United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Prevention, Pesticides
And Toxic Substances
I7503C)
EPA-733-R-96-002
vvEPA
FINAL REPORT
Survey of 1993 Pesticide
Usage by Certified
Commercial Applicators of
Non-Agricultural Pesticides
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Information Resources Center
US EPA
FINAL REPORT:
RESULTS OF THE 1993 CERTIFIED
COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATOR SURVEY
Prepared for:
Economic Analysis Branch
Biological and Economic Analysis Division
Office of Pesticide Programs
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Prepared by:
Research Triangle Institute
Post Office Box 12194
3040 Cornwallis Road
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194
EPA Contract No. 68-D2-0169
August 22, 1995
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This report was prepared under EPA Contract No. 68-D2-0169 with Research Triangle Institute.
The report was submit red to Edward Brandt, EPA Project Officer, and AI an R. Gooiner, EPA
Work Assignment Manager, EAB/BEAD/OPP/OPPTS. The report was submitted by Robert M.
Lucas, Kerrie E. Boyle, Jill A. Dever, Barbara J. George, and Christy J. Jeffries ofRTI. OPP
staff prepared the work assignment and substantively participated in the preliminary examination
of records, identification of population to be sampled, the survey design, the pilot, and (he
format for presenting the results.
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Table of Contents
LIST OF EXHIBITS
LIST OF TABLES
OVERVIEW i
1. Background 1
2. Overview of the Survey Design 1
2.1 Target Population 2
2.2 Sample Design 2
2.3 Instrument Development 4
2.4 Data Collection 4
2.5 Data Processing 5
2.6 Sampling Weights 6
3. Characteristics of the Target Population 6
3.1 Certified Applicators 7
3.2 For-hire Applicators 9
3.3 Not-for-hire, Certified Applicators 10
3.4 For-hire Pesticide Application Businesses 10
3.5 Pesticide Usage Among Certified Applicators 11
4. Pesticide Usage Estimates 12
4.1 General Estimates of Pesticide Usage 13
4.2 Indoor Versus Outdoor Pesticide Usage 16
4.3 Pesticide Usage by Principal Target Pest 17
Appendix A C\CPAS Questionnaire
Appendix B List of Complete Active Ingredient Names
Appendix C Expanded Versions of Table 12.
Appendix D Expanded Version of Table 13. Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient
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Table of Contents (Continued)
Appendix E Expanded Version of Table 14. Pesticide Usage by Pesticide Type and
Active Ingredient
Appendix F Expanded Version of Table 15. Restricted Product Pesticide Usage by
Active Ingredient
Glossary of Selected C\CPAS Terms and Definitions
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LIST OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1. Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage by Type of Respondent and
Restricted vs General Use Products: 1993 C/CPAS x
Exhibit 2. Distribution of Certified Applicators by Type of Respondent:
1993 C/CPAS xi
Exhibit 3. Non-agricultural Pesticide User by Pesticide Type and Type
of Respondent xii
Exhibit 4. 1993 C/CPAS Inference Regions 3
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Number of Certified Pesticide Applicators and Number of Certified Pesticide
Applicators per Million 1993 U.S. Residential Population by For-hire Status
and C/CPAS Region
Table 2. Number of Certified Pesticide Applicators by For-hire Status and Pest Control
Certification Category
Table 3. Number of Non-agricultural Certifications from 1993 C/CPAS and 1992/1993
EPA State Reports by Pest Control Certification Category
Table 4. Number of Non-agricultural Certifications and Number of Certifications per
Certified Applicator by For-hire Status and Pest Control Certification Category
Table 5. Number of For-hire Pesticide Applicators and Number of For-hire Pesticide
Applicators per Million 1993 U.S. Residential Population by Certification
Status and C/CPAS Region
Table 6. Number of For-hire Pesticide Applicators by Certification Status and
Employer's Pest Control Certification Category
Table 7. Number of Not-for-hire Certified Applicators by Employer's Type of Business
and C/CPAS Region
Table 8. Number of Commercial Pesticide Application Businesses by C/CPAS Region
Table 9. Number of Commercial Pesticide Application Businesses by Pest Control
Certification Category
Table 10. Pesticide Usage by For-hire and Not-for-hire Certified Applicators and
C/CPAS Region
Table 11. Not-for-hire Certified Applicator Pesticide Usage by C/CPAS Region and
Employer's Type of Business
Table 12. Pesticide Usage by For-Hire Status, Employer's Type of Business and
Pesticide Type
Table 13. Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient
Table 14. Pesticide Usage by Pesticide Type and Active Ingredient
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Table 15. Restricted Product Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient
Table 16. C/CPAS Regional Pesticide Usage by Pesticide Type and Restricted Versus
General Use
Table 17. C/CPAS Regional Pesticide Usage by Pesticide Type and Active Ingredient
Table 18. Pesticide Usage by Site Category and Indoors Versus Outdoors
Table 19. Indoors and Outdoors Pesticide Usage by Pesticide Type and Site Category
Table 20. Indoors and Outdoors Pesticide Usage by Site Category and Restricted Versus
General Use
Table 21. Indoors and Outdoors Pesticide Usage by Type of Pest and Active Ingredient
Table 22. Indoors Pesticide Usage by Type of Pest
Table 23. Indoors Pesticide Usage by Type of Pest, Principal Indoor Pest and Restricted
Versus General Use
Table 24. Indoors Pesticide Usage by Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Indoor
Pest
Table 25. Indoors Pesticide Usage by Type of Pest, Principal Indoor Pest and Active
Ingredient
Table 26. Outdoors Pesticide Usage by Type of Pest
Table 27. Outdoors Pesticide Usage by Type of Pest, Principal Outdoor Pest and
Restricted Versus General Use
Table 28. Outdoors Pesticide Usage by Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal
Outdoor Pest
Table 29. Outdoors Pesticide Usage by Type of Pest, Principal Outdoor Pest and Active
Ingredient
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OVERVIEW
What is C/CPAS?
C/CPAS is an acronym for Certified/Commercial Pesticide Applicator Survey, a
survey of pesticide applicators certified in five non-agricultural pest control
categories:
turf and ornamental
right-of-way
industrial, institutional, structural, and health-related
public health
aquatic.
Why was the survey conducted?
P.L. 101-624, the Food. Agricultural, Conservation, and Trade Act required the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) to develop a database and to publish annual comprehensive reports
concerning agricultural and non-agricultural pesticide use. The EPA and USDA
negotiated a Memorandum of Understanding demarcating the specific application
categories to be covered by the respective agencies to avoid duplication of effort, and
the above five categories are EPA's responsibility. The C/CPAS survey is one of
many EPA efforts required by this act.
What is a certified/commercial applicator?
Through cooperative agreements with states, the EPA conducts educational and
training programs on the legal, safe, and effective use of pesticide products. Specific
requirements van' from state to state, but all must satisfy minimal EPA requirements.
Individuals who pass these training courses are certified applicators. Restricted use
products can be applied legally only by or under the supervision of a certified
applicator. Commercial applicators work for pesticide application businesses or other
types of businesses or organizations and routinely apply pesticides as part of their
jobs.
Commercial applicators who work for pesticide application businesses, such as typical
pest control or lawn care businesses, are termed for-hire applicators because they
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apply pesticides on the property of others for a fee. Not-for-hire applicators are
pesticide applicators who apply pesticides on the property of their employers as pan
of their job. These latter applicators work for businesses or organizations such as
golf courses, nurseries, or federal, state or local governments.
When was the survey conducted?
Planning for the survey began in 1991. The sample design, draft questionnaire, and
other data collection forms and protocols were developed in 1992 in consultation with
representatives of trade associations representing pest control and lawn care firms.
The draft questionnaire was pretested with pest control and lawn care firms and
individuals employed at nurseries, golf courses, and other industries. In the summer
of 1993, final preparation for conducting the survey began. The questionnaire was
finalized. Lists of certified applicators and licensed or registered pesticide application
businesses were obtained from the states. These lists were processed to eliminate
ineligible individuals or businesses, and a sample of about 3,000 businesses and 2,500
individuals was selected. Data collection began in late January 1994 and was
completed in early April 1994. Data processing and statistical analysis began in April
1994 and will continue through the completion of this report.
Who was eligible for C/CPAS?
Two types of respondents were eligible for the C/CPAS, for-hire pesticide application
businesses and not-for-hire certified applicators who did not work for a commercial
pesticide application business. The businesses (or their employees) and the individual
applicators also had to be certified in at least one of the five non-agricultural
categories. The final eligibility criterion was that the business or individual had to
have applied pesticides during 1993.
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Who participated in C/CPAS?
A total of 2,000 for-hire pesticide applicator businesses and 1,645 not-for-hire
applicators were eligible for and responded to the survey. However, not all of the
respondents were able or willing to respond fully. Of the 2.000 for-hire businesses.
about 85 percent provided sufficient information so that we could calculate the amount
of pesticide active ingredients they used in 1993. A large fraction of the not-for-hire
applicators (37 percent, or 609 respondents) reported that they did not use any
pesticides during 1993. Of the 1,036 individuals that reported that they used some
pesticides in this year, about 84 percent provided sufficient information so that we
could calculate the amount of pesticide active ingredients they applied in 1993.
Overall, 90 percent of the 1.645 responding individuals reported pesticide usage
information (either zero or positive usage).
What data were collected?
The major objective of the C/CPAS was to make quantitative estimates of pesticide
usage by active ingredient, site category, and principal target pest. Consequently, we
asked each respondent to list even1 pesticide product they used in 1993. For each
product,1 we asked them to provide the product's EPA registration number,
formulation code, product name, and amount of formulated product that they used
during 1993. The respondent was then asked to estimate the percent of the total
amount they used by selected site categories and by indoor versus outdoor use. For
each site and indoor or outdoor use, we then asked the respondent to name the
principal target pest. The list of site categories included an agricultural category
allowing us to exclude agricultural usage from the data analysis.
Some additional information was collected from the respondents, depending on
whether they were a for-hire application business or a not-for-hire applicator. If the
respondent was a for-hire business, we collected information so that we could define
the "business reporting unit" and accurately analyze the data. We also asked the
business respondents to tell us their total number of year-round and seasonal pesticide
applicators and the number of year-round and seasonal applicators that were certified.
'Because some respondents used a large number of products, we developed a special procedure to
reduce their reporting burden. If a respondent reported that they used more than 20 products, we
asked them to provide detailed data for all restricted use products and a random sample of at most 15
general use products.
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If the respondent was an individual, we ascertained if they worked for a for-hire
pesticide application business. If the individual worked for a for-hire business, they
were considered ineligible because they were represented by their employer. If they
did not work for a for-hire business, they were classified as a not-for-hire applicator.
The not-for-hire applicators were asked about the kind of business or organization in
which they worked, such as a golf course, nursery, or governmental agency. In some
situations, the employer of the individuals was unable to provide pesticide usage
information for only the individual selected for the survey. In these situations, we
obtained the total pesticide usage information for all the applicators employed by the
business or organization as well as the number of applicators at that business or
organization so the data could be analyzed properly.
A second component of data collection was completed on a subsample of the
respondents. A random sample of their pesticides usage records was selected and key
data items were recorded. The record abstraction component was done on a pilot
scale to gain experience in the many diverse record keeping situations that were
expected to arise. An evaluation of record abstraction protocols and analysis of the
data is planned and will be reported in a separate document.
How much pesticide usage was estimated?
We estimate that 69.2 million pounds of active ingredients2 were applied in the U.S.
during 1993 by the businesses and individuals eligible for the survey. The for-hire
businesses accounted for 39.6 million pounds (57 percent) versus 29.6 million pounds
(43 percent) for the not-for-hire applicators. Of the total estimate of active
ingredients used in 1993, 11.1 million pounds (16 percent) were contained in
restricted use products versus 58.1 million pounds (84 percent) contained in general
use products.
Is there any non-agricultural pesticide usage not included in the survey?
Yes, major components of non-agricultural pesticides usage were not included in the
C/CPAS. The survey focused on for-hire businesses or not-for-hire applicators
^Pounds of active ingredient were calculated by adjusting the total amount of product reported
using the percent concentration of each active ingredient the product contained. Oils and solvents
were excluded.
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certified to use restricted products in the five non-agricultural usage categories but
collected data on both restricted and general use product usage by these businesses
and applicators. However, a large fraction of the general use products are applied by
persons not covered by the survey, that is, persons not certified. Consequently, their
usage is not included in the C/CPAS estimates.
One major category was intentionally excluded — wood preserving pesticide products
used by commercial, wood-preserving plants. These plants were intentionally
excluded because the American Wood-Preservers' Association periodically conducts a
survey of the entire industry and publishes a comprehensive report that includes
estimates of the amounts of active ingredients used and the types of materials treated.
The comprehensive report provides accurate estimates of the usage of these chemicals.
The C/CPAS, however, does include estimates of wood preservative usage by
certified applicators not employed by commercial, wood-preserving plants.
The survey was not designed to estimate home and garden pesticide usage by home
owners and renters. Consequently, this major component of general use product
usage is not included in the C/CPAS pesticide usage estimates.
Some other major components of non-agricultural pesticide usage were only partly
covered by the survey. For example:
• The C/CPAS estimates that 4.5 million pounds of active ingredients were
applied by about 11,000 employees of golf courses. There are about 13.000s
golf course facilities in the U.S., suggesting a potential underestimate of about
15 percent. A comparison of the C/CPAS estimate with other information
available in the industry suggests that estimated pesticide usage on golf courses
is underestimated by about 40 percent. A possible explanation is that pesticide
usage on golf courses by not certified applicators (but under the supervision of
a certified applicator) was not captured in the survey.
• A comparison of the C/CPAS estimated pesticide usage by employees of the
nursery industry with other sources reveals that only a small portion (about 5
percent) of pesticides used by nurseries was captured in the survey. Many
states certify nursery employees as private applicators, who were not eligible
for the survey—this likely explains the low coverage of this component of the
C/CPAS.
Statistical Abstract of the United States. 1993. page 253. U.S. Department of Commerce.
Economics and Statistics Administration. Bureau of the Census.
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Other components of non-agricultural usage, such as usage by employees of federal,
state, and local governments and utilities, compare well with other sources of their
pesticide usage. These comparisons suggest that the C/CPAS provides estimates for
pesticide usage and use characteristics for pest control businesses as well as for most
other major commercial non-agricultural usage.
How well can C/CPAS estimate non-agricultural pesticide usage and use characteristics?
Because the businesses and individuals participating in the C/CPAS were selected
using scientifically valid statistical sampling procedures, estimates can be made for
most commercial non-agricultural pesticide usage (with the exception of the two major
components mentioned above). The precision of these estimates reflecting the
"sampling error" of the survey can also be calculated. The "sampling error" is the
term used to describe the uncertainty associated with an estimate because we only
collected data from a sample of the for-hire businesses and not-for-hire applicators as
opposed to the entire population.
The target population of the C/CPAS showed considerable variation among the
respondents in number, type of products and amount of pesticide used. Estimates
based on a large number of respondents generally are more reliable (that is, they have
acceptably small sampling errors) than estimates based on a few observations. The
more detailed and specific an analysis, however, the fewer the number of respondents
who contribute to the estimate, thereby diminishing the reliability of the estimate.
This phenomenon is true in all surveys but is exacerbated by the tremendous variation
in the C/CPAS population's usage of pesticide products.
As in anv survev. other sources of error mav affect the accuracy of the estimates.
v rf • * *
These other sources are discussed below.
What and how do other sources of error affect C/CPAS data quality?
Four major sources of nonsampling errors can be identified: business or individual
nonresponse. item nonresponse. quality of the reported usage amounts, and analytic
error.
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Business or individual nonresponse.
