>
I
United states
Environmental Protection
Agency
Pesticides And
Toxic Substances
(H-7503W)
July 1991
Pesticides Industry Sales
And Usage
1989 Market Estimates
1
SPA
7.337
1991.1
Printed on Recycled Paper
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PESTICIDE INDUSTRY SALES AND USAGE:
1989 MARKET ESTIMATES
by
Arnold L. Aspelin
Arthur H. Grube
and
Virginia Kibler
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS BRANCH
BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS DIVISION
OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C 20460
July, 1991
'k''a INTERS LIBRARY
'J "'IROr-.T/IENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
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rr.
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INTRODUCTION
This report provides an overview of the pesticide industry for 1989. It contains a series of
tables with estimates of U.S. and world pesticide markets for 1989. The tables contain
information on quantities used and user expenditures (by economic sector and pesticide
class), imports, exports, numbers of firms/individuals involved in production/use of
pesticides, number of pesticides, certified applicators and on a number of other topics. Most
of the tabular information is for the year 1989, but some historical data are also presented.
Graphic versions of the data are along with a number of the tables. The following page
presents a number of highlights of this year's report and page 3 is a listing of the tables in
the report.
OVERVIEW
Pesticide usage in the U.S. has been relatively stable at about 1.1 billion pounds of active
ingredient during recent years. The agricultural share of pesticide usage (see Table 9)
appears to have stabilized at about three fourths of the total after increasing steadily
throughout the 1960's and 1970's, primarily due to the expanded use of herbicides in crop
production. Growth in the use of pesticides during the 1980's was slowed by: lower
application rates due to the introduction of more potent pesticides, more efficient use of
pesticides, and lower farm commodity prices.
The volume of pesticides used for non-agricultural purposes in the U.S. has been quite
stable in recent years at about 275 million pounds of active ingredient. This equals about
1.1 Ib. per capita in the U.S. (average for 250 million people). Considering all usage,
including agriculture, U.S. pesticide usage equals somewhat more than 4 pounds per capita
(4.28 Ibs in 1989).
The Office of Pesticide Programs, EPA, is nearing completion of a national survey of home
and garden usage of pesticides. The survey field enumeration was conducted in late 1990
and the results will be available from this office later in calendar year 1991.
If you have questions regarding this report or need further information, please contact
Arnold Aspelin, Chief of the Economic Analysis Branch, at (703) 308-8136.
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HIGHLIGHTS OF REPORT
(table no. in parenthesis)
* U.S. pesticide user purchases account for one-third of the world market (1).
* Annual U.S. pesticide user expenditures totalled approximately $7,6 billion in 1989 (2).
* Agriculture accounts for over two-thirds of pesticide user expenditures and ee-fourths of the
quantity used annually (2 & 3).
* Herbicides are the leading type of pesticides, in terms of both user expenditures and volumes used
(2 & 3).
* About 1.1 billion pounds active ingredient of conventional pesticides are used annually in the U.S.
(4). This usage involves about 21,000 pesticide products registered under the Federal Pesticide
Law.
* Total U.S. pesticide usage in 1989 was about Zl billion pounds of active ingredient (This figure
includes wood preservatives, disinfectants, and sulfur.) (4)
* Farmers' expenditures on pesticides equal about 4% of total farm production expenditures (5).
* Total pesticide R & D expenditures represent roughly 13% of pesticide expenditures by user
community (6).
* Net usage of pesticides of about 1.1 billion pounds derives from U.S. production of 13 billion,
imports of 02 billion, and exports of 0.4 billion (pounds of active ingredient of conventional
pesticides) (7).
* Significant numbers of firms/individuals are involved in the production/distribution of pesticides
as follows:
- - 120 leading producers
- - 6200 production sites
- - 3,000 formulators
- - 17,000 distributors (8).
* The usage of pesticides occurs at more than 900,000 farms and at least 70 million households. (8).
* The two most wider/ used pesticides by volume are the herbicides atrazine and alachlor (10).
* There were 15 new active ingredients registered as pesticides under FIFRA in calendar year 1989
(11).
