.

(see Exhibit 10). Shredding may be done
by the contractor or may be done by
in-house personnel. The contractor can
certify that the confidential material is
destroyed or in-house personnel may
accompany it and supervise its
destruction. Be sure to check with the
individual contractor as to the or-
ganization's specifications regarding
confidential materials before the method of
disposal is determined.

Specifications in contracts vary among
GSA regions and may change annually.
Categories that are chosen for contract
specifications are dependent on the
individual contractor and should reflect the
content of the facility's specific waste
stream.

Segregation of computer printout from
white ledger may be economical,
depending on recovered quantities, due to
tiie higher market price. Even when
segregating only high-grade paper, a
lower grade should also be specified in
the contract to reflect the price to be paid
for a contaminated high-grade load.

Minimum pickup quantities must be
specified and may be related to the
container types provided (e.g., 4 bales,
canvas hampers, trays or pallets of 1-5
tons). Scheduling for pickups either for
specific days and times or on an on-call
basis (e.g., within 48 hours of notification),
must be specified.

Containers to be supplied by the waste
paper dealer must be specified in the bid
along with the storage requirements of
each. Some contractors pay a premium
for baled paper if a low contamination
level is guaranteed. Others prefer that the
paper be stored in boxes or bins so that
they can scan for contaminants prior to
baling. Also equipment such as
handcarts, forklifts, balers, shredders, or
compactors which need to be supplied by
the waste paper dealer should be
specified in the contractor's bid.

The method of pricing pickups is based
upon the contractor weighing the load.
Usually the loaded truck is weighed and
the tare weight of the truck plus the
containers is subtracted from this weight.
In GSA's 1989 contract, a "Waste Paper
Delivery Order" form is completed in
quadruplicate and signed by both the
contractor and the governmental
representative. Load weights are reported
back to the government on certified scale
tickets within two weeks for proper billing.
The program coordinator may want to
establish pre-set weights in the contract
(estimated weight per container) in order
to provide 'ball park* figures on weights at
the time of pickup. It is important that the
16
-------
office or agency maintain dose oversight
of the weighing and billing procedures in
order to minimize the opportunity for theft
or inaccurate weighings.

Important aspects of a waste paper sales
contract are the pricing mechanism and
the term of the contract Long-term
contracts are preferable but require more
flexible pricing mechanisms (i.e., floating
prices tied to the market value of the
paper) or a periodic revision of the quoted
price per ton. A guaranteed minimum
floor price should be specified in each
case. One year is considered to be the
minimum term of a waste paper sales
contract. The Washington, O.C. GSA
waste paper contract is reissued for
bidding on a yearly basis and specifies a
flat fee per ton of waste paper for each
grade of paper.

The contract elements discussed above
apply primarily to waste paper contracts
for pickups at loading docks or central
storage areas. Other types of contracts
include "full service" contracts, whereby
the waste paper dealer establishes the
facility's entire recovery program including
employee education and paper collection
and handles all waste paper pickups. The
expenses of these other services would
be deducted from the value of the paper
yielding a lower unit price per ton paid for
the paper. While these contracts seem
attractive, the contractor needs to be
qualified in implementing all aspects of the
program. In addition, the contractor may
often limit his services to paper pickup at
the dock when paper prices drop, leaving
the program undirected.

Office paper recovery consultants,
independent of waste paper dealers, also
are available to set up a recovery program
or at least educate the program
coordinator on the mechanics of setting
up a program. These consulting services
often suggest resources for procuring
collection, educational, and publicity
materials and may provide educations!
tools such as slide shows, videos
posters, and other materials. In othe
words, the information available is vas:
and the many different ways of devising
contracts and methods guarantee finding
a program geared to your needs.

RENEGOTIATING DISPOSAL SERVICE
CONTRACTS

Depending upon the region of the country
where the facility is located, reduced
waste disposal fees may be the most
significant aspect of the cost-effectiveness
of a recovery program. The program
coordinator should investigate this in
conjunction with the office's contract
services staff. Waste disposal contracts
usually are based upon one of three cost
accounting methods: a flat fee per week,!
month or year; a fee per "pull" or emptying
of the waste storage containers (as well as
a fee for renting the containers
themselves), or a fee per ton of waste
hauled. The first two are the most
common in large office buildings. The
waste hauler should be contacted to
negotiate a reduction in hauling fees by
changing the flat fee, the number of
containers serviced, and/or the number of
pulls needed.

In situations where waste disposal costs
may be included in the lease agreement
for office space (a common occurrence
for Federal agencies), no benefit from
avoided disposal costs accrues to the
17
-------
organization performing the recycling.
Negotiations between the organization
and the landlord regarding changes in the
lease agreement must be undertaken to
establish whether savings from reduced
disposal costs may be accounted and
credited towards the organization's costs
for establishing the recycling program.

DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING THE
COLLECTION AND STORAGE SYSTEM

Because it gets people involved and
minimizes contamination, the desk-top
system is emphasized in this manual. The
desk-top system requires that employees
accumulate paper at their desks and
deposit it in central containers at their
convenience. The paper is then collected
from central containers and consolidated
in the main storage area by custodial or
general service labor groups within the
facility. A simple and reliable system must
be developed for collecting and storing
the recovered paper. Key components in
developing and implementing the
collection and storage system include:

• Selecting and distributing easily
identifiable desk-top or desk-side
containers (including the program's
logo and/or motto and instructions
for use, as illustrated in Exhibit 11).
• Determining central container
locations and selecting and
distributing central containers.
• Acquiring and routing collection
personnel.
• Considering necessary equipment
(storage containers, collection
equipment, shredders, etc.).
• Acquiring storage space.
K M vnportwit lo show tfM iOQO for ivcyctifiQ tfiroctiy on tfot
diilrtop contain*. Aootpubto maiwiiJs v* print*) on ont »d«.
uMOMpttbto (oontamiMnts) an ttw eppotte rid*.

• Determining methods of collecting
and storing confidential wastes.

Selecting and Distributing Desk-Top
Containers
Get everybody participating in the
program through the distribution of
individual containers. A variety of
desk-top containers are available
commercially through office suppliers and
recycling vendors. Sources for locating
recycling equipment vendors include
magazines and publications such as
Resource Recycling Waste Age
Recycling Today and the American
Recycling Market Annual Direc-
tory/Reference Manual, to name a few.
Desk-top containers may be available
from the waste paper contractor. If, the
contractor is changed, however, there is
the chance that the facility will be left
without equipment (unless it is then
purchased from the contractor directly).
GSA can supply containers (cardboard
18
-------
vertical file boxes and central containers
with a lid and slit in the top) to Federal
agencies through their catalogue and the
Customer Supply Center in Washington,
D.C. They are in the process of
increasing their availability nationwide.
Alternatively, contact the office suppliers
used for other supplies or vendors of
recycling equipment to determine what is
available for use as desk-top containers.
If the style available does not suit your
needs and you need a large quantity, then
put a design of your own out for bid.

The desk-top containers may be made of
paperboard or plastic and resemble
vertical napkin holders, heavy duty vertical
file folders, vertical boxes, or horizontal
in-boxes. However, the selection of a
practical desk-top container depends on
the needs and requirements of the specific
facility, aesthetic preferences, and
budgetary constraints. Vertical con-
tainers, illustrated in Exhibit 12, are usually
preferred and recommended by EPA
because of the large paper capacity and
EXHIBIT 12
On ttw wmari ovdboa
identify th« purpott of V» container and th« program.
•Mop Md* tab«U may t» uwd to
reduced amount of desk space required
when compared to horizontal containers.
The container selected should be stable,
durable, and require a small amount f
desk space.

A consistent desk-top container style and
color should be used throughout the
paper recovery program. Each container
should be dearly labelled or printed
identifying the program and listing what
can and cannot be recycled. The label
also may include the telephone number qf
the program coordinator so thst
employees may call in case of questions
or problems. Since both employees ami
collection staff may not speak or read
English as their first language, container
instructions should be multi-lingual as
appropriate.

Desk-top containers are supplied to each
employee, usually during progrann
education sessions. At smaller facilities,
containers may be distributed to
employees at their desks during or afte-
education sessions. Making sure each
worker has his/her own container wil
insure greater participation and, in the
long run, greater overall success.
Central Container Location. Selection, and
Distribution '
No program will work without clear
organization - that is, each participant
knowing what to do and where to gc.
Central containers to serve from 15 to 25
employees (for example in office bay
areas) and up to 50 employees On larger
storage areas) should be located
throughout the office facility. Locations for
each container depend on the available
space in the building, local building fire
19
-------
BAouMQlMt UltflMdtof
ttnctfM In «M offie* wwtapnmtnt
UflttOM^nVMl fflflCMMUMl ANI pfwnKi OH wM) MML,

codes, and practical considerations. For
example, some fire codes may prohibit the
placement of containers in hallways or
entrances. If possible, containers should
be stationed in locations accessible and
visible to both general office employees
and collection crews. Central containers
should be placed in computer centers,
record rooms, reproduction rooms, and
other areas where large volumes of paper
are generated.

Central containers may vary in size and
shape from 1.5-cubic-foot cardboard
boxes to 44-gaJlon rubber or plastic
cylindrical containers with swing lids or
one-cubic-yard canvas hampers. Exhibits
13 to 16 illustrate various designs and
locations used for central containers.
When selecting central containers, the
amount of paper generated per area and
the frequency of collections should be
considered. Small table-top containers
may be suitable for general office
locations with cramped quarters or low
aper generation rates, while larger
Containers or bins may be necessary in
areas with high rates of paper generation,
such as photocopy rooms. Each
container should have sufficient storage
capacity to hold the paper between
collections, which may vary from daily to
weekly, depending on the program. Fire
codes can dictate the choice of central
containers. For example, some fire codes
may specify the use of covered
containers, such as bins with fire baffle
lids. These containers can be purchased
through custodial suppliers, the recycling
contractor or other vendor. Put a design
out for bid if the containers available don't
suit your needs and a large quantity is
desired. Program budgets may play a
role in container selection. Programs with
available funds will probably purchase
permanent containers, such as plastic,
rubber or canvas wheeled bins or
hampers. Programs with budgetary
constraints could use empty copy paper
supply boxes, but be sure these boxes
are clearly marked as recycled paper
containers.

Central containers should be clearly
identified using the same color and
program logo used on the desk-top
containers to avoid being used as trash
containers or thrown away themselves, in
addition, a list of acceptable or
unacceptable Hems should be posted on
or near each container location. If
computer and high-grade paper are
collected separately, be sure to identify
the type of paper that the container is
intended to hold (e.g., 'Computer Paper
Only"). Again, labelling should be multi-
lingual, as appropriate for collection staff
20
-------
and employees who may not have English
as their first language.

Some waste paper dealers will provide
central collection containers. However,
these containers may not work with the
desired program theme or given spatial
constraints. Regardless of how or where
they are arranged, container locations
must be obvious and accessible to the
individual employee.

Acquiring and Routing Collection
Personnel

Paper deposited by employees into the
central containers must be consolidated
and transferred to the main storage area.
Collection personnel perform this task.
EPA studies have shown that facilities
housing from 100 to 500 employees may
use part-time labor to collect recovered
paper, while larger facilities (over 2,500
employees) will likely have to allocate the
equivalent to eight man-hours a day or a
full-time position to perform this task. The
amount of paper generated by the facility
and the number of collection stations also
must be considered to estimate needed
collection labor.

The recycling coordinator should make
every effort to meet these collection labor
needs with existing staff or contract labor
in order to minimize program costs. Most
programs successfully accomplish recycl-
ing collection activities using the existing
labor force, including custodial staff,
contractors for furniture moving and
facility maintenance, etc. Custodial staff
or other collection labor must be
thoroughly trained and educated about
the recycling program and their tasks
(especially to avoid mixing of recyclabe
paper and trash).

Several options may be available f
integrating waste and paper collectidn
activities. Recycled paper and othor
remaining wastes may be collected simul-
taneously, each deposited in separate
bags or bins on a collection cart anJ
taken to separate storage areas (Exhibt
17). With simultaneous collection, effort;
must be made to ensure that the
recovered paper is kept separate
prevent contamination. As an aJternativ
some offices use a rotating collectio
system in which the custodial staff collect
the separated paper and other wastes orji
alternate nights. Another method, illusf
trated in Exhibit 18, is to keep recycled
paper collection separate from other
waste collection altogether. In this
situation, one or more members of thei
raoaptaeto tor W*M papar
a copy machin* MTV** as a
Larger eontafiwn ara n*e*M«ry in
ganaration ratM such a» copy «r«as or
21
-------
Tnls PtcyciifiQ pcoQiwrt IMOA BQptwiv MBOVMQ MM tot
ooltocton of vwtou» onto of pftpw. Th« oombtottton
CM to actyMM dtptnding on gwwrrton MM of Mch paptr
type At tfw ooftoctiofi tooflttoMt ttius fiuMn0
custodial staff may be assigned to
independently collect recyclable paper.
Separate paper collection may also be
performed by other personnel, such as
mailroom, supply distribution, main-
tenance. general service, or other
available service staff. In many cases.
contracted maintenance or general ser-
vice agreements can be renegotiated to
include the additional Job of paper
collection.

When integrating paper collection with
existing office routines, consider the
number of custodians servicing the
building, the nature of their employment
(in-house, contract, union), their hourly
availability (day or right shift), and other
personnel who could perform these
duties, if existing personnel cannot be
used to perform the consolidation
activities, contracting or hiring some
additional labor may become necessary.
In addition, many government agencies
and private organizations participate in
temporary or full-time hiring programs for
local high school or college students,
minority or under-privileged groups, or the
disabled.

Paper collection must be supervised
closely to maintain high participation rates.
Reliability can be maximized by avoiding
labor turnover, particularly in larger
programs where familiarity with paper
collection points is critical. It is important
to maintain communication with collection
personnel regarding changes in the
program, overflowing central containers,
or other key information. For this reason,
it may be beneficial to arrange for paper
collection operations to be performed
during the day. when the program
box mar • eopy mtdHim MWM ipM* but
tob»MrvlMdMehdiiybyttwooN*ctionoraw.
22
-------
coordinator and program monitors are
available to communicate with the
collection staff.

Collection personnel must begin servicing
central collection containers as soon as
the program begins. In large buildings, it
may be beneficial to conduct a "dry run"
before program implementation and to
ensure that each collector has a floor plan
showing where central containers are
located. In this manner, the collection
staff becomes familiar with central con-
tainer locations and the most practical
collection routes. A month of program
operation will serve to establish appropri-
ate collection routes, the proper frequency
BMBIT17
Th» custodial ataff aarvtoaa both iha papar and
oontainan aimultanaouaiy. Tna papar OTMM an
otoar plaatic baga and Mhar waata In Maek plaatie b
of collections, and any added labor
requirements.
Collection Eauinment
The collection and movement of
recovered office paper can be integrated
with other materials handling activities
within the facility, such as maintenance,
mail and supply distribution, or wasie
collection. Existing equipment may be
available for the collection of office pape-.
Collection and handling equipment
commonly used in office buildings for
paper recovery programs includes:
• Wheeled canvas bins or barrels.
• Mail carts.
• Canvas bags.
• Hand carts, dollies or gumees.
• Forklifts.
• Balers.
If existing equipment is unsuitable or
unavailable, leasing of equipment from tl
waste paper dealer (as part of th
contract) or purchase of addition
equipment may be necessary. Factors t
be considered when purchasing
equipment include hallway width, doorway
width, type of floor covering, and freight
elevator size. Wheeled bins are the most
common transport equipment (Exhibit 19)(
Some programs use 44-gallon container'
both to collect and transport the paper
similar to that shown in Exhibit 20. Wher
the central collection container is full, it is
simply wheeled to the main storage area;
emptied, and returned to the floor or
replaced with an empty container.
23
-------
Th* pap* ooHwton «yttwn at tt* unhMnHy ompM MM •tudwit labor to MtvtM ttw
ootlccttoncontrtwn to ttw buildings. Th*proer«mhM*v«MatouMdtortmrttpo
-------
TABLE 1
Methods of Storage
Container
Specifications
Size
Capacity
Floor space
requirements per unit
Mobile Hampers
1.5 cu. yds.
400 Ibs.
12 sq. ft.
Pallets
2.5 cu. yds.
1,000-1 ,500 Ibs.
20 sq.ft.
Bulk Containers
4 cu. yds.
2,000 Ibs.
30 sq. ft.
Keep in mind that additional space may be
needed around containers so that they are
accessible and conform with fire and
safety regulations.

Some sales contracts may stipulate
specific collection frequencies or pickup
days regardless of paper accumulation.
Under this type of provision, the spatial
requirements will depend upon the
amount of paper generated between
pickup days. If the amount of paper
produced between pickup days is known,
then the storage space requirements can
be calculated using the above data by
simply multiplying the number of con-
tainers needed by the space each
requires.

Accumulated paper should be kept as
close to the point of pickup as possible,
perhaps in the basement or loading dock
area of the building. The space should be
convenient to the freight elevator and
secured to prevent potential contami-
nation, and tampering with or theft of the
paper. In addition, the space should meet
local fire code requirements, which may
include sprinkler protection or other
provisions. If space near the loading dock
is unavailable, paper may be kept in
central containers until the day of pickup
or placed in a temporary storage area and
delivered to the loading dock by con-
solidation staff on the day of pickup.
Paper also may be stored outdoors in
large bulk containers. If outdoor storage
is necessary, the paper must be protected
from the elements and secured from theft.

Recycling of Confidential Waste Paper

Many office facilities generate large
amounts of confidential or classified
materials that are printed on high-grade
Cam** o*m, usually supplM by to ptptf wndor. e*n b«
to Mefc cwnml eontalntf during collection. Th*
m ttrtt (adllttt* transportation to ttw storage facility.
25
-------
Ud> may b* nquind to raduo* fin
praiKt ttw eeniMMc from «M
recyclable paper. Regulations often
require these materials to be incinerated,
pulped, or shredded. Recycling of this
confidential wastepaper may be possible.
The contracted waste paper dealer needs
to be contacted to determine if shredded
documents are marketable. Management
of these special wastes may require
separate collection and secure and
separate storage of the shredded or
unshredded confidential paper. If
separate collection and/or storage is
necessary, some estimate should be
made of the quantity of confidential paper
being recycled. Keep in mind that
shredded - aper takes up more space
than flat or crumpled paper.
EMPLOYEE PUBLICITY AND
EDUCATION

People are the key to any successful
recycling effort. No recycling program
can be successful if people don't
participate. The success of a source
separation program depends upon
employee education, awareness, co-
operation, enthusiasm and action. Also,
the endorsement and commitment of top
management to the program will help
ensure success and encourage em-
ployees to participate. A vigorous
education campaign explaining the goals
and mechanics of the program is crucial
to establishing initial employee par-
ticipation as well as maintaining that
participation over time.

Major elements of the education
campaign are:

• Distributing a kick-off memorandum
from the top administrator of the
organization to all personnel.
• Scheduling and conducting ed-
ucation sessions for management,
program monitors, collection staff,
and general employees.
• Acquiring and/or developing post-
ers, slide shows, and other publicity
materials.

• Conducting ongoing publicity and
education before program start-up.

Distributing the Program Kick-Off Memo

The word "Recycle" needs to be spread to
each employee, which can be best
accomplished with a kick-off memo. The
purpcse of the kick-off memo is to
26
-------
demonstrate top-level support and
cooperation for the implementation of the
paper recovery program. The memo
should include:

• Endorsement of the program by
top-level management and a clear
statement of the organization's goal
to reduce waste.

• Environmental and economic
benefits of paper recovery.

• Potential for revenues and savings
and where they will go.

• Separation and collection pro-
cedures and the ease with which
they can be incorporated into daily
routines.

• Identification of the organization's
program coordinator (and program
monitors as appropriate).
• Announcement of the educational
sessions and a schedule of when
they will be conducted.

Distribution of this memorandum should
occur a few weeks prior to the education
session, leaving sufficient time to ensue?
employee attendance and interest
Copies of the memo should be available
for distribution throughout the course of
the program. An example of a kick-off
memo is presented in Exhibit 24.

Scheduling and Conductina the Educatiorl
EXHIBITS!
Baling may be dnlrabU if
generated by the facility. Awa
baled paper only if a tow
guaranteed by the faculty.
toga quantltfea of paper an
le paper dealer often will accept
mtamination can ba
Sessions

The next step is to inform each worked
about how the program will work. A
schedule of the education sessions
should accompany the kick-off memo.
Attendance at the education sessions
should be mandatory, and it is important
that sessions are organized and!
scheduled to be as convenient as possible!
for all employees.

Employee education sessions should
initiate recycling as a way of life. Once an
employee has attended the session, (s)he
immediately begins participating in the
program. All other aspects of the
employee education program including
posters and other publicity materials,
should be in place prior to the education
sessions.

How sessions are scheduled will depend
on the facility's management, size, and
available meeting space. Many or-
ganizations already have procedures for
conducting employee education activities.
When scheduling sessions consider the
following:
27
-------
Conduct sessions for management
prior to distribution of the kick-off
memo. Informed managers will be
better able to communicate the
importance of attendance to their
subordinates.
Educate program monitors, col-
lection staff, and other personnel
involved in program operations
prior to the general office sessions.
They must have a working knowl-
edge of program mechanics before
implementation.

Arrange follow-up briefings for
those employees who are unable to
attend the initial sessions.
Arrange sessions in mid-morning
and mid-afternoon; avoid sched-
uling at lunch (unless employees
are agreeable to "brown-bag"
sessions), the beginning and end of
the day, and near holidays.

Education sessions should be no longer
than 15 to 20 minutes, and should include
a formal presentation and time for
questions and answers. Include the
following key elements in the formal
presentation:

• A concise description of the
program operation.

• Pictures or displays of all collection
equipment.

• Detailed description of acceptable
and non-acceptable items stressing
the importance of keeping con-
taminants out of sorted paper.

• A description of the environmental
benefits of paper recycling and the
end products of the recycling
process (tissue, recycled office
Papar can ba ttor*d to 3 eubte ywd, roll away containare. G» ttion rata. coUac&on achadula. and
atoraea ana wfH datarmina tha typa ot storage containart ban k-nad for a facility.
28
-------
paper, etc.).

Slide shows or videos can be effective
means to convey these key aspects of the
program, along with posters and displays
of acceptable and unacceptable items,
and desk-top and central collection
containers. Posters and flyers should
appear several days before the first
employee education session. Exhibit 25 is
a poster that was used to announce the
initiation of an office paper recycling
program.

Desk-top containers should be distributed
during or immediately following the
education sessions. It is helpful to place a
"how to* memo in the container high-
lighting the reasons for recycling and
important features of the program, how it
works, the types of acceptable paper,
central container locations, and a tele-
phone number to call in case of questions.

Employees should leave the session and
begin recycling as soon as they return to
their desks. New employees should
receive the same information and
handouts including their own desk-top
container during orientation and/or
training on their first day.

Developing or Procuring Publicity
Materials
No successful program is without
continual monitoring and reminders. Initial
publicity materials such as posters and
"how to" memos should be available at the
time the education sessions are held.
Publicity materials aimed at the employee
should support and reinforce the
information provided during the education
sessions and should continually remind
Canvas Mm on rollcra can tw uatd tor collection, tramportatioih
te ttM «oragt ana and M narag* bttwaan ooUactiom by «4
•MM* papw dMtar. Tna Mm alto can ba atackad told* «acn
othw whan not In UM as that law tpaoa to uttUztd batwaan
employees of the program and the role
they play in making it successful. Publicity
tools include:

• Program logos and slogans.

• Posters.

• Newsletters and news articles.

• Brochures, leaflets, and memos.

A program logo or slogan can serve as
the key unifying and identifying element in
an office paper recovery program. A logo
can be repeated on essentially all physical
components in the program, including
desk-top and central collection containers,
posters, and other publicity materials. A
series of items exhibiting a recycling
program logo is presented in Exhibit 26.

Posters, as illustrated in Exhibit 27,
designating acceptable and non-
acceptable materials may be used to mark
central container locations or just to
announce and reinforce the program.
Posters serve as strong visual reminders
29
-------
TO: ALL ABC COMPANY EMPLOYEES
FROM: JANE DOE, PRESIDENT
DATE: MAY 24,1989
SUBJECT: OFFICE PAPER RECYCLING AT ABC COMPANY

Studies show that each office worker throws away an average of a half-pound of
recyclable paper every day. That's the equivalent of (X) tons a year from our office
alone. This means that over (Y) trees and (Z) gallons of oil are needed each year just
to keep our office afloat in paper.1 We're starting a recycling program to put this
paper to better use. By recycling, we'll lower our garbage disposal costs, earn
revenue from the sale of our paper, and do our part to improve the environment.

Participation in this program will require only small changes in your daily habits. You
will be given a desk-top container for storing whto paper and computer paper. When
your desk-top container is full, simply empty the contents into the central container
nearest your desk. The locations of the central containers will be:

NEXT TO ALL OF THE COPY MACHINES;
ROOMS 200,319, AND 452;
OUTSIDE THE COFFEE ROOM.

Please attend a short orientation session to team more about how the program works.
Three fifteen minute sessions have been scheduled for June 15,1989. The sessions
will start at 9:30 AM, 10:30 AM, and 1:30 PM. Your supervisor has a sign up sheet.

Your participation in this program does make a dtfferencel For every piece of paper
you recycle, you will:

• Protect the environment and save natural resources.

• Conserve scarce landfill space.

• Save money for our company.

If you have any questions about the program, please contact JOHN SMITH, at
Extension 4635. Thanks for your cooperation.
X - <* OF EMPLOYEES) x 04 IBS.) x (MO WORKING DAYS PEfl YRJAOOO LBS.
Y • (17MM)x (XtOMOtptpw)
Z* tor announcing an oMo* papw (vcyding progwn.
30
-------
and should be updated from time to time
to reinforce participation in the program.

In-house or company newsletters,
newspaper articles, brochures, memos,
and notices also serve as constant
reminders of program operation. They are
effective tools in the initial and continuing
education of employees. These
communications convey changes in
procedures or program pro-
gress/performance.

It may be desirable to publicize the paper
recovery program in the local newspaper
and/or the organization's newsletter.
Such a measure improves public relations
and boosts employee morale and support
EXHIBIT 25
To announc* tha education aaaafcnt that kick-off tha recycling
program, puaiaii are piaoad ttwDUQhout tha offioa ao that
amplo^as ara iiuilfiad.
of the program. Paper recycling can be a
visible demonstration of the office "good
neighbor policy*. Unlike the Federal
government, private businesses may bf
able to donate proceeds to local
community groups or charities. Such
efforts are well worth publicizing to the
community and other interested parties.

Memos, newsletters, and brochures can
be produced in-house or by outside!
services which specialize in production of
posters, slide shows, or videos. Some
publicity materials may be available
through Federal, municipal, or private
organizations. Both GSA and EPA are
developing outreach materials to assist
agencies in educating employees on
recycling. If the recycling program is
mandated through local or state
legislation, then check with the overseeing
agency regarding assistance to conduct
the employee education campaign.
Alternatively, check with local waste paper
dealers or recycling consultants for
available materials and program start-up
services. In other words, use all the
resources available to keep up the
momentum and enthusiasm that has been
established in the program.

Ongoing Publicity and Education

The publicity and education campaigns
should be continuous. There must be
immediate and sustained reinforcement of
the changing habits required for recycling.
It must be dear that the program is
permanent and that it will work only
through the cooperation of all participants.
Ongoing publicity materials should
highlight program accomplishments,
contamination problems, program
31
-------
modifications, and revenues that have
been received from the sale of the paper.
A continuing employee education program
can assure increasing participation, while
placing few demands on employees.
Another aspect of ongoing education is
new employee orientation. It is essential
that new employees are well informed
about the program through literature,
handouts, orientation sessions, etc.
(Exhibit 28).

CONTINUING PROGRAM OPERATION

Office paper recovery programs require
continued administration on the part of
building management and the program
coordinator to sustain employee
enthusiasm and cooperation. Ongoing
administrative aspects include:

• Stabilizing and monitoring program
operations.

• Providing assistance as needed to
employees.

• Coordinating with sales con-
tractors.

• Recordkeeping of costs and
revenues.

• Monitoring recovery rates and
participation.

• Reporting successes and problems
to management and employees.

Program start-up will identify problem
areas, such as in distribution of con-
Logoa and slogans aw M mproduoad on t mutttud* of torn ustd Mwy day ao (tat I
proo/am to w«tl publtai^ and thaca art oonitam VMI^ t»«nindaf» tt rtcycte.
32
-------
tainers or missed collections of central
containers. The program coordinator will
need to work closely with the collection
staff to resolve any collection problems. It
may be necessary to adjust collection
frequencies, container locations, and
collection routes. These and other
trouble-shooting adjustments should be
identified and resolved quickly by the
coordinator. On an ongoing basis, the
program coordinator should communicate
specific problems or changes to the
collection staff.

Program monitors should ensure that
central container locations are kept neat
and orderly and that central containers are
EXHIBIT 27
The poster above serves as • constant reminder tot employees
to recycle, lists the type* of wist** to be placed in each
receptacle, and deafly identifies which basket receives each
type of waste.
EXHIBIT M
Educate new employees about the recycling program durin
their orientation. A coffee mug with the program's logo will
welcome them Mtt tfw program.
emptied regularly. In addition, monitor;
can screen containers for excess
contaminants and answer employee
questions. Monitors also may be
instructed to routinely screen waste-
baskets for the presence of recyclablo
paper and distribute reminders to those
employees not participating in the
program. A list of the program monitors
will need to be updated as personnel
changes occur and periodic training
scheduled for newly appointed monitors.

The telephone number of the program
coordinator and monitor should be listed
in the office directory and distributed to
employees. Employees should be
encouraged to call to report overflows;,
ask questions, or request specie!
assistance when they anticipate
generating large amounts of paper. Extra
containers can be made available for
office dean-ups and other non-routine
activities.
Open communication between the
program coordinator and the waste paper
dealer is another key element of progranh
33
-------
operation. The program coordinator
should work closely with shipping and
receiving personnel to schedule paper
pickups and ensure that the paper is
properly organized for pickup. The
coordinator should also work with the
waste paper dealer to solve problems
such as excessive downgrading of paper
or late pickups.

The program coordinator should track the
progress and effectiveness of the paper
recovery efforts by tabulating recovery
rates, program operation costs, and
revenues from the sale of paper. These
records may provide information for
ongoing publicity memos for employee^,
progress reports for management, and
help to determine the average quantity of
paper recovered per employee. Ail these
help to portray the success of the
program and generate further interest and
compliance.
34
-------
PROJECTING THE ECONOMICS OF PAPER RECOVERY
COST FACTORS IN PAPER RECOVERY

Office paper recovery can be
economically successful! The cost
effectiveness of a high-grade paper
recovery program depends on three
primary factors: avoided disposal costs
due to reducing the present costs of
waste disposal, proceeds from the sale of
waste paper, and the costs of initiating
and operating a recycling program.
Although avoided costs of disposal and
program operation costs are not always
tracked separately for Federally-
implemented paper recovery programs,
some attention given to improving and
managing these components will lead to
more cost- effective recycling efforts.

Avoided Disposal Costs

One of the benefits of recycling is that
waste disposal costs can be avoided
since the waste is recycled rather than
disposed. To assess avoided disposal
costs related to recycling of paper wastes,
first an estimate must be made of the
quantities of high-grade paper expected to
be removed from the total waste stream.
Second, an evaluation must be made of
the waste removal service pricing method.
This might be structured as a flat fee per
time period, a fee per "pull* (emptying of
containers), or a fee per ton of waste
hauled. The first two methods are the
most common in large office buildings.

The quantity of high-grade paper that can
be removed from the waste stream is
dependent upon the type of business
involved. Typically financial and insur-
ance institutions generate the greates
amounts of high-grade waste paper wher
compared to other institutions such as
general office buildings. The most
common types of high-grade paper are
computer printout and white ledger.

The quantity of high-grade paper that will
be recovered can be estimated by
instituting a pilot recycling program,
conducting a waste stream analysis, or
simply making assumptions about waste
paper generation rates per employee
using data derived from other in-place
recycling programs. Each of these
methods was previously discussed in the
section on the Feasibility Study.

The avoided disposal costs are the
difference between your current disposal
costs and the costs for disposing of only
nonrecydable wastes. Examine the
current disposal contract and determine
the costs of collecting/hauling the
nonrecydable waste. The waste hauler
should be contacted to negotiate a
reduction in hauling fees by changing the
flat fee, the number of containers serviced,
and/or the number of pulls needed.

The average monthly or yearly disposal
costs may not be influenced by reduction
in waste tonnage or volume due to
recycling. For instance, facilities that
dispose of bulk items such as wood
pallets and corrugated boxes may not
significantly reduce the volume of their
waste without compacting. As a result,
35
-------
the storage and collection frequency
requirements would remain unchanged,
even though the hauling weight would be
reduced. In addition, disposal cost
reductions may be precluded by:

• Existing contractual agreements
with the hauler and/or pricing
mechanisms that limit negotiating
cost reductions based upon flow
reductions.
• Leasing arrangements that prevent
negotiating cost reductions in
rented buildings where the lessor
has the responsibility for disposal
contracts.

In facilities studied by EPA in the 1970s,
the disposal cost was reduced by about
half the percentage that the waste stream
was reduced. For example, if the weight
of the waste stream was reduced by 40
percent after program implementation, a
20 percent reduction in disposal cost
resulted. This relationship indicates the
importance of tracking avoided disposal
costs to support a paper recovery
program.
from the Sate rrf Wasta Papar
The proceeds from the sale of w&ne
paper depend upon the quantity of paper
generated, the level of contamination, the
transportation costs to get the product to
the market and the general state of the
secondary paper market

Current market prices for one ton of
loose, unbaled high-grade paper can be
obtained through industrial publications or
local manufacturers that directly use
recycled paper. The Fiber Market News
price quotes are for paper FOB (Free On
Board - no shipping costs) at the facility
loading dock. Mill Trade Journal quotes
prices for paper FOB at the mill dock,
whereas the price quoted in the Offical
Board Markets publication is FOB at the
mill, baled and in boxcar loads (minimum
amounts). In addition, local waste paper
dealers can provide current prices for
recycled high-grade paper specific to local
conditions and transportation costs. An
example of published mill prices for May
1989 is presented in Table 2. For all
regions the price paid per ton for
computer paper was 3 to 4 times higher
than that paid for sorted white ledger. For
both paper types the highest prices are
paid in the West while dealers in the East,
Mid-west and South are receiving
considerably lower prices for their waste
paper.

Federal, state, and some local
government agencies have procurement
service branches such as GSA and DLA
which already may have waste paper
contracts in place in specific U.S. regions.
These agencies should be contacted for
current prices and relevant provisions of
the contracts.

For most Federal agencies, collected
waste paper is considered to be the
property of the U.S. Government.
Consequently, proceeds from the sale of
recycled paper are deposited in the U.S.
Treasury, as required by 40 USC Section
485(a), Federal Property Administrative
Services Act of 1949. Thus, revenues
derived from a specific Federal facility's
program most often cannot be used to
offset recycling program costs directly.
(However, proposed Federal legislation
may change this requirement and enable
36
-------
individual Federal agencies to control
these proceeds from recycling programs.)
A few civilian agencies may be exempt
from this requirement due to the way in
which their funds have been apporpriated.
Program coordinators in Federal agencies
should contact their general counsel and
GSA to ensure that revenues are returned
to the proper entity.

Proceeds from the sale of recyclables at
the military department or department of
defense are used for operational costs of
the program. The balance exceeding
operation and maintenance of the
program is spirt evenly. Fifty percent goes
towards energy conservation programs
and occupational health and safety
activities. The remaining proceeds are
credited to a military welfare and morale
account at the installation. Amounts in
excess of $2,000,000 per fiscal year are
deposited in the Treasury. (U.S. Code
Military Construction codification Act, Oct.
1,1982, Title 10, Section 2577).
Costs of Implementing a Recycling
Program

The costs for implementing a recycling
program vary among programs and with
time. Initially, a high-grade waste paper
recycling program is likely to increase
both administrative and custodial (or
collection) labor, and costs for publicity,
educational materials, containers,
equipment, and perhaps, storage space.
The largest administrative costs typically
entail start-up costs that occur over the
first several months. Once the program is
in place and fine-tuned, then the
administrative costs should decline and be
limited to trouble-shooting the program on
an as-needed basis.

Other costs required to initiate a program
depend on the type of facility (size,
complexity, and outlay) as well as the
support and cooperation from manage-
ment, employees, and out-of-house
contractors (i.e., custodial services and
TABLE 2
MILL PRICES FOR HIGH-GRADE WASTE PAPER
(May 1989)
Region
East
Mid-West
South
West
Sourc*. Offiefef Board Mvtott, 65 (19), May 13,

Sorted
White Ledger
$55-60
$65-75
$55-65
$70-80
itte.
PRICES (per ton)
Computer
Printout
$200-210
$205-215
$200-210
$300-310

37
-------
waste disposal services). Many of these
cost components are listed in Table 3,
atong with estimates of requirements for
program start-up and operation.

As an example, custodial labor
requirements often can be met through an
existing custodial service contract Many
Federal agencies have existing clauses in
their contracts that require waste paper
pickups. Alternatively, the existing
custodial service contract may require
revision. Estimated labor requirements for
custodial services are given in Exhibit 29.

Purchases or capital outlays needed
include containers for separating and
collecting (and sometimes storing) the
waste paper, and educational and
publicity materials. Containers for the
separation and collection of waste paper
will need to be purchased commercially,
entailing desk-top containers (at least one
per employee) and central collection
containers (about one per 20 employees).
These containers can be obtained from
office supply or custodial supply
companies. The recycling contractor may
also be able to supply central collection
containers. Alternatively, some agencies
design specific desk-top and central
containers and request that manufacturers
supply these units through a bidding
process. Table 3 presents a range of
estimated costs for desk-top and central
containers obtained from all these
sources.

Storage containers, depending on size
desired or needed, range anywhere from
under $500 for a 4 cu. yd. front loader to
more than $3,000 for a 30 cu. yd. roll-off
container. Because containers for storing
waste paper at a loading dock typically
are provided by waste paper dealers, they
were not included in the expenditure table.

Additional collection equipment may be
needed, depending on the facility's
requirements. Some waste paper dealers
provide wheeled central storage
containers to ease inter-facility transport to
secondary containers, thereby reducing
paper handling labor by eliminating
transfers at the central storage area.
Compactors or paper balers may need to
be purchased or leased to reduce paper
volumes if there is little available storage
space to be acquired. Associated
equipment might include pallets, forklifts,
and roll-off containers, depending on the
size of the program.

Storage space for containers may already
be available at the loading dock, or
additional space may need to be leased
(or purchased) from the landlord or
owner. Additional space requirements
can be minimized by arranging for more
frequent pickups by the recycling
intractor.
Costs for educational and publicity
materials (such as posters and labels for
the containers) and memos or brochures
to inform employees about the program
can be minimized by in-house production
of the items. Once a program is
implemented, further use of low-cost
newsletters or other news bulletins should
be made to reduce publicity costs. The
posters can be reissued every couple of
years to revitalize interest in the program.
Estimated costs for educational and
publicity materials are given in Table 3.
38
-------
TABLE 3
ASSUMPTIONS USED IN ESTIMATING RATES, TIME, AND
EXPENDITURES ASSOCIATED WITH WASTE PAPER RECOVERY PROGRAMS
A) Mixed High-Grade Paper Recovery

General offices or offices w/o
significant computer usage
(assume computer printout
generation is much less
than for white ledger)

Banks and insurance companies or
offices w/significant computer
usage
(assume computer printout
generation is equal to or
greater than that for white
ledger)

B) Percent Recovery

C) Weight-to-Volume Conversion
(for loose paper)
D) Administrative Labor for the
Recycling Coordinator

1. Start-up labor
(during months 1 & 2)

2. Labor to maintain the program
(for month 3+)

E) Custodial labor to pick up
waste paper from central containers
0.5 Ibs/employee/day*
1.0 Ibs/employee/day
(2)
1 ton * 5 cu/yd non-compacted
3 cu/yd compacted
10 hrs/100 employees/month
2.25 hrs/100 employees/month
8 hrs/100 employees/month
(4)
39
-------
TABLE 3 (continued)
F) Containers

1. Desktop containers

paperboard/plastic
file folder to upright

2. Central containers w/lids

20 gal. plastic
32 gal. plastic
44 gal. plastic
36 gal. paperboard

G) Publicity and Education

Posters (purchased)
Labels (purchased)
Memos/Brochures
(produced in-house)

H) Life Period

Life of paperboard containers
Ufe of plastic containers
Life of educational materials
$2/container/employee

($1-$4)
$25/container/20 employees®
$25/container/20 employees*5*
$35-45/container/20 employees®
$4.50/container/20 employees®
$25/poster/central container
$0.50/sticker/container
$0.25/person
5 years or less
10 years
2 years
I and to MMjiTWd to b* a
on vio IMO InoFMMd. Tnta to •
t tn niQMy oomputoniod HMO boon itiowA to ooltoct t*7 B&/Mnployot/dBy. MMto* It to oofiMiion to ooltoct
oomputtr printout and write todgtr MpanMy OMCUM of tfw Mgfwr valu* of OBmpultr prtntoiit no brackdoim to grnvn

only.
(4) Rvftn ID ExhlWt 29-
•qukl to 29 0tfom m ent «M*k.

40
-------
COMPARISON OF SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL COSTS WITH AND WITHOUT
RECYCLING

The cost effectiveness of implementing a
high-grade waste paper recycling program
can best be illustrated by comparing costs
for solid waste disposal at a facility before
recycling is implemented (current
situation) versus after recycling is
implemented (proposed situation).
Typically, the comparison is estimated for
one year due to lack of long-term
fixed-price contracts for waste disposal
and waste paper sales. Costs and
computations should include capital
expenditures and operation and
maintenance (O&M) costs. In order to
develop an annual cost for the upcoming
year, capital expenditures are converted
to annual costs by dividing each
expenditure by the estimated useful life
(number of years) of the capital item.
Operation and maintenance costs
normally are tracked as annual costs.
Table 4 is a worksheet used to aid in the
computation of costs for solid waste
disposal with or without recycling
activities. The worksheet will help indicate
potential savings gained after im-
plementation of a paper recovery
program. Items listed in the worksheet
are monthly and annual O&M and capital
costs laid out for program operations. To
annualize a capital cost for an item, it must
be divided by its expected life period
(obtained from Table 3).

The only way that program success can
be gauged economically, is through
careful tracking of costs continually
throughout the life of the program. Those
values used in the Table 4 worksheet may
only be ballpark figures, yet their
usefulness in determining the feasibility of
a paper recovery program should not be
underestimated.
350.

300.

250.

200.

150.

100.

so.

0
MAN HOURS/MONTH • (NUMBER Of EMPLOYEES) X
(0.07 COLLECTION MAN HOURS/EMPLOYEE/MONTH)
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

OF EMPLOYEES HOUSED VMTHM THE FAOUTY
4500 5000
EXHIBIT an
p«p«f .
41
-------
TABLE 4
WORKSHEET FOR COMPARISON OF SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL COSTS WITH AND WITHOUT RECYCLING
PRESENT DISPOSAL COSTS:
Disposal
Equipment
Custodial Labor
Revenue From Any Current
Recycling Program

TOTAL
ANNUAL
$.
DISPOSAL COSTS AFTER IMPLEMENTATION:
Disposal Costs for Reduced
Waste Volume1
Labor • Administrative
Custodial
Equipment -
Desk-top Containers
Central Containers
Storage, etc.
Publicity/Educational Information
Posters
Labels
Brochures/Memos

SUBTOTAL

Waste Paper Sales Revenues2

Net Recycling Disposal Costs
$.
$.
$.
$.
$.
$.
$.

$.
SAVINGS:
Present Disposal
Costs Total
Net Recycling
Disposal Costs
Net Savings (Costs)
1 Owrmiiwttwrad

2 ContMtwMMpap
• volurrwt muffing from recycling and contact your watt* dteponl company to determine

»oi oorautt martnt tMings ter ttw oumnt vakM el yowr wan* p«pw *ith or without pickup
42
-------
ARRIVING AT SUCCESS AND

BEYOND TO THE FUTURE PROGRAM
Through a concerted recycling effort the
current solid waste crisis can be turned
back before it worsens. Businesses and
offices instituting high-grade waste paper
collection programs can help reclaim a
great deal of the 41 percent of solid waste
made of paper. ff each employee can be
made to feel that they take part equally
and enthusiastically in a greater program
of social good, then a paper recovery
program can successfully be ac-
complished. Key components of any
program include:

• Management support.

• Designating a capable program
coordinator.

• Effective program monitors.

• Conducting an effective employee
publicity and education program.
» Developing and implementing a
reliable collection system.

• Reliable storage and removal.

• Establishing an appropriate long-
term marketing arrangement (i.e., a
paper sales contract).

• Establish periodic program mon-
itoring to quantitatively assess
progress.

There are a plethora of reasons to
implement a successful recycling
program. Source separation and
recycling of high-grade paper helps to
conserve timber, water, and energy
resources with benefit to the economy
and our nation's environment. Recycling
reduces the solid waste quantities
generated by office buildings and thus can
reduce building management costs.
High-grade paper recovery programs
using the desk-top containers have
demonstrated high levels of participation
and help to educate employees about
recycling. This education can have far
reaching effects, since employees may
start to recycle as part of their daily routine
at home and pass on the message to
family members and friends.

After the office paper recovery program is
operating successfully, the organization
can further increase its recycling efforts
by instituting separation programs for
beverage containers and other paper
grades, for example. Office recycling
programs can be more effective by
increasing the office's use of materials and
products that are recyclable rather than
disposable. One method is to reduce the
amount of non-recoverable paper
(colored, coated, etc.} procured for use in
the office. For example, in the District of
Columbia, the Council of Governments is
urging offices to avoid using non-
recyclable yellow legal paper.
Promote waste reduction efforts in the
office by encouraging employees to
reduce their waste generation. Make
double-sided copies, use the blank side of
used paper as scratch paper, and
circulate less in-house paper (by using
43
-------
electronic mail communication or routing
memos by department rather than
distributing them to each employee).