C/CPAS was a voluntary' survey; consequently, some businesses and
individuals chose not to cooperate. To reduce the potential underestimation of
total usage, statistical analysis techniques were used to compensate for those
who chose not to cooperate.
Item nonresponse.
Item nonresponse results from the respondents' inability or
unwillingness to answer specific questions, such as providing the EPA
registration number for the products they used, the amount of products
used, the percent used on the site categories and indoors versus
outdoors, or the principal target pest.
A substantial effort was made to impute logical responses for the
missing data items. For cases where a logical imputation could not be
made with confidence, the items were coded as pan of an other/missing
category.
Usage amounts were never imputed. Consequently, this missing data
introduced some underestimation of the usage estimates. The percent
of missing amounts was small, suggesting that the underestimation was
minor.
Quality of reported usage amounts.
Source of usage data largely determines quality. The respondents were
encouraged to refer to usage records or purchase and inventory records
to fill out a special form that was mailed to them prior to the interview.
Most respondents completed the form before the interview using
purchase records. Use of records, as opposed to recall, to provide the
product amount data should have minimized this source of error.
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Analytic error.
Convening amounts of formulated product to pounds of active
ingredient is another source of error. Amounts of reported product
were first standardized to pounds or gallons based on whether they
were solid or liquid formulations. Gallons of liquid formations were
then converted to pounds using the density of water. Because the
density of most liquid products is not equal to the density of water, this
assumption introduces error into the pounds active ingredient. This
error is anticipated to be minor because most products' densities are not
substantially different from water.
Some illogical associations between pesticide type and pest type arise
from some of the data collection protocols. We asked the respondent
to provide only one "principal" target pest for each site
category/indoor/ outdoor usage report. Some products contain more
than one active ingredient (for example, an insecticide and a herbicide).
In these situations, some respondents reported the "insect pest" and
others reported the "plant pest." Consequently, there were
inconsistencies between pesticide type and pest type. An example was
an insecticide used to control weeds. The usage amounts associated
with these inconsistencies were generally minor.
Can individual applicators or businesses who participated in the survey be identified?
No, the C/CPAS was confidential. Data will be published only in aggregate form so
that no respondents can be identified. Any data files that are provided to EPA or
released to the public will be constructed so that no businesses or individual
applicators can be identified. Only general geographic information, such as state, will
be included on the file.
What were the results of the survey?
The main body of this report contains extensive tabulations and illustrations of the
results of the C/CPAS. These results are supplemented with detailed appendices. We
conclude this overview with illustrations of a few results.
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Exhibit 1 illustrates the distribution of non-agricultural pesticides usage in the U.S.
during 1993 by the two types of respondents, for-hire businesses and not-for-hire
applicators, as well as by restricted versus general use product usage. The exhibit
shows that the businesses used about 10 million pounds more of active ingredients
than the not-for-hire applicators. The exhibit also shows that restricted use products
were a relatively small part of total non-agricultural pesticide usage.
Exhibit 2 compares the number of certified applicators by for-hire versus not-for-hire
status. The exhibit shows that the number of for-hire certified applicators (those that
work for for-hire businesses), 69.8 thousand, is about three-fourths the number of
not-for hire certified applicators, 95.7 thousand. The exhibit does not show that the
for-hire business usage includes pesticides applied by 29.6 thousand applicators that
are not certified.
Exhibit 3 illustrates pesticide usage in the U.S. during 1993 by pesticide type and
type of respondent, for-hire business and not-for-hire applicators. The exhibit shows
that herbicides are the most used pesticide by both types of respondents, about 40
percent of the total. Insecticides rank second in total usage. For-hire businesses use
relatively more insecticides than not-for-hire applicators, 39 versus 24 percent.
respectively. Note that both respondents use a relatively large amount of multi-type
products. Multi-type products are so named because they can be used to control more
than one type of pest, for example, copper sulfate can be used as both a fungicide and
algaecide.
Some respondents applied pesticides on agricultural sites as well as on the five non-
agricultural sites. For each product reportedly used, the respondent allocated total
usage among the agricultural as well as the five non-agriculture site categories.
Consequently, we were able to calculate the percent of a specific product's usage that
was applied to non-agricultural and agricultural sites. The estimates illustrated in
these two exhibits as well as all tabulations in the remainder of the report exclude
agricultural usage.
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Exhibit 1. Non-agricultural Pesticide Active Ingredient Usage by Type
of Respondent and Restricted vs. General Use Products:
1993 C/CPAS
80
58.1
Total For-Hire Not-For-Hire Restricted
Business Applicators
General
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Exhibit 2. Distribution of Certified Applicators by Type
of Respondent: 1993 C/CPAS
200
Total
For-Hire Not-For-Hire
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Exhibit 3. Non-agricultural Pesticide Active Ingredient Usage by
Pesticide Type and Type of Respondent: 1993 C/CPAS
Total
Herbicide
Insecticide
Fungicide
Fumigant
Other
Multi-Type
39.6
0 10 20 30 40 50
Million of Pounds of Al
For-Hire Business L_ Not-For-Hire Appl.
XII
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Highlights of the 1993 Certified/Commercial Pesticide Applicator Survey
1. Background
In compliance with P.L. 101-624 of the 1990 Food, Agriculture, Conservation and
Trade Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for submitting a
report to the U.S. Congress describing annual, non-agricultural pesticide usage levels
nationwide. To obtain data for this report, the Research Triangle Institute (RTI). under
contract to the EPA. designed and conducted the 1993 Certified/Commercial Pesticide
Applicator Survey (C/CPAS). The C/CPAS covers a target population of all applicators
certified to apply restricted use products under five certification categories defined by the
Federal Insecticide. Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA):
turf and ornamental
right-of-way-
aquatic
industrial, institutional, structural and health-related
public health.
This report, the first volume in a series of three, begins with a brief overview of
C/CPAS survey design, followed by estimates of the characteristics of the target population
and of pesticide usage levels. The tables (and exhibits) in this report, which appear
sequentially after the text, illustrate tabulations that can be conducted on the C/CPAS
database. These tables highlight the 1993 C/CPAS results—we do not purport that they
exploit the richness of this database. Finally, the second and third volumes of this report
will provide details about the survey design and document the analysis files, respectively.
2. Overview of the Survey Design
The C/CPAS design focused on restricted use product/non-agricultural usage.
Restricted use products (RUPs) can be legally applied only by or under the supervision of a
certified applicator and almost entirely under state certification programs approved by the
Administrator of EPA. The five certification categories selected for coverage by the survey-
are the major non-agricultural categories of certification outlined in FIFRA. Therefore, non-
agricultural RUP usage is well covered except for one component that was purposely
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excluded — industrial use of wood preservatives because that portion of usage is covered by
an accepted secondary source of data.
In this section, we summarize the important features of the 1993 C/CPAS design.
We discuss the target population, sample design, instrument development, data collection.
data processing, and sampling weights.
2.1 Target Population
The target population for the 1993 C/CPAS included all pesticide applicators certified
during 1993 in at least one of the five non-agricultural pest control categories listed above.
This survey did not cover all non-agricultural pesticide usage. Because the target population
included certified applicators (that is, applicators who can legally apply restricted use
products), the C/CPAS covers usage of restricted use products. However, pesticide
applicators who only apply non-agricultural general use products were not pan of the 1993
C/CPAS target population. Consequently, their usage of non-agricultural general use
products was not reflected in the 1993 C/CPAS estimates. The 1993 C/CPAS also excluded
pesticide usage by commercial, wood-preserving plants and home owners or renters.
Finally, geographic coverage for the survey was the 48 contiguous states and the District of
Columbia.
2.2 Sample Design
The sampling units for the 1993 C/CPAS were commercial pesticide application
businesses and not-for-hire certified applicators, which were selected in two stages. The
C/CPAS primary sampling units consisted of a county or a group of contiguous counties for
counties with small residential population counts in 1990. The selected 159 primary
sampling units were located in 46 states. This first-stage sample was allocated over four
geographic inference regions that were formed by combining the 10 EPA regions (see
Exhibit 4). (Many of the subsequent tables present estimates by these four regions.)
We contacted state agencies in these 46 states to obtain the second-stage sampling
frame source materials—that is, lists of certified applicators and, when possible, of for-hire
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pesticide application businesses. Telephone screening of certified applicators was required in
several states where a list of for-hire pesticide application businesses was not available. For
these states, we developed indirectly a list of these businesses by querying a sample of
certified applicators about the businesses for which they worked.
To improve the efficiency of our design, we constructed dual frames: (1) for-hire
pesticide application businesses and (2) not-for-hire certified applicators (that is, certified
applicators not affiliated with a for-hire pesticide application business). We stratified the
frames using a hierarchical definition of pest control certification category that prioritized the
rarely occurring categories. We then selected our second-stage samples of about 3,000
for-hire pesticide application businesses and about 2.500 not-for-hire certified applicators.
2.3 Instrument Development
In addition to the telephone screening form, we developed a lead letter tailored to
either a for-hire pesticide application business or a not-for-hire certified applicator, a
pesticide product form, a questionnaire, and a record abstraction form. EPA staff reviewed
these instruments, and we pretested them on multiple occasions to minimize respondent
burden.
2.4 Data Collection
The C/CPAS questionnaire contained items to determine the:
• eligibility of the respondent
• other locations, other names, mergers or splits of commercial
pesticide application businesses
• pesticide product usage
• number of year-round and seasonal employees in businesses and
their certification status.
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Appendix A contains a modified version of the 1993 C/CPAS questionnaire with only one
pesticide table instead of 20 and a site code card,
RTI staff developed training materials and conducted five C/CPAS training sessions in
January 1993 that were attended by 140 field interviewers and 14 field supervisors.
Depending on their experience, the field interviewers attended up to a five-day session. The
training sessions were standardized to include classroom instruction, simulated practice
sessions, and exercises. An EPA representative observed two of the training sessions.
To minimize respondent burden, data collection occurred during a 10-week period in
late winter 1994. the off-season for many pest control applicators. Approximately one week
after mailing a lead letter and pesticide product form, the field interviewer telephoned the
selected business or individual to schedule an interview. When the field interviewer visited
the business or the applicator at his or her place of business, the interviewer requested the
pesticide product form to facilitate completing the questionnaire. If the business or
individual was designated for record abstraction, the field interviewer then explained the
record abstraction process and requested access to the pesticide usage records. The field
interviewer randomly selected approximately 25 records to complete the record abstraction
form.
Frequently, a reporting unit for the C/CPAS was a "cluster" of for-hire pesticide
application businesses or a "cluster" of not-for-hire certified applicators. This situation
occurred when a for-hire pesticide application business (or a not-for-hire certified applicator)
was unable to provide pesticide usage information for the selected business location (or
applicator) only. In addition to collecting the available pesticide usage data for multiple
businesses (or applicators), field staff also recorded the number of business (or applicators)
associated with the recorded pesticide usage data to be able to make multiplicity adjustments
to the weights.
2.5 Data Processing
After receipt at RTI. the questionnaires and record abstraction forms were batched,
manually edited, and keyed. Numeric data were 100 percent key-verified to minimize data
entry errors. Computer edits included checks on ranges and skip patterns as well as
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consistency checks. A few respondents were recontacted to confirm or clarify some of their
responses.
The reported pesticide usage amounts were standardized to units of pounds of active
ingredient in a series of steps. The reported amounts were first convened to pounds or
gallons, based on whether there were solid or liquid formulations, respectively. Gallons
were then convened to pounds using the density of water. The pounds of formulated product
were then merged by EPA registration number with the pesticide product files maintained by
the EPA at their National Computer Center in Research Triangle Park, NC, to ascertain
levels of active ingredient per product. The concentrations of each active ingredient in the
product were used to calculate the pounds active ingredient. These files then were merged
with the sampling weights file.
2.6 Sampling Weights
The 1993 C/CPAS sample was a probability-based sample of the target population
defined above. RTI used analysis weights to properly expand the sample data to describe the
target population and its usage of pesticides.
The sampling weights were the inverse of the probabilities of selection. The sampling
weights were adjusted to reflect multiplicities identified on the frame and through data
collection. Examples of these latter multiplicities include other locations, other names, and
mergers or splits identified via questionnaire items Q8 through Qll (see Appendix A). The
resulting analysis weights also reflect additional adjustments for unknown eligibility status
(for example, when the interviewer encountered a language barrier) and for reporting unit
non-response. Finally, we used our proprietary software to produce unbiased estimates of
parameters and their standard errors properly accounting for the complex design features.
3. Characteristics of the Target Population
Our investigation of the characteristics of the target population for the 1993 C/CPAS
includes a description of certified applicators, for-hire applicators, not-for-hire certified
applicators, and for-hire pesticide application businesses. We conclude this section with a
discussion of pesticide usage among applicators.
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3.1 Certified Applicators
Our initial discussion of the 1993 C/CPAS results focuses on the estimated number of
certified pesticide applicators in the U.S in 1993. We look at the distribution of certified
applicators by for-hire status and C/CPAS region in Table 1. In addition, the number of
observations used to make these estimates and their standard errors also appear in this table.
(In most of the subsequent tables, we present at a minimum these three data items.) Table 1
also contains the estimated 1993 U.S. population count used to calculate the number of
certified pesticide applicator per million population. Two figures immediately follow Table
1 illustrating estimates included in the table. Tables are presented sequential!}' after the text.
Many tables are immediately followed by a figure illustrating the table's information.
From the C/CPAS, we estimate that there were 165,478 non-agricultural certified
pesticide applicators in the U.S. during 1993. Among these, 42.2 percent were for-hire
applicators and 57.8 percent were not-for-hire applicators (that is, 69.802 versus 95,676
certified applicators, respectively). The Northeast had the greatest number of applicators and
the Central had the least number among the four regions. However, the Central region had
the largest number of non-agricultural certified pesticide applicators per million population,
797; see Table 1.
Like Table 1. Table 2 describes the non-agricultural certified applicators in the U.S.
during 1993 but focusses on for-hire status and pest control certification status. Because
many pesticide applicators hold multiple certifications, combinations of certification
categories are presented in this table. For producing this table, we assumed that all certified
applicators who worked for a commercial pesticide application business were certified in the
categories assigned to that business. Many states do not register or license commercial
pesticide application businesses in a particular pest control category; rather, they require at
least one employee to be certified in at least one category. For these states, we assigned
certification categories by matching addresses of the businesses and addresses of the
applicators. The business was then assigned the certification categories of any and all
applicators that matched to it. Frequently, there were not any matches of the business
addresses with at least one applicator's address. We assumed this situation occurred because
the applicator's home address, not employer's address, was on the state file. In the case of
"no matches" for a business, the certification categories for the applicator's employed by that
business were unknown.
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The two most common pest control certification categories among non-agriculturaJ
pesticide applicators were industrial, institutional, structural, and health-related and turf and
ornamental. There were relatively more not-for-hire pesticide applicators certified solely in
aquatic, right-of-way and public health pest control (4.4 percent. 13.8 percent, and 7.2
percent, respectively) than there were for-hire pesticide applicators certified in these
categories (0.8 percent. 5.7 percent, and 0.2 percent, respectively). This difference may be
explained by the many state and municipal (not-for-hire) pesticide applicators that were solely
certified in these categories. On the other hand, relatively more for-hire than not-for-hire
certified applicators held multiple certifications (24.9 percent versus 16.3 percent,
respectively). The diversity in job opportunities afforded by multiple certifications might be
necessary for a commercial pesticide application business to remain viable.
As discussed above, many applicators were certified in more than one pest control
category. Thus, in addition to the number of non-agricultural certified pesticide applicators,
we also estimated from the C/CPAS the number of certifications held by these individuals
during 1993: 208,592 (see Table 3). The most frequently occurring pest control
certification category was turf and ornamental followed by structural, right-of-way, aquatic.
and then public health.
