-------
-------
i
i
I Robert S. Kerr
| Environmental Research Laboratory
"
_ K Revised
I ^
s? ' May 1992
I
I
I
_ Compiled by
I Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
I
I
I Office of Environmental Processes and Effects " ------
Office of Research and Development
I
I
I
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
CD
to US EPA Headquarters Library
1=2 401M St., SW (3404)
. Washington, DC 20460
I
-------
11
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
CONTENTS
RSKERL Background 1
USEPA Office of Research and Development 2
RSKERL Organizational Chart 3
Active Projects 5
Project Descriptions
Site Characterization 13
Contaminant Transformation 25
Contaminant Transport 29
Ground-Water Modeling 35
Subsurface Remediation 41
Underground Injection Control 53
Wellhead Protection 55
Technical Assistance and Information Transfer 61
Publications (1990-1992) 63
1U
-------
IV
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
RSKERL BACKGROUND
The enactment of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act in 1961 provided for the construction of a number of
regional laboratories to address increasing water pollution problems indigenous to the areas they would serve. In
1966 one of these was placed in Ada, Oklahoma. It was named for Robert S. Kerr, a long time U.S. Senator from
die State, in honor of his dedication and concern for conservation and the development of our natural water resources
and his pioneering legislation in environmental legislation.
Initially the Laboratory provided technical assistance, presented training, and conducted research to solve water
pollution problems in Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. In 1970 the Laboratory's role was
expanded and became one of fifteen research facilities administered through EPA's Office of Research and
Development in Washington, D.C. and in 1979 the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory (RSKERL)
was designated as EPA's center for ground-water research by the Assistant Administrator of the Office of Research
and Development.
Today the Laboratory focuses its activities on research, technical assistance, and information transfer in the areas
of soil and ground-water protection and restoration. Although the research activities at RSKERL are extremely
varied, they center in great measure on understanding, modeling, and applying the basic principles involved in the
physical, chemical, and biological processes which drive contaminant transport and transformation in the subsurface.
For the purposes of this document, the active research investigations are discussed according to the following
categories.
Site Characterization
Contaminant Transport
Subsurface Remediation
Wellhead Protection
Contaminant Transformation
Ground-Water Modeling
Underground Injection Control
In addition to its inhouse researchers and support personnel, the RSKERL research mission is advanced by a cadre
of extramural researchers representing universities, national laboratories, other federal agencies, the National Center
for Ground Water Research, and on-site contractors. RSKERL currently has 71 active research projects. In addition
to those being carried out by RSKERL scientists, others under the auspices of the Laboratory are being carried out
in 21 states while working with 23 Universities, 9 other federal agencies, and 3 state agencies. RSKERL is
conducting research cooperatively with Canada, Sweden, and the People's Republic of China.
Technical assistance at RSKERL falls within the purview of the Technology Support Center (TSC) which carries
out its mission in close association with the Laboratory's research scientists. Assistance is provided by direct
participation in field investigations and decision criteria primarily at specific Superfund and RCRA sites. Assistance
is also provided to Regions, States, and municipalities related to the underground injection control and wellhead
protection programs. Technology transfer endeavors include issue papers and briefing documents, workshops,
seminars, conferences, and training courses. The RSKERL Technology Support Center consists of a core team of
scientists and engineers supported by RSKERL and extramural researchers, the National Center for Ground Water
Research, the RSKERL Center for Subsurface Modeling Support (CSMoS), and an on-site technology support
contractor with off-site subcontractors and consultants. The RSKERL TSC is discussed in greater detail elsewhere
in this document.
While many inroads have been made toward the solution of environmental problems, new challenges are now in
evidence for which there are no immediate answers. In addition to the myriad of hazardous waste sites which have
contaminated the subsurface environment, other agricultural and domestic practices graphically illustrate a lack of
knowledge concerning the disposal of waste products and the protection of ground-water quality.
1
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Assistant Administrator for Research
and Development
I
Office of Modeling
Monitoring Systems &
'Quality Assurance
Office of Environmental
Processes & Effects Research
Office of Environmental
Engineering & Technology
Demonstration
Athens Environmental
Research Laboratory
Duluth Environmental
Research Laboratory
Gulf Breeze Environmental
Research Laboratory
Office of Health &
Environmental Assessment
Office of Health
Research
RJS. Kerr Environmental
Research Laboratory
Corvallis Environmental
Research Laboratory
Narragansett Environmental
' Research Laboratory
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
Organizational Chart
Office of the Director
C&aaiW.HoU
Director
Administrative Support
Staff
JunmUL-Kingtry
CHef
Processes mo Systems
Research Division
Dr.CarlG.EffieU
Director
Extramural Activities
and Assistance Division
Mario* R. Sea?
Director
Subsurface
Processes
Branch
Chief
Subsurface
Systems
Branch
Dr.Steptun G. Sdunettlng
Clutf
Extramural Activities
andEvahiatlon
Branch
James F.McNabb
CUef
Applications and
Assistance
Branch
JobiE.UaOie»>s
Clue/
-------
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
ACTIVE PROJECTS
Site Characterization
I'T-IR Studies of the Sorplion Properties
ol' Soil and Aquifer Organic Material
ManTech/RSKERL
Separation and Identification
of Aquifer Organic Matter
ManTech/RSKERL
Characterization of Organic Matter
in Soil and Aquifer Material
Western Michigan University . .
Electromagnetic Properties
of Contaminated Soils
ManTecIi/RSKERL
13
14
14
15
Hydrological Studies and Data Base
Development for the Walnut Creek
Watershed in Support of the MASTER
Project
USDA
Multiphase Flow in Soils: Modeling
and Experimental Study
University of Colorado
15
16
Spatial Heterogeneity of Gcochcmical
and Hydrologic Parameters Affecting
Metal Transport in Ground Water
USGS-Menlo Park
16
Characterization of Inorganic Colloids
and Subsurface Aquifer Materials Using
Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray
Diffraction
USGS-WRD Sacramento
17
Development of New Techniques for
Determining Total Organic Carbon in
Contaminated Aquifer Materials
ManTech/RSKERL
17
-------
Electromagnetic Properties ., ' . ;, >, \ ; '
of Contaminated Soils
ManTech/RSKERL 18
Field Evaluation of the Conjunctive Use
of Mathematical Models and Laboratory .
Microcosms
USGS-Reston lg
I E
Construction of Dual Source
Gamma Ray Absorption Systems
RSKERL 19
Fracture Characterization and Fluid Flows
NRC/NAS ' 19
* t
Field Evaluation of Natural Anaerobic
Bioremediation of Alkylbenzenes (BTEX)
from a UST Spill
RSKERL , , 20
Rapid Phase Identification of Mixed Crystalline
Solids Using Surface Techniques for
Assessment of In-Situ Aquifer Remediation
Oregon Graduate Institute 20
Laboratory Methods for Generating Input
Data for Modeling Pump-and-Treat
Remedial Actions
RSKERL : . 21
Electromagnetic Borehole Flowmeter .
Development and Demonstration for
Gcohydrologic Assessments
TVA V '.. .. 21
Characterization of Subsurface , .
Contamination and Transport Potential
to Ground Water at a Chrome Plating Site
RSKERL 22
. " ' f
Field Methods to Estimate the . .
Rate of Aerobic Bioremediation
USAF-Tyndall Air Base 22
GIS Application and Geostatistical
Analysis of Hardeman Co. Landfill
ManTech/RSKERL 23
-------
I Exposure 1'rediclion Protocol I'or
! Supcrlund KciiicdialitHi Projects
i - Oklahoma Health Sciences (denier 23
Contaminant Transformation
Biodegradation of Pesticides
: in Aquifers
; ManTech/RSKERL "... 25
Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Reactions
Between Haloaliphatics and Environmental
Reductanls at Mineral Surfaces
Stanford University 26
Adsorption Mechanisms of Ionic Solutes '
on Natural Heterogeneous Materials
Oregon State University 26
A Rccombinant Approach to the Isolation and
Characterization of a Primary TCE Dcgrader
NCGWR/OSU 27
Contaminant Transport
I Transport of Inorganic Colloids . . . ,
in Subsurface Systems
RSKERL ! 29
Surfactant Enhanced Solubilizalion
of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
RSKERL '. 30
, Multiphase Chemical Transport
in Poms Media
Princeton University 30
!!
Solute Transport in Structured
Porous Media
RSKERL ' : .' .'. .". 31
Solute Transport under Time-Variant
Mobile Phase Composition
RSKERL 32
i:
; Three-Dimensional Modeling of Subsurface
!! How, and Fate and Transport of Microbes
and Chemicals
i Penn State University 32
-------
Graphical Interface Development
for the Princeton DNAPL Model
University of Vermont
Artificial Aquifer Studies-East Aquifer
ManTech/RSKERL
33
33
Ground-Water Modeling
Performance Testing of Ground-Water Models
Oregon State University
Expanding Knowledge Bases and Advancing Utility
of Ground-Water Models for Management
Colorado School of Mines
Validation of the Approximate
Multiphase Flow Models
RSKERL
35
36
36
Development and Calibration of Computer
Models Describing Bioventing of Hydrocarbons
from Saturated Subsurface Material
University of Massachusetts
Expanding Knowledge Bases and Advancing Utility
of Ground-Water Models for Management
Colorado School of Mines
37
37
Identification and Compilation of
Unsaturated/Vadose Zone Models Possibly
Applicable to Setting Soil Remediation
Levels at Supcrfund Sites
Colorado School of Mines
Evaluation of Unsaturated/Vadose Zone
Models for Superfund Sites
Oklahoma State University
38
38
Compilation of Saturatcd/Unsaturaled Zone
Models and Development and Application of
Testing Methods and Benchmark Cases
Colorado School of Mines
39
Site Characterization of Ground-Water Flow
and Transport in Fractured Rock Systems for
Improvement of Pump-and-Treat Remediation
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
39
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Subsurface Remediation
Anaerobic Processes in the
Subsurface Environment
RSKERL 1 : 41
Chlorobenzene Bioreactor Pilot Study
RSKERL 42
Feasibility Study for Bioremediation
of Trichloroethylene Contaminated Soil
at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ
USGS-New Jersey District 42
Hot Water Recovery of Light Waste Oils
RSKERL 43
Assessment of Solvent-Enhanced Desorption and
Mobilization of Polychloiinated Biphenyls
RSKERL 43
Role of Protozoa in Aquifer Biorestoration
ManTech/RSKERL 44
Reclamation by Biopiling of Excavated
Soil Contaminated with Semivolatile ' ' " '
Petroleum Organics
University of Texas ' 44
Denitrification for Bioremediation
of a Refinery SpiU
RSKERL ; 45
Evaluation of Denitrification for
Biorestoration of a JP-4 Jet Fuel
Contaminated Aquifer <
USGS 45
TCE Biotreatment Demonstration Project
ManTech/RSKERL 46
Field Evaluation of Bioventing of .
Hydrocarbons from Unsaturated
Subsurface Material
U.S. Coast Guard 46
Test-Bed Evaluation of In-Situ Bioremediation
;. of Chlorinated Aliphatic Compounds by
Toluene Monooxygenase-Containing Bacteria
Stanford University 47
-------
Surfactant Enhanced Remediation
or Subsurface DNAPL Contamination
University of Oklahoma ' 47
Evaluation of Technologies for Cleanup
of DNAPL Contaminated Sites
University of California 4g
Investigation of Surfactant Enhanced
Remediation of Aquifers Contaminated by
Dense, Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids
University of Michigan 48
!
Super Computer Simulation of Pump-and-Treat
Methods for Aquifer Restoration
University of North Carolina 49
Co-Oxidation of PCBs During Metabolism
of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
ManTech/RSKERL 49
Passive Anaerobic Remediation of
BTEX Compounds in Ground Water
North Carolina State University 50
Forced Aeration for On-Site Remediation
of Hydrocarbon Spills
U.S. Park Service 50
China-U.S. Soils and Ground-Water
Remediation Research
Beijing Municipal Research Institute
of Environmental Protection 51
Underground Injection Control
Methods of Determining Mechanical
Integrity of Injection Wells
East Central University 53
Injection Well Mechanical Integrity
East Central University 54
Potential for Invasion of Underground Sources
of Drinking Water Through Mud-Plugged Wells:
An Experimental Appraisal
Oklahoma Slate University 54
10
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Wellhead Protection
llydrogcologic Mapping to Delineate
Wellhead Protection /ones Around Springs !
Stale of Utah 55
The Development of a Risk Management
Strategy for Wellhead Protection
University of Miami 56
Determination of Subsurface
Assimilative Capacity
RSKERL 56
Delineation of Wellhead Protection Zones:
Consideration of Virus Transport
University of Arizona 57
Demonstration of the Analytical Element
Method for Wellhead Protection
Indiana University 57
Capture Zone Delineation:
Models and Experiments
New Mexico Institute of
Mining and Technology 58
Capture Zone Delineation Using the EPA
WHPA Model and Other Codes: A Comparative
Study in Ellis County, Kansas
RSKERL 58
Technical Assistance and Technology
Transfer in Wellhead Protection
RSKERL 59
Contaminant Identification and
Classification
University of Oklahoma 59
National Center for Ground Water Research
NCGWR 60
I
I
I
11
-------
12
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
SITE CHARACTERIZATION
Site characterization research is conducted in order to improve the
ability to assess risks associated with a contaminated site, evaluate
the need for corrective action, and select as well as evaluate the
effectiveness of proper remediation technologies. Exposure
assessments must be based on an awareness of geologic,
hydrologic, geochemical, chemical, and biological characteristics
of the site. Research in this area is aimed at the development of
methods of investigation and interpretation in order to determine
the parameters which describe a site and define their spatial
distribution.
KI-IK Studies of the Sorption Properties
til' Soil and Aquifer Organic Material
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PRRIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVHSTIGATOR:
ManTcch/RSKERL
(Steve Schmelling/Roger Cosby. P.O.)
1050
12/90 - 06/92
Bill Lyon
Fred Busche
FTS: 743-2220
FTS: 743-2236
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The project is designed to describe the sorption of pollutants to organic materials in soils and aquifer materials.
The work requires not only the equilibrium capacity of sorplion, but also an idea of the strength (or energy) of sorption. The
strength of the chemical bonds involved in sorption is one factor potentially influencing bioavailability and degradation kinetics
of pollutants in the subsurface. Methods for determining these factors are needed. The frequency shift of vibrations of probe
molecules in their sorbed and solution (e.g., dilute CCL4) states can be used. This FTIR-based technique can be used to define
Hie nature and number of sorption sites on naturally occurring organic material and minerals. The investigation will result in a
report on the Sorption Properties of Soil and Aquifer Material.
13
-------
Separation and Identification . : ''''. ''''.
of Aquifer Organic Matter
INSTITUTE: ManTech/RSKERL
(Candida West/Roger Cosby,
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
lii- l'ro|n;rlies
of Contaminated Soils
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
ManTccli/RSKERL
(Carl Enfield/Roger Cosby, P.O.)
1055
07/90 - 12/92
Fred Busche
FTS: 743-2236
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT:' (See Project 2041) The project is designed to conduct exploratory research to evaluate the feasibility of using the
electromagnetic properties of subsurface materials and contaminants in the radio frequency range as a site characterization tool.
Laboratory experiments will be carried out to develop measurement techniques and a data base of electromagnetic properties of
contaminated soils in the radio frequency range. In addition to a preliminary report on Methods Development, a report on the
Elcctromagnclic l»roperties of Contaminated Soils will be issued.
Hydrolngicai Studies and Data Base Development
lor the Walnut Creek Watershed in Support of
the MASTER Project
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
USDA - National Soil Tilth Laboratory
(Michael Jawson, P.O.)