* There are nearly 13 million certified pesticide applicators in the U.S. (12). Of these, most are for
agricultural applications (nearly 1.0 million) and the remainder (03 million) are certified
commercial applicators (12).
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LIST OF TABLES
TITLE
PAGE
TABLE 1 - U. S. and World Conventional Pesticide Sales at User Level,
1989 Estimates 4
TABLE 2 - User Expenditures for Conventional Pesticides in the U.S. by
Class and Sector, 1989 Estimates 6
TABLE 3 - Volume of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in
U.S. by Class and Sector, 1989 Estimates 8
TABLE 4 - U.S. Usage of Conventional Pesticides and Other Types, 1989
Estimates 10
TABLE 5 - Importance of Conventional Pesticide Expenditures to U.S.
Farmers, 1989 Estimates 11
TABLE 6 - Comparison of the Cost of EPA Data Requirements Relative
to Conventional Pesticide User Expenditures in U.S., 1989
Estimates 11
TABLE 7 - U.S. Production and Net Supply, Conventional Pesticides,
Producer Level, 1989 Estimates 12
TABLE 8 - U.S. Pesticide Production, Marketing and User Sectors-Profile
of Number of Units Involved, 1989 13
TABLE 9 - .Annual Usage Estimates of the Largest Pesticides in U.S 14
TABLE 10 - United States Conventional Pesticide Usage, Total and
Estimated Agricultural Sector Share, 1964-1989 16
TABLE 11 - Number of Chemicals Registered for First Time as Pesticides
Under FIFRA, by Type, Calendar Years 1967-1989 17
TABLE 12 -
TABLE 13 -
TABLE 14 -
Number of Certified Applicators in the U.S., 1989 Estimates 18
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Type, 1979-1989 20
U.S. Annual User Expenditure on Pesticides, by Type, 1979-
1989
21
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TABLE 2:
User Expenditures for Conventional Pesticides in the U.S. by Class and
Sector, 1989 Estimates.
Herbicides1
Insecticides2
Fungicides3
Other4
(mil $) (%) (mil $) (%) (mil $) (%) (mil $) (%)
Agriculture
Ind/Com/Govt
Home & Garden
Total
3,255
525
200
3,980
82%
13%
5%
100%
1,099
400
800
2,299
48%
17%
35%
100%
683
100
15
798
86%
13%
2%
100%
388
50
100
538
72%
9%
19%
100%
Total
(milS) (%)
5,425
1,075
1,115
7,615
71%
14%
15%
100%
Source: EPA staff estimates based on NACA annual surveys and other sources.
1 Includes plant growth regulators.
2 Includes miticides and contact nematicides.
3 Does not include wood preservatives.
4 Includes rodenticides, fumigants, and molluscicides, but does not include wood preservatives,
disinfectants, and sulfur.
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User Expenditures for Pesticides In the U.S. by Class and Sector
Size of pie charts show relative size of markets
(Amounts shown in Millions of Dollars)
Herbicide*
Insecticides
Agriculture
$3,265
Agriculture
$1,009
Home & Garden
$200
inoVCom/Govt
£625
ind/Com/Govt
$400
Garden
$800
Fungicides
Other Pesticides
Agriculture
$633 '
Agriculture
$388
Home i Garden
$100
inoVCom/Gcvt
$60
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TABLE 3: Volume of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in U.S. by Class and Sector,
1989 Estimates.
Herbicides1
Insecticides2
Fungicides3
Other4
(mil $) (%) (mil $) (%) (mil $) (%) (mil $) (%)
Agriculture
Ind/Com/Govt
Home & Garden
Total
520
110
25
655
79%
17%
4%
100%
151
45
30
226
67%
20%
13%
100%
65
35
11
111
59%
32%
10%
100%
70
5
3
78
90%
6%
4%
100%
Total
(milS) (%)
806
195
69
1,070
75%
18%
6%
100%
Source: EPA staff estimates based on NACA annual surveys and other sources.