We also can compare C/CPAS estimates of the number of non-agricultural
certifications held in 1993 to estimates culled from reports submitted quarterly by states
(Form 5700-33H) to the EPA. We present the estimates from state reports for 1992 and
1993 in the last two columns of Table 3. We have included results for 1992 and 1993
because, during our list acquisition process, some states only could send files of certified
pesticide applicators and commercial pesticide application businesses that were active in
1992. These lists were used for constructing the second-stage frame for the 1993 C/CPAS.
The estimates from the 1993 C/CPAS and from the state reports are comparable for
all pest control certification categories except (1) industrial, institutional, structural and
health-related, and (2) turf and ornamental. For these two categories, the estimated number
of non-agricultural certifications from C/CPAS is substantially less than that reported by
states to the EPA. At this time, we do not know why our estimates for these two categories
differ from the state reports. One possible explanation is that when we processed the state
lists, we deleted applicators whose certifications had expired.
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We report in Table 4 the number of non-agricultural certifications held, the number of
applicators holding these certifications, and the ratio of these two estimates — that is. the
average number of non-agricultural certifications per applicator. These estimates of the
certifications held are for the U.S. during 1993. The sum of the number of certifications
held and of the number of applicators over pest control certification category does not equal
the total because of multiple counting (that is, a certified pesticide applicator may have more
than one certification).
Non-agricultural certified applicators in the U.S. during 1993 held, on an average,
1.26 certifications. The number of certifications per for-hire certified applicator was higher
than that per not-for-hire certified applicator: 1.32 versus 1.22. respectively. With the
exception of the industrial, institutional, structural, and health-related pest control category,
this relationship remained when we look at specific non-agricultural pest control certification
categories. As discussed previously, this difference may be explained, in part, by the fact
that for-hire certified applicators may need versatility in the number of products used to
satisfy their customers need and therefore seek to be certified in more than one category (that
is, multiple certifications) to maintain a business. For both the aquatic and public health pest
control categories, such marketplace factors may explain the substantial difference between
the average number of certifications per for-hire applicators and not-for-hire applicators (2.43
versus 1.93. respectively, for aquatic and 2.72 versus 1.43. respectively, for public health).
Pesticide applicators certified in structural pest control or in turf and ornamental pest control
had the fewest number of certifications per applicator (1.44 and 1.47, respectively).
3,2 For-hire Applicators
For-hire applicators are employed by a commercial pesticide application business —
that is, a business licensed or registered by a state to apply pesticides on the property of
others for a fee. For-hire applicators may or may not be certified. Some of the for-hire-
business may be single-person firms where the owner also does all pesticide applications. In
some states, applicators who are not certified may apply restricted use products under the
supervision of a certified applicator. Table 5 contains the distribution of the estimated
number of for-hire pesticide applicators in the U.S. during 1993 by certification status and
region. The number of applicators per million U.S. 1993 population appears in the final
column of this table.
-------
More than 70 percent of the estimated 99,330 for-hire applicators in the U.S. in 1993
were certified. The number of for-hire applicators per million population ranged from 263 in
the West to over twice that number in the South (568). Among for-hire applicators, the
number of certified applicators per million population was greater than the number of not
certified applicators per million population in each C/CPAS region. There were fewer for-
hire, not certified applicators per million population in the Northeast and West (52 and 63.
respectively) than in the South or Central (228 and 166, respectively) regions.
Table 6 presents the number of for-hire applicators by pest control certification
category and combinations thereof. Because for-hire pesticide application businesses may
also employ applicators that are not certified, we present the number of for-hire applicators
by their certification status as well. For the not-certified applicators, we grouped them into
certification categories based on the certification category of their employer (or the
certification category of the certified applicators who worked at the same location).
3.3 Not-for-hire, Certified Applicators
Table 7 contains the estimated distribution of 95,676 non-agricultural not-for-hire
certified applicators in the U.S. during 1993 by their employers' business type and C/CPAS
region. The type of business includes golf course; nursery; public/governmental agency:
utility; transportation, industrial, and other commercial; other, refused or unknown; and no
application. Over 34 percent of these applicators had an active certification but did not apply
pesticides in 1993. (The large percent of "inactive" applicators was unexpected and the
questionnaire was not designed to capture the type of business of their employer.) Some
examples of such an individual are a state inspector, pesticide salesman, or a supervisor in a
state department of transportation who manages a crew of pesticide applicators of right-of-
ways. Over 33 percent of the not-for-hire certified applicators were employed by federal,
state or local governments or other public agencies. The 11,123 certified applicators
working at golf courses represent 11.6 percent of this group.
3.4 For-hire Pesticide Application Businesses
There were an estimated 33.096 for-hire pesticide application businesses in the U.S.
during 1993; see Table 8. Forty-one percent of the businesses were located in the Northeast:
35 percent, in the South: 13 percent, in the West; and 11 percent in the Central region.
10
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Table 9 presents the distribution of these businesses by pest control certification
category. For-hire pesticide applicator businesses were assigned pest control certification
categories in one of two ways. The first case is straightforward: some states license or
register businesses by category. In the other states, we classified the businesses according to
the pest control certification categories of the certified applicators employed by that business.
About 34 and 31 percent of for-hire pesticide application businesses were "licensed" in turf
and ornamental pest control only and structural pest control only, respectively. Relatively few
businesses were just "licensed" in aquatic, right-of-way, or public health pest control (0.7
percent, 1.8 percent, and 0.3 percent, respectively). As before, this pattern of "licensing"
among for-hire pesticide application businesses may reflect their need to offer versatile pest
control sendees.
3.5 Pesticide Usage Among Certified Applicators
During 1993, U.S. certified applicators used over 69 million pounds active ingredients
in non-agricultural applications (see Table 10). For-hire applicators used the majority of these
pounds active ingredients, that is. over 57 percent. The remaining 30 million pounds active
ingredients were applied by not-for-hire certified applicators. There were regional differences
in non-agricultural pesticide usage. Fifty-two percent of the non-agricultural pesticides used
by for-hire applicators was applied in the South while the least amount (6.3 percent) was
applied in the Central region.
Table 11 provides additional information on the pesticide usage by the not-for-hire
certified applicators — specifically, the usage within region by employer's type of business.
Overall, 45.4 percent of pounds active ingredient applied by not-for-hire certified applicators
in the U.S. during 1993 was used by employees of public or governmental agencies. These
agencies include federal, state, and municipal governments. Not-for-hire certified applicators
employed at golf courses used an estimated 4.502 million pounds active ingredients in 1993.
Table 12 provides estimates of non-agricultural pesticide usage in the U.S. during 1993
by for-hire applicators and not-for-hire certified applicators specific to type of business and
pesticide type. Note that multi-type products are used to control more than one type of pest
(for example, insects and plants).
11
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Almost 80 percent of the pesticides used by for-hire applicators was either an
herbicide or an insecticide. Similarly, the two most prevalent pesticides used by not-for-hire
certified applicators were herbicides and insecticides, accounting for more than 63 percent of
their usage. Not-for-hire certified applicators applied relatively more multi-type products
than for-hire applicators (22.2 percent versus 8.7 percent, respectively). Appendix B
contains two expanded versions of Table 12 listing active ingredients.
4. Pesticide Usage Estimates
In this section, we provide estimates of pesticide usage by the C/CPAS eligible
population in the U.S. during 1993.
Tables 13 through 29 present estimates of non-agricultural pesticides usage by the
C/CPAS eligible population during 1993. The tabulations follow a general pattern,
beginning with national level estimates of active ingredient usage and proceeding to estimates
of active ingredient usage for a very specific situation.
National level estimates are given in Tables 13 through 15. More detailed estimates
are then provided: C/CPAS regional usage estimates in Tables 16 and 17, indoor and
outdoor usage estimates in Tables 18 through 21, and usage estimates by target pests in
Tables 22 through 29.
The national and regional tables also include usage estimates by active ingredient
contained in restricted use products versus general usage products and by pesticide type. The
indoor and outdoor tables describe pesticide usage by pesticide type, restricted versus general
use, active ingredient, or site category.
The target pest tables are grouped by indoor usage (Tables 22 through 25) and
outdoor usage (Tables 26 through 29). Each set of four tables follows the same pattern
presenting usage estimates by pest type, principal indoor (or outdoor) pest, site category, or
active ingredient.
12
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4.1 General Estimates of Pesticide Usage
We present in Tables 13 and 14 estimates of non-agricultural pesticide usage in the
U.S. during 1993. Table 13 lists active ingredients is descending order of usage while Table
14 lists active ingredients in descending order of usage within pesticide type. Chlorpyrifos.
an insecticide, was the most-used pesticide in the U.S. during 1993. followed by: malathion.
another insecticide; glyphosate salt, a herbicide; 2.4-D, another herbicide; and methyl
bromide, a fumigant. We examine pesticide usage by pesticide type. Herbicides accounted
for 40 percent of non-agricultural pesticide usage; insecticides, 33 percent; multi-type
products. 14 percent; fumigants, 7 percent; and fungicides, 5 percent.
Note that 2-4-D and picloram salt appear twice in both tables, once representing the
amount of active ingredient in general use products and once representing the amount of
active ingredient in restricted use products. This double listing of active ingredients is
required because products, not active ingredients, are restricted. For example, the total
usage for 2-4-D is 3,814.000 pounds with only 11 percent in restricted use products. The
total usage for picloram is 276,000 pounds with 90 percent in restricted use products.
A few of the active ingredient names are very long and were truncated to their first
40 characters when producing the tables. Appendix C contains the complete active
ingredient name, sorted by active ingredient code. The interested reader can look up the
complete active ingredient name in Appendix C, by the active ingredient code.
Appendix D contains three expanded versions of Table 13 that list all active
ingredients, one ordered by pounds usage of active ingredient, the second ordered
numerically by active ingredient code, and the third ordered alphabetically by active
ingredient name.
Appendix E contains an expanded version of Table 14. which lists all active
ingredients by type of pesticide.
Because of the suppression rule (see footnote 11 in both tables) to exclude unreliable
individual active ingredient estimates, several active ingredients with very large amounts
were not listed individually in these tables. Four active ingredients (MSMA. acrolein.
endothall. and copper sulfate) accounted for 18.0 million pounds (76 percent) of the
13
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estimated 23.6 million pounds included in the "Other RUPs" or "Other GUPs" categories in
these two tables.
The estimated usage for acrolein was 5.1 million pounds. Because this estimate is
based on only 6 observations, it is not considered reliable. Most of this estimate arises from
two respondents that used very large amounts of acrolein to control moss in canals and
laterals for irrigation districts in the west. Acrolein is a restricted use product as well as a
multi-type product and accounted for 95 percent of the usage estimate for the "Other RUPs"
category. We investigated reports for acrolein and confirmed their accuracy.
The estimated usage for the herbicide MSMA was 6.5 million pounds. Although this
estimate is based on 170 observations, its standard error is large. Two respondents
accounted for most of the total usage estimate. One, a for-hire pesticide application
business, used very large amounts to control weeds and grasses in oil fields. The other was
a state district highway department that used MSMA to control weeds and grasses on
highway right-of-ways. As above, we investigated both of these respondents and confirmed
the accuracy of their reports. Furthermore, there were 51 certified applicators associated
with this latter observation; this information was incorporated into the analysis weights.
Another herbicide, endothall, also had a large usage estimate of 1.2 million pounds;
however, this estimate was based on only 14 observations. One respondent, a large, multi-
location, commercial pesticide application business, accounted for most of the estimate. This
respondent specialized in waterway management and used the product to control aquatic
vegetation.
Although the usage estimate for copper sulfate (4.2 million pounds) was based on 49
observations, this estimate had a large standard error. The respondent who dominated the
usage estimate for copper sulfate used very large amounts of this pesticide to control algae in
waterways. Copper sulfate is a general use, multi-type product used as both an algicide and
a fungicide. Copper sulfate accounted for 99 percent of the usage estimate for the "Other
GUPs" category under multi-type products in Table 14.
Together. MSMA and endothall accounted for 88 percent of the estimate for the
"Other GUPs" category under herbicides in Table 14. MSMA, acrolein, and copper sulfate
accounted for 68 percent of the estimate for the "Other GUPs" category' in Table 13.
14
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Even though the estimates for these specific active ingredients are not sufficiently
reliable to report separately, it is appropriate and necessary to include their estimates in the
total usage estimate. The large uncertainty associated with these active ingredients arises
from sampling errors. The four products have one major characteristic in common: they are
used only by a relatively small fraction of the population, ranging from less than 1 percent
for acrolein to only about 7 percent for MSMA. Three of these products are special purpose
products, and some users apply very large quantities. Consequently, the standard errors of
their estimates are large and reflect the tremendous variation in their use in the population —
most do not use products containing these active ingredients and a very few use very large
amounts. In general, sample surveys do not provide precise estimates for rare or unusual
characteristics.
Excluding these usage estimates from the totals would underestimate those totals.
Most likely, other active ingredients have similar usage patterns — however, none of the few
"high users" happened to be included in the survey. Active ingredients that are
underestimated by chance are not noticed and do not appear to be problematic.
Consequently, we expect that for every estimate that is "too big," there are estimates that are
"too small," and. on the average, these biases cancel out.
We resume our discussion of the tables. The four products discussed above are
included on most of the remaining tables.
Table 15 lists active ingredients contained in restricted use products applied in the
U.S. during 1993. These active ingredients are ordered from highest to lowest in estimated
usage. Only that portion of 2-4-D and picloram usage from restricted use products appears
in Table 15. The portion of these two pesticides' usage from general use products is
reported in Tables 13 and 14. Ninety-five percent of the usage in the "Other RUPs"
category' was the active ingredient acrolein, discussed above. Appendix F contains an
expanded version of Table 15.
Table 16 provides estimates of total pesticide usage in the U.S. during 1993 by
pesticide type and C/CPAS region. There was large variability in usage among the four
C/CPAS regions. The relative amount of restricted usage product was similar for the four
regions except for the West. The West estimate must be interpreted cautiously because it
includes acrolein as discussed above. Another factor that affected the distribution among the
15
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regions is that the regions vary substantially in their population. The differences in pesticide
usage among the four regions were reduced when we examined usage on a per capita basis:
the South region remained highest in per capita usage, but the Northeast region was the
lowest, likely because of its climate and population density. Per capita usage in the West
region was very close to that of the U.S. overall, while per capita usage in the Central
region, which is the most sparsely populated region, was between that of the Northeast and
West regions. Table 17 is organized similar to Table 16, but provides usage estimates by
active ingredient.
4.2 Indoor Versus Outdoor Pesticide Usage
Tables 18 through 21 present estimates of pesticide usage in the U.S. during 1993 by
site category and indoor versus outdoor use. in increasing level of detail. Table 18 provides
estimates by the C/CPAS site categories. Within each site category, we present usage
estimates by indoor or outdoor location in addition to the total.
The two accompanying exhibits illustrate key characteristics of the estimates given in
Table 18. The first exhibit illustrates the difference in pesticide usage among the six site
categories. (Note that in the exhibit we prorated the pesticide usage for the "commercial
indeterminate" category in Table 18.) The commercial indeterminate category was included
in anticipation that some respondents would not be able to allocate their commercial
applications to one or the other of the two more'specific commercial categories.) Residential
applications represented the largest fraction of both indoor and outdoor usage. The second
largest outdoor usage estimate was for the other category, which includes highway right-of-
ways, wide-area application for mosquito control, and general weed control in oil fields.