Less waste can be generated through the
purchase of more durable goods in lieu of
disposals; refilling rather than replacing
cartridges for printers; procurement of
more supplies in bulk to avoid over-
packaging, and purchase of surplus or
second hand supplies, equipment, and
furniture. In short, get everyone thinking
"conservation1.

Finally, recycling does not end with
collection of recydables. As illustrated in
the three arrow recycling symbol, the
system is continuous and the recycling
process is complete only if manufacturers
and consumers use and demand
products made of recycled materials.
Federal agencies and other organizations
should purchase products made from
recycled paper. In many areas, Federal
and state laws require and encourage
procurement of recycled materials such as
retreaded tires, recycled oil, etc
Purchasing recycled materials ensures
that there is a demand for the paper
collected through recycling programs.

Recycling, waste reduction, and
purchasing recycled materials by Federal,
state and other offices are important
pieces in solving the solid waste puzzle.
Implementing a successful office paper
recycling program as outlined in this
manual is one way for Federal and other
offices to help meet our national goal of
25% recycling and reduction of waste and
to set the tone for others to follow. By
easing the landfill capacity dilemma we
can help ourselves and preserve the
future for coming generations.
44
-------
CASE STUDY
EPA HEADQUARTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C.
This case study describes EPA's
high-grade waste paper recovery program
that was initiated in 1975 at the EPA
headquarters at Waterside Mall, 401 M
Street S.W., in Washington, D.C. A
desk-top system was employed for
separation and collection of waste paper.

The program was publicized through the
slogan 'Use it Again, Sam*. This program
was introduced to employees through
memos and pamphlets (Exhibit 30). Black
plastic desktop holders were distributed to
each employee, and secondary collection
containers (one per 20 employees) were
placed throughout the office. The
secondary containers were cardboard
boxes (approximately 2' x 1.5' and 0.75'
high) and were used for paper collection
from nearby desk-top containers. Paper
was collected from the cardboard
containers by the custodial staff and
stored at the loading dock in a central
storage area. GSA's Office of Public
Buildings and Real Property (OPR) and
their Buildings Management Division,
assigned and funded personnel to
oversee the program while the GSA
Federal Supply Service supervised the
assigned personnel. From 1975 to 1978,
an estimated 400 tons of high-grade paper
was collected and recycled, generating a
gross revenue of $15,000.

In 1978, EPA shifted the responsibility for
floor-to-floor waste paper collecting from
their custodial contractors to their contract
in-house movers, Trans- Continental, Inc.
In 1982, GSA initiated a program for
implementing high-grade waste paper
recovery at all Federal agencies in the
National Capital Region. This program
started with 28 targeted buildings but was
later discontinued at most of the locations
due in part to the declining value of waste
paper. EPA (at Waterside Mall) and three
other buildings housing Department of
Agriculture offices continued the recovery
program.

The collection of high-grade waste paper
continued at a marginal level at EPA until
about 1988. Problems cited in the
program included the lack of active
program management including employee
education; contractor problems for waste
pickups; difficulties in obtaining recycle
boxes from the Federal Supply Service;
and insufficient recordkeeping to track the
economics of the program.

Recycling Work Group

In 1988, EPA sought to increase recycling
of solid wastes. In February of that year,
EPA established a 'Recycling Work
Group" to help the agency attain the goal
of 75 percent recycling of agency white
paper wastes by December 1989. Th
Work Group makes recommendations
EPA's Facilities Management Services
Division which currently administers the
high-grade waste paper collection
program. Funding for the Work Group is-
through the budgets of the Office of
Administration and Resources Man
45
-------
>.
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON. O.C. 20460
SUBJECT: PAPER RECYCLING AT WATERSIDE HALL

FROM: Russell E. Train

TO: All EPA Employees
Our Agency will soon Initiate at Waterside Mall the first federal paper
recycling program in the Washington, O.C. area. The object of this program
Is to recycle all the high-grade white and off-white wastepaper we generate
at Waterside Nail. As you My know, EPA has proposed that all federal
agencies recycle their high-grade wastepaper. We hope our program will
serve as an example for these agencies. As we approach the Agency's fifth
anniversary, it is significant that this program presents a rare opportunity
for every Individual to contribute personally and tangibly to a collectively
significant environmental improvement effort.

By recycling our high-grade wastepaper, we can recover over half of all
the waste that leaves EPA's buildings. A contract recently signed for sale
of our paper will bring revenues of approximately $50 per ton to the U.S.
Treasury. This is in addition to the fact that recycling conserves energy
and natural resources and protects our land from overburdens of waste.

The recycling program at Waterside Nail will be simple; only small
changes in our daily habits are required. Each employee will have a
desk-top container into which he or she will place white and off-white
wastepaper. When the container is filled, about once a week, the employee
will empty the accumulated paper Into a designated box at conveniently
located recycling stations on each floor. These stations will be clearly
marked with our USE IT AGAIN, SAN slogan and will be located at a place
which each employee frequents in the course of his or her normal business
day.

A series of slide shows will be given to acquaint each employee with
the program. A schedule of these will be distributed within the next two
weeks. I urge each of you to attend. In addition to the slide shows, the
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs will provide assistance as
required.

Within the next week, program coordinators from that office will
identify convenient recycling station locations and answer questions.

The success of this program depends upon everyone's cooperation.
Th» program Mok«ff mwno UMd «t EPA hMdquarwn to Mroduoi th* paper r»ooy«ry piegram.
46
-------
agement and the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response.

Work Group initiatives conducted during
1988 and 1989 in conjunction with the
high-grade waste paper recovery program
include:

• Hiring one full-time employee to
address in-house recycling
programs at EPA and outreach to
other Federal agencies.

• Designating one official recycling
coordinator/monitor for each
program office within EPA.

• Making spot checks at EPA offices
in Waterside Mall; noting the
absence of recycle boxes,
distributing cards (see Exhibit 31)
to each office reminding them that
desk-top and secondary containers
are available free of charge at the
supply store, distributing recycling
boxes, providing them with a
telephone number to call for paper
pickup, and a contact for
formation requests on the program.

• Recommending that the Crystal
City and Fairchild buildings housing
EPA employees be included in the
waste paper collection program in
place at Waterside Mall.

• Conducting a one-week waste
stream analysis to estimate the
effectiveness of the paper recoveiy
program and distributing a merro
to employees reporting the results

• Implementing a "friendly* ad-
ministrative enforcement program
whereby recycle reminders will be
posted when spot visual checks
reveal inadequate program
participation at a given office
(Exhibit 32).
• Including information about re-
cycling into new employe'
orientation sessions.
/^ \ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
! » Paper Recycling Program
• Desk Top Containers and Boxes are avalabie-ffl££-at the
Supply Store (G-100)

• FOR PAPER PICK-UP CALL 382-2140

• For general information on the EPA Recycling Program

Cal:

Look tor Gta» 4 Aluminum tooyctng Pragma Soon/
EXHIBIT 31
A 3>5 fad) cart WM dt«ribut*d to •mptoy*** wMn an •bMnoa of recycling oonuinwa i* noMd.
47
-------
• Placing signs over copiers urging
two-sided copying.

In conjunction with these activities at EPA,
GSA revised their high-grade waste paper
pickup contracts in 1988 and 1989. "TTie
standard contract was changed to reflect
a price consistent with the market value of
the paper. The price-per-ton for
high-grade waste paper (white ledger and
computer paper) was increased from $30
under the 1988 contract to $80 under the
1989 contract
Planned activities discussed during the
Work Group meetings include the
following:

• Replacing the secondary con-
tainers with a smaller size (i.e., 1.5'
by 1.0'by 0.75').
• Conducting another waste stream
analysis in 1989 to monitor the
program's success.
• increasing efforts for procurement
of recycled paper products
EPA's WHITE PAPER
RECYCLING
PROGRAM
KKYCUAU.
net »•
.YNOT
tw EM
PIMM note ft* 0tMB )vi and booto.
4^^^^^ k^b^M^ ^^i^ t^Mttxi^ AAM t
ftoni nonw «no wont, on
for raeydbig it ttw Igloo oont
in th« Wttt Ibwwr parking tat, M Strati
NAME
RECYCLING
REMINDER
around this area revealed
high-grade white paper hi the trash can.
The Agency is now striving to recycle aN
of to high grede white paper.1 Recycling

extends the Me of landtls and reduces air
and water poluuon.

PtoMS help promote EPA's commitment
to recycling by putting att waste high-grade
white paper (listed on reverse) in a
designated box tor recydng. R youroflice
does not have a recycfng box. or needs
additional recycling boxM. theM can be
obtained at no charge from the EPA
Supply Store. R your recycling box is tutt,
pkMM cal 382-2140 tor pickup. For more
information on ERA'S recydng efforts, you
may can the individual acted on the reverse
side who is a volunteer on the Agency's
Recycling Workgroup. Thank you tor your
cooperation.
offiM If tt
EXHIBIT Si
^aid^ofacM
ttwy hev* b»tn diMsrdlng raeyelsbl* nuttri*) in VM mh.
48
-------
including letterhead,
and business cards.
copy paper
• Continuing efforts for recycling
other materials (glass and
aluminum) inside the EPA building.

In addition, the Work Group is expanding
the high-grade paper recovery program to
include bulk paper grades and
newspapers in compliance with the District
of Columbia's recycling mandate. Thus,
EPA is purchasing desk-top and central
collection containers for collecting various
grades of paper. The Recycling Work
Group and coordinator have stepped up
employee education efforts and collection
frequencies to meet the needs of the
expanding program.
Proram Oeratios
Exhibit 33 illustrates the trends in monthly
quantities of waste paper collected at EPA I
headquarters over the past three
contracts (1986-87, 1987-88 and
1988-89). Each succeeding contract
period surpassed the other in total
quantity collected:
in 1986-87 at $30.
ledger for a total
for white
$5,565.
MONTHLY QUANTITIES OF
HIGH-GRADE WASTEPAPER COLLECTED
AT EPA HEADQUARTERS
(DtcmntMr 19M - April IMt)
§0
DM Jan Ftb Mar Apr May Jim Jul Aug SM Oct Nov
Month*
EXHIBIT 3?
-------
• 268.7 tons in 1987-88 at $30.00/ton
for white ledger for a total of
$8,361.
• 4oa tons of high-grade paper at
SSO.OOAon were collected during
FY1988-89 for a total of $32,240.

The effectiveness of the program at EPA
was evaluated in 1988 through a waste
stream composition study by Franklin
Associates Ltd. and NUS Corporation.
The study entailed a one-week physical
sampling of wastes generated in the three
leased EPA buildings (Waterside Mall,
Crystal City, and Fairchild). During the
1988 fiscal year, EPA collected and
recycled about 269 tons of high-grade
waste paper. A comparison of the survey
results estimate that 250 tons of
high-grade paper was disposed (not
recovered) during the same time period.
Thus, approximately 52 percent of the
high-grade waste stream was recovered
successfully. Approx- imately 6,600 EPA
employees occupy the three buildings.

Estimates of waste generation rates for
high-grade paper were made on the basts
of the waste composition study and
amounts of recoverable paper. The
computations shown below indicate a rate
of 0.66/pounds/employee/day.

Current operations (1989) for EPA's
program involve a staff of three laborers
that empty the secondary containers at
each of the three EPA buildings, with
subsequent transport and storage at the
loading dock at Waterside Mall. (Fairchild
and Crystal City do not have adequate
storage space.) Waterside Mall is
serviced by this staff once per day.
Fairchild is serviced twice per week and
Crystal City is serviced once per week.
Crystal City and Fairchild were added to
the program in 1988. Collection of waste
paper at these two facilities is limited to
the use of 44-gallon plastic barrels at
central locations in copy rooms.
Waste
paper pickups by the GSA
are scheduled on an
"as-needed" basis at Waterside Mall and
usually occur at a rate of between 1-2
pickups per week. A telephone call one
day In advance is required to arrange the
pickup. A minimum of four filled central
storage containers provided by the waste
paper dealer are needed for a pickup.
The central containers currently provided
to EPA are large cardboard containers on
pallets.

The operations staff at Waterside Mall has
10 central containers on hand to store and
fill with recovered paper. The waste paper
dealer fills out a delivery order form
denoting the pickup location, date, truck
number, number and type of containers
and the grade of paper picked up, if
attainable. A government representative
signs and receives a copy of the order
form as well as empty boxes equal in
number to those removed. Within 24
hours, the truck is weighed by the
contractor and the tare weight of the truck
is subtracted from the weighed value to
obtain the weight of the waste paper. This
(269 + 250 tons} x
1 year
(2-QQO Ibsl x ( 1 1
ton 6,600 employees

- 0.66 pounds/employee/day
1 year
J
240 working days
50
-------
figure is then reported to GSA and to EPA
within 14 days of the pickup. Grade 1
paper as defined by EPA's GSA contract
includes:

• Computer printout.
• White ledger.

• Hard white shaving.

• Manila tabulating cards.

Central collection containers must not
contain greater than 1 percent unaccept-
able contaminants by weight. Acceptable
contaminants are paper dips, staples, and
soluble glues (i.e., bond envelope glue).
Unacceptable contaminants include
pressure-sensitive labels and tapes,
plastic-window envelopes, rubberbands,
brown/golden kraft envelopes, binders,
paper fasteners, binder dips, plastic
materials, and carbon paper.
Contaminated loads are downgraded to
Grade 3 and are priced at $3l/ton m the
1989 contract. Only minor contamination
problems have occurred to date in the
1989 contract (less than two percent of
the loads have been downgraded).
Waste paper containing classified or
confidential material is shredded once per
week and combined with the Grade 1
paper prior to being collected by the
waste paper dealer. Other confidential
materials may be shredded at individual
locations within EPA headquarters and
disposed with other solid waste materials.

The EPA headquarters' recyding program
cannot be assessed in terms of its
cost-effectiveness as related to the
Agency's budget The proceeds from the
sale of waste paper (which is the property
of the Federal government) are directed
back into the U.S. Treasury [as specified
in 40 USC Section 485(8) pursuant to the
Federal Property and Administrative
Services Act of 1949]. Also, the buildings
in which EPA headquarters reside are
leased to them and waste collection and
disposal are included in the lease as a
service provided by their lessor.
Therefore, cost savings in terms of
avoided disposal costs or proceeds from
paper recovery cannot be tracked readily.
51
-------
OTHER SOURCES OF RECYCLING INFORMATION

OFFICE PAPER RECYCLING:

Optlmfratinn of QfHca Papar Raeovary Systems Final Report, EPA Office at Solid Waste. May 1977
(NTIS#PB264214/LP).
Offir« PaiMtr Rscouerv An Imolc
ritatton Manual EPA Office Of Solid Waste. 1977 (SW-571Q.
Paper ReeveHno. Metro Service District. Portland, OR, 1987.

Salting Up An Office Papar Raeydlng Program. Community Environmental Council, Inc.,
Santa Barbara, CA. 1987.

"How to Recycle Waste Paper," American Paper Institute, Paper Recycling Committee, New York, NY.

Program Paalon and ImptamatitaHnn Ptneadun* Raptvt Count* an tha Fnutmnm«m nf Mau/ YnA fJty
New York, NY.

Your Offlea Papitr Ruryritng QiiMn The San Frandsco RecydlnQ Program. San Francisco, CA.

ERA'S MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND RECYCLING PROGRAM:

Tha SdM Wast* Pi»mma- An Aynrf* tor Aeten^ EPA Office of Solid Waste, February 1989
PPA/530-SW-019).

EPA RCRA/Superfund Hotline -1 (800) 424-0346 or (202) 382-3000

RECYCLING OTHER MATERIALS IN THE OFFICE:

Guida tor Preparing Commerebit SalM W««t« RaH. i^Hon and Raeyritno Plans. OSCAR. Rhode Island
Department of Environmental Management, Providence Rl.

A Guide to RaeveHny Cemm^reM W»«t« Urn* Jmnmf FUp»ftman> nl Pnufamnrnantal Protection, Office Of
Recycling, Trenton. NJ.

OTHER MUNICIPAL WASTE AND RECYCLING PUBLICATIONS:

Bibliography of Municipal Solid W««t« Managamant AHamattvaa EPA Office Of Solid Waste. August 1989
(EPA/530-SW49455).

PURCHASING RECYCLED MATERIALS:

•BuMing Mantes far Raeyetohtoa . Tha Fadartl Panar GukteHna.- Waste Ago Qernhar iflflfl

"Buying Recycled Paper A Primer,- WMtaApa July 1939.
EPA Procurement Hotline • (703) 941-4452 (for Woi
and copies of all EPA procurement guidelines.
including paper, retread tires, rereflned lubricating ols, and holding Insulation products).
-------
APPENDIX A
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GUIDEUNES
FOR SOURCE SEPARATION FOR MATERIALS RECOVERY
(40 CFR 246)
-------
1*1:11
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GUIDELINES
FOR SOURCE SEPARATION FOR MATERIALS RECOVERY

(40 CFR 246; 41 F» 16950, April 23,1976; EffMtite May 24,1976;

47 FR 36602, A*fwtt 20,1982)
CHATTOI (--CNVtftONMeNTAL
PROTECTION AQfMCY

MHT 24«—SOURCE SCMIUTlON
MATERIALS RECOVERY GUIDELINES
?ei>i >•>•«« of
Federal agencies tint make the de-
termination not to source separate u de-
scribed la H 24* 200-1. 2MJ01-1, and
24C.M2.1. (or whatever reason. shall
make available (o the Administrator the
iMMortaeSuHd
i Dlspessl Act as smsailsd by tfc*
m Coiuervaiion end ftooowy Act ef
Ifflaei
(Authority diaim revised by 47 FR
36601 Augwt 20. 1912)
analysis »nd ntioiult IIM<| In
that dcwntttzution. The Admintttrttor
•ban pnMteh nettec of ttu ftraltabllity
of Ihto rtpoft to th* mnorsl pubUc in
tfa* Fnnu, jUuuiii. *nit f oOowlnc arc
eoaildtrttf to b* vslld IWMBI for not
Btlac under Individual fact*
tnabtutr to tell the
^iw to lack of mar-
tot. and com M onrMMoably high a* to
imdtr wurat triaraUon for material
•eonomtcally Impracticable.
IS46.1M

(a) Han fUMUum m appltcahle IB
<1> Tbe following potnti an to to eev-
end In the report!
(1) A datt'ilptlun of alternative
considered with emphasis on tbose al
natives which Involve source sepera
for
(b» Tbe
for Federal agendas for the recovery of
*••""• (NB MUd mate through

SlTof tbe Solid Wae^&oal ArtuS
•mondtd. and baeuttve Order 117U
Seetion 4(a>, tbe "Requirement- ate.

for an Federal acendes that tenerate
•olid waste, to addition, they an reoom-
mended to State, mtentate. regional.
and local governments for use In their
activities.
i an presented to t
Mtbod* by which the ob-
jective! of the requirements ou to real-
Tbo
(d)
A deeerlprtoB of oecolnc
which win to continued and new action*
taton orpmpuaid. Tht. itatement ihould
Montttr an aceney faeOlttee which will to
afloetodbrthoooaetlOBttaeludincabrtaf
deeertptioa of BOW rach tactttttei wffl to
Aa aaaljralB in cuppon of the ac-
by the oioner *"«'~"»»f toch-
•tudiot, *»"i policy
ID arrtrlni at nuch
In covetlnt the potato above, acencten
abould mato every effort to pneeot ln>
formation lucctnetly la a fom eattij un-
dentood, but la fufflelent detail » that
the factor* tnfluenctnc the decision not
to eource separmte for materlali rerovery
' for Federali _
The environmental Frotoctton
win noder technical aislstance
m the form of eample east analyst* for-
bid «nodfleations. tmple-
other culdanee to Federal i
requested to do eo. punuant to Section
>(d)l of becutive Ordor 11783.
(o> Within one year after the effec-
tive date of theae miideUno*.
•ban mate a final determination as to
what action* ihaU to taken to adopt the
of
(3> -me above report than oe sub-
mitted to U» Administrator a* soon a*
possible after a final ateney determina-
tion has toon made not to adopt the re-
quirement* of theae guidelines, but in no
oaso later than sixty days after such final
determination. Tbe Administrator will
mdleate to the ateney hi* concurrence/
BMMi*i>g>^MrmiCT with y^ accncy's decl*
"flwttng bis reason therefor.
of actions that
would Preclude eource separation (or ma
toriale recovery shall to deferred. l<
sixty days where feasible, tn order
Stv* the Administrator an opportunit
to receive" analne and seek cUrtfictttton
»-t7-«2
shan. within two months of such deter-
mination, submit to tbe.
schedule of stnta actions.

PubUslwd by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC., WASHINGTON. O.C. 20037
of the above requlnd report.
195
-------
181:1182
FEDERAL REGULATIONS
<4) It U recommended Out wnsre the
report required by 1246.1WM> concerns
an actton (or which an Environmental
Impact Statement ta required by
the National Environmental Policy Act.
that the repon ba circulated together
with the OS.

(g> (Removed]

[246 I00(g) removed by 47 FR 36602.
August 20. 1982)

(g) The report required under |
Mo.KXXe) and (0 shall be made on forms
to be prescribed by ihe Administrator by
notice m the Federal Register.
[H6 100(h) revised and redesignsted as
(g) by 47 FR 36602. August 20, 19821

1244,101 UcftnMoM.
As uaed la theae guldellaes:
«a> "Agricultural aolld waste" means
Uw aolld waste that la generated by the
rearing of animals, aad the producinc
and harvesting of cropt or tree*.
(b) "Baler" means a machiae uaed to
cpmpreaa aolld waawa, primary materials,
or recoverable matertala. with or with-
out biadiai, to a, deaalty or form which
will lupport handling aud traaaportaUon
aa a material unit rather than requiring
a disposable or reuseable container. Thla
specifically excludes briquettcri and sta-
tlonary compaction equipment which la
uaed to compact materials tato dlspos-
able or reuseabla containers.
«e) "Bulk contalaer" means a lane
container that eaa either be pulled or
lifted mechanically onto a service ve-
hicle or emptied mechanically into a
service vehicle,
(d) "Classified Waste" meant waste
material that baa bean liven eecurttj
classification ta accordance with M
C AC. 401 and Executive Order 11663.
<•) -Collection- meant the act of re-
moving solid waste ••Commercial solid waste" meu*
aU types of solid wastes generated by
stores, office*, restaurants, warehouses
aad other non-manufacturing activities.
and non-processing wastes such as office
aad pecking Vastes generated at indus-
trial facilities.
>h> "Construction **"* drrn'rtlBfTi
waste" means the waste buOdlnt matt-
rials, packaging, and rubble) resulting
from construction, remodeling, repair.
and demolition operations on pav
houses, commercial buildings aad other
structures.
"Compartmentalised vehicle"
means a collection vehicle which has two
or more compartments for placement of
wild wastes or recyclable materials. The
compartment* may be within Uw main
truck body or on the outside of that body
as in the torn of metal racks.
(}) ••corrugated container waste"
means discarded corrugated boxes.
"Corrugated box"
tattler for goods which la composed of so
luaer fluting of material (corrugating
medium) aad one or two outer linen of
materiel (Unerboard).
il> -Federal facility" means any build-
ing. Installation, structure, land, or pub-
lic work owned by or leased to the Fed-
eral Government. Ships at tea. aircraft la
the air, land forces on maneuvers, aad
other mobile Utilities are not considered
Federal faculties for the purpose of these
guidelines. United States Government
installations located on foreign soil or on
land outside the Jurisdiction of the
United States Government are not con-
sidered Federal facilities for the purpose
of these guidelines.
im> "Food waste" means the organic
residues generated by the handling, stor-
age, sale, preparation, cooking, and serv-
ing of foods; commonly called garbage.
ta> "Generation" means the act or
process of producing solid waste.
tot -High-grade paper" means letter-
head, dry copy papers, miscellaneous bus*
mess forms, stationery, typing paper,
tablet sheets, and computer printout
paper aad cards, commonly sold as
"white ledger.'' "computer printout"
aad -tab card" grade by the wastepaper
Industry.
. -PI "Industrial solid waste" means the
soud waste generated by Industrial proc-
esses aad manufacturing.
«q> "Infectious waste" means: (1)
Equipment. Instruments, utensils, aad
fomitss surgical
operating room pathologic tiiecaneas
aad disposable formates attendant
thereto and similar disposable material!
from outpatient areas sad emergency
-Institutional solid waste
wastes generated by educational.
health care, correctional and other insti-
tutional faculties.

means a material or product that has
served Its intended uee aad has teen dis-
carded for dhpos-l or recovery after
passing through the heads of a final con-
sumer.
cu> "Recoverable resources" mean-'
materials that still have useful physical.
chemical, or biologic?! properties after
serving their original purpose aad eaa.
therefore, be reused or recycled for the
Mine or other purposes.
(v> "Recovery" means the process of
obtaining materials or energy resources
from solid waste.
-Recycled material" means a ma-
terial that Is used In place of a primary.
raw or virgin material la manufacturing
a product.

ace
tivtoes of households. Including but not
limited to. food wastes, rubbish, uht;
and bulky wastes.
"Separate collection" means col-
lecting recyclable materials which have
been separated at the point of genera-
tion aad keeping those materials sepa-
rate from other collected solid waste in
separate compartments of a siugie col-
lection vehicle or through the u -Sludge" means the
laud semillqutd suspension of
solids deposited from wastewateil
other fluids la tanks or basins.
not include solid or dluolved mat
domestic sewage or other significani
lutaats la water resources, such
dissolved material la irrigation
flows or other common water i
"SoUd waste" m« ,.
refuse, sludge, aad other discarded ;
materials, including solid waste
rials resulting from industrial.
mercial. and agricultural
aad from community acttvit
does not include solids or dlssolv
tenals IB domestic sewage or ot
nlflcaat pollutants to water
such as silt, dlsceivcd or suspended k
In industrial waatewatcr eOuentsi
solved materials la Irrigation return
flows or other common water pollutant*.
Unless specifically noted otherwise, the
term "solid waste" as used in these guide-
lines shaU not include miaing, agricul-
tural, aad Industrial solid wastes; haz-
ardous wastes: sludges: conatrueu^a aad
demolition wastes; and infectious V
dls-

setting aside of recyclable
their pomt of generation by
erator.
•dd> ••Specification- means
and accurate description of
nlcal requiremeats tor mat
ucts or aerrlces. identifying
mum requirements tor quality
•tructloa ot matertala and
general, specifications are In
of written descriptions, drawings! prints.
commercial designations, industry staad-
ards. tad other descriptive ref e
(oat "Stationary compactor" Auems a
powered machine which is desikaed to
compact solid waste or recyciabl|s mate.
rtala, aad which
when In operation.
(ft» "Storage" meaaa the ! Interim
containment of solid waste after! genera-
tion aad prior to collection for ultimate
"VUgla material" means a raw
material used la manufacturing that has
been mined or harvested and has not as
1X1*400
114*400-1
High-grade paper .
facilities ot over 100 office
be separated at the source
tioa. separately collected, aad
purpose of recycling.
lSee.24ajoa.il
M tor the
1M
-------
SOURCE SEPARATION GUIDELINES
161
S-6J1
1183
I34A.200-3 R
Tbe recovery of high-gredt paper gen-
erated by office {acuities of leas than 100
office worker* should to tovetttgatod to
conformance with the following recom-
mended procedure* and unplemc
where feasible.
I24&3M-3
Market M»4r.
An investigation of markets should to
made by tbe organuauon responsible for
the sale of recyclable materials in each
Federal agency Mid should Include at a

Determining tbt price that tbe
buyer will pay for UM recovered paptr
and the wUltogsat of tbt bom to
a contract for purcha** of tbt paptr at a
guaranteed minimum price.

Uretief
Tbe precise method of separation
and collection used to implement *ft*
deck-top system will depend upon such
things a* the physical layout of tbe indi-
vidual fadltty. tbt ease of collection, and
tbe projected cost effectiveness of ut-

desk-top system to carried out to tbe fol-
io wing manner:
ti> Workers art to deposit high-grade
paptr toto a desk-top tray or other small
desk-top bower to to supplied by tbe
agency. Tbto bolder sbould to designed
in sucb a way as to prevent it holding
contaminant*, such at food or
containers.
ia» At tbe i
or when tbe tray to fUtad.tbe worker ear-

bulk «•"*»*•»> within the cose ana.
Tbto large container ibould to located to
an area tbe worker frequents to the nor-

<3> In locauontwhert computer cards
and printouts an to to collected
ratety, tbe receptacle for

to
residual solid wests have been estab-
lished, an analysis should be conducted
which compares tbe costs of the present
wast* collection and disposal system
with tbe proposed segregated system*.
At a minimum, the study thmiM include
all capital, operating and overhead cost*
and take toto account credit* for revenue
from paptr sale* and saving* from di-
verting recycled materials from disposal.
Potential costs to upgrade collection and
disposal practices to comply with CTA's
Guideline* for tbt storage and Collec-
tion of Residential. Commercial and In-
stitutional Solid Wattes i40 CPU Part
243) and Thermal Procesilng and Land
Disposal Guidelines (40 CPR Para 3-0
and 341) should to included to tbe anal-
ysis. In formulating a separation system
and evaluating it* costs, every effort
should to made to use Janitorial and
waste coueetien resource! efficiently.
This cost analysis should enable the
facility to determine tbe most cost effec-
tive method of Impltmtnting the require-
ment of this part.
13
tacillttst,Thto
of ca>
(b» all otbtr watte. Pacfflttlet that
ejuejBtlttee of wtwtt

Mparatmn Into a separate category east
effective may choose to Implement tbree
levels of separation: (1> computer
paper*. <3> oUier high-grade papers. <1»
all other wattes.

Jit
CoOeetion of tbe htgta-grade i

area sbould to performed by tbe Jani-
torial or general

OB JOttttttOttV wIDB IBB CaW*
Of CODOCttQB Of I
by
d (or
Formal bids should to requested for
purchase of tbe recovered materials, sucb
beat; solicited m eonfotmanet witn
established for tbe
Contracts sbould In-
quantity and transportation agreemesu.
a guarantee that tbe material will be
accepted for vm year or more, and 2
guaranteed —«-t-«—• purchase price.
or at a een-
tnttjed faculty tervtag several ^MHtngt
With tbett band-ptclonf systems, reey-
waste to not separated at tbe
System* designed to i
urados of office paper at tbe teunt of
generation, u.. tbe desk, an
top system, tbe two-wasiebesket t
and tbt office centralised container i
t to the usual i
Boved to a osottaltojed location wbere re*
cyclable paper to r**^?** ovt of **** "»<»"^
watte by band. Padttttet may cbooet to
use tbto method of high>grade paper re-
covery U it to shown by analysis to to
preferable to source i
A weD-organtotd and well-executed
public Information and education pro-
gram trplttfUnf tbt justification, goal*.
mtthmli and level of separation should
to conducted to Inform and motivate
oflct personnel and secure their coopera-
tion to separating their watte. This pub-
lic Information and education program
sbould precede tbt program and continue
on a regular basis for its duration.
«b> with tbe desk-top system, recycla-
ble paper to placed by the generator to
a container on hi* desk, while other watte
is placed to a wattebaakeV With tbe two-
wattetoeket system, recyclable paper to
placed by the generator to one detk-eide
wastebatket. and an other watte to placed
in another. In the cewtrauaa
system, large ron tamers for
Uon of recycle hits an plsnsrt to
trained location* within tbe omet anas
of the building. Nonreo^lBhlt^wBtte to

• c> Tbe rerom in ended system Is tbe

~...riw.i». recovery of high valut materi-
al in an economically feasiblt
While the two-wastebesket
centralised container system have
implemented with success to isosUod In-
stances, data Indicate that, on the whole.
these systeme nave experienced high lev-
cut of contamination, low toveto of par-
ticipation, and lo* revenues. Tbt desk-
top system bat toon designed to mini-
mile those problems.
Among tbe otttmattvet for i
ageareon^itebaltog.ttouttofi
aiy eompacton, or storage to corrugated

paper sbould to protected from nre, to-
| S4t>2*l-l
Separation of used newspaper* ai Uir
tcure* of rnHltn^-1 generation to con-
junction with separate collection chall be
earned out at all lacUlttea to which more
than MO families reside, and the news-
sold for the purpose or
Trantponation M market may to sup-
plied by tbe facfltty. by a private hauler.
or by tbe piirrnatsr Collection of tbe
recyclable paper sbould to on a regular.
da* ewaJyeii.
After potential markets nave been
l (but prior to Initiation of formal
ret), preliminary deter-
of various separation methods.
transportation costs have
tannage* of
heitttke.
Tbe rtcoverv of newsprint generated
by rtffHfiftftff! faclliOe* of less than 500
famlUes sbould to tovestitjated in con-
formance with tbe following recom-
mended procedures and implemented
where feasible.
114*401-3
.
both recoverable hlgh-gredt paper and
•erf mixed s*s»* »«T«r»-
In areas where markets are available.
it to recommended that glass, can*, and
mixed paptr to separated at the sourc?
IBM. 241201-31
t-tt-ea
Pgbl»ti«d by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC.. WASHINGTON. D.C. 2003?
197
-------
161:1114
FEDERAL REGULATIONS
of generation and separately collated
far the purpose of recycling.
$244.201-4 RcfomiitradH ^.^dnr^
Market Mady.
An Investigation of markets should be
made for each material by the organisa-
tion responsible for sale of recyclable
materials in each agency and should In-
clude at a *»H"**yvj*" •
Identifying potential purchasers
of the recovered matertal through stand-
ard market research techniques.
Directly contacting buyer* and
determining the buyers' quality specifica-
tions, potential transportation agree-
ments and any minimum quantity
criteria.
Determining the prices that the
buyer will pay for the recovered matertal
and the willingness of the buyer to sign
a contract for the purchase of the mate-
rial at guaranteed minimum prices.
| 246401-5 RMoe*a*en
collection.
Following separation within the home.
any of the following methods of collec-
tion may be used:
(a) Materials may be placed at the
curbatde by the resident and mar be
collected from each household
jeranua uudu or
vtnteles.
>t» Far multi-family dweUnss. sepa-
i-*i*d materials may be placed in bulk
containers located outside of the build-
ing and collected by trucks dispatched to
^'i-iect recyclables.
i c> Collection stations may be act up at
convertem location' ••> which residents
fcrini recrelables. Tl«5* stations should
provide separate bulk containers.for each
itsm to be recycled. The site and type of
container will depend on the volume and
type of material collected, the method of
tmnsromtion to be used In hauling the
materials to market and the frequency
<>i removal.
? 2YA.201-6 Rvrnnunended
TrmiuporuUwn to market.
TrameortaUon to market may be sup-
pUsd by the futility or the community
generating the waste, by a private
hauler, or by the purchaser.

S 246.101-7 R«en«mriNlv Identifying potential purchasers
of the recovered corrugated through
standard market research *f*«««TiT*
(b) Directly contacting buyers and de-
termining the buyers' quality specifica-
tions, potential transportation agree-
ments ""* any "•*"*»«"•• quantity cri-
teria.
(c> Determining the price that the
buyer will pay for the ieimeted corru-
gated and the willingness of the buyer
to sign a contract for purchase faf the
paper at a guaranteed minimum pnct.
| 246.202-4
Method*
If4CQglMMw*noCQ IMWC1 llit*Ct
•f separation umd
The method selected will depend
such variables as the physical lav tut
the individual generating facillC
rate st which the corrugated
late*, the storage capacity of the
and the projected cost-effeea
using the various methods. All of
lowing suggested modes of sepa;
and storage presuppose that the
gated boxes will be accumulated
central location In the facility af tet
contents are removed
are flattened.
Balers of various sises
boxes are placed in balers
ed into bales. These bales may be
Inside or outside of the facility
bales should be protected from
element weather, theft, and

-------
SOURCE SEPARATION GUIDELINES
S-ttt
181:1188
includ* ttw bujrtri quail* tpacifleatiom.
transportation aiftanaiita. a ruraatov
that tba material win bo tcctptad for
one war or awn and a fUsranlMd mini-
mum purchBM price.
UI
LOBS
U74. a p.
ttol pape
ti UBptaMBMttoB ffuM*. Bnrtroa-
rtotwam Pubueatioa aw-iM.
•C8 BBIIMW*. lac. Aauytta of ware* «p.
•HIM eoltocUM of racrcUbU wild *uu
1 346403

f 144.203-1
fReaw*.)
[246.203-1 removed by 47 FR 36603. Au-
SUM 20. 19*2]
, me. M p.
••nwu. r. Solid VMM ncrcllaf prejwt*-«
natiMwl dlnetorr. bvlrauMAUl Ptowc-
ttOD PlIbUMOW SW^B. WMUBftM. O*.
Oo*w.imtnc PMnuat OOC*. in>. 3M p.
Liatf*. 6. A. rmp*r Neyeliai IB tb* umwd
awiM. Wiihlnftnn 04. bvireamraui
ProiMtioa PubUe»uoB. Ai'futt 1874. U p.
Uocto. s. A. a*p*r»Ui>f papw M uw WMU
MNIIC* lor nerelUic. fnvuvamtnui Prone-
lion PuMtRMtra aW-IM. WaAlafUtt. OA
Oevonmtat PrMtiaf (MM. 1*74. If p.
omo* or aoiM w«u
Thirt rapon M
PtthllMttea aw-MeJ. 94. b-
i Praweuea Af»ocr. ut4. 10 p.
by MftUonal T«etinie«l Is-
atrrte*. aprlnffttld. Vlrftau. *•
eoltaetloa of raereUM*
. U4. Sa*a«aaHBtti Pro-
Mctioa Afmer. iim. (To bt «uw»but»tf
br ItatloBml Toehaleia tnrarv*«oa Stnnot.
SprtnfflvM. VttHBlB.)
XBC.
oolloetloa of
W *>PM
im. toa p.
MM f. HanMD. A unr In^k at
•t acparate i*fu>« eellcetloB.
Ml PratMtloo Punltemtua aw-ut. WMB-
IB»«OB. VM. (.tamrnoMB* Matlaf
Itm.tMp.
p*p»r Stack CvoMmuoB I
loe.
UD.
AmtnetB PMUT laMMM.
Tort. M«* Tori.
PfOMetioB Publication aw-Mej. tra. b-
rlronawBMI Premium AfMer, lt?4. UT
p. (OtotrtbuMd by NMtaooJ ToehaioM IB.
, Vttitalo, M
of
VM.
Bailth. P. L. An
POTM. W
PlOMCUOB
•X-

l*tl«BBWBMi
1074. |Y p.
Publl*hod by THE BUItftAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC.. WASHINGTON. B.C. 30037
199
-------
APPENDIX B

FEDERAL SUPPLY SERVICE BUREAU - GSA REGIONS
•Surplus Sales Program"
REGION 3
WASHINGTON, DC OFFICE

GSA District of Columbia; Montgomery
Supply Distribution Facility (3FBPS-W) and Prince Georges Counties in
6808 Loisdale Rd.. Bldg. A Maryland, Arlington. Fairfax,
Franconia, VA 22150 Loudoun, and Prince WMiam Counties
COM - (703) 557-7785 and Cities of Alexandria and Falls
FTS- 557-7785 Church in Virginia

REGION 1

GSA. Federal Supply Service Bureau Connecticut. Maine, Massachusetts.
Personal Property Services (2FBP-1) New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and
10 Causeway Street, 9th ROOT Vermont
Boston. MA 02222-1076
COM- (617)565-7316
FTS-565-7316

REGION 2

GSA. New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico
Supply Distribution Facllty (2FBP-S) and Virgin Islands
26 Federal Plaza. Room 20-116
New York. NY 10278
COM - (212) 264-2626
FTS -264-2626

REGION 3

GSA Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania.
Supply Distribution Facllty (3FBP-S) Virginia, and West Virginia (does
Ninth and Market Streets not Include Washington, DC
Philadelphia, PA 19107 Metropolitan Area - Region 3)
COM - (215) 597-5671
FTS - 597-5671

REGION 4

GSA, Supply Distribution Facllty Alabama. Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
75 Spring Street, SW Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Atlanta. GA 30303 Carolina, and Tennessee
COM -(404) 331 -0972
FTS -331 -0972
-------
REGION 5
GSA,
Supply Distribution Facilty (5FBP-S)
230 South DMrbom Street, 34th ROOT
Chicago, IL 60604
COM -(312) 353-6061
FTS -353-6060
GSA,
Supply Distribution Facilty (6FBP-S)
9001 State Une Road No. 308
Kansas City, MO 64114
COM - (616) 523-6855 or 7002
FTS-NONE
GSA,
Supply Distribution Facilty (7FPB-S)
819 Taylor Street
Fort Worth, TX 76102
COM - (817) 334-2351
FTS - 334-2351
GSA
Supply Distribution Facilty (8FPB-S)
Bulding 41. Denver Federal Center
Denver. CO 80225
COM - (303) 236-7705
FTS - 776-7705
GSA.
Supply Distribution Facilty (9FPB-S)
525 Market Street. 32nd ROOT
San Francisco. CA 94105
COM -(415) 974-0189
FTS-454-8189
GSA,
Supply Distribution Facllty (10FPB-S)
GSA Center
Auburn, WA 96002
COM -(206) 931 -7562
FTS -396-7572
Illinois. Indiana, Michigan
Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin
REGION 6
Iowa. Kansas, Missouri, and
Nebraska
REGION 7
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, and Texas
REGION 8
Colorado. Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming
REGION 9
Arizona. California, Hawaii,
Nevada, American Samoa. Commonwealth
of the Northern Marianas. Guam, and
Trust
REGION 10
Alaska. Idaho, Oregon, and
Washington
-------
APPENDIX C
WASTE COMPOSITION SAMPLING PROCEDURE
1. Separate a representative mixed waste sample
of about 50 Ibs. from a collection cart or stor-
age bin placing It In a container of known vol-
ume and weight.

2. Weigh the sample and estimate the volume
{cubic feet or yards). Example:
o Estimated volume of the sample - 2.5 cu. ft.
(0.09 cu. yd.).
o Gross sample weight 35.6 Ibs.
- container weight 1.0 Ibs.
Net sample weight 34.6 Ibs.
3. Compute density (lbs./cu. yd.) by dividing net
sample weight (Ibs.) by estimated sample vol-
ume (cu. yds.):
o 34.6 Ibs. + 0.09 cu. yrds. * 384 IbsVcu. yd.

4. OMde the sample into components listed In the
following waste generation and composition
tally sheet, placing each material In • cortu-
gated box or other container whose empty
weight has been recorded.
o Weigh each box separately and subtract the
container weight to obtain the net material
weight
o Compute the percentage of total weight rep-
resented by each material.

These four steps should be repeated several
times in order to develop valid density and com-
position averages.
Samnle Weight 34.6 Ibs Ih
Total
Paper
White ledger 13.9
Colored ledger 1.1

Computer printout 3.6
Newsprint 4.3
Corrugated 1.9
Books 0.6
Cardboard flea 0.8
Other mixed paper 3.2
Garbage 1.1

Metals and Glass 1.7

Textfes, Plastics
and Wood 0.4

Special 1.3

TOTAL 34lf
40.2
3.3

10.6
12.5
5.6
2.0
2.5
9.6
3.3

5.1
1.6

3.8

100.1
5. Once the average density and composition are
known, various conclusions can be drawn.
a. Multiplying the density by the cu. yd. disposed
of each month yields an estimate of total
monthly solid waste generation.
b. Using composition percentages, the total gen
eration can be broken down into individual
material groups to give an Indlcatioin of the
quantities of high-grade paper In the
wastestream.
Coapactor
Capacity
40 cu. yd.
SS4 Ibt./cu. yd

Typa of Mloh-
Grada Papar
uh(t« lartaar
Coaputar
Printout
Nuapor Eaattfad
Par Month
4
. * 140 cu. yd/aonth • 4

Total Uaata X o
Canaratfon a t
30.7 tern/an x
30.7 tona/ao x
X fell
Mian [apt (ad
100X
11,400 Iba./anntti or I

1 Papar In tha
laata atraaa •
40.2X •
10. tt •
Cu. Yd*./
Month
160
10.7 tona/annth.

Ganaratlon
of Paptr
12.3 tana/BB
3.2 tona/ae
-------
-------
APPENDIX D
PAPER GRADE DEFINITIONS
(42) Computer Printout: Consists of white sulphite or sulphate papers in forms
manufactured for use in data processing machines. This grade may contain colored
stripes and/or impact or non-impact (e.g., laser) computer printing, and may contain not
more than 5% of groundwood in the packing. All stock must be untreated and
uncoated.

Prohibitive materials None permitted
Total Outthrows may not exceed 2%

(40) Sorted White Ledger: Consists of printed or unprinted sheets, shavings,
guillotined books, quire waste, and cuttings of white sulphite or sulphate ledger, bond,
writing paper, and all other papers which have a similar fiber and filler content. Th s
grade must be free of treated, coated, padded, or heavily printed stock.
Prohibitive materials None permitted
Total Outthrows may not exceed 2%

(30) Hard White Shavings: Consists of baled shavings or sheets of all untreated white
bond ledger or writing papers. Must be free from printing and groundwood.

Prohibitive materials None permitted
Total Outthrows may not exceed 2%

(37) Manilla Tabulating Cards: Consists of manila-colored cards, predominantly
sulphite or sulphate, which have been manufactured for use in tabulating machines
This grade may contain manila-colored tabulating cards with tinted margins.

Prohibitive materials None permitted
Total Outthrows may not exceed 2%

OUTTHROWS
The term "Outthrows" as used throughout this Appendix is defined as 'all papers that are!
so manufactured or treated or are in such a form as to be unsuitable for consumption as
the grade specified.11
-------
APPENDIX D (continued)

PROHIBITIVE MATERIALS

The term "Prohibitive materials" as used throughout this Appendix is defined as:

• Any materials which by their presence in a packing of paper stock, in excess of
the amount allowed, will make the packaging unusable as the grade specified.
• Any materials that may be damaging to equipment

Note: The maximum quantity of "Outthrows1 indicated in connection with thefol-
lowing grade definitions is understood to be the TOTAL of "Outthrows" and
•Prohibitive Materials."