1 Includes plant growth regulators.
2 Includes miticides and contact nematicides.
3 Does not include wood preservatives.
4 Includes rodenticides, fumigants, and molluscicides, but does not include wood preservatives,
disinfectants, and sulfur.
8
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Volume of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients Used in the U.S. by Class
and Sector
Quantities in Millions of Pounds
Sizes of pie charts show relative sizes of markets
Herbicides
Insecticide*
Agriculture
620
Homo S Garden
25
Ind/Com/Govt
110
Agriculture
161 '
Home 4 Garden
30
ind/Com/Govt
46
Fungicide*
Other Pesticide*
Agriculture
66 "
Home & Garden
11
Ind/Com/Govt
36
Agriculture
70
Garden
'lnd/Co
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TABLE 4: U.S. Usage of Conventional Pesticides and Other Types,
1989 Estimates.
Type
Billion Pounds A.I.
Conventional Pesticides
Wood Preservatives
Disinfectants1
Sulfur
Total
1.07
0.70
0.25
0.04
2.06
Source: EPA staff estimates.
1 This estimate includes only disinfectants and not other antimicrobials.
TOTAL 1989 U.S. PESTICIDE USAGE
CONVENTIONAL PESTICIDES AND ALL OTHERS
Conventional
1.07
Wen- 1 Preservatives
0.7
Sulfur
0,04
Disinfectants
0.25
BILLION POUNDS
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
10
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TABLE 5: Importance of Conventional Pesticide Expenditures to
U.S. Farmers, 1989 Estimates.
($ Billion) (Percent)
Farm Pesticide Expenditures1 5.4 4.4
Total Farm Production Expenditures2 124.0 100.0
1 Excludes wood preservatives, disinfectants, and sulfur.
2 USD A, 1991.
Source: USDA and EPA staff estimates.
TABLE 6: Comparison and Cost of R&D Expenditures to meet EPA
Data Requirements Relative to Total Conventional Pesticide
R&D Expenditures in U.S., 1989 Estimates.
$ Million Percent
Pesticide User Expenditures 7,615 100.0
Total Pesticides R&D Expenditures1 966 12.7
EPA Registration-Related R&D
Expenditures1 242 3.2
Source: EPA staff estimates, based on the NACA survey (1989), and other
sources.
1 Re-estimated for 1989 based on data from NACA member firms only.
Total R&D expenditures for U.S. market are global R&D expenditures of
NACA firms reduced by 29.2 percent, the share of sales abroad. EPA
registration-related expenditures are estimated to be 25 percent of total
R&D expenditures, based upon NACA data for 1987, the latest year with
such a break-out in the NACA annual survey report.
11
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TABLE 7: U.S. Production and Net Supply, Conventional Pesticides Producer at
Level, 1989 Estimates.
Category Active Ingredient
(Ibs.)
Sales Value
U.S. Production
U.S. Imports
Total Supply
U.S. Exports
Net Supply/Usage
1.3
02
1.5
0.4
1.1
$7.5
IS
9.0
2.3
6.7
Sources: EPA staff estimates based on NACA Surveys, Department of
Commerce Publications, and other sources.
12
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TABLE 8: U.S. Pesticide Production, Marketing and User Sectors
Profile of Numbers of Units Involved, 1989.
(Approximate Values)
Production and Distribution
Basic Production
1. Major Basic Producers 20
2. Other Producers 100
3. Producing Sites 6,200
4. Active Ingredients
Registered 784
5. Active Ingredients with
food/feed tolerances 350
6. New Active Ingredients/Year 15
7. Total Employment 10,000
Distribution and Marketing
1. Formulators
- major national 150-200
- other 2,500-2,800
2, Distributors &
Establishments
- major national 250-350
- other 16,500
3. Formulated Products
Registered at Federal
Level 21,000
User Level
Agricultural Sector
1. Land in Farms 991 mil. acres
2. Harvested 289 mil. acres
3. Total No. Farms 2.1 mil.
4. No. Farms Using
Chemicals for:
- insects on hay/
crops 554,000
- nematodes 66,000
- diseases on
crops/orchards 129,000
- weed/grass/bush 913,000
- defoliation/
fruit thinning 75,000
(above are '87 census no's.)