The second exhibit illustrates that most pesticides (that is, 86 percent) were applied
outdoors. The relative amounts of indoor versus outdoor usage differed substantially among
the site categories as illustrated in the third exhibit. The commercial
wholesale/manufacturing category has the highest percent of indoor pesticide usage (70
percent) while the sanitation/utility category has the highest percent of outdoor pesticide
usage (99.9 percent).
The usage estimates in Table 19 are a partition by pesticide type of those in Table 18.
The estimated 286.000 pounds of indoor usage of herbicides warrant some comments. Most
16
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of this estimate, 95 percent, is for one active ingredient, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate.
The respondents, however, reported various types of target pests: most reported insects; a
few, plant disease/organisms such as funguses; and one. wood—destroying pests. Most
likely this active ingredient protects wood in structures from various wood destroying pests.
Other indoor uses of herbicides may be legitimate, while others may be due to reporting or
coding errors.
Table 21 presents estimates of indoor and outdoor pesticide usage in the U.S. during
1993 by site category and restricted versus general use products. Table 21 supplements
Table 20 by presenting estimates for specific active ingredients organized by the type of
target pest. Sixty-one percent of the pesticides applied at commercial
wholesale/manufacturing sites are restricted use products. On the other hand, only 2 percent
of pesticides applied at recreational sites are restricted use products.
4.3 Pesticide Usage by Principal Target Pest
Tables 22 through 29 examine pesticide usage, both indoors and outdoors, by
principal target pest. We encouraged the respondents to provide only one "principal" target
pest realizing that many products can be used to control, often simultaneously, many
different pests. The data collection protocol introduced some illogical association between
the pesticide type and the type of pest. When a product contains two active ingredients and
they are different pesticide types, and only one pest is reported, an inconsistency can result
between pesticide type and pest type. For example, some products contain both 2-4-D, an
herbicide, and chlorpyrifos. an insecticide. Some users of this product considered the insect
as the primary target pest, resulting 2-4-D being reported to treat an insect. Other users
considered weeds to be the principal target pest, resulting in chlorpyrifos being reported to
treat weeds. The pesticide usage estimates associated with such inconsistencies are relatively
small, and the resulting inconsistencies are only apparent in the active ingredient level tables.
Tables 22 through 25 examine indoor pesticide usage by principal indoor pest. Table
26 through 29 follow an identical pattern focusing, however, on outdoor usage and outdoor
pests.
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Table 22 presents estimates of total indoor pesticide usage in the U.S. during 1993 by
type of pests. Table 23 provides details about the Table 22 results and shows estimates of
restricted versus general use product usage for the major indoor pests reported in the
C/CPAS. Over 90 percent of indoor applications are for the control of insects and other
invertebrate pests. Furthermore, termites control is the most common activity, representing
46 percent of indoor usage. Cockroaches are second major pest, accounting for 27 percent
of the total indoor applications.
Tables 24 and 25 provide more detail on indoor pesticide usage in the U.S. during
1993. Table 24 presents estimates of indoor pesticide usage by site category and principal
indoor target pest organized by type of pest. Table 25 supplements Table 24 by listing the
specific active ingredients used to control the major indoor pests.
The remaining tables focus on the analysis of outdoor pesticide usage and principal
outdoor pests. Table 26 presents estimates of outdoor pesticide usage in the U.S. during
1993 by type of pest. Plants and weeds are by far the most commonly treated outdoor pest,
representing 55 percent of the outdoor usage. Insects and other invertebrates are the second
most common, representing 30 percent of outdoor usage. Vertebrates are the least common,
representing only 1 percent of outdoor usage.
Table 27 provides details about the Table 26 results and shows estimates of restricted
and general use product usage by major outdoor pests within each pest type. Forty-one
percent of the total outdoor usage is to control broadleaf weeds. Other major outdoor pests
in terms of total outdoor pesticide usage are insects and other invertebrates (30 percent),
mosquitoes (10 percent), and termites (9 percent). The diversity of outdoor pests relative to
indoor pests is illustrated by the fact that 22 percent of the outdoor usage is used to control
other pests, while only 8 percent of the indoor usage is used to control other pests.
Tables 28 and 29 provide more detail on outdoor pesticide usage. Table 28 presents
estimates of outdoor pesticide usage by site category and principal outdoor target pest
organized by type of pest. Table 29 supplements Table 28 by listing the specific active
ingredients used to control the major outdoor pests.
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Page 1 of 1
Table 1. Number of Certified Pesticide Applicators1
and Number of Certified Pesticide Applicators
per Million 1993 U.S. Residential Population2
by For-hire Status and C/CPAS Region:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories3
For-hire Status Number of Number of
and C/CPAS Region Observations Applicators
Total Certified
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
For-hire, Certified
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
Not-for-hire, Certified
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
3,645
1,553
1.010
517
565
2.000
842
548
270
340
1.645
711
462
247
225
165,47s4
73,497
48.014
16,161
27,805
69,802
28,776
26.034
5.833
9,159
95,676
44,721
21,981
10.328
18.647
Number of
1993 US Applicators
Standard Population Per Million
Error (000,000) Persons
8.357
4,966
4.561
1.983
4.523
4,641
3.012
3,136
651
1.485
7.330
3.967
2.357
1,955
5,349
256.14
113.44
76.50
20.27
45.92
256.14
113.44
76.50
20.27
45.92
256.14
113.44
76.50
20.27
45.92
646
648
628
797
605
273
254
340
288
199
374
394
287
509
406
'Source questions: Q20. Q24 and Q25 (see Appendix A).
-T.S. Bureau of the Census Press Release # CB93-29. 29 December 1993.
'Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
'Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
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Distribution of Non-agricultural Certified Pesticide
Applicators, U.S. 1993, by For-hire Status and
C/CPAS Region: 1993 C/CPAS
200
U.S. Northeast South Central West
Total Certified LJ For-hire, Cert. LJ Not-for-hire, Cert
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Distribution of Non-agricultural Certified Pesticide
Applicators per Million 1993 U.S. Residential Population
by For-hire Status and C/CPAS Region: 1993 C/CPAS
1,000
800
600
400
2OO
0
U.S. Northeast South Central West
Total Certified For-hire, Cert. Not-for-hire, Cert
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Page 1 of 2
Table 2. Number of Certified Pesticide
Applicators1 by For-hire Status and Pest Control
Certification Category:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
For-hire Status and Pest Control Number of Number of
Certification Category Observations Applicators
Tola] Certified
Total
Turf and Ornamental only
Right-of-Way only
Aquatic only
Structural only1
Public Health only-
Turf & Ornamental and Right-of-Way
Turf & Ornamental and Aquatic
Turf & Ornamental and Structural
Turf & Ornamental. Right-of-Way, and Structural
Other Combinations
Unknown
For-hire, Certified
Total
Turf and Ornamental only
Right-of-W'ay only
Aquatic only
Structural only
Public Health only
Turf &. Ornamental and Right-of-Way
Turf & Ornamental and Aquatic
Turf &. Ornamental and Structural
Turf & Ornamental. Right-of-Way. and Structural
Other Combinations
Unknown
3.645
1.039
312
162
760
163
209
102
170
87
397
244
2.000
582
46
28
556
14
127
31
137
61
195
223
165.478;
58.794
17.203
4.700
37.108
7.084
8.058
3.129
9.255
2.745
9.802
7.600
69.802
19.301
3.954
529
21.946
161
3.827
611
7.104
1.320
4.510
6.539
Standard
Error
8.357
4,816
2.173
1.043
2.454
1.856
1.506
685
1,001
468
983
1.339
4,641
2.109
1,383
264
2.208
31
1.338
237
867
232
781
891
;Source questions: Q20, Q24 and Q25 (see Appendix A) and state list certification information.
"Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-
related, and public health.
"Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
JStructural includes industrial, institutional, structural and health-related.
-------
Page 2 of :
Table 2. Number of Certified Pesticide
Applicators1 by For-hire Status and Pest Control
Certification Category (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
For-hire Status and Pest Control Number of Number of
Certification Category Observations Applicators
Not-for-hire, Certified
Total
Turf and Ornamental only
Right-of-Way only
Aquatic only
Structural only
Public Health only
Turf & Ornamental and Right-of-Way
Turf
-------
Relative Number of Non-agricultural Certified Pesticide
Applicators, U.S. 1993, by For-hire Status and Pest
Control Certification Category: 1993 C/CPAS
• ;**"vt-- -**-w'." ^^- • •»••—.•»•' • -. :
,--.;.,. •.*,-.:.~. _^,'.-~--f: :. •••-* -.
i-:'H*.".->Nl-*"3?'"'-\*?-'' • •
24
-------
Pase 1 of !
Table 3. Number of Non-agricultural Certifications1 from 1993 C/CPAS and
1992/1993 EPA State Reports by Pest Control Certification Category:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Pest Control
Certification
Category4
Total
Turf and Ornamental
Right-of-way
Aquatic
Structural'
Public Health
Unknown8
1993
C/CPAS
208,59256
87,471
34,228
12,351
55,186
11,757
7,600
Standard
Error
10,385
5,912
2,758
1,499
2,999
1,936
1,339
State Reports3
1992 1993
259,634
106.991
39,276
10,202
89,865
13,300
NA9
320,152
123,365
45,816
14,563
123,680
12,728
NA9
'Source questions: Q20. Q24 and Q25 (see Appendix A) and state list certification information.
:Inciudes turf and ornamental; right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related;
and public health.
3Source of state reports is EPA 5700-33H forms.
The estimated number of certifications in any one pest control category is the number of applicators
certified in that category.
5This is the estimated number of certifications which is greater than the estimated number of certified
applicators reported in Table 1 because some applicators are certified in more than one category.
Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
^Structural includes industrial, institutional, structural and health-related.
"The unknowns are from businesses with unknown pest control certification categories, and we assumed
one certification per person.
vNot applicable.
25
-------
Page 1 of I
Table 4. Number of Non-agricultural Certifications and
Number of Certifications per Certified Applicator1
by For-hire Status and Pest Control Certification Category:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
For-hire Status and Number of Number of
Pest Control Number of Certifications Number of Certifications Standard
Certification Status Observations Held Applicators per Applicator Error
Total Certified3
For-hire, Certified3
Not-for-hire, Certified3
Total
Turf and Ornamental
Right-of-Way
Aquatic
Structural5
Public Health
Unknown
For-hire
Turf and Ornamental
Right-of-Way
Aquatic
Structural
Public Health
Unknown
Not-for-hire
Turf and Ornamental
Right-of-way
Aquatic
Structural
Public Health
Unknown
3.645
2,000
1,645
1.837
874
482
1.263
353
244
1.053
347
144
901
113
223
784
527
338
362
240
21
208.592
91.960
116.632
125.842-1
59.645
25.102
81.350
20,287
7.600
55.374
22.057
5.971
49.902
7.229
6.539
70.468
37.588
19.131
31,449
13,058
1.061
165,478
69.802
95.676
87.471-
34.228
12.351
55.186
11,757
7,600
35.029
11.355
2.455
33.927
2,655
6,539
52.442
22.873
9.896
21,259
9.102
1.061
1.26
1.32
| IT
1.444
1.74
2.03
1.47
1.73
1.00
1.58
1.94
2.43
1.47
2.72
1.00
1.34
1.64
1.93
1.48
1.43
1.00
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.06
0.10
0.04
0.14
_<;
0.05
0.12
0.18
0.04
0.12
6
0.03
0.06
0.11
0.06
0.10
_6
'Source questions: Q20. Q24 and Q25 (see Appendix A) and state list certification information.
includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way: aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
:>Sum of certifications held and applicators over the pest control certification categories does not equal the total because of
multiple counting across these categories. See footnote 4 for additional information.
'There are 87,471 applicators that are certified in turf and ornamental pest control. Some of these applicators are certified in
other pest control categories. Consequently, the 87.471 applicators hold a total of 125.842 certifications. The average number
of certifications per applicator certified in turf and ornamental is 1.44.
'Structural includes industrial, institutional, structural and health-related.
assumed one certification per person.
26
-------
Number of Non-agricultural Certifications, U.S. 1992 and 1993,
by Pest Control Certification Category and Source: 1993 C/CPAS
350
300
250!
•2200
ro
C/D
150
100
I C/CPAS D State Report, 1992 D State Report, 1993
1 The number of non-agricultural certifications estimated from the U.S. 1992 state
reports falls within +/- 2 standard errors of the 1993 C/CPAS estimate.
2 The number of non-agricultural certifications estimated from either the 1992 or
1993 state reports fails within +/- 2 standard errors of the 1993 C/CPAS estimate.
27
-------
Average Number of Certifications per Certified Applicator
U.S. 1993, by For-hire Status and Pest Control
Certification Category: 1993 C/CPAS
3.0,
2.5
2.0
1.5!
Total Certified UFor-Hire, Cert. LJ Not-for-hire, Cert
28
-------
Pace 1 of 1
Table 5. Number of For-hire Pesticide Applicators1 and
Number of For-hire Pesticide Applicators per Million
1993 U.S. Residential Population2
by Certification Status and C/CPAS Region:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories3
1993 US
Certification Status and Number of Number of Standard Population
C/CPAS Region Observations Applicators Error (000,000)
Total For-hire
Total
Northeast
South
Central
\Vesi
For-hire, Certified
Total
Northeast
South
Centra]
West
For-hire, Not Certified
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
2.000-
842
548
270
340
2.000J
842
548
270
340
366*
124
145
42
55
99.3305
34,626
43.440
9.195
12,069
69.802
28.776
26.034
5,833
9.159
29.528
5.850
17.407
3,361
2.910
7.578
3.444
5.945
2.300
2.219
4,641
3.012
3.136
651
1.485
4.988
816
4,409
1.869
1.131
'Source questions: Q1S and Q20 isee Appendix A).
:U.S Bureau of the Census Press Release * CB93-29. 29 December 199?
•'Include:- turf and ornamental; right-of-way : aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and
"The number of observations contributing to the estimates for tor-hire, certified applicators
256.14
113.44
76.50
20.27
45.92
256.14
113.44
76.50
20.27
45.92
256.14
113.44
76.50
20.27
45.92
health-related
is the same as
Number of
Applicators
Per Million
Persons
388
305
568
454
263
273
254
340
288
199
115
52
228
166
63
; and public health.
that for all for-hire
applicators because for-hire businesses must employ at least one certified applicator.
Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
"Includes only businesses that employ at least one not certified applicator.
29
-------
Distribution of Non-agricultural For-hire Pesticide
Applicators, U.S. 1993, by Certification Status and
C/CPAS Region: 1993 C/CPAS
120
100
CO
Z3
O
U.S. Northeast South Central West
Total For-hire L_ For-hire, Cert. LJ For-hire, Not Cert
30
-------
Distribution of Non-agricultural For-hire Pesticide Applicators
per Million 1993 U.S. Residential Population by Certification
Status and C/CPAS Region: 1993 C/CPAS
600
500
400
300
200
100:
U.S. Northeast South Central West
Total For-hire i For-hire, Cert. For-hire, Not Cert.