A material can be classified as an •Outthrow" in one grade and as a "Prohibitive
Material" in another grade. Carbon paper, for instance is "UNSUITABLE11 in
Mixed Paper and is, therefore, classified as an "OutthroW, whereas it is
•UNUSABLE1 in White Ledger and in this case classified as a "Prohibitive
Material."
-------
II
Ii
£f
86
S.0
«/>

O
3
ft r r r r r r r r r r r c
O O C ( I. ( ( ( f < ( . i * <
c c. c c (, (. c (, r c, c; (, c
( ( c c ( r r
( c r ( c c. (
( (-((era
t c < r ( r - r
r c
" r c r
f f r
,».«..
-------
u
< *
•r: w
2

* 10

a a

--
i * *i
8
s
to
is
o
II
if
-------
»fi
IIIPI
= O) y x «. x
O*> o
liip
g -fi o o _
• * 2 o Q. o
!* o - £-a fi
-i * c °

tfll.

isili
•5 ? P § o
JE J£ i g o

Illil-a
j£
•^ wf v

58^
Us
CM

i O

££
U m
o °

~, c
5ll
E?2t£
«
I
o ;

III! I
!l5
si i I o
u
tt
O

to
o

|£

o ^
u

li
15
;i
P

i
I-
£c
•D >.«
f
0
c
?Jf II!
Si
II
0)
6

B5
D>
^
5£
°S
«?
O fi
f?
J205
5fl

11!
•o 0 s
|| I

«sill
S£| °0

; s 1S11 a
|i|i!

1|yl

l fill

2 *
J£ O
u m

5°
5-0
•^ ® <0 SL 2

111^
o

5S
Illl! SflfimiUi-
£ O 5 g)J g

O n u> o ^ u
5|J g Jj
I a-SB o
•2 8 * c £
-------
;!& -rt

s sifdjj
O 8.B O O 5 S *

* 11:188?

if
fr5
£ zJifilft.
& «5l|S|gfe

s frf*8SH
o lips^^ss
i- |8|*«jS£
Ul
111

!
o
o

*{
i
o
"Si

II
ol
a "
!l I!
ill
'MS f
•fl 1-
I

lm
•JK &

_-h
fi

i
I
4-
-------
I
5
o«

8
U
<

o
[•*]
a.

O
3 y •»
U * S-
•>• ? 5
gts
g-5
^
tt
(A
CO
Ul

£
-C *

? II
\
\ \
\ \
-------

CM
-------
Ul
UJ
oc
o
Z

P
u
U
o
8
s
<

I
ui

® ^ X
CD U O
/\
v:
§^» Q. -r, _ 5
TJ -fc8^«O»» 2

llilf l!|llLLi|
«r^-So.-r>o-Ss»Ei:r-x«y
K

ofes?^ftlllifil^ili"
*i|
1 5
•f«2«S?l8
i||Il|!li
u
X
S
•PMV

?
^liisplpil
KEfKSlilfiS
-------

J3 .-* O
lll
Q Tf
•» £5 o

I o f 1 II
fc - ° 2 •
I
-2 "•
-------
i
tu

i
0.
X3
p-

I
a
Of.
2
3
9)

tL
-------
-------
ooooooooooooooooooooc
g
0)

I®
.&<
ui
a.
-------
IS Si

fsslllllll
*si
i"
* - o
$
EL 1
i
o
£
O
O

1
8
I
w c
fi
si
i& 2
s 0 c
I
I
-------
I 1
CD U
8
?«*& a s
£^8S *
iMI *J1
sslf sfl
IIP

IIP
w ^ f= o

pp
§>^i^ sisft&
r1* o £2

Ills?
I J2 I >.«
c o ^ o x
5 Q. E *-
• £ a-s 0
1'IBP
ig

fllsi
I
ET3 >.Z
|ll|

tjtS
•£ 5
.!«<
is
* JS W O
O t ? JJ
S O
O

O
O
I
i

I
(SI

CM
£
u
>.
tr
0)
c:
CO
fj

!k
f
u
s

I
I

Q>
I

oa
DC

i
it
-------

-
-

1
I
*
1
1 1
0

-
-
1
I
F
'j
£
1
!
.1
1

-
-

I
1
t
5
A
X
V
>
. '

1
I

z
I

i
I
-------
•
ORrvWIO
— o5
s Sf
•** T5 ^ •
y I!

i1
2 q>
(D ffi
Q. N-'
O c/»
c c
O
-------
I
i
$.
'Mil!!!'1"
°?pii;
o So^
asSII?
!i
u
as
«s
1U
1st!
a. Zi M T v
j

P
8
S
O
Jfl ,
S o
^i
'I-
il
-I8£?l
1 jP 5 g<
lli^i
«8?S^i^83
llb^62*-ai
•5
!l«
1?
1
s
*i

fill
|2|8
ll-'
if
H!
;ll

:i:
iflii!
!*H
i?
8
E:
I
III
5
i i
i! i
ill
«
I
illli! I:
i
'I
•ft K
oil
-------
•oU
si
t a
II
El
b io-oi o
sirtfi
Q..
-------
il
IU
$

I r1
1 S.I

I *«
"5
I
*
!;
S
5 if
O

«* e e
J-li

i**ail
££

11
&
ts
i £ a. ui i
•5
1
ii
ii
i *
£
'£
ts *=»

ft II
O T3 O- —
I
I
o

o
o
;iiPilH W^1
sitiifiypi 11.
iIillllIIIlL ]«
-------
-------
8
i fs 8
yj

1
II" II
I
s
55
1!
1!
I
to
! II 1! I
ll
i
»
p

°
3
IP
(53«'
||

i!
££***
O O ««?«
11
-------

1
Ul
u.
u.
e
o
52
1?
Q.
^c
d^
CO

n»n
^.%p

rator
«>
oyees
Admlnij
ny Name) Empl
oe, Regional
TI Q
*.
o c
(J) *V
— •-)

•• o

i
4
z
o
c
<
•"•
*J
•a
IT
i
u
u
41
K
-Jfi
~> 41
C >-
^ 0

**
t-"
•• W
U *^

? 8*
-"• <,&!:
TJ • » - "£ 0 --
C 0 ^ U -1 .- Q.
g *• • >, tf
O •*• V a-t -»
Q. _ • ., .. 3
i k* -- .. 3 d 0
.Issris
? iS.. S • •
• "• . V
a 1 IP - k. •
:;-''?!!
• v? .: St. !
rs " is i a

..:: c.?9..
08-2- a°
i • ,. ; ss
- 1 J5 S a S
a *" k t! K u a
- •" ! • 2 »
SS t, «- 5.
a ^ . = * ~ e-
U X 0 O O 0
r it si 1H
"ss0.;.?
f tl 8-1 " •
:>..;.£.:
f • .- - t

5 ^c^*^S 25
•5.?5.JSu2u
3 • S -i ..
:i. ts: |*

ang*» In your dftily habit.
p*p«r and conputai papar.
ontantt into tha central
tral cont«irt*rt will bo:
X * U C
u •- a
-si"
a.""!
• 0» * •».
*•> O O
o - >.o
:•" 0. 4>
o r a
.* *• — u
rst-
".:::S
-.S,.'- «
s §„ . £
a --* S
a c. K a u
S.2 !» 5
Si^S .. ,
aji s* &s§
•» < O O w C
-.I! US
-• » i a k »> 0
C 9 * * i-i
5 1 * " J e* X

— — o c £ ° "
..* C fc* X Q H
*- 3 a c u B g

a
»
•* i-l
• « a
-:•!
s : £
5 * s
k*
a «
a *- »
5SJ?
Jin
* 0
III
a -->
S£ S
5^1
rt orlontation to
ion» havo boon »cl
).30 AM, and 1:30
o • .-
£ tt
• a *>
o " i
•0*0
a c *^
*. *M *.•
««.>..«
O *• •

M
1
jj
«L
O
>a
..
'a
u
f
»)J
tr
o
*
•
•o
s
I
£
g»
W J
S. *"
u .?
-.1 «.4
!§

•>
o
u
l>
1
8
.-t
3
*.<
a
a
s
>
*
^
w
*•
8
Ai

«
U
0
u
4-
«
*

1
U
K
C
]
•J
o
*
?
*•"
J
S

•n
«
•»
K
5
£
S
41
U
*
V
C
0
u
o
•
ft

a
1
a
•
£
-V
4-t
Ir
rs
If
C b i
* 3
J-
§
o
i"
>• .•
C
~£

II
piif ?1 ShJ
Miii s;;i:;
iUil ^Is:!
— ^ S e 2 o *.) --I o
ssisE -i£3-j
|«-!«
».; S •
2 ; H

fll{
g g 0
» » C .-* '
C — -* .--i •
«•> 9 13 l-t
f 82lr
!",C*
Hi.,1
*•< H «A a-aj

2 a " 3 8
! J - U "
^ ••* O •»
::?»!
e £ a a ft
:::=!
..?"*• ^
-U*l
. Solid Haata:
i>*ar*aa of four
f*t*rbaga gata bu
'. alaralng rat*.
b« dlvartad thri
a u
m *
a
:i
**
ii
!!
• N
:!
*-• 4*
** g

SI
. s
* **
C V
; s

n
«M
*. V
!I
B>

ill
^i
«i
ti
i»i
i5 •
i"g
•* - a
:i:
:.:l
a o tx
lo U
Is •
Pi
. « "
• o
"* a ?
k.: •
?si
; ..
* aC 0
H

• o. S
«> M
2 TJ •
*11
e *.
Is.
v "> "a
V M
8:^
H!
sJ5
Ui
1
h
i
S.
H
o
«
ij
"S
ii
a-
o a
11
*» O
U -n
5 ;
c «
• f
s
II

0 0
a> u
>.!
O O
g&
i:
« K
*.!
^
.c
.*.,
.--I
§
*
a
... t.
it
as
H
H

?l
c -•

3 U
W 4t
U •*•
1 i
* i
a u
1
•»
"i
o
-H
*)
«a
O
4M
8-
.*...'.•..•••.••
-------
CO
UJ
8
O
-------
REFERENCES:
"N
•
y
II
y> *t
I:
£
2,
111
oSo
P
2s:
'«* -O »O .<
§1 ffS
^
III ill
ill
• & s.
a
^
I
|l^
i«a
112
S gS
5 P.
1^1
?|^
ts«
f«B
|||

^i'l
J»o|

p|l
2 «>
5
S33N3U3J3H
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL,
GROUPS
CD
UJ
5
O
O

iii
UJ
OS 6Po«SoW
VkMl«,POC:lMyGiM
PA.Oflto»
«,POC:lM
47S45IB

S10U1N03 Itf H3Q3d
-------
LAWS AND
REGULATIONS**
1

i
oc
O
O u. U
U
S33lddO 31SVM DUOS

. 31WS5HOI03H A
-------
INDUSTRY CONTACTS
£
8 i
I l
o
u

Si
-------
PUBLICATIONS*.
9
B
o
<
a.

u
o »
u o

II
I
o!
•kill
SWANOU3V
iistfM anas
-------
PUBLICATIONS^
1 ! i *
5i 2 0 5
5

1
o

SI
I
«g

° 3

P
X UJ
" o;
2
p-
2

I
I
S 8
II If
™* V
si I

ii s

i| I

!
-------
GLOSSARY
«- ™~r
o£ o o
IS**
lif
-------
;i:
!I
o
8
*> O
5 Sr
I
*
o
o
<
•*
-------
GLOSSARIfiT
s
*
o
S
i

i
-------
a
i
*
S
S
•o
o
€fi
5 t3
* »

51
01 J2
S'
£•
o>
fl
8J
EC;
|

»*
18
n
*&
g^
8?
S B
fi*
«!
O*
SSt*
§&**
111!

I1!!
flit
?ii«
i 1!
B?
*b
o e a
23,
>* ^ ^ V

$S °6
^ 2"
jit !
s
US
II
i I
K B
i K
5 5
|i ?
il I
V*
8

•I-
a

I
2

I
ig £
I! 1
III

?M
M 'i
iiii
"O S.

*i
Si
> a
6 £

| ° 5
oil
s
Is 1
o £ 6

5 #
•n M l

I 51J:
§ pi
* §6

I!-
E8:
i fi I!
5 8
-------
-------
-------
Program
-------
-------
f ^& «•
V»
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
OFFICE Ol
ADMINISTRATION
AND RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published various
documents covering the waste management crisis facing this country.
Developing A Comprehensive Federal Recycling Program is produced by
the Office of Administration and Resources Management primarily for
government agencies. The purpose of this document is to develop a
broader understanding of the term "recycling program". Recycling must
include education, collection, marketing, procurement, monitoring and
evaluation. This document stresses the importance of each of the activities
in establishing and maintaining an effective program.

While this is not a detailed operating manual, it does outline the
necessary steps for designing and implementing a comprehensive office
recycling program in a federal agency. Flexibility is a key factor when
designing a recycling program. A program that works for a large agency
located in or near a major city with good markets for recylables, may have
to be altered for a small agency located away from a major city.
Mandatory recycling laws, such as the one covering all commercial and
federal buildings in Washington, D. C, will also impact the scope,
priorities and timing of your program.

Finally, we wanted to share with you our experience and information
and to encourage you to get involved. Recycling is the "right thing to do"
if we are to conserve our natural resources and preserve our land for
future generations.

We have provided an Information Sheet at the back of this
publication. Please use it to let us know about your accomplishments. We
wish you every success in your recycling efforts.
Charles L. Gri
Assistant Administrator
-------
-------
DEVELOPING A COMPREHENSIVE FEDERAL OFF
RECYCLING PROGRAM:
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
CE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ................................................ 1

Overview .................................................. 3

Components .... ............................................ 5
Education ........................................... 5
Collection .......................................... 10
Marketing .......................................... 21
Procurement ......................................... 26
Monitoring and Evaluation ................................. 33

Implementation ............................................. 43
Phase 1 - Getting Started .................................. 43
Phase 2 • Program Development .............................. 47
Phase 3 - Maintaining Your Program ............................ 49 j

Appendix A
References ......................................... A-l

Appendix B
Information Contacts .................................... B-l

Appendix C
RCRA Procurement Guidelines ............................... C-l

Appendix D
Handling Requirements for Recyclable Materials

Appendix E
Waste Reduction
-------
-------
INTRODUCTION
i
Office Recycling - Why Should My Agency Get Involved?

Through the early 1980s, solid waste management programs in the United States relied heavily on
traditional waste disposal methods such as landfills and, to some extent, incineration. As a consequence,
the environment and the economy were affected by contamination from under-designed and poorly
located landfills and by losses of valuable land and material resources. Early conservation and recycling
regulations written in the 1970*5 and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) amendments
of 1984 called for a new direction in managing solid and hazardous waste including source reduction,
resource conservation, and recycling. However, national attention has been focused on the more
threatening hazardous waste management issues. Intensified problems with managing solid waste ha' tc re-
focused the nation's attention on the importance of waste minimization, recycling and conservation .
Government leaders and representatives from all sectors of our society have come to realize that success in
protecting the environment requires not only sound management of wastes and pollutants, but also an
absolute reduction in the amount of waste generated.

Recycling, therefore, has moved to the forefront as an environmentally protective, technically \
feasible, cost-effective approach to solid waste management In 1989. the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) published its "Agenda for Action," a plan for addressing the nation's waste management
issues. The plan was produced with the help of a consortium of leaders representing state agencies, local
governments, industry, other Federal agencies, and environmental organizations. Waste reduction and
recycling are two of the top priorities in the plan. This plan calls for at least a 25% reduction by 1992 in
the volume of solid waste currently disposed in landfills by enhanced source reduction and recycling
efforts. i

There is a groundswell of recycling activity at the grassroots level, evident by the formation oi
numerous voluntary programs and a push to make recycling the public policy. By the end of 1989, at least
38 states and hundreds of local governments had enacted recycling laws. Furthermore, federal agenc; i
offices located in some of these states and local jurisdictions, such as those in the District of Columbi i,
must comply with the recycling ordinances of those jurisdictions.

Because office recycling is recognized as an important opportunity for furthering waste redact ion
aims, the Federal government increasingly has taken steps to set up and facilitate recycling programs i|n its
offices nationwide. Various agencies have initiated recycling programs and formed intcragency
committees to promote recycling activities. For example, EPA, the General Services Administration
(GSA), the Department of the Interior (DOI). the Department of Energy (DOE), and the Government
Printing Office (GPO) have shared information and jointly designed procedures to promote recycling
achievements. This handbook was prepared by the EPA Office of Administration and Resources
Management, Facilities Management and Services Division, as a continuation of these efforts.

Other EPA agency offices have produced materials focusing on specific aspects of recycling. The
EPA Office of Solid Waste (OSW), for example, recently updated its implementation manual on recycling
high-grade office paper. The OSW manual provides extensive technical and programmatic detail on i igh
grade office paper recycling. Because much of the information can be adapted to organizing a
comprehensive office recycling program, you will find direct references to the manual in this handbo >k.
Furthermore, Appendix A lists additional reference materials available through pdier Federal, State and
local agencies, and private organizations. Appendix B lists contacts for recycling information.
II
-------
How Can This Handbook Help Me Design And Implement A Comprehensive Office
Recycling Program?

This handbook is designed to help you:

• Identify die basic recycling program ; omponents necessary for a comprehensive office
nx -cling program.

• Understand the factors to consider when putting program components into place.

• Develop a step-by-step plan for designing and implementing a comprehensive office
recycling program in your agency.

A key aspect of this handbook is its emphasis on flexibility and being able to adapt to
changing conditions. The technology and procedures for recycling are still in the
developmental stage.

The content of this handbook includes:

• An Overview of the basic components of a comprehensive office recycling program,
and the procedural steps involved in program design and implementation.

• Detailed Program Components, including a definition, design options, special factors
to consider when designing the component, people who should be involved in designing
and implementing the component, tips on how to design and implement the component.

• Implementation Suggestions, which include procedural steps for designing and
implementing the entire program.

Where appropriate, the handbook uses a question and answer format to guide you through the pertinent
information.

SUGGESTION:
\
If you are responsible for designing and implementing a
comprehensive office recycling program at your agency, you may find it
useful to read the entire handbook sequentially. If, on the other hand,
your agency's program is already operating, individual chapters may
provide you with ideas for fine-tuning your program.
-------
OVERVIEW
MONITORING &
EVALUATION
What Is A Comprehensive Office Recycling Program?

A comprehensive recycling program consists of five basic, interrelated components:

• Education : Agency staff are prepared for the initiation of the recycling program,
encouraged to participate, informed of program achievements, and asked for ideas on
improving the program or broadcasting information.

Collection: Recyclable materials are separated, gathered, and stored for transport fro|n
your agency.

Marketing: Contracts to sell the recyclable material are identified and secured.

• Procurement: Contracts to buy agency supplies made from recycled materials arc
identified and secured. External procurement by State and local agencies using Federal
funds, or by Federal agency contractors are monitored.

• Monitoring and Evaluation: Each facet of the program is surveyed, measured, anil
then rated to assess efficiency and progress, enabling agency leaders and staff to see
program strengths, accomplishments, and weaknesses.

Each component is essential to a comprehensive recycling program but must be custom-tailored to your
agency's unique characteristics and needs.
-------
Why Are All Of The Components Important?

Education is crucial to initiate and support a behavioral change. Research demonstrates that
people tend to change behavior when it is clear how the change serves our best interest or that of our
children, and when new behaviors are easy to adopt An ongoing education component of your recycling
program provides this needed information. Without a strong educational component, your recycling
effort will be invisible, participation in it will be weak, and the
progr
will suffer or fail.
Collection is necessary to remove recyclable materials from the waste stream.

Marketing returns die recyclable materials to the economy where they become raw materials for
new products or alternative products.

Procurement distinguishes recycling programs from collection programs. As the component that
completes the recycling loop, procurement builds demand for the recyclable materials you collect Failure
to procure recycled nr«*riak eventually leads to a collapse of the system because of over supply. Many
areas of the U.S. currently are experiencing a severe weakening of the newsprint market due to over
supply.

Monitoring and Evaluation keeps the program on track. By assessing where you are, where
you want to go, and how you will measure your progress, and then performing regular checks, you can
keep your recycling program attuned to your agency s needs, market conditions, and program objectives.
Who Is Responsible For Designing And Implementing A Comprehensive Office
Recycling Program?

Recycling is a multi-faceted effort involving the agency's top managers, building management
staff, program managers, procurement staff, public information specialists, volunteers — in short — youi
entire agency and die contractors who support your efforts.

To design and implement a program that to your agency and receives the support necessary for
success, strong ultra-agency cooperation is needed, Many agencies have launched successful recycling
programs based on the strength of volunteer commitment Most recycling program representatives report,
however, that dedicating at least pan-time staff to the effort pays high dividends in terms of the time and
effort saved in launching and maintaining a program. In particular, agency representatives stress the
importance of a recycling coordinator who can help organize a recycling committee and direct
personnel in performing the many individual functions that comprise recycling program components.
-------
COMPONENTS
EDUCATION
What is education?
What education options exist?
What factors should I consider in designing my
agency's education component?
Who is responsible for designing and implementing
my agency's education component?
How do I design and implement my agency's
education component?
EDUCATION
COLLECTION
PROCUREMENT
MARKETING
MONITORING &
EVALUATION
What Is Education?
Education for your agency's recycling program is a planned, ongoing, and multi•faceted
information exchange that involves agency-wide staff, recycling and other agency program
leaders, and top managers within your agency.
A planned effort is important because it enables you to take stock of the:
• Awareness and commitment your agency staff have regarding recycling.
• Information needed throughout the agency to encourage staff participation.
• Audiences existing within your agency.
• Messages and channels you can use to reach those audiences.
The time spent planning who you want to reach, and how, will pay off in an educational effort that
encourages participation, promotes the success of your recycling programs and builds satisfaction in he
agency.
Experienced recycling coordinators stress that an ongoing educational program is a must; that it
simply will not be sufficient to broadcast information about recycling once or even infrequently.
Once you have interested your co-workers in recycling, you need to maintain their interest by
designing a multi-faceted educational program. From memps to recycling events and awareness wjceks,
you can plan a variety of techniques that pay off with recycling participation and create a positive
environment and esprit de corps in the agency.
-------
Finally, agency-wide involvement in designing and implementing your educational program is
as important as agency-wide involvement in recycling itself. As you plan your educational efforts, consult
people from all sectors of the agency. They an important in shaping the type of information you need to
convey. Equally important, eveiyone from your agency's top executive to entry-level staff should bring j
visibility to your agency's recycling program. And don't forget to include recycling in your new employe^
orientation, it's important to get new employees ir volved in the program immediately. EPA has prepared a
brochure on recycling in the agency that is distributed to all of its new employees, which enables education
to begin on an employee's first-day on the job.
EDUCATION:
Interacting with agency staff to organize and convey information on
recycling:
MKVCUM
PROGRAM
INCTRUCT10M
What Education Options Exist?

The Chart on the following page illustrates a variety of educational techniques and their
applications according to various agency characteristics.
-------
TOOLS FOR MOBILIZING STAFF SUPPORT THROUGH EDUCATION
4 TECHNIQUE ^
Mamos
Display, Charts,
Graphs. Facility
Model ExamplM
Flyer*
Demonstrations
Show and Tall
Instructional
Matsitais:
Handbook,
Cards
Postars
Agency
Newsletters
PA
Announcement^
Buttons/ Bimiper
Stickers/
Banners
Special Events:
Kick-off, Talent
Show, Awards
Ceremonies,
Awareness Weak
MuRMiMdia
Shows
Speeches
Conferences/
Trade Shows
i ^(BNEFITS 1 (TRADEOFFS | .
Reflects agency policy; can reach
every employee inexpensively
Creates interest; pictures and
words strengthens information
conveyance; can be transported;
offers range of cost
Attention-getting; quickly
distributed for announcements;
pictures and words informative
High powered for interest
enables exchange of information
Staff can refer to repeatedly;
equips employees to participate
and to train others to participate
Good attention-getters; high
creative potential
Can convey detailed explanation
that can be referred to
repeatedly; illustrates program
legitimacy
Adds diversity; good
attention-getter
Good to gain/illustrate program
participation; promotes good spirit
Promotes good spirit; promotes fun
Creates high interest; can impart
detailed information
Good to demonstrate management
support, foster participation
Excellent source of ideas;
information exchange
Good initial/supplemental commun-
ication; NOTE: insufficient motivators
as sole communication tool
Attention-holders for limited time
periods, depending on style, content;
should be circulated around
facility/agency
Good opportunity to obtain feed-
back on program
Lends credibility to program; varied
messages can be conveyed in
regular publication
Voice feature plus other tech-
niques stimulates interest
Helps program visibility and pos-
itive image
Good capability for creating in-
terest, involving agency-wide
support, attracting volunteers,
promoting recycling, and convey-
ing wide range of information
Provide capability tor wide dis-
tribution
Strong leadership and effective
speaking can invigorate the prog-
ram

I TIMING
Major
Milestones
2weekspric
start and
periodically
2weekspn(
start and
periodically
Periodically
2weekspri
start and
periodically
Start*
Achievemer
2 months pr
to start and
monthly
Z weeks pnc
start and
periodically
^

xtc
>rt<
>rtc
its
tor
ric
1 month prior to
start and
ongoing
Start and
periodically
Stan and
periodically
Major
Milestones
i

Early and
as Needed
-------
What Factors Should I Consider in Designing And Implementing My Agency's
Education Component?

Consider the awareness and commitment to recycling that exists among staff and managers in your
agency. Their attitude and involvement plays a crucial role in helping you decide the educational approach
your agency will take in promoting recycling.

For example, if your recycling organizers and top managers agree, that the agency's goal will be to
show leadership in recycling efforts by recycling the majority of materials in the waste stream, this implies
certain educational messages. Agency values implicit in these objectives are pride of leadership, ambitious
effort, and environmental conservation. If your agency is small, efforts to rally staff participation around
these values can include frequent small gatherings for demonstrations, activities, or audio-visual
presentations on recycling. Having to- management behind your recycling efforts, can mean that your
agency director contributes regularly u or is an active spokesperson for agency recycling efforts.
A small office also might link recycling efforts with other offices or departments. This would
imply ongoing communication with staff and program leaders in these agencies to develop appropriate
messages regarding the recycling program, including status reports on the project The following chart
provides additional examples of how various factors can shape your recycling program's educational
component
FACTOR:
IMPACT ON EDUCATION SYSTEM DESIGN:
Program Objtctivtt:

Expand agency's marginal,
voluntary recycling program to
full-fledged agency-wide
Initiate development of multi-faceted
communication strategy identifying opinion leaders
throughout agency and current impediments to
recycling popularity
Aftmey Ckancuristies:

20 story urban headquarter?
office with ten regional facilities
of 40-50 staff members
Organize headquarters recycling committee; establish
contacts in each regional office; prepare agency-wide
news article announcing plans to expand recycling.
and explaining recycling concepts
Commitment to RteycUng:

Motivate core group and top
agency director, otherwise you
will have unfamiliarity win
recycling concept
Engage agency director to meet with recycling
prognnt leadeis at headquarters and in each
region; broadcast director's position on recycling;
discuss recycling education concepts with
program directors and staff throughout agency
-------
Who Is Responsible for Designing And Implementing My Agency's Education
Component? j

Regardless of the size of your agency, you will have diversity among your staff and probah ly
among the programs handled by the agency. In order to reflect that diversity, it is best for more than one
person to work on education. Three to seven people can best stimulate creativity, enable good outreach
within the agency, and divide up the responsibilities. When you set up your recycling program :
organization, select people who are interested and who will plan to devote regular time to the recycling
effort Developing ongoing communication and good rapport with people throughout this network from
the stan will lay invaluable groundwork for your recycling committee's ongoing efforts. Your education
subcommittee can benefit if you: I
• Involve as many employees as possible. This not only will ensure diversity
what and how you tell employees about recycling, it will catalyze agency-wide support and
participation in your program.

• Stress volunteerism. Use periodic recruiting campaigns to enlist volunteers and even
more importantly, publicize the contributions to recycling achievements made by
volunteers.

Recycling is, in a real sense, an activity that appropriately involves your entire agency, therefore your
educational activities should have the broadest outreach possible.
How Do I Design And Implement My Agency's Education Component?

To design and implement your educational program, you will need some basic and importan
which best can be nought of in terms of:
Who - should relay and receive information? One of the recycling committee's
first responsibilities will be to develop a network of communication by identifying:
tools
The formal and informal communication paths within the agency, for example, die
agency's organizational structure, o
procedures for distributing memos.
agency's organizational structure, ongoing staff meetings, newsletters, or
s for
Key contact personnel such as the agency's top managers, information office
staff,
program directors, facilities service directors, waste management staff, grantjs
administration, and procurement staff.

Various audiences within the agency, for example, program divisions, technical
staff, administrative staff, support services staff, clubs or social organizations
within the agency.

What - needs to be said about recycling? This is where your education
subcommittee or staff analyzes your agency's overall and specific objectives, the statjus of
your recycling program, needs that staff can fill to help the program succeed, and the
agency audiences. This analysis tells you what messages to convey.
-------
How to best spread the word? The education techniques chart presents a variety of
communication techniques or channels. Your education committee or staff, no
doubt, will create many more which fit your agency. Deciding upon your techniques will
involve a bit of research to determine:

Available funding for education
Scheduling requirements for broadcasting information or planning events.

Procedures necessary to produce and coordinate multi-media events.

* When - should you schedule your educational activities? The educational
campaign for your recycling program needs to begin well in advance of your first collection
day. The education subcommittee should begin its work at the start of your recycling
program effort One of the first activities should be to let the agency know that the
recycling project is under way and that it is backed by the agency's top management With
respect to procurement, schedule recycling orientation sessions with procurement staff weU
in advance of die commencement of the fiscal year when your grants and contract schedules
will be determined.

The "why" of your tool kit already has been established by your agency's commitment to recycling.
Working with the rest of these took should help your staff set realistic goals and effectively focus their
efforts.

In addition, you may find a few rules of thumb useful in designing your agency's educational
program. For example:

* Strike a balance between programmed educational events and spontaneity.
If you establish a pattern of agency reporting (for example keeping employees abreast of
recycling progress via a monthly newsletter or by giving quarterly briefings to upper
management). Also hold special events such as an awards program or celebration of an
achieved milestone, or on-the-spot cash awards, you will show that the program is
established within the agency, and help keep interest alive.

• Stress the positive. Until recycling becomes the way of life in our society, initiating a
recycling program involves converting people's behavior and this requires regular
encouragement Your educational program can help by focusing on the efforts people
make, celebrating the gains that are nude, and incorporating humor in your events and
promotional materials whenever possible. Elevate the potential for fun and creativity! It
will rejuvenate the whole program.

• Make recycling convenient Keep emphasizing that it is just as easy to throw
materials into a recycling container as it is a trash can. This will help make it easier to
change employee's habits.

• Reflect the diversity of your agency staff. In addition to making use of a variety
of educational techniques, such as those presented in this handbook, you can build interest
and involvement in recycling by learning about the employees in the agency and the work
they perform. Target your information to their agency interests.

• Have fun! You will find that, by and large, employees WANT to recycle. This fact, and
the active, participatory nature of the effort lend themselves to spirited innovative
educational activities. Don't hold back on the opportunity to create and to enjoy the whole
process.
10
-------
COLLECTION
What is collection?
What collection options exist?
What factors should I consider in designin
my agency's collection component?
Who is responsible for designing and
COLLECTION
EDUCATION
implementing my agency's
component?
How do I design and implement my
agency's collection component?
PROCUREMENT
MARKETING
MONITORING &
EVALUATION
What Is Collection?
Collection, defined in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40. Part 246, is "the act of removing
solid waste (or materials which have been separated for the purpose of recycling) from a central storage
point."
Within the context of an office recycling program, collection involves several steps:
• Separating recyclable materials
• Depositing separated materials at collection points
Transferring separated materials from collection points to designated
storage bins
Pickup by hauler and/or recycling company for transport to processing
facility
The efforts of numerous people and organizations must be integrated, including:
• Managers
• Employees
• Health & Safety officers
• Contractors for building services
• Haulers.
11
-------
Collection: Gathering designated recyclable and moving to storage areas over
systematic routes:
What Collection System Options Exist?
Your agency's collection options will vary based on four decisions:
* What you choose to collect
* Which transfer system is used, including where containers are located
* Who moves die collected materials to the storage area
• What storage space and handling equipment are available.
Government agency and private sector organization recycling programs typically use one of a few basic
methods ID move materials from the individual to office collection points. These include the :
Desk-top system where the user places recyclable paper in a container on the desk and
discards non-recyclable waste in a waste basket
* Two-waste basket system where one basket is used for recyclable paper and the second
for discarding waste.
As either of these individual office units become full, each employee or a custodian deposits the materials
in appropriate central collection containers. As a variation to the options above, vendors may offer
services which enable mixed recyclables to be collectively stored for dealer pick-up and transported to
processing centers.
12
-------
Centralized office containers accommodate a wide variety of office recyclablcs including
paper, glass, and aluminum. Central collection containers are clearly identified bins, located in copy
rooms or within individual office bay areas serving 15 to 25 persons.

Other central location options for materials such as glass or aluminum include large containc rs
(often called "igloos") located outside of the building, or containers located in lunchrooms or adjaci :m to
employee travel paths. You can expand this central container concept to collect newspapers or com gated
cardboard. Custodians or building management staff, or in some cases outside contractors, move toe
materials from the centralized containers to bulk storage areas. The main storage area should be organized
to minimize the accidental mixing of trash with segregated recyclables. Ask your building manager and/or
the recycling vendor to help you select your main storage site. Keep in mind the following points when
selecting your site:

* Is it large enough?
Can the site be locked?
• Is the site protected with sprinklers?
• Is mere a freight elevator easily accessible?

The following exhibit illustrates commonly grouped collection systems for five specific recyclable
materials. The systems include transport for specific materials, personnel who perform the transport
function, and container locations. For in-depth information about paper collection containers and tn nsport
equipment you can refer to the EPA Office of Solid Waste Paper Recycling Handbook (copyright 1< '77,
reissued 1990) referred to in the introduction.
13
-------
-------
What Factors Should I Consider In Designing My Agency's Collection Component?

When designing and implementing your collection component, it is important to consider the
number of employees and facility ownership. For example:

• The Number of employees affects die quantity of waste materials generated fo •
disposal or recycling. The quantity in turn influences the kind of collection system you will
employ. A sizeable agency office of several hundreds employees will have paper
recyclables in the range of several tons per week in contrast to an office with less tf an 100
people where it may take a few weeks to accumulate such quantities of material. I .arger
offices may be scheduled for weekly pick-ups, smaller offices biweekly or monthly.

• Whether your agency or another agency owns your facility can influence how
you design the flow pattern and staffing for your collection system. Typically, your
agency will have greater leeway to select locations for collection containers, and assign
staff with collection duties if the building is yours. If your agency is a tenant, these!
decisions must be negotiated with the building owner and managers.

In addition, program objectives and agency commitment are factors that play a part in desij ;n
decisions, for example:

• If your agency objective is to recycle a high percentage of three major volume mater ials, if
you are a large agency and if your leadership and staff demonstrate an interest in recycling,
you may design a decentralized collection system that relies on strong employee
involvement and organization. Change one of the factors, and you may alter the design of
your collection system.

• If your agency is not aware of recycling and therefore the commitment to recycling ip
weak, it may be better to select only one material for recycling in order to get your ptogram
underway. Other materials can be added to your collection program on a phascd-in basis as
resources, time and experience permit.
The chan presented on the next page indicates examples of major factors and potential unpack
collection system design.
on
15
-------
FACTOR:
IMPACT ON COLLECTION SYSTEM
DESIGN:
Program Objectives:
Type and number of
materials to be collected

Amount to be collected

Proposed extent of
Mrtkmation
I JWlMf
Number, type, and location of collection

Number of employees involved in process,
waste stream composition
employed, convenience
of tnnsfer system
Agency Characteristics:

Size of facility

Number of employees

Facility ownership
Volume of materials, cost-effectiveness of
prognm

Collection schedule, type of transfer system
Commitment u Recycling:

• Degree of management
support

Extent of resources
Participation mandate, unity of effort

Development approach, implementation
16
-------
Who Is Responsible For Designing And Implementing My Agency's Collection
Component?

Collection system design involves a detailed series of procedures and sequential steps that lequire
personal oversight, problem-solving and schedule adjustments. To ensure successful collection,
program coordinator must:

• Supervise education of staffs

• Supervise data gathering

• Arrange pick-up schedules

• Secure storage areas for collected materials.

In addition, the coordinator must meet with custodial supervisors in all buildings to explain the opt ration
and to gain their support

Consider these points when deciding who can best consolidate your recyclables most efficiently
and transport them from the central containers to the main storage area: |
i
• How many custodians service your building?

* Are the custodians in-house, contract, or union?

• Is mere a daytime shift and a nighttime shift? If so, which crew could best handle tiie
***^»tftf%l«jl«ltmf^mt «4*«*Ij»«i*) '
consolidation duties?
Most office
office paper recycling programs work best when integrated with existing janitorial operations'. Many
agencies add the responsibility of picking up the recyclable material into the janitorial contract whep it is up
for renewal.

If custodians are not involved in the collection of the recyclable materials, make sure that they are
informed about the program so that they don't accidentally mix the recyclables in with the trash ana throw
them away.

How Do I Design And Implement My Agency's Collection Component?

Designing the collection component requires answering basic questions about:

Which type of equipment and flow path, and what kind of contract support are most
convenient for your agency.

• Types of waste materials that make up your agency's waste stream and manner in which
these waste nmt^iau currently are discarded.
The contract(s) for space and services currently in place and whether they meet your
anticipated program needs.

Types of collection containers to be used and where to locate them.
17
-------
» Suitable locations for collection containers
* Suitable area(s) to use as loading dock or central transfer points
• Handling requirements for the materials your agency will recycle (See Appendix D)
* Secured offices
Based on your research findings, you are equipped to take the following steps:
• Secure clearances with the appropriate building and/or management staff to
use space for collection areas
* Select and procure collection containers
• Place collection containers in designated areas
* Collect recyclable materials
* Transport materials to the loading dock or centralized collection point for
dealer pick-up
• Weigh and record your recyclables and
• Collect payment for the recyclables from the dealer.
Remember that the collection component of your recycling program needs to be integrated with the other
program components. Planning and launching the collection activity, therefore, should be done in concert
with the marketing, procurement, education, and monitoring and evaluation activities. Lessons learned
from other agencies and a waste stream analysis sample sheet are provided on the following pages to assist
your planning process.
18
-------
Summary of Lessons Learned From Various Agencies
•Collection

•Whan considering who wfll coOoct and tampan recyclabke through the fffftf^imi system, keep is BUM! three general
the trnilmjtiuu wfll be carried ont by staff members* oontxajcied out* or assigned to new
thU COUoCtiOB purpose, A« JMM «m««tor Mining up f«> jvJUrrin* amimiA.. tK« «*.w~*^.£ y~» «t.ff .!««« .k> .~y/.l^|
piugiam and naming them in the ipnrifif taaks relating » the roUtmian pocMi will fa your {•ugimi off to » ttong tun.
I
- Yaw ooQecaoo comiincn ihouU be coniimiiB in ityle md color, ud cieufy labeled with lira of •ccepubty md
uuccepubk itenu. Alto poet the tin mem each oonuioer loutigs. Be me to we cinr lymboU aid multi-fiafutl Ui dint
whacva-youhmpenaanel.nde^ecialty oaUectkn mff wfaaec {nraay bnfiufe it Mt Enflich. QKMM yav cent inen
for dunbility. nd if ibeyve the dcik-tapvaety mike Hue they requite ibe lean anouai of your de»k «p«x. YouaJi^
find oonttiaen that your coUection tuff cm handle nafy

. Tf yrnir «f»^y AM« not [«»M»^g ann
a neighboring agency to join wife yon and it is quite possible
wig generate enough recyclabk material a? start a program. Consolidated Adminiimiinn Support Unit (CA5UX tpnuorWi by
the General Services AdmmiMration (GSA) an the administrative mechaniams by which yon and oner agencies can pool
effects. Combined volumes may attract more buyer*. •
-At the other extreme, some recycling program* have had problems beesuae the voiiaw of malarial to be processed hat
seriously underestimated. This may sound like a problem everyone would Eke u have but the ensuing problems jmay
permanently damage the pmgiain. Very quickly after the beginning of the collection operation, the program may be
overwhelmed with the quantity of material and unable to cope widi the continuing stream of material coming in from the
agency.

• Storage
for materialft abeady on hand ia
• A convenient loading dock, readfly acceuibk u large trucki u important; it ihould provide protection from mclejment
weather. If ipace it unavailabk near loading dock* your agency1* recyclable material* nay be ttored m central container*
(convenient 10 freight elawHOfi) loctted m temporary Morage ara« w mndoon m large bulk eonlainen protected fornthe
• Asking manager* of casting recycling operation* in tbeunt^bc^btKUfti^tvtecmi^pnaicoaiyfxtt^infe

• Transport

- The inability to move material from central mltorrinn spaces to <<**itr**Ml dealer pick-op location* can came a seriouc
ditnmtionm the Ttcycimg operation. Yen may watt to consider bsck-m>tranipan equipment

- in designing a recycling matnriah flow path be sure to allow sufficient aisle room for easy and efficient movement of
transport equipment, m addition your oaDactioo schedule should not d^snn^ yov staffs o^ office nxitine, nor should it
lessen employee praductiviry.

•• Processing :>,,.,..,,,,.....,,;,,,,..,..:,.,. .,..,,: •.-,„ •,... . -.
• Pnxes«ing«c)>clanle«i»parkag^< cleaning, or orgtnianguV
Before dajgning your collection system, cheek wila flnaa mat boy your type of recyckblei to
i any prooes*tng»qum9iiiertt> that may affect yoor apace, flow patten*, or schedules.
UaenUntfoimationonmaiiKuaadonpranvematt purchasing is available n various trao^publkanora. Also ask yo^r area
Tiding deaien what coBlamen they wfflsmmly w pan of a m^cetmg contract. GSA can auppfy indivkiual oont
central comaiMn walh ft fid and alb in Be top to Federal agencies through the Catalog and the Customer Ssppiy Center in
Wasamgion. DC. GSA is menacing Ae availabaky of theae supplia nationwide.

19
-------
PERFORMING A WASTE STREAM ANALYSIS

Performing a waste stream analysis is the first key step in clarifying the basic needs and goals of your recycling
program. Such an analysis isanm-depthlookatthewastematerialsyouragencycurrentlydiscards. Themajom>
of office waste stream analyses reviewed demonstrated that 90 percent of the typical office waste stream is com-
posed of paperproducts (e.g., white paper, computer paper). Obtaining an estimate of the percentage of materials
that can be diverted from your waste establishes a baseline for program design and future monitoring and evalu-
ation. Following are suggested options for conducting your waste stream analysts and a sample waste stream
analysis worksheet:
• Assume generation rates based on general statistics (see [b] and [g] below).

* Work with a materials recycling company to obtain estimates based on:

Number of employees
General review of facilities operation

• Conduct a one-to-two week study of the office waste actually discarded in your agency.

When you have the facts about your agency's waste composition, you are better able to implement the collection
system and to manage recyclable materials.

SAMPLE WASTE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
A. Total Refuse Generation:
(No. Employees)
[b] 1-SS Ibs.
(IbsVemployee/day)
[c]
Jbs
(Trash/day)
[d] 20 davs ./• [e] 2.000 tbs. = [f]
(Work days/mo.) (Lbs./ton)
Tons
a
B. Recyclable Paper Generation:

[g] .51 Ibs. s
(paper/empl/day)
(Mo.)
Jbs.
[h]
(Recyclable paper/day)
X [dj 20 davs
•/• [el 2.000 Ibs. = [j] Tons
(Recyclable paper/Mo)
X [k] 65% (example*
(participation rate)
[II
tons
(Recycled paper/mo.)
In general, for a standard office paper recycling program, five hundred to one thousand
pounds of high-grade paper is the minimum amount required for pickup. The average office worker
throws away at least a half-pound of high-grade recyclable paper each day. Agencies with fifty or
more employees should generate enough paper to set up a workable program.
20
-------
MARKETING
EDUCATION
COLLECTI
• What is marketing?
• What marketing options exist?
• What factors should I consider in designing and
implementing my agency's marketing component?
• Who is responsible for designing and implementing
my agency's marketing component?
• How do I design and implement my agency's
marketing component?
MARKETING
PROCUREMENT
MONITORING &
EVALUATION
in
What Is Marketing?

Marketing is finding purchasers for your agency's recyclable materials so they can be reus
manufacturing new products. In most cases, you will need to market different types of recyclable
materials to different vendors. The key components used to describe the marketing effort include:

• Identifying and contracting with a vendor or broker of recycled materials.

• Arranging for regular pick-up of the recycled materials from your agency by the vendor.

• Ensuring that the materials are collected, separated and processed in a way appropriate for th;
manufacturing process, if necessary.

The materials you target for recycling, how you want to channel the proceeds from the sale of matci Lais,
available markets, the characteristics of your agency such as number of employees and geographic
location, and the level of management support will all shape your marketing effort
21
-------
MARKETING:
Directing recyclable materials t manufacturers who use those
materials in making new products:
What Marketing Options Exist?

You can develop your marketing component using three basic approaches. You may elect to use:

• In-house resources -where your recycling committee or facilities service staff undertake
the research and negotiations needed to:

- Identify potential markets and vendors qualified to purchase your recyclable
~ Execute the contracts.

• An interagency cooperative marketing plan - whereby several agencies combine
their recyclables. This enables an agency to reap benefits of a large quantity of marketable
mafrrinls and to take advantage of shared responsibility for contracting with a vendor.

• GSA support services - that screens vendors and negotiates contract packages which
individual agencies can access for needed services.