5. Number Private Pesticide
Applicators Registered 962,000
Ind./Comm. Gov't Sector
1. No. Comm. Pest
Control Firms 40,000
2. No. Certified
Applicators 303,000
Home/Garden Sector
1. Total U. S. Households 94 mil.
2. No. Households Using-('90)
- Insecticides 70 mil.
• Antimicrobials 46 mil.
• Plant treatments 19 mil.
- Animal treatments 15 mil.
Source: EPA Staff Estimates
13
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TABLE 9: Annual Usage Estimates of the Largest Volume Pesticides
in U.S. 1 (approximate values, 1989)
Pesticide
Atrazine
Alachlor
2,4-D
Metolachlor
1,3-D
Trifluralin
Methyl-bromide
Cyanazine
EPTC
Butylate
Bentazon
Caioaryl
Terbufos
Chlorpyrifos
Glyphosate
Maneb/Mancozeb
Methyl Parathion2
Usage in Million Poun
Active Ingredient
70-
60-
40-
40-
35-
30-
25-
20-
20-
15-
10-
10-
9-
8-
8-
8-
8-
90
75
65
55
45
40
40
30
30
25
15
15
11
16
13
12
12
Source: EPA staff estimates based on a variety of sources.
1 The estimates represent all usage of the active ingredient including noncrop
usage. The estimates do not include 30-40 nul/Ibs Oil
2 The estimate does not include ethvl parathion usage.
14
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CONVENTIONAL PESTICIDE USAGE, 1989:
LEADING PESTICIDES AND ALL OTHERS
atrazine
80
afacnior
67.5
2.4-D
52,5
metolachlor
47.5
1,3-D
40
trif luralin
35
methyl-bromide
32.5
cyanazme
25
EPIC
25
butylate
20
ail others
645
Source: EPA/OPP/BEAD Estimates
Total For 10 Largest - 425 mil Ib.
Total Usage • 1070 million Ibs.
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TABLE 10: United States Conventional Pesticide Usage, Total and
Estimated Agricultural Sector Share, 1964-1989
Year
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Total U.S.
i— — -— rt^T illinn 1 r^c
540
610
680
735
835
775
740
835
875
910
950
990
1,030
1,075
1,110
1,150
1,175
1,205
1,100
953
1,080
1,112
1,0%
1,085
1,130
1,070
Agricultural
Sector
Share
A|_ .
320
335
350
380
470
430
430
495
525
560
590
625
660
720
780
840
846
860
880
733
850
861
820
815
845
806
Agricultural
Sector
DAB* p An f
~~i Cl lt.C-l.il. "•
59
55
51
52
56
55
58
59
60
62
62
63
64
67
70
73
72
71
80
77
79
77
75
75
75
75
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, disinfectants, and sulfur.
Source: EPA staff estimates.
CONVENTIONAL U.S. PESTICIDE USAGE
TOTAL VS. AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
1400
MILLION POUND* ACTIVE INQPtgOICMT
1964 1969 1974 1979
PESTICIDE USAGE
1984
1989
TOTAL
AQ. SECTOR
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TABLE 11: Number of Chemicals Registered for First Time as Pesticides Under FTFRA, by Type,
Calendar Years 1967-1989*
Type
Total Total
Bactericide/ Uses Chemicals
Year Insecticide Herbicide Fungicide Slimicide Nematicide Rodcnticide Other Registered Registered
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
4
6
7
1
0
4
5
6
8
2
1
2
8
4
4
5
5
6
8
2
3
2
5
2
2
4
2
1
5
3
8
11
3
1
2
2
3
3
5
5
1
1
7
5
5
5
2
5
0
2
1
6
4
6
5
2
0
0
4
1
2
1
3
2
1
0
0
1
3
5
4
2
3
1
5
2
0
11
4
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
2
1
6
3
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
16
18
14
10
5
21
15
22
36
12
3
5
17
11
16
17
14
14
13
12
12
11
15
16
18
14
10
4
17
13
22
35
12
3
5
17
11
16
17
14
13
10
11
11
11
15
Source: EPA registration files.