31
-------
Page I of:
Table 6. Number of For-hire Pesticide Applicators1
by Certification Status and Employer's Pest Control
Certification Category:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Certification Status and
Pest Control Certification
Category
Number of Number of Standard
Observations Applicators Error
Total For-hire
Total
Turf and Ornamental only
Right-of-Way only
Aquatic only
Structural only5
Public Health only
Turf & Ornamental and Right-of-Way
Turf & Ornamental and Aquatic
Turf & Ornamental and Structural
Turf & Ornamental, Right-of-Way, and Structural
Other Combinations
Unknown
For-hire, Certified
Total
Turf and Ornamental only
Right-of-Way only
Aquatic only
Structural only
Public Health only
Turf & Ornamental and Right-of-Way
Turf & Ornamental and Aquatic
Turf & Ornamental and Structural
Turf & Ornamental, Right-of-Way, and Structural
Other Combinations
Unknown
2.0003
582
46
28
556
14
127
31
137
61
195
223
2,0003
582
46
28
556
14
127
31
137
61
195
223
99.3304
24,735
8,728
790
27.097
258
4,267
691
16,235
1,701
5,594
9.234
69,802
19,301
3,954
529
21.946
161
3.827
611
7.104
1,320
4.510
6.539
7.578
2,702
3.007
456
2.845
32
1.373
246
4,119
326
909
1.489
4.641
2,109
1,383
264
2.208
31
1.338
237
867
232
781
891
'Source questions: Q1S and Q20 (see Appendix Ai and state list certification information.
'Includes turf and ornamental; right-of-way: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
The number of observations contributing to the estimates for for-hire. certified applicators is the same as that for all for-hire
applicators because for-hire businesses must employ at least one certified applicator.
''Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding
^Structural includes industrial, institutional, structural and health-related.
"Includes only businesses that employ at least one not certified applicator.
32
-------
Page 2 of 2
Table 6. Number of For-hire Pesticide Applicators1
by Certification Status and Employer's Pest Control
Certification Category (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercia]
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Certification Status and
Pest Control Certification Number of Number of
Category Observations Applicators
For-hire, Not Certified
Total
Turf and Ornamental only
Right-of-Way only
Aquatic only
Structural only
Public Health only
Turf &. Ornamental and Right-of-Way
Turf &. Ornamental and Aquatic
Turf & Ornamental and Structural
Turf & Ornamental, Right-of-Way, and Structural
Other Combinations
Unknown
366*
91
13
4
85
3
23
4
38
13
39
53
29.528
5,434
4.775
261
5,151
98
440
80
9,131
381
1,084
2.695
Standard
Error
4,988
1,235
2,329
195
1,123
5
130
46
4.052
125
262
758
Source questions: Q18 and Q20 (see Appendix A> and state list certification information.
•Includes tun and ornamental: right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
The number of observations contributing to the estimates for for-hire, certified applicators is the same as that for all tor-hire
applicators because for-hire businesses must employ at least one certified applicator.
"Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
'Structural includes industrial, institutional, structural and health-related.
'Includes only businesses that employ at least one not certified applicator.
33
-------
Relative Number of Non-agricultural For-hire Pesticide
Applicators, U.S. 1993, by Certification Status and Employers'
Pest Control Certification Category: 1993 C/CPAS
Fcr-hire, Net Certified
34
-------
Pase 1 of 2
Table 7. Number of Not-for-hire Certified
Applicators1 by Employer's Type of Business
and C/CPAS Region:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Employer's Type of Business
and C/CPAS Region
Total
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
Golf Course
TotaJ
Northeast
South
Central
West
Nursery
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
Public/Government
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
Utility
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
Number of Number of
Observations Applicators
1.645
711
46:
247
225
189
109
47
17
16
49
19
16
5
9
552
->->->
I3S
106
86
44
19
14
4
95.676J
44.721
21.981
10.328
18.647
11.123
6.309
3.128
549
1.137
3.442
1.245
1,155
154
888
31.723
13.884
6.584
4.483
6.772
2.496
1.211
532
-i-i -i
531
Standard
Error
7.330
3.967
2.357
1.955
5.349
1.000
741
461
180
454
648
304
342
72
453
3.742
2,419
981
977
2.497
665
355
145
131
527
'Source questions: Q5. Q24 and Q25 tsee Appendix A>.
"Includes- turf and ornamental; right-of-way: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and
health-related: and public health
"Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
^Includes applicators with an active certification who did not apply pesticides in 1993.
35
-------
Page 2 of 2
Table 7. Number of Not-for-hire Certified
Applicators1 by Employer's Type of Business
and C/CPAS Region (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Employer's Type of Business Number of Number of
and C/CPAS Region Observations Applicators
Transportation, Industrial, and
Other Commercial
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
Other, Refused or Unknown
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
No Application4
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
71
35
16
11
9
131
71
it
20
18
609
236
209
84
80
4.933
2,787
756
655
734
8.869
4.869
975
1.135
1.890
33.089
14.417
8.849
3.130
6.694
Standard
Error
966
815
293
397
157
1,211
751
395
559
658
3.362
1.357
1.243
887
2.670
'Source questions: Q5. Q24 and Q25 (see Appendix A).
includes rurf and ornamental: right-of-way; aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and
health-related; and public health.
:Totai may differ from the sum of the eniries because of rounding.
Jlnc!udes applicators with an active certification who did not apply pesticides in 1993.
36
-------
Relative Number of Non-agricultural Not-for-hire Certified
Applicators, U.S. 1993, by Their Employers' Business Type:
1993 C/CPAS
Other/Refused/Unk.
9%
Trans, Indus, Com
5%
Golf Course
12%
Utility
3%
Public/Government
33%
1
No Application
35%
Nursery
4%
1 includes applicators with an active certification but who did not apply pesticides in 1993.
37
-------
Page 1 of 1
Table 8. Number of Commercial Pesticide Application
Businesses1 by C/CPAS Region:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
C/CPAS Region
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
Number of Number of Standard
Observations Businesses3 Error
2,000
842
548
270
340
33,0964
13,594
11.553
3,709
4,240
1,328
901
688
450
525
'Source questions: Ql and Q2 (see Appendix A).
includes turf and ornamental; right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural
and health-related; and public health.
'Commercial pesticide application businesses are licensed by states to apply pesticides
on the property of others for a fee.
'Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
38
-------
Relative Number of Non-agricultural Commercial Pesticide
Application Businesses, U.S. 1993, by C/CPAS Region:
1993 C/CPAS
Nortneas:
/
\
39
-------
Page 1 cf 1
Table 9. Number of Commercial Pesticide
Application Businesses1 by Pest Control
Certification Category:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Pest Control Number of
Certification Category3 Observations
Total
Turf and Ornamental only
Right-of-Way only
Aquatic only
Structural only*
Public Health only
Turf & Ornamental and Right-of-Way
Turf & Ornamental and Aquatic
Turf & Ornamental and Structural
Turf & Ornamental, Right-of-Way, and Structural
Other Combinations
Unknown
2.000
582
46
28
556
14
127
31
137
61
195
223
Number of Standard
Businesses4 Error
33.0965
11.225
612
?4'>
10.170
110
1.328
164
3,141
706
1,408
3,989
1.328
810
158
68
579
33
231
35
275
126
161
474
'Source questions: Ql and Q2 (see Appendix A) and state list certification information.
includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, stnictural and health-related: and
public health.
"Commercial pesticide applicator businesses were assigned pest control certification categories in one of two ways.
The first case is straightforward: some states license businesses by category. In other states, we classified the
businesses according to the pest control certification categories of the certified applicators employed by that
business.
^Commercial pesticide application businesses are licensed to apply pesticides on the property of others for a fee.
^Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
"Structural includes industrial, institutional, structural and health-related.
40
-------
Relative Number of Non-agricultural Commercial Pesticide
Application Businesses, U.S. 1993, by Pest Control Certification
Category: 1993 C/CPAS
41
-------
Page ! of 1
Table 10. Pesticide Usage1 by For-hire and
Not-for-hire Certified Applicators and
C/CPAS Region:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Standard
Pounds AI Error
Region (000) (000)
Total
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
For-hire Applicators
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
Not-for-hire, Certified Applicators
Total
Northeast
South
Central
West
69,196?
19.597
32,697
4,325
12,577
39,618
11.875
20,668
3,079
3,996
29,578
7,722
12,029
1.246
8.581
9.062
2.331
7.317
1,074
4.690
5.345
1.768
4.885
952
817
6.803
1.977
4,387
443
4.788
'Source questions Q12. Q14. and Q15 (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts
were convened to pounds of active ingredient using the concentration of the active
ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe
computer in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural
and health-related: and public health.
•"Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
42
-------
Distribution of Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage in Pounds (000),
U.S. 1993, by For-Hire Applicators and Not-for-hire by
C/CPAS Region: 1993 C/CPAS
U.S. Northeast South Central West
Total I For-hire, Appl. Li Not-for-hire, Cert
43
-------
Page 1 of 2
Table 11. Not-for-hire Certified Applicator Pesticide
Usage1 by C/CPAS Region and
Employer's Type of Business:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Region and Employer's
Type of Business
Total
Total
Golf Course
Nursery
Public/Government
Utility
Food. Transportation, Other
Other, Refused, Unknown
Northeast
Total
Golf Course
Nursery
Public/Government
Utility
Food, Transportation, Other
Other. Refused, Unknown
South
Total
Golf Course
Nursery
Public/Government
Utility
Food, Transportation, Other
Other, Refused. Unknown
Standard
Number of Pounds AI Error
Observations (000) (000)
Commercial/Industrial
Commercial/Industrial
Commercial/Industrial
8663
179
38
457
39
59
94
393
105
14
178
16
29
51
226
45
13
124
12
14
18
29.57S4
4,502
240
13.419
3.701
1,867
5.850
7,722
2,582
92
2.603
147
1.148
1,150
12.029
1,614
39
5.300
529
278
4.270
6.803
917
100
4,292
2.978
1,120
3,965
1,977
483
53
1.577
55
1,072
598
4,387
772
27
1,481
349
167
3,908
'Source questions Q5, Q12, Q14. and Q15 isee Appendix A.I. Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of active
ingredient using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe
computer in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
Includes turf and ornamental; right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
'A total of 1.036 (= 1.645 - 609) observations are presented in Table 5 as not-for-hire certified applicators who applied pesticides
in 1993. Pesticide usace estimates in Table 11 are based on 866 not-for-hire certified applicators. Thus. 170 ( = 1.036 - 866)
of these applicators did not supply sufficient information to calculate pounds AI,
*Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of roundme.
44
-------
Table 11. Not-for-hire Certified Applicator Pesticide
Usage1 by C/CPAS Region and
Employer's Type of Business (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Page : of:
Standard
Region and Employer's Number of Pounds AI Error
Type of Business Observations (000) (000)
Central
Total
Golf Course
Nursery
Public/Government
Utility
Food, Transportation, Other Commercial/Industrial
Other, Refused, Unknown
126
15
4
82
4
7
14
1.246
43
13
847
67
216
60
443
13
13
322
64
187
37
West
Total
Golf Course
Nursery
Public/Government
Utility'
Food. Transportation. Other Commercial/Industna]
Other, Refused. Unknown
121
14
7
73
7
9
11
8.581
264
95
4.669
2,958
225
370
4.788
107
79
3,693
2,956
203
297
'Source questions Q5. Q12. Q14. and Q15 (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of active
ingredient using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe
computer in Research Triangle Park, N.C.
"Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way; aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
•'A total of 1.036 t= 1.6-15 - 609) observations are presented in Table 5 as not-for-hire certified applicators who applied pesticides
in 1993. Pesticide usage estimates in Table 11 are based on 866 not-for-hire certified applicators. Thus. 170 ( = 1.036 - 866)
of these applicators did not supply sufficient information to calculate pounds Al.
'Total mav differ from the sum of the entries because of roundine.
45
-------
Relative Number of Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage by
Not-for-hire Certified Applicators, U.S. 1993, by Employer's Type of
Business: 1993 C/CPAS
Other, Refuse, Unk
20%
Food, Trans, Comm/lnd
Public/Gov
45%
Golf Course
15%
Utility
13%
Nursery
1%
-------
Page 1 of ?
Table 12. Pesticide Usage1 by For-Hire Status, Employer's
Type of Business and Pesticide Type:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Standard
Pesticide Pounds AI Error
For-Hire Status Type of Business Type (000) (000)
For-Hire Applicators Commercial Pesticide
Applications Businesses All Types
Herbicide
Insecticide
Fungicide
Fumigant
Other
Multi-Type
Not-for-Hire Certified All Types of Businesses
Applicators that are not Commercial
Pesticide Applications
Businesses All Types
Herbicide
Insecticide
Fungicide
Fumigant
Other
Multi-Type
Golf Course All Types
Herbicide
Insecticide
Fungicide
Fumigant
Other
39.6 185
15.993
15.325
960
3,061
850
3.428
29.578
11.468
7,204
2.240
1,851
255
6.561
4.502
1.097
607
1.988
4
106
5.345
4.150
1.623
557
763
477
2,803
6.803
4,328
1,722
359
1.213
66
3.775
917
197
142
344
-
34
Source questions Ql. Q5. Q12. Ql-1. and Q15 (see Appendix Ai Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of active ingredient using
the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
Park. N.C
•Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional structural and health-related: and public health.
'Totals may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding
"Usaee ereater than zero but less than 500 pounds
" " 47
-------
Page 2 of ?
Table 12. Pesticide Usage1 by For-Hire Status, Employer's
Type of Business and Pesticide Type (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories'
Standard
Pesticide Pounds AI Error
For-Hire Status Type of Business Type (000) (000)
Multi-Type
Not-for-Hire Certified
Applicators Nursery All Types
Herbicide
Insecticide
Fungicide
Other
Multi-Type
Public/Government All Types
Herbicide
Insecticide
Fungicide
Fumigant
Other
Multi-Type
Utility All Types
Herbicide
Insecticide
Fungicide
Other
Multi-Type
703
240
152
75
12
1
-
13.419
4.815
5.475
56
11
66
2.996
3.701
532
342
30
-
2.798
696
100
82
62
6
-
-
4.292
1,659
1.644
20
9
28
2.451
2.978
246
308
30
-
2.775
'Source questions Ql. Q5. Qll Q14. and Q15 (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of active ingredient using
the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
Park. N.C,
:lnclude
-------
Page 3 of ?
Table 12. Pesticide Usage1 by For-Hire Status, Employer's
Type of Business and Pesticide Type (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Standard
Pesticide Pounds AI Error
For-Hire Status Type of Business Type (000) (000)
Not-for-Hire Certified Food.Transportation, Other
Applicators (Continued) Commercial/Industrial All Types
Herbicide
Insecticide
Fungicide
Fumigam
Other
Multi-Type
Other.Refused.Unknown All Types
Herbicide
Insecticide
Fungicide
Fumigant
Other
Multi-Type
1.867
335
154
16
1.301
21
41
5.850
4.537
551
138
539
61
23
1.120
204
108
8
1.086
12
25
3.965
3,902
307
65
539
49
15
;Source questions Ql. Q5. Q12, Q14, and Q15 (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of active ingredient using
the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
Park. N.C.
'Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health
Totals may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding
'Usage greater than zero but less than 500 pounds
49
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61
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Relative Distribution of Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage
in Pounds, U.S. 1993, by Pesticide Type: 1993 C/CPAS
Insecticides
33%
Herbicides
40%
Multi-Types
14%
Fumigants
Fungicides 7%
5%
62
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64
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Distribution of Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage in
Pounds (000), U.S. 1993, by Restricted Versus General Use Products
and C/CPAS Region: 1993 C/CPAS
U.S.
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17.3
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Thousand Lbs. A.I.
RUP UGUP
65
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Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage in Pounds per Capita
1993 U.S. Residential Population by C/CPAS Region: 1993 C/CPAS
0.43
U.S. Northeast South Central West
66
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Page 1 of !