Work with your recycling committee to assess your agency's operating environment and recycling
program goals. Then decide upon your best marketing approach. The following example illustrates one
method of choosing a marketing plan based on specific agency factors.
22
-------
Design of the Marketing Plan: A Case Study

The administrator of the Motor Vehicle Loan Department for the Agency wanted to develop
a recycling program, A consultant hired to do the waste stream analysis found that 75% of the
agency's waste stream was composed of recyclable materials and that tires and oil comprised the
greatest percentage of materials, followed by newspapers and white paper (carbonless forms).
The administrator hired a recycling coordinator to lead a task force. The purpose of the tas c
force was to assess the feasibility of developing a self-sufficient Departmental recycling program.
A subcommittee was appointed for each of the activities of the program. The marketing
subcommittee, led by the purchasing officer for the Department:

• Determined how much material could be sent to a vendor in any given wed

• Developed a list of vendors for each material comprising more than 10% of the
department's waste stream.

• Conducted a cost-benefit analysis to determine the net recovery of funds for)
the collection.

These objectives reflected the relationship (implications) of this department's operating
environment (factors) on the marketing approach. Therefore, information gained from these
activities was the foundation for the department's marketing plan.
What Factors Should I Consider In Designing and Implementing My Agency's
Marketing Component?

In designing your approach, consider the support resources available to assist your marketing effc rts, such
as GSA or other in-house expertise, and the type and quantity of recyclable materials that compris: your
waste stream, as learned in the waste stream analysis. The chart on the next page illustrates how additional
factors impact the design of your marketing strategy.
o
23
-------
FACTOR:
IMPACT ON
MARKETING SYSTEM
DESIGN:
Program Objectivtt:
* Multi-material recycling
program

• Large quantity of recyclables
- Develop separate vendor lists
aie vendor pick-up schedule
Agtncj Ckaraeuristia:

- GSA operated facility

- Non-GS A operated facility
Work with GSA 10 develop marketing pli

Develop plan with in-house resources
Commitment
- High agency commitment
evident in staff

• Resources assigned to
recycling
• Provides staff to identify potential
markets and good contract options
Who Is Responsible For Designing And Implementing My Agency's Marketing
Component?

The marketing coordinator should lead the marketing effort, acting as liaison for agjency
management, GSA (if appropriate), and the recycling committee or subcommittee. The primary
responsibilities of die marketing subcommittee are to:

* Assist the recycling coordinator in developing an assessment of the current situation, as a
basis for the design of die marketing plan.

• Design a marketing plan for review by agency management, including developing a list of
potential purchasers.

• Work with the Education subcommittee to develop outreach materials explaining the overall
concept and goals of marketing to die program participants.

Always investigate Federal, State and local laws for applicability to your program so as to be aware of
mandatory recycling laws mat may affect your marketing strategy.
24
-------
How Do I Design and Implement My Agency's Marketing Component?

When designing and implementing your marketing component focus on the following basic steps:
1. Organize in-house resources, such as a marketing subcommittee in
your recycling committee, to help design and implement the
marketing plan.

2. Develop a profile of the market for each recyclable material identified
in your waste stream.

3. Evaluate the market profiles to determine costs and benefits of the
marketing plan for each material.

4. Determine which materials are to be marketed based on your cost
benefit analysis. The analysis should include the cost for
transporting and disposing of waste in landfills.

5. Identify the role of in-house agency staff and other support
resources, such as GSA or contractor support in marketing materials.

6. Solicit Invitations for bids.

7. Negotiate agreement(s) with the prospective buyer(s) for each
material.
Each of the steps defined above is necessary to ensure a marketing plan that is responsive to recycling
program needs and market conditions.
25
-------
PROCUREMENT
EDUCATION
COLLECTION
What tt procurement?
What procurement opti
What factors should I consider ia designing
•7 «geacy's procurement component?
Who is responsible for designing and
implementing mj agency's procurement
MARKETING
PROCUREMENT
MONfTORlNG &
EVALUATION
How do I design and implement my agency's
tponent?
What Is Procurement?

Unless a recycling program includes actually buying products made from recycled materials, it stops short
of being a recycling program. Recycling occurs when the materials that were collected and sold to
recycling operators re-enter the economy via procurement Ordering, purchasing, and using supplies made
from recycled materials is your agency's contribution to ensuring that a market will exist for the
recyclable? you collect and sell. Procurement for most Federal agency offices notably includes paper
products, but it also should include any other products that are made from recycled
26
-------
Over the past several years, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued sev< ral
procurement guidelines, which are regulations that require government agencies to buy products made of
recycled materials. The guidelines implement Section 6002 of die Resource Conservation and R< seovery
Act (RCRA). Their purpose is to encourage recycling and reduce the amount of materials that must be
thrown away. Each guideline designates specific items containing recovered materials, which
governments must procure, and it provides recommendations for implementing RCRA requiremjents.
The RCRA Procurement Hotline number is 703-941-4452 for copies of the guidelines and more
detailed information concerning implementation.

EPA has issued five such guidelines which cover:

• Fly ash in cement and concrete

• Paper and paper products

• Lubricating oils

Retread tires, and

• Building insulation products.

Regardless of whether or not a Federal agency institutes its own recycling program, RCRA mandai es all
Federal agencies and procuring agencies procure these items containing recovered materials. Tod 3 so
agencies must:

* Review and, as necessary, revise their specifications to allow for the
purchase of recycled materials. Identify the performance expected of the
product so that acceptance or rejection is based on a verifiable test.

• Design affirmative procurement programs.

The table on the next page summarizes this information. In addition. Appendix C of this handbook
includes the RCRA procurement guidelines.
27
-------
Paper/Paper Products

Lubricating Oils

Retread Tires

Building insulation
Materials

Fly ash In cement and
concrete
Federal Agencies

State and local agencies using
appropriated Federal funds and
spending more than $10,000 per year
on the Item

Firms contracting with federal
agencies or with affected state or
local agencies and that spend more
than $10,000 annually on the Item
Review and Revise
Specifications

Build Affirmative
Procurement
Program
What Procurement Options Exist?

Two general arenas for procuring recycled products include intra-agency purchases and external
procurement by State or local governments receiving funds from, or firms which operate under contract to,
your agency. Strengthening your agency's procurement program, therefore, will entail focusing on both
these arenas.

Although many products are manufactured from recyclable materials, some of the major products
purchased by Federal agency offices are addressed in the existing procurement guidelines. Your agency
can either purchase these items through GSA or directly, if your agency is located outside a GSA-service
area. When considering items for purchase consult your agency's GSA procurement office for a list of
the recycled materials available.
-------
What Factors Should I Consider in Designing My Agency's Procurement Compon

When designing your agency's procurement program, consider the:

» Types of materials your agency buys

* Size of the agency

• Level of funding activity for State and local government programs,
contractor services to the agency

• Your Contract and Grants staffs level of awareness about recycling
especially the role procurement plays

• Inherent prejudice you will have to overcome that recycled content is
inferior

Proximity to and communication between your agency and GSA

* Opportunities to combine your purchase orders with those of other
organizations.

These factors and others will influence the priorities you set when developing a strategy for procuri
recycled products. Most agencies will have their highest demand in paper products and therefore will
concentrate some of their efforts on establishing which recycled products provide the service required
Agencies with extensive grant programs, or those administering large contracts to firms providing [
government support sendee, on the other hand, will focus part of their strategy on how to ensure that these
entities comply with EPA procurement guidelines. All agencies are likely to encounter the attitude that
recycled products are deficient A concerted effort is needed to work with personnel throughout the
agency to overcome this recycling roadblock. The chart on the next page indicates some additional
examples of how various factors can influence the design of your procurement program.
29
nt?
g
-------
<• > '
-------
Successful procurement of recycled products will rely extensively on management support because
procurement is an integral function of the agency's daily operations. After the recycling a
agency managers explore options, the procurement sub-committee should develop a strategy. Die testing
and implementation of this strategy should be based on ongoing communication between all the sub-
committees of the recycling committee, the agency's procurement staff, top executive and program staff,
and information officers within the agency.

How Do I Design and Implement My Agency's Procurement Component ?

The personnel designated above can design and implement a procurement strategy for recycled
products by following the basic requirements of RCRA. RCRA requires each agency to analyze its current
procurement specifications, revise those which unnecessarily exclude recycled products, eliminate
restrictions for virgin materials only, provide for use of recycled materials to the maximum extent possible,
and put into place an affirmative procurement program. The affirmative procurement program components
are shown in the chart below.
PROGRAM COMPONENTS
Recovered Material Preference Program:

Agenda mast establish:
Promotion Program:

• Explicit statements m Requests for proposal

• Mention at pre-biddersconf

• General publicity
• Minimum Content
Standards
• Recommended level

• Quality Performance levels
• Recycling statement or logo on agency
literature printed on recycled paper
Establish Procedures » Obtain Estimates,
Verify and Certify Quantity of Recovered
Material Content:
Annual Review and Monitoring;
Range of tftimatfi and certifications
provided by vendors
When vendors must provide intonation

Who should provide information

How to obtain information

How to verify information
Check for significant variations and
percentages of recovered materials
Analysis of barriers (e* technical,
economic, resistance to use)
31
-------
Your agency's approach to designing and implementing a procurement strategy on be summarized
in the following basic steps:
Active Procurement
1. Organize in-house resources, such as a procurement subcommittee in your
recycling committee, to help design and implement the procurement plan.
~~" - - - ..... andgrani
r other
_ , .. . ... idefijieyour
agency's procurement strategy.

2. Review existing procurement specifications for agency supplies . Survey
program units and other components of the agency to determine volumes
and uses of the materials, in order to plan and consolidate your
proc
r
program.
3. Develop a profile of standards for recycled products and a list of definitions
for those products. (Consult RCRA Guidelines)

4. Develop a profile of the capability for a recycled material to meet the
specifications of each item on your agency's list of purchased materials.
Include information such as cost, availability, and potential vendors.

5. Test the recycled material to determine its replacement ability for certain
products in your procurement program. Especially evaluate over-spedfied
products (e. g. inter-office notepaper), and determine which recycled
materials are to be purchased based on your analysis and other agency
environmental factors, such as cost and management support

6. Get the word out throughout the agency to "BUY RECYCLED."

7. Advertise and promote program with vendors early and often.

8. Negotiate agreements) with the prospective vendors) for each material.
In building a comprehensive recycling program, use your collection, marketing,
and education systems to support the procurement process.
32
-------
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
EDUCATION
COLLECTION
MARKETING
PROCUREMENT
What is monitoring and evaluation?
What program options exist?
What factors should I consider in designing mj
agency's monitoring and evaluation program?
Who is responsible for designing and implementing
my agency's program?
How do I design and implement my agency's
monitoring and evaluation component?
MONITORING &
- -WALUATION
What Is Monitoring And Evaluation?

Monitoring and evaluation of your recycling program is a tracking process in which you measure
your agency's progress toward the recycling objectives you have established. This process can help your
agency:

• Set realistic goals and expectations

* Measure implementation options

Anticipate and resolve problems due to changes in your agency's
environment or operating objectives.

Successful monitoring and evaluation programs are built on plans designed to measure each prograi
activity. The chart on the following page illustrates some critical measures of program performance.
33
-------
ACTIVITY
PERFORMANCE MEASURE
Education
Employee participation-how many, how often* and how well
employees recycle
Collection
Material recovery - percentage of waste stream recovered for
recycling

Efficiency - employees, custodians, and vendors adhere to
collection schedules and collection proceeds smoothly
Marketing
Competitive prices for recydables, available vendor services, and
sale of collected materials.
Procurement
Agency procurement roster lists many recycled products options

Widespread, visible promotion of "buy recycled"

Purchase orders reflect high rate of usage of recycled products
Monitoring
&
Evaluation
System checks are sufficiently frequent and thorough

Supply information needed
34
-------
o
MONITORING AND EVALUATION: Performing periodic checks toj
measure and report the quantity of
materials recycled and the
efficiency of the operation
Determining a baseline
for reporting
Recordkeeping of costs
and revenues
Monitoring recovery rates
and participation
Reporting successes and
problems to manjsgement and
employees
Monitoring your recycling program means keeping accurate and up to date statistics, including
records of tonnage figures, dollars received from recycling vendors, and estimated cost avoidance figures
for removing recyclables from the waste stream.

What Monitoring And Evaluation Options Exist?

Many monitoring and evaluation options can be integrated into your program, depending on your
agency's objectives and the information resources available to assist you in tracking activities. Some
options include, for example:

• Education - Surveying employees in advance of the recycling program start-date, then
periodically thereafter to determine the level of knowledge or awareness throughout the
agency about program components.

* Collection - Recording weight slips for collected materials and comparing this
information with the materials volumes data recorded during your waste stream anal /sis to
determine level of participation.
i
* * Marketing ~ Recording and comparing revenues for recyclables to evaluate best-price
vendors, and recording and comparing overall waste disposal costs to determine the rate of
decrease because of diverting materials from the waste stream.

• Procurement - Reviewing your agency's procurement contracts, grants, and inteijagency
agreement requisitions to evaluate the rate of procurement of recycled materials.

• Monitoring and Evaluation - Surveying agency leaders and employees for ideas on
measurements of success for the recycling program, developing a monitoring and
evaluation plan to measure success rates, re-surveying on a smaller scale and re-eva uating
whether the monitoring and evaluation plan has provided the information desired.
35
-------
lust as there are many measurement options, there are many methods for implementing these options.
Your choices will depend on your agency's resources and the scope of your program. You may, for
example, maintain records in a handwritten form, or log information in a computer database. Staff could
be assigned to conduct your evaluation or your monitoring and evaluation subcommittee members may
provide the service on a volunteer basis. A simple procedure for gathering data is as follows:
Require the recycling company that you contract with to devel
accounting system for each waste stream for the period of the
develop and maintain an
contract
* The recycling company will provide a statement each month to the agency recycling
program coordinator which:

Outlines the total weight of each material collected.

~ States the grade assigned to each load of recyclable material and the price paid per
pound for each material.

With this information, a program operating with even minimal staffing is equipped to track program
progress.
What Factors Should I Consider In Designing My Agency's Monitoring And Evaluation
Component?

Your recycling objectives, agency commitment to recycling, and many of your agency's specific
characteristics, which you will document in your waste stream analysis, will help you establish the
framework within which you can monitor and evaluate your recycling program. If your agency's
objective, for example, is to reduce its landfilling of waste through a 30% reduction in the amount paid fori
hauling refuse to a landfill, this suggests parameters within which you can measure your recycling
program performance. The chart on the next page indicates a few additional monitoring and evaluation
implications which arise from considering certain factors.
36
-------
FACTOR:
IMPACT ON MONITORING AND
EVALUATION COMPONENT:
Program Objectives:

Maintain simple
data-gathering and
accounting system

Increase procurement
of recyclable
materials
Require monthly statements from
recycling company, outlining total
weight of each material collected,
and file statements

Periodically review your agency's
procurement activities
Agency
Characteristics:

Agency with multiple
facilities
Focus on regular reporting methods
to apprise staff and employees of
results and convey support from
agency management
Commitment to
Recycling:
Agency leaders require
internal program to
comply with local
recycling laws
Enforcement strategy to ensure
compliance
37
-------
Recycling-generated funds: Consider also that you will be monitoring the use of recycling-
generated income which implies certain responsibilities for the use of those funds. These responsibilities
are noted as follows:
WHERE THE REVENUES
MUST CO:
RECYCLING REVENUES DERIVED FROM
Materials the agency procures to fulfill
its operating mission, e,g* paper.
These materials are the property of
the government
ILS. Treasury
(Unless agencies have specific
appropiration authority for
return to a Working Capital or
Revolving Fund)
Materials purchased by non-
government funds, e.g. employee
purchases such as soda cans, glass
bottles, newspapers.

These are not government
materials.
Discretion of the recycling
program, May be used,
for example, for ongoing
program costs or
contributed to charities.
Pending legislation would enable agencies to keep and use their recyclkg^ierived revenues for i
support Enactment of this legislation could <^yze all Federal agewaes to move forward rapidly
|H
w
ir recycling progn
Enforcement: Any standardized program implies requirements which, in turn, usually raise die
subject of enforcement. How can or should you attempt to enforce your agency's recycling policies? For
the most pan,.rogram particqiation is voluntary and the success rises or falls on the quality of your
andatory recycling, however, is becoming the policy of many sate and local
governments. If die State and/or local government in which your office is located has implemented such a
law, your agency must comply. Even jfitisnotaStateor local law. there are effective ways to enforce
recycling policy. One of die most effective is a clear and forceful policy statement from your agency
head. Sometimes enforcement can be ried to a service sanction as illustrated on die following page.
38
-------
[Enforcement sample notice; |
WE ARE SORRY
The janitorial staff was unable to empty your trash can because it
contained recyclable materials.

Materials that may be thrown into "Garbage Only" trash cans include:

. Air freight envelopes
. Carbon paper
. Cellophane
. Damaged binders (recycle the papers)
. Foam cups, plates, and trays
. Food waste
. Waxed paper
. Writing implements (old pencils, pens, markers)

Contact building services regarding on*site recycling procedures
for office paper, newspaper, aluminum, cardboard and glass.
Thank you in advance for helping to abide by our State law.
Who Is Responsible For Designing And Implementing My Agency's Monitoring and
Evaluation Component?

Your recycling coordinator and committee will play key roles in the design and
implementation of your agency's monitoring and evaluation program component but they cannot do an
effective job alone. EPA's experience demonstrates that for this and other aspects of a recycling p-~~
it is important to house responsibilities within the building management component of an ag<
Institutionalization of the program in this way ensures that someone has authority to sign off on —
decisions and that documentation of recycling activities will be forwarded to an agency official.

In addition, most effective recycling programs have appointed and trained monitors. Ihe
monitors can be agency-wide volunteers or staff of the agency's building service division. Program
monitors should:

• Periodically inspect office areas to determine if employees are properly dispos: ng oi
recyclable materials

• Post recycling statistics in each building so that employees can follow the progress of
the program.
39
-------
• Field questions regarding program operation or pass along staff suggestions.
* Contribute to articles in Agency bulletins and newsletters.
• Ensure that recycling posters are displayed throughout the year.
Monitoring is not a job that can be passed off routinely, or rotated through. To provide consistency and
reliability there must be regular evaluations by regular monitors. The recycling program coordinator
should meet with program monitors on a monthly basis to readjust the program as needed.
How Do I Design And Implement My Agency's Monitoring And Evaluation Component?
To track the benefits and improvements of your recycling program, first develop a clear picture of
your starting point, a baseline measure of where you are early in the program. To assess your baseline,
you shoul±
• Address the following questions:
- there an active program already in place?
ihere currently a program under development (other than your own)?
What do you consider key items in your recycling agenda?
What do your co-workers want to see accomplished?
* Circulate a staff questionnaire and document the staffs current knowledge of and attitude toward
recycling.
This information provides a background for deciding appropriate measures to use in assessing
your program as it goes forward.
The next step is actually performing periodic checks and assessing all program activities, using
these measures. It is essential that an analysis is performed and records are kept on each activity. The box
on the next page provides some suggestions.
-------
{COMPONENT
(MONITORING & EVALUATION TIPS
Education
A pre-program questionnaire and periodic updates can indicate
increased knowledge and support of the program. Your program's
end-results are probably the best measure of your education
component.
Collection
Marketing
Compare collection actions with goals. Check whether:

• Bins are emptied when full
• Correct recyclables are collected
• Contaminants are present in recyclables

Also check which recyclable items are not collected and why.
Keep vendor receipts for recyclables sold or document volumes of
recyclables at the loading dock prior to sale.

Periodically compare rates with other vendor rates.

Document time and method of pick-up to check efficiency.

Investigate opportunities for joint-sales with other agencies.
Procurement
Monitoring
&
Evaluation
Review purchase orders periodically to ensure that your agency is
buying products made from recycled materials, whenever possible

Schedule periodic discussions with representatives of all agency
departments to review their product needs and encourage them to
"buy recycled."
Distribute findings, report accomplishments and stumbling blocks
to management and employees.

Provide follow-up information so people can see their efforts are
productive.

Provide a feedback mechanism for employee suggestions.
41
-------
IMPLEMENTATION
How Do I Put My Agency's Comprehensive Office Recycling Program In Place?
This section outlines three major phases of activity, which included seven key steps that your
agency may follow in putting your comprehensive recycling program in place. Please keep in mind as you
review these steps that not all programs will follow this exact format for program development and that
flexibility will be die key to your success. The majority of the successful p
handbook did, however, use most, if not all of these steps.

The seven steps of the process usually occur in three phases:

PHASE 1-GETTING STARTED

PHASE 2-PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

PHASE 3- MAINTAINING YOUR PROGRAM
I programs reviewed for this
42
-------
Phase 1 • Getting Started
In this phase, you set your direction, gather resources, and research your agency's situation.
These steps are explained in more detail below.
Step 1 • Commit to Recycling
Critical to the successful implementation of any recycling program is the support and endorsement
of senior agency managers. The go-ahead to establish a recycling program must come from top level
agency management It should be clear that management supports the program, and that it is to be
implemented throughout the agency. Without this support, it is not likely your program will be
successful. Remember the success of any office recycling program depends on the support and
cooperation from every employee, from the highest levels of management to the personnel who carry lout
the actual collection procedures. Considering all of the above you must also be sure that your agency puts
forth a truly unified effort and that all groups within the agency are represented.
When you talk about commitment you may be wondering," What costs are the agency committing
to". Costs for setting up a program vary according to its size, implementation strategy, and resources
available in-house. Cost components include:
• Portion of salary paid to recycling coordinator
* Promotion and education campaigns
• Containers (main cost)
• Increased janitorial costs (if any)
• Procurement changes, for example higher prices for recycled paper
• Monitoring and evaluation

Those responsible for establishing a recycling program are aware of the importance of cost effectiveness.
The net effect of such programs, though, often includes more than costs because of important benefits
from recycling that do not result in revenue such as:
• Conservation of natural resources and energy
* Savings in landfill disposal costs
• Savings in landfill space
• Savings in hauling costs
• Currently, return of funds to the U. S. Treasury from the sale of collected materials.
When you consider the costs versus the benefits of a recycling program, it should be readily apparent ^hy
more and more Federal, State and local governments are committing to recycling.
43
-------
Step 2 - Set Up Your Organization

The effectiveness of your recycling program will depend, in part, on adequate staffing. Prior to
initiating a recycling program, senior agency management must designate a Recycling Program
Coordinator. For a large program, a paid manager or staff may be necessary. Depending on the size of
your agency, the coordinator will spend anywhere from a week or two to several months getting a
recycling program off the ground. Hours required to oversee the program, once it is running, can range
from a few each week to full time.
The Recycling Program Coordinator will be responsible for overseeing the recycling
program and staffing the recycling program team. Staffing die team entails bringing in interested and
knowledgeable individuals to assist in the development and implementation of the recycling program.
consists of three steps: establishing a recycling committee, assigning monitors, and using consulting
experts.
It
Establishing a recycling committee. The first official duty of the new recycling program
coordinator should be to establish a recycling committee to assist in the research, program design,
and program implementation. A committee can be essential to the smooth initiation of a recycling
program. Your newly appointed Recycling Program Coordinator can manage the efforts of the
committee members to ensure that the project and events progress well The establishment of
subcommittees within the committee will allow your group to focus on the specific components of a
recycling program (e.g. education, collection, procurement, marketing, and monitoring and
evaluation).

These committees should include people who are both interested and dedicated to the program and
have leadership/communication experience. While committee members do not need to be
recycling "experts," specialty areas such as contracts specialists, lawyers, scientists, and facilities
staff will reduce die amount of research that needs to be done to get up to speed on many of the
issues. For example, staff from the procurement division, facilities division, technical staff, and
program staff should be involved. The committees should include representatives of all the
offices/buildings that are pan of the program.

Assigning monitors. The Recycling Program Coordinator and the Recycling
Committee should ask for volunteers to be monitors for the recycling program. One monitor for
each division or floor, or for every 25-50 employees, is optimal Monitors do not need to be
experts, but should have a good rapport with the staff and a thorough understanding of how the
recycling program works. They may be responsible for ensuring that the containers are relatively
tree of non-recycled trash, notifying the coordinator if a container overflows, and encouraging
employees to participate in the program. Monitors must also be aware of the importance of
promoting the procurement of recovered materials.

Using Consulting experts. You may want to consider using an outside "expert," such
as a consultant who has set up recycling programs in other facilities. It's possible that your agency
will require new services to get your recycling program off the ground

Once help is aboard for developing the program, the first order of business is to take stock of the
agency's current situation.
44
-------
Step 3 - Research Your Current Situation
I
Researching the current situation will enable your group to develop a set of options and evaluation
criteria to guide the design of your recycling program. Before you start designing and implementing! the
recycling program identify:

* Waste stream characteristics of the agency. These include the types and quantities of
materials the agency discards. This can be determined by conducting a "waste stream analysis/' as a
first step in determining which materials are viable for recycling (See example in collection
section of this handbook.).

* Any current recycling initiatives in place. Prior to implementing a comprehensive recycling
program, determine if any other recycling efforts already exist at your agency. Such efforts may be
"grass roots" in nature and may comprise only a few offices, floors, or staff members. Contac t
these staff members and determine the scope of their activities, including: the number of people
involved, the types and amounts of materials being collected, vendors they are using, the processes
they use for collection and marketing, pitfalls and lessons learned, and the location of their actmties.
This information should be useful to you in setting up a larger, more comprehensive program. In
addition, since the ongoing program can be expected to be merged with the larger effon, it is helpful
to work together to make integration go smoothly.

• Current contracts for space and services. Identify your agency's existing contractual
agreements for building space and services in order to select the recycling option that best meets the
parameters in which you must operate. First, meet with your office's facility personnel to
gather information on building and service agreements. Determine who is responsible for collecting
and hauling trash to a disposal facility. Is it a GSA contractor or operated by the building owner?
Who contracts for services, GSA or your agency? Find out what the current level of service
provides? Determine if your building is leased from GSA or a private owner. Second,
determine whether the trash collection staff can add collecting recycled materials to their
job. Determine whether this would require an amendment to their contract or additional fundinj;.
How would recycling affect current services? Is the waste hauled at a fixed rate or at cost plus fixed
fee?

• Current procurement specifications, plans, guidelines to determine if your agency is
purchasing recycled materials or plans to do so.

• Applicable components of Federal/State/local laws. An increasing number of States :nd
localities have requirements for recycling certain materials. In most cases. Federal agencies are
required to meet State and local laws. Appendix C includes Federal procurement and recycling
requirements. You should review these requirements and EPA guidelines to ensure that your agency
is in compliance. For further assistance on Federal recycling requirements, call the RCRA
Procurement Hotline at (703) 941-4452 or the RCRA Program Hotline at 1-800-
424-9346.

• State and local requirements that apply to your agency by contacting the following
resources:

Local and county planning agencies

State planning agencies

State departments of natural resources or environmental protection
45
-------
State laws and regulations
Local codes and ordinances.
You may want to ask staff at die State or local offices to assist you in designing and implementing a
program that meets their requirements. Regardless of whether State or local requirements exist, you must
comply with RCRA.
• Marketability of collected materials. Knowing what materials can be marketed to a
recycler is critical, so you need to identify:
Potential vendors/recyclers
Materials the vendors/recyclers recycle
Whether there are sufficient materials to warrant recycling; and
Whether the purchase price is sufficient to warrant recycling
Once the materials to be recycled are determined, you can begin to design your program.
46
-------
Phase 2 - Program Development

During the second phase of your program activity, you re-examine initial goals in light of the
synthesized information your group has gathered to compose plausible options.

Step 4 - Develop Program Goals

After assessing your current recycling activities, it is helpful to set program goals commensurate
with the current legal, contractual, and environmental goals identified above. These program goals form
the criteria with which to evaluate different options for the recycling program. Typical goals include:

• Ease of implementation

Meets Federal/State/Iocal requirements

Increases Agency's procurement of recycled materials

Can be implemented with available resources (staff and cost)

Costs of setting up a program vary according to its size, in-house resources, salaries for recycling stafl ' (if
any), containers for recyclable goods (the main cost), educational materials and increased janitorial costs
(if any). ~

Step 5 - Select Program that Meets Goals
i
An agency considering recycling as a waste management tool must first decide whether to make
recycling mandatory or voluntary. This decision is usually driven by economic realities such as
diminishing and costly landfill space and/or increased distances to available disposal sites and/or local liws
regarding recycling, if any. Several decisions must be made before the program can be
designed:

* Is the program mandatory or voluntary? (If recycling, in the future, is mandated for
federal agencies by law and regulation, some options need not be considered or evaluate!)

* Will the work be conducted by staff members voluntarily or will the work be
contracted out or will additional staff be hired to do the work?
What funding resources are available?

Is this a phased program, starting with only some of the
only some of the buildings initially?
at first or including
Which buildings will you consider? Will you plan on phasing in other buildings at a
later date?

Will you try a pilot program prior to initiation of a full-scale program?

What purchases lend themselves to the acquisition of recycled materials?
47
-------
* What is the scope of the program? Remember, this will be your lint cut at the program
scope and you should be realistic while at the same time optimistic. Will it include:
Waste reduction only?
Collection and marketing only?
Procurement only?
- All of the above activities?
• In the Collection Component which materials will you want to recycle? Develop a list of
recyclable materials and list them in priority order for recycling.
High grade white office paper
-- Glass
Aluminum
~ Computer paper
Corrugated cardboard
- Newspaper
- -OB
- Other metals
— nasties
— I -Hfffr printer cartridges
- Lab wastes (some)
In addition, you may want to consider recycling compost materials such as lawn clippings and other yard
wastes, and agricultural wastes, as well as other wastes identified in the waste stream analysis. Select the
materials to be recycled based on the availability of a vendor to buy them, the amount of that material in
your waste stream analysis, and the benefits compared to the cost of collecting and marketing the material.
Now mat you have considered the first two phases, you should have a pretty good idea about what
your program will look like. As a committee you are well established and have the backing of management
who you have kept informed throughout this process. In order to move the program forward, submit the
committee's findings and recommendations to management for approval.
48
-------
Phase 3 - Maintaining Your Program
Step 6 - Implement Program

So much has already been
summary of design and implementation steps in
track.
development that this section is presented as
orm of a checklist to help keep your program on
Program Design and Implementation Checklist

Your staffing team is ready and the comprehensive requirements analysis has been done. You have
selectively designed a recycling program that is now ready to be implemented. But first check to make
sure you have:

Education:

_ Established lines of communication with employees
_ Determined which types of education devices will be used by whom
_ Announced the program and put up posters
_ Distributed written recycling procedures for staff, maintenance personnel and management
_ Trained the staff, maintenance personnel, and management who are directly involved

Collection:

_ Determined whether your present contract meets your program needs
_ Identified and secured space for collection and storage of materials
_ Selected and procured collection containers
_ Identified area(s) for loading dock use or other central point(s) of transfer for dealer pick-up
____ Determined who will move tMtytyiy to central transfer points
Placed containers in appropriate areas
Marketing:
Met with Agency contracts staff
Identified dealer contract components
Established funding needs to *n**fc*t materials
Determined where income from recycle collection will go
Solicited proposals from dealers
Reviewed GSA contract availability
Signed a contract
Procurement:
Implemented procurement guidelines
Organized in-house procurement resources
Enlisted the support on in-house agency staff and other support resources
Developed a profile of the availability of a recycled material
Evaluated recycled material profiles
Determined which recycled materials are to be purchased through procurement program
Negotiated agreements) with prospective vendors) for each material.
49
-------
Step 7 - Monitoring and Evaluation:
_ Conducted waste stream analysis
Established monitoring/evaluation timeframe
Established methods of tracking, measuring and recording quantities of material recovered
Established lines of communication between staff and management to convey program results
Program monitors in place
Established feedback mechanism
Developed enforcement program if necessary

Your monitoring and evaluation sub-committee may find additional items to add to the checklist. Now you
are really ready to go. Good luck, and enjoy a worthwhile project!
TEAR SHEET

Let Us Know How You Are Doing and What You Need

EPA recognizes that with the rapid advancements in recycling programs and technologies,
guidelines such as those offered in this handbook may quickly become outdated. In order to provide
your agency with the best information possible, EPA would like to know how the handbook has been
useful to you, changes or other information you would find helpful, resources you can recommend, ana
suggestions or tips you can offer from your office recycling efforts. The tear sheet included at the end
of the handbook has a two-fold design: to enable you to report back to EPA regarding the helpfulness
of the handbook and any changes you recommend, and to provide you with a record of your program's
goals and accomplishments. In order to maintain the completeness of this handbook, please photo-copy
the page, complete the questionnaire, and return it to the address indicated on the form. The
information you provide will be used in periodic updates of this handbook.
50
-------
APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY
PUBLICATIONS
1. American Telephone & Telegraph, Inc.(A T & T), materials compiled by Cheryl A.
LaPana concerning recycling activities at A T & T, 1989.

2. Brock, Carolyn, From Waste to Resources in Kent County. Kent County's
(Michigan) Resource Recovery Program, Department of Public Works, 1984.

3. Cannon, Jonathan Z, "StatemenL..Before the Subcommittee on Transportation and
Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, U.S. House of
Representatives," July 12, 1989.

4. Chandler, William U., Materials Recycling: The Virtue of Necessity. WorldWatch
Paper 56, Worldwaich Institute, 1983.

5. Franklin Associates, Ltd., An Analysis of the EPA Headquarters Waste Stream.
March 10,1989.

6. International Business Machines, Inc. (IBM), materials compiled by Bonny MacBrien
concerning recycling activities at IBM, 1989.

7. MidAtlantic Glass Recycling Program, "Fundraisinp Through RecvcHnp. undated.

8. National Solid Wastes Management Association, Recycling Times, various issues.

9. National Solid Wastes Management Association, Waste Alternatives, various issues.

10. Ogden Martin Systems, Inc., materials compiled by W. John Phillips, Vice President,
concerning recycling activities at Ogden Martin, 1989.

11. Outerbndge, Thomas, Melcher. Joan, and Relis, Paul, Setting Up An Office
Recycling Program. Community Environmental Council, Inc., 1986.

12. Bnllnelf, Pynthifl Mining Urban Wastes: The Potential For Recycling. Worldwatfh
Paper 76. Worldwatch Institute, 1987.

13. Ruston, John, Testimony of The Environmental Defense Fund at a Hearing Before
the Subcommittee on Transportation and Hazardous Materials of the House Committee
on Energy and Commerce on Federal Recycling Initiatives," July 13,1989.

14. The Coca Cola Company. Recycling. A Corporate Approach, undated.

15. The San Francisco Recycling Program. Your Office Paper Recycling Guide, undated.

16. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Offic^ Paper Recovery; An Implementation
Manual. (1990).

17. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Promoting Source Reduction and
Recvclabilitv in the Marketplace. EPA/530-SW-89-066, September 1989.

18. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Recycle. Proceedings from Facilities
Management Conference, May 9-12,1989.

19. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Recycling Works! State and Local Solutions
to Solid Waste Management Problems. EPA/530-SW-89-014, January 1989.

A-l
-------
20. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for
Action. EPA/530-SW-89-019, February 1989.

2 1 . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Waste Mjnimizarion. Environmental Quality
with Economic Benefits. EPA/530-SW-87-026,October 1987.

22. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Yard Waste Composting. A Study of Eight
Programs. EPA/530-SW-89-038, April 1989.

23. Waste Management Corporation, Inc., materials compiled concerning recycling
activities, 1989.

LEGISLATION

The Solid Waste Disposal Act. as amended, 1987
District of Columbia Bill 7
Multi-Material Recycling Act of 1988
Procurement Guideline for Cemen
378, the "District of Columbia Solid Waste Management and
of 1988"
t and Concrete Containing Fly Ash, 40 CFR Part 249,
January 1983
Procurement Guideline for Paper and Paper Products, 40 CFR Part 250, June 1988
Procurement Guideline for Lubricating Oils Containing Refined Oil, 40 CFR Part 252,
June 1988
Procurement Guideline for Retread Tuts, 40 CFR Pan 253, November 1988
Procurement Guideline for Building Insulation Products, 40 CFR Part 248, February 1989
A-2
-------
APPENDIX B: LIST OF INFORMATION CONTACTS
INFORMATION
CONTACTS
RCRA PROCUREMENT
HOTLINE
(703) 941-4452 M-F
f -M TO 5 JO (EST)
RCRA PROGRAM
HOTLINE
IffAA 4+4 *1Af

EPA RECYCLING
RESOURCE STAFF
POC: GAILWRAY
ROBERT KELLY and
REBECCA HOCKMAN
(202) 382^980
EPA, OFFICE OF
SOLID WASTE
POC: TRUETT DEGEARE
TERRY GROGAN
TERRY GRIST
RICHARD BRADDOCK
(202)3S3-«2«I
GSA
FEDERAL RECYCLING
PROGRAM
POC: BEVERLY GOLDBLATT
(202)5014348

B-I
-------
-------
APPENDIX C
EDERAL PROCUREMENT OF RECYCLED MATERIALS
Ex,
GUIDELINES FOR
s
CUREME
O
fig
a*

CO
1
i
M
J=
Curing agency identifies t
g.
cd
definition of
i
3
3
(A
1
JT
i
encies using appropriated
II .
u. <35 U
___
^ ^ r^

>rocuring agencies. These requirements include:
h*
th certain requirements foi
<*•
M
of RCRA set
i
^
§
inailon against the use of recovered materials.
d material if reasonable levels of technical performance, cost,
i.
ley have met any minimum contractual requirements for including
C J» v ••
ii specifications any discrii
ucts which contain recove:
competition can be achiev
cation from suppliers that
rials in their products.
liill
* & * B §
Jff.fi^
1 1 1 '1 1
•a js * -a >
i a ^ 3 o
u <£ « o S
^^ _
^* r^i f^

guidelines for:
«••
c
ge outlines the procureme
8,
BO
C
I

it*
X

ion materials
crete containing fly ash
products
containing refined oil.
| § || „
n ^3 M *^S
bfl c *3 ^^
da 3 cu j o:

^ Ol fH ^ V}
.
CO
C-l
-------
5
a
u
M
fit
Ex.
O
Cd
u
O
fi
£
a
£
-j
H
OS
a.
h
ii
l
C-2
-------
APPENDIX D: MATERIAL HANDLING REQUIREMENTS
BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The following provides basic information and handling requirements on the paper, glass,
aluminum and plastics recycling programs.

Paper Program:

When assessing the potential for paper recycling, keep in mind that not all paper is the
same. Different grades lend themselves to making different types of new products and,
therefore, are not interchangeable. For example, old newspapers are used primarily to
make newsprint and recycled paperboard, but cannot be used to make fine writing papers;
old corrugated containers make linerboard, corrugating medium, and recycled paperboard,:
but not newsprint; high-grade deinking papers and pulp substitutes (e.g., trim or cuttings
from convening plants that produce folding cartons, envelopes, bags) make tissue and
printing/writing papers, but not corrugated boxes. Recycled paper can be used to create
cereal boxes, writing pad bases, wall board, newsprint, corrugated containers and tissue
paper. The four major grades of recyclable paper are:

1. High Grade Office Paper:

The fourth largest source of waste paper is the high-grade deinking papers, of
which 2.5 million tons were collected in 1988. This is estimated as 36% of the
potential available. This is primarily disgarded as production printed waste, but
also includes materials such as computer printout papers white paper/any color
printing, white office stationary, white copier paper, white note/tablet paper, white
envelopes with water-soluble glue(flaps that stick when moistened). Excluded
from this category include: envelopes with non-soluble glue, carbon paper
(sensitized paper), blueprint paper, film and photographs, all colored paper, and file
folders.

2. Low Grade Office Paper:

Mixed papers are collected from office buildings and industrial plants and are
generally unsorted paper. Included in mixed paper is a significant percentage of
high quality waste papers. These, if separated from other non-paper wastes, can be
recycled into high quality products. In 1988, 3.0 million tons of mixed papers
were collected, which represents a 10 percent collection rate overall and a 13
percent recovery rate of the uncontaminated supply. Additionally low-grade paper
includes: colored paper, file folders(rcuse if possible), brown envelopes, soft cover
books with white paper(e.g., Code of Federal Regulations, phone books)-or
remove binding and recycle as high grade white paper.

3. Corrugated Cardboard:

The largest single source of waste paper collected for recycling is corrugated boxes,
including corrugated box plant clippings. In 1988, approximately 10.5 million tons
of used corrugated boxes (post consumer waste) and 1.8 million tons of box plant
clippings (industrial waste) were collected. The nationwide collection rate for old
corrugated containers in 1988 was 51 percent, with some metropolitan areas
achieving a post-consumer collection rate estimated to be in excess of 60 percent.
D-l
-------
4. Old Newspapers:

The second largest source of waste paper is newspaper, which constitutes the
principal grade collected from private residence. In 1988, approximately 4.7
million tons were recovered, representing 34 percent of total U.S. consumption (the
equivalent of 81 percent of the 5.8 million tons of U.S. newsprint production).
Glass Program:

Glass is 100% recyclable without any loss in quality to the new containers being
manufactured. The average American uses approximately 85 pounds of glass per year.
Recycled glass melts at a lower temperature, thereby reducing energy consumption and
extending the life of melting furnaces. Every pound of melted glass can be recycled into a-
pound of new glass, and it can be recycled again and again. Recyclable glass containers
include all types of food jars, beverage bottles (all glass), and cosmetic bottles. Excluded
are light bulbs, ceramic glass, dishes or plate glass, safety and window glass, heat resistant
glass, and lead-based glass (such as crystal or TV tubes).

Aluminum Program:

Approximately 55 percent of all aluminum cans sold are returned and recycled. In 1988,
1.5 million pounds of aluminum beverage containers (about 42.5 billion cans) were
recycled. The actual number of aluminum cans recycled has increased every year since
aluminum recycling became popular in the early 1970s. In most cases recycled aluminum
is used to produce new cans.

Steel and Bi-MetalHc Program:

Steel cans are purchased by the steel industry because they are a good somce of scrap and
because their tin coating can also be recovered and recycled. Some steel cans have
aluminum tops and bottoms and are called bi-metal cans. A can is bi-metal if a magnet
sticks to the sides but not the ends. If you collect a lot of cans, you might want to flatten
them to save space. You will need to check the local marketability for bi-metal cans to
determine if recycling them is viable.

Plastics Program:

A growing number of types of plastic products are being recycled. PET plastics
(polyethylene terephthalate) are recycled at a rate of 20 percent Other plastic products with
favorable recycling potential are milk, water and juice containers, all of which are derived
from high density polyethylene (HOPE). Recycling potential also exists for other types of
plastics, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVQ or vinyl. Items made from polystyrene foam
which can be recycled include plastic foam cups and plates, take-put containers used by the
restaurant industry; cafeteria trays, fast-food containers, plastic cutlery and packaging
materials. Recycled plastics are used in plastic wood products, flower pots, drainage pipes,
toys, traffic barrier cones, carpet backing, and fiber for pillows, ski jackets and sleeping
bags.
D-2
-------
Tires:
Approximately 200 million tires are available for reuse or recycling each year. Since they
are bulky, they take up valuable landfill space. Tires, which are very expensive to dispose
of, can be used in asphalt pavement, industrial fuel, rubber mats and to hold soil erosion
Yard Waste:
Yard waste comprised eighteen percent of the municipal waste stream. Yard wastes
including leaves, grass clippings, branches, and twigs can be composted and used to enrich
soil. For more information about composting you may wish to read EPA's Yard Waste
Composting: A Study of Eight Programs (EPA/53Q-SW-89-038V This document is
available through the RCRA Program Hotline 1-800-424-9346
HANDLING REQUIREMENTS

Each of the different types of recyclable materials have different handling and processing
requirements, a few of which are outlined below. It will be important to work closely with your
local recycling company who will stipulate requirements for materials other than those discussed
below:

High And Low Grade Office Paper:

Contamination of high and low grade office paper causes serious problems in the paper
manufacturing process and substantially lowers the value. The most frequently found
contaminants are:

Plastic covers
Lithocoated paper
Fax paper
Glossy paper
Post-its
Tape
Carbon paper
Blueprints
Cardboard
Pressure-sensitive labels
Paper with insoluble glue (e.g., wrapping for copier paper)
Envelopes with plastic windows
Envelopes with pressure-sensitive flaps and labels
Binder clips, metal fasteners, rubber bands (save for reuse)
Food wrappings, cups, napkins, tissues.

Corrugated Cardboard:

Corrugated cardboard should be kept free of contaminants, which adversely affect I
production efficiency and product quality. Contaminant-free corrugated waste paper also
increases its value. Common contaminants include: styrofoam packing materials, plastic
bags, wrap and film, trays used to package food items, and plastic cups.
D-3
-------
Newspapers:

In order to maximize the price that can be obtained for newspapers, they should be kept
clean, dry, out of direct sunlight, tied in bundles or placed in paper bags, and free of
contaminants. Contaminants include:

Wire hangers or other metal objects
Wax and plastic paper
_ Aluminum foil
Food
Plastic bags
Clothing
Glass
Wood and yard waste.

Glass:

Glass has a number of processing and handling requirements that have to be followed in
order to produce cullet (crushed glass) that is furnace ready (i.e., color-sorted and free of
contaminants).

1. Separate material by color fgreen, brown or clear): Color sorting is essential to
guarantee color consistency in containers being made from recycled glass.
Occasionally, markets can be found for mixed-color glass, but prices paid may be
lower than these for color-sorted glass. No equipment in the glass container
industry can effectively color sort glass in the processing phase. Sorting of glass
can be done easily by providing three separate, central containers clearly marked to
specify which color of glass should be deposited in each container.

2. Separate contaminants from the glass: Contamination is a serious concern of the
glass container industry. Sources of contamination include:

Stones and din
Ceramic cups, dishes and ovenware
Light bulbs
Plate glass, safety and window glass
Heat-resistant glass such as Pyrex
Lead-based glass such as crystal or TV tubes.

These materials can create serious problems for the glass container manufacturer for
the following reasons: glass furnaces operate at temperatures of about 2700 degrees
Fahrenheit Bom lead and aluminum melt at this temperature. Iron, steel and lead
will settle to the bottom of a furnace and attack its refractory lining. Aluminum
melts into small balls called "stones" or bubbles called "seeds." These can appear
in the containers being made, causing both structural and aesthetic problems.
Ceramics and stones create similar problems.