TOTAL NEW CHEMICAL REGISTRATIONS,
FIRST-TIME REGISTRATIONS, 1967-1989.
NUMBER OF REGISTRATIONS
1967 1972 1977 1982 1987
17
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TABLE 12: Number of Certified Applicators in the
United States, 1989 Estimates1.
EPA Region
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
U.S.4
Private2
7,869
25,824
47,690
225,370
156,925
215,746
140,870
70,510
32,389
39,284
962,477
Commercial"
9,025
32,063
22,581
46,925
41,977
29,391
27,418
46,774
20,888
26,092
303,134
Source: EPA 5700-33H form that states submit to EPA
regions each year.
1 The following page presents a map of EPA regions.
2 The term "private applicators" refers primarily to
individual fanners.
3 Commercial refers to professional pesticide
applicators.
4 The U.S. totals do not add because some applicators
are certified in more than Region.
18
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CERTIFIED PESTICIDE APPLICATORS
ESTIMATED 1989 TOTAL, BY EPA REGION
300
CCRTIPtCD
(Tlit««in««)
50
&
1
1
*
23456789 10
EPA REGIONS
PRIVATE 222 COMMERCIAL * TOTAL
8oure«i EPA/OPP/BEAD Ettlntl*
Total Prlv*«» - 992.477
Total Com««rol*l • 909.194
EPA REGIONAL OFFICES
19
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TABLE 13: U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Type. 1979-1989.
Pesticide
Type
1979
1980
1981
1982
Herbicides
Insecticides
Fungicides
Other
Total
560
378
106
106
1,150
555
395
120
105
1,175
570 544
405
123
107
1,205
391
119
106
1,160
1983
Lbs A.I
575
255
68
55
953
1984
675
270
80
55
1.080
1985
670
300
82
60
1,112
1986
655
295
86
60
1,096
1987
645
260
122
60
1.087
1988
660
263
132
70
1,130
1989
655
226
111
78
1,070
Source: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates.
ANNUAL U.S. VOLUME OF PESTICIDE USAGE
ALL PESTICIDES, BY TYPE, 1979-1989.
MILLION POUNDS ACTIVE INGREDIENT
l^UU
1200
1000
800
600
200
i
0
19'
i, H ..r
^\ ^ N M ,
"V^
^^
^**+~- - t — -•^^^••••^••A^^. .
'1 ' 1 1
L_
:
F9 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1988 1987 1988 1989
YEAR
— - HERBICIDES -*~ INSECTICIDES -*~ FUNGICIDES
-a- OTHERS -"- TOTAL
20
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TABLE 14: U.S. Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides, by Type, 1979-1989.
Pesticide 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
Type
or
Herbicides $2,830 $3,100 $3,500 $3,500 $3,600 $4,260 $3,700 $3,625 $3,745 $3,930 $3,980
Insecticides 1,370 1,600 1,700 1,700 1,800 1,880 1,975 1,980 1,990 2,110 2^99
Fungicides 425 520 620 620 450 428 515 515 730 860 798
Other 425 580 650 650 200 215 370 370 385 480 538
Total
5,050 5,800 6,470 6,470 6,050 6,783 6,560 6,490 6,850 7,380 7,615
Source: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates.
ANNUAL USER EXPENDITURES ON PESTICIDES
TOTAL U.S. EXPENDITURES, BY TYPE 1979-89
MILLION DOLLARS (Thouctndi)
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1986 1988 1987 1988 1989
YEAR
HERBICIDES
OTHERS
INSECTICIDES
TOTAL
FUNGICIDES
21
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1.3. Knvironrcrjatal Protection Agenoy
library, Rooa 20D4 Pil-21I-A
01 M Street. S/W.
ashington, DC 20460
3ATC T
ISSUED TO
CA YLORD ^
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