Table 18. Pesticide Usage1 by Site
Category and Indoors Versus Outdoors:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Site Category
All Sites
Residential
Recreational
Sanitation/Utilities
Commercial Office/Retail
Commercial Wholesale/Manufacturing
Commercial Indeterrninanr
Other
Indoors or
Outdoors
Total :'
Indoors
Outdoors
Total
Indoors
Outdoors
Total
Indoors
Outdoors
Total
Indoors
Outdoors
Total
Indoors
Outdoors
Total
Indoors
Outdoors
Total
Indoors
Outdoors
Total
Indoors
Outdoors
Pounds AI Standard
Usage Error Number of
(000) (000) Observations
69.1884
10.025
59.164
24,145
5.178
18.967
10.649
219
10.430
5.449
7
5.442
10.099
1.978
8.121
2.895
2.034
861
284
42
243
15.667
567
15.100
9.052
1.470
8.970
2.890
604
2.698
3.559
204
3.523
1.251
5
1.251
3.844
621
3,778
1.136
1.092
210
74
18
66
6,111
539
6.088
38,996
15.424
23.572
17,360
7.717
9,643
4,200
169
4.031
1,097
102
995
11.955
5,698
6.257
2,293
1.133
1.160
689
262
427
1,402
343
1,059
Source questions Ql 2. Ql 4 Q15. Q17a, Q17b. Q17c. and Q17d isee Appendix As. Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of active
ingredient using the concenration of the acuve ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research
Triangle Park. N.C.
includes turf and ornamental; right-of-way: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health
Totals may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding
The total usage in this tabU' is S thousand pounds less than the totals in Tables 10. Lv !-. 16. and 17 because some respondents were not able
to allocate their usage to indoor versus outdoor.
;Some respondents were noi able to allocate their commercial applications to the two more specific categories.
'A large fraction of this other site category is for the treatment of aquatic weeds in irrigation ditches or canals, general weed control around oil
wells and on right-of- was;;, and for broad area mosquito control.
73
-------
Distribution of Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage in
Pounds (000), U.S. 1993, by Site Category and Indoor/Outdoor
Location: 1993 C/CPAS
10.0
Total
Residential
Recreational
Sanitation/Utility
Comm Office/Retail
Comm Whole/Mnft.
19.0
0.2
10.4
0.01
5.4
Other
15.1
59.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Indoor i I Outdoor
1 "Commercial indeterminant" was prorated over the "commercial office/retail"
and the "commercial wholesale/manufacturing" site categories.
-------
Distribution of Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage in
Pounds (000), U.S. 1993, by Indoor/Outdoor Location: 1993 C/CPAS
Outdoor
86%
Indoor
14%
75
-------
Page 1 of 3
Table 19. Indoors and Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Pesticide Type, and Site Category:
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Pesticide
T>pe
All Types
Herbicide
Insecticide
Sit* Category
All Sites'
Residential
Recreational
Sanitation/Utilities
Commercial Office/Retail
Commercial Wholesale/Nlanufactunng
Commercial Indeterrrunanf
Other
All Sites
Residential
Recreational
Sanitation/Utilities
Commercial Office/Retail
Commercial Wholesale/Manufacturing
Commercial Indetenrunanr
Other-
All Sites
Residential
Recreational
Sanitation/Utilities
Commercial Office/Retail
Commercial Wholesale/Manufacturing
Commercial Indetermmant
Other"
Total
Pounds AI
(000)
69.188"
24.145
10.649
5.-U9
10.099
:.895
284
15.667
2"',55S
6.738
2.124
4.459
4.065
501
120
9.552
22.339
15.182
1.563
46?
2.247
493
127
2.260
Standard
Error
(OOOi
9.052
2.890
1 ^0
1.251
3,844
1.136
74
6.111
6.228
1.790
351
1.152
1.624
151
33
5.292
1,929
1.838
456
298
289
180
56
1.059
Indoor
Pounds At
(000)
10.025
5.178
219
1.978
2.034
42
567
286
256
0
-'
16
t
3
Q
4.952
3.742
-
7
945
206
32
i:
Standard
Error
(000)
1.470
604
204
s
621
1.092
IS
539
94
88
0
-•
7
^
•>
5
566
41!
4
5
195
91
15
6
Outdoor
Pounds Al
(000)
59.164
18.967
10.430
5.442
S.121
861
243
15.100
27.27^
6.482
2.124
4.458
4.049
499
117
9.543
17.387
11.439
1.556
460
1.302
287
94
2.248
Standard
Error
(000)
S.970
2.69S
"? ^"*^
1.251
3.~78
210
66
6,088
6.230
1.793
351
1.152
1.624
151
33
5.292
1.821
1.809
456
298
185
127
50
1.060
'Source questions Q12. Q14, Q15. QPa. Q17b. Q17c. and Q17d iSee Appendix A) Reported produa amount were converted to pounds of active
ingredient using the concentration of the acme ingredient given in EPA's Produce Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research
Triangle Park. N.C.
:Includes turf and ornamental; right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
Total ma> differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding
"The total usage in this table is S thousand pounds less than the totals in Tables 10. 13. 14. 16. and P because some respondents were not able to
allocate their usage to indoor \ersus outdoor
-"Some respondents uerc not able to allocate their commercial usage to the two or more specific categories.
"Most of this estimate is for general weed control around oi! wells or on right-of-ways
Most of this estimate is for broad area mosquito control
'L'saee amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0 05.
-------
Table 19. Indoors and Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Pesticide Type, and Site Category (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Page 2 of*
Pestn-idc
Type
Fungicide
Fumi ;ant
Other
Multi-Type
Site Category
. All Sites
Residential
Recreational
Santtation/Vtilmes
Commercial Office/Retail
Commercial V. holcsale'Manufactunnc
Commercial Jndeterminajit
Other
All Sues
Residential
Recreational
Sanitation/Utilities
Commercial Office/Retail
Commercia! Wholesale/Manufacturing
Commercial Indeterminant
Oiher
All Site-;
Residential
Recreational
Sanitation/Utilities
Commercial Office/Retail
Commercia! \\'holesale/Manufacwnnj
Commercial Indeterminant
Other
All Sites
Residential
Total
Founds Al
(000)
3.27S
302
:.78:
33
75
36
1
50
4.913
1.281
45
63
1.001
t."72
3
74^
1.112
so
639
183
64
45
33
68
9.988
562
Standard
Error
(000)
526
52
514
30
-»<
30
43
1.447
408
34
36
598
1.094
•^
576
469
35
46"
76
28
14
23
50
5.118
296
Indoor
Pounds Al
(000)
!3S
7
115
15
1
4.392
1.122
•5
0
973
1,~4S
3
543
158
19
94
-
20
•^•^
T
1
99
32
Standard
Error
(0001
112
4
111
15
1
1.373
33S
•%
0
597
1.079
-t
539
95
5
94
-
4
12
1
-
23
7
Outdoor
Pounds Al
(000)
3.14C
296
2.66"
•*;
"?4
20
1
4S
521
159
42
63
2S
25
-
203
954
61
545
IS?
44
23
31
6"
9.SS9
530
Standard
Error
(000)
44IS
52
433
30
25
15
43
24?
89
3;
36
13
r
-
203
379
34
374
76
2S
6
23
50
5.112
296
Source questions Q12, Q14. Q15. Q17a. Q17b. Q17c, and Q17d iSee Appendix A). Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of active
ngredieni using the concentration ^f the active ingredient given in EP.Vs Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research
Triangle Park. N.C.
:iicludes turf and ornamental. righi-of-wa>: aquatic, industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
'Total ma> differ from the sum of the entries because of roundine
"The toiaJ usage in this table i< S thousand pounds less than the totals in Tables ID. 13. 14. 16, and 1" because some respondents v.ere not able k'
allocate their usage to indoo" versus outdoor.
^Sorne respondents were not able to allocate their commercial usage to the two or more specific categories
'Most of this estimate i> for general weed control around oil well* or on right-of-ways.
Most of this estimate is for broad area mosquito control.
'L sage amounts or standard rows greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater chart zero but less than 0.05
77
-------
Table 19. Indoors and Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Pesticide Type, and Site Category (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Page 3 of ?
Pesticide
Type
Multi-Type
(Continued)
Site Category
Recreational
Sanitation 'Utilities
Commercial Office/Retail
Commercial Wholesale/Manufacturing
Commercial indeterminant
Other
Total
Standard
Pounds AI Error
(000) (000)
3.496
243
2.648
48
1
2.991
2.976
179
2.433
26
-
2.758
Indoor
Standard
Pounds AI Error
(000) (000>
.
24 4
41 21
1
1
Outdoor
Pounds AI
(000!
3.496
243
2.624
b
-
2.990
Standard
Error
(000)
2.976
170
2.433
•^
-
2."5S
'Source questions Q12.Q14. Q15. Ql7a. Q!7b. Ql7c. andQ17d (See Appendix A) Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of active
ingredient using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research
Triangle Park. N.C
•includes turf and ornamental; right-of-way: aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health
'Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding
'The total usage in this table is S thousand pounds less than the totals in Tables 10. 13. 14. 16. and \? because some respondents were not able to
allocate their usage to indoor versus outdoor
'Some respondents were not able to allocate their commercial usage to the two or more specific categories.
"Most of this estimate is for general weed control around oil wells or on right-of-ways
Most of this estimate is for broad area mosquito control
"Usage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
78
-------
- ir v:
•o «- — y
c & *5 Cu
i— DC £
i d
•S k
s
1_ £
•S e
C; £ o ae CN sc r-. C VT", — r*".
f. — r-J TT sc r~ w.
v. sc TJ- r-. ,£
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x x. cr tN w. u".
3C 3C 3C TT 3C U-.
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79
-------
Distribution of Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage in
Pounds (000), U.S. 1993, by Site Category and Restricted Versus
General Use Product: 1993 C/CPAS
Total
11.0
1.5
Residential
22.6
Recreational
Sanitation/Utility
Comm Office/Retail
0.2
10.4
0.9
4.5
3.5
6.8
I 1.8
Comm Whole/Mnft.
1.1
Other
12.7
58.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
RUP UGUP
1 "Commercial indeterminant" was prorated over the "commercial office/retail"
and the "commercial wholesale/manufacturing" site categories.
80
-------
Distribution of Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage in
Pounds (000), U.S. 1993, by Site Category and Indoor/Outdoor
Location: 1993 C/CPAS
Indoor
21%
Outdoor
79%
Residential
Indoor
2%
Outdoor
98%
Recreational
Indoor
0.1%
Outdoor
99.9%
Sanitation/Utility
Indoor
19%
Indoor
70%
Outdoor Outdoor
81% 30%
Comm Office/Retail 1 Comm Whole/Mnft
Indoor
4%
Outdoor
96%
Other
1 "Commercial indeterminant" was prorated over the "commercial office/retail"
and the "commercial wholesale/manufacturing" site categories.
81
-------
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a-|! i
1. Indoors and Outdoors Pesticide
; of Pest and Active Timrfdirnt (f '«
O ~ •*>
Results for Five Non-agricultural Ce
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
•Sf 2
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95
-------
Page 1 of 1
Table 22. Indoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest:
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Type of Pest
All Types3
Insects & Other Invertebrates
Plants/Weeds
Plant Disease/Organisms
Vertebrates
Aquatic Pests
Micro-Organisms
Other Wood Destroying Pests
Not Classified/Missing/Other
Pounds AI
(000)
10,025
9,149
10
67
120
548
88
7
37
Standard
Error
(000)
1,470
1,367
6
40
111
539
87
7
13
'Source questions Q12, Q14, Q15, Q17c and Q17e (see Appendix A).
Reponed product amounts were converted to pounds of active ingredient
using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product
Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
^Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way: aquatic; industrial,
institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
'Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
96
-------
Page 1 of 4
Table 23. Indoors Pesticide Usage1
by Type of Pest, Principal Indoor Pest and
Restricted Versus General Use:
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Restricted or
Type of Pest Principal Indoor Pest3 General Use
All Types All Indoor Pests Total4
Restricted Use
General Use
Insects & Other Invertebrates All Insects &. Other Invertebrates Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Termites Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Cockroaches Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Ants - Not Fire or Carpenter Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Stored Product Pests Total
Restricted Use
Genera! Use
Ants - Carpenter Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Fleas Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Pounds AI
(000)
10.025
3.95:
6,0?:
9.149
3.94?
5.206
4.176
1.906
2.270
2.4SO
1.086
1.394
566
1
565
449
440
9
275
4
271
261
47
214
Standard
Error
(000)
1.470
1.265
807
1.367
1,265
602
899
622
628
1.091
1,050
269
339
_•
339
279
27S
4
153
•!
153
5^
10
58
Percent
of Total
100.0
39.4
60.6
100.0
43.1
56.9
100.0
45.6
54.4
100.0
43.8
56.2
100.0
0.1
99.9
100.0
97.9
2.1
100.0
1.5
98.5
100.0
18.9
82. 0
Source questions Q12, Q14, Q15. Qi7c and Q17e (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of active
ngredient using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer
n Research Triangle Park. N.C.
;.ncludes turf and ornamental; right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
"includes pests with at least 500 pounds total AIs and at least 10 observations.
"Totals may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
• _'sage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05
97
-------
Pase 2 of 4
Table 23. Indoors Pesticide Usage1
by Type of Pest, Principal Indoor Pest and
Restricted Versus General Use (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural2 Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories
Restricted or
Type of Pest Principal Indoor Pest1 General Use
Insects &; Other Invertebrates
(Continued) Spiders Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Beetles Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Caterpillars/Moths Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Flies/Gnats/Midges Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Misc Household Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Misc Ornamental Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Misc Lawn/Garden Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Standard
Pounds AI Error
(000) (000)
23?
-
237
172
148
24
142
141
**
98
98
91
66
25
65
3
62
!9
0
19
^T>
-ni
128
127
13
100
100
I
65
-
65
67
66
14
33
3
33
16
0
16
Percent
of Total
100.0
-
100.0
100.0
85.9
14.1
100.0
98.7
1.3
100.0
-
100.0
100.0
72.3
-,-, -.
100.0
4.6
95.4
100.0
0.0
100.0
'Source questions Q12, Q14. Q!5, Ql7c and Q17e (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of active
ingredient using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer
in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
^Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way, aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
'includes pests with at least 500 pounds total Als and at least 10 observations.
''Totals may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
-Usage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
98
-------
Page 3 of 4
Table 23. Indoors Pesticide Usage1
by Type of Pest, Principal Indoor Pest and
Restricted Versus General Use (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural" Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories
Restricted or
Type of Pest Principal Indoor Pest3 General Use
Insects &. Other Invertebrates
(Continued) Other Indoor Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Plants/Weeds All Plants/Weeds Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Broadleaf Weeds Total
Restricted Use
General L'se
Plant Disease/Organisms All Plant Disease/Organisms Tola)
Restricted Use
General Use
Fungus Tola!
Restricted Use
General Use
Blights Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Misc Plant Diseases Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Standard
Pounds AI Error
(000> (000)
112
100
13
10
-
10
8
S
67
67
45
0
45
15
0
15
6
6
73
73
4
6
-
6
6
-
6
40
-
40
?7
0
37
15
0
15
4
-
Percent
of Total
100.0
88.8
11.2
100.0
1.2
9&S
100.0
14
98.6
100C
0.1
99.9
100.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
1000
1000
1.5
985
'Source questions Q12. Q14. Q15. Q17c and Ql"e (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of active
ingredient using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer
in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
"Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way: aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
'Includes pests with at least 500 pounds total Ais and at least 10 observations.
'Totals may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
'Usage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
99
-------
Page 4 of 4
Table 23. Indoors Pesticide Usage1
by Type of Pest, Principal Indoor Pest and
Restricted Versus General Use (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural2 Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories
Restricted or
Typ« of Pest Principal Indoor Pest5 General Use
Vertebrates All Vertebrates Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Mice/Rats Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Other Indoor Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Aquatic Pests All Aquatic Pests Total
Restricted Use
Genera) Use
Micro-Organisms All Micro-Organisms Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Other Wood Destroying Pests All Other Wood Destroying Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Not Classified/Missing/Other All Others Total
Restricted Use
Genera] Use
Other Indoor Pests Total
Restricted Use
Genera] Use
Standard
Pounds AI Error
(000) (000)
120
4
116
9
4
6
111
-
Ill
548
-
548
88
0
88
7
0
7
37
5
?i
37
•>
31
111
T
111
5
-
^
HO
110
539
539
87
0
87
7
0
7
13
-;
13
13
3
1?