Glass plants are equipped with cullet processing systems which can remove metal
caps, rings, and paper from the cullet This means that all glass recycling
programs must make quality control of collected material a high priority.

3. Crushing the glass. Glass does not need to be crushed to be sold. However,
crushed glass (cullet) reduces the volume which makes transport simpler and more
efficient
D-4
-------
Metal Cans:

Depending on your market, metal cans at some point will need to be separated into all
aluminum, steel and/or bi-metal categories. If separation is required at the Agency, a
magnet can be used to determine the alloy. It is suggested that the cans be crushed in order
to reduce the volume and make transportation more efficient Contaminants include:

liquid in cans
food wrappings
cups, plastic and glass

It is important that the cans be empty of liquid and that such information be displayed on
the collection container.

Plastics: i

There are many varieties and combinations of plastic in offices. Plastic will usually have
to be separated by types. This is a relatively new area and technology is advancing rapid! y.
D-5
-------
-------
APPENDIX E: WASTE REDUCTION

Program staff can undertake steps to reduce waste and to foster the reuse of material
goods. Activities include:

* Source elimination
• Source reduction
• Reuse

Suggestions for involving staff are presented in the following paragraphs.

A. Source Elimination

Educate staff to the choice of selecting and buying products that have recycling
markets in your area. Selecting recyclable and recycled goods over other materials also
could be applied to document production (e.g.. Code of Federal Regulations) whereby the
agency specifies that water soluble glues are used. At the same time, investigate
alternative ways to bind documents so that when a document is no longer useful, it can be
recycled as a high grade material with a minimal amount of labor involved. Other waste
reduction examples include:

• Telephone directories should be stapled rather than glued
• Use of ceramic cups instead of disposable polystyrene foam

The aim of these efforts is to eliminate unnecessary non-recyclable waste.

B. Source Reduction

A Federal agency can assess its own way of doing business to encourage staff to
reduce the amount of waste it helps generate. For example, requiring agency staff and
contractors to copy on both sides of the paper can generate substantial savings in paper.
Use the back of previously used paper for drafts or worksheets. Make only the number of
copies of memos or reports needed to meet your requirements. Do not round up—making
twenty copies when only eighteen are needed. This equals a 10% reduction in waste. See
EPA document (EPA-530-SW-89-066) Promoting Source Reduction and Recycling in the
Marketplace.

C. Reuse

One of the most critical components of waste reduction is the reuse of materials.
Each time a material is reused, a new one need not be manufactured, purchased, and
ultimately disposed of. Suggested items to reuse include:

File folders
Interoffice envelopes
Binder clips, metal fasteners, paper clips
Rubber bands.
Three ring binders
Staples
Staple removers

An agency should stress that office supplies can often be reused instead of being thrown
out. It is suggested that an area be identified for the display of used supplies within or
near your agency's supply store.
E-l
-------
-------
TEAK SMUT
AGENCY NAME:

Address:
Today's Date:
Contact Person/Division:
PROGRAM GOALS:

• EDUCATION:

Strategy
Accomplishments.
COLLECTION:

Materials: Estimated tonnage to be collected
High grade paper
Computer paper
Other paper
Newspaper
Glass
Aluminum
Corrugated cardbd.
Oil
Other metals
Plastics
Printer Cartridges
Lab wastes
Other (please identify)
PROCUREMENT:
Materials: Please check those recyclable materials regularly or those which
which will be procured.
Building insulation products
Fly ash in cement
Other (please identify)
Paper
Computer paper
Photocopy paper
Oil
Printer cartridges
Lab products
Retread tires
TS-1
-------
MARKETING:

Strategy ,_.. ,
Accomplishments.
* MONITORING AND EVALUATION:

Strategy
Frequency.
PROGRESS TO DATE:

EDUCATION: What techniques have you used and how successful have they
been?
Techniques
Frequency. Timing
Participation
How have you staffed your education program?
Volunteers
New Hires
Assigning tasks to existing
employees
• COLLECTION: What materials are regularly collected?

Material* Amount fin tons)
TS-2
-------
How have you staffed your collection program?
Volunteers New Hires Assigning tasks to existing
employees

PROCUREMENT: What recycled materials are regularly procured?

Materials Amount (in tons or dollars^
ENTHUSIASM AND COMMITMENT: How would you describe the enthusiasm
and commitment of the following participants to your recycling program:

- Senior Agency Management:
• Program Staff:
Program Participants
GENERAL: How has actual program experience differed from program goals?
Why has experience been better or worse?
Describe funding support and adequacy:
FUTURE: What program improvements or changes do you plan?
TS-3
-------
HANDBOOK CRITIQUE:

1. What parts of the handbook were particularly helpful in setting up your
recycling program?
2. In what areas was the handbook weak: (For example, have you encountered
problems for which the handbook had no answer. Were there any areas where it
was incorrect or misguiding? If so, please photocopy the pages and return with *
comment
3. What guidance could we add that would make the handbook more useful?
4. What other references did you use to develop your program?
5. What advice would you give others wishing to develop a similar recycling
program?
Please mail responses to:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Attention: Gail Miller Wray (PM-215)
401 M St., SW
Washington, DC 20460
TS-4

-------
-------
-------
w
ill*
i i

iiiilHlHililHililil

»
Si ll
i| •Ss'3»S«-v
I!

i
14 I^UlHil v\
M itW 5 It'll
id mm\ iiiiii

ft
IM *
til i
II
I**
I"
U ill
-------
'15ff }'!
if! U
M
ifffj
«* s»s
:4
111 II
1! i
i! flth i!
|
IIS
? S^Si 3-13 I 9

• III! His
! i It il!i!
II
l\
Hi
;i tfti

r ilrt
I
l!i
Mi
!;
ml? •""" i
if i!!f!
nil l|fM

ii! I!

f
ii
f
ii
i*5
lit
2;aai
Utl!
ill!!
r»§»

If
^
!ffl*i
nil
I
m
n
Sf»l
11
§'

]1
II
?*UH!i i
i mi j
lllIMll
"If
w

11
u

il
1?

I
mi
3
lili1 l!
P! Hi
3 ;i
• &?
fls
up
-------
May 16, 1991
Federal
Recycling
Program
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
FEDERAL RECYCLING PROGRAM
CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS
-------
-------
RECYCLING CLAUSES TO BE INSERTED IN SERVICE CONTRACTS
TOR THE COLLECTION AND SALE OP RECYCLABLE MATERIALS

A GUIDELINE
-------
-------
RECYCLING CLAUSES TO BE INSERTED IN SERVICE (I.E., JANITORIAL,
TRASH REMOVAL) CONTRACTS FOR THE COLLECTION AND SALE OF
RECYCLABLE MATERIALS
NOTE IN SECTION B:
All costs associated with the handling, transportation and sale
of recyclable materials shall be included in the base price for
the initial year and all option periods of the contract.

The Contractor shall retain any proceeds that result from the
sale of' recyclable materials covered by this contract. The bid
price shall reflect any amount attributable to the value of
recyclable materials.
SECTION C INSERTS;
Recyclable Materials. The Contractor shall handle, transport aip
ensure the recycling of all materials intended to be recycled.
Materials intended to be recycled ares [complete as
appropriate]. All materials that are intended to be recycled
(i.e., materials in recycling containers or otherwise designated
by the COR to be recycled) shall be recycled unless prior
approval is received from the CO, or his/her designee. For
example, materials intended to be recycled cannot be landfilled
(or disposed of in any manner other than to recycle) without
prior approval by the CO, or his/her designee.

All recyclable materials generated in the building shall be
collected and removed from the areas designated in Part III,
Section J, Exhibit [insert appropriate exhibit number] to an area
designated by the COR. Recycling containers shall be free of
residue and any plastic liners shall not be torn, worn or contain
residue. Overflow of materials from containers shall be picked,
up from the floor of the area used to collect and consolidate the
materials.

Additional or special pickups may be required on an irregular
basis. Pickups shall be accomplished within 24 hours of
notification by the COR. Payment for these pickups will be bas^d
on the hourly rate specified for additional services in this
contract.

All work shall be coordinated and scheduled through the COR.

1 of 5
-------
Locating and contracting with a recycling vendor (i.e., a
processor or mill) is the sole responsibility of the Contractor.

The Contractor shall identify all recyclable materials by type
(and grade, if appropriate) and quantity (i.e., number of
containers and/or weight) prior to their being transported from
the facility(s) . Receipts for all materials shall be immediately
obtained by the Contractor upon transfer of the materials to a
recycling vendor.

Receipts shall identify all materials by type (and grade, if
appropriate) and quantity. Records of what was transported from
the facility(s) and receipts obtained shall be made available to
the COR upon request. The method of identifying materials prior
to transportation from the facility(s), obtaining receipts and
•keeping records of these transactions shall be approved by the
CO, or his/her designee, prior to starting work.

Recyclable materials shall not be handled, stored or transported
in any manner that promotes a safety or health hazard.
[Optional Insert:] All orders for pickups shall be coordinated
by the COR, or his/her designee(s).
Storage Containers. The Contractor shall provide the necessary
storage containers and other equipment for use in Government-
designated storage areas in sufficient quantities for the removal
and storage of the recyclable material accumulations prior to
removal by the Contractor.

a. Container Type. [insert any specifics for storage
containers] The COR shall approve all container styles and types
prior to placement.

b. Container Responsibility. The Contractor shall be
responsible for the delivery, maintenance, and removal of storage
containers and equipment, throughout the contract period. The
Contractor-supplied containers must be kept free from holes,
vermin, or foreign matter which might cause injury, stain
clothing or furniture, and the containers must not emit
unpleasant odors. If any Contractor-provided container emits
unpleasant odors, as identified by the COR, it shall be
immediately corrected by the Contractor at his expense. All
Contractor-supplied equipment and materials will remain the
property of the Contractor during and subsequent to the contract
period.

2 of 5
-------
c. Container Exclusions. Canvas hampers will not be
provided, delivered or picked up by the Contractor for the
purpose of storage or transporting used beverage cans (UBCs) or
used glass containers (UGCs).
!
d. Container Placement and Pickup Schedule. See section J.j

[Optional Insert if the Contractor is to supply recycling
collection containers:] The Contractor shall furnish all
containers utilized for the receipt and collection of recyclable
materials. Containers provided for recycling shall conform to
the following requirements:

o Containers whose volume exceeds 10 gallons: .

- construction
• Nonmetallic and/or metal construction.
- Equipped with tight fitting lid, cover or top.
- The lid, cover or top may have opening(s).
Opening(s) in the lid of the container may not exceed 40 percent
of the surface area of the lid.

• Location
* Limited to general office space, lobbies, corridor
and rest rooms.
- Limited to nonsmoking areas.
- Limited to areas where the containers do not
interfere with occupant egress.

o Containers whose volume is less than 10 gallons:

- Construction
- Nonmetallic and/or metal construction.
- No lid, cover or top is required.

- Location
- Limited to general office space.
- Limited to nonsmoking areas.
• Limited to areas where the containers do not
interfere with occupant egress.

The containers shall be composed of recycled material to the
maximum extent practicable regardless of the material the
containers are made of. The containers shall be approved by the
CO, or his/her designee, prior to use. Damaged containers shall
be replaced by the Contractor.
[insert the following paragraph
by this contract:]
(3) if recyclable paper is cover eld
3 Of 5
-------
Restriction on Use. Recyclable paper purchased under this
contract shall be used or sold as recyclable paper only. The
Contractor shall not use, allow access to, or cffer for resale any
papers, documents, file record material, or any other form of
records as files, records, or for the information- contained
therein.

[optional insert (Paragraph 4) if classified documents are to be
recycled]

Destruction of Material Covered Under the Privacy Act. Certain
accumulations of recyclable paper sold under this contract will
contain classified or confidential information which is covered by
the Privacy Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-579). .This material shall
be shredded or pulped at no cost to the Government. Certification
showing that the material has been destroyed shall be forwarded to
the Custodian from where the records were moved within fifteen
(15) days from the receipt of the file record material.

The Contractor shall install and maintain any equipment necessary
for the destruction of the recyclable paper within the boundaries
of the contract area(s), unless otherwise approved by the CO, or
his/her designee. If temporary storage is necessary, the storage
area shall be securely locked at all times and under the
supervision of the Contractor or its representative. The
contractor shall be responsible for the security of the recyclable
paper from the time of pickup until it has been destroyed. Any
loss of recyclable paper due to Contractor neglect may result in
termination of this contract. GSA reserves the right to inspect
the Contractor's destruction equipment and facilities at any time.

Certain lots of material may require destruction under the
supervision of a representative of the holding agency or GSA.
This material shall be taken directly to the Contractor's
destruction facility from the service location in conveyances
sealed by the Government. These conveyances shall be opened only
in the presence of the representative at the Contractor's facility
and the contents destroyed without any undue delay. Pickups
requiring a Government representative to be present for
destruction shall be scheduled within his/her normal duty hours,
including travel time.

Any national security information which has been classified under
the provision of Executive Order 12356, or any subsequent order
relating to the classification system for national security-
information, shall not be disposed of through the use of this
contract.

NOTE: The Contractor will not be expected to shred or remove any
shredded material cut into less than one-quarter inch strips or
destroyed by a "crisscross" shredding devise [requirements under
this NOTE ma/ vary with local Markets].

4 Of 5
-------
SECTION J INSERT; Recycling Material Collection/Pickup.
Container
Location
Number of
Containers
Capacity
Pickup
Schedule
[If locations are apt to change frequently, you may want to
a nuaber of containers per floor and state that a recycling
sticker will be placed on each door or door plate identifying
container location.]
5 of 5
-------
-------
RECYCLING CLAUSES TO BE INSERTED ZH SERVICE CONTRACTS
POR THE COLLECTION 07 RECYCLABLE MATERIALS

A GUIDELINE
-------
-------
RECYCLING CLAUSES TO BE INSERTED IN SERVICE (I.E., JANITORIAL,
TRASH REMOVAL) CONTRACTS FOR THE COLLECTION OF
RECYCLABLE MATERIALS
NOTE IN SECTION B:
All costs associated with the collection and handling of
recyclable materials shall be included in the base price for the
initial year and all option periods of the contract.
SECTION C INSERT:
Recyclable Materials. The contractor shall collect and remove
all materials intended to be recycled. Materials intended to be
recycled are: [complete as appropriate].

All recyclable materials generated in the building shall be
collected and removed from the areas designated in Part III,
Section J, Exhibit [insert appropriate exhibit number] to an area
designated by the COR. Recycling containers shall be free of
residue and any plastic liners shall not be torn, worn or contain
residue. Overflow of materials from containers shall be picked
up from the floor of the area used to collect and consolidate the
materials.

Additional or special pickups may be required on an irregular
basis. Pickups shall be accomplished within 24 hours of
notification by the COR. Payment for these pickups will be based
on the rate specified for additional services [coordinate this
with the existing additional services clause in the service
contract] in this contract.

All work shall be coordinated and scheduled through the COR.

Recyclable materials shall not be handled, stored or transported
in any manner that promotes a safety or health hazard.
[Optional Insert:] All orders for pickups shall be coordinated
by the COR, or his/her designee(s).
1 of 2
-------
[Optional Insert if the Contractor is to supply recycling
collection containers:] The Contractor shall furnish all
containers utilized for the receipt and collection of recyclable
materials. Containers provided for recycling shall conform to
the following requirements:

o Containers whose volume exceeds 10 gallons:

- Construction
- Nonmetallic and/or metal construction.
- Equipped with tight fitting lid, cover or top.
- The lid, cover or top may have opening(s).
Opening(s) in the lid of the container may not exceed 40 percent
of the surface area of the lid.

- Location
- Limited to general office space, lobbies, corridors
and rest rooms.
- Limited to nonsmoking areas.
- Limited to areas where the containers do not
interfere with occupant egress.

o Containers whose volume is less than 10 gallons:

- Construction
- Nonmetallic and/or metal construction.
- No lid, cover or top is required.

- Location
- Limited to general office space.
- Limited to nonsmoking areas.
- Limited to areas where the containers do not
interfere with occupant egress.

Container Number of Pickup
Location Containers Capacity Schedule
[If locations are apt to change frequently, you may want to state
a nuaber of containers per floor and state that a recycling
sticker will be placed on each door or door plate identifying
container location.]

2 of 2
-------
RECYCLING CLAUSES TO BE INSERTED IN SALES CONTRACTS
FOR THE COLLECTION OF RECYCLABLE MATERIALS

A GUIDELINE
-------
-------
RECYCLING CLAUSES TO BE INSERTED IN SALES CONTRACTS
FOR THE COLLECTION OF RECYCLABLE MATERIALS
NOTE IN SECTION B:
All costs associated with the collection and handling of
recyclable materials shall be included in the base price for the
initial year and all option periods of the contract.
SECTION C INSERT:
Recyclable Materials. The contractor shall collect and remove
all materials intended to be recycled. Materials intended to be
recycled are: [complete as appropriate].

All recyclable materials generated in the building shall be
collected and removed from the areas designated in Part III,
Section J, Exhibit [insert appropriate exhibit number] to an area
designated by the COR. Recycling containers shall be free of
residue and any plastic liners shall not be torn, worn or contain
residue. Overflow of materials from containers shall be picked
up from the floor of the area used to collect and consolidate th<»
materials.

Additional or special pickups may be required on an irregular
basis. Pickups shall be accomplished within 24 hours of
notification by the COR.

All work shall be coordinated and scheduled through the COR.

Capacity
Container
Location
Number of
Containers
Pickup
Schedule
[If locations are apt to change frequently, you may want to state
a number of containers per floor and state that a recycling
sticker will be placed on each door or door plate identifying
container location.]
2 of 2
[ DO ]
-------
SALE SPECI7ICATION FOR RECYCLABLE MATERIALS

A GUIDELINE
-------
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SCHEDULE

A - Solicitation/Contract Form
TITLE

PART I - THE

Section

SF 114: Sale of Government Property -
Bid and Award

Section B - Supplies or Services and Prices/Costs

1. Description of Services ,
2. Bid/Offer ,
3. Note to Offerers

Section C - Description/Specifications

1. General
2. Scope of Work
3. Restriction on Use
4. Destruction of Material Covered
Under the Privacy Act
5. Supervision
6. Delivery, Loading, and Removal of
Property
7. Contractor Responsibilities for
Government Properties
8. Monthly Billing Procedures
9. Title

Section D - Packaging and Marking

1. Payment of Postage and Fees
2. Marking

Section E - Inspection and Acceptance

1. The Role of Government Personnel and
Responsibilities for Contract
Administration
2. Inspection of Services

Section F - Deliveries or Performance

1. Place of Performance
2. Term of the Contract
3. option to Extend the Tern of the
Contract
4. Reporting Requirements
PAGE
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
TITLE
PAGE
Section G - Contract Administration Data

1. Payment

Section H - Special Contract Requirements

1. Identification/Building Pass
2. Security -Clearance Requirements
(Nonclassified Contract)
3. Criminal Liability
4. Standards of Conduct
5. Marking of Equipment -. . .
6. Licensing of Drivers

FART IX - CONTRACT CLAUSES

Section I - Contract Clauses

Contract Clauses
SF 114C - Sale of Government Property
General Sale Terms and Conditions
SF 114C-2 - Sale of Government Property
Special Sealed Bid - Term Conditions

PART III - SECTION J - LIST OF DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS AND
OTHER ATTACHMENTS

Section 3 - List of Attachments

Exhibit 1 - List of Known Service Locations . .
Exhibit 2 - List of Potential Service
Locations
Exhibit 3 - Definitions

PART IV - REPRESENTATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS

Section K - Representations, Certifications, and
Other Statements of Offerers and Quoters

1. Minimum Bid Acceptance Period
2. Representations and Certifications ....
11

-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
TITLE
PAGE
Section L - Instructions, Conditions, and Notices to
Offerers
1. Insurance Requirement
2. Site Visit
3. Qualifications of Offerers
4. Bidder Submissions
Figure L-l - Related Company Experience.
Solicitation Provisions (Sealed Bid) . .

Section M - Evaluation Factors for Award
1. Evaluation of Options ,
2. Formula for Award
3. Contract Award - Sealed Bidding.
111
-------
PART I - THE SCHEDULE

The information collection requirements contained in this
solicitation/contract, that are not required by regulation, have
been approved by the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to
the Paperwork Reduction Act and assigned OMB Control No. 3090-
0163.
-------
PART I
SECTION A - SOLICITATION/CONTRACT FORM
[Insert SF 114, Sale of Government Property - Bid and Award (as •
modified)]
-------
RETURN WITH BIO
SALE OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY— BID AND AWARD
ISSUED BY
INVITATION FOR 80S NO
PAGE NO
FORM APPROVED OME NO
29-R0022 ^
ADDRESS YOUR BlO TO ^H
FOR INFORMATION CONTACT INomt A ul.
BIDS WILL BE OPENED AT i/','iuv. dale jnti t,mti
.(Sealed bids in copy(ies) for purchasing any or all items listed on the accompanying schedule, will be received
at the place designated above until the date and time specified above and at that time publicly opened, subject to: {I) The
General Sale Terms and Conditions, SF 114C, ( edition) and Special Sealed Bid Conditions, SF 114C-1.
( edition) G; Special Sealed Bid-Term Conditions SF 114C-2, ( edition) Q all incorporated iierein
by reference; and such other special terms and conditions D attached or O incorporated herein by reference and identified
as . (Copies of these forms, unless attached hereto, are on file at the
issuing office and will be made available upon request.) (2) BID DEPOSIT Q IS NOT REQUIRED: D IS REQU1 RED
IN AN AMOUNT NOT LESS THAN % OF THE TOTAL BID, MADE PAYABLE TO:
(3) Bidder is required to pay for any or all of the items listed on the Item Bid pugo(s) as part of this Bid. M the pn.x- act
opposite each item, wtthm _ calender days after date of award, and to remove the property within __
calendar days after date of award by the Government.
BIO
-------
PART I

SECTION B - SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICES/COSTS

1. Description of Services. The Contractor shall provide all
management, supervision, labor, materials, supplies and equipment
(except as specifically designated "provided by the Government")
and shall plan, schedule, coordinate and assure effective
completion of all contract requirements described herein.

2, Bid/Offer. [NOTE: In addition to considering situations A
and B below, if market conditions will permit (i.e., if the market
is stable), you may desire a flat unit price bid instead of a
percentage factor. Also, the term of the contract (number of
option periods) can vary depending on local market conditions and
qualified vendor availability.]

[SITUATION A:]

[Use the following if the price of the recyclable material(s)
cannot be determined by a published index:] In order to determine;
stock prices for [insert appropriate recyclable material], the
Government will conduct a market survey with the following end
users on the [insert appropriate day of the month]: [complete as
appropriate]

The Government will divide the total stock prices obtained by
[insert appropriate number in accordance with the above number of
end users surveyed] in order to determine the "average" stock
price for the preceding month. The percentage factor bid under
Part I, Section B, below, will be applied to the "average11 stock
price to determine the unit price. The unit price will be
multiplied by the estimated quantity to arrive at a total price
per recyclable material. The totals will then be added together
to arrive at the aggregate total.

[SITUATION B:]
i

[Use the following if the price of the recyclable material(s) can
be determined by a published index:] In order to determine prices
for [insert appropriate recyclable material], the Government will
use the ^highest announced price quoted in the [insert appropriate
index], on the [insert appropriate day of the month] for the
previous month in which the pickup is accomplished. The
percentage factor bid under Part i, Section B will be applied to
the highest announced price to determine the unit price. The unit
price will be multiplied by the estimated quantity to arrive at a
total price per recyclable material. The totals will then be
added together to arrive at the aggregate total.

[NOTE: For bid purposes, the index value and/or end user survey
value for each type of material covered by this contract should be
clearly stated, valid and fixed at the time of solicitation.]

I-B-1
-------
a. Base Bid for Initial 12 Month Period. A

Bid
Estimated Price
Yearly Weight Per Per [insert
Type of Material [insert pound or ton] pound or ton]

(1) [insert geographical area, or buildings (refer to III.J.I]

(la) [insert appropriate
recyclable material]
(Ib) [insert appropriate
recyclable Material]

(Ic) (insert appropriate
recyclable material]

(2) [insert geographical area]

(2a) [insert appropriate
recyclable material]

(2b) [insert appropriate
recyclable material]

(2c) [insert appropriate
recyclable material]
[MOTE: The above format is based on the use of a flat unit price. If
you use a percentage factor format instead of the unit price format,
your bid sheet should contain an additional column which addresses the
stock price (for bid purposes only) provided by Situation A and/or
Situation B as set forth on page I-B-1. The header for the final
column should then be changed to read "Percentage Bid Per [insert
pound or ton]" instead of "Bid Price Per [insert pound or ton]".]
b. Option Lot I - First Additional 12 Month Period.

[NOTE: insert additional line items, geographical categories and
option years, as appropriate.]
I-B-2
-------
3. Note to Offerers:

a. Offerers are not required to submit a bid for each
geographical area. Instead, offerers have the option to
bid on only one geographical area, more than one
geographical area, or all geographical areas as desired.
However, Offerers must submit a bid for each line item
within a geographical area.

b. This solicitation should be read in its entirety to
ensure that the Offerer is fully cognizant of contract
requirements.

c. Offerers are cautioned to pay particular attention to th|e
definitions provided at.Part III, Section J, Exhibit 3.

d. Contractors should submit an offer for the removal of
recyclable materials at indoor and/or outdoor pickup
points.

e. You must quote a price for the initial 12 month period
and [insert appropriate number] option periods in order
to be considered for award.
I-B-3
-------
PART I

SECTION C - DESCRIPTION/SPECIFICATIONS

General Note: The Contracting Officer and the Contracting Officer's
Representative will hereafter be referred to as the CO and the COR,
respectively.

1. General.

a. This solicitation is for interested parties who wish to submit
offers for the purchase of recyclable materials generated by
Government-owned and Government-operated premises and other locations
in the [insert geographical area].

b. Contractors are invited, urged, and cautioned to inspect the
locations prior to submitting an offer. Potential Offerers should
contact [insert appropriate contact, including address and telephone
number], for an on-site inspection of facilities to be serviced.

2. Scope of Work. The Government shall designate locations from
which the Contractor is to remove accumulations of recyclable
materials. Locations may be vacated or changed or other locations
added, with the actual accumulation of recyclable materials varying in
quality and quantity.

a. Recyclable Materials. The Contractor shall handle, transpo:
and ensure the recycling of all materials intended to be recycled.
Materials intended to be recycled are: [complete as appropriate].
materials that are intended to be recycled (i.e., materials in
recycling containers or otherwise designated by the COR to be recycled)
shall be recycled unless prior approval is received by the CO, or
his/her designee. For example, materials intended to be recycled
cannot be landfilled (or disposed of in any manner other than to
recycle) without prior approval by the CO, or his/her designee. A
verbal request and approval is acceptable. Once a request is received,
the CO, or his/her designee, will respond by close of business the
following work day.

All work shall be coordinated and scheduled through the COR.

Recyclable materials shall not be handled, stored or transported ir, any
manner that promotes a safety or health hazard.

[Optional Insert (paragraph b):]

b. All orders for pickups shall be coordinated by the COR, or
his/her designee(s).
I-C-1
-------
[Optional Insert (paragraph c) if the Contractor is to supply
recycling collection containers:]

c. The Contractor shall furnish all containers utilized for
the receipt and collection of recyclable materials. Containers
provided for recycling shall conform to the following
requirements:

o Containers whose volume^exceeds 10 gallons:

- Construction
* Nonmetallic and/or metal construction.
- Equipped with tight fitting lid, cover or top.
• The lid, cover or top may have opening(s).
Opening(s) in the lid of the container may not exceed 40 percent
of the surface area of the lid.

- Location
- Limited to general office space, lobbies, corridors
and rest rooms.
- Limited to nonsmoking areas.
- Limited to areas where the containers do not
interfere with occupant egress.

o Containers whose volume is less than 10 gallons:

- construction
- Nonmetallic and/or metal construction.
- No lid, cover or top is required.

- Location
- Limited to general office space.
- Limited to nonsmoking areas.
- Limited to areas where the containers do not
interfere with occupant egress.

d. Estimated weights. Estimated weights of the recyclable
materials are based on the best available Government information
at the time of issuance of this solicitation. The Government doe
not guarantee these estimated weights. The Contractor will be
billed by the General Services Administration (GSA) on the actual
weight of recyclable materials removed from the designated pickup
locations.
I-C-2
-------
e. Storage Containers. The Contractor shall provide the
necessary storage containers and other equipment for use in
Government-designated storage areas in sufficient quantities for
the storage of the recyclable material accumulations prior to
removal by the Contractor. Recycling containers shall be free of
residue and any plastic liners shall not be torn, w.orn or contain
residue. Overflow of materials from containers shall be picked up
from the floor of the area used to collect and consolidate the
materials.

(1) Container Type. [Insert any specifics for storage
containers] The COR shall approve all container styles and types
prior to placement.

(2) Container Responsibility. The Contractor shall be
responsible for the delivery, maintenance, and removal of storage
containers and equipment, throughout the contract period. The
Contractor-supplied containers must be kept free from holes,
vermin, or foreign matter which might cause injury, stain clothing
or furniture, and the containers must not emit unpleasant odors.
If any Contractor-provided container emits unpleasant odors, as
identified by the COR, it shall be immediately corrected by the
Contractor at his expense. Failure by the Contractor to take
action to correct containers emitting odors will be grounds for
finding the Contractor in default and could cause the termination
of this contract. (See Section I.) All Contractor supplied
equipment and materials will remain the property of the Contractor
during and subsequent to the contract period.

(3) Container Exclusions. Canvas hampers will not be
provided, delivered or picked up by the Contractor for the purpose
of storage or transporting food and beverage containers (i.e.,
plastic, glass and metal).

(4) Container Placement. The Contractor shall submit
all proposed container locations to the COR, for approval, prior
to placement at each pickup site by the Contractor.

[Insert the following paragraph (3) if recyclable paper is covered
by this contract:]

3. Restriction on Use. Recyclable paper purchased under this
contract shall be used or sold as recyclable paper only. The
Contractor shall not use, allow access to, or offer for resale any
papers, documents, file record material, or any other form of
records as files, records, or for the information contained
therein.
I-C-3
-------
[Optional insert (Paragraph 4) if classified docunents are to be
recycled - this can be made to apply only to specific buildings
and not all, if appropriate]

4- Destruction of Material Covered Under the Privacy Act.
Certain accumulations of recyclable paper sold under this contrac^
will contain classified or confidential information which is
covered by the Privacy Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-579). This
material shall be shredded or pulped at no cost to the Government*
Certification shoving that the material has been destroyed shall
be forwarded to the custodian from where the records were moved
within fifteen (15) days from the receipt of the file record
material.

The Contractor shall install and maintain any equipment necessary
for the destruction of the recyclable paper within the boundaries
of the contract area(s), unless otherwise approved by the CO, or
his/her designee. If temporary storage is necessary, the storage
area shall be securely locked at all times and under the
supervision of the Contractor or its representative. The
Contractor shall be responsible for the security of the recyclable
paper from the time of pickup until it has been destroyed. Any
loss of recyclable paper due to Contractor neglect may result in
termination of this contract. GSA reserves the right to inspect :
the Contractor's destruction equipment and facilities at any time.

Certain lots of material may require destruction under the
supervision of a representative of the holding agency or GSA.
This material shall be taken directly to the Contractor's
destruction facility from the service location in conveyances
sealed by the Government. These conveyances shall be opened only
in the presence of the Government representative at the
Contractor's facility and the contents destroyed without any undue
delay. Pickups requiring a Government representative to be
present for destruction shall be scheduled within his/her normal
duty hours, including travel time.

Any national security information which has been classified under
the provision of Executive Order 12356, or any subsequent order
relating to the classification system for national security
information, shall not be disposed of through the use of this
contract.

a. The Contractor shall supervise the removal,
transportation, weighing, and disposal of the property to ensure
compliance with the terms and conditions of this contract.

b. The Contractor shall be responsible for maintaining
satisfactory standards of employee competency, conduct,
appearance, and integrity. The Contractor shall be responsible
for talcing disciplinary actions with respect to his employees as
may be necessary.

c. The CO may require removal from the job site of
Contractor's employees deemed to be unsuitable or otherwise
objectionable or whose continued employment under the contract is
deemed to be contrary to the public interest or inconsistent with
the best interests of the Government.

6. Delivery, Loading, and Removal of Property. The Contractor
shall accomplish removal of the recyclable materials within the
prescribed time period, as shown under paragraph 6.d. below, and
furnish all necessary labor, materials, and transportation for
loading and removal of the recyclable materials.

a. Normal Pickups. Removal of recyclable materials will
occur during normal operating hours of the holding agency, unless
otherwise defined in this specification. There will be no pickups
required on Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal holidays.

b. Special Pickups. Some locations may have limits on
maximum truck height clearances which will require the Contractor
to verify clearances at each pickup site.

c. Minimum Pickup Quantities. Each building identified in
Part III, Section J, Exhibit 1, will have a minimum of [insert
appropriate minima quantity per each recyclable material - this
•ay vary depending on the market] available for pickup prior to
calling the Contractor for removal. However, the Contractor will
have the option of removing smaller quantities of recyclable
materials with the consent of the COR.

d. .Pickup Schedules. The Contractor shall remove the
recyclable materials within [Insert •Iniaua time frame - this may
vary depending on the market] from the time of notice from the
COR or the holding agency's authorized representative. A
complete listing of holding agency's authorized representatives
will be provided to the Contractor by contract start date.
Failure by the Contractor to remove the recyclable materials
within the time specified or to comply with all other terms of
the contract may result in the Contractor's default in
performance of this contract.

I-C-5
-------
e. Contractor Equipment. The Government will not be held
responsible for damage to the Contractor's equipment. All
Contractor equipment shall be properly maintained by the
Contractor so as to minimize mechanical problems and breakdowns.

f. Transporting Responsibility. All recyclable materials
shall be secured in such a manner by the Contractor as to preven1
such from dropping off the conveyance while being transported.

g. Building Loading Docks. The Contractor shall leave the
service loading area at each building where recyclable materials
are picked up in a clean and orderly condition (see Part III,
Section J, Exhibit 1 for any site specific loading dock
requirements).

7. Contractor Responsibilities for Government Properties.

a. Responsibility for Government Property. The Contractor I
assumes full responsibility for and shall indemnify the Government
against all loss or damage to any and all Government property,
including any equipment, supplies, accessories, or parts furnished
to the Contractor while in the performance of this contract. This
includes repairs or services performed under the terms of this
contract, resulting in whole, or in part, from the negligent acts
or omission* of the Contractor, any subcontractor, or any '
employee, agent, or representative of the Contractor or his
subcontractors.

fc- Hold Harmless and Indemnification Agreement. The
Contractor shall save and hold harmless and indemnify the
Government against any and all liability, claim, and cost of
whatsoever kind and nature for injury to or death of any person or
persons and for loss or damage to any property occurring in
connection with or in any way incident to or arising out of the
occupancy, use, service, operations, or performance of work under
the terms of this contract, resulting in whole or in part from the
negligent acts or omissions of the Contractor, any subcontractor]
or any employee or agent, or representative of the Contractor or
subcontractor.

c. Damage to Government Property from Causes Other than
Contractor'9 Neqliqence. Nothing in paragraphs 7.a. and 7.b.
above, shall be considered to preclude the Government from
receiving the benefit of any insurance the Contractor may carry
which provides for indemnification for loss or destruction of ori
damage to property in the custody and care of the Contractor whejre
such loss, or destruction of, or damage to, Government property is
not the fault of the Contractor. Upon request of the CO, the
Contractor shall, at the Contractor's expense, furnish to the
Government all reasonable assistance and cooperation (including
assistance in the prosecution of suit and execution of instruments
of assignments in favor of the Government) in obtaining recoveryj.
I-C-6
-------
8. Monthly Billing Procedures.

a. Calculations for Monthly Statements. The Contractor will
be billed by GSA and payment will be made by the Contractor on a
monthly basis. The GSA Accounts Receivable Branch (6BCR) will
send a statement to the Contractor for the total net weight of all
property removed during the billing period from the using agency.
A billing price per [insert ton or pound] will be determined for
each type of recyclable material removed during that month using
the procedure outlined in paragraph "b" below.

b. Unit Pricing.

[SITUATION »:]

[Use the following if the price of the recyclable Material(s)
cannot be determined by a published index:] In order to determine
stock prices for [insert appropriate recyclable material], the
Government will conduct a market survey with the following end
users on the first [insert appropriate weekday] of each month:
[complete as appropriate]

The Government will divide the total stock prices obtained by
[insert appropriate number in accordance; with the above number of
end users surveyed] in order to determine the "average" stock
price for the preceding month. The percentage factor bid under
Part I, Section B, will be applied to the "average1* stock price in
order to determine the bid price per pound and/or ton, for the
previous month in which the pickup is accomplished.

[SITUATION B:]

[Use the following if the price of the recyclable material(s) can
be determined by a published index:] In order to determine prices
for [Insert appropriate recyclable material], the Government will
multiply the appropriate percentage figure found under Part I,
Section B, by the highest announced price quoted in the [insert
appropriate Index], on the first [insert appropriate weekday] of
each month, for the previous month in which the pickup is
accomplished.

[The following paragraph (c) is optional.]

c. Minimum Monthly Billing Amounts. [The purpose of this
clause Is so the Government will not have to pay if the Contractor
submits a claim because that particular market has a negative
published Index price. Therefore, this would only apply if the
material removed or sold is of a higher quality than the market
index (e.g., if the market index is mixed paper, but the material
removed or sold is actually partially composed of higher grade

I-C-7

-------
paper.)] Regardless of the market conditions, the Government will
not bill the Contractor less than $[insert appropriate amount per
ton or pound for each recyclable material].

d. Determining Net Weight for Payment: The net weight per
ticket will normally be determined by first weighing the loaded
truck (gross weight) and then subtracting both the weight of the
truck itself (tare weight) and the weight of any containers
(container weight).
Net Weight

Tare Weight
Gross Weight less Container Weight.

Weight of the empty truck.
Gross Weight - Total Weight of the tare weight plus
the weight of the truck's load.

Container Weight - Weight of any hampers, carts, trays
or pallets used to contain the recyclable materials.

e. Receipt and Verification. The Contractor shall identify
all recyclable materials by type (and grade, if appropriate) and
quantity (i.e., number of containers ind/or weight) prior to beinjj
transported from the facility(s). Receipts for all materials
shall be obtained immediately by the Contractor upon transfer of
the materials to a recycling vendor.

Receipts shall identify all materials by type (and grade, if
appropriate), quantity and price paid for each. Records of what
was transported from the facility(s) and receipts obtained shall
be made available to the COR upon request. The method of
identifying materials prior to transportation from the
facility(s), obtaining receipts and keeping records of these
transactions shall be approved by the CO, or his/her designee,
prior to starting work.

[A procedure such as the following (f) can be used:]

f. Weighing Procedures. The Contractor shall weigh the
recyclable materials within a maximum period of 24 hours after
removal from the holding agency's building, excluding weekends anjd
Federal holidays.
i
(1) Weighing shall be performed on Government scales
whenever available. If Government scales are not available, the
Contractor shall arrange for ind pay all expenses for weighing th|e
recyclable materials on certified scales or other scales
acceptable to the CO.
I-C-8
-------
(2) All Contractor trucks shall be weighed empty enroute
to the designated pickup location and weighed again when loaded on
return from the pickup location. These weights shall be recorded
on the Recyclable Material Delivery Order Ticket by the
weighmaster and supported by a certified scale ticket for each
weighing.

(3) If a truck contains more than one type of recyclable
container, the description and weight of each container shall be
recorded on the Recyclable Delivery Order Ticket. The appropriate
Recyclable Delivery Order Ticket number shall be stated on all
scale tickets.

(4) A Recyclable Notarial Delivery Order Ticket shall be
completed in original plus 4 copies for each pickup location. The
Contractor shall indicate on the ticket his name, contract number,
truck number, date, and container pickup location. At the pickup
location, the Government representative shall record the type of
material, based on his/her visual observation, and the number and
types of containers. Both the authorized Government
representative and the Contr ctor shall sign the ticket upon its
completion and the Contractc - shall leave copy A and copy 5 with
the Government representativ:.

(5) The Government representative shall submit copy 4 of
the signed Recyclable Material Delivery Order Ticket to [insert
COR's appropriate title (nar.-: can be used, but it may change over
the term of the contract) ar ' address], within twenty-one (21)
days after removal and shall retain copy 5 for agency records.
Copy 1, 2 and 3 shall be sirred and noted or stamped with the date
and hour by the weighmaster rubsequent to the weighing of the
loaded truck. The Contractor shall send the original copy (copy
i) and COPY 2, along with tl -: appropriate scale tickets to the
above address within twenty-one (21) days after removal and shall
retain copy 3 for its records. THE INFORMATION ON EACH RECYCLABLE
DELIVERY ORDER TICKET MUST BE COMPLETE TO ENSURE PROPER BILLING.

(6) The Contractor shall be accountable for the
Recyclable Material Delivery Order Ticket once it is received by I
him or his representative. If a ticket is voided or lost, the
Contractor shall furnish the CO with the voided ticket or a
written explanation for the lost ticket. Failure by the
Contractor to provide the CO with a satisfactory explanation for
the lost ticket or continued loss of tickets may result in actions
taken against the Contractor to recover monies and expenses due to
the voided or lost Recyclable Material Delivery order Tickets.

g. Contractor's Payment; The Contractor shall make full
payment as prescribed in Section G.
I-C-9
-------
h. Adjustment of Billing to the Contractor; The Contractor
shall have 15 days from the invoice date to request any adjustment
to his bill. A written letter, along with a copy of the invoice,
shall be forwarded to [insert appropriate address]. No request
for adjustment shall be accepted after this period.

9. Title. Title to the recyclable materials sold under this
contract shall vest in the contractor when removal is effected.
I-C-10
-------
PART I

SECTION D - PACKAGING AND MARKING

1. Payment of Postage and Fees. All postage and fees related to
submitting information, including forms, reports, etc., to the CO
or the COR shall be paid by the Contractor.

2. Marking. All information submitted to the CO or the COR
shall clearly indicate the contract number of the contract for
which the information is being submitted.
I-D-l
-------
PART I
1.
SECTION E - INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

The Role of Government Personnel and Responsibilities for
Contract Administration.
*• Contracting Officer (CO). The CO has the overall
responsibility for the administration of this contract. The CO
alone, without delegation, is authorized to take actions on behalf
of the Government to amend, modify, or deviate from the contract
terms, conditions, requirements, specifications, details and/or
delivery schedules. However, the CO may delegate certain other
responsibilities to the CO's authorized representative.

b. Contracting Officer's Representative (COR).

[insert appropriate contact, including address and
telephone minber]

is designated to assist the CO in the discharge of the CO's
responsibilities when the CO is unable to be directly in touch
with the contract work. The responsibilities of the COR include,
but are not limited to: determining the adequacy of performance
by the Contractor in accordance with the terms and conditions of
this contract, taking into account any reports from the using
agencies designated representatives; acting as liaison between thi
Contractor and using agencies, when necessary; ensuring compliant
with the contract requirements through periodic visits to the
Contractor's facilities; assisting in the resolution of any issues
that arise with regard to Contractor performance; and, advising
the CO of any factors which may prevent performance of work.

[the following (paragraph c) is an optional clause for use if a
user agency is to have direct contact with the Contractor]

c. Using Agency Designated Representative. Unless otherwis^
specified. Government agencies using this contract have primary
responsibility for the administration of the contract as it
applies to the agency. As such,, the using agency designated
representative is the individual appointed by the COR as its
authorized agent responsible for ensuring that all contract
requirements are carried out as specified in the contract. The
using agency designated representative's responsibilities include
responsibility for the administration of the contract as it
applies to the agency, (i.e., placing pickup orders directly with
the Contractor); inspecting, accepting, or rejecting the services
performed; advising the CO, or the COR, of deficiencies in orders
for material pickup; and, advising the CO, or the COR, of
Contractor performance problems and any actions taken resulting
from reported problems.
I-E-1
-------
2. Inspection of Services.

(a) Definitions. "Services," as used in this clause,
includes services performed, workmanship, and material furnished
or utilized in the performance of services.

(b) The Contractor shall provide and maintain an inspection
system acceptable to the Government covering the services under
this contract. Complete records of all inspection work performed
by the Contractor shall be maintained and made available to the
Government during contract performance and for as long afterwards
as the contract requires.

(c) The Government has the right to inspect and test all
services called for by the contract, to the extent.practicable at
all 'times and places during the term of the contract. The
Government shall perform inspections and tests in a manner that
will not unduly delay the work.

(d) If any of the services do not conform with contract
requirements, the Government may require the Contractor to perform
the services again in conformity with contract requirements, at no
cost to the Government.

(e) If the Contractor fails to promptly perform the services
again or to take the necessary action to ensure future performance
in conformity with contract requirements, the Government may (1)
by contract or otherwise, perform the services and charge to the
Contractor any cost incurred by the Government that is directly
related to the performance of such service or (2) terminate the
contract for default.
I-E-2
-------
PART I
SECTION F - DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE

1. Place of Performance. This contract, once effective, shall
provide service to the locations identified in Part III, section
J, Exhibit 1. [insert the following, if appropriate: Potential
service locations under this contract are identified at Part III,
Section J, Exhibit 2. Services may be required at these locations
at some future time, either during the initial 12 month contract
period or any options periods, and will be incorporated into the
contract as required. The locations added to the contract will b
designated by the CO only. The Contractor will be notified in
writing of locations being added, the effective date that pickups
are to start, and the name of the using agency's authorized
representative.]

2. Term of the Contract. After award, the successful bidder
will be given a written notice to proceed, and shall provide
contractual services for a one (1) year period commencing on the
day specified in the notice to proceed. Work under this contract
is expected to commence on or about [insert appropriate date].
The Notice to Proceed will provide for at least [insert
appropriate time frame] days preparation time before commencement
of the work.