1067
03/92 - 09/94
J.L. Hatficld
ABSTRACT: With respect to hydrological studies, the object of the project is to quantify the coupling between the ground and
surface wiilcr in the upper reaches of the Walnut Creek watershed and the movement of water in the shallow alluvium. Also
included is ibe assessment of ground-water flow and quality in the Skunk River alluvium. Available information on ground-water
will he compiled with respect to agricultural chemicals in the Western Cornbell Ecoregion. Data elements collected by each
MASTER investigator will be incorporated into a compatible and accessible data base for use by all investigators.
15
-------
Multiphase Flow in Soils: Modeling ' t
and Experimental Study * '
INSTITUTE: University of Colorado
(James Weaver, P.O.)
TASK NO: 2036
PROJECT PERIOD: 07/90-05/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Tissa Dlangasekare Comm: (303) 492-6644
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this project is to make detailed laboratory measuremeats of the distribution of water, an oily phase,
and air during and after simulated spills and rainfall events. The purpose is also, to measure the necessary model parameters so
that experiments can be used to test simple models developed at CU and RSKERL. The existing dual-gamma system at UC-
Boulder will be used to determine fluid distributions in laboratory columns after intermittent applications of the oily phase and
water. Several scenarios, which correspond to assumptions in the models to be tested, will be simulated. Saturated conductivities
and capillary pressures will be measured using a flow-pump technique in order to determine the basic data needed by the models.
Experiments will also be run in a two-dimensional tank to evaluate the usage of one-dimensional models. A final report will
be prepared on Laboratory and Modeling Studies of Multiphase Flow.
Spatial Heterogeneity of Geochemical
and Hydrologic Parameters Affecting
Metal Transport in Ground Water
INSTITUTE: USGS - Memo Park
(Robert Puls, P.O.)
TASK NO: 2038
PROJECT PERIOD: 05/90 - 09/93
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:- James Davis Comm: (415) 329-4484
ABSTRACT: The object of the project is to determine the principal mineral phases responsible for heavy metal sorption in a
well characterized sand and gravel aquifer, describe the geochemical variability at the site, and investigate correlations between
gcochemical and hydro-logical heterogeneities. Detailed batch experiments will be designed to investigate both the kinetics and
quasi-equilibrium aspects of metal sorptive behavior together with detailed geochemical site characterization techniques involving
core collection and analysis using; x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, magnetic separation,
and surface area measurements. Outputs of this investigation will include articles on Mechanisms of Metal Sorption in Sand and
Gravel Aquifers and Spatial Variability of Metal Sorption in Sand and Gravel Aquifers. A research brief will also be prepared
on the Spatial Heterogeneity of Geochemical and Hydrologic Parameters Affecting Metal Transport in Ground Water.
16
-------
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Cluiriu-tvri/atinu of Inorganic Colloids
uml Subsurface Aquifer Malt-rials Using
Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Kay
Diffraction. '
INSTITUTE: USGS - WRD Sacramento
(Robert Puls, P.O.)
TASK NO: 2039
! 1'KOJliCT PERIOD: 05/90-09/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Terry Rees Comm: (619) 557-6700
ABSTRACT: -The goals of Uie project will be accomplished using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray
(SliM-EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to characterize colloids and natural aquifer material used in laboratory experiments
investigating the facilitated transport of contaminants via colloidal mobility. Colloidal particles, collected on oucleopore filters,
will he preserved and analyzed for particle size, shape, number, and mineral identification. XRD will also be used to characterize
natural aquifer material collected from a number of sites around the Country and used in laboratory batch and column tests. The
results of tliis study will result in a scries of Internal Data Reports.
Development of New Techniques for
Determining Total Organic Carbon in
Contaminated Aquifer Materials
INSTITUTE: ManTech/RSKERL
(Roger Cosby, P.O.)
TASK NO: 2040
PROJECT PERIOD: 03/90-03/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Bob Powell FTS: 743-2236
FredBusche FTS: 743-2236
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The object of this work is to develop instrumental methods that could provide an accurate overall TOC value for
aquifer material contaminated with volatiles, and to quantify volatility-based ranges of the organic carbon present. If successful,
correlations with partitioning studies performed on contaminated samples will be evaluated to determine whether sorption
predictions can be made from the data. The possibility of using the instrument as a separation technique for GC or GC/MS will
also be considered. The proposed total organic carbon analyzer will be built and evaluated for its usefulness in determining
organic carbon on a variety of sample types. These will include, but not be limited to, standard reference materials, pristine
aquifer materials and soils as well as contaminated soils and aquifer materials. These materials will be selected to vary a number
of parameters such as moisture, carbonate, organic carbon, nature of the organic carbon (natural or anthropogenic), and volatility
of the organic carbon. Results will be compared to standard techniques for determining TOC, and also to partitioning studies
being performed at RSKERL. This project has produced poster and slide presentations as well as progress reports. A final
internal report will be prepared.
17
,
-------
Electromagnetic Properties '
of Contaminated Soils
INSTITUTE: ManTech/RSKERL
(Carl Enfield/Roger Cosby, P.O.)
TASK NO: 2041
PROJECT PERIOD: 07/90 - 12/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Fred Busche FTS: 743-2236
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: (See Project 10SS) Exploratory research wilt be conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using the electromagnetic
properties of subsurface materials and contaminants in the X and gamma ray range of the electromagnetic spectrum as a site
characterization tool. Laboratory experiments will be conducted to develop measurement techniques and a data base of
electromagnetic properties of contaminated soils in the X and gamma range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In addition to a
preliminary report on Methods Development, a report on the Electromagnetic Properties of Contaminated Soils will be prepared.
Field Evaluation of the Conjunctive Use
of Mathematical Models and Laboratory
Microcosms
INSTITUTE: U.S. Geological Survey - Reston
(John Wilson, P.O.)
TASK NO: 2048
PROJECT PERIOD: 06/89 - 08/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Gail Mallard FTS: 959-5720
Comm: (703) 648-5720
»
ABSTRACT: The objective of the project is to determine whether the distribution of reductive dechlorination products of
trichloroethyiene in an actual plume of contamination can be predicted by incorporating biodegradation rates of trichloroethylene
and ciS'dichloroelbylene, determined in anaerobic laboratory microcosms, into a solute transport model. A flow path exhibiting
reductive decblorination has been identified by analysis of water from monitoring wells on the Picatinny Arsenal in New Jersey.
Cores were acquired along the flow path and were used to construct anaerobic laboratory microcosms. Rates of degradation will
be incorporated into a comprehensive solute transport model of the site. The predictions of the model will be compared to the
actual disposition of reduction daughter products along the flow line in the field. In addition to a proceedings paper, a final report
will be prepared jointly between EPA and the USGS titled, "Quantitative Description of Natural TCE Biodegradation in an
Aquifer."
18
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Construction of Dual Source
Camina Kay Absorption Systems
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
RSKERL
2050
01/91 -01/93
Eva Davis
James Weaver
FTS: 743-2346
FTS: 743-2420
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The objective of the project is to design, build, test, and calibrate a dual energy gamma ray absorption system for
[he nun-destructive laboratory determination of fluid content, bulk density, and/or solute content in porous media. The use of
two different energy sources will allow the. determination of two different unknowns. The gamma system will be used for
studying multiphase flow in both one-dimensional and two dimensional soil models. The final product for this project will be
a User's Guide for the system.
fracture Characterization and Fluid Flow
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
National Research Council/National Academy
of Sciences (Stephen Schmclling, P.O.)
2052
07/91 - 09/92
Peter SmcaJie
Comm: (202) 334-3137
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to review, synthesize, and integrate recent research concerning techniques and
approaches to fractured rock characterization and fluid flow in fractured geologic settings. A committee composed of
approximately 10 recognized experts from the fields of geology, geomechanics, geophysics, hydrology, and geochemistry met
July 23-26, 1991, to review the status of current research, identify problem areas, explore mechanisms to advance die Meld, and
''offer guidance to federal agencies. The work will culminate in a report on Fracture Characterization and Fluid Flow.
19
-------
Field Evaluation of Natural Anaerobic ' . .
Bioremediation of Alkylbenzenes (BTEX)
from a UST Spill
INSTITUTE: RSKERL
TASK NO: 2061
PROJECT PERIOD: 02/91 - 10/92
PRINCIPAL l
INVESTIGATOR: John Wilson FTS: 743-2259
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The goals of this project ate to devise and evaluate procedures that can be used to assess the 'rate and extent of
natural anaerobic bioremediation of alkylbenzenes (BTEX) released to ground water by a fuel spill from an underground storage
tank. A gasoline spill will be characterized to define the source area, trajectory, and velocity of the plume. Three sets'of stacked
vertical cluster wells will be installed along the plume. The travel time for water and the extent of BTEX attenuation between
well clusters will be used to calculate first order rate constants for BTEX biodegradation. A final report of the findings will be
published.
Rapid Phase Identification of Mixed Crystalline
Solids Using Surface Analytical Techniques for
Assessment of In-Situ Aquifer Remediation
INSTITUTE: Oregon Graduate Institute
(Bob Puls, P.O.)
TASK NO: 2066
PROJECT PERIOD: 06/92 -
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Carl Palmer
ABSTRACT: The objective of this investigation is to develop computer software techniques at metal sites for scanning tunneling
microscopy with x-ray analysis for rapid and routine use as a site characterization and aquifer remediation assessment tool.
20
-------
I
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Laboratory Methods for <»enerating
Input Data Tor Modeling
I'ump-and-Treat Remedial Actions
INSTITUTE: RSKERL
TASK NO: 3017
PROJECT PERIOD: 11/88-10/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Susan Mravik FTS: 743-2234
Carl Enfield FTS: 743-2410
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The project is designed to develop and demonstrate methods for measuring sorption and desorptkm kinetics of
.neutral hydrophobic contaminants in soils containing a water-immiscible, residually-saturated fluid phase. In unconsolidated soils
.static and dynamic tests for both sorption and dcsorption of contaminants will be compared to determine if physical agitation
modifies the equilibrium concentration. Using consolidated porous cores, both sorption and dcsorption will be measured as a
function of flow velocity. In addition to a proceedings describing the methods, a journal manuscript will be prepared.
Electromagnetic Borehole Flowmeter
Development and Demonstration for
Geohydrologic Assessments
INSTITUTE: Tennessee Valley Authority
(Randall Ross, P.O.)
TASK NO: 3027
PROJECT PERIOD: 09/90 - 07/92
I «
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: William Waldrop Comm: (615) 632-1901
ABSTRACT: .The objective of the project is to develop a field worthy borehole flowmeter from a prototype, prepare
implementation procedures, and develop a method of data analysis such that the discreet variability of microflows can be
measured between thin bedded porous and fractured or cavernous media. The electronic controls of the instruments will be
simplified by incorporating printed circuit boards and the complete instrument package will be rigorously tested for durability,
accuracy and precision in the laboratory. The instrument will (hen be demonstrated on at least three Superfund sites containing
a variation of geohyrologic conditions. A user's manual wilt be developed and two workshops will be presented to demonstrate
field techniques. A User's Manual for the Application of EM Borehole Flowmeter Techniques will be prepared as well as a
report on the Demonstration of EM Borehole Flowmeter at three Superfund sites. Two workshops on the use of the flowmeter
will be held at RSKERL.
21
-------
Characterization of Subsurface
Contamination and Transport Potential
to Ground Water at a Chrome Plating Site
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
RSKERL
3029
07/90 - 06/92
Robot Puls
Fred Pfeffer
FTS: 743-2262
FTS: 743-2305
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The object of the project is to use state-of-art analytical and geostatistical techniques to characterize an inorganic
contaminated site, and to assess the mobility potential of contaminants at the site. Field portable x-ray florescence (XRF)
technology will be used in conjunction with geostatistical software to characterize the extent of metals contamination in the
vicinity of a chrome plating shop at a Coast Guard site in Elizabeth City, NC. Laboratory batch and column studies will also
be performed to assess the mobility potential of contaminants within the sediments at the site. In addition to a data report, an
internal report will be prepared.
Field Methods to Estimate the
Rate of Aerobic Bioremedatkm
INSTITUTE:
TASK NUMBER:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
USAF-Tyndall Air Base
(John Wilson, P.O.)
3044
08/91 - 12/92
Bruce Neilsen
Comm: (904) 283-2942
ABSTRACT: The project is designed to develop reliable, simple test methods to estimate the rate of aerobic bioremediation at
field sites. Two methods on dehydrogenase activity and depletion of soil dissolved oxygen will be devised for application at field
site remediations. A joint USAF/RSKERL report will be prepared.
22
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
GIS Application and Geostatistical
Analysis of Hardeman Co. Landfill
INSTITIITK: ManTech/RSKliRl.
(David Burden/Roger Cosby, P.O.)
TASK NO: 3045
PROJECT PERIOD: 03/91 - 05/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Xiaoyj Zhang FTS: 743-2245
Fred Busche FTS: 743-2236
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The objective of the project is to characterize the hydrology of the site utilizing site information, geologic maps
of the urea, well-logs, soil maps, and site investigation records. Modeling activities will also be performed to better characterize
the movement of water and contaminants beneath the site. This information will then be used to provide input on optimal
locutions for interdiction wells in the proposed pump-and-treat scenario for ground-water remediation. The approach will consist
of using RSKERL's expertise in ground-water modeling coupled with recently acquired Geographic Information System (GIS)
hardware and software to belter understand ground-water contamination at a Superfund site.
Exposure Prediction Protocol for Superfund
Site Remediation Projects
INSTITUTE: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
(Jerry Jones, P.O.)
TASK NO: 3062
PROJECT PERIOD: 04/92 -
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: David Johnson Comm: (405) 271-2070
ABSTRACT: The objective of the project is to develop equipment and protocols which will assist in determining worker
exposure to airborne volatile materials at hazardous waste remediation sites. The work encompasses the design, development,
and validation of a methodology for evaluating potential community and worker exposures to hazardous airborne materials during
site rcmcdiations. Included arc: the design, development, and testing of simple, low-cost, specialized sampling equipment;
development of a sampling and analytical protocol tailored to the data requirements; laboratory and field validations; exposure
model development; and on-sitc validation. The project will result in a scries of Draft Technical Papers on each subphase and
a Final Project Report.
23
-------
24
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
CONTAMINANT TRANSFORMATION
Research is aimed at describing the hydrologic, abiotic, and biotic
processes which influence the transformation characteristics of
contaminants in the subsurface. With the realization that the three
processes are inseparable and act simultaneously, the ultimate goal
of this research is to integrate their influences into a unified
understanding of contaminant behavior in complex subsurface
environments.
Biodegradation of Pesticides
in Aquifers
INSTITUTE:"
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
ManTech/RSKERL
(Michae! Jawson/Roger Cosby, P.O.)
1033
; 07/88 - 01/92
Jim Sinclair
Fred Buschc
FTS: 743-2302
FTS: 743-2336
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The objective of this project is to develop methods to predict the biological degradation of pesticides in aquifers
and to correlate the hydrologic and geologic properties of aquifers to the capacity of pesticides to be degraded. More specifically,
(he object is to determine if differences in subsurface sediment characteristics are related to differences in the biodegradatioo
potential. Cores having different textures will be obtained by drilling at a site having several desired characteristics. Some cores
will be tested for the ability of their microbial populations to degrade atrazine to CO2 by adding "C labeled atrazine and
measuring the amount of UCO2 released. Other portions will be tested by HPLC analysis for the degradation of atrazine even
if it is partial degradation not resulting in CO2 formation. Finally, bacteria from the samples will be characterized for metabolic
capabilities and diversity in an attempt to link microbial type to sediment type and biodegradation potential. ID addition to
Progress Reports, the investigation will result in a Research Brief on the Biodegradation of Selected Pesticides Introduced into
Aquifers via Wells.