Percent
of Total
100.0
3.0
97.0
100.0
393
60.7
100.0
-
100.0
100.0
-
100.0
100.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
145
85.5
100.0
14.5
85.5
'Source questions Q12. Q14. Q15. Q17c and Q17e (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of active
insredient using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer
in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
includes turf and ornamental; right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
'Includes pests with at least 500 pounds total AIs and at least 10 observations.
'Totals may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
5Usaee amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
100
-------
Relative Distribution of Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage,
U.S. 1993, by Principle Indoor Pest and Principle Indoor
Insects: 1993 C/CPAS
Other (1)
9%
Cockroaches
27%
Other
8%Fleas
3%
Insects & Other Vert.
91%
Ants (3)
6%
Stored Prod Pests
5% Ants (2)
3%
Termites
46%
Type of Indoor Pest
Selected Indoor Insects
1 Other Indoor Pests includes Plants/Weeds, Plant
Diseases/Organisms, Vertebrates, Micro-organisms, Aquatic
Pests, Other Wood Destroying Pests and those pests not
classified/Missing/Other.
2 Ants - Carpenter
3 Ants - Not Fire or Carpenter
101
-------
Page 1 of 4
Table 24. Indoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Indoor Pest:
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Standard
Principal Indoor Pounds AI Error
Site Category Type of Pest Pest3 (000) (000)
Residential Insects & Other Invertebrates Termites
Cockroaches
Ants - Not Fire or Carpenter
Ants - Carpenter
Fleas
Spiders
Beetles
Misc Ornamental Pests
Misc Lawn/Garden Pests
Misc Household Pests
Other Wood Chewing Insects
Bees/HornetsAVasps
Crickets/Grasshoppers
Flies/ gnats/ midges
Ticks
Ants - Fire
Plant Disease/Organisms Fungus
Misc Plant Diseases
Vertebrates Mice/Rats
Other Wood Destroying Pescs Wood Preservative
Not Classified/Missing/Other Not Classified/Missing/Other
2.942
779
491
245
240
188
131
32
19
18
4
->
">
!
1
1
45
1
5
6
25
623
142
331
!46
48
178
114
22
16
10
3
1
^
0
1
0
37
1
5
6
11
'Source questions Q12. Q14. Q15. Q17c and Q17e (see Appendix A) and state list certification information. Reported product ajnounts were
convened to pounds of active ingredient using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA
mainframe computer in Research Tnangle Park. N.C.
includes turf and ornamental; right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
'includes pests with at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
'Usage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
102
-------
Page 2 of 4
Table 24. Indoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Indoor Pest (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Principal Indoor
Site Category Type of Pest Pest'
Recreational Insects & Other Invertebrates Cockroaches
Termites
Weevils
Plant Disease/Organisms Misc Plant Diseases
Vertebrates Other Rodents
Aquatic Pests Algae
Micro-Organisms Micro-organism
Sanitation/Utilities Insects & Other Invertebrates Cockroaches
Termites
Commercial Office/Retail Insects & Other Invertebrates Termites
Cockroaches
Caterpillars/Moths
Flies/gnats/midges
Ants - Not Fire or Carpenter
Spiders
Ants - Carpenter
Misc Ornamental Pests
Fleas
Beetles
Misc Household Pests
Mites
Commercial Office/Retail Plants/Weeds Broadleaf Weeds
Crabgrass
Vertebrates Mice/Rats
Pounds AI
<000t
6
T
1
4
110
6
87
5
1
1.166
465
77
68
58
47
28
21
17
14
3
->
3
1
1
Standard
Error
(000>
4
2
1
4
110
6
87
5
1
602
128
77
61
31
44
10
12
8
13
1
1
•s
1
0
Source questions Q12. Q14. QI5. Q17c and Q17e isee Appendix A> and state list certification information. Reported product amounts were
convened to pounds of active ingredient using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA
mainframe computer in Research Triangle Park. N.C
includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
'Includes pests with ai least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
'Usage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
103
-------
Page 3 of 4
Table 24. Indoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Indoor Pest (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Site Category
Commercial Office/Retail
(Continued)
Type of Pest
Aquatic Pests
Other Wood Destroying Pests
Not Classified/Missing/Other
Principal Indoor
Pest3
Aleae
Wood Preservative
Not Classified/Missing/Other
Pounds AI
(000)
1
1
6
Standard
Error
(000)
1
1
4
Commercial
Wholesale/Manufacturing Insects & Other Invertebrates Cockroaches
Stored Product Pests
Weevils
Misc Household Pests
Caterpillars/Moths
Termites
Flies/gnats/midges
Beetles
Ants - Not Fire or Carpenter
Misc Ornamental Pests
Fleas
Aphids
Spiders
Ants - Carpenter
Plant Disease/Organisms Blights
Vertebrates Mice/Rats
Not Classified/Missing/Other Not Classified/Missing/Other
Commercial Indeterminant Insects & Other Invertebrates Termites
Cockroaches
Stored Product Pests
1.208
446
98
69
65
40
28
21
16
12
-\
2
1
1
15
3
4
24
9
3
1.055
279
73
66
64
?">
24
12
9
12
3
i
1
0
15
T
•;
15
4
1
'Source questions Q12. Q14. Q15. Q17c and Q17e (.see Appendix A) and state list certification information. Reponed product amounts were
converted to pounds of active ingredient usvng the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA
mainframe computer in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
^Includes turf and ornamental; right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
'includes pests with at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
4Usaae amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05
104
-------
Paee 4 of 4
Table 24. Indoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Indoor Pest (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Site Category
Type of Pest
Principal Indoor
Pest3
Standard
Pounds AI Error
(000) (000)
Commercial Indeterminant
(Continued)
Other
Insects & Other Invertebrates
(Continued)
Aquatic Pests
Aphids
Other wood chewing insects
Ants - Carpenter
Aleae
Insects & Other Invertebrates
Plants/Weeds
Aquatic Pests
Not Classified/Missing/Oiher
Cockroaches
Beetles
Aphids
Termites
Mites
Misc Ornamental Pests
Broadleaf Weeds
Aquatic micro-organisms
Not Classified/Missing/Other
8
6
1
1
1
1
5
539
i
s
4
1
1
-
-
5
539
1
'Source questions Q12. QI4. QI5. Q17c and QI7c {see Appendix A.) and state list certification information Reported product amounts were
convened to pounds of active ingredient using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA
mainframe computer in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
:Inc!udes turf and ornamental, right-of-way; aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health
'Includes pests with at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
JU;age amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05
105
-------
wf
l«
e S
at S
&. S
.a**"
§•
"b -H
WD t3
«_,.
a.
E <
a> o
j= *2
" i
<2 "^
v; Ou
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v:
&
<
a.
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cr
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1 £ =
1 £ -
_
1=-
£ —
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s
z
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V
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t.
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"5
s
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= '-
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^ '. - * 2 f.
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£ S S E = £
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106
-------
2
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tf 1 5
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107
-------
.5
L.
1
.. P
„ TO 0
+f « o
?fl 3 !i*
" .£ "^
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£ c u
£* § a- S
^"> ^ 3 O
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C5 «• \ *Kfj
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^^ *2 ' -ZZ
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l< Z =
'-= 1 g &
£ « •- <
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EW ^ «Q
i£ r3
O >- £ «5
•g O u± U
so K a.
^^ ^a .^
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« a ^
MM ••« f-/^
•S e <
2 *n 2^
^ £ u
r •.
Z i- ^
^
2
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04
=
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2
Z
^
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^
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= * £
3T
X
z r
ac ~
^ > z
1 £ i
S » 1
— ^ <
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^
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108
-------
Pase I of 1
Table 26. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Type of Pest:
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Type of Pest
All Types3
Insects & Other Invertebrates
Plants/Weeds
Plant Disease/Organisms
Vertebrates
Aquatic Pests
Micro-Organisms
Other Wood Destroying Pests
Not Classified/Missing/Other
Standard
Pounds AI Error
(000) (000)
59,164
17,795
32,632
2,736
644
4,737
372
52
196
8,976
2,017
7.694
383
476
3,586
351
37
96
'Source questions Q12, Q14. Q15. Q17d and Q17f (see Appendix
A). Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of active
ingredient using the concentration of the active ingredient given in
EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer
in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
"Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way: aquatic: industrial.
institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
'Total may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
109
-------
Relative Distribution of Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage,
U.S. 1993, by Type of Outdoor Pest: 1993 C/CPAS
Plant Disease/Organis
5%
Aquatic Pest
8%
Other 1
2%
Insects & Other Vert
30%
Plants/Weeds
55%
Vertebrates
1%
1 Other Outdoor Pests includes Micro-organisms, Growth Regulators,
Other Wood Destroying Pests, and those pests not classified
no
-------
Paae 1 of 8
Table 27. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Restricted Versus General Use:
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories'
Standard
Restricted or Pounds AI Error Percent
Type of Pest Principal Outdoor Pest3 General Use (000) (000) of Total
All Types All Outdoor Pests Total*
Restricted Use
General Use
Insects & Other Invertebrates All Insects &. Other Invertebrates Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Mosquitoes Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Termites Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Grubs/Larvae Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Misc Lawn/Garden Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Ants - Not Fire Or Capemer Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Fleas Total
Restricted Use
General Use
59.164
7.004
52.160
17.795
764
17.031
5.907
.--
5.907
5.109
163
4.946
1.353
235
1.118
1.163
•\
1.160
1.119
109
1.010
832
•^
830
8.970
3.656
7.TSO
2.017
261
2.000
1.896
-
1.S96
670
96
652
261
117
224
934
1
935
563
101
554
708
1
70S
100.0
11.8
8S.2
100.0
4.3
95.7
100.0
-
100.0
100.0
3.2
96.8
100.0
17.4
82.6
100.0
0.2
99.8
100.0
9.7
90.3
100.0
0.3
99."
Source questions Q12. QI-». Q1J. Q17d and Q17f (see Appendix A.I. Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of aclise ingredient using the
concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
:Inc.udes turf and ornamental: right-ot'-way: aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
:"lnc udes pests \vith at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
"Teiils may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
Ts:?e amounts cr standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 005
111
-------
Paae 2 of S
Table 27. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Restricted Versus General (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Standard
Restricted or Pounds AI Error Percent
Type of Pest Principal Outdoor Pest' General Use (000) (OOOi of Total
Insects & Other Invertebrates
('Continued) Cockroaches Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Aphids Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Misc Household Pesis Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Ants - Carpenter Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Misc Ornamental Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Crickets/Grasshoppers Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Spiders Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Beetles Total
Restricted Use
General Use
354
1
351
309
11
297
257
10!
155
222
T
221
181
50
131
142
21
120
133
-
133
130
35
95
105
1
105
106
S
103
151
101
11:
92
1
92
47
34
33
56
21
44
61
-
61
39
32
24
100.0
0.7
99.3
100.0
3.6
96.4
100.0
39.5
60.5
100.0
0.7
99.3
100.0
27.6
72.4
100.0
15.1
84.9
100.0
0.1
99.9
100.0
26.8
'-•-
Source questions Q!2. Q14. Q15. Q17d and Q17f (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of active ingredient using the
concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
Includes turf and ornamental; ngrr.-of-way: aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
'Includes pests with at least 500 pounds lotal AI and at least 10 observations.
"Totals may differ from the sum of the entries because of roundtng.
X'sage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or presents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
112
-------
Paae 3 of 8
Table 27. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Restricted Versus General (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Standard
Restricted or Pounds AI Error Percent
Type of Pest Principal Outdoor Pest' General Use fOOOt (000) of Total
Insects & Other Invertebrates
(Continued) Mites Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Ants - Fire Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Caterpillars/Moths Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Flies/GnaisAlidges Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Nematodes Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Stored Product Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Ticks Total
Restricted Use
General Use
ir
1
;26
III
1
no
107
!
106
100
4
95
90
->
88
18
18
1
14
-
14
36
-
36
40
-
40
43
!
43
63
4
63
37
1
37
If
i ^
-
4
-
4
100.0
0.4
996
100.0
0.5
99.5
100.0
1.2
98.8
100.0
4.4
95.6
100.0
:.i
97.9
100.0
96.1
3.9
100.0
0.7
99.3
Suurce questions Q12. Q14. Q15. Q!"\l and Q!~f (see Appendix Ai. Reported produci amounts were convened to pounds of active ingredient using the
concentration of the acme ingredient euen in EPA's Product Label File located on [he EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle Park. N.C
•Inrludes turf and ornamental: right-of-way: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
'ln:iudes pests uith at least 5iKJ pounds total AI and at least 10 observations
"Tc tals ma> differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
•'l^ace amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
113
-------
Page 4 of 8
Table 27. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Restricted Versus General (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Standard
Restricted or Pounds AI Error
Type of Pest Principal Outdoor Pest3 General Use (000) (000)
Insects & Other Invertebrates
(Continued) Bees/Homets/Wasps Total
Restricted L'se
Genera] Use
_J3ther Outdoor Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Plants/Weeds All Plants/Weeds Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Broadleaf Weeds Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Annual Grasses Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Crabgrass Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Perennial Grasses Tola!
Restricted Use
General Use
Woody Brush/Vines Toia]
Restricted Use
General Use
12
1
11
6
1
5
32.632
6.010
26.622
24.208
3.232
20.976
2.099
43
2.055
1.096
0
1.096
744
1
743
618
38
580
3
1
3
"^
1
_«i
7.694
3.636
6.199
7.010
2.437
6.124
371
16
368
330
0
330
283
-
283
163
20
153
Percent
of Total
100.0
6.1
93.9
100.0
19.6
80.4
100.0
18.4
81.6
100.0
13.4
86.6
100.0
2.1
97.9
100.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
0.1
99.9
100.0
6.1
93.9
Source Questions Q12. Q14, Q15. QI~d and Q17f (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of active ingredient using the
concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
•Includes tun and ornamental, right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
'Includes pests with at least 500 pcunds total Al and at least 10 observations.
'Totals ma> differ from the sum ot the entries because of rounding.
'Usage amounts Or standard errors greater than zero bul less thin 500 pounds or precems greater than zero but less than 0.05
114
-------
Page 5 of S
Table 27. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Restricted Versus General (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Standard
Restricted or Pounds AI Error Percent
Type of Pest Principal Outdoor Pest: General Use (000) (000 1 of Total
PlantsAVeecs (Continued.) Trees Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Weeds & Grasses Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Misc Weeds Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Nutsedge Total
Restricted Use
General Use
3lant Disease/Organisms All Plant Disease/Organisms Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Brown Patch Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Misc Plant Diseases Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Blights Total
Restricted Use
General Use
601
20
580
363
0
363
2.842
2.675
167
61
-
61
2.736
152
2.584
872
-
872
582
152
430
498
-
497
349
15
346
161
0
161
2.776
2.675
105
15
-
15
383
115
35"
216
-
217
172
115
88
122
-
122
100.0
3.4
966
100.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
94.1
5.9
100.0
0.7
99.3
100.0
5.6
94.4
100.0
-
100.0
100.0
26 1
73.9
100.0
100.0
Source questions Q12. Q14. QI5, QI7d and Ql~f isee Appendix AI. Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of active ingredient using the
jcnccntraiion of the acme ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
Mncludes turf and ornamental: right-oi"-wa>: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
Includes pest* with at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 1C observations.
"Totals: may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
'L'::age amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than ?00 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.0?.