3. Option to Extend the Term of the Contract.

a. The Government shall have the unilateral option of
extending the term of this contract for [insert appropriate
number] consecutive additional periods of twelve (12) months each

b. The Government may extend the term of this contract undetr
the same terms and conditions by written notice to the Contract or |;
provided, that the Government shall give the Contractor a
preliminary written notice of its intent to extend at least 60 ,
days before the contract expires. The preliminary notice does no|t
commit the Government to an extension.

c. If the Government exercises this option, the extended
contract shall be considered to include this option provision.

d. The total duration of this contract, including the
exercise of any options under this clause, shall not exceed
[insert appropriate number] months.

4. Reporting Requirements. All reports, schedules, plans,
receipts, tickets, or any other submittals provided by the
Contractor are subject to approval by the CO or COR.
I-F-l

-------
PART I

SECTION G - CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA
1. Payment.. The Contractor shall make payments on a monthly
basis in arrears upon receipt of a monthly statement from the
General Services Administration (GSA), Accounts Receivable Branch.
Payment shall be due within fifteen (15) calendar days from the
billing date following the period for which services were
performed by the Contractor. In the event this contract begins or
ends during the month, Contractor's payments will be for
statements rendered to date. It is the objective of the
Government to obtain complete and satisfactory performance in
accordance with the terms of the specifications and requirements
of this contract. In the event the Government is required to have
another Contractor come in and perform contract requirements, as a
result of the Contractor's nonperformance, the Contractor will be
responsible for any and all additional costs generated as a result
of his nonperformance.

Any inquiries regarding Contractor's monthly payment to the
Government shall be directed to the following:

General Services Administration
Accounts Receivable Branch (6BCRC)
1500 East Bannister Road
Kansas, MO 64131-3088
Telephone: (816) 926-7552

Payments must be made in the form of cash, traveler's checks,
certified checks, cashier's checks, postal or commercial money
orders (including Canadian postal money orders designed for
payment in the United States which are acceptable in U.S. dollars
at the stated face value), Federal Home Loan Bank Money orders,
properly endorsed Government checks (Federal, state, or local),
irrevocable commercial letters of credit, Master Card and Visa
Credit or any combination of the above. Uncertified personal or
business checks are unacceptable.

[INSERT'LANGUAGE SPECIFIC TO THE ITEM DESCRIPTION'S MARKET VALUE
DETERMINATION AND ANY OTHER FACTORS HAVING A BEARING ON THIS
MATTER, INCLUDING SITUATIONS IN WHICH A NEGATIVE MARKET VALUE
OCCURS.]

Full payment must be made within fifteen (15) calendar days from
the date of billing. If full payment is not made within the days
specified, on the sixteenth (16th) calendar day forward interest
will begin to be charged in accordance with the clause entitled
"Interest" in Part II, Section I.

l-G-l
-------
PART I

SECTION H - SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS

[The first two paragraphs are optional (#1 and 2) and may not nee£
to be inserted if the Contractor will not enter any of the
facilities - this can be made to apply to specific buildings and
not all, if appropriate.]

1. Identification/Building Pass. The Contractor shall see that
every nev employee has a GSA/Contractor identification/building
pass before the employee enters on duty. GSA personnel,
designated by the COR, shall furnish and fill out these passes
using GSA Form 15, Building Pass. The Contractor and the COR
shall sign each pass issued. The Contractor shall see that all
passes are returned to the COR as his employees are dismissed or
terminated, and when the contract expires. All passes must
contain an expiration date.

The Contractor shall see that all employees carry their passes
with them during duty hours and show them upon request. The COR
or other GSA personnel designated by him shall periodically verif
passes of Contractor employees with their personal identification

2. Security Clearance Requirements (Nonclassified contract).
Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor will submit to the COR
at least 5 work days before the starting date of the contract, one-
completed Form FD-258, "Fingerprint Chart" and one completed GSA
Form 176, "Statement of Personal History" for the Contractor and
all employees who have access to the building in performance of
the contract work.

These forms will be submitted for replacement employees before
entrance on duty. Necessary forms will be furnished by the
Government. If the CO receives an unsuitable report on any
employee after processing of the forms, or if the COR finds a
prospective employee to be unsuitable or unfit for his assigned
duties, the Contractor shall be advised immediately that such
employee cannot continue to work or be assigned to work under the
contract.

For employees cleared through this process while employed by a
Contractor who is subsequently replaced by another Contractor in
the same building, the new Contractor shall only be required to
submit another set of these forms if the employee has not been
cleared within the last 3 years, or if required by the COR. All
contract employees are required to be cleared every 3 years.
I-H-1
-------
The Government shall have and exercise full and complete control
over granting, denying, withholding or terminating clearances for
employees. The Government may, as it deems appropriate, authorize
and grant temporary clearance to employees of the Contractor.
However, the granting of a temporary clearance to any such
employee shall not be considered as assurance that full clearance
will follow as a result or condition thereof, and the granting of
either temporary or full clearance shall in no way prevent,
preclude or bar the withdrawal or termination of any such
clearance by the Government.

3. Criminal Liability

It is understood that disclosure of information relating to the
work or services hereunder to any person not entitled to receive
it, or failure to safeguard any classified information as defined
in Executive Order Number 11652 that may come to the Contractor or
any person under the Contractor's control in connection with the
work under this contract, may subject the Contractor, his agents
or employees to criminal liability under Title 18, Section 793,
794, and 798 of the United States Code.

4. Standards of Conduct

The Contractor shall be responsible for maintaining satisfactory
standards of employee competency, conduct, appearance, and
integrity and shall be responsible for taking such disciplinary
action with respect to his employees as may be necessary.

5. • Marking of Equipment

Trucks and containers shall be clearly marked with the
Contractor's company name or logo.

6. Licensing of Drivers

Truck drivers are required to carry a valid drivers license that
meets all state and local requirements.
I-H-2
-------
PART II
SECTION I - CONTRACT CLAUSES

[The CO im responsible for including, in full text, the followin
clauses current at the time of solicitation without the FAR
references cited. An example of this is included, in full text,
as set forth in this section.

1. 52.202-1, Definitions

2. 52.214-29, 52.215-33, Order of Precedence

3. 52.203-3, Gratuities

4. 52.203-5, Covenant Against Contingent Fees

5. 52.222-1, Notice to the Government of Labor Disputes

6. 52.237-2, Protection of Government Buildings, Equipment, and
Vegetation

7. 52.232-17, Interest

8. 52.233-1, Disputes

9. 52.228-5, Insurance - Work on a Government Installation

10. 52.249-8, Default

11. 52.209-6, Protecting the Government's Interests when
Subcontracting with Contractors Debarred, Suspended, or Proposed
for Debarment.]

12. SF 114C, Sale of Government Property General Sale Terms and
Conditions

13. SF 114C-2, Sale of Government Property Special Sealed Bid -
Term Conditions

[NOTE: The Affirmative Action for Special Disabled and Vietnam i
Era Veterans Clause (52.222-35), Employment Reports on Special
Disabled Veterans and Veterans of the Vietnam Era (52.222-37), and
the Equal Opportunity clause (52.222-26) and related
certifications (52.222-21, 52.222-22, and 52.222-25) should be I
included (without citations) if the contract will involve paymenjts
to GSA in excess of $10,000 and the Contractor will perform an
appreciable amount of work under the terms and conditions of the
contract. The same rule would apply to the Affirmative Action for
Handicapped Workers clause (52.222-36) except that the dollar
threshold of $2,500 applies instead of $10,000. All of these
requirements may be waived by the Secretary of Labor.]

II-I-l
-------
1. DEFINITIOKS

(a) "CO" means a person with the authority to enter into,
administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related
determinations and findings. The term includes certain authorized
representatives of the CO acting within the limits of their
authority as delegated by the CO.

(b) Except as otherwise provided in this contract, the term
"subcontracts" includes, but is not limited to, purchase orders
and changes and modifications to purchase orders under this
contract.

2. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

Any inconsistency in this solicitation or contract .shall be
resolved by giving precedence in the following order: (a) the
Schedule (excluding the specifications); (b) representations and
other instructions; (c) contract clauses; (d) other documents,
exhibits, and attachments; and (e) the specifications.

3. GRATUITIES

(a) The right of the Contractor to proceed may be terminated
by written notice if, after notice and hearing, the agency head or
a designee determines that the Contractor, its agent, or another
representative—

(1) Offered or gave a gratuity (e.g., an entertainment
or gift) to an officer, official, or employee of the Government;
and

(2) Intended, by the gratuity, to obtain a contract or
favorable treatment under a contract.

(b) The facts supporting this determination may be reviewed
by any court having lawful jurisdiction.

(1) To pursue the same remedies as in a breach of the
contract; and

(d) The rights and remedies of the Government provided in
this clause shall not be exclusive and are in addition to any
other rights and remedies provided by law or under this contract.
II-I-2
-------
o
4. COVENANT AGAINST CONTINGENT FEES

(a) The Contractor warrants that no person or agency has
been employed or retained to solicit or obtain this contract upcn
an agreement or understanding for a contingent fee, except a bora
fide employee or agency. For breach or violation of this
warranty, the Government shall have the right to annul this i
contract without liability or, in its discretion, to deduct from
the contract price or consideration, or otherwise recover, *•**» I
full amount of the contingent fee.
the
(b) "Bona fide agency," as used in this clause, means an
established commercial or selling agency, maintained by the
contractor for the purpose of securing business, that neither
exerts nor proposes to exert improper influence to solicit or
obtain Government contracts nor holds itself out as "being able t}o
obtain any Government contract or contracts through improper
influence.

"Bona fide employee," as used in this clause, means a person1,
employed by a contractor and subject to the contractor's
supervision and control as to time, place, and manner of
performance, who neither exerts nor proposes to exert improper
influence to solicit or obtain Government contracts nor holds out
as being able to obtain any Government contract or contracts
through improper influence.

"Contingent fee," as used in this clause, means any
commission, percentage, brokerage, or other fee that is
contingent upon the success that a person or concern has in
securing a Government contract.

"Improper influence," as used in this clause, means any
influence that induces or tends to induce a Government employee
or officer to give consideration or to act regarding a Government
contract on any basis other than the merits of the matter.
5.
NOTICE TO THE GOVERNMENT OF LABOR DISPUTES
(a) If the Contractor has knowledge that any actual or
potential labor dispute is delaying or threatens to delay the
timely performance of this contract, the Contractor shall
immediately give notice, including all relevant information, to
the CO.
II-I-3
-------
(b) The Contractor agrees to insert the substance of this
clause, including this paragraph (b), in any subcontract to which
a labor dispute nay delay the timely performance of this contract;
except that each subcontract shall provide that in the event its
timely performance is delayed or threatened by delay by any actual
or potential labor dispute, the subcontractor shall immediately
notify the next higher tier subcontractor or the prime Contractor,
as the case may be, or all relevant information concerning the
dispute.

6. PROTECTION OF GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT, AND VEGETATION
(Applies when services are performed on Government installation.) '

The Contractor shall use reasonable care to avoid damaging
existing buildings, equipment, and vegetation on the Government
installation. If the Contractor's failure to" use reasonable care
causes damage to any of this property, the Contractor shall
replace or repair the damage at no expense to the Government as
the CO directs. If the Contractor fails or refuses to make such
repair or replacement, the Contractor shall be liable for the
cost.

7. INTEREST

(a) Notwithstanding any other clause of this contract, all
amounts that become payable by the Contractor to the Government
under this contract (net of any applicable tax credit under the
Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. 1481)) shall bear simple
interest from the date due until paid unless paid within 30 days
of becoming due. The interest rate shall be the interest rate
established by the Secretary of the Treasury as provided in
Section 12 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-
563), which is applicable to the period in which the amount
becomes due, as provided in paragraph (b) of this clause, and
then at the rate applicable for each six-month period as fixed by
the Secretary until the amount is paid.

(b) Amounts shall be due at the earliest of the following
dates:

(1) The date fixed under this contract.

(2) The date of the first written demand for payment
consistent with this contract, including any demand resulting
from a default termination.

(3) The date the Government transmits to the Contractor
a proposed supplemental agreement to confirm completed
negotiations establishing the amount of debt.
II-I-4
-------
(4) If this contract provides for revision of prices,
the date of written notice to the Contractor stating the amount
of refund payable in connection with a pricing proposal or a
negotiated pricing agreement not confirmed by contract
modification.

8. DISPUTES

(a) This contract is subject to the Contract Disputes Act of
1978 (41 U.S.C. 601-613) (the Act).

(b) Except as provided in the Act all disputes arising unde
or relating to this contract shall be resolved under this clause.

(c) "Claim," as used in this clause, means a written demand
or written assertion by one of the contracting parties seeking, a(s
a matter of right, the payment of money in a certain sum, the
adjustment or interpretation of contract terms, or other relief
arising under or relating to this contract. A claim arising unde
a contract, unlike a claim relating to that contract, is a claim
that can be resolved under a contract clause that provides for th
relief sought by the claimant. However, a written demand or
written assertion by the Contractor seeking the payment of money
exceeding $50,000 is not a claim under the Act until certified as
required by subparagraph (d)(2) below. A voucher, invoice, or
other routine requests for payment that is not in dispute when
submitted is not a claim under the Act. The submission may be
converted to a claim under the Act, by complying with the
submission and certification requirements of this clause, if it ijs
disputed either as to liability or amount or is not acted upon in|
a reasonable time.

(d) (1) A claim by the Contractor shall be made in writing
and submitted to the CO for a written decision. A claim by the
Government against the Contractor shall be subject to written
decision by the CO.

(2) For Contractor claims exceeding $50,000, the
Contractor shall submit with the claim a certification that —

(i) The claim is made in good faith;

(ii) Supporting data are accurate and complete to the
best of the Contractor's knowledge and belief; and

(iii) The amount requested accurately reflects the
contract adjustment for which the Contractor believes the
Government is liable.

(3)(i) If the Contractor is an individual, the
certification shall be executed by that individual.

II-I-5
-------
(ii) If the Contractor is not an individual, the
certification shall be executed by:

(A) A senior company official in charge at the
Contractor's plant or location involved; or

(B) An officer or general partner of the
Contractor having overall responsibility for the conduct of the
Contractor's affairs.

(e) For Contractor claims of $50,000 or less, the CO must,
if requested in writing by the Contractor, render a decision
within 60 days of the request. For Contractor-certified claims
over $50,000, the CO must, within 60 days, decide the claim or
notify the Contractor of the date by which the decision will be
made.

(f) The CD's decision shall be final unless the Contractor
appeals or files a suit as provided in the Act.

(g) The Government shall pay interest on the amount found
due and unpaid from (1) the date the CO receives the claim
(properly certified if required), or (2) the date payment
otherwise would be due, if that date is later, until the date of
payment. Simple interest on claims shall be paid at the rate,
fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury as provided in the Act,
which is applicable to the period during which the CO receives the
claim and then at the rate applicable for each 6-month period as
fixed by the Treasury Secretary during the pendency of the claim.

(h) The Contractor shall proceed diligently with performance
of this contract, pending final resolution of any request for
relief, claim, appeal, or action arising under the contract, and
comply with any decision of the CO.

9. INSURANCE - WORK ON A GOVERNMENT INSTALLATION

(a) The Contractor shall, at its own expense, provide and
maintain during the entire performance of this contract, at least
the kinds and minimum amounts of insurance required in the
Schedule or elsewhere in the contract.

(b) Before commencing work under this contract, the
Contractor shall certify to the CO in writing that the required
insurance has been obtained. The Policies evidencing required
insurance shall contain an endorsement to the effect that any
cancellation or any material change adversely affecting the
Government's interest shall not be effective (1) for such period
as the laws of the State in which this contact is to be performed
prescribe, or (2) until 30 days after the insurer or the
Contractor gives written notice to the CO, whichever period is
longer.

II-I-6
-------
(c) The Contractor shall insert the substance of this
clause, including this paragraph (c), in subcontracts under this
contract that require work on a Government installation and shall
require subcontractors to provide and maintain the insurance
required in the Schedule or elsewhere in the contract. The
Contractor shall maintain a copy of all subcontractors' proofs of
required insurance, and shall make copies available to the CO up oik
request.

10. Default.

(a)(1) The Government nay, subject to paragraphs (c) and (d;
below, by written notice of default to the Contractor, terminate
this contract in whole or in part if the Contractor fails to:

(i) Remove the property within the time specified
or any extension thereof or make payment within the time
required; or,

(ii) Make progress, so as to endanger performance of
this contract (but see subparagraph (a)(2) below); or,

(iii) Perform any of the other provisions of this
contract (but see subparagraph (a)(2) below).

(2) The Government's right to terminate this contract
under subdivision (1)(i) above, may be exercised if the
Contractor does not cure such failure within 24 hours after
receipt of the notice from the Contracting Officer specifying thi
failure. The Government's right to terminate this contract under
subdivisions (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) above, may be exercised if the
Contractor does not cure such failure within 10 days (or more if
authorized in writing by the Contracting Officer) after receipt
of the notice from the Contracting Officer specifying the
failure.

(b) In the event the government terminates this contract in
whole or in part, it may sell the property covered by this
contract to another purchaser and have the terminated portion of
the contract performed by contract or otherwise under such terms
and in such manner as the Contracting Officer may deem
appropriate. The Contractor and its surety shall be liable for
any loss occasioned the Government by such termination.

(c) Except for defaults of subcontractors at any .tier, the
Contractor shall not be liable for any excess costs if the
failure to perform the contract arises from causes beyond the
control and without the fault or negligence of the Contractor.

Examples of such causes include (1) acts of God 'or of the public
enemy, (2) acts of the Government in either its sovereign or
contractual capacity, (3) fires, (4) floods, (5) epidemics, (6)
I1-I-7
-------
quarantine restrictions, (7) strikes, (8) freight embargoes, and
(9) urn ually severe weather. In each instance the failure to
perfort aust beyond the control and without the fault or
negligence of the contractor.

(d) If the failure to perform is caused by the default of a
subcontractor at any tier, and if the cause of the default is
beyond the control of both the Contractor and subcontractor, and
without the fault or negligence of either, the Contractor shall
not be liable for any excess costs for failure to perform.

(e) If, after termination, it is determined that the
Contractor was not in default, or that the default was excusable,
the rights and obligations of the parties shall be the same as if
the termination had been issued for the convenience of the
Government.

(f) The rights and remedies of the Government in this clause
are in addition to any other rights and remedies provided by law
or under this contract.

11. Protecting the Government's Interests when Subcontracting with
Contractors Debarred. Suspended, or Proposed for Debarment.

The Government suspends or debars Contractors to protect the
Government's interests. Contractors shall not enter into any
subcontract equal to or in excess of $25,000 with a Contractor
that has been debarred, suspended, or proposed for debarment (see
FAR 9.404 for information on the list of Parties Excluded from
Procurement Programs), a corporate officer or designee of the
Contractor shall notify the contracting Officer, in writing,
before entering into such subcontracts. The notice must include
the following:

(a) The name of the subcontractor;

(b) The Contractor's knowledge of the reasons for the
subcontractor being on the list of Parties Excluded from
Procurement Programs;

(c) The compelling reason(s) for doing business with the
subcontractor notwithstanding its inclusion on the list of
Parties Excluded from Procurement Programs; and

(d) The systems and procedures the Contractor has
established to ensure that it is fully protecting the
Government's interests when dealing with such subcontractor in
view of the specific basis for the party's debarment, suspension,
or proposed debarment.
II-I-8
-------
DO NOT RETURN WITH MO
SALi OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY
GENERAL SALE TERMS AND CONDITIONS
INVITATION FOR BIDS NO.
PACE
i INSPECTION.
2. CONDITION AND LOCATION OF PROPERTY.

Unless otherwise provided in ihe Invitation, all property lilted therein
is offered for sale 'a» i»" ami "where »." Unless otherwise provided in
the Invitation, the Government iiiakei no warranty, express or implied. as
to quantity, kind, character. quality. wi-tKht. *uv, or deacripoon of any of
il»e property, or ia liutcu for any u*c i»r purputv. Except ai provided tn
Conditions No. 12 and 14 or other special conditions ul the Invitation. no
request for adjustment in price- ..f u»r rescission of the sale will be
considered. Tbu a att a tab bj am file.

i, CONSIDERATION Of BIDS.
ussiest otherwise provided m the Invitaoon, telegraphic
phonic Bhsiwill not be considered. _^*
(b> The BMt^r agrees thai ln> bid will not be witMrpm within the
period 01 tune >pc>S(ed lur ihe oiii-puute thereof (yawing the opening
*Hjqlej>s otherwise prbvuleU
quirnTbytt^he Invitation) ono luyrnvnti shall be i"
form of creaiNtittruments <»licr than promissory j«ei,
the Invitation, bid deposiu (wh
ur any
p«y«ble on
n, . „ .
c.ivciu will u-"bli- l.irni ut' bid depositwssjyment. Bids
^ the etfuciivi- dutc tpeviiicJ in the w(iitenrtoti{jcaiioii
io which are n»t accompanied by (he properly bid depositwHMic
ily reicctcJ. . ^^

DID PRICIi ULTERMI NATION.

bul> are solicited on a unx price bwus. Bidden will in
touJ price* ui the >PHCC provided for ejschj
In truTSv^u! the bidder uucri» a "Hal price unh^licm but fails to
totai prupon me >uuu • ,.^v —™ .»_..«. _. _...._ .s
should luyxrlSVt; ^ny entry m the Unit Price Did colutlN^ln die event a
a toul bid prn.c uid alto a unit bid priciTwlM^jare not
i, the unit bid price will not be considered. ^**NlsS|^

ti PAYMENT.

^•^be Purchaser aiirees to pay tor property awarded to him in accon
»ittithw^j^rii.L-i quoted in hi> Iml Suhiru to any adj
punuani tu&«4^r i>rovinona »f chi> t,un(rai;t, payment yt>**full purchase
... - ....._(
-
I, removal, and tnnsponaiion of property. Thi
: jftovern-
}user and
s jecified by thoC**^rnment or by (he Bidder, toS^ept any one item or
group of itpurtin ihe bid. j* may be in the boks^ntemt of the
GovermaCfU. Unless the Inviiauun txherwue providei, r*id covenng
any^ilwd item must be iiibnuued (Mi the basis of the unit spccuitw*(pr dial
^leni and musi cover the total number o«' units desifnaced for ihaimb
4. FORMS OF BID DEPOSITS AND PAYMENTS. ^
»»T I
mem will not act as liaison in any fashion between the Purcji
earner, nd* will the Government recommend a specific comn
Loading will only be performed as set forth in (he Inviiaiioy, (uuj unicw
otherwise provided in the Invitation, loading will not be>peKormcd un
Saturdays, Sundays. Federal holidays, or any day (hat/tie installation
where the propVty is located is closed. Where it n yfuvideU thai val or any additional tune
(O thu tlauw,
which it may have, may require (he I
charge. The Purchaser
damage to Government property's
HIS by (he Purchaser or his authorized
(c) Items purchased under the Invitation will be
Pun halt i o/his authorized representative. The authorized
must furnswi avihurizaiuxi fnim the Purchaser to the Cus>i<
lion bcture any delivery or release will be
is described as being boxed, packed, crated, skidt
the Governmeni does not warrant that the
i* suitable tor shipment.
) Segregation, culling, or selection of property for the
ffecting partial or increment removals will not be permitted
ifkally authorized and prescribed by the Government

9. DEFAULT.

^after the award, the Purchaser breachn (he tontraci by
within the tune allowed by (he contract as r
6, or by failure to remove (he properr
Condition NoTVtdjen the Governmeni niay tend
-r*
within (he pres^rfCvd period(i) of time, the Gove
10 reiain>OTcollec() at liviuidated damages a sum
(a^Wfercent of the purcluw price of the uenMst a> to
xtfat occurred, or Ib) 12), or (he purchase price of sucn
shall be entitled
17*
(TERMS AND CONDITIONS COMPLETELY REVISED)
- -^ i ««c
ftivtskot-M
-------
purchase price it le» than S^i 1'ioiiUni. Thai in the event of mulugtf
awtadj of items under j uuglc Invitation lor Bids, the anKMHyHo be
chargi-asd'ihe minimum charge provided for in (b) aboveuntfpplicable,
shall be detbcquneii by the total pun.ha»e price reflettsjsrin die award
documents: mJisW/MM/W. I'hai iUc iiiaiimurnxrfi which may be
recovered by the GoHcnrneni *» dainatjcs lorkuiure of the Purchaser to
pay for and remove im:vx"l*'r|Y »lwll hrf*ihe formula amount. The
Government shall >pc*iJa Jly!JH^c'>*^rchaser, either in »i original
notice CM*default (or m separate tt^XlK-J liTr^k^rinji the default, (he formula
amount will be retiuncJLX*T.'ll>.iiL->h by ntfr^overnment as liquidated
damages. However^ktfic )>r»i>vii) wa* »>ld miPSier lot" busts and (he
Purchaser remuyeVa pomou .11 ilu. l..i but fails uch remedies ai ore provhtrd
Jfylaw or under the coutfat.1 ^S^

10. SETOFF Of REFUNDS.

The Bidder or Purchaser asjn.i-» tlui ihe selling agency may use all or a
portion of any bid deposit or rttuiKl m>r transactions with the Government.

It. INTEREST.
contract, including applicable performance requirements, shall be binding
on the Government unless furnished or agreed to. in writing, by tht
Contracting Officer or hu designated representative.

17. COVENANT AGAINST CONTINGENT FEES.

Nq> The Purchaser warrants that no person or agency hu been
ployed or retained to solicit or obtain this contract upon an agrei-imi
underukoding for a contingent fee. except a bona fide wnDtsfv.n; or
agency. Poxbrvach or violation of this wairanty, the C
have the rt^nvjo annul (hu contract without liability or,
to deduct frufliSbv lomract price or consideration, or u
(he full amount JNhe coutitigvnt tee.
(b) "Bona fide JK^CX." as used m this c..
commercial or selling agency, maintained by a
of securing business, that neiiher exerts nor '
>tult
discretion.
recover,
an
for the
froposn to exert improper
rthajer
TO
until

12. ADJUSTMENT rOU VARIATION IN QUANTITY OR
WEIGHT.

Unless otherwise provided m trw Invitation, when properly is sold by a
unit other than "weight," the Government reserves the right to vary the
quantity jendered or delivered to the l»urchaser by 10 percent; when die
property u sold by "weight,' the Government reserves the right to vary
the weight tendered or delivered to ihe Purchaser by 2) percent. The
purchase price will he adjusted upwanl >* downward in accordance with
the unit price and on the l«as>» n< the tiuanttry or weight actually
delivered. Unless otherwise kin'niually i»rovHled in the Invitation, no
adjustment for such variation will bv nude where property is sold on a
"price for the lot" basis.

13. WEIGHING, SWITCHING. AND SPOTTING.

• weighing is necessary i» uk-tvnnine (he exact purchase]
ill arrange lor and pay M expenses of weighu
. " ~^~ .-.<_ ,— l-Kl.. —, .k_ .MB^rtSCt All <
. When removal n by rail, weighing shall hr"Tn> nilrrwl track
by other means acccptatilc n> the railroad for frcignrp^MQpse*.

14. RISK OF LOSS.

Unless otherwise provided in the Invitauoo, dw Govcmment will be
responsible for the care and protection o* the property nihatnjiirnt to it
being available for inspection antl prn>r n> its removal. Any Ion. damage,
or destruction occurring during »uch period will be adiusied by the
Contracting Officer 10 ilw CXKIII it wa» not caused directly or indirectly
by rile Purchaser, its asteiits. i>r ctnployeei. At the discretion of the
Contracting Officer, the adiusum.-iii may consist of rescission. With
respect to losses only, in ihc weiu iliv property is oflered for sale by the
"lot." no adiustnieni will lie auihnruvd under this provision unless the
Government is uiMifivd of iliv lt»> |>n..r ui reiituval from the installation
of any portion oi the lot wuh rv>|>vci m whuh the loss is claimed.

It. LIMITATION ON COVHlNMKNVS LIABILITY.

Except fur reasonable packiiiK. Lading, and transportation costs (such
packing, loading, and inuunuruiuHi it»u being recoverable only when a
return of property at Cuvertimvm v^m i> >peviikally authorised in writing
by the Contracting Officer) tlic nicaturc of the Government's liability in
any case where liability of tlic C»veromvnt 10 the Purchaser has been
established shall MX exceed rviuuJ ..i »uth portion of the purchase price
as the Government may have nicivi-il

16. ORAL STATEMENTS AND MODIFICATIONS.

Any oral icainitciit »r ri-(>rt-«.-iHau«M. i>y any representative of the Gov-
ernment, changing or Miuplk-iuciitiiiK ''"•' liiviuiion or contract or any
Condition thereof, is unauilxiriii.il jnd >hall confer no right upon the
Bidder or Purchaser. Further. IN* micriuviaium ol any provision of the
nor propose* to exert improper uuluence to solicit or otxam uoveriment
contract! nor holds oy/as being able to obtain Jh* Government ccmraci
or contract! rhrougXimproper influence. N.
"Contingent JieeV' as used in this clause. meanXgny commission,
percentage, M&erage, or other fee that is contingent Ofipn the success
. that a pefssnor concern has in securing a Government contact.
"Imwrfper influence," as used in mis clause, means any mfStcnce that
indues or tends to induce a Government employee or officers^
cntstderation or to act regarding a Government contract on a
y:msed
solicitation) or contract award (in the case of a negotiated soliciiuioiM
unless otherwise requiral oy law; and /
(}} No attempt has Men made or will be^nade by die Purch.uer to
include any other concern N^submit or no^to submit an offer lor the
To
contrary to suboaragraphs (*X^) through fkX)> above; or
(2Xi> Has been autboriied, in writingv to wi as agent for the
principals in certifying i ha those principals haveuux panicipaced, und will
not participate in anytction contrary to subpangraphs (aHI) thnxigh
(aXl) above.
(ii) At an>Gthonzed agent, does certify ihatNhe principals have
id will not participate, in any acljpn contrary to
I through (»X3) above; and
an agent, has not personally participated,\{id will nut
sny action ctMiirary to subparagraphs (aHI) thnXigli (a;(3)
abovc^
(c
1f the Purchaser deletes or modifies subparagraph (a K 2 ) atx^
laser must furnish with its offer a signed statement setting '
I the circumstances of the disclosure.
w. th
rtb i
N
the
n
20. ASSIGNMENTS OF CONTRACTS.

Any contract awarded under the Invitation is subieci to the pro
of 41 U.S.C 1) which generally precludes assignment of such com

21. CLAIMS LIABILITY.

The Bidder or Purchaser agrees to save the Government harmleis l>om
any and all action*, claims, debts, demands, judgments, liabilities, uno
and attorneys' fees arising out of. claimed on account of. or in any manner
predicated upon loss ol' or damage to property and iniunci, .llnni or
disabilities to or death of any and all persons whatsoever, me udmx
•U.S. OKI. l«M.]4I-m/*«lll
-------
members of the general public, or ci > the property of any legal or political
entity including State, local and imcnuic bodies, in any manner caused
by or contributed to by the Bidder or Purchaser, its agents, lervaAn,
employee!, or any person >ubiect i<> ii> control while in, upon or about
the laie sice and/or the >»e on winch the property is located, or while the
pro|>erty is in (he possession of or >ubicu to the control of ihe Bidder or
Purchaser, its agenu, icrvants or employees alter the property has been
removed from Government control

22. WITHDRAWAL OF PROPERTY AFTER AWARD.

The Government reserve* the- ri^hi to withdraw for its use any or all of
the property covered by thi» <.uiur,ui. ii j bona fide requirement for the
proi>eny develops or ex no prior m -u.iuul removal of the property from
Government control In the ev«m <>i j withdrawal under this condition,
die Government shall be lublc only lur me feiund of the contract price of
the withdrawn property ur >udi poruoii ot the contract price as it may
havif received.

23. ELIGIBILITY OF BIDDERS.

The Bidder warrants that he i> nut: (a) under 18 yean of age; (b) an
ern pioyee of an agency of the Federal Government (either as a civilian or
as i. member of the Armed i:orcet of the United States, including the
United States Coast Guard, on active duty) prohibited by the regulations
of that agency from purchasing property sold hereunder, (c) an agent or
immediate member of the household of the employee in (b), above. For
breich of this warranty, the Government shall have the right to annul this
can OKI without liability.
24, REQUIREMENTS TO COMPLY WITH APPLICABLJ: LAWS
AND REGULATIONS.

It is the Bidder's responsibility to ascertain and comply with all
applicable Federal. State, local, and mulii-furisdictionai laws, ordinances.
and regulations pertaining to the registration, licensing, handling, posses-
sion, transportation, transfer, export, processing, manufacture, sa,e, use or
disposal of the property listed in the Invitation. Purchasers or users of this
property are not excused from any violation of such laws or re, gulations
either because the United States is a party to this sale or has'had any
interest in the property at any ume.

25. DEFINITIONS.

As used herein, the following terms shall have the meaning {set forth
below:
(a) "Telegraphic bid" and "telegraphic notice" include bids and
notices by telegram or by mailgram.

-------
[INSERT AFTER SF 114C (as modified)]

MODIFICATIOK TO STANDARD FORM 114C (REVISED 6-86)

THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPHS ARE MODIFIED TO READ AS FOLLOWS:

4. FORKS OF BID DEPOSITS AND PAYMENTS - This Article is deleted
and substituted by the following:

BID GUARANTEE

(a) Each bid must be accompanied by a bid guarantee in the
amount of [Contracting Officer will insert either a dollar amount
or express the amount of the Bid Guarantee as a percentage of the
bid price] which must be in the possession of the Contracting
Officer by the time set for bid opening. Bid deposits shall be
in the form prescribed in paragraph (c), below.

(b) Failure to furnish a bid guarantee in the proper form
and amount, by the time set for opening of bids, may be cause for
rejection of the bid.

(c) The bidder shall furnish a bid guarantee in the form of
a firm commitment, such as a bid bond, postal or commercial money
orders (including Canadian postal money orders designed for
payment in the United States which are acceptable in U.S. dollars
at the stated face value), Federal Home Loan Bank Money orders,
certified check, cashier's check, irrevocable letter of credit,
or, under Treasury Department regulations, certain bonds or notes
of the United States, or properly endorsed Federal, State, or
local Government check. Payment may also be made in any
combination of the above. Any credit instrument used shall be
made payable in U.S. currency. Uncertified personal or business
checks ere unacceptable.

(d) The Contracting Officer will return bid guarantees,
other than bid bonds, (1) to unsuccessful bidders as soon as
practicable after the opening of bids, and (2) to the successful
bidder upon execution of contractual documents and bonds
(including any necessary coinsurance or reinsurance agreements),
as required by the bid as accepted.

(e) If the successful bidder, upon acceptance of its bid by
the Government within the period specified for acceptance, fails
to execute all contractual documents or give a bond(s) as
required by the solicitation within the time specified, the
Contracting Officer may terminate the contract for default.
II-I-12
-------
(f) Unless otherwise specified in the bid, the bidder will
(1) allow 60 days for acceptance of its bid and (2) give bond
within 10 days after receipt of the forms by the bidder.

(g) In the event the contract is terminated for default, th
,bidder is liable for any cost of acquiring the work that exceeds
'the amount of its bid, and the bid guarantee is available to
offset the difference.

5. BID PRICE DETERMINATION - This Article is deleted and
substituted by the following:

Bids will be solicited on a unit price or percentage factor
basis. Bidders will insert their unit prices or percentage
factors in the space provided for each item. These prices shall
be used for the purposes of bid evaluation, award, and all phases
of contract administration.
II-I-13
-------
oo NOT ICTUIN WITH MO
SALE OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY
SPECIAL SEALED BIO-TERM CONDITIONS
A. BID DEPOSITS.

S«AII bid* muu be accompanied by a ni«l deposit which muifxtie
in njf poaaeswon of the Contracting Officer by the iiipe lee
for btdSipemne,. Bid deposits thall be in the form prevrtibed in
Condirioirco. 4, General Sale Terms and Condition*''! Standard
Form II4C)SUnl«i otherwise provided m the lp*itanon. a bid
deposit of 20% et cr»e estimated total contract jjjrfe 11 required on
sates not eicecdinVone vear: tales exreedinartine year < duration
will r«oiurc a bid deposit computed ar IQJtfoi the total price esn-
mated for one year i removal of proneruK'Uer'Osil Bond-Individual
INVITATION fOt MOS NO.
•fewajjfion lor the bid opening, and. e*cept for delay Jtma
10 perwJmwCuf the ulet oifice or ehetr dewa;ne«lipj»««rn»«e
recaved on tirneXikanr»enc will Handj>iji€d"tiOMt m«y be reiected ai non*respon«i*e. Any
raea»ed after tod opening will be conwdered in the time
xutae bid*.

B. MODIFICATION OR WITHDRAWAL OF BIDS.
C CONSIDERATION OF LATE BIDS. MODIFICATIONS.
OX WITHDRAWALS.

~-»4iand modincationi or withdrawal thereof", must
""- " • •• - ^* ** . . • /
L TERMINATION.

Unlets otherwiie provided in the Invitation, thu contract mar
be termimi«ed by either party without cost to the Government
upon 50 days' written notice to the other, to be calculated from
the date the notice is mailed.

F. FAILURE TO PERFORM.

In the event the Purchaser fails to make payment as required by
Condition No. 6. General Sale Terms and Conditions (Standard
Form 114C). or fails to remove the property as required by Con-
dition No. t. General Sale Terms and Conditions, and fails to rure
the default within the time allowed by the nonce given in accord-
ance with Condition No. 9. General Sale Terms and Conditions.
the Purchaser will lose all right, title and interest which he might
otherwise have acquired in and to the property as to which the
default occurred and said Condition No. 9. is modified to provide
that the Government shall be entitled to retain or collect »; liqui-
dated damages a sum equal to 20% of the contract price ('or the
quantity estimated to be /reiterated within a JO-day period.

G. AWARD OF CONTRACT.
«4M"t!oncracti np Officer by the time and date tet tnrfTTtn 'hf^^^
*«*.a,a«
O »O*M I I4C-1
JAM. !*?• IMTIOM
«i crei
M4-4«
-------
[INSERT AFTER SF 114C-2 (as modified)]

MODIFICATIONS TO STANDARD FORM 114C-2

THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH IS MODIFIED TO READ AS FOLLOWS:
A. BID DEPOSITS - This Article is deleted and substituted by
the following:

(1) Bid Deposit. Each bid must be accompanied by a bid
deposit in the amount of [insert appropriate dollar amount], which
must be in the possession of the CO by the time set for bid
opening. Bid deposits shall be in the form prescribed in Article
4 of SF 114C as modified. Any bid which is not timely and
supported by a proper bid deposit will be rejected as
nonresponsive. Deposits of unsuccessful bidders will be returned
when award is made; that of the successful bidder will be returned
when his Performance Bond is received by the Government. Bid
deposits received after bid opening will be considered in the same
manner as a late bid.

(2) Performance Bond. Within 10 days after Notice of Award,
the successful bidder shall furnish a Performance Bond (Standard
Form 25), for the faithful performance of the contract. The bond
amount shall be [Insert appropriate percentage] percent of the
total estimated dollar amount of the item awarded. In the event
two or more items are awarded to a successful bidder, the amount
of the Performance Bond shall be the aggregate amount of the
Performance Bonds for each individual item. This bond shall
remain in effect until 120 days after the final date of the
contract period. The successful bidder shall not be permitted to
begin performance until the bond has been received.

[Contracting Officer will ensure that a Performance Bond is
obtained for any option years included in the contract.]

OFFERORS SHOULD NOTE THAT CONDITIONS 6, 8, AND 9 OF THE STANDARD
FORM 114-C REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE F (FAILURE TO PERFORM) OF THE
STANDARD FORM 114C-2 ARE MODIFIED FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS
SOLICITATION AS ANNOTATED ON PAGE II-I-9.
II-I-15
-------
PART III

SECTION J - LIST OF DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS AND OTHER ATTACHMENTS

EXHIBIT 1

LIST OF KNOWN SERVICE LOCATIONS

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE

[Insert geographical location* [Use this column if a
and buildings within each - representative other
or insert buildings coordinate than the COR will be
this with I-B-2] used]
[NOTE: Insert any site specific requirements for pickups.]
-------
PART III, SECTION J

EXHIBIT 2

LIST OF POTENTIAL SERVICE LOCATIONS
IMPORTANT: THE LOCATIONS LISTED ON THIS EXHIBIT WILL BE ADDED TO
THE CONTRACT BY THE CO ONLY, AS REQUIRED. THE CONTRACTOR HILL BEI
NOTIFIED, IN WRITING, OF LOCATIONS BEING ADDED, THE EFFECTIVE DATE
THAT PICKUPS ARE TO START, AND THE NAME OF THE USING AGENCY'S
AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE, IF APPROPRIATE. NO PICKUPS ARE TO BE
MADE AT THESE LOCATIONS UNLESS SO INFORMED BY THE CO.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

1. [Insert geographical location*]
[NOTE: Insert any site specific requirements for pickups.]
III-J-2a
-------
PART III. SECTION J

EXHIBIT 3

DEFINITIONS

[NOTE: When issuing this specification in final, incorporate
local industry definitions or industry definitions from the
Institute for Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI), such as the PS 90
which deals with paper. The PS 90 is included in the accompanying
desk guide.]

[Insert appropriate additional definitions - all recyclable
materials covered by this contract should be defined, acceptable
contamination percentages and definitions of certain materials,
such as grades of paper, will be determined by your local market.]
1. ALUMINUM CANS; Shall consist of old, decorated or clear,
aluminum cans, which may contain some dirt, liquid and/or other
foreign contamination. Contamination shall not consist of more
than [insert appropriate percentage] of the total weight of any
load picked up.

2. AMBER (BROWN) GLASS; Shall consist of old brown glass
bottles, jars, and other containers, generally free of clear and
green glass, and nay contain some dirt, liquid and/ or other
foreign contamination. Contamination shall not consist of more
than [insert appropriate percentage] of the total weight of any
load picked up.

3. AUTHORIZED AGENCY REPRESENTATIVE: The individual (s)
designated by the holding agency as having authorization to
contact the Contractor as required by the contract.
4. CARBON INTEPT.g^F; consists of sheets of computer printout
with alternating carbon interleaf.

5. COMPUTER PRINTOUT; Consists of white sulfite or sulfate
papers in forms manufactured for use in data processing machines.
This grade may contain colored stripes and/ or impact or non- impact
(e.g., laser) computer printing, and may contain not more than
[insert appropriate percentage] of groundwood in the packing. All
stock must be untreated and uncoated.

6. CONTRACTOR CONTAINERS; Those containers provided by the
Contractor and approved by the COR, to store and transport
recyclable materials at the holding agency's storage area to the
loading dock at each location identified in Exhibits 1 and 2.

7. CONTRACTOR PAYMENT; Payment, made by the Contractor to the
U.S. Government, for the removal of UBCs and UGCs from locations
identified in Exhibits 1 and 2.

III-J-3a
-------
o
8« CORRUGATED CONTAINERS: Consists of baled corrugated
containers having liners of either test liners, jute or kraft.

9. CUT/LET'- Crushed glass, any color.

10. EMERALD (GREEN) GLASS; Shall consist of old green glass
bottles, jars, and other containers, generally free of clear and
brown glass, and may contain some dirt, liquid and/or other
foreign contamination. Contamination shall not consist of more
than [insert appropriate percentage] of the total weight of any
load picked up.

11. FILE STOCK; Consists of discarded correspondence files,
record files as determined and developed by the Government withoujt
limitations as to prohibitive materials and/or outthrows.

12. FLINT fCLEAR) GLASS; Shall consist of old clear glass
bottles, jars, and other containers, generally free of colored
glass and may contain some dirt, liquid and/or other foreign
contamination. Contamination shall not consist of more than
[insert appropriate percentage] of the total weight of any load '
picked up.

13. HARD WHITE SHAVINGS; Consists of shavings or sheets of all
untreated white bond ledger or writing papers. Must be free from
printing and groundwood.

14. HEAVY BOOKS; Consists of dry, clean, used and overissued
books and magazines; stitchless stock; quire waste; and similar
printed matter. This category grade may contain such bleached
sulfite and sulfate books and magazines adulterated with fine
groundwood as are acceptable to the consumer.

15. HOLDING AGENCY; The Government agency and location which has
been identified in Exhibits 1 and 2 and which has the right to
store and request, by their authorized representative, pick up by
the Contractor of UBCs and UGCs as required.

16. LOADING DOCK: The Government designated area at each building
location identified in Exhibits l and 2 where the Contractor
trucks are to pick up and empty the recyclable material storage i
containers.

17. MANILA TABULATING CARDS; Consists of manila-colored cards,
predominantly sulfite or sulfate, which have been manufactured for
use in tabulating machines. This grade may contain -anila-colored
tabulating cards with tinted margins.

18. MISCELLANEOUS LEDGER; Consists of printed or unprinted
sheets,shavings and cuttings of colored or white sulfite or
sulfate ledger, bond, writing and other papers which have a
similar fiber and filler content. This grade must be free of
treated, coated, padded or heavy printed stock.

III-J-3b
-------
19. NEWS: Consists of newspapers containing less than 5% of other
papers.

20. NOTIFICATION: The request, by the authorized agency
representative, to the Contractor for scheduling the removal of
UBCs and UGCs from the holding agency.

21. OUTTHROWS FOR PAPER: All papers that are so manufactured, or
treated, or are in such a form as to be unsuitable for consumption
as the grade specified.

22. OUTTHROWS FOR USED BEVERAGE CONTAINERS (UBC)! Outthrows for
UBCs is any material that isnot a used metal or aluminum beverage
container;

23. OOTTHROWS FOR USED GLASS BEVERAGE CONTAINERS (UGC);

Outthrows for UGCs:

Metals (aluminum caps and steel lids)
Stones and dirt
Neck rings from bottles
Ceramic cups, dishes and ovenware
Light bulbs
Plate glass, safety and window glass
Heat-resistant glass such as Pyrex
Lead-based glass such as crystal or TV tubes

24. PAPER;

Grade l; Computer printout, white ledger, hard white
shavings, and manila tabulating cards or any combination thereof.
No more than [insert appropriate percentage] total outthrows or
prohibitive materials by volume.