25
-------
Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Reactions
Between Haloaliphatics and Environmental
Keductants at Mineral Surfaces
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Stanford University
(Stephen Hutchins, P.O.)
1048
09/90 - 10/93
Martin Reinnard
Comm: (415) 723-0308
ABSTRACT: The objectives of this research are to develop rate laws and mechanistic models describing degradation reactions
of halogenated organics by reductants and mineral surfaces, and to evaluate the effects of various environmental parameters in
these systems. Several minerals including silica gel, alumina, zeolites, sheet silicates, biotite, vermiculite, and muscivite, will
be characterized with respect to chemical composition, surface area, and structure. Sorption and transformation studies will be
carried out with carbon tetrachloride, hexachlorometbane, and tetrabromomethane in various organic/mineral/reductant
combinations. These data will be used to develop rate laws and mechanistic models for degradation of halogenated organics in
heterogeneous systems. A report will be prepared discussing the Abiotic Reduction Between Haloaliphatic Chemical and
Environmental Reductants at Mineral Surfaces.
Adsorption Mechanisms of Ionic Solutes
on Natural Heterogeneous Materials
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Oregon State University
(Robert Puls, P.O.)
1049
05/90-10/93
John Westall
Comm: (503) 737-2591
ABSTRACT: The project is designed to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of adsorption of ionic compounds on
natural sorbents, particularly organic cations and heavy metals. Of particular importance is the competitive aspects of adsorption
between these two classes of compounds and whether the adsorption of organic cations can increase the affinity of surface
materials for hydrophobic organic compounds. A laboratory approach employing detailed batch and column experiments is being
used to investigate adsorption/desorption or organic cations, transition metals, and hydrophobic organic compounds in complex
heterogeneous natural systems. Generated data will be used to test the application of a multi-site adsorption model which
provides a framework for quantifying adsorption phenomena in complex natural systems. Outputs from this investigation include:
1. Article on the Transport of Organic Cations and Hydrophobic Organic Compounds in Laboratory Columns
2. Article on the Evaluation of a Multi-Site Modeling Approach for Predicting Contaminant Transport in Natural
Subsurface Systems
3. Report on Adsorption of Ionic Compounds on Natural Heterogeneous Materials
26
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A Kecomhinant Approach to the Isolation and
Characterization of a Primary TCE Degrad«r
INSTITUTR:
TASK NO:
PKOJIiCT Pl-RIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
NCGWR - OSU
(Guy Sewell/Dick Scalf, P.O.)
2044
[ 1/89-02/92
Alan Marker
Comra: (405) 744-5929
ABSTRACT: The object of the project is to isolate or engineer an organism which is capable of degrading TCE via the
incthunotruphic methane monooxygenase in the absence of methane induction and also able to utilize the initial breakdown
products (formate, carbon monoxide, and glyoxylate), thus allowing growth on TCE as a sole carbon source. Cultures of
mctliunolrophic bacteria will be screened for concomitant methane monooxygenase activity and TCE expoxidation. Once
appropriate strains are identified, the gene or genes cluster from these organisms, which encodes the mixed function methane
monooxygenase. will be cloned and characterized. The cloned monooxygenase gene will be transferred to an appropriate host
in which the vector and insert DNA are stable and the constitutively expressed. Alternately, attempts will be made to mutagenize
facultative methanotrophs and select for constitutive expressions of the methane monooxygenase by growth on TCE as sole carbon
source. A Research Dricf will be prepared describing the findings of this study.
27
-------
28
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT
The lack of understanding of how contaminants move in the
subsurface severely restricts the ability to protect soil and ground
water or to design and implement technological systems for their
remediation. As in contaminant transformation studies, RSKERL
has an extensive program to develop, evaluate, and improve
mathematical models for use in predicting contaminant transport
characteristics in soil and ground water.
Transport of Inorganic Colloids
in Subsurface Systems
INSTITUTE: RSKERL
TASK NO: 1025
PROJECT PERIOD: 11/88 - 09/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Robert Puls
FTS: 743-2262
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The objective of the project is to quantify inorganic colloidal transport through aquifer materials. Standard column
techniques for the assessment of contaminant retardation and transport will be used. The breakthrough of tritium and synthesized
radio-labelled iron colloids will be monitored using radio analytical techniques and the data fit to standard advection-dispersion
equation!! using the Maixjuardt-Levenburg non-linear least squares fitting procedure (MRQFIT). Modification of the standard
advection-dispersion equation to include a solid mobile phase will also be explored. The primary methods of analyses will be
scinlillution counting for H3 and Fc5* and laser light scattering with photon correction spectroscopy for particle size in intensity
information, pi I will be monitored for both column influent and effluent solutions. pH of point zero charge (pHpB:) of
synthesized colloids will be determined potentiometrically with an auto-titrator using standard methods. Products of this research
include:
1. Facilitated Transport of Metal Contaminants in the Subsurface: Part II - Colloidal Transport
2. Journal Article (ES&T) on Facilitated Transport of Metals in the Subsurface
3. ACS Symposium Book Chapter on Electrostatic Factors Affecting Colloidal Transport in the Subsurface
29
-------
Surfactant Enhanced Solubilization
of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
RSKERL
1068
02/91 - 09/94
Candida West
FTS: 743-2257
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The objective of the investigation is to examine interactions between chlorinated solvents and non-ionic surfactants
in solution with emphasis being on determining the fundamental relationship between contaminant water solubility and structures
on contaminant solubilization. Initial, batch sorpdon experiments will be conducted to determine stabilization of PCE, TCE,
and DCE by selected surfactants. After single solute systems are completed a series of experiments will then be carried out to
determine the effect of multiple solutes and temperatures on the solubilization of the solutes by the same series of surfactants.
Multiphase Chemical Transport
in Porous Media
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Princeton University
(James Weaver, P.O.)
2022
10/88 - 02/92
George Pinder
Mike Celia
Peter Jaffee
Comm: (802) 656-8802
Comm: (609) 452-4602
Comm: (609) 987-6744
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this investigation is to develop and test in the laboratory, a numerical model of two-dimensional
multiphase, multicomponent flow that is capable of easily incorporating sharp fronts. Two methods will be investigated, including
the Optimal Test Function (OTF)/ Alternating Direction Collocation (ADC) and Least Squares Collocation (LESCO). After
preliminary development one of the methods will be selected for further development as the final simulator. Measurements of
the organic/water and organic/air partitioning coefficients will determine if equilibrium is achieved as is commonly assumed in
simulation. Results of these experiments will be used in guiding the simulator development A number of outputs for this
research include a Conference Presentation on the Comparison of OTF/ADC and LESCO Methods; Conference Presentation on
Attainment of Equilibrium Partitioning; and a Supply Operable Multiphase Flow Code for the RSKERL VAX/VMS Computer.
In addition a Research Brief on a Numerical Model for Multiphase Chemical Transport in Porous Media will be prepared.
30
-------
Solute Transport in Structured Porous Media
INSTITUTE: RSKERL
TASK NO: 2026
PROJKCT 1'RRIOD: 10/88 - 07/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Stephen Schmelling
FTS: 743-2315
Comm: (405) 332-8800
AKSTRACT: This investigation is directed at enhancing the quantitative and qualitative understanding of the processes involved
in solute transport through fractured porous systems. More specific objectives of the proposed work are to:
1. Examine, both mathematically and experimentally, the extent to which the modified one-dimensional
advective-dispersion equation describes a solute transport in a one-dimensional dual porosity system.
2. Develop information and understanding of the roles of the processes of diffusion, ion-exchange, and sorption
in the transport of solutes through a fractured porous system.
The transport processes will be studied in the laboratory using systems that closely approximate the ideal systems used to form
the conceptual basis of recently published mathematical models. This project should provide a direct test of the assumptions in
I hose models and provide data on the basic processes such as diffusion, sorption, and ion-exchange, that control solute transport
in inaerwporous systems. Specific activities for the research are:
1. Measure breakthrough curves for 3HOH, <5Ca2, 3*C1 and diuron in columns filled with porous ceramic
(alumina) spheres, and compare measured breakthrough curves with theoretical predictions.
2. Independently measure diffusion and partition coefficients that enter into the two-region advective-dispersion
transport equation.
3. Determine the effect of matrix geometry including size, porosity, and surface area on transport processes.
4. Adjust the organic carbon content of the matrix and determine its effect on transport properties.
5. Compare the measured breakthrough curves with model predictions.
The results of this investigation will be used to prepare two journal articles titled "Transport of Inorganic Solutes in Structured
Media" and "Transport of Organic Solutes in Structured Media."
31
-------
Solute Transport Under Time-Variant . u.. :< .
Mobile Phase Composition
INSTITUTE: RSKERL
TASK NO: 2029
PROJECT PERIOD: 10/88 - 09/91
PRINCIPAL '
INVESTIGATOR: Lynn Wood PTS: 743-2420
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The objective of this project is to evaluate the impact of time variant solvent composition on the transport of
hydrophobic organic solutes and to develop mathematical descriptions of the phenomena. The transport of selected organics
through soil columns under both isocratic and gradient elution systems is being examined. Isocratic elutions will be run at various
cosolvent fractions in order to determine the relationship between the fraction cosolvent and'sorption coefficient and to provide
input parameters for predicting retention times under gradient elution. For gradient conditions, the influence of the following
parameters will be determined: (1) initial cosolvent factors; (2) slope of solvent gradient; (3) slope of cosolvent gradient; (4) type
of cosolvent; (5) nature of solute; and (6) organic carbon content. A journal article'titled "Transport in Time-Variant Mobile
Phases" is under preparation.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Subsurface Flow,
and Fate and Transport of Microbes and Chemicals.
INSTITUTE: Penn State University
'(Thomas Short, P.O.)
TASK NO: 2055
* j i <
PROJECT PERIOD: 10/91 - 12/94
' J
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: George Yen Comm: (814) 863-2931
ABSTRACT: The objectives of this project are to develop a three-dimensional numerical algorithm for the solution of the
saturated-unsaturated transport equations for multiple components that undergo' mutual reactions based on the LEZOOM approach
and to analyze test data produced from physical model aquifers at RSKERL. A mathematical code will be developed which is
capable of simulating experimental runs on RSKERL physical model aquifers. The results produced by the code will be
compared with experimental data to determine if the proposed mathematical description of the mechanisms involved is adequate.
A report with the same title as the project will be prepared. '
32
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Graphical Interface Development
fur the Princeton DNAPL Model
INSTITUTE:
TASK NUMBER:
1'KOJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
University of Vermont
(James Weaver. P.O.)
2057
09/91 - 12/92
George Pindcr
Comm: (802) 656-3390
ABSTRACT: The project is designed to develop a graphical interface for the multiphase flow model currently under development
at Princeton University (Project 2022). The interface will facilitate the creation and editing of input data sets, input error
checking, and display of the modeling results. The use of complex simulation models often requires much time for input data
files und interpretation of model results. During the project a menu-driven, graphical interface will be developed for the Princeton
DNAPL model. The interface will incorporate automatic finite element mesh generation, "pull down" windows to input and
modify hydrological data, windows to execute the simulation model, and software to generate graphical output. The work will
result in a working computer code and a users document.
Artificial Aquifer Studies - East Aquifer
INSTITUTE:
TASK NUMBER:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
ManTech/RSKERL
(Thomas Short/Roger Cosby, P.O.)
3046
06/91 - 09/93
Dcbra Ross
Fred Busche
FTS: 743-2321
FTS: 743-2336
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The project aim is to evaluate the transport and fate of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) which are
spilled or have leaked into the subsurface. Techniques for monitoring the flow of DNAPLs will be developed and evaluated as
part of the experimental project. The remediation of the subsurface by means of pump-and-treat systems, vapor phase extraction,
und surfactant addition will also be studied. Conductivity, time domain reflectomeiry, and conductivity tomography probes have
been installed in the artificial aquifer. The hydraulic properties of the aquifer will be determined using tritium or a conductivity
tracer studies. DNAPL selection and method of application is to be determined by the use of applicable numerical models. A
final DNAPL migration report will be prepared.
33
-------
34
-------
GROUND-WATER MODELING
RSKERL research is addressing a number of avenues for assessing
subsurface exposure, including developing and testing a variety of
mathematical models that describe and predict contaminant
transport in porous and fractured media under a variety of
conditions including bioremediation and immiscible flow. Ground-
water models are becoming increasingly crucial to decision making
in. many areas of ground-water protection and.the remediation of
subsurface environments. The mathematical expression of
subsurface processes are providing an increasingly important tool
for planning and evaluating remediation 'scenarios, identifying
wellhead protection areas, and permitting injection wells.
Performance Testing of Ground-Water Models
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Oregon Stale University
(Thomas Short, P.O.)
2003
10/87 - 04/92
Larry Bocrsma
Comra: (503) 737-5729
AHSTR ACT: The object of this project is to utilize large physical models to evaluate the performance of mathematical models
in predicting the environmental fate of ground-water contaminants. The performance of selected aquifer restoration models is
being evaluated utilizing two large physical aquifer models which have been constructed at RSKERL to simulate ground-water
How and subsurface conditions and arc instrumented to track the movement and fate of introduced contaminants. The hydraulic
ch;irucicristic!> of the aquifers has been determined. Nitrate and a carbon source has been introduced to the aquifers and their
movement is being monitored. All data arc being used to verify the accuracy of selected predictive models and to select
candidates for field testing. All model inputs will be developed exclusive of model data so that only data normally available in
the field can be used for model output. This project has several outputs including:
1. Article on Model of Carbon Substrate Injection to Enhance Dcnitrification in Aquifers
2. Report on Modeling Fate and Transport for Denitrification in Nonhomogeneous Aquifers
3. Report on Nitrate Contamination Studies
4. Report Comparing Results of Artificial Aquifer with Model Predictions
35
-------
Expanding Knowledge Bases and Advancing
Utility of Ground Water Models for Management
INSTITUTE:
Task NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Colorado School of Mines
(James McNabb, P.O.)
2023
10/88 - 01192
Paul van der Heijde
Comm: (303) 273-3800
ABSTRACT: (See Task 3030) The objective of this project is to develop and apply extensive, generally accepted model testing
and evaluation methodology, and to improve the access to and utility of quality-assured models. Models will be subjected to
careful scrutiny for quality in development and efficiency of applications used in the models. The models and evaluation
methodology will then be made available for public use through a knowledge base. Results of these evaluations and other related
information will be made available to illustrate project progress. One Report in progress, for example, is QA/QC in Development
and Evaluation of Ground-Water Models. '
Validation of the Approximate
Multiphase Flow Models
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
RSKERL
2059
09/91 - 09/93
James Weaver
FTS: 743-2420
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The object of (he project is to test the KOPT (Kinematic Oily Pollutant Transport) portion of the HSSM
(Hydrocarbon Spill Simulation Model) by comparison with laboratory data. Several oils will be released into specially designed
columns which are packed with various porous media. The ponding depth and depth of the oil front will be recorded as functions
of time. Independent measurements of the model parameters will be made on the column. The average values of the parameters
will be used as KOPT model input data. The model results will be compared with the laboratory data experiments.' Monte Carlo
simulation will be used to assess the impact of uncertainty in the values of the parameters.
36
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
Development and Calibration of Computer . >
Models Describing Bioventing of Hydrocarbons
from Unsaturated Subsurface Material >
INSTITUTE: University of Massachusetts
at Amherst (Jong Cho,. P.O.)
TASK NO: 3025
PROJi-CT PKRIOD: 06/90 - 10/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: David Oslcndorf Comm: (413) 545-0685
ABSTRACT: Soil venting has proved to be an effective technique for remediation of oily contaminants in the uasaturated zone.
As practiced, (he fumes in the vent gas are; (1) released to the atmosphere, (2) destroyed.in an internal combustion engine, (3)
captured on activated carbon, or (4) destroyed by catalytic combustion. These treatment processes can add significantly to the
cost of remediation. .This project is aimed at investigating the feasibility of in-situ treatability of these volatiles in order to reduce
remediation costs. The planning.and installation of a field demonstration requires a design model to guide in the positioning and
insinuation of wells, to determine the capacity of the air handling system, and to determine the size of the injection zone required
lor an efficient system. Cores will be obtained from a fuel contaminated site, at the Traverse City Coast Guard Air Station.
Laboratory studies will be performed to assess mass-transfer coefficients for alkylbenzenes from water and oil to air. This
information will be used to determine the rate of restoration and the volume of air required to sweep a given volume of a
contaminated aquifer. Column and batch microcosm studies will determine the kinetics of fume degradation in the unsaturated
/.one. This information will be incorporated into a comprehensive mathematical model that will define well spacing, air flow
velocities, and size of the plume injection zone required to treat a predetermined volume of subsurface material. One output of
the work will be a Preliminary Report Listing the Compute Code and Documenting the Results of the Laboratory Studies Used
to Calibrate the Model. The project will culminate with a Report on Development and Calibration of a Model Describing In-Situ
Bioventing of Hydrocarbons from the Subsurface.
Expanding Knowledge Bases and Advancing
Utility of Ground Water Models for Management ..
INSTITUTE: Colorado School of Mines
(James McNabb, P.O.) '
TASK NO: -- ' ' 3030
PROJECT PHR1OD: - 09/90-01/92
PRINCIPAL -
INVESTIGATOR: Paul van der Heijde . Comm: (303) 273-3800
ABSTR ACT: (See Task 2023) The objective of this project is to develop and apply extensive, generally accepted model testing
and evaluation methodology, and to improve the access to and utility of quality-assured models. Models will be subjected to
careful scrutiny for quality in development and efficiency of applications used in the models. The models and evaluation
methodology wil! then be made available for public use through a knowledge base. Specific attention will be given to the utility
ul' these methods and tools on ground-water protection and remediation. A Report will be provided on the Status of Available
Ground-Water Models.
37
-------
Identification and Compilation of .? .< .
Unsaturated/Vadose Zone Models Possibly ; '.
Applicable to Setting Soil Remediation
Levels at Superfund Sites.
INSTITUTE: Colorado School of Mines
(James McNabb, P.O.)
TASK NO: 3036
PROJECT PERIOD: 09/91-12/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Paul van der Heijde Comm: (303) 273-3800
ABSTRACT: This project is designed to develop a comprehensive catalogue of available unsaturated/vados zone models for
simulation of flow and contaminant transport The approach will be to identify existing models. A data base search and literature
review will be conducted using the IGWMC's MARS model annotation data base and the IGWMC's ground-water modeling
literature collection of more than 3,000 titles and about 20 serials. A data base will be designed to handle the information
collected in this exercise and preliminary model selection criteria will be developed. In Phase 2, the data will be entered in the
data base and analyzed. In Phase 3, a report will be prepared which will be a comprehensive catalogue of available
unsaturated/vadose zone models.
Evaluation of Unsaturated/Vadose Zone
Models for Superfund Sites
INSTITUTE: Oklahoma State University
(Carl Enfield, P.O.)
TASK NO: 3037
PROJECT PERIOD: 10/91 - 12/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: D.L. Nofziger Comm: (405) 744-6417
ABSTRACT: The project will result in the evaluation of the ability of unsaturated zone transport models to predict the movement
of hazardous chemicals to ground water at Superfund sites. The evaluation will include: (1) an analysis of the sensitivity of
selected transport models to input parameters and the uncertainty of these parameters; (2) an evaluation of transport models to
predict measured chemical concentration profiles and fluxes entering ground water; and (3) the documentation of model
performance and limitations including guidelines on model selection and use in the presence of different levels of input data.
The general approach to the project will consist of selecting models and describing input parameter requirements for each,
comparing data sets for selected Superfund sites with model requirements, performing sensitivity analysis, assessing variability
and interdependence of model parameters at a particular site, demonstrating how parameter uncertainty passes through models
to become prediction uncertainty, determining model uncertainty due to weather, and comparing the predictive ability of models.
A Final Report will be prepared by 12/92.
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Compilation of Saturated/Uasaturated 7,one
Mink-Is and Development and Application of
Testing Methods and Benchmark Cases
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Colorado School of Mines
(James McNabb, P.O.)
3038
10/91 - 10/94
Paul van der Heijde
Comm: (303) 273-3800
ABSTRACT: The objectives of this project are to enhance the existing knowledge of ground-water models and their utility and
performance, develop guidance in applying quality assurance in model development, and address other scientific issues related
to (he use of ground-water models. The approach to carrying out this project will be; (1) to enhance existing data bases on
ground-water models, (2) characterize and analyze models for their utility and performance, (3) develop and apply testing and
validation procedures to prominent public domain models, (4) develop and provide detailed guidance in the development of
models, and (5) develop issue papers on critical topics in ground-water modeling. A Report on Analytical Solutions will be
prepared along with a Report on the Status of Ground-Water Models.
Site Characterization of Ground-Water Flow
and Transport in Fractured Rock Systems for
Improvement of Pump-and-Treat Remediation
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
(Steve Kraemer, P.O.)
3040
10/91 - 10/94
Gudmundur Bodvarsson
FTS: 451-4789
Comm: (415) 486-4289
ABSTRACT: 'Hie project is designed to investigate the effects of fractured network complexity on the efficiency on the pump-
iind-ireai methods of aquifer remediation. The approach is to make a step-wise progressive analysis of fractured rock
conceptualizations against field observations and experiments. Geophysical and hydrologic tests will be compared to computer
model simulations. A final report describing the Behavior of Pump-and-Treat Systems in Fractured Rock Settings.
39
-------
40
-------
SUBSURFACE REMEDIATION
In addition to developing technologies which protect and restore
the subsurface environment, research in this area must assure that
such methods are cost effective without" being unnecessarily
complex, and do not restrict other land use activities.
Anaerobic Processes in the
Su hsur face' Environment
INSTITUTE--
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
RSKERL
1041
03/89 - !OA>1
Guy Sewell
Susan Gibson
Gannon Smith
Stephen Hutchins
Robert Smith
John Wilson
FTS:
FTS:
FTS:
FTS:
FTS:
FTS:
743-2232
743-2309
743-2316
743-2327
743-2352
743-2259
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: Anaerobic conditions predominate in contaminated aquifers and arc common in uncontaminated areas.
Comparatively little is known about degradative processes and nutrient cycling under anaerobic conditions. However, it is
Apparent that these processes are fundamentally different and more complex than aerobic processes. The objective of this research
is to define and study anaerobic microbial metabolic processes which occur in the subsurface environment to further understand
I he fate of contaminants in that environment.
Three areas will be investigated using microbiological, biochemical, and molecular biological techniques, with emphasis in three
major areas:. -
<. 1. Metabolism of aromatic compounds under sulfale reducing conditions. In this study the breakdown and
. ' ; metabolism of fuel -aromatics (primarily'benzene, toluene, and xylenes) by sulfate-reducing isolates and
consortia will be examined. ,'
2. Metabolic processes at the aerobic/anaerobic interface. The role of mixed aerobic/anaerobic conditions on
the metabolism of organic compounds is unclear. An attempt will be made to identify and spatially locate
the processes and microbes which exist at and near the interface.
3. Effects of altered oxidation/reduction balance on anaerobic metabolism. Anaerobic chemoheterotrophs
generate useable metabolic energy (ATP or electro-chemical gradients) from oxidizable substrates via
fermentation or anaerobic respiration. Alterations in the O/R balance of these organisms may broaden the
range of electron donors and acceptors.
Project outputs to date include an Article on Reductive Dechtorinalion of Tetrachloroethane and Trtchloroethane in Fuel Spill
Plumes, and a Journal Article on Reductive Dechlorination. A Journal Article is underway on Anaerobic Degradation.
41
-------
Chlorobenzene Bioreactor Pilot Study
INSTITUTE: RSKERL
TASK NO: 2054
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
08/91 - 07/92
Dennis Miller
FTS: 743-2263
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the investigation is to perform field study evaluations of a pilot-scale bioreactor and develop
parameters for system operations, and define kinetic constants to characterize biological processes. A two-month period, at
Tyndall AFB will be used to retrofit the bioreactor and complete preliminary biodegradability evaluations of field site ground
water. An additional three-months at Warner Robins AFB will be used for a Held evaluation of the bioreactor system. The field
study will examine three contaminant flow rates and three contaminant concentrations to characterize the removal efficiency of
the system. A final report on the Chlorobenzene Bioreactor Pilot Study will be prepared.
Feasibility Study for Btoremediation
of Trichloroethylene Contaminated Soil
at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
USGS - New Jersey District
(John Wilson, P.O.)
2056
08/91 - 07/93
Theodore Elke
Comm: (609) 771-3914
ABSTRACT: A trichloroelhylene leak from a metal degreasing vat at the U.S. Army Picatinny Arsenal in New Jersey
contaminated ground water. Soil from the unsaturated zone at the spill site will be used to conduct treatability studies to
determine whether methylotrophic bacteria will degrade TCE fumes produced by vacuum extraction of the liquid phase TCE
(NAPL) in the soil, or by air-stripping of ground water produced during pump-and-treat remediation at the site. Laboratory
studies will be conducted to determine the rate and extent of TCE co-oxidation in vadose zone material from the site. Soil from
the unsaturated zone near the spill, and near major pump-and-treat wells, will be exposed to an atmosphere of TCE vapors,
oxygen, and methane or propane. A Feasibility Study Report for Bioremediation of TCE Contaminated Soil will be written at
the conclusion of the study.
42
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Hot Water Recovery of Light Waste Oils
INSTITUTE: RSKERL
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVF.STIGATOR:
2060
04A>1 - 09/92
Eva Davis
FTS: 743-2346
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The objective of this research project is to determine if increased recoveries of waste oils, which arc present as
contaminants in soil or at the ground-water table, can be achieved through the use of hot water flooding. Two different criteria
will ;be used to determine (lie.increased recovery efficiency including the percent of the oil in the media that is recovered, and
.the rate at which it, is recovered as measured by the number of pore volumes of water that must be injected to recover a given
percentage of .the oil. .-Another objective is to determine, whether available models can be used for the evaluation of potential
.enhanced recoveries at specific sites. Three different types of experiments will be used to evaluate the effects of temperature
oiij the.overall recovery of .waste oils and the rate of recovery. The first is soil moisture characteristic curves, which will be
determined for, at least four temperatures in the range of 50 - 126°F. The second type of experiments to be performed are
walcrfloods at constant temperatures for which a simple model from the petroleum literature (Buckley-Leverett) will be applied
to the displacement data. Input data will be taken from the first experiments (soil moisture characteristic curves) so that it is
obtained independently from the displacement experiments, i.e., no calibration. If this model is unable to adequately predict the
exix:riineiital results, a more complex model such as MOFAT will be applied. The third type of experiments are hot-water floods
where the columns being flooded are at ambient temperature. If a suitable existing model can be obtained, the transient heat flow
experiments will be simulated. A literature evaluation is planned to determine how much energy is required to raise the
temperature of a typical aquifer to the levels used in the experimental work. A Final Report will be completed at the end of the
experimental phase of the project.
Assessment of Solvent-Enhanced Desorption
and Mobilization of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
.PRINCIPAL , ......
INVESTIGATOR:"
RSKERL
2062
02/91 - 12/92
Lynn Wood.
Susan Mravik
FTS:'743-2356
FTS: 743-2234
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The objectives of this project are to assess the efficacy of solvent mixtures' for desorbing and mobilizing
polychlorinatcd biphcnyls (PCBs) in contaminated soils and aquifer materials and to formulate a strategy for optimizing
contaminant mobilization in laboratory systems. Soils and aquifer materials contaminated with PCBs will be obtained from
appropriate field sites. Selected batch equilibration tests will be conducted as a screening tool to determine equilibrium
distribution constants for various cosolvent mixtures and to assist in the selection of appropriate column experiments. Dynamic
column experiments wilt be the primary technique used to evaluate solvent-mediated desorption and mobilization. These
experiments will be used to determine cosolvency parameters for solvent/solute/sorbent systems used in the study, to assess the
impact of nonuquilibrium sorption on PCS removal, and to evaluate the effects of solvents on the inherent sorptive and
hydrodynamic properties of the sorbents. If initial laboratory results are promising, and if support and funding are available, this
technique will be evaluated in larger and more realistic systems in the laboratory or field. A Journal Article Describing the
Experimental Procedures and Initial Results of Solvent Enhanced Desorption of PCBs will be written. This will be followed at
the end of the project by a Journal Article on the Impact of Solvents on the Rate of PCB Desorption.
43
-------
Hole of Protozoa In Aquifer Biorestoration ..-...
INSTITUTE: ManTech/RSKERL
(John Wilson/Roger Cosby, P.O.)
TASK NO: 2064
PROJECT PERIOD: 10/91-09/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: James Sinclair FTS: 743-2302
FredBusche FTS: 743-2235
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: This project will enumerate protozoa at a site undergoing biorestoration for TCE contamination and determine if
they influence hydraulic conductivity through sediments in laboratory experiments. The protozoa will be enumerated in core
sediment samples sent from the TCE biorestoration project at the Westinghouse Savannah River Laboratory in Aiken, SC.
Samples will be taken in the contaminated area before, during, and at the completion of biorestoration. Biorestoration will be
accomplished by pumping methane and oxygen through contaminated subsurface sediments. Samples will be taken from two
boreholes; one near the point of gas injection and one farther away. The numbers of bacteria and protozoa present during the
project will determine if there is any likelihood of clogging by bacterial biomass, and how important protozoa are in preventing
clogging. An internal report will be prepared at the end of the experiments.
Reclamation by Biopiling of Excavated Soil
Contaminated with Semivolatile Petroleum Organics
INSTITUTE: University of Texas
(Don Kampbell/John Matthews, P.O.)
TASK NO: 2065
PROJECT PERIOD: 08/92 - 08/93
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Ray Loehr
ABSTRACT: The objective of the project is to develop emergency response technology on the rate and extent of bioremediation
of soil containing crude oil or heavy refined petroleum products by treatment cell bioventing at field spill sites. The first step
of the project will be to locate a field site suitable for research studies. The contaminated material will be excavated and
transferred to a forced aeration soil pile constructed on site. Kinetics information on depletion will be determined and compared
with laboratory data. A Final Report of research activities will be completed by 08/93.
44
-------
l)enitrification Tor Bmremcdiation
of :i Refinery Spill
INSTI
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVIiSTIGATOR:
RXKEKL
2071
02/92 - 02/93
John Wilson
FTS: 743-2259
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The project is designed to evaluate the relatively efficacy of (1) BTEX fermentation, (2) BTEX denitrificatioD,
and (3) BTEX denitrification supplemented with oxygen for remediation of subsurface contamination with refined petroleum
hydrocarbons. A spill from a refinery pipeline in Park City. Kansas, will be subdivided into six plots of about an acre each.
Ground water amended with ammonium chloride will be recirculalcd at one plot to stimulate fermentation. Ammonium chloride
and potassium nitrate will-be rccirculatcd at a second site, and ammonium chloride, potassium nitrate and oxygen will-be
rccirculatcd ut a third site. The remaining plots wilt serve as controls.