Grade 2: Various grades of paper, including
miscellaneous ledger, file stock, wet strength, corrugated
containers, heavy books, carbon interleaf (computer printout
only), groundwood computer printout, and contaminated Grade 1
paper or any combination thereof. No more than [insert
appropriate percentage] total outthrows or prohibitive materials
by volume.

Grade 3: News. No more than [insert appropriate
percentage] total outthrows or prohibitive materials by volume.

25. PROHIBITIVE MATERIALS;

a. For Paper and Paper Products:

(1) Any materials which by their presence in packing of
material in excess of the amount allowed, will make the packing
unusable as the type of material specified.

III-J-Sc
-------
(2) Any materials that may be damaging to equipment.

b. For Food and Beverage Containers;

(1) Any materials which by their presence in packing of
material in excess of the amount allowed, will make the packing
unusable as the type of material specified.

(2) Any materials that may be damaging to equipment.

(3) Excessive amounts of liquid.

26. TON; The term ton, as used in this contract, means short ton,
which is equivalent to 2000 pounds.

27. UBCs: Also, known as Used Beverage Cans (UBC); the old can
stock shall consist of, for the most part, non-ferrous metals;
however, some tin and other metals may be present. Used can stock
shall be mainly clean used aluminum cans, decorated or clear, free
of dirt, liquid and other foreign contamination. Contamination
shall not consist of more than [insert appropriate percentage] of
the total weight of any load picked up.

28. UGCs: Also known as Used Glass Containers (UGC); the old
glass stock shall consist of clean used glass bottles and
containers, decorated or free of labels of plastic or paper, free
of dirt, liquid and other foreign contamination. Contamination
shall not consist of more than [insert appropriate percentage] of
the total weight of any load picked up. UGCs may consist of three
(3) different colors of glass containers; however, all UGCs will
be separated as to the type of color picked up.

29. WET STRENGTH; Consists of sheets and shavings of all white
ledger or bond and wet-strength treated paper. This grade must be
free from solid color printing and groundwood.

30. WHITE LEDGER; Consists of printed or imprinted sheets,
shavings, guillotined books, quire waste, and cuttings of white
sulfite or sulfate ledger, bond, writing paper, and all other
papers which have a similar fiber and filler content. This grade
must be free of treated, coated, padded or heavy printed stock.
UI-J-3d
-------
PART IV
SECTION K - REPRESENTATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS
MINIMUM BID ACCEPTANCE PERIOD

(a) "Acceptance period," as used in this provision, means
the number of calendar days available to the Government for
awarding a contract from the date specified in this solicitation
for receipt of bids.

(b) This provision supersedes any language pertaining to the
acceptance period that may appear elsewhere in this solicitation.

(c) The Government requires a minimum acceptance period of
[the Contracting Officer shall insert the nuaber of days]
calendar days.

(d) In the space provided immediately below, bidders may
specify a longer acceptance period than the Government's minimum
requirement. The bidder allows the following acceptance period:

calendar days.
(e) A bid allowing less than the Government's minimum
acceptance period will be rejected.

(f) The bidder agrees to execute all that it has undertaken
to do, in compliance with its bid, if that bid is accepted in
writing within: (1) the acceptance period stated in
paragraph (c) above; or, (2) any longer acceptance period stated
in paragraph (d) above.
IV-K-l
-------
REPRESENTATIONS AND
Name and Address of
CERTIFICATIONS
Offerer
(Name, Street, City, State
and Zip Code
REFERENCE
Date of
Offer
"SOLICITATION" MEANS "INVITATION FOR BIDS" IN SEALED BIDDING AND
"REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL" OR "REQUEST FOR QUOTATION" IN NEGOTIATION.

"OFFER" MEANS "BID" IN SEALED BIDDING AND "PROPOSAL" IN
NEGOTIATION.

"OFFEROR" MEANS THE PERSON OR FIRM SUBMITTING THE OFFER.
THE OFFEROR MAKES THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTATIONS AND CERTIFICATIONS
AS A PART OF THE OFFER IDENTIFIED ABOVE. (CHECK APPROPRIATE BOXES
AND FILL IN BLANKS.)

1. SMALL BUSINESS CONCERN REPRESENTATION

(a) Representation. The offerer represents and certifies as
part of its offer that it [ ] is or [ ] is not a small business
concern.

(b) Definition. Small business concern, as used in this
provision, means a concern, including its affiliates that is
independently owned and operated, not dominant in the field of
operation in which it is bidding on Government contracts, and
qualified as a small business under the criteria and size
standards for SIC Code 4953, Refuse Systems, which is established
at $6 million in annual receipts.
IV-K-2
-------
2. TYPE OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

The bidder/offerer or quoter, by checking the applicable box,
represents that—
(a) it operates as
laws of the State of
[ ] a partnership, [ ]
venture;
[ ] a corporation incorporated under the
, [ ] an individual,
a nonprofit organization, or [ ] a joint
(b) If the bidder/offerer or quoter is a foreign entity, it
operates as [ ] an individual, [ ] partnership, [ ] a nonprofit
organization, [ ] a joint venture, or [ ] a corporation,
registered for business in [Insert Country].

3. CERTIFICATE REGARDING DEBARNENT, SUSPENSION, PROPOSED
DEBARMENT, AND OTHER RESPONSIBILITY NATTERS

(a) (1) The offeror certifies, to the best of its knowledge
and belief, that—

(i) The offeror and/or any of its Principals—

(A) Are [ ] are not [ ] presently debarred,
suspended, proposed for debament, or declared ineligible for the
award of contracts by any Federal agency;

(B) Have [ ] have not [ ], within a 3-year
period preceding this offer, been convicted of a civil judgment
rendered against then for: commission of fraud or a criminal
offense in connection with obtaining, attempting to obtain, or
performing a public (Federal, state, or local) contract or
subcontract; violation of Federal or state antitrust statues
relating to the submission of offers; or commission of
embezzlement, theft, forgery, bribery, falsification or
destruction of records, making false statements, or receiving
stolen property; and

(C) Are [ ] are not [ ] presently indicted for,
or otherwise criminally or civilly charged by a governmental
entity with, commission of any of the offenses enumerated in
subdivision (a)(1)(i)(B) of this provision.

(ii) The offeror has [ ] has not [ ], within a 3-year
period preceding this offer, had one or more contracts terminated
for default by any Federal agency.
IV-K-3
-------
(2) "Principals," for the purposes of this
certification, means officers; directors; owners; partners; and,
persons having primary management or supervisory responsibilities
within a business entity (e.g., general manager; plant manager;
head of a subsidiary, division, or business segment, and similar
positions) .

THIS CERTIFICATION CONCERNS A MATTER WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF
ANY AGENCY OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE MAKING OF A FALSE,
FICTITIOUS, OR FRAUDULENT CERTIFICATION MAY RENDER THE MAKER
SUBJECT TO PROSECUTION UNDER SECTION 1001, TITLE 18, UNITED STATES
CODE.
(b) The offerer shall provide immediate written notice to
CO if, at any time prior to contract award, the offerer learns
that his certification was erroneous when submitted or has become
erroneous by reason of changed circumstances.

(c) A certification that any of the items in paragraph (a) oi
this provision exists will not necessarily result in withholding
of an award under this solicitation. However, the certification
will be considered in connection with a determination of the
offerer's responsibility. Failure of the offerer to furnish a
certification or provide such additional information as requested
by the CO may render the offerer nonresponsible.

(d) Nothing contained in the foregoing shall be construed to
require establishment of a system of records in order to render,
in good faith, the certification required by paragraph (a) of this
provision. The knowledge and information of an offer is not
required to exceed that which is normally possessed by a prudent
person in the ordinary course of business dealings.

(e) The certification in paragraph (a) of this provision is a,
material representation of fact upon which reliance was placed
when making award. If it is later determined that the offerer
knowingly rendered an erroneous certification, in addition to
other remedies available to the Government, the CO may terminate
the contract resulting from this solicitation for default.

4. CERTIFICATE OF INDEPENDENT PRICE DETERMINATION

(a) The offerer certifies that —

(1) The prices 'in this offer have been arrived at
independently, without, for the purpose of restricting
competition, any consultation, communication, or agreement with
any other offerer or competitor relating to (i) those prices,
(ii) the intention to submit an offer, or (iii) the methods or
factors used to calculate the prices offered;
IV-K-4
-------
(2) The prices in this offer have not been and will not
be knowingly disclosed by the offerer, directly or indirectly to
any other offerer or competitor before bid opening (in the case
of a sealed bid solicitation) or contract award (in the case of a
negotiated solicitation) unless otherwise required by law; and

(3) No attempt has been made or will be made by the
offerer to induce any other concern to submit or not to submit an
offer for the purpose of restricting competition.

(b) Each signature on the offer is considered to be a
certification by the signatory that the signatory—

(1) Is the person in the offerer's organization
responsible for determining the prices being offered in this bid
or proposal, and that the signatory has not participated and will
not participate in any action contrary to subparagraphs (a)(1)
through (a)(3) above; or

(2)(i) Has been authorized, in writing, to act as agent
for the following principals in certifying that those principals
have not participated, and will not participate in any action
contrary to subparagraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3)
above [insert full name of
person(s) in the offerer's organization responsible for
determining the prices offered in this bid or proposal, and the
title of his or her position in the offerer's organization];

(ii) As an authorized agent, does certify that the
principals named in subdivision (b)(2)(i) above have not
participated, and will not participate, in any action contrary to
subparagraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) above; and

(iii) As an agent, has not personally participated,
and will not participate, in any action contrary to subparagraphs
(a)(1) through (a)(3) above.

(c) If the offerer deletes or modifies subparagraph (a)(2)
above, the offerer must furnish with its offer a signed statement
setting forth in detail the circumstances of the disclosure.

5. CONTINGENT FEE REPRESENTATION AND AGREEMENT

(a) Representation. The offerer represents that, except for
full-time bona fide employees working solely for the offeror, the
offeror—

[NOTE: For interpretation of the representation, including
the term "bona fide employee," see CFR, Title 41, Subpart
101-45.313.]

(1) [ ] has, [ ] has not employed or retained any
person or company to solicit or obtain this contract; and

IV-K-5
-------
(2) [ ] has, [ ] has not paid or agreed to pay to any
person or company employed or retained to solicit or obtain this
contract any commission, percentage, brokerage, or other fee
contingent upon or resulting from the award of this contract.

(b) Agreement. The offeror agrees to provide information
relating to the above Representation as requested by the CO and,
when subparagraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) is answered affirmatively, to
promptly submit to the CO—

(1) A completed Standard Form 119, Statement of
Contingent or Other Fees, (SF 119); or

(2) A signed statement indicating that the SF 119 was
previously submitted to the same contracting office, including the
date and applicable solicitation or contract number, and
representing that the prior SF 119 applies to this offer or
quotation.
IV-K-6
-------
PART IV

SECTION L - INSTRUCTIONS, CONDITIONS, AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS

1. Insurance Requirement. Liability insurance coverage, written
on the comprehensive form of policy, is required in the amount of
$50,000 per occurrence for property damage and $500,000 per
occurrence for bodily injury. (See paragraph entitled "Insurance-
Work on a Government Installation" in Part II, Section I.)

2. Site Visit. Bidders are invited, urged and cautioned to
inspect the site where services are to be performed and to satisfy
themselves regarding all general and local conditions that may
affect the cost of contract performance. Failure to inspect shall
be at the risk of the bidder, and in no event shall failure to
inspect the site constitute grounds for a claim after contract
award. Potential bidders should contact [insert the name, title
and telephone number of the person designated to coordinate site
visits on behalf of the Government] to make necessary
arrangements.

3. Qualifications of Offerers.

A. Each offeror submitting a bid/offer on the work required
by this contract may be requested to submit evidence of their
experience, qualifications, financial responsibility and ability
to carry out the terms of the contract.

B. Failure to sufficiently document competency in performing
comparable contracts and to demonstrate acceptable financial
resources, personnel staffing, plant and equipment will be a
factor in considering possible rejection of the offer on
responsibility grounds.
IV-L-1
-------
4. Bidder Submissions. Each offerer submitting a bid/offer on
the work required by this contract is required to submit with its
bid the following:

A. Sale of Government Property - Bid and Award (Standard
Form 114) (2 copies).

B. Bid/Offer for Basic Services (2 copies).

C. Representations and Certifications (Pages IV-K-2
through 11}.

0. Minimum Bid Acceptance Period (Page IV-K-l).

E. Related Company Experience.

Failure to comply with the above may result in a
determination by the CO that the bid is nonresponsive.
IV-L-2
-------
1.
2.
FIGURE L-l
RELATED COMPANY EXPERIENCE
Contract Information:
a. Customer's Name:
b. customer's CO:
Name: Title:
Address:
Area Code/Telephone Number:,
c. Contract Number:
d. Place of Performance:
e. Period of Performance:
f. Brief Description of Services Provided:
g. Dollar Amount of Contract (Total) : _
Contract Information:
a. Customer's Name: ______ • _
Customer's CO:
Name: Title:
b.
Address:
Area Code/Telephone Number:
c. Contract Number:
d. Place of Performance:
e. Period of Performance:
f. Brief Description of Services Provided:
g. Dollar Amount of Contract (Total):
IV-L-3
-------
3.
4.
Contract Information:
a. Customer's Name:
b. Customer's CO:
Name:
Title:
Address:
Area Code/Telephone Number:.
Contract Number:
d. Place of Performance:
e. Period of Performance:
f. Brief Description of Services Provided:
g. Dollar Amount of Contract (Total):
Contract Information:
a. Customer's Name:
b. Customer's CO:
Name: Title:
Address:
Area Code/Telephone Number:.
c. Contract Number:
d. Place of Performance:
e. Period of Performance:
f. Brief Description of Services Provided:
Dollar Amount of Contract (Total):
IV-L-4
-------
5.
6.
Contract Information:
a. Customer's Name:
Customer ' s CO :
Name:
b .
Title:
Address:
Area Code/Telephone Number:,
Contract Number:
d. Place of Performance:
Period of Performance:
f. Brief Description of Services Provided:
g. Dollar Amount of Contract (Total) :
Contract Information:
a. Customer's Name:
b. Customer's CO:
Name:
Title:
Address:
Area code/Telephone Number:
c. Contract Number:
d. Place of Performance:
Period of Performance:
f. Brief Description of Services Provided:
Dollar Amount of Contract (Total):
IV-L-5
-------
SOLICITATION PROVISIONS

(SEALED BID)
1. SOLICITATION DEFINITIONS - SEALED BIDDING

"Government" means United States Government.

"Offer" means "bid" in sealed bidding.

"Solicitation" means an invitation for bids in sealed
bidding.
2.
EXPLANATION TO PROSPECTIVE BIDDERS
Any prospective bidder desiring an explanation or
interpretation of the solicitation, drawings, specifications,
etc., must request it in writing soon enough to allow a reply to
reach all prospective bidders before the submission of their bids.
Oral explanations or instructions given before the award of a
contract will not be binding. Any information given a prospective
bidder concerning a solicitation will be furnished promptly to all
other prospective bidders as an amendment to the solicitation, if
that information is necessary in submitting bids or if the lack of
it would be prejudicial to other prospective bidders.
3.
AMENDMENTS TO INVITATIONS FOR BIDS
(a) If this solicitation is amended, then all terms and
conditions which are not modified remain unchanged.

(b) Bidders shall acknowledge receipt of any amendment to
this solicitation (1) by signing and returning the amendment, (2}
by identifying the amendment number and date in the space provide^
for this purpose on the form for submitting a bid, (3) by letter
or telegram, or (4) by facsimile, if facsimile bids are authorize^
in the solicitation. The Government must receive the
acknowledgment by the time and at the place specified for receipt
of bids.
4.
SUBMISSION OF BIDS
(a) Bids and bid modifications shall be submitted in sealed
envelopes or packages (unless submitted by electronic means) (1)
addressed to the office specified in the solicitation and (2)
showing the time specified for receipt, the solicitation number, i
and the name and address of the bidder. ;

(b) Telegraphic bids will not be considered unless authorized
by the solicitation; however, bids may be modified or withdrawn by
written or telegraphic notice.
IV-L-6
-------
(c) Facsimile bids, modifications, or withdrawals, will not
be considered unless authorized by the solicitation.
5.
FAILURE TO SUBMIT BID
Recipients of this solicitation not responding with a bid
should not return the solicitation, unless it specifies otherwise.
Instead, they should advise the issuing office by letter or
postcard whether they want to receive future solicitation for
similar requirements. If a recipient does not submit a bid and
does not notify the issuing office that future solicitations are
desired, the recipient's name may be removed from the applicable
mailing list.
6.
LATE SUBMISSIONS, MODIFICATIONS. AND WITHDRAWALS OF BIDS
(a) Any bid received at the office designated in the
solicitation after the exact time specified for receipt will not
be considered unless it is received before award is made and it:

(1) Was sent by registered or certified mail not later
than the fifth calendar day before the date specified for receipt
of bids (e.g., a bid submitted in response to a solicitation
requiring receipt of bids by the 20th of the month must have been
mailed by the 15th);

(2) Was sent by mail or, if authorized by the
solicitation, was sent by telegram or via facsimile, and it is
determined by the Government that the late receipt was due solely
to mishandling by the Government after receipt at the Government
installation; or

(3) Was sent by U.S. Postal Express Mail Next Day
Service - Post Office to Addressee, not later than 5:00 P.M. ».t
the place of mailing two working days prior to the date spec _ied
for receipt of bids. The term "working days" excludes weekends
and U.S. Federal holidays.

(bi Any modification or withdrawal of a bid is subject to
the sarrvi conditions as in paragraph (a) of this provision.

(c) The only acceptable evidence to establish the date of
mailing of a bid, modification, or withdrawal sent either by
registered or certified mail is the U.S. or Canadian Postal
Service postmark both on the envelope or wrapper and on the
original receipt from the U.S. or Canadian Postal Service. Both
postmarks must show a legible date or the bid, modification, or
withdrawal shall be processed as if mailed late. "Postmark"
means a printed, stamped, or otherwise placed impression
(exclusive of a postage meter machine impression) that is readily
identifiable without further action as having been supplied and

IV-L-7
-------
affixed by employees of the U.S. or Canadian Postal Service on
the date of mailing. Therefore, bidders should request the
postal clerk to place a legible hand cancellation bull's-eye
postmark on both the receipt and the envelope or wrapper.

(d) The only acceptable evidence to establish the time of
receipt at the Government installation is the time/date stamp of
that installation on the bid wrapper or other documentary
evidence of receipt maintained by the installation.

(e) The only acceptable evidence to establish the date of
mailing of a late bid, modification, or withdrawal sent by U.S.
Postal Service Express Mail Next Day Service - Post Office to
Addressee is the date entered by the post office receiving clerk
on the "Express Mail Next Day Service - Post Office to Addressee
label and the postmark on the envelope or wrapper and on the
original receipt from the U.S. Postal Service. "Postmark" has
the same meaning as defined in paragraph (c) of this provision,
excluding postmarks of the Canadian Postal Service. Therefore,
Bidders should request the postal clerk to place a legible hand
cancellation bull's-eye postmark on both the receipt and the
envelope or wrapper.

(f) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this provision, a late
modification of an otherwise successful bid that makes its terms
more favorable to the Government will be considered at any time
it is received and may be accepted.

(g) Bids may be withdrawn by written notice or telegram
(including mailgram) received at any time before the exact time
set for receipt of bids. If the solicitation authorizes
facsimile bids, bids may be withdrawn via facsimile received at
any time before the exact time set for receipt of bids, subject
to the conditions specified in the provision entitled "Facsimile
Bids." A bid may be withdrawn in person by a bidder or its
authorized representative if, before the exact time set for
receipt of bids, the identity of the person requesting withdrawa
is established ad the person signs a receipt for the bid.
7.
FALSE STATEMENTS IN BIDS
Bidders must provide full, accurate, and complete information as
required by this solicitation and its attachments. The penalty
for making false statements in bids is prescribed in 18 U.S.C.
1001.
IV-L-8
-------
PART IV

SECTION M - EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD
!• Evaluation of Options:

Except when it is determined not to be in the Government's best
interests, the Government will evaluate offers for award purposes
by adding the total price for all options to the total price for
the base year of the requirement. Evaluation of options will not
obligate the Government to exercise the option(s).

2. Formula for Award;

The offeror has the option to submit an offer on (1) one
geographical area, (2) more than one geographical area, or (3) all
geographical areas, as desired. Offers will be evaluated by
comparing one bid/offer for a geographical area against other
offers for the same geographical area.

A. [insert geographic area]

1. The percentage factor from Section B, paragraph
2.a.(l), for the Initial 12-month period will be applied to the
stated [insert "Stock price based on user survey conducted on
(date)" or "Announced price in the (insert index) on (date)"] in
order to establish the unit price for evaluation per recyclable
material. The unit price will be multiplied by the estimated
quantity to arrive at a total price per recyclable material. The
totals will then be added together to arrive at the aggregate
total.

2. The percentage factor from Section 8, paragraph
2.b.(1), for the Option Lot I renewal period will be applied to
the stated [insert "Stock price based on User Survey conducted on
(date)" or "Announced price in the (insert index) on (date)"] in
order to establish the unit price for evaluation per recyclable
material. The unit price will be multiplied by the estimated
quantity to arrive at a total price per recyclable material. The
totals will then be added together to arrive at the aggregate
total.

[repeat, as necessary, in accordance with the number of
option periods]
IV-M-1
-------
3. The total price to be used to establish the high
offer for the [insert geographic area] geographical area shall I
determined by adding 1. through [insert number] above to arrive
the [insert total number, including options] year aggregate
contract price.

B. [repeat geographic areas, as necessary]

3. Contract Award - Sealed Bidding

(a) The Government will evaluate bids in response to this
solicitation without discussions and will award a contract to tljie
responsible bidder whose bid, conforming to the solicitation,
will result in the highest dollar return or otherwise be most
advantageous to the Government considering only price and the
price-related factors specified elsewhere in the solicitation.

(b) The Government may (1) reject any or all bids,
and (2) waive informalities or minor irregularities in bids
received.

(c) A written award or acceptance of a bid mailed or
otherwise furnished to the successful bidder within the time for
acceptance specified in the bid shall result in a binding
contract without further action by either party.
IV-M-2
-------
-------
?/EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(OS-305)
EPA/530-SW-91-011
December 1990
Procurement Guidelines
for Government Agencies
To foster markets for recovered materials and reduce the amount of solid
waste requiring disposal, consumers, including corporations and govern-
ment agencies, need to buy products made from recovered materials.
Such a commitment is an important step in sending a message to industry
that markets for recovered materials exist. The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) has issued "procurement guidelines" requiring government
agencies to buy products made with recovered materials. The guidelines
provide recommendations for implementing certain requirements of Sec-
tion 6002 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).

To date, EPA has published five guidelines, designating the following spe-
cific items containing recovered materials for procurement by government
agencies:

Paper and paper products.
Lubricating oils,
Ftetreaded tins.
Building insulation products, and
Cement and concrete containing fly ash.

Once EPA issues a procurement guideline designating a specific item, pro-
curing agencies have one year to meet the guideline's requirements.
Procurement Guideline for Paper and Paper Products, 40
CFR Part 250, 53 FR 23546 (June 22,1988)

Procurement Guideline for Lubricating Oils Containing
Refined .Oil, 40 CFR Part 252, 53 FR 24699 (June 30,1988)

Procurement Guideline for Retread Tires, 40 CFR Part 253,
53 FR 46558 (November 17,1988)

Procurement Guideline for Building Insulation Products
Containing Recovered Materials, 40 CFR Part 248,54 FR
7328 (February 17,1989)

Procurement Guideline for Cement and Concrete
Containing Fly Ash, 40 CFR Part 249,48 FR 4230
(January 28,1983)
Printod on Recy&*t
-------
To Whom Do the
Guidelines Apply?
RCRA defines procuring agencies to include federal, state, and local agen-
cies using appropriated federal funds, and their contractors. The require-
ments of a particular guideline apply only if the procuring agency
purchases more than $10,000 a year worth of the guideline item. For
example, if a county government agency spends more than $10,000 a year
on paper, and part of that money is from appropriated federal funds, then
the county government is a "procuring agency" for paper and must follow
the procurement guideline for paper and paper products.

Purchases unrelated or incidental to the purpose of federal funding are not
subject to RCRA Section 6002. Thus, they are not subject to the procure-
ment guidelines. However, when it is not apparent whether a purchase is
subject to RCRA, EPA encourages procuring agencies to follow the guide-
lines to help expand markets for products made of recovered materials.
What Are
the RCRA Section
6002 Requirements?
Review and Revise Specifications
RCRA requires procuring agencies to review their specifications for the
designated items and to revise them to allow procurement of products
containing recovered material. Procuring agencies should eliminate
requirements that specifically exclude the use of recovered materials. In
addition, procuring agencies should revise performance standards that in
effect exclude items containing recovered materials and that are more
stringent than necessary to satisfy the agency's needs.

For example, if an agency has a specification that precludes the use of
retreaded tires, it must be replaced, preferably with a performance stan-
dard that specifies relevant performance factors for tires, such as tread
wear, burst strength, and stopping distance.

Establish an Affirmative Procurement Program
Each procurement guideline contains EPA's recommendations for estab-
lishing an effective affirmative procurement program. However, each pro-
curing agency may design its own program, so long as it meets the RCRA
requirements.

All affirmative procurement programs must have four components:

1. • preference program,
2. a promotion program,
3. procedures for obtaining and verifying estimates end certifications of
the content of recovered materials, and
4. annual review and monitoring.
Preference Program
The statute provides three options for a preference program:

• Minimum-content standards, which identify the minimum content of
recovered materials that an tiem should contain; procuring agencies
may include these standards m their specifications for purchasing an
item;
-------
• Case-by-case procurement, open competition between products made of
virgin materials and products made of recovered materials; procuring
agencies must exercise a preference for the latter; or

• Other, any approach which is substantially equivalent to the above
approaches.

The procurement guidelines r
-------
Annual Review and Monitoring
During the year, procuring agencies should review the range of estimates
and certifications they received to determine whether they are using the
highest percentage of recovered materials.

While the EPA guidelines recommend minimum-content standards, pro-
curing agencies should adjust the standards when market conditions war-
rant a change. For example, if the data suggest that a sufficient number of
bids would have been submitted in response to higher standards, then
agencies should consider raising their minimum-content standards. Con-
versely, if there is a lack of competition, agencies may consider lowering
their standards.
When May an
Agency Purchase
Hems Not Con-
taining Recovery
Materials?
Procuring agencies may choose not to purchase a guideline item con-
taining recovered materials if:

• a guideline item's price is unreasonable;
• applying minimum-content standards results in inadequate competition;
• obtaining designated items results in unusual and unreasonable delays;
or
• guideline items do not meet all reasonable performance specifications.

The word "reasonable" is key to the above conditions. A procuring agency
cannot exclude guideline items based on unreasonable needs. For
example, recycled paper cannot be excluded based on a brightness speci-
fication that is higher than needed.
How Are the Guide-
lines Enforced?
Anyone who is injured by the failure of an agency to carry out the law
may take civil action, either through that agency's appeal procedures, the
General Accounting Office's appeal procedures, or the federal courts.
There are no provisions in RCRA for federal enforcement of the guidelines.
How Is EPA Helping
to Implement the
Guidelines?
EPA has established several mechanisms for assisting federal and non-fed-
eral agencies in setting up programs and for helping vendors market their
recovered materials to procuring agencies. These include a telephone hot-
line and frequently updated lists of manufacturers and vendors of products
designa-rd in the guidelines.

Cop ' the guidelines listed in the box on the front cover, lists of manu-
fac: s and vendors, and information on purchasing guideline items can
be .. :ained from the procurement hotline by calling (703)
941-4452.
-------
SAMPLE LETTER
PEMORAKDCP FOP. ALL EMPLOYEES-

FROM:
SUBJECT
Office paper recycling program
purpose of this letter is to introduce to all employees cf
(agency) an office paper recycling program
Our agency will be promoting a resource
concentrating initially on separating high
The
the
for our building(s)
recovery program by
grade paper.
The crisis in landfill availability, the waste disposal crisis,
and the new District of Columbia law mandating separation of
office paper and newspapers require that all Federal agencies
support a recycling effort. This program also presents an
opportunity for every individual to participate in protecting our
environment.

By separating high grade offjce paper this, agency .can recover
more than 50% of all waste leaving this building. By selling the
paper the taxpayers, us, will benefit by having the proceeds
returned to the Government, and all citizens will benefit by
reducing the volume of waste in our landfills and the waste
stream, thus protecting the environment.

Effective , 1989, a recycling program will be
implemented in this building. You will be given instructions on
how you can participate. The~program will be simple and
effortless. A more detailed presentation of what constitutes
high grade paper will be scheduled later with attractive
containers distributed to each employee to facilitate the source
separation. A recycling coordinator will also be available to
provide guidance and training.

I look forward to your cooperation and to a successful recycling
program in this (our) building(s).
-------
-------
SAMPLE LFTTER
r FOR ALL BRAfCH CKIEFS-
FFCN:
SUBJECT
Office paper recycling program
Effective ------------------- , 1989, s recycling program will be
implemented in _ (agency narr.e). This program will be
very visible tc both Federal employees and the citizens that
visit this building. Your employees will be given instructions
en how you can participate and I trust you will encourage them in
this endeavor.

The crisis in landfill availability, the waste disposal crisis,
and the new District cf Columbia law mandating separation of
office paper and newspapers require that all Federal agencies
support a recycling effort. This program also presents an
opportunity for every individual to participate in protecting our
environment.

By separating high grade office paper this agency can recover
more than 501 of all waste leaving this building. Ey selling the
paper the taxpayers, us, will benefit by having the proceeds
returned to the Covernment, and all citizens will benefit by
reducing the volume of waste in our landfills and the waste
stream, thus protecting the environment.

The program will be simple and effortless. A more detailed
presentation of what constitutes high grade paper will be
scheduled later with attractive containers distributed tc each
employee tc facilitate the source separation.

It is requested that you, as a _ (manager) of your
division, appoint a responsible monitor and an alternate as a
contact with the agency recycling coordinator. The coordinator
will be available to provide guidance and training. Please
provide this coordinator with the support he/she needs to make
this program a success.
The _ (agency name)
your full support tc succeed.
and to a successful recycling
Office Paper Recyling Program needs
I look forward to your cooperation
program in this (our) building (s).
-------
-------
cn
LU
0
o
UJ
cc
DC
Ul
Q.
Ui
o
E
u.
O
UL
O
II
IS
.OJWOH.
"g- i
SPtJIUOO
Ouiuufid
O
<
DC
UJ
o
DC

O
CO
£
i
o
w
i
&
i
CM
in
-------
«^f
a
UOjieilJJOJUl
o
Q

W
DC
UJ
O
o
2.
UJ
uoipnpey aojnos
uqjsonpa
O
UJ
E
DC
UJ
0.

g
UJ
II
CL
S
SOBJWJOO
Butuuwid
LL
U.

CO
CO
hri

i
UJ
o
DC
iiiiiiii
-------
uoiieuijoju)
o
CO
GC
01
(3

QC
QC
LiJ
0.
Ul
O
E
u.
O
u.
O
I

«
Q n
QJ u.
uwpnpeu aojnos
snieueg
ii
uoiieonpg
spejjuoo
Oufuuttd
CO

O
UJ
o
QC

-------
o
^

cJT
CC
Ul
0
It
*s
o 1
LU
uopnpeu eaunos
.OIMOH.
sij|au«fl
O
Ul
CC
CC
ui
a
UJ
o
IZ
u.
O
u.
O
UOfP9||00
spejjuoo
co
ui
O
-------
f>
uoiieuuojui
c
o
Q

CO
CC
LU
C5

O
LU

DC
LU
O.
LU

O
as
•o
UJ
uoipnpey aojnos
.OJMOH.
I
si
SPBJJUOO
V)
5
<
QC

fc
CD
<

O
z

LU
O
QC

QC 'S

1 I

-------
o
,0,

cJT
OC
UJ
a
II
»- UJ

!
uc
al
£
uapnpeu aojnos
.OIMOH.
•MV

2
S19UIUOO
OC
OC
UJ
Q.

a.
UJ
o
£
u.
o
u.
o

c
o
UJ
o
8
-------
uoiieuuojui
c
o
^

CO
UJ
CD
s
« ^
Si
•o
UJ
uapnpey
O
UJ
DC

DC
UJ
Q.

2
UJ
O
c
u.
O
LL
O
uoip«i|00
uqieonpa
spejjooo
CO
0
<
DC

S
CO
<
Q

<
UJ
Q
DC

O
CO
2 8
I l
li i
ife!!
-------
uoiieuuojui
o
o
UJ
I
LU
o
uapnpey ecunos
.OJMOH.
o
UJ
GC

OC
UJ
0.
UJ
u
ul
u.
o
u.
o
•to
i
S,
UOfKMtlOQ
SOUIUOQ
OuiUMId
<
oc
Q
Z

UJ
o

-------
&
a
UO|}BU1JOJU|
o
,0,

CO
tt
HI
O
o
HI
LT

CC
LU
Q.

2
UJ
O
E
LL
O
LL
O
c
o
«9
«
« _
O 5

•o
LU
uoipnpey
.OI*OH.
uoijoeiioo
0.

s
SPBJJUOQ
CO
O
<
OC

CO
CD
UJ
0
OC

o
CO
-------
uoiieuijoju)

LU
c -i
o r
i*
z
•o
HI
s
uotpnp«y
,0»MOH.
o
LU
QC
QC
LU
Q.
LU
O
c
u.
O
u.
O
UOIP«||00
1°
2
SIOUJOOQ
fluiuund
O
i
&
s
LU
O
I i
-------
uoueiaiojui
o
^

CO
in
o

o
UJ
QC

QC
UJ
O.

UJ
o
E
u.
O
LL
O
»W _
o 2

^
111

o
uoipnpeu
sweueg
uoiiBonpg
2
sjoeijuoo
Ouiuucid
UJ
O
QC

i
-------
CM
(/>
oc
UJ
o
z

d
oc

oc
UJ
a

2
Ul
O
E
u.
O
u.
O
UO!)8UJJO|U|
o

1
o

•n
UJ
uapnpcy aainos
.01MOR,
SPtJBJOO
Butumid
UJ
O
f
-------
O
o
3>
c?T
QC
UJ
h:
O

O
UJ
QC

QC
UJ
CL

UJ
O
c
u.
o
u.
O
CO
UOIliUUOJUl
g
&
It
"*"• ^

o ?
yj
uapnpey aainos
.01 MOW.
S1II9U09
uoijeonpg
fiuiuueid
QC

0
UJ
o
QC

i
3
S
iu
S
1 If ||
P co a P 2.
-------
UOJIBUJJOJUI
c
o

UJ
UJ
o
I
.OI*OH.
uoip»«oo
ucxiBonpg
JB
SP«JJUOO
oc
DC
UJ
Q.
UJ
O
£
u.
O
u.
O
OuiUUBId
O
^^ w
CD
<
a
5
UJ
g

-------
O

CO
DC
LLJ
O

O
LU
oc
QC
LU
a.
LU
O
LL
LJL
O
LL
O

QC
<

CO
It
«• tU
•
UJ
ucxpnpob
.OJMOH.
?
•^^
2
SIOUIUOQ
Ouiuutid
&
<
oc
^
00
<
Q
<
LU
O
QC

i
52 page
-------
CO
uoiieuuojui
o
^

CO
UJ
(0
o
uapnpey
o
0
UJ
oc
c
UJ
a.

2
UJ
o
ZI
u.
O
u.
O
c

2
sionjuoo
CO
O
<
cc

CO
CO

-------
uoueiujojui
SL
-------
03
§
CO
LU
o
o

a
oc
UJ
a.
UJ
o
LL
U.

U.
O
It
3s
3!
uoipnpey eojnos
.01 MOM.
uoipeiioo
UOIJKXC3
2
5PUWOO
CO
CD
O

i
UJ

-------
uoiieuuojui

LU
I

o
•^

S
•o
LLJ
2
.01 MOH.
O
UJ
DC

CC
Ul
Q.

UJ
o
E
LL
O

QC
<
uoipeuoo
uoiieonpg
flufuutld

ffi
<
Q

<
UJ
O
fiC

i
I

-------
uoneuuojui
LLJ
o
LU
3
s
s
uapnpey eoinos
O
LU
QC

QC
W
Q.
QJ
IL
O
s
€0
QC

(0
OC
i
i
!i
?
M
?!
H.M1
«3*^
Hll
iffj
8
9
S
-------
-------
CM
o
^

CO
OC

UJ
o
u

o
UJ
oc

OC
UJ
Q.

UJ
o

u.
O

O
f

ii
i
ugpopey
s
a.

fi
uoiwonpa
SIOUHJOO
Omuuitd
CO
1
&
Q

UJ
O
OC

I
-------
1
-------
UOfieUlJOJUl
o
I
LU
uotpopea
.OJMOH.
uoip«iioo
o
DC
DC
UJ
CL

2
UJ

£
u.
O
u.
O
1
SJOBJIUOO
DC

CO
UJ
O
DC

••«
sir
ill
ii

1
a
-------
in
CM
ii
«3 S
O *
UJ
ui
o
z

o
LU
DC
DC
UJ
O.

2
UJ
o
tl
UL
o
u.
O
Buiuutu
O
UJ
o
QC

O
(0
-------
UO||BUIJOJU|
^F^

CO
UJ
.0

i
•o
LU

o
UJ
OC
QC
UJ
O

E
o
U.
o
S13U1UOO
O

-------
M

9
uopeujjojui
o

CO
QC
LU
O
o

o
LU
OC
QC
LU
a

(L
LU
O
LL
U.
O
LL
O
1
•o
01
o
uoipnpau
.OtwiOH.
uoiltonpa
speiwoo
Buiuueid
0)
o

Q
LU
O
OC

i
-------
UO|ieUiJOJU|
(0
I
0
o

o
LU
CC
DC
114
0.
m
e -8
5 t
*^5 c
ui
o
|i
uaiwnpg
SPtHUOQ
O
u.
O
CO
LU
O
CC

i
1
1 U • ^ ••

nl"5

-------
8
a
a
«
a.
•
c
O
C0
<
QC
LU
L_
5
5
0
z
O
>•
O
LU
QC
QC
LU
Q.
LU
O
u.
O
u.
0
QC

Z>
,eSmnw
«•
SL
C fi
O 2
UJ u.
4

1
D»I
C 5
cf
2 £
H'|
w
5

uapnpey aojnos

.»«H.

sweues

UOjlBniBA^
UOIp9||OQ

uotjBonpi
SJ9HJBW

pejwoo

Buiuucid

0
=
M
CO
Q
Z
LU
O
QC

-?•

"?•

h
s if!
1 i||
g ili
I a 2
1 ||1
H - !?f
2 0 s g 9
f | ffl
ft • • ' H *•
* IP *'
1 1 2&I i
I ffi P* Si i

-------
c
o
Q

CO
DC
UJ
<3

O
cc
oc
UJ
0.
2
UJ
y
u.
u.
o
u.
o
,0
«
g
•D
UJ
E
uotionpeu
.OJMOH.
siijeueg
s.
uoipenoo
uoijeoopg
Oujuuvu
CO
m
<
o
UJ
O
o
CO
-------
n
o
LU

!*
o

o
LU
oc

OC
LU
0.

LU
LL

O
UOIIBUIJOJU)
o
3
•o
UJ
O)
c

2
&
.OI«OH.
b
<
oc
UJ
o
oc

i
-------
UO|lBlU.tOJU|
o
C0
UJ
It
Ul
uo«pnp«y
.OJMOH.
o

a
LU
DC

DC
yj
a.
UJ
O

E
LL

O
u.

O
&
a.

£
uawonpg
9*3tJ|U09
Buiuufld
O
<
oe
LU
O
oc

i
2
t*

If |
s
liiiSi
-------
Recycling
Program
Your Office Paper

Recycling Guide
Supplied by GSA Region 9 for the Federal Recycling Program
-------
Acknowledgement Is gratefully given to the San Francisco
Recycling Program tot materials and information used in this guide.
Permission granted to reproduce this guide for aoo-profu purposes.
Acknowledgment appreciated
-------
How We Can Reduce Waste
Recycle paper. By recycling at the office, we can save money on our garbage disposal bills, earn money fron
the sale of recyclable paper, and help alleviate our mounting garbage problem.

Buy Recycled Paper. Purchasing recycled paper is one area in which government offices can support market
and help utilize a growing surplus of waste paper. In many cases, high quality recycled office and compute*
paper are comparably priced to non-recycled paper. Recycled paper can be used for all your paper needs
including annual reports, stationery, business cards, copier paper, advertising and direct mail.

Make your next report or memo two-sided and set an example. Making two-sided copies and reports will
not onJy save a lot of paper, but money as well.

Buy coffee mugs for all your employees and replace the use of paper or styrofoam cups. The manufacture c f
sryrofoam cups involves the use of blowing agents which are harmful to our environment In a year's time
you may recover the cost of the mugs from savings on disposable cups.

Turn your scrap paper into scratch pads. Ask your reproduction department to do this.

Write rough drafts or informal notes on the unused side of otherwise discarded paper.

Recycle your laser printer toner cartridges. Several companies will remanufacture these for reuse. All vou
have to do is save them. They will either pick them up or supply you with postage paid envelopes, E\ er.
benefits from this program.

Cut down on paper for memos by using routing slips instead of making multiple copies.

Use white paper Instead of colored. White paper is a higher grade than colored and can be recycled mv
more types of paper.

Look into the use of other recycled materials. Several types of quality building, insulation, and conj-trv. •
materials can be obtained with recycled content.

Ask your vendors to minimize unnecessary packaging for deliveries, and to take back reusable item.- - j. -
>tvro:oam pellets and wood pallets.

Negotiate good service contracts and warranties for your office equipment.

Set up an in-house waste exchange program. Many businesses have employees in different Jt-partm,•-•
at dirterent worksites. Establish a centralized place to store items which one department do«^ nor A jrt
jnother rru^ht, such as file cabinets, file folders and old furniture, or set up a bulletin board to J.J vem-
need ror and availability of such items.

Reduce use of your facsimile machine. "Fax" paper cannot be recycled.

Contact •• our coordinator or the GSA regional recycling coordinator at FTS 484-5215 for more micrrrun
any or the above tips.
-------
Assessing \our
Paper Potential
The GSA Region Nine Recycling Program staff is
ready to help you set up an office paper recycling
program tailored to meet the specific needs of your
organization. In addition to this guide, we will
supply desk-top recycling containers, sample con-
tracts, and a variety of promotional materials such as
slide shows, videos, posters and stickers-all free of
charge. Upon request, we will come to your office to
lead introductory sessions for your staff explaining
the "Hows and Whys to Recycle at the Office."

What do we get out of all of this? ... Less garbage to
worry about. There is a limited amount of landfill
capacity left Two-thuds of the existing landfills will
be full by 1995. As the problem grows, so will the cost
to the tax payers in finding new landfill sites. Since
paper makes up the largest portion (about 50%) of the
waste stream, each organization that starts an office
paper recycling program helps to alleviate the Coun-
try's garbage woes. ,,-••

This guide takes you step by step through the process
of setting up a profitable and successful office paper
recycling program. Included are questionnaires, work-
sheets, and sample promotional materials, everything
you should need to make the process as easy as possi-
ble. And remember, our staff is available to help you
if you have any questions at all
Almost all paper is recyclable, but in most office paper
recycling programs, just white paper and computer paxr
(the high grades), are collected. These high grades
command a much higher price, have more stable
markets, and are available in larger quantities than
all other grades of paper.

In general, for a standard office paper recycling pro-
gram, five hundred to one thousand pounds of high grade
paper is the minimum amount required for a pickup.
Five hundred pounds may sound like a lot, but it adds
up quickly given that the average office worker throws
away at least a half-pound of high grade recyclable
paper each day. Fifty or more employees will easily
generate enough paper to set up an efficient program.
Smaller offices can also set up successful programs, out
usually a dealer who collects small amounts of paper
will not pay for it

If your office doesn't generate enough paper, .^u c
ask your building manager if another office in re-
building is already recycling. Or, you might tr. t-.-»
enlist a neighboring office to join with you-coei-trvr
your offices will most likely generate enoueh pjr> <• :o
start a program.

Complete the following Waste Audit and C*»t '-. -- -i:
worksheets to get a better idea of how much :• i:> •
your office generates and the potential earn re- . ,)
costs associated with starting an office paper •- •:
program.
-------
«;te Audit
The questions in the Waste Audit will give you an
overview of your office's disposal needs. You can
refer back to your answers when you are ready to
start designing your program. Be sure to check arirh
the jaritorial s;aff and the building manager to find
out if any "informal" recycling programs are in
place
A. Total Garbage Generation:
1.55 !«».
So En
Avt Ibl gartftgf.
44V
1000 lt»
Toi». aionth
Recyclable Paper Generation:
«. ibw rtcyeiibit
day 10
ial Paper Recovery Rates:
Tow. month
revcliM* ?4p«r
ricovtrtd l«)
B Visual Survey

' • k through a random sample of trash cans on
i. "• tloor: list the mo«t common types of paper
C Confidential Destruction:

If your agency is currently having its confidential materi-
als destroyed, try to integrate these services with your
office paper recycling program. You may be able to get
a better price. Be wary, however, of very low prices-
make sure the materials are really being destroyed.

Many agencies choose to recycle materials that are semi-
confidential as a safer alternative to throwing them into
the trash since the materials are destroyed in the recy-
cling process. The semi-confidential materials can safely
be kept in your office or building until the waste paper
dealer picks them up.

Is your agency currently having its confidential materials
destroyed? Will the destruction company offer you a
better deal if you have them pick up both the confiden-
tial and non-confidential materials?

D. Waste Hauling Operations:

Complete this section ONLY if your agency is directly
responsible for paying the disposal bills.