Evaluation of Denitrification for
lliorestoration of a JP-4 Jet Fuel
Contaminated Aquifer
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
USGS
(Stephen Hutchins, P.O.)
3013
05/88 - 12/92
C. Marjorie Aclion
FTS: 230-6128
Comm: (803) 750-6128
ABSTRACT: The objective of the project is to conduct laboratory studies of biorestoratkm of fuel spills in aquifers which are
supported by denitrification. A scries of experiments will be conducted to evaluate whether denitrification using nitrate can be
used lo remove residual Bl'X from aquifers contaminated with JP-4 jet fuel at Traverse City MI, and at Hanahan, SC. An
assessment will- also be made of the optimum parameters required for effective biorestoration. In addition, concomitant
microbiological and biochemical analyses of the microcosms will be made in order to elucidate the specific role of the
microorganisms and determine whether that role can be enhanced. Core material has been acquired from the two sites where
two shallow aquifers have been contaminated with the JP-4 jet fuel. The core material will be used to construct batch and column
microcosms. The removal of BTX under denitrifying conditions will be assessed in a series of tests. A series of outputs have
or will be produced during the investigation including:
1. Article on Batch Microcosm Tests Results
2. Second Article on Batch Microcosm Tests Results
3. Third Article on Batch Microcosm Tests Results
4. Article on Column Studies
5. Internal Report on Evaluation of Denitrificalion of JP-4 Jet Fuel Contaminated Aquifer
45
-------
TCE Biotreatment Demonstration Project
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
ManTech/RSKERL
(Dennis Miller/Roger Cosby, P.O.)
3016
10/88 - 10/91
Randy Callaway
Fred Busche
FTS: 743-2230
FTS: 743-2235
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The object of the project is to design, construct, and demonstrate a mobile system to remove chlorinated solvents
from contaminated ground water. The first phase will consist of literature reviews and bench-scale experiments which will be
used to develop and confirm design parameters. Phase two will include scaleup of the bench-scale reactor and evaluation of the
removal ability. Phase three will include the final scaleup of the biological reactor and assembly of the process units onto a
mobile trailer. An overall system evaluation will be performed at RSKERL to develop guidelines for onsite operation. The
system will then be available for transportation to a contaminant site for field evaluation. The initial output of the project will
be an Internal Report on the TCE Biotreatment Demonstration. A Final Report will be on the Operation of the Pilot Scale
Treatment System.
Field Evaluation of Bioventing of
Hydrocarbons from Unsaturated
Subsurface Material
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
U.S. Coast Guard
(Don Kampbell, P.O.)
3024
05/90 - 09192
Frank Blaha
FTS: 942-3934
Comm: (216) 522-3934
ABSTRACT: Soil venting is a widely popular technique for remediation of oily contaminants in the saturated zone. As
practiced, biological activity in the unsaturated zone often results in the depletion of oxygen and enrichment in carbon dioxide,
and contributes to the removal of contaminants. This natural activity could be incorporated into the design of a project aimed
at the in-situ biological treatment of vent gases. Cores will be obtained from a fuel-contaminated area at the U.S. Coast Guard
Air Station at Traverse City, MI, to determine the three-dimensional distribution of the contaminant The model described in
project Task Number 3025 with the' University of Mass. Amhurst will be used to design the demonstration. After the
demonstration, the site will be cored again to determine the actual performance of the degradation process. At the conclusion
of the project a report will be prepared tided "Performance of Bioventing of Aviation Gasoline In Situ."
46
-------
Test-Bed Evaluation of In-Situ Bioremediation
of Chlorinated Aliphatic Compounds by
Toluene Monooxygena.se-Containing Bacteria
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
Stanford University
(John Wilson, P.O.)
3034
PROJECT PERIOD:
10/91 - 09/93
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Perry McCarty
Comm: (415) 723-4131
ABSTRACT: There are a variety of microbial enzymes that can transform trichloroelhylene including, methane monooxygenase,
toluene monooxygenase, toluene dioxygenase, and ammonia monooxygenase. This project will evaluate the relative merits of
the enzyme systems for the remediation of aquifers contaminated with TCE. Laboratory studies using microcosms will compare
the performance of microbes expressing toluene monooxygenase, toluene dioxygenase, and ammonia monooxygenase. A field
trail at Moffeit Naval Air Station will evaluate the performance of toluene monooxygenase for the degradation of TCE, the
dichloroclhylenes, and vinyl chloride. The results will be compared to earlier work with organisms expressing methane
monooxygenase. An Internal Report will be prepared on In-Silu Bioremediation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Compounds by Toluene
Oxygcnase-Contaming Bacteria.
Surfactant Enhanced Remediation
»f Subsurface DNAPL Contamination
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
University of Oklahoma
(Candida West, P.O.)
3035
09/91 - 08/94
David Sabatini
Comm: (405) 325-5911
ABSTRACT: The project is designed to develop an environmentally acceptable surfactant system for enhancing pump-and-treat
remediation technology specifically for dense, non-aqueous phase liquids. The approach involves measuring the efficiency and
effectiveness of specific classes of surfactant systems for solubilizing and mobilizing residual and free phase DNAPLs. Studies
will be conducted to lest chosen systems for ionic matrix sensitivities, biodcgradabiltty, solid phase interactions and transport
properties. Two outputs will result from this effort including a Journal Article on DNAPL/Surfactant/Soil Interactions from Batch
Studies, and an Environmental Research Brief on Surfactant Enhanced Remediation of Subsurface DNAPL Contamination.
47
I
-------
Evaluation of technologies for cleanup . r ',
of DNAPL Contaminated Sites
i
INSTI'IUTR: University of California
(Steve Schmclling, P.O.) , . ,
TASK NO: 3039
PROJECT PERIOD: 09/91 - 05/93
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Nicholas Sitar Comm: (415)643-8623
ABSTRACT: The project is designed to prepare a comprehensive assessment of the current state of io-situ treatment technologies
tor (he remediation of ground-water contaminated by.DNAPLs. A review and compilation of information on in-situ DNAPL
treatment technologies will be followed by an assessment of the applicability and limitations of these technologies. A synthesis
of this information will be presented in a Final Report. .
Investigation of Surfactant Enhanced
Remediation of Aquifers Contaminated
by Dense, Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs)
INSTITUTE: University of Michigan
(Candida West, P.O.) r . .
TASK NO: 3041 -.
PROJECT PERIOD: 10/91-08/94 '
PRINCIPAL '
INVESTIGATOR: Linda Abriola Comm: (383) 763-9664
' ' '' !
ABSTRACT: Tlie objective of this investigation is to develop procedures for the design of effective, efficient, and
environmentally sound surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) strategies. Using two model DNAPLs, surfactant systems
will be systematically examined with respect to stabilization and mobilization enhancement. Various parameter effects such
as system temperature, ionic strength, Krafft temperature, and cloud point and sorptive properties will be examined. After
selection of an "optimal" surfactant system using batch and columns experiments, model validation will be explored. A Research
Brief will be prepared on the Design of Effective, Efficient, and Environmentally Sound Surfactant Enhanced; Aquifer
Remediation (SEAR)'Strategies. : v
48
-------
Super Computer Simulation of Pump-and-Treat
Methods for Aquifer Restoration
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill
(Eva Davis, P.O.)
3042
10/91 -03/93
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Cass Miller
Comm: (919) 966-2643
ABSTRACT: The objectives of this project are to evaluate through a modeling exercise alternative pumping schemes for
enhancing pump-and-treat ground-water remediation systems. Models will be used that take into account heterogeneity in the
subsurface and non-ideal chemical transport phenomena, such as non-linear and non-equilibrium adsorption. A second objective
is to evaluate the capital and operating costs associated with these alternative pump-and-treat schemes. The approach to be used
for this project is to use 2- and 3-dimensional flow and transport models to simulate the effects of various conditions on pump-
and-treat ground-water remediation. The analysis will include evaluation of different initial source conditions, different types
of contaminants (NAPLs), and the effects of alternative pumping rates and schedules. Heterogeneity of the subsurface physical
and chemical parameters, such as hydraulic conductivity, and sorption parameters and rates, will also be evaluated. An economic
analysis will be performed for all simulations to show the cost for remediation as a function of the pump-and-treat scheme used.
A Report on Enhancing the Efficiency of Pump-and-Treat Systems will be prepared.
Co-Oxidation of PCBs During Metabolism
of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
ManTech/RSKERL
(John Wilson/Roger Cosby, P.O.)
3047
10/91 - 10/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Jerry Anderson
Fred Busche
FTS: 743-2332
FTS: 743-2235
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the project is to investigate prospects for aerobic biodegradation of PCBs under high oxygen
concentrations. The technology vendor at the French Limited Superfund Site has claimed that PCBs co-disposed with API
separator sludge were degraded during aerobic biodegradation of the petroleum hydrocarbons. The sludge consumed
approximately 1 mg O, per liter per minute for six months. Several tens of thousands of mg of BOD were exerted per liter. The
concentration of PCBs in the sludge were reduced a factor of ten, and the sludge volume was reduced by a factor of ten. Sludge
from the French Limited Site will be subjected to a high oxygen environment in bioreactors that recreate the conditions in the
original field scale treatability study at the French Limited Site. Fertilizer will be added, and the temperature and mixing will
be controlled to approximate field conditions. The sludge will be monitored for dissolved oxygen, oxygen uptake, pH, nutrient
ions, chemical oxygen demand, total petroleum hydrocarbons, PCS congeners, and selected PAHs. Two bioreactors will be
monitored for one year. One reactor will be a control sparged with nitrogen instead of air or oxygen. Any depletion of PCBs
will be followed as a function of time elapsed, of BOD exerted, and TPH biodegraded. A final Interim Report will be prepared.
49
-------
Passive Anaerobic Remediation of IITEX
Compounds in Ground Water
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
North Carolina State University.
(John Wilson, P.O.)
3060
08/92 - 07/94
Robert Borden
Comm: (919)515-7665
ABSTRACT: The objective of the investigation is to generate data on the rate and extent of passive anaerobic bioremediation
of BTEX compounds in ground-water plumes froth fuel spills. The existing data base will be extended by examining plumes
in-more heavily weathered geological material with lower pH and tittle buffering capacity. Laboratory microcosm and field
studies will be performed to determine the rate and extent of passive anaerobic bioremediation of BTEX compounds. Laboratory
studies will be done with core material from existing plumes which show evidence of anaerobic processes. Field studies-will
compare the kinetics'of depletion along flow paths in plumes to the laboratory data. An Internal Report will be completed 07/93
'followed by a Final Report 07/94. > . .
Forced Aeration for On-Site Remediation
of Hydrocarbon Spills
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
U.S. Park Service
(Don (Campbell, P.O.)
3061
09/92 - 08/94
(Undecided)
ABSTRACT: The project is designed to develop, implement, and evaluate a system for on-site remediation of geological
materials contaminated with fuel spills, A demonstration will be conducted at the Casey's Canoe Livery Site at Sleeping Bear
Dunes National Lakeshore, Empire, Michigan. Contaminated material will be excavated and transferred to a forced'aeration soil
pile constructed on site. The Park Service and their contractor will develop and implement the system. A university researcher
in Michigan will do the evaluation with support from the Great Lakes and Mid Atlantic Hazardous Research Center. A 08/92
Preliminary Internal Report will be followed by a Final Report in 08/94.
50
-------
China-US Sails and (.round-Water
Remediation Research
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
Ueijing Municipal Research Institute of
Environmental Protection
(Hurt HIcilsoe, P.O.)
4025
10/91 - 12/95
ABSTRACT: The objective of the project is (o strengthen scientific tics with the People's Republic of China (PRC) by
conducting a cooperative research program to study the remediation of soil and an aquifer contaminated with diesel fuel. A
flexible lour year work plan was developed for the remediation of both an aquifer and surface soils contaminated with petroleum
products. The project will he conducted by the PRC and cooperatively supported by RSKERL through technology transfer and
technical assistance on the design, operation, and training in both field investigations and analytical procedures. Outputs of the
project will include an Internal Reports on Soils Remediation and Aquifer Remediation, and a Journal Article on Soils and
Aquifer Remediation.
51
-------
52
-------
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL
I
i
1
i
i
D
(1
D
Research in support of the Underground Injection Control Program
in directed at developing methods to assure the mechanical
integrity of the injection well itself, and that wastes remain in the
zone of injection. Research is also aimed at determining the fate
of wastes that enter the injection zone.
Methods of Determining Mechanical
Integrity <>f Injection Wells |
INSTITUTF,:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
East Central University /RSKF.RL
(Jerry Thomhill, P.O.)
1026
10/88 - 02/92
Bobby Dcneficld
Comm: (405) 332-8000
ABSTRACT: This project has been designed to investigate, develop, and improve methods for evaluating the mechanical
integrity of injection wells to assure that the use of such wells will not endanger underground sources of drinking water, public .
health or the environment. Selected procedures and tools will be evaluated in existing test wells to determine their effectiveness
lor determining the mechanical integrity of injection wells, simulate specific well conditions for reviewing alternative mechanical
integrity tests, and perform tests for developing a tool for evaluating water-quality chances in underground sources of drinking
wiiter. Two outputs will result from this project including a Report on Field Tested Methods for Determining the Mechanical ,f
Integrity of Injection Wells, and a Report on Field Tested Methods for Determining Part 2 of Mechanical Integrity of Injection,
Wells. '
ri
D
53
-------
The Development of a Risk Management
Strategy For Wellhead Protection
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
University of Miami
(David Burden, P.O.). '.I
, ;;» '.. ' .-\
1054
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
~\\.
..'09/91 :
V «* 'yji'
'. ^HV , \l-U. ,
David'Chin
Cpmrn: (305/284-3391
ABSTRACT: The principle objective of the project ,will be to develop a risk-management strategy for wellhead protection that
can be directly utilized in formulating land use controls within a protection area. Using the risk management strategy,
contaminant source fluxes and attenuation characteristics are taken as random variables, and the probability distribution of the
resulting contaminant concentration in the pumped water is then estimated. By defining maximum allowable contaminant levels
at (he wellhead, the risk of exceeding these allowable levels for given land uses may be calculated. As a consequence to defining
an acceptable level of risk, land use controls may then be implements within the protection area based on a clearly defined
quantitative measure. A Final Report titled "Development of a Risk-Management Strategy,for Wellhead Pr6tection"'Will be}'
prepared. ,. - ">;..- *. ;,...; ;!'*".
Determination of Subsurface Assimilative Capacity
INSTITUTE:
RSKERL
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
.,.»./,.., ;...,
PRINCIPAL' h ' -
INVESTIGATOR: -, . ' -i
h , , - f . :
1057
1 ; '. '.i1
01/91 - 09/92
; .,,,,. <-.. »-.,T . - .
'''Mich'eal Jawson :/; .'
FTS: 743-2414:-"
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: This project is designed to develop a method for delineating wellhead protection areas based on the use of the
assimilative capacity criterion which; (a) can be applied by the majority of the states, (b) is scientifically defensible, and (c) can
be used to address significant contamination threats to public water supply wells. The initial tasks are the identification and
classification of contaminants (hat currently present the greatest health threat to public ground-water supplies, and to evaluate
the processes which contribute to the assimilative capacity in order to develop integrated assimilative capacity precepts.
Eventually, a model incorporating assimilative capacity into the delineation of wellhead protection zones will be developed either
by modifying and existing model or through the development of a new model. An Interim Report for the Application of
Assimilative Capacity Criteria to Wellhead Protection Delineation Methods will be prepared as well as a Report on Contaminant
Identification and Classification.
56
-------
1
1
1
1
1
.
.1
Delineation of Wellhead Protection /ones:
Consideration of Virus Transport
INSTITUTE: University of Arizona
(Guy Sewell, P.O.)
>
TASK NO: 1058
, PROJECT PERIOD: 09/91-12/93
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Charles Gerba Comm: (602) 621-6906
.
i
ABSTRACT: (See Task 1061) The objective of the study is to enable EPA to delineate wellhead protection zones with respect
1
|
1
1
I
|
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
to source areas contributing bacteria and viruses into ground water. The approach will be to examine
the effects of changes in
' p! I, ionic strength, and water content on the retention and release of sorbed viruses. The Final Report will discuss the Delineation
of Wellhead Protection Zones with Respect to Virus Transport.
i - '
Demonstration of the Analytical Element
Method for Wellhead Protection
INSTITUTE: Indiana University
(Stephen Kraemcr, P.O.)
K
\ TASK NO: 1059
',
PROJECT PERIOD: 07/91 - 10/93
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR: Henk Haitjema Comm: (812) 855-0731
*
. >,,«;
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the project is to demonstrate and adopt the new solution technique know as the Analytical Element
Method for application in wellhead protection. The objective will be accomplished by developing a public domain model with
" manual and user's guide supporting EPA personnel in developing proficiency with the technique,
and demonstrating the
applicability of the technique at a field site to be selected in consultation with EPA staff. The following outputs will result from
:! this investigation:
1. Prototype versions of programs released for testing.
2. , . Beta version with on screen editor and draft manuals.
3. : Final version of programs.
4. Final Report of the Demonstration of the Analytical Element Method for Wellhead
-:"'« ' .
' . -" / ' .
1
:
; 57
II
. ' -
Protection, '
.
I
* *
-------
Capture /one Delineation:
Models and Experiments
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
(Stephen Kraemcr, P.O.)
1062
07/91-12/93
John L. Wilson
Comm: (505) 835-5308
ABSTRACT: A series of field experiments and computer modeling simulations will be applied at the Borden Site in Ontario,
Canada. The objectives include; (1) the validation or invalidation of existing capture zone delineation methods,. (2) an
improvement in understanding the behavior and nature of capture zones in real aquifers, and (3) the investigation of new and
improved concepts and methods for delineation. The field experiments will involve detailed head measurements and observations
of tracer breakthrough curves during pumping at a well. The experimental design will be assisted by the use of existing computer
programs. The observed time-of-travel delineated capture zones will be compared to the predicted zones in order to contribute
a level of validation of existing modeling techniques. Improvement of existing models will be suggested by the field results.
A Final Report on the Validation of Models for Delineating Capture Zones in Wellhead Protection will be prepared at the end
of the project.
Capture /one Delineation Using the EPA
VVHPA Model and Other Codes: A Comparative
Study in Ellis County, Kansas. ,, '.',"
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
RSKERL
1063
09/90 - 09/92
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
David Burden
FTS: 743-2294
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The objective of this project was initially to assist the City of Hays, Kansas, in the establishment of a Wellhead
Protection Program. Since the initial meeting with the Ellis County Water Wellhead Protection Committee, RSKERL has been
providing assistance in the form of actual computer modeling of the wellfield. The purpose is to conduct in-house research on
the effectiveness of EPA's WHPA Model and compare the results with other popular delineation codes being used in wellhead
protection. The approach will initially consist of using EPA's WHPA Model Version 1.0 to delineate capture zones. This will
be followed by using the Version 2.0 of the WHPA Model and comparing the results of both WHPA models with other computer
codes used to delineate capture zones. The final phase of the project will involve incorporating the results of the capture zones
into a Geographic Information System. The Final Report will be an Evaluation of the Wellhead Protection Area Delineation
Methods, including the use of the WHPA Code at Hays, Kansas.
58
-------
Technical Assistance and Technology
Transfer in Wellhead Protection
INST1TUTK:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
RSKERL
1064
Continuing
David Burden
FTS: 743-2294
Comm: (405) 332-8800
ABSTRACT: The objective of this project is to provide technical assistance and technology transfer, to communities, towns, and
cities desiring to know and learn more about establishing a wellhead protection program.in their area. The basic approach
includes conducting seminars.and making-presentations about the EPA Wellhead Protection Program. Presentations typically
consist of explaining the basic idea of a wellhead protection program, discussing RSKERL's current research activities in this
area, and if requested, .providing software demonstrations of EPA's WHPA Model. . . .
Contaminant Identification and Classification
INSTITUTE:
TASK NO:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
University of Oklahoma
(Michael Jawson, P.O.)
1066
09/91 - 12/92
Larry Canter
Comm: (405) 325-5202
ABSTRACT: The primary objectives of this project are to identify and prioritize those contaminants and their associated sources
which present tine greatest health threat in public ground-water supplies. Five tasks will be undertaken. The initial task involves
specific decision making and detailed planning to be done in conjunction with EPA Headquarters. Task two involves the
documentation of problems experienced with public ground-water supplies including the identification of contaminants and their
sources as well as potential future contaminants. The third Task consists of the development of a classification system. Task
four will highlight case studies selected from the survey of Task two and will be used to illustrate those findings and the
applicability of the classification system. The final Task will be to prepare the summary report. The first output of the project
will be the Identification and Classification Report. This will be followed by a report of findings of the Survey of Major
Contaminants Impacting Public Drinking Water Wells.
I
I
I
I
I
I
59;
-------
National Center for (Jround Water Research
INSTITUTfi:
PROJECT PERIOD:
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:
NCGWR
(Dick Scalf, P.O.)
09/79 - Continuing
Herb Ward (Rice)
Larry Canter (OU)
Norm Durham (OSU)
Comm: (713)527^086
Comm: (405)325-5202
Comm: (405)824-8388
ABSTRACT: EPA established the National Center for Ground Water Research (NCGWR) in September, 1979, as a consortium
of Rice University, the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University. The University of Texas at Austin became a
member university within the NCGWR in 1990. As a part of EPA's Centers of Excellence Program, the NCGWR was charged
with developing and conducting a long range exploratory research program to help anticipate and solve the nations emerging
ground-water problems. NCGWR directors and investigators work with management and the technical staff of RSKERL as well
as other EPA laboratories to insure that the exploratory research program is cooperatively planned, responsive to national needs,
and appropriately linked to the Agency's more applied, mission-oriented research efforts. Technical oversite is provided by an
eight-member panel of external scientific peers. The four major areas of responsibility for the Center's research are: (1)
development of methodologies for ground-water quality investigations; (2) transport and fate of contaminants in the subsurface;
(3) characterization of the subsurface environment with respect to contaminant transport; and (4) information transfer. The Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) has established the NCGWR as one of six Superfund University Training
Institutes (SUIT) to provide short courses for Regional Superfund Personnel.
60
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND
INFORMATION TRANSFER
The application of research results through technical assistance on
a variety of environmental issues has been a tradition at the
RSKERL since its beginning in 1965. Even though the Laboratory
gained 'a':national.and international reputation for its research, it
was not until 1986 that events occurred which led to a structured
program in technical assistance and made it an integral part of the
Laboratory's activities, particularly with regard to the remediation^
of soil and ground water at hazardous wastes sites.
Following the Supcrfund Amendments and Reaulhorization Act of 1986, Regional decisions makers, charged with
administering cost-effective and permanent restoration technologies at Superfund Sites, quickly became overburdened
by the technical complexity of (his responsibility. Informed decisions concerning soils and ground-water remediation
required a broad, interdisciplinary, slalc-oMhe-science level of expertise in a rapidly developing and complex
environmental field.
In 1987, in order to make EPA's Office of Research and Development scientists more accessible to Regional decision
makers, the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) provided direct funding to ORD laboratories
in Las Vegas, Cincinnati, Athens, and Ada to establish Superfund Technology Support Centers.
The RSKERL Technology Support Center (TSC) consists a Core Team of scientists and engineers supported by
RSKERL in-house and extramural researchers, the National Center for Ground Water Research (NCGWR), the
RSKERL Center for Subsurface Modeling Support (CSMoS) which includes the International Ground Water
Modeling Center (IGWMC) at the Colorado School of Mines, and an on-site technology support contractor with off-
site subcontractors and consultants.
In addition to Superfund, which remains the major client, the RSKERL TSC provides assistance to Headquarters,
Regional, and State personnel responsible for RCRA corrective actions. Underground Storage Tanks, Pesticides, the
Underground Injection Control Program, and the Wellhead Protection Program.
Major client contributions 'of the RSKERL TSC include Site Specific Assistance, Technology Transfer, and the
Subsurface Remediation Information Center. The.TSC completed its fourth year of service;atth"e end of 1991. At
that lime, in addition to its technology transfer activities, it had 68 active and 163 completed site specific projects
encompassing an involvement at a total of 231 Superfund and RCRA locations. - '
Technology Transfer activities have been carried out in response to specific as well as generic requests. The
responses often take the form of issue papers and briefing documents (provided in the following list of RSKERL
publications), workshops, seminars and conferences, and training courses.
The Subsurface Remediation Information Center provides a forum for the rapidly developing, highly specialized
information in this scientific arena. In addition, the Subsurface Remediation Technology Data Base provides site
specific information concerning contaminants and remediation activities at existing hazardous wastes sites.
61
-------
RSKERL- ADA
Technology Support Center
In-House
Researchers
Extramural
Researchers
CORE
TEAM
NCGWR
-Rice
- Oklahoma
Oklahoma St.
- Univ. of Texas
CSMoS
RSKERL
IGWMC
- GeoTrans
On-Site
Contractor
(Dynamac)
Treatability
Sub-Contractors
(West)
GeoTrans
Treatability
Sub-Contractors
(East)
On-Site
Staff
Off-Site
Consultants
100+
Subsurface Remediation
Information Center
62 .
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
PUBLICATIONS
During RSKIiRL's (enure of operation, a large number of reports and other types of documents dealing wilh
environmental problems have been published. A list of those publications for the period 1990 to the present is
presented in this section. These can be obtained as described below. A full list of publications (1967-1992) is
available upon request from RSKERL.
Publications containing an NTIS number should be obtained from:
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, VA 22161
(703)557-4560
Other publications can be requested from:
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
P.O. Box 1198
. Ada, OK 74820
(404) 332-8800
63
-------
I WO ABIOTIC REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION OF CARBON TETRACHLOR1DE AND HEXACHLOROETHANE BY
ENVIRONMENTAL REDUCTANTS
M. Rcinhard, G.I1. Curtis, and M.k. Criegman
EPA-600/2-90-040, NTIS PB 90-261553
ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC CATIONS TO NATURAL MATERIALS
B.J. Brownawcll, II. Chen, J. Collier and J. Wcslall
Environmental Science & Technology, 24 (8): 1234-1241, 1990
EPA-600/J-90-258, NTIS PB 91-144881
ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC CATIONS TO SOILS AND SUBSURFACE MATERIALS
i.C. Westall, B.J. Brownawell, II. Chen, J. Collier, and J. Hatfield
EPA-600/2-90-004, NTIS PB 90-171927 . . ,
AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE WELLS: IMPACT ON GROUND WATER
R.D. Ludwig, R.L Drake and D.A. Sternilzkc
EPA-60W8-90-054. NTIS PB 90-252644
AN ANALYTICAL SOLUTION TO RICHARDS' EQUATION FOR A DRAINING SOIL PROFILE
A.W. Warrick, D.O. Lomean and A. Mas
Water Resources Research, 26 (2): 253-258, 1990
f!PA-600/J-90-218. NTIS PB 91-117200
AN ASEPTIC PROCEDURE TOR SOIL SAMPLING IN HEAVY SAND USING SPECIAL HOLLOW STEM AUGER CORING
L.L. Leach
IN: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Microbiology of the Deep Subsurface, Jan. 1990
ANAEROBIC BIOTRANSFORMATION OF CONTAMINANTS IN THE SUBSURFACE
J.M. Suflita and G.W. Sewell
EPA-600/M-90-024, Feb 91. NTIS PB 91-240549
ANAEROBIC IN-SITU TREATMENT OF CHLORINATED ETHENES
G.W. Sewell, S.A. Gibson and H.H. Russell
IN: Bioremediation of Ground water and Contaminated Soils, Proceedings WPCF Annual Conference, 68-79, Oct. 7-11,
1990
EPA-60WD-90-204. NTIS PB 91-137067
APPROACH TO BIOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
J.L Sims, R.C. Sims and I.E. Matthews
Hazardous Waste & Hazardous Material. 7 (2): 117-149, 1990
EPA-600/J-90-203, NTIS PB 91-116152
APPROACH FOR REMEDIATION ON UNCONTROLLED WOOD PRESERVING SITES
I'l'A-625/7-90-011
ASSESSING DETOXIFICATION AND DEGRADATION OF WOOD PRESERVING AND PETROLEUM WASTES IN
CONTAMINATED SOIL
W. April, R. Sims, and J. Sims
Waste Management & Research, 8 (1): 45-65, Feb. 90
EPA-600/J-90/099, NTIS PB 90-245275
ASSESSING THE GEOCHEMICAL FATE OF DEEP-WELL INJECTED HAZARDOUS WASTE: A REFERENCE GUIDE
J.R. Boulding, C. Grove, J. Thomhill
EPA-625/6-89/025a
ASSESSING THE GEOCHEMICAL FATE OF DEEP-WELL INJECTED HAZARDOUS WASTES: SUMMARIES OF RECENT
RESEARCH . !
J.R. Boulding, C. Grove, J. Thornhill
EPA-625/6-89/025b
BASICS CONCEPTS OF CONTAMINANT SORPTION AT HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
M.D. Piwoni and J.W. Keeley
EPA-54Q/4-90-053, NTIS PB 91-191007
BASICS OF PUMP-AND-TREAT GROUND WATER REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY
J.N. Mercer, D.C. Skipp, and D. Griffin
EPA-600/8-90-003, NTIS PB 90-274549
64
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
BENZENE AND NAPHTHALENE SORPTION ON SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT
RESIDUAL HYDROCARBONS FROM UNLEADED GASOLINE . .; . . '
D.C. Bouchard, S.C. Mruvik. and G.B. Smith
Chemosphere, 21 (8): 975-989, 1990 ,,....
EPA-60CW-90-3% NTIS PB 91-171520
BILATERAL WASTEWATER LAND TREATMENT RESEARCH ' .
L. Leach, B. Blcdsoc, D. Zhen-Bo and W. Shao-Tang
Water Environment and Technology, 2 (12): 1990 . ;
KPA-60Q/D-90-396, NTIS I'B 91-162636
mODHGRADATlON OF D1PHENYL ETHERS BY A COPPER-RESISTANT 01= ERWIN1A SP.
H.J. I Jaw and V.K. Srinivasan
Jnl. Industrial Microbiology. 6 (4): 235-241. Dec. 1990
l-:PA-600/J-90-439. NTIS I'B 91-177204
BIOLOGICAL CLEANUP OF TCE.DCE, AND VC IN GROUNDWATER
M.R. Scaif
Tech Trends, 1: July 90
BIOPLUME H PREDICTION OF NATURAL BIOREMEDIAT1ON IN GROUND WATER SAVES $3 MILLION AT
TRAVERSE CITY SITE
J. Williams
A Supplcmenl lo Tech Trends EPA-540/M-9CV010, No. 3
BIOREMEDIATED SOIL VENTING OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS
D.W. Oslendorf and D.H. Kampbcll
Hazardous Waste & Hazardous Materials, 7 (4): 319-334. 1990
EPA-600/J-90-397, NTIS PB 91-171538
CALIBRATION AND AUTOMATION OF A DUAL-ENERGY GAMMA SYSTEMS FOR APPLICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE
M. Oostroni and Ml. Dane
* Noi AvailaWe NTIS
CHEMICAL TRANSPORT FACILITATED BY COLLOIDAL-SIZED ORGANIC MOLECULES
C.G. Enfield
Haz. Materials Control. 3 (4): 50-51, July/Aug. 1990
EPA-600/J-90-395, NTIS PB 91-171512
A COLLOCATION BASED PARALLEL ALGORITHM TO SOLVE IMMISCIBLE TWO PHASE IN POROUS MEDIA
' K.F. Guarnaccia and G.F. Finder " .