Garbage disposal company
Size and number of garbage containers)?
Frequency of pickups?
Is garbage compacted?_
Owned ?
Size of compactor?.
Leased?
Garbage disposal costs: per cubic yard?.
Rat fee? Other?
Check to see that your disposal bills reflect your actual
services. You may be paying for more service than you
need. Determine wheliier or not you could get by with
less frequent service, and/or smaller garbage bins. Call
your garbage company if you have questions about vour
disposal services. You may also want to ask about the
possibility olf installing a garbage compactor. Where
installation is feasible, compactors may reduce a build-
ing's disposal costs.

The iRiormation gathered in this section gives vou
baseline information about your disposal needs. Art?r
a recycling program has been in operation for a few
months, and vour recyclable paper is no longer ending
up in :he crash bins, you'll be able to reassess your
disposal rveds.
-------
Cost/Benefit Worksheet
This worksheet will give you a rough idea of the costs and savings associated with starting an office paper recy-
cling program. You may'want to read through the entire guide before filling out this sheet
PRESENT DISPOSAL COSTS:
MONTHLY ANNI'AL
REVENUES
FROM WASTE PRICE/
PAPER SALES TON.'*
TON'S/
MONTH4 MONTHLY
Whin Pipe
Ccntidoiul DtnunonCmv
Ceeiputer Piper
it., mh can*, saaiyium. ttc>
Itam
Mixed Wu»
Other Credw
<
TOTAL DISPOSAL COSTS
TOTAL CREDITS
NET RECYCLING PROGRAM COSTS
(TOTAL COSTS lew TOTAL CREDITS
DISPOSAL COSTS AFTER IMPL EMENTATION SAVINGS:
OF NEW RECYCLING PROGRAM:
MONTHLY ANNUAL
D»9«aiCM»adji»nildo»mi»ar«' so
Present dispoul
cost*
Kt^und Confident! >iaunan Cata.
j i/tv
Caerd JUtor f Ti9M
Net recycling
pngnm costs
Net Averagr
brt » «i
dtalcr ior i pnet that utciudv ptelcup «*fvice&.

4 Ke>« » thi Wane Audit. Senan A. Part (»> tar ih* tarn, month Tigm. £>cra!t -c-
giurn M th« total «nU 9» »r>« paper compuwi p*pai. and nuM Mper
: Thi> workifox w«a adapvd from a* -.SualicuiM WgrkaheM" ^BIJ
Onrgt Luier o( Naa«nai Sm*Cintocut Sina C*i», Califgrna
TOTAL COSTS
-------
Finding the Right Person
to Run Your Program
To run an effective office paper recycling program,
you will need a program coordinator, and, depending
on th<» size of your company, a few monitors. These
people don't need a degree in recycling, but the coor-
dinator should have organizational experience and
good communication skills. Program monitors should
have a good rapport with the staff and a thorough
understanding of how the program works. Also, a
little enthusiasm on the part of the coordinator and
the monitors goes a long way! GSA's Recycling Staff
can train both the coordinator and the program
monitors.

Depending on the size of your agency, the coordinator
will iipend anywhere from a day or two to a couple of
weeks getting a recycling program off the ground.
After the program has started, the coordinator will
need no more than a few hours each month to monitor
the program.
The coordinator is responsible for selecting a waste
paper dealer, developing the collection system,
getting the employees involved, and tracking the
progress of the program. To ensure the program's
success, the coordinator will need support for the
program from the senior officer of the agency.
Although the job has many responsibilities, almost
all coordinators find that the rewards of organizing
a program far outweigh the work involved.

Monitors are responsible for making sure the con-
tainers are relatively free of non-recyclable trash,
notifying the coordinator if a container overflows,
and encouraging employees to participate in the
program. One monitor for each division or floor,
or for every 25-50 employees, is optimal.
~N
-------
Finding the Right
Waste Paper Dealer
Choose a waste paper dealer who will provide your
company with high quality service; price should be
secondary to service when selecting a dealer because
the price of paper can fluctuate dramatically from year
to year, you want a dealer who will provide excellent
service during the market changes. A current list of
waste paper dealers who service your area is available
from your GSA coordinator. Most dealers are also
listed in the yellow pages unde: "Waste Paper." The
following questions will help you select a waste paper
dealer. Once you have selected a dealer, you can in-
clude this information in a written contract

1. What grades of paper are to be collected and what
is the minimum amount required for a pickup?

2. Will the dealer pay you for your paper? If so,
which pricing structure does he use? Several
types are available:

* A floating price that is tied to the paper
industry market index with a minimum
floor price. This method is most often used
because it ensures the best deal for both the
client and the dealer;
• A fixed price for the term of the contract; or,
• A periodic review and adjustment of prices.

3. Will the dealer help you organize and promote
your program?

4. Is the dealer willing to sign a long-term contract?
(A one-vear minimum is recommended.)
5. What is the allowable level of contamination?
(Anything other than the specified grade of pap?r to
be purchased is a contaminant; colored paper is a
contaminant if the dealer has specified tine purcliase
of only white paper.)

6. Will the dealer collect the paper from each centra]
recycling container in your office, or does the paper
need to be consolidated into one main storage a::ea?
(You will receive a better price for your paper if your
staff consolidates into one main storage area.)

7. Will the dealer supply central recycling contiin-
ers to use throughout the office and large bins for the
main storage area?
8. Will the dealer provide
pickups?
"scheduled" or "on all"
co^^
9. Does the dealer offer destruction services for
fidential materials? Do these services meet your legal
requirements for the materials' destruction?

Keep in mind that GSA may have an existing co-itract
for waste paper disposal already in place in you:
area. Check with your coordinator.
-------
Keeping the Recyclable
Paper Out of the Trash
1. A successful office paper recycling program be-
gins at each employee's desk. The coordinator should
g.ve ever/ employee a small sturdy desk-top container
for storing recyclable paper at his or her desk. When
the employee's desk-top container is full, he or she
s .mply empties it into one of the larger central contain-
ers located throughout the office. (Upon request, we can
pfovide ycur agency unth free identification stickers for your
central containers and desk-top containers that list what can
a.td can't be recycled.)

Stationing one central container for every fifteen to
twenty employees throughout your office is optimal.
Clearly Uibeling the containers, 'Tor White Paper Only"
and "For Computer Paper Only", will help to prevent
employees and visitors from using the central contain-
as trash cans. Placing regular trash cans near the
recycling containers will also help to minimize
trash. It's best if the central containers look
different than your trash cans. Most dealers will sup-
ply central recycling containers; however, you may
want to purchase your own containers to match your
office's decor.

Consider these points when deciding where to station your
central reveling containers:

• Where are the copy machines and other
paper generating equipment located?
• Are there any other common work areas
that could accommodate the central
recycling containers?
2. To get the most benefits from your recycling pro-
gram, use in-house staff to consolidate the paper
from the central containers into one main storage
area. (See Step 5 for consolidation tips.) There are
several benefits to using in-house staff to consolidate
the paper

• You will receive a better price for your paper
because you will be able to accumulate larger
loads;
• You will avoid overflowing central containers
that may occur if the dealer cannot immediately
respond to your call for a pickup; and,
• You will not need to have the dealer go through
your office to remove the paper during working
hours.

The main storage area should be organized to
minimize accidental mixing of trash with recyclable
paper and it must meet local fire requirements, the
waste paper dealer will help you determine what size
storage space is necessary; typically, you will need a
space that is at least 4 feet by 2 feet Ask your build-
ing manager and/or the waste paper dealer to help
you select your main storage site. Most companies
keep their main storage bin(s) in the basement or
loading dock area of the building. Keep in mind the
following points when selecting your site:

• Is the site large enough?
• Can the site be locked?
• Is the site protected with sprinklers?
• Is there a freight elevator? is it easily
accessible to your site?

You will still have other options even if there is no
area large enough to accommodate the main storage
bin. Have your consolidation staff station the paper
in a temporary storage area where it can be picked up
the same or next day. Or, have the dealer collect the
paper directly from the central containers located
throughout the building.
-------
Getting the Paper
w to the Storage Area
Most office paper recycling programs work best when
integrated with existing janitorial operations—janitors
simply collect the paper from the central containers
and transfer it to the main storage bin. Some compa-
nies use an alternating collection system in which the
janitors collect the recyclable paper one night and the
trash the next

When introducing the janitors to the new recycling
program, explain that they are hancUing the same
amount of materials, they are simply emptying the
regular trash and the recyclable paper into separate
bins. Many companies add the responsibility of pick-
ing up the recyclable paper into the janitor's contract
when it is up for renewal.

Other personnel such as mail room staff, equipment
porters, or other under-utilized staff can also consoli-
date the recyclable paper.

If the janitors are not involved in the collection of the
recyclable paper, make sure that they are informed
about the program so that they don't accidentally mix
the paper with the regular trash and throw it away.
Consider these points when deciding who can best
consolidate your paper from the central containers to the
area:

• How many custodians service your
building?
-• Are the custodians in-house, contract,
or union?
• Is there a daytime shift and a nighttime
shift? If so, which crew could best handle
the consolidation duties?
• Are there porters, mail room staff, or other
personnel who could handle the consolida-
tion duties?
-------
, Getting Your
9 Staff to Participate
Promotion is the key to ail successful recycling
programs. Employees will participate if they are
well informed about the program and its benefits.
We iccommend three separate steps for your promo-
tion campaign—a kick-off memo, educational sessions,
and publicity. Sample memos to help you in all three
stagts of promoting your program are included in this
section.

In addition, you may want to send out a short survey
to your staff before you start your program to gauge
the Uvel of interest in recycling. Most people will
agre? mat recycling is a good idea, and once they have
dom- so, are more likely to participate. You may also
be able to recruit a program coordinator and monitors
by conducting a survey.

Kick-off Memo:
Send out a kick-off memo announcing the start of the
program signed by a senior officer of the organizatioa
(If the memo is not from the senior officer, be sure to
indicate his or her support to give the program addi-
tional credibility.) In the memo, highlight the benefits
of the program and explain the separation and collec-
tion procedures. Also, include information on where
the revenue from the program will go. Adapt the
following sample kick-off memo, (A.), for your
company.
Educational Sessions:
Encourage all employees to attend a brief infor-
mational session about the program. The sessions
have proven to be far more effective than memos in
achieving both higher levels of participation and less
confusion over what is, and what is not recyclable.
The sessions can be incorporated into a regular staff
meeting and the "do's and don'ts" as well as the
benefits of the program can be thoroughly explained.
The GSA Recycling Program staff is available to lead
these sessions.

It's helpful to provide a "How-to" memo at the
session. (See sample B.) Once your program is up
and running, be sure to inform any new employees ;
about the recycling program as part of their orienta-
tion.

Follow-up Publicity:
Reinforcing the new recycling habit is very important.
Quantities recycled, revenue earned, disposal cost
savings, and any problems such as putting trash into
the central containers or low participation rates can
all be highlighted in follow-up memos. Continual
reminders will help maintain a successful program.
We recommend that you send out "recycling up-
dates" every quarter. Some ideas are provided in
section C. to include in your follow-up memos. Call
the GSA Recycling Program for additional ideas.
-iim-
-------
A. Sample Kick-off Memo
TO: ALL XYZ AGENCY EMPLOYEES

FROM: JANE DOE, PRESIDENT

DATE: MAY 24,1989

SUBJECT: OFFICE PAPER RECYCLING AT XYZ AGENCY

Studies show that each office worker throws away an average of a half-pound of recyclable paper every
day. Thaf s the equivalent of (X TONS) a year from our office alone. This means that over (X trees) and
(X gallons of oil) are needed each year just to keep our office afloat in paper.1 We're starting a recycling
program to put this paper to better use. By recycling, we'll lower our garbage disposal costs, earn reve-
nue from the sale of our paper, and do our part to improve the environment

Participation in this program will require only small changes in your daily habits. You will be given a
desk-top container for storing white paper and computer paper. When your desk-top container is full, .
simply empty the contents into the central container nearest your desk. The locations ot the central con-
* tainers will be:

NEXT TO ALL OF THE COPY MACHINES,
ROOMS 200, 319, AND 452,
OUTSIDE THE COFFEE ROOM.

Please attend a short orientation session to learn more about how the program works. Three fifteen min-
ute sessions have been scheduled for June 15,1989. The sessions will start at 9:30 AM, 10 JO AM, and 130
PM. Your supervisor has a sign up sheet Your participation in this program does make a difference! For
every piece of paper you recycle, you will:

• Protect the environment and save natural resources;
• Conserve scarce landfill space; and,

If you have any questions about the program, please contact JOHN SMITH, at x-4635. Thanks for your
cooperation.
' (X TONS) = (X EMPLOYEE) x .5 US. x 240 WORKING DAYS/YR. * 2,000 Ibs.)
(X Trees) = 17 trees x (X tons) of paper
(X gallons of oil) s 662.5 gallons of oil x (X tons) of paper
-------
Sample "How-To" Memo for
Educational Sessions
TO: ALL XY2 AGENCY .EMPLOYEES

FROM: JANE DOE, PRESIDENT

DATE: JUNE 15,1989

SUBJECT: OFFICE PAPER RECYCLING AT XYZ AGENCY
HOW THE PROGRAM WORKS:

You will be given a desk-top container to go on or near your desk. When you're through using any white
paper or computer paper, simply put it into your desk-top container instead of the trash caa When your
dssk-top container is full, empty the contents into one of the central containers stationed on your floor. Pa-
P»r is much more valuable when it is separated by grade so please put the white paper into the "white paper
only" container and computer paper into the "computer paper only" container. All central containers will be
dearly marked. Thaf s the end of your involvement— if s that easy!

Because we all have a lifelong habit of just throwing something away when we're finished using it, it may
bike some time to remember not to throw the recyclable paper into the trash can. You have to think about it
at first, but in a very short time it will become just another one of those things you do.

Please keep all colored paper, magazines, glossy paper, carbon paper, newspapers, soda cans, half-eaten
sandwiches, etc. out of the recycling containers! If you're recycling an old report, please remove the covers,
any colored paper, and plastic bindings. Metal staples and small paper dips do not need to be removed.
Check the list on your desk-top container if you are not sure about what items are acceptable.

I:: you are "cleaning house" and getting rid of a lot of oid forms or files, let your program coordinator know
ahead of time so that the waste paper dealer can be called to bring extra containers or to do extra pickups. If
tne central containers fill up before the scheduled pickup, try pushing the paper down, the container may just
be full of a lot of air. If the container is definitely full, find a box to use for the overflow and ask the coordi-
rator to call for a pick up.

TLJST A FEW REASONS FOR RECYCLING:

• Solid Waste: It has been estimated that each man, woman, and child produces an average of four
founds of trash every day, almost 1 ,500 pounds a year. Most of this garbage gets buried in a landfill, and we
i.ie running out of landfill space at an alarming rate.

• Papof Production: As many as seventeen small trees are required to make one ton of paper.
Recycling slows the demand for virgin timber fibers and lessens the strain on our forest resources.

. Energy Conservation: Up to 64% less energy is required to produce paper from waste paper
instead of from virgin wood pulp. In the case of office paper, the equivalent of almost three barrels of oil
is saved for every ton of paper recycled.

• AIT and Water Pollution; The manufacturing of paper from used paper instead of from trees
? reduces almost 60% less water and air pollution.
Conservation: The manufacturing of recycled paper uses only half of the water that is
required in the manufacturing of virgin paper.
-------
C Follow-Up Publicity
1. List the quantity of paper recycled by your com-
pany over a period of time. Divide the number of tons
(pounds) recycled by the number of employees to get
the amount of paper recycled per person.

2. Let employees know if too much of the wrong types
of paper are being mixed in with the recyclable paper.
Remind them of what is and what is not acceptable.

3. List the earnings from the program and where the
proceeds are going.

4. List any garbage disposal cost savings if available.

5. Compute the energy and environmental savings
from your company's recycling program:

* tons recycled x 17 trees * # trees that don't
need to be cut down

each ton of recycled paper produced requires
approximately 4,102 KWH less energy than
virgin paper production

# tons recycled x 380 gallons of oil * # gallons
oil saved

the manufacture of recycled paper requires
7.000 less gallons of water per ton compared
to nonrecycled paper

= tons recycled x 3 = # Cubic yards of landfill
>aved
i. ConeT-atuiate employees for a job welt-done.
't ou ma;- even wish to offer specific incentives and/
T rewards :o the department or Boor with the best
rarbcipjcion.

" Let the employees know how they can recycle in
:neir home- You can get free recycling guides from
-,ne GSA Rc-c% cling Program.

-• C ircu i jte oracles about recycling that appear in the
rjrvr let :.-!«? employees know that recycling is some-
• -;rc thjt •.> happening everywhere as a part of careful
•v j-;e rrjru cement.
Other Ideas:

Once a successful recycling program is in operation, you
may wish to take further steps in reducing your waste.
Here are some of our ideas. You may create others. If you
do, please let us know and we will share them with other
organisations who recycle.

1. Recommend that the agency buy only white paper
since colored paper is not collected in most program.').
Also suggest that the agency buy recycled paper.

2. Encourage all your employees to follow these
waste reduction hints:

• Make two-sided copies.
• When circulating memos, use a single copv
with a routing ship instead of multiple copies
for each person.
• Use the blank side of your used paper
scratch paper, then recycle it

3. Set up programs to recycle other material* -UI.M is
glass, aluminum, newspaper, and cardboard Cj.l •..-*
recycling divisions of your local garbage c
about recycling these materials (your wastr
dealer may pick up some of these materials js> * •
Often, programs to recycle these materials or r^i •><.
the building -onager for all of the terune in *J"w
building.
-------
Making it Work
Successful office paper recycling programs all have
four elements in common:

A capable and enthusiastic program coordinator;

A secure market for recyclable paper;

A simple and reliable collection system; and

An effective employee education and publicity program.

Garbage disposal costs are continuing to escalate, forests
continue to be depleted, and landfill space is becoming
more and more scarce, so why not start a program
today? Your investment in an office paper recycling
program will pay off practically from the start, and the
returns will increase with each year. Call the GSA
•cling Program and our staff will help you get
started.

Look Who's Recycling:

AT&"
The Eank of California
Bronson, Bronson & McKinnon
California Bicyclist Magazine
California League of Conservation Voters ~
Chevron Chemical Co.
Crow ley Maritime Corporation
Dimviddie Construction Co.
Ecolcgy & Environment
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation - FDIC
Friends of the River
Home Insurance Company
Institute for Food and Development Policy
Levi Strauss & Co.
MacWeek Inc.
McK>sson Corporation
People for Open Space
The Recorder •
The Jian Francisco Foundation
Sierr.i Club Legal Defense Fund, Inc.
Unocal
Here's What Others Say About Office Paper
Recycling:

"I was a 'casual' recyder until about six months ago.
While working on a major copying project I noticed
just how much paper I was throwing away. Then it hi
me how much waste must be occuring on my floor, in
my building, and throughout the City—it boggled my
mind. I am now an ardent recyder and fill my desk-
top container almost daily."

jolin Sage, McKesson Corporation

"I've been recycling paper at the office for at least five
years. Recently I transferred to a new department and
was shocked to learn that there were no recycling bins.
! was so accustomed to recycling that I couldn't imag-
ine just throwing away my paper. I called the City's
Recycling Office and now everyone in my new office is
recycling."

Mary Pat Downing, City and County
of San Francisco

"We recycle because it makes good economic sense, j
We've cut our disposal costs in half. Recycling is good i
for the environment good for the City, and good for ;
our business."

Ray Quilicy, AT&T

"I began a recycling program at our firm about six
months ago. It has taken some effort but we finally hit
our estimated 'one ton per month' mark. If s a great
feeling to know that our company is doing its part to
improve the environment and on top of that raising
sorely needed funds for the AIDS Foundation."

Marian Bilheimer, Branson, Bronson & McKinnon

-------
-------

Section 5.0
Recycling in Federal Offices:
Educational Materials for Employees
-------
-------
*l
INVEST IN THE
ENVIRONMENT

U.S. GENERAL
SERVICES
ADMINISTRATION
L"
THE DIVIDENDS
WILL LAST
A LIFETIME
-------
CONSERVING ENERGY IN
FEDERAL BUILDINGS

From 1973 to 1985, GSA reduced energy con-
sumption by 43 percent in buildings we own or
operate. GSA's energy consumption rate is
currently 38 percent below the govemmenrwide
average. The Federal Energy Management
Improvement Act of 1988 requires
govcmmentwide cuts of another 10 percent by
1995. To meet this goal, GSA has established an
ambitious energy reduction plan for the buildings
we own, operate, and lease—without com-
promising tenant satisfaction.
GSA's Energy Usage Analysis System Manage-
ment Center in Ft. Worth, Texas, is the hub of
our energy conservation program. The center
takes data from all utility bills paid by GSA
nationwide, analyzes consumption, spots trends,
and ensures that GSA is charged according to the
correct rate structures. Using data supplied by
the center, energy specialists target each building
in the inventory for energy-saving capital
improvements and changes in everyday building
operations and maintenance.
In Fiscal Year 1990, GSA spent $10 million on
90 energy conservation projects. GSA is spending
S30 million for 320 projects in FY 1991, and has
planned projects costing another $30 million for
FY 1992. Projects funded include the installation
of:
• energy-efficient lighting
• computerized energy management and
control systems
• insulation
• replacement windows
• improved heating and air conditioning
systems

BITTING ENERGY-EFFICIENT
APPLIANCES
GSA contracts for refrigerators, freezers, ranges,
washers and dryers, dishwashers, and window air
conditioners to ensure the best energy value. In
the contract year 1989-90, energy savings on
these appliances totaled mote than $900,000.
GSA—INVESTS
The
The U.S. General Services
Administration—tbe government's
business manager—is investing in tbe
environment. Working closely with tbe
Environmental Protection Agency, otbe
Federal agencies, and tbe private secto
GSA helps tbe Federal government save
energy, recycle used materials, and
purcbase products that contain recycle*
materials.

MANAGING THE FEDERAL
RECYCLING PROGRAM

In September 1990, GSA established the national
Federal Recycling Program to enable Federal agencies
to recycle used office materials, inform other agencies
of new developments in recycling, and promote the
use of products matle from recycled materials.
Aware that most Sates and the District of
Columbia have enacted recycling laws, GSA
believes that recycling pays environmental and
economic dividends by conserving landfill space,
energy, and raw materials, and protecting air and
water quality.

RECYCLING OFFICE PAPER, NEWSPAPER,
GLASS AND ALUMINUM
GSA helps other Federal agencies recycle office
paper, newspaper, glass and cans. GSA offers desktop
containers for office paper and large containers to
hold a variety of recyclable materials, sets aside areas
within Federal buildings where recydables can be
stored, and lets contracts for pick-up and sale of
recydables. GSA also offers advice to any Federal
agency interested in setting up its own program.
High-grade, white paper constitutes at least one-
third of the waste in Federal offices and is, therefore,
GSA's highest priority. GSA will establish recycling
programs for office paper in all GSA-owned
and operated facilities with 100 or more employees
and where markets for the waste paper exist by
January 1, 1992. •
-------
THE ENVIRONMENT
7ill last a Lifetime
BUYING RECYCLED PRODUCTS FOR
FEDERAL CUSTOMERS
Every year GSA establishes contracts worth millions
of dollars so that Federal civilian agencies, the
military, and even the White House can buy recycled
products. Products range from ordinary office
supplies to shipping boxes and retread tires. With its
multi-billion-dollar purchasing power, the Federal
government has the opportunity to be both an
important market for recycled goods and a strong
influence in their development.
Because manufacturers will not produce large
quantities of recycled materials without a good
market and Federal procurement officials won't place
orders unless they are assured of a steady supply,
GSA's policy is to buy large quantities of recycled
goods to stimulate the recycling industry. The next
issue of GSA's supply catalog will identify those
products that contain recycled material and the
percentage of recycled content in each item.
PAPER-GSA currently buys 700 different recycled
paper products totaling more than $140 million each
year. Products include toilet paper, paper towels,
cardboard boxes, office stationery, computer paper,
and file folders. Copier paper will be added this year.
The 120 Federal specifications for these products
meet Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
guidelines for recycled material content. In the case
of corrugated boxes, GSA requires 40 percent
recycled content while EPA asks for only 35 percent.
The prices we pay are in line with prices for new
products—with no compromise in quality.
RETREAD TDLBS-Unng EPA guidelines, GSA
has contracted for retread tires for light trucks and
buses. Testing for passenger vehicle retread tires is in
process. GSA has already established contracts in
some areas of the country so that Federal agencies
can have their own casings retread and will help
other agencies develop individual contracts where
they do not now exist.
INSULATION-Using EPA guidelines, GSA offers
its customers building insulation containing from 9
to SO percent recycled materials. Products include
cellulose insulation—essentially ground
with a chemical fire retardant—and mine
insulation, commonly called rock wool
fiberglass.
TONER CARTRIDGES-GSA lets
with firms that market recharged toner
for laser printers, small copiers, and micro -
photographic equipment. They will rechai ge
your empty cartridges or sell already recharged
cartridges. Recycling cartridges saves alma t 50
percent of the cost of buying new ones.
CARPETS—Transforming soda bottles md
catsup bottles into carpets is the latest GSA
project in the new world of recycling plasics.
GSA contract specialists are working with
manufacturers to develop performance an<
testing standards for resiliency, color fastn ss, fire
retardancy, and durability. (It takes about
two-liter soda bottles to make one square
36
yard of
carpet.)
LICENSE PLATES-When cost-cfiecnjve,
GSA recycles old license plates and buys r ew
ones for Federal vehicles from aluminum
recycling plants.
FURNITURE—Instead of buying new
furniture, GSA lets contracts worth miltio is of
dollars with firms that repair and refurbish
furniture for Federal offices.

INTRODUCING ALTERNATIVE-FUJI,
VEHICLES
GSA, because it manages about 25 percent of
the entire Federal fleet, is working with the
Department of Energy to introduce into he
marketplace vehicles that run on alternati * fuels.
These Federal purchases are designed to s imulatc
the manufacture of these vehicles and col ect data
on their operation. Use of alternative rue s is
expected to lessen dependence on imported oil
and—because the fuels often bum cleaner than
gasoline—improve air quality. So far, 65 j edans
that operate on methanol or unleaded ga olinc
have been.assigned to Federal agencies in San
Diego, Los Angeles, Detroit, and Washir gton,
DC. Fifty eight-passenger vans that run an
compressed natural gas are on order for 1992.
Plans are also underway for purchasing vehicles
that will run on ethanol.
-------
OVERSEEING A NATIONWIDE
RjDESHARING NETWORK
GSA heads a nationwide network that fosters
energy conservation on the way to and from the
office. Since 1980, the Federal Ridesharing Program
has been promoting the use of carpools, van pools
and public transportation to conserve gasoline,
improve air quality, reduce traffic congestion, and
reduce commuter expenses. Environmental experts
estimate that if each person commuting to work
would include another rider, the Nation would save
600,000 gallons of gasoline a day and would prevent
the emission of 12 million pounds of carbon dioxide
into the atmosphere.
INVESTING IN THE ENVIRONMENT
BECAUSE THE DIVIDENDS ARE WORTH IT

• The average office worker generates approximately
1.55 pounds of office waste per day. Without
recycling, the paper would be sent to landfills.

• Each ton of paper recycled saves 3.3 cubic yards of
landfill space, 17 mature trees, 7,000 gallons of
water (half the amount required when making
paper from wood pulp), 380 gallons of oil, 4,100
kilowatt hours of energy (enough to power the
average home for 6 months), and 60 pounds of air
pollutants. Manufacturing paper from recycled
fiber uses 64 percent less energy and creates 74
percent kss air pollution and 35 percent less water
pollution than using virgin fiber.
* In the Washington area alone, GSA contracts
cover removal and sale of high-grade paper and
newspaper from more than 280 locations. In
1989, approximately 15,000 tons of paper were
recycled under these contracts, saving
approximately 50,000 cubic yards of landfill space,
250,000 trees, and 100 million gallons of water.
• There are nearly one million Federal employees
7,000 GSA buildings nationwide. If all of diem
were to recycle high-grade paper, the United
States would save 220,000 cubic yards of landfill
space, 1 million trees, 465 million gallons of
water, 25 million gallons of oil, and 272 million
kilowatt hours of energy—enough to power
33,000 homes for a year.

• The returns for glass and aluminum recycling
programs can be even greater. Both glass and
aluminum are 100-percent recyclable; that is, there
is no loss of quality when glass or aluminum is
melted and reformed.

• Melting used glass saves 35 percent of the energy
required to make glass from raw materials.

• Recycling aluminum cans saves 95 percent of the
energy to produce aluminum from ore.

• Recycling one aluminum can saves enough energy
to light a 100-watt bulb for 3.5 hours. Recycling
aluminum saves rime in the manufacturing
process, and decreases our reliance on imported
bauxite ore.

To LEARN MORE ABOUT GSA'S
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS, CALL ...

• Recycling in Federal Buildings
• Energy Conservation in Federal Buildings
(202) 501-0971 or FTS 241-0971

• Ridesbaring
(202) 501-0507 or FTS 241-0507

• Buying or Setting Recycled Products
• Alternative Fuel Vehicles
(703) 557-8646 or FTS 557-8646
Federal Recycling Program
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
-5 - 'a
g ^ -=
z s.
11
.2 '= •£
'E.rf sj;:
''
.£_.
-a
•3
a.
o
rf
5
w
i

.s
1
•i
"Jnf
a
I
y;
0
O
t ft
b as
fc. . s
0 -./: »<
LM O U
" '— ->
S II
w C 0 •"
% s s a
c = a a
C C .x
a L> * S
1 1 i'l
c g c-3
O llJ '™>^ -T-J
K SO c
Si) so "
ij ^ c9 y;
3 g § S
- c s a
' S ^ x
b c o -
^S 3 -C jg
S < os
&
5
TJ
c:
a
3 o
£ a
I a
rz! ca
o~
c °

||
•15
M1 ^ 32-

c 1 | =3 = 1 € J 2 c
Mills
v c . c '•" n
- 5 '" £ :S |
ng,

mat
^>I^

'i •= b S
3 £•£ *
>• ^ c c

"^ C S r^
•^ y; w U
f'S
g a
„ c
separa

and ul

3 '
^- ^ •*•
ajs S.-S
S § •§•- 1
IT ill -- ' ^^ Ci
^ ^ a a a
o
C/5
. -o

I'!
I 2
-f£
2* 5

m
in
^i
on
B
£J wi
'_» t>
^ 3
O i_

S S

|£

II
c 2

II
S'
o
?
a

so
<« y.
4) ^*

X j_
;j{

i i
> u
e
3
-a

* £
MJ c

.£ M
^ t:
•j o
x c

i-
c
p
H
a
±r.
S.
su
£
O.
Several kinds of collection

T3
C
rs
y;
S
I
Ml
S
,ts
local governments, nonproi
>> §_ • >
!l|l
S|1D
li-sg
> OUT; -s
S 2 >, •>
3 s. a^
ts SS •". S
I.S'g-S
^H | jS
private enterprises.
Curbside collection is thi
- a c
t> ^
•§,§•1
g-s i
o is -°
^ Q. k.
2.3 3
o ,2 «J
-g C.-S
3-3 e
•M.S
* £ >
c
?3
E
.2
-3
'S
>

ex
3
-x:
<^
'B,
.•§
vs
•£'
3
U
^
—
're
c
3

33
•^
£>
O
,>»
o
c^
locations for processors or

i*5
!"s
'c
u
o
_c
C3

>\
s •*
i/:
.a
c
a
1-s
p
centers pay consumers for
a
2
V.
c

•SS

g|
= S c S
£.E
ing

tream
Re

wa
-';•=
g E
S^
3 C

S^
sij.t;

is
£l

tf'illl!^s
•- a •£-.'• ° 5 2 s
:i;5-"=J3|?J-c
^* ^

S fr
i*
« c
-------
so
S
o
•o
Cft

IS?
x
C.W

TO S
1
Si
5T

I
ii
1
"
I

I
i.*
n -an
O B) O
- S S
•fl
.
a
<7Q

GOES
930 31BAIJJ JOJ Aj|BU3d
ssauisng (epi^o
DO '
A'S '193JIS
sajeis
P^ios P
.
i i
M
i
E
-------
Ri:nci.i\(,
Recycling
in
Na ional
Parks
Miscellaneous - 49
The U.S. Department of the Interior's
National Park Service (NFS) has initi-
ated recycling programs in national parks
throughout the country. Over 100 national
parks currently have recycling programs; this
number is expected to grow as NFS imple-
ments a new, comprehensive solid waste
management program. Materials collected at
national parks each year include aluminum
(over 76,000 pounds); glass (more than
345,000 pounds); paper (nearly 160,000
pounds); oil (over 12,000 pounds); plastic
(730 pounds); and miscellaneous materials
such as cardboard, chipboard, and newspaper
(over 570,000 pounds). These recycling
efforts are not only valuable to the Park
Service, but also serve as excellent examples
to the thousands of people who visit national
parks each day.

Materials Collected Annually at National
Parks for Recycling
Yosemite National Park, for example, has
had an arrangement with its concessioner for
over 12 years to jointly collect and recycle
solid waste. The materials collected and
recycled inc.ude aluminum, glass, paper,
waste oil, plastics, and cardboard. The conces-
sioner uses the profits from the recycling
effort for special projects to benefit the park.
such as revegetation of meadows. Another
park, the Statue of Liberty National Monu-
ment (STLI), recently initiated a compost
program for organic lawn wastes (such as
grass clippings and leaves) which were previ-
ously sent to a landfill. The compost is an eco-
nomical source of soil amendment for the
Implementing
Procurement
Guidelines
A \
S>
park's horticultural needs, and reduce i the
solid waste generated at STLI by aboi 14 tons
or 20 cubic yards per year.

In an innovative cooperative effort between
government and industry, Dow Chem cal
Company is arranging for the collectic n, trans-
portation, separation, and recycling of plastics,
aluminum, and glass waste for selecte '
national parks. Dow is also developinj;, in co-
operation with NFS, a public educatio i
program aimed at encouraging park vi liters to
participate in the recycling effort. Pilo
projects are beginning in 1990 at Acac ia
National Park, Great Smoky Mountain s
National Park, and Grand Canyon Nat onal
Park.

To stimulate and strengthen the ma kets
for recyclable materials, EPA has issued
procurement guidelines requiring fede al
agencies, grantees, and contractors to 1 >uy
certain products made of recycled mat rials.
To date, guidelines have been issued for five
product types: building insulation proc ucts,
cement and concrete containing fly asl,
paper and paper products, lubricating < ils
containing re-refined oils, and retread ires.
Additional guidelines are also being pi mned.
A number of federal agencies are now suc-
cessfully implementing these procuren ent
guidelines. For example, EPA buys recycled
paper for printing 95 percent of all EP; i pub-
lications. All of EPA's letterhead is alsa
recycled paper.

The Joint Committee on Printing (J' ?P),
the Congressional committee responsil le for
setting standards for printing paper boi ght by
the federal government, recently issuec
specifications for government procurer lent of
recycled paper. This action makes the f :deral
government one of the largest purchase rs of
recycled photocopying, printing, and writing
papers in the world. It also sends a mes >age
to the paper industry that the federal
government (which buys about 2.5 pen ent of
the paper industry's production, includ ng
486,000 tons of printing paper each ye< r) is a
ready market for competitively priced
recycled paper products. The first tnid loads
of newly purchased recycled copier pa| «r
will be delivered to EPA and several 01 her
federal agencies in the Washington, D{', area
in the early fall of 1990.
-------
Tools for
Developing
Successful
Programs
A wealth of information and assistance is
/V available to guide federal agencies that
wish to begin or expand recycling efforts—
collecting materials for recycling, procuring
goods made with recycled materials, or both.
The listing below describes several new
resources that can help an agency make its
recycling program a success.
Ollice Paper Recycling: An
This EPA handbook provides detailed
guidance for personnel responsible for
developing and implementing office paper
recovery programs. It includes information
on assessing an agency's recycling potential,
finding markets for paper, and educating
employees. A case study of EPA's paper
recovery program explains how that program
became a success.

The manual is particularly useful for
recycling coordinators in federal institutions
and agencies since it explains federal regula-
tions and policies, as well as the assistance
available from the General Services Admini-
stration. In addition, the principles outlined in
the manual would be helpful to anyone
planning an office paper recovery program,
including state and local government
agencies, commercial businesses, and other
private organizations.

To order, call the RCRA/Superfund
Hotline at 1-800-424-9346 and ask for EPA!
530-SW-90-OOI.
This handbook presents general information
about developing and implementing an office
recycling program (for paper, glass, alumi-
num, plastics, and other materials). It
addresses the five key components of a
comprehensive office recycling program:
education, collection, marketing, procure-
ment, and monitoring and evaluation. It
GSA's
Federal
Recycling
Program
r; i\ i I.DI.RM \(,i \( II s
Many of EPA's regional offices also have
active recycling programs. Region 4 (Atlanta,
Georgia), for example, collected almost
139,000 pounds of paper, glass, and alumi-
num in the first year of its recycling program.
Region 4 is also initiating a volunteer
speakers program for outreach to schools and
community and business groups. Region 7
(Kansas City, Kansas) is working to promote
a "recycling ethic" through its program,
which targets paper, aluminum, and laser
toner cartridges.

The General Services Administration
(GSA) provides technical assistance to
federal agencies in the Washington, DC, area
in developing and implementing office
recycling programs. GSA-assisted paper
recycling programs are already operating, and
programs for bottles and cans are planned to
begin in the fall of 1990.

To date, GSA has assisted federal
agencies establish paper recycling programs
at over 140 locations. Employees use desktop
collection containers to sort high-grade recy-
clable paper and empty these containers into
centralized containers located in each office,
copy center, or computer center. The
custodial crew then takes the paper to a
loading dock or appropriate storage area for
pickup by a GSA contractor. Over 250,000
federal employees in the Washington, DC,
area generate recyclable paper, and GSA
expects to collect 25,000 to 30,000 tons of
paper in FY 1990. As of May 1990, GSA had
sold 212,000 desktop containers and 17,000
centralized containers for use by agencies in
the DC area as well as several other regions.
GSA also encourages agencies to collect
lower grades of paper in large quantities, and
will be expanding its program to include
newspaper in the near future.
-------
RKCYCLlNCi /A I EDI.R \I.
!n-Hcuse
Recycling
Prog'am
O ince 1988, a group of volunteers at EPA
O Headquarters in Washington, DC, has
worked to instill a recycling ethic in the
Agency. EPA's office paper recovery program
is now collecting an average of 65 tons of
paper per month, sorted into high-grade (such
as letterhead, publications, white copier, and
computer paper), low-grade (such as colored
paper and file folders), and newspaper. Each
employee receives a two-part desktop
container for the collection of high- and low-
grade paper. Office areas are equipped with
centra] collection bins where employees
deposit the contents of their desktop contain-
ers. Copy centers are supplied with 44-gallon
barrels for paper collection. Collection bins
have also been set up for old newspapers.

A voluntary glass recycling program has
also been initiated at EPA Headquarters.
Seven glass collection containers or "igloos,"
provided to EPA by the DC Council of
Churches and the Glass Packaging Institute,
are located outside EPA's main building.
These igloos lire available for community as
well as employee use; many residents drop off
glass during the weekends. EPA is now the
largest recycler of glass in the DC area,
collecting 22,000 pounds of glass per month.
Proceeds fton the glass collection are shared
by EPA and tfte Council of Churches. The
funds received by EPA (about $2,500 in FY
1989) have been donated to EPA's Early En-
vironments Child Daycarc Center. Another
component of EPA's in-house program is the
aluminum can collection program begun in
July 1990. An average of 500 pounds of
aluminum cans are collected each month.
Proceeds from aluminum can recycling also
go to the daycare center.

The Agency also ran a 14-week program
called "Operation Cleanup" during the spring/
summer of 1990. Employees were asked to
clean up their file cabinets and desks and
separate their recyclables from the trash: Over
170 tons of recyclable paper were collected—
more than twice the amount of trash collected
during the cleanup. Reusable supplies (such as
vinyl folders, computer paper, and file
folders) also were collected and will be
recycled through the Agency's supply store.
provides step-by-step guidance for begin ling
a recycling program as well as useful inf >r-
mation for fine-tuning programs mat are
already operating.

To order, call the EPA Headquarters
Recycling Office at (202) 382-6980.
Office Recycling
Handbook

EPA and GSA- Regions
This handbook provides a general int x>
duction to office recycling, and describe: the
steps that make up a successful program:
selecting a coordinator, evaluating the
office's waste stream, deciding what mat :ri-
als to recycle, minimizing waste generati m,
and educating employees. Detailed appei di-
ces include information on topics such a<
waste collection options, waste hauling, i om-
monly recycled materials, contaminants i n
the recycling stream, and sample kickoff
memos. A list of helpful references and
publications and a glossary of recycling 1 erms
are also included.

To order, contact the Waste Managen em
Division of EPA Region 5 at (312) 886-0176.
Decision-maker's Guide to Solid
Waste Management— Volume 1
and
EPA developed this Guide primarily
help state and local solid waste decision-
makers. It should also assist managers of
large federal installations and those inter :sted
in integrating federal recycling programs
local community programs. The Guide re
fleets the multi-faceted nature of today's
evolving waste management technology.
Volume I, which is now available,
information to help decision-makers undir
stand and evaluate their current waste ma n
agement problems. It also presents possil le
solutions, and describes the interrelation! hips
among recycling and other waste manage
ment options. Vohime 2, which is expect :d
be available in the winter of 1991, will
, conta ns
to
-------
u;/:\f //.s
contain detailed information directed at
managers responsible for implementing and
integrating the chosen waste management ap-
proaches.

To order, call the RCRAISuperfund
Hotline at 1 -800-424-9346 and ask for EPA/
530-SW-89-072.
Technical Assistance for
Recycling Coordinators
EPA is developing training materials to
educate recycling coordinators and building
managers about what they need to know to
develop, implement, and maintain a
recycling program. These materials include
course materials for seminars to train
recycling coordinators and educational/pro-
motional materials for individual employees,
such as slide shows, posters, and brochures.
In a series of pilot programs, EPA will help
set up recycling programs in federal facilities
and will monitor the success of the training
and educational materials.

For more information, contact the US.
EPA Office of Solid Waste at (202) 382-
6261.
GSA Training Programs tor
Oftice Recycling
GSA provides technical assistance to
federal agencies in the Washington, DC, area
that are interested in developing recycling
programs for office paper, newspaper,
aluminum cans, and glass. GSA works one-
on-one with federal agency representatives
who wish to set up recycling programs, and
provides additional training sessions,
including a slide show and/or a video
presentation, for individuals assigned to
implement recycling within agency offices
(or for all employees, if desired). GSA~also
offers use of existing waste hauling contracts
for removal of recyclables.

For more information, contact GSA's
Federal Recycling Program at (202) 501-
0348.
Recycling:
It Makes
Sense...
...And
It
Works
In recent years, citizens, industry, and
government at all levels have begun using
innovative approaches to challenge the
"throwaway" ethic that has dominated the
nation's solid waste management practices.
Recycling is an increasingly attractive option,
and has gained support in communities
across the country, because it can help
conserve natural resources, reduce the
amount of waste sent to landfills, reduce
disposal costs, and provide an alternative
source of raw materials for industry. As part
of a nationwide strategy, the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) set a goal
of recycling and reducing at least 25 percent
of the nation's solid waste by 1992. In many
areas of the country, including the District of
Columbia, state and local laws require that
government agencies and private organiza-
tions recycle.

Federal agencies can play a strong leader-
ship role in promoting recycling by setting up
programs within their organizations that are
positive examples for their local communi-
ties, other agencies, and the rest of the nation.
The immediate benefits of such efforts can be
impressive as well. Most federal offices, for
example, could reduce their waste disposal
costs by as much as SO percent simply by
separating out their high-grade office paper
for recycling.

Collecting recyclable materials is only part
of the recycling "loop," however. Procure-
ment of recycled goods is also necessary to
stimulate markets and complete the recycling
"loop." EPA has established procurement
guidelines requiring the federal government
to buy certain products made from recycled
materials. Many state and local governments
are also actively procuring products made
with recycled materials.

~\/f any federal agencies have already int-
IVi plemented recycling programs; others
are just beginning. This brochure describes
several successful and innovative programs
that have been initiated in the federal
government, and lists some of the resources
available to federal agencies to help them
establish or expand a recycling program.
-------
RECYCLING /A/ FEDERAL AGENCIES
Recycling
is
Doable!
Federal Agency Recycling
Conference
The Federal Agency Recycling Conifcr-
ence, cosponsored by EPA and GS A, is
bringing together senior-level administrators
from the 197 federal agencies in the Wa: h
ington, DC, area to promote recycling, ajtd to
discuss regulations, policies, and issues
regarding pollution prevention, waste m m
agement, and procurement of recycled gpods
in government agencies. A second conft
ence will be held for directors of facilitii
and directors of procurement in federal
agencies. It will provide detailed guidan ;e
for developing and implementing recycl ng
and procurement programs.

For more information, contact the £
Headquarters Recycling Office at (202)
6980.
Procurement Guidelines
Hotline
1111%
the
as
ab-
EPA's procurement guidelines req
federal government to buy certain product
made of recycled materials. EPA has e
lished a telephone hotline to respond to
questions about the guidelines from ag jicies,
vendors, and the general public. Copies |of the
guidelines are also available through th
hotline.

For more information, call the Proc ire
mem Guidelines Hotline at (703) 941-
A s demonstrated by the many succe
/». programs being implemented in
agencies across the country and the we; 1th of
helpful resources, recycling can be don: and
done effectively. But collecting recycla ale
materials is not enough. Federal agenci ss
must be knowledgeable about all aspec s of
developing, implementing, and operaii ig a
recycling program. They must also do heir
pan to complete the recycling loop by my ing
products made from recycled materials
Through recycling and procurement, tt
federal community can lead the countr
solving the solid waste dilemma.
52.
sful
-------
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
EPA/530-SW-90-082
October 1990
Solid Waste * Emergency Reipoma (OS-305)
Recycling
in Federal
Agencies
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------