IN: Applications of Supercomputers in Engineering: Fluid Flow and Stress Analysis, Proceedings of First International
Conference, Edited by C Brebbia i A. Peters; 67-78
COLLOIDAL-FACILITATED TRANSPORT OF INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN GROUND WATER: PART I.
SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS
R.W. Puls, R.M. Powell and J,H. Eychaner
EPA-600/M-90-023, NTIS PB 91-168419
COLLOIDAL CONSIDERATIONS IN GROUNDWATER SAMPLING AND CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT PREDICTIONS
R.W. Piils
Nuclear Safely, 31 (1): 58-65, Jan-Mar.1990
EPA-600/J-90-198, NTIS PB 91-116202
CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN THE SUBSURFACE: SORPTION EQUILIBRIUM AND THE ROLE OF NONAQUEOUS
PHASE LIQUIDS
D.C. Bouchard
COPPER COMPLEXATION BY NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER IN CONTAMINATED AND UNCONTAMINATED
GROUND WATER '
T.R. Holm
' ' Chemical Spcciation and Bioavailability, 2 (2): 63-76, Apr. 1990 . .
EPA-600/J-90-269, NTIS PB 91-144865
COSOLVENCY AND SORPTION OF HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
P.S.C. Rao. L.S. Lee. and R. Pinal
Environmental Science & Technology, 24 (5): 647-654, 1990
EPA-600/J-90-20I, PB 91-116178
65
-------
COSOl.VKNCY OF PARTIALLY M1SCII11J! ORGANIC SOLVENTS ON THE SOLUBILITY OP HYDROi'HOBlC
ORGANIC CHEMICALS
R. Pinal. P.S.C. Rao, and L. Lee
Environmental Science & Technology, 24 (5): 639-467. 1990
EPA-600/J-90-199, NT1S PB 91-116194
COSOLVENT EFFECTS ON SORPTION AND MOBILITY OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN SOILS
A.L. Wood, D.C Bouchard, M.L Brusseau and P.S.C. Rao
Chemosphere. 21 (4-5): 575-587, 1990
EPA-600/J-90-394, NT1S PB 91-171504
DENITRIFICATION IN NONHOMOGENEOUS LABORATORY SCALE AQUIFERS: 1. PRELIMINARY MODEL FOR
TRANSPORT AND FATE OF A SINGLE COMPOUND
F.T. Lindstrom and L, Bocrsma
EPA-600/2-90-009, NTIS PB 90-186305
DISSOLUTION OF ORGANIC LIQUIDS IN GROUNDWATER
P.T. Inihoff. P.R. Jaffe and G.F. Pinder
Environmental Engineering, Proceedings of the 1990 Specialty Conference July 8-11, 1990, pp. 291-297
* Not Available NTIS
EFFECTS OF NAPL WEATHERING ON CONTAMINATED TRANSPORT
D.C Bouchard, S.C. Mravik and A.R. Lee
IN: Proceedings of Conference on Haz. Waste Research, May 1990
EFFECT OF PH AND CONCENTRATION ON THE TRANSPORT OF NAPHTHALENE IN SATURATED AQUIFER MEDIA
A.T. Kan and M.B. Tomson
Jnl. Contaminated Hydrology, 5 (3): 235-251, March 1990
EPA-600/J-90-I57. NTIS PB 91-109959
EFFECTS OF RESIDUAL HYDROCARBONS ON CONTAMINANT SORPTION
D.C. Bouchard, S.C. Mravik, and G.B. Smith
Electric Power Research Institute. EN-6749, Project 2485, Proceedings, pp. 24/1-10, March 1990
* Not Available NTIS
ELECTRODE MEASUREMENT OF REDOX POTENTIAL IN ANAEROBIC FERRIC/FERROUS CHLORIDE SYSTEMS
T.J. Grundl and D.L. Macalady
Jnl. Contaminant Hydrology, 5 (1): 97-117, Dec. 89
EPA-600/J-89-386, NTIS PB 90-246075
ENHANCED B1OREMEDIATTON UTILIZING HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AS A SUPPLEMENTAL SOURCE OF OXYGEN
S. I Ming and B. Bledsoe
EPA-600/2-90-006, NTIS PB 90-183435
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING METHANOGENESIS IN A SHALLOW ANOXIC AQUIFER: A FIELD &
LABORATORY STUDY
R.E. Beeman and J.M. Suflita
Ind. Inst. Micro. 5 (I): 45-57, Jan. 1990
EPA-60CW-90-097, NTIS PB 90-245515
ESTIMATION OF FREE HYDROCARBON VOLUME FROM FLUID LEVELS IN MONITORING WELLS
R.J. Lenhard and J.C. Parker
Ground Water, 28(1): 57-67, Jan.-Feb. 90
EPA-600/J-90-538, NTIS PB 91-233387
ESTIMATION OF SPILL VOLUME FROM MONITORING WELL NETWORKS
J.C. Parker, A.K. Katyal. J.L. Zhu and S. Mishra
Ground Water Mgmt., 2: 1233-1243
AN EULERIAN-LAGRANGIAN LOCALIZED ADJOINT METHOD FOR REACTIVE TRANSPORT IN GROUNDWATER
M.A. Celia and S. Zisman
IN: Proceedings of the Eight International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources, Venice, Italy, pp.
383-392. June 1990
» Nol Available NTIS
66
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AN EULER1AN-LAGRANGIAN LOCALIZED ADJOINT METHOD FOR THE ADVECTION-DIFFUSION EQUATION
M.A. Celia, T.F. Russell, I. Herrcra and R.E. Ewing
Adv. Water Resources, 13 (4): 197-206, 1990
EPA-600/J-90-444, NTIS PB 91-177253
FATE OF PAH COMPOUNDS IN TWO SOIL TYPES: INFLUENCE OF VOLATILIZATION,
ABIOTIC LOSS, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
K Park, R. Sims, R. Duponl, W. Doucette and J. Matthews
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 9 (2): 187-195, Feb. 1990
1-PA-60WJ-90-026. NTJS PB 90-219635
A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DRILLING MUD AS A PLUGGING AGENT IN ABANDONED
WELLS
M.D. Sniilh, R.L. Perry, G.F. Stewart. W.A. Hollow-ay, and F.R. Jones
EPA-600/2-90-022, NTIS PB 90-227232
FIELD AND LABORATORY EVALUATION OF THE USE OF NITRATE TO REMOVE BTX FROM A FUEL SPILL
S.R. Ilutchins. J.T. Wilson, et al
In: Proceedings, Environmental Research Conference on Ground Water Quality and Waste Disposal, I.P. Murarka and S.
Cordlc, Eds., May 89
* Not Available NTIS
A FIELD EVALUATION OF IN-SITU-BIODEGRADAT1ON OF CHLORINATED ETHENES: PART I. METHODOLOGY
AND FIELD SITE CHARACTERIZATION
P.V. Roberts, G.D. Hopkins. D.M. McKay and L. Semprini
Ground Water, 28 (4): 591-604. July-August, 1990
EPA-600/J-90-261, NTIS PB 91-144857
A GENERAL MASS-CONSERVATIVE NUMERICAL SOLUTION FOR THE UNSATURATED FLOW EQUATION
M.A. Celia, E.T. Bouloutas and R.L Zarva
American Geophysical Union, 26(7): 1482-1496, July 1990
EPA-600/J-90-445, NTIS PB 91-177261
GEOSTATIST1CS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT: A USER'S MANUAL FOR THE GEOPACK (VERSION 1LO)
GEOSTATISTICAL SOFTWARE SYSTEM
S.R. Yates and M.V. Yates
EPA-600/8-90-004. NTIS PB 90-186420
GROUNDWATER TRANSPORT OF HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE PRESENCE OF DISSOLVED
ORGANIC MATTER
A.T. Kan and M.B. Tomson
Env. Toxic & Chem., 9 (3): 253-263, Mar. 90
EPA-600/J-90-101. NTIS PB 90-245291 '
HYDROCARBON SPILL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT MODELING
J.W. Weaver and R.J. Charbeneau
Ground Water Mgmt., Book 4 of the Scries Proceedings of the 1990. Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in
Ground Water: Prevention, Detection, and Restoration, Nov. 1990
EPA-600/D-91-002, NTIS PB 91-162669 .
HYDROLOGIC-HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TEXAS FRIO FORMATION USED FOR DEEP-WELL
INJECTION OF CHEMICAL WASTES
C.W. Krcitler. M.S. Akhter and A. Donnelly .
Environmental Geological Water Science, 16 (2): 107-120,1990
EPA-600/J-90-257, NTIS PB 91-144899
IN SITU BIOTRANSFORMATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE UNDER ANOXIC CONDITIONS
L. Semprini, G.D. Hopkins, D.B. Janssen, et al
EPA-600/2-90-060, NTIS PB 91-148246
INFLUENCE OF SOLVENT AND SORBENT CHARACTERISTICS ON DISTRIBUTION OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL IN
OCTANE-WATER AND SOIL-WATER SYSTEMS
L.S. Lee. P.S.C. Rao, P. Nkedi-Kizza and J.J. Delfino
Environmental Science & Technology, 24 (5): 654-661, 1990
EPA-600/J-90-200, NTIS PB 91-116186 '
67
-------
INNOVATIVE l'R
-------
NITRATE FOR UlOREStORATION OF'AN AQUIFER CONTAMINATED WITH JET FUEL '.' ' ' " i >'.<-.
S.R. Hutchins, W.C. Downs, J.T. Wilson, et al ' . '
F.i'A-600/2-91-009, NTIS PB 91-164285 ' ' ' ' "- '-I
.- -"' ..i .' . ' . .: . ',.'
NUMERICAL M1HHODS K)R NONLINEAR FLOWS IN POROUS MEDIA
' M.A. Celia. E.T. Iloulciitas and P. Binning ''."'.* ' ' ':'\ > ;?'.' '' ' : t
IN: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources, Venice, Italy, pp.
145-150, June 1990 - i -. c'.
* Not Available NTIS ' ' '.*. .,-.;,
1
I
1
D
El
D
0
n
r
n
n
OASIS: A GRAPHICAL HYPERTEXT DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR GROUND-WATER CONTAMINANT ' .'
MODI-LING ' : ''::: l
CJ. Newell. 1M1. Bcdient « " ... i - . ., .... MI ,,
Ground Water. 28 (2), 224-234, Mar.-Apr. 1990 ' 'I ''<'. - ''. "
EPA-600/J-90-IOO, NTIS PB 90-245283
OASIS: PARAMETER ESTIMATION SYSTEM FOR AQUIFER RESTORATION-MODELS. USER'S MANUAL VERSION
2.0 l - . " ' ' '.'.., .
C.J. Newell. J.F. Haasbeek. LP. Hopkins, S.E. Alder-Schaller, H.S. Rifai, and P.B. Bedient
: EPA-600/8-90-039, NTIS PB90-181314 ';!:.'' .. :.*'.; '.','
. ' K . '1
ORGANIC CHEMICAL TRANSPORT TO GROUNDWATER J
C.G. Enfield and S.R. Yates ...?«. 4.!
Pesticides in the Soil Environment: Processes, Impacts, and Modeling, No. 2 in SSSA Book Series, Ed. H.H. Cheng, Soil
"Society of America, pp. 271-289,' 1990 :.- !:ii :"
EPA-600/D-90-203, NTIS PB 91-137059
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AT A LONG-TERM FOOD PROCESSING LAND TREATMENT SITE '' -
D. Tcdaldi and R. Lochr - . . i . '
F.PA-600/1-90-006, NTIS PB 90-195389
"" : . t (.;: . , , . / .-^ . -. , ;.. :. ,.
PILOT PROJECT ON B1ORESTORATION OF FUEL CONTAMINATED AQUIFER'USING NITRATE . A .
W.C, Downs. S.R. Hutchins and J.T. Wilson .\- .
IN: Proceedings of Aquifer Reclamation and Source Control . 'r . ' i . <, . , .
""ti' i/; i ' .<'.- . - . -.:
PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN A CONTAMINATE VADOSE ZONE: A STABLE AND
! RADIOACTIVE CARBON ISOTOPE'STUDY '>* '. '- '/"-'": ' -:i > ' » ; i
K. Suchomcl. D.K. Kreamer .' .. i '. '. i /.
Env. Sci. Tech., 24(12): 1824-1831. 1990 ' ..
EPA-600/J-90-486, NTIS PB 91-191478 *" ''': ' P* ' ' « }
QUANTITATIVE FIELD EVALUATION OF BIOREMEDIATION'OF A FUEL SPILL USING.HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
J. Wilson, D. Kampbcll, et al. .' . . .
* Not available NTIS c..-. ; ' . .'(' ! '....
"I *" :£...*. . ..'. . , jj ' . . ./. ' .- :,
REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION OF A NITROGEN HETEROCYCLIC HERBICIDE IN ANOXIC AQUIFER SLURRIES
N.R. Adrian and J.M. Suflila
Appl. & Env. Microb., 56 (1): 292-294, Jan. 1990 "'.. ' : . '..
EPA-600/J-90-098, NTIS PB 90-245267 : ' ' <
REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION: A SUBSURFACE BIOREMEDIATION PROCESS
J.L. Sims, J.M. Suflila and IUI. Russell ' -\.'.' , '
Remediation, 1 (1): Winter, 1990/91 . .
EPA-600/J-90-259; NTIS PB 91-144873' ;' ' .'.'. V , r ,-
'':..-' ' r
REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN SOILS AND GROUNDWATER
J.L. Sims, J.M. Suflila and H.H. Russell ' '-*"" ''*,'' . :t
EPA-540/4-90-054. NTIS PB 91-191056
RELIABILITY AND APPLICABILITY OF DSTs AND BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN TEXAS GULF
COAST TERTIARY FORMATIONS ' *' .'...-,- ; /.
M.S. Afchter and C.W. Kreitler i .
Jnl. Petroleum Science and Engineering,13 (4)f-287-303. Jan.'1990 : ' . . -:
EPA-600/J-90-I02, NTIS PB 90-245309 ( 'A ->v- ?
SAMPLING OF GROUND WATER FOR INORGANICS-PUMPING RATE,' FILTRATION, AND OXIDATION EFFECTS
R.W. Puts and J.H. Eychaner
Ground Water Mgmt, 2: 313-327
' t
69
-------
DHNSB NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS (GROUND WATER;ISSUE) ..;.;,;
S.C. Huling and J.W. Weaver -. .' WJ. ., i,-j«
EPA-540/4-91-002, NTIS PB 91-195974 ('-..
i ....
DISSOLUTION OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE AT RESIDUAL SATURATION IN GROUNDWATER
P.T. lmhoff,;P.R, Jaffe and G.F. Finder, ,--; :>-. 'K. ...!' ' '?» ..».'.,. .;
EOS Transactions--The American Geophysical Union-4/91, p. 119 -<
* Not available NTIS 1 , ;.; ,: ,
[IVECT OF THE GEOCHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT ON HEAVY-METAL TRANSPORT GROUND WATER
J.A. Davis, D.D. Kent, B.A. Rea, S.P. Garabedian, and L.C.D. Anderson
U.S. Geological Sureey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program ' ' '''':*. . , i i ' ," .
IN: Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Monterey. CA, March 11-15, 1991. pp 53-62.. -
fiFFECT OF NITRATE ADDITION ON BIORESTORATION OF FUEL-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER: FIELD
DEMONSTRATION
/, SIR. Hutchins, W.C. Downs, J.T. Wilson, et al ' . ' ".' "' ' . ' r >:
Ground Water, 29 (4): 571-580, July- August 1991 . . ' '.:'"::
EFFECTS OF pH, SOLID/SOLUTION RATIO, IONIC STRENGTH, AND ORGANIC ACIDS ON Pb AND Cd ON KAOLINITE
R.W. Puls and R.M. Powell
-. Water, Air. and Soil Polluuon, 56.58: 423-430. 1991 ; , . ' t - ! . .'''.... ",
EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE ON TRANSPORT OF BACTERIA IN A SATURATED AQUIFER MATERIAL
J. Gannon, Y. Tan, P. Baveye and M. Alexander 1 .-. >.'* . T ..»-.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57 (9): 2497-250! ' .,
EPA-600/J-91-239, NTIS PB 92-110428
"* . . ' : . '* A
J.L. Haley, B. Hanson, C. Enfleld and J.Glass - L " .v ji. . '. i '
Ground Water Monitoring Review, 11 (1): 119-124, 1991
EPA-600/J-91-010, NTIS PB 91-177386
EVALUATION OF SORPTION MODELS IN THE SIMULATION OF NAPHTHALENE TRANSPORT THROUGH
SATURATED SOILS ; '
'. , K. Liu, S.C, Marvick and C.G. Enfield "> . M .-,.,- i
Ground Water, 29 (5): 685-692
EPA-600/J-91-257, NTIS PB 92-113190 I ".''> ...
FACILITATED TRANSPORT OF INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN GROUND WATER: PART II. COLLOIDAL
TRANSPORT ,V J '.
R.W. Puls, R.M. Powell, D.A. Clark and C.J. Paul .J" . . f . :,.'.
EPA-60(yM-91-040, July 1991, NTIS PB 92-114503 ' ;'. f ': , ' < . f.
FATE OF VOLATILE AND SEMIVOLAT1LE ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN SOILS: ABIOTIC VERSUS BIOTIC LOSSES
T.A. Anderson, J.J. Beauchampand B.T/Walton- - ." .'. : v ' ''TV ;. ... : ': ,;'
Jnl. Env. Quality, 20 (2): April 1991 , ' . .(..; :,
Not Available NTIS .'. ." , . . j.1 . ,."
FIELD SAMPLING OF RESIDUAL AVIATION GASOLINE IN SANDY SOIL
D.W. Ostendorf. L. Leach, E.S. Hinlein and Y. Xie .'*''' ' .-.:': i
Ground Water Monitoring Review, Spring 1991, pp. 107-120 . . '
EPA-600/J-91-110, NTIS PB 91-207035
AIR VENTILATION FOR"REMEDIATION OF UNSATURATED SOILS CONTAMINATED BY VOC -
j.s.Cho ' ...... . * '.'v " ' r. v.. .
EPA-600/2-91-016, NTIS PB 91-181750 ' - ^ . - *
72
-------
HOT WATER DISPLACEMENT OF LIGHT OILS FROM POROUS MEDIA '
E.L. Davis and B.K. Lien
SupplementaJ-EOS 11-29-91 .
IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCES OF GROUND-WATER SAL1NIZATION USING GEOCIIEM1CAL TECHNIQUES
B.C. Richter and C.W. Kreitler
EPA-600/2-91-064
INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC COSOLVENTS ON THE SORPTION KINETICS OF HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
M.L. Orusseau, A.L. Wood and P.S.C. Rao
Environmenlal Science and Technology, 25 (5): 903-910, Jan. 91
EPA-600/J-91-136, NTIS PB 91-216238
LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES ON BTX BIODEGRADATION IN A FUEL-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER UNDER
DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS
S.R. Hutchins and J.T. Wilson
In Situ Bioreclamalion Application and Investigation for Hydrocarbon and Contaminated Site Remediation, March 1991.
BuKerworth-lIeinemann, pp. 157-172, EPA-600/D-91-256. NTIS PB 92-121227
LARGE-SCALE NATURAL GRADIENT TRACER TEST IN SAND AND GRAVEL, CAPE COD, MASSACHUSETTS; 1.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND OBSERVED TRACER MOVEMENT
D.R. LeBlanc, S.P. Garabedian, K.M. Hess, et al
Water Resources Research, 27 (5): 895-910. May 1991
EPA-600/J-9M35, NTIS PB 91-216275
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF ALKYLBENZENES UNDER SULFATE-REDUCING AND METHANOGENIC
CONDITIONS
II. Beller, E. Edwards, D. Grbic-Galic and M. Reinhard
EPA-600/2-91-027, NTIS PB 91-212324
MICROBIAL TRANSPORT THROUGH POROUS MEDIA: THE EFFECTS OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND
INJECTION VELOCITY
HJ. Marlow, K.L. Duston. M.R. Wiesner, et al
BJoremcdialion: Fundamentals ft. Effective Applications, Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Symposium Gulf Coast Hazardous
Substance Research Center, pp. 75-82, Feb. 21-22, 1991
A MODEL OF VIRUS TRANSPORT IN UNSATURATED SOIL
M.V. Yales , Y. Ouyang, and S.R. Yales
EPA-600/2-91-062, NTIS PB 92-119957
MODELING MULTIPHASE ORGANIC CHEMICAL TRANSPORT IN SOILS AND GROUND WATER
J.C. Parker, A.K. Katyal, J.J. Kaluarachchi, et al
EPA-600/2-91-042, NTIS PB 91-231514
MOFAT: A TWO-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT PROGRAM FOR MULTIPHASE FLOW AND MULTICOMPONENT
TRANSPORT, PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION AND USER'S GUIDE
A.K. Katyal, J.J. Kaluarachchi and J.C. Parker
EPA-600/2-91-020, NTIS PB 91-191692
MOVEMENT OF BACTERIA THROUGH SOIL AND AQUIFER SAND
M. Alexander, RJ. Wagenel, P.C. Baveye. et al
EPA-600/2-91-010, NTIS PB 91-164277
ON-SITE TREATMENT OF CREOSOTE AND PENTACHLOROPHENOL SLUDGES AND CONTAMINATED SOIL
G.D. McGinnis, II. Borazjani, D.F. Pope, D. Strobel and L. McFarland
EPA-600/2-91-019, NTIS PB 91-223370
OPTIMIZING BTEX BIODEGRADATION UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS
S.R. Hutchins
Env. Toxicology and Chemistry, 10: 1437-1448
EPA-600/J-91-288, NTIS PB 92-124262
OXIDATION-REDUCTION CAPACITIES OF AQUIFER SOLIDS
M.J. Barcelona and T.R. Holmes
Environmental Science Technology, 25 (9): 1565-1572
EPA-600/J-91-238, NTIS PB 92-110410
73
-------
PITFALLS IN HYDROGEOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION
S. Acree
IN: Proceedings, Design & Construction Issues at Hazardous Wastes Sites
EPA-540-8-91-012, * Not available NTIS
PREDICTION OF THE SOLUBILITY OF HYDROPHODIC COMPOUNDS IN NONIDEAL SOLVENT MIXTURES
R. Final, L. Lee, and P.S.C. Rao
Chemosphcrc, 22(9-10): 939-951. 1991 Primed in Great Britain-Pergamon Press pic
i.
REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE IN ANOXIC MATERIAL FROM PICATINNY ARSENAL,
NEW JERSEY
B.H. Wilson. T.A. Ehlke, T.E. Imbrigiotta, J.T. Wilson
IN: Proceedings, U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Technical Meeting, March 1991, pp. 704-707
REDUCTION OF HEXACHLOROETHANE AND CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AT SURFACE OF FERROUS IRON
BEARING MATERIALS
M.R. Kriegman and M. Reinhard .
Organic Substances and Sediments in Water, 2, Lewis Publishers, Inc., pp. 349-364
EPA-600/D-91-247, NTIS PB 92-113141
REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF AQUIFER VULNERABILITY AND SENSITIVITY IN THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED
STATES
W. Pettyjohn. M. Savoca, and D. Self
EPA-600/2-91-043, NTIS PB 92-100148
REIJVTIONSHIP BETWEEN CELL PROPERTIES AND THE TRANSPORT OF BACTERIA THROUGH SOIL
J.T. Gannon, M. Alexander, V.B. Manila!
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57 (1): 190-193, Jan. 1991
EPA-600/J-91-002, NTIS PB 91-171884
REMEDIATION OF SITES CONTAMINATED WITH TCE
H.R. Russell, J.E. Matthews and G. Sewell
Remediation, Winter: 167-183, 1990/91
EPA-600/J-91-030, NTIS PB 91-182311
RETC CODE FOR QUANTIFYING THE HYDRAULIC FUNCTIONS OF UNSATURATED SOILS
M.Th. van Genuchten, F.J. Leij, and S.R. Yales
EPA/600-02-91/065
SAMPLING OF CONTAMINATED SITES
F.D. Busche and D.S. Burden
Hazardous Material Control, 4 (3): 35-40
EPA-600/J-91-240, NTIS PB 92-110436
SIMULATION OF TWO PHASE FLOWS AND TRANSPORT WITH INTERPHASE MASS EXCHANGE
J.F. Fuarnaccia and G.F. Pindcr
EOS Transactions--The American Geophysical Union-4/91, p. 120
* Not available NTIS
SOLUBILITY, SORPTION AND TRANSPORT OF HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN COMPLEX MIXTURES
P.S.C. Rao, L.S. Lee and A.L. Wood
EPA-600/M-91-009, NTIS PB 91-240556
SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF GEOCHEMICAL AND HYDROLOGIC PROPERTIES OF SUBSURFACE MATERIALS IN A
SAND AND GRAVEL AQUIFER, CAPE COD. MASSACHUSETTS
C.C. Fuller, J.A. Coston, K.M. Hess, and J.A. Davis
IN: Proceedings, U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program Technical Meeting, Monterey, CA, March
11-15. 1991
STIMULATION OF THE REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION OF TETRACHLOROETHENE IN ANAEROBIC AQUIFER
MICROCOSMS BY THE ADDITION OF TOLUENE
G.W. Sewell and S.A. Gibson
Env. Sci. & Tech., 25 (5): 982-984, 1991
EPA-600/J-91-U1, NTIS PB 91-207043
74
-------
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A STUDY OF FINITE DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATIONS TO, COUPLE CONVECTIVE-DISPERSIVE EQUATIONS WITH A
SECOND ORDER REACTION: USING A NONLINEAR FILTER , . . .
K. Liu , . V . .
KOS, 72(17): 125, Abstract, April 1991 .
THli SWELLING PROPtiRTll-S OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND TIIE1R RELATION TO SORPT1ON OF NON-IONIC
ORGANIC COMIHMJNDS . . , .
W.G. l.yon and D.ii. Rhodes ... . .....
EPA-600/2-9I-033, NTIS PI» 91-217406
TECHNIQUIS TO DETI-RMINE SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF SAND AND GRAVEL
K.M. IIcssanaS.il. Wolf
EPA-600/2-91-006, NTIS PB 92-109123
TOWARD A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE COMPLEX GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES GOVERNING SUBSURFACE
CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT
R.W. Pub
Transport and Mass Exchange Processes in Sand and Gravel Aquifers: Field and Modeling Studies, Proceedings of
International Conference and Workshop, Ottawa, Canada, October 1-4, 1990
EPA-600/M-91-013, NTIS PB 91-216499
USER'S GUIDE FOR THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL LT3VSI DENITRIFICATION ON NONHOMOGENEOUS
LABORATORY SCALE AQUIFERS
G.A. Bachelor, D.E. Cawlfield, F.T. Lindstrom and L. Boersma
Agricultural Experiment Station-Oregon State Univ. Special Rpt. 869
EPA-600/2-91-034, NTIS PB 91-216515 .
MODI-GRADATION OF ATRAZINE IN SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENTS . >
J.L. Sinclair and T.R. Lee .
(In Press)
BIODBGRADATION OF PCBs IN COMPLEX OILY WASTE
S.A. Gibson and 1. Anderson
EPA 600/X-92/022
(In Press)
CAPTURE ZONE DELINEATION USING THE ANALYTIC ELEMENT METHOD: A COMPUTER MODELING
DEMONSTRATION FOR THE ELLIS COUNTY (KANSAS) WELLHEAD PROTECTION COMMITEE
S.R. Kraemer and D.S. Burden
Ground Water Mgmt. Book 9 of the Series Proceedings of the 1992 Solving Ground Water Problems With Models
Conference, p. 697
CHEMICAL ENHANCEMENTS TO PUMP-AND-TREAT REMEDIATION
C.D. Palmer and W. Fish
EPA/540/OS-92/001 (In Press)
COLUMN STUDIES ON BTEX B1ODEGRADATION UNDER MICROAEROPHILIC AND DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS
S.R. Hutchins. S.W. Moolcnaar amd D.E. Rhodes
Ground Water: The Problem and Some Solutions,
IN: Proceedings, 4th Annual Symposium The Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center, Beaumont, TX, April 2-3,
1992, pp. 67-90
DENSE NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS--A WORKSHOP SUMMARY
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
EPA/600/R-92/030
DETECTING WATER FLOW BEHIND PIPE IN INJECTION WELLS
J.T. Thornhill and B.G. Bencfield
(In Press)
DISTRIBUTION, SPECIATION, AND TRANSFORMATION OF CHROMIUM IN CONTAMINATED SOILS
R.W. Puls, D.A. Clark, and C.J. Paul
203rd American Chemical Society National Meeting, San Francisco, CA April 5-10, 1992, Vol. 32, No. I
GENERAL METHODS FOR REMEDIAL OPERATION PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
EPA/600/R-92/002
75
-------
MHTnoix>i.fx;iiis FOR EVALUATING IN SITU BIORF.MIJDIATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS
L. Scmprini. D. Grbic-( Salic, P.L. McCarty, and P.V. Roberts £'
[1W600/R-92/042
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF TOLUENE UNDER SULFATE-REDUCING CONDITIONS AND THE INFLUENCE OF
IRON ON THE PROCESS
H.R. Seller, D. Grbic-Galic and M. Reinhard '
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 1992, pp. 786-793
MODELING CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT THROUGH SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS
R.J. Charbcneau, J.W. Weaver
IN: Proceedings, 4th Annual Symposium Ground Water: The Problem and Some Solutions, Lamar University, Beaumont,
Texas. April 2-3. 1992
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL GAS. WATER QUALITY, AND CORE MATERIAL AT AN AVIATION GASOLINE
SPILL SITE
D. Kampbell and J. Wilson
IN: Proceedings, Conference on Hazardous Waste Research, May 29 and 30, 1991, Kansas State University, Manhattan,
Kansas
STABILITY AND TRANSPORT OF INORGANIC COLLOIDS THROUGH CONTAMINATED AQUIFER MATERIAL
R.W. Puls, R.M. Powell and T.F. Rees
IN: Proceedings, U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program Technical Meeting, Monterey, CA, March
IMS, 1991, pp. 507-510
TRANSPORT OF INORGANIC COLLOIDS THROUGH NATURAL AQUIFER MATERIAL: IMPLICATIONS FOR
CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT
R.W. Puls and R.M. Powell
Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 26, No. 3, 1992
TCE REMOVAL FROM CONTAMINATED SOIL AND GROUND WATER
H.H. Russell, J.E. Matthews and G.W. Sewell
EPA/540/S-92/002
76
------- |