115
-------
Pane 6 of £
Table 27. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Restricted Versus General (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Standard
Restricted or Pounds AI Error Percent
Type of Pest Principal Outdoor Pest' General Use (000) (000) of Total
Plant/Disease Organisms
(Continued) Dollar Spot Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Leaf Spot Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Fungus Totai
Restricted Use
General Use
Vertebrates All Vertebrates Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Other Rodents Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Other Outdoor Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Aquatic Pests All Aquatic Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Algae Total
Restricted Use
General Use
480
0
480
185
0
185
119
0
119
644
•j
641
636
<^
634
8
-
-T
4.737
S"^"
4.680
4.187
0
4.187
89
0
89
44
0
44
38
0
38
476
1
476
476
1
476
~t
-
1
3.580
34
3.580
3.515
0
3.515
100.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
0.4
99.6
100.0
0.3
99.7
100.0
4.5
95.5
100.0
i.:
98. S
100.0
0.0
100.0
Source questions Q12. QM. Q15. Q17d and Q17f isee Appendix A). Reported produce amounts were convened 10 pounds of active ingredient using the
concentration of the acme ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle Park. N C
includes turf and ornamental: right-of-wa>: aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
Include^ pe.<:s with at Iea>: 500 pounds tola] A! and at least 10 observations.
"Totals may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
'Usage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but le«s than 500 pounds or precenis greater than zero but less than 0.05.
116
-------
Page ' of S
Table 27. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Restricted Versus General (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Standard
Restricted or Pounds AI Error Percent
Type of Pest Principal Outdoor Pest5 General Use (000) (OOOi of Total
Aquatic Pests ('Continued) Fish Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Aquatic Weeds-Submerged Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Marine Animals Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Aquatic Micro-Organisms Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Aquatic Weeds-Emergent Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Aquatic Weeds-Floating Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Micro-Organisms All Micro-Organisms Total
Restricted Use
General Use
Other Wood Destroying Pests All Other Wood Destroying Pests Total
Restricted Use
General Use
263
31
TT>
16?
0
163
4~
26
20
34
0
34
28
0
28
16
0
16
372
12
361
•^2
1
51
1ST
30
1S5
78
0
78
"i —
16
20
34
0
34
20
0
20
10
0
10
351
11
351
-:
1
36
100.0
11. S
88.2
100.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
56.3
43.7
100.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
100.0
1000
3 .2.
96.8
100.0
1 ^
97.8
Source questions Qll. Q!~. Q!5. Q]"d and Ql"f 'sec Appendix A>. Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of acir.e ingredient using the
concentration 01 the acme ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
"Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-wa>: aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health
'Includes pest> with at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
"Totals may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
X" ace amounts or standard errors greater than zero bui less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05
117
-------
Page 8 of S
Table 27. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Restricted Versus General (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Standard
Restricted or Pounds AI
Type of Pest Principal Outdoor Pest3
Not Classified/Missing/Other All Others
General Use
Total
Restricted Use
Genera] Use
lOOOl
196
6
190
Error
(000)
96
4
96
Percent
of Total
100.0
2.8
97.2
'Source questions Q!2. Q14. QI5, Q17d and Q17f (.see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of active ingredient using the
concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle Park. N'.C.
•Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way: aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
'includes pests with at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
"Totals may differ from the sum of the entries because of rounding.
!Usage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
118
-------
Relative Distribution of Non-agricultural Pesticide Usage,
U.S. 1993, by Selected Outdoor Pest: 1993 C/CPAS
Annual Grasses
4%
Other
22%
Misc Lawn/Garden
2%
Mosquitos
10%
Ants (1)
2%
Broadleaf Weeds
41%
Qrabgrass
2%
Algae
7%
Grubs/Larvae
2%
Termites
9%
1 Ants - Not Fire
119
-------
Page 1 of 10
Table 28. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Outdoor Pest:
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Principal Outdoor
Site Category Type of Pest* Pest3
Residential Insects & Other Invertebrates Termites
Mosquitoes
Misc Lawn/Garden Pests
Ants - Not Fire or Carpenter
Fleas
Grubs/Larvae
Cockroaches
Ants - Carpenter
Aphids
Misc Household Pests
Misc Ornamental Pests
Spiders
Beetles
Mites
Caterpillars/Moths
Ants - Fire
Crickets/Grasshoppers
Nemazodes
Flies/Gnats/Midge s
Ticks
Bees/Homets/Wasps
Weevils
Pounds Standard
AI Error
(000) (000)
4.369
2.738
1.063
888
782
556
296
193
155
147
134
103
101
91
81
64
31
28
23
13
9
6
645
1.233
929
498
672
150
100
85
50
111
35
49
34
33
35
34
9
24
11
4
3
3
'Source questions Q12. Q14. Q15. Q17d and Q17f (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of active ingredient
using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
Park. N.C.
includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
'includes pests with at least 500 pounds total Al and at least 10 observations.
'L'saee amounts or standard errors zreater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
120
-------
Page 2 of 10
Table 28. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Outdoor Pest (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Principal Outdoor
Site Category Type of PestJ Pest1
Residential (Continued) Plants/Weeds Broadleaf Weeds
Crabgrass
Annual Grasses
Perennial Grasses
Woody Brush/Vines
Weeds & Grasses
Nutsedge
Misc Weeds
Trees
Plant Disease/Organisms Misc Plant Diseases
Brown Patch
Fungus
Leaf Spot
Dollar Spot
Blights
Vertebrates Other Nonrodents
Mice/Rats
Other Rodents
Snakes
Aquatic Pests Algae
Aquatic Weeds-Submerged
Aquatic Weeds-Floating
Other Wood Destroying Pests Wood Preservative
Pounds Standard
AI Error
(000) fOOO)
5.355
594
456
62
16
1?
8
3
1
102
69
69
53
15
9
i
1
1
1
->"!1
26
1
6
1.765
218
148
16
10
7
4
1
4
35
"K
31
17
6
->
T
1
-
-
180
18
1
6
'Source questions Q12. Ql-t. Q15. Q17d and Q17f iscc Appendix A). Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of active ingredient
u;ing the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
Park. N.C.
:Ir.cludes turf and ornamental; nght-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
'ir eludes pests with at least 5DO pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
'Usage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
171
-------
Page 3 of !0
Table 28. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Outdoor Pest (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Principal Outdoor
Site Category Type of Pest3 Pest3
Residential (Continued) Not Classified/Missing/Other Not Oassified/Missing/Other
Growth Regulator
Recreational Insects & Other Invertebrates Mosquitoes
Grubs/Larvae
Crickets/Grasshoppers
Misc Lawn/Garden Pests
Nematodes
Misc Ornamental Pests
Ants - Fire
Ants - Not Fire or Carpenter
Caterpillars/Moths
Beetles
Ants - Carpenter
Termites
Flies/Gnats/Midges
Aphids
Mites
Misc Household Pests
Spiders
Fleas
Plants/Weeds Broadleaf Weeds
Annual Grasses
Crabgrass
Weeds &. Grasses
Perennial Grasses
Pounds Standard
AI Error
(000) (000)
10
-1
683
605
109
63
45
23
">"*
12
9
9
4
4
3
2
;
1
1
1
1.196
352
246
144
S3
4
-1
475
154
53
13
23
19
9
5
8
5
•;
3
1
1
1
1
1
-
224
102
120
137
1~
Source questions Q12. Q14, Q15. Q17d and Qi~f (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were converted 10 pounds of active ingredient
using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
Park. N.C.
Hnclud.es turf and ornamental; nght-of-way: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health
'Includes pests with at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
4Usage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
122
-------
Page 4 of 10
Table 28. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Outdoor Pest (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Principal Outdoor
Site Category Type of Pest3 Pesr'
Recreational (Continued) Plants/Weeds (Continued) Woody Brush/Vines
Nutsedge
Misc Weeds
Trees
Plant Disease/Organisms Brown Patch
Blights
Dollar Spot
Misc Plant Diseases
Leaf Spot
Fungus
Vertebrates Other Rodents
Other Nonrodents
Aquatic Pests Algae
Aquatic Weeds-Submerged
Fish
Aquatic Weeds-Floating
Micro-Organisms Microorganism
Parasites
Not Classified/Mi ssing/Other Not ClassifieoVMissing/Other
Growth Regulator
Sanitation/Utilities Insects & Other Invertebrates Mosquitoes
Grubs/Larvae
Beetles
Termites
Spiders
Pounds
AI
(000)
47
43
34
8
766
466
460
251
127
48
635
1
3.379
57
•57
9
361
4
78
6
292
5
•>
1
1
Standard
Error
(000)
46
15
27
5
208
120
89
37
43
Tl
476
1
2,989
33
31
7
349
4
76
n
290
-i
t
1
1
'Source questions QI2. Q14. Q15. QI7d and Q17f isee Appendix A). Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of active ingredient
using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
Fork". N.C
"l.icludes turf and ornamental: right-of-way: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
•'includes pests with at least 500 pounds total Al and at least 10 observations.
"Usage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
123
-------
Page 5 of 10
Table 28. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Outdoor Pest (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories*
Principal Outdoor
Site Category Type of Pest3 Pest3
Sanitation/Utilities Insects & Other Invertebrates
(Continued) (Continued) Ants - Fire
Plants/Weeds Broadleaf Weeds
Woody Brush/Vines
Perennial Grasses
Annual Grasses
Trees
Weeds & Grasses
Misc Weeds
Crabgrass
Plant Disease/Organisms Misc Plant Diseases
Aquatic Pests Algae
Fish
Aquatic Weeds-Emergent
Aquatic Weeds-Submerged
Aquatic Weeds-Floating
Other Wood Destroying Pests Wood Preservative
Commercial Office/Retail Insects & Other Invertebrates Termites
Grubs/Larvae
Mosquitoes
Aphids
Ants - Not Fire or Carpenter
Misc Lawn/Garden Pests
Cockroaches
Spiders
Pounds Standard
AI Error
(000) (000 1
1
3,024
477
397
339
253
no
35
1
204
179
30
22
18
5
45
569
175
148
131
104
35
31
26
1
775
147
271
169
168
65
24
1
143
175
30
20
17
4
36
96
52
85
96
55
13
8
13
'Source questions Q12. Q14. Q15. Q17d and Q17f (see Appendix A.). Reported product amounts were convened to pounds of active ingredient
using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA' s Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
Park" N.C.
•Includes turf and ornamental: nght-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health
'Includes pests with at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
'Usage amounts or standard errors sweater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05
124
-------
Paae 6 of 10
Table 28. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Outdoor Pest (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Principal Outdoor
Site Category Type of Pesr1 Pesr'
Commercial Office/Retail Insects & Other Invertebrates
(Continued) (Continued) Ants - Carpenter
Mites
Beetles
Misc Ornamental Pests
Fleas
Ants - Fire
Misc Household Pests
Caterpillars/Moths
Flies/Gnats/Midges
Bees/Hornets/Wasps
Crickets/Grasshoppers
Ticks
Nematodes
Plants/Weeds Broadleaf Weeds
Crabgrass
Annual Grasses
Perennial Grasses
W'eeds & Grasses
W'oody Brush/Vines
Misc Weeds
N'utsedge
Trees
Plant Disease/Organisms Brown Patch
Misc Plant Diseases
Pounds
AI
(000)
26
19
17
12
11
10
5
3
2
-^
**
1
1
5.784
250
242
112
11
3
2
-1
1
36
16
Standard
Error
(000)
!7
6
8
3
5
4
4
~
1
1
1
1
-
3.706
169
56
41
4
1
-V
1
-
20
6
-Source questions Q12. Q]4. Q15. Q17d and Ql7f isee Appendix A». Reported product amounts were converted 10 pounds of active ingredient
using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
P.irk. N.C
includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
Includes pests with at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
JU;age amounts or standard errors sreater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents ereater than zero but less than 0.05
125
-------
Page 7 of 10
Table 28. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Outdoor Pest (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Principal Outdoor
Site Category Type of Pest3 Pest3
Commercial Office/Retail Plant Disease/Organisms
(Continued) (Continued) Blights
Leaf Spot
Dollar Spot
Fungus
Vertebrates Birds/Fowl
Aquatic Pests Algae
Aquatic micro-organisms
Aquatic Weeds- Submerged
Micro-Organisms Microorganism
Other Wood Destroying Pests Wood Preservative
Not Classified/Missing/Other Growth Regulator
Not CJassified/Missing/Other
Commercial
Wholesale/Manufacturing Insects & Other Invertebrates Termites
Cockroaches
Aphids
Stored Product Pests
Nematodes
Ants - Not Fire or Carpenter
Mites
Flies/Gnats/Midges
Ants - Fire
Mosquitoes
Grubs/Larvae
Fleas
Pounds Standard
AI Error
(000) (000)
6
5
3
*>
1
185
27
19
*t
1
60
21
126
25
19
18
15
9
9
6
6
6
6
ji
4
"}
i
i
-
175
27
17
i
1
57
9
98
23
12
15
15
-.
8
4
6
4
1
-1
:Source questions Q12. QU. Q15. Ql7d and Q)7f (see Appendix AI. Reported produce amounts were convened 10 pounds of active ingredient
using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
Park! N.C.
Includes turf and ornamental: right-of-way; aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health-related: and public health.
includes oests with at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
JUsage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
126
-------
Page 8 of 10
Table 28. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Outdoor Pest (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Site Category Type of Pesr1
Principal Outdoor
Pest-
Pounds
AI
(000)
Standard
Error
(000)
Commercial
WholesaleA-lanufacmring
(Continued)
Commercial Indeterminant
Insects & Other Invertebrates
(Continued)
Plants/Weeds
Plant Disease/Organisms
Aquatic Pests
Not Classified/Missing/Other
Insects &. Other Invertebrates
Misc Ornamental Pests
Spiders
Beetles
Misc Lawn/Garden Pests
Crickets/Grasshoppers
Broadleaf Weeds
Annual Grasses
Perennial Grasses
Misc Weeds
Weeds & Grasses
Crabgrass
Nutsedge
Woody Brush/Vines
Blights
Misc Plant Diseases
Dollar Spot
Brown Patch
Marine Animals
Aquatic micro-organisms
Not Classified/Missing/Other
Termites
Fleas
Misc Ornamental Pests
Ants - Fire
-i
1
1
1
1
262
261
15
6
6
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
134
89
5
-
3
1
3
16
6
?6
9
6
15
4
J9
36
8
6
:Sc>urce questions Q12, Q14. Q15. Q!7d and Q]~f isee Appendix AV Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of active ingredient
u;mg the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Tnangk
Park. N.C.
"Includes turf and ornamental, right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional structural and health-related; and public health.
'includes pests with at least 500 pounds totaJ AI and at least 10 observations.
\sage amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
127
-------
Page 9 of 10
Table 28. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Outdoor Pest (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Principal Outdoor
Site Category Type of Pest1 Pest'
Commercial Indetenninant Insects & Other Invertebrates
(Continued) (Continued) Mosquitoes
Cockroaches
Ants - Not Fire or Carpenter
Nematodes
Flies/Gnats/Midges
Misc Lawn/Garden Pests
Aphids
Plants/Weeds Broadleaf Weeds
Perennial Grasses
Annual Grasses
Weeds & Grasses
Misc Weeds
Woody Brush/Vines
Crabgrass
Aquatic Pests Marine Animals
Algae
Not Classified/Missing/Other Growth Regulator
Other Insects & Other Invertebrates Mosquitoes
Ants - Not Fire or Carpenter
Misc Household Pests
Flies/Gnats/Midges
Caterpillars/Moths
Grubs/Larvae
Mites
Pounds Standard
AI Error
(000) <000)
3
->
*»
1
1
1
1
79
16
15
2
1
1
1
24
1
3
2.038
104
103
65
14
S
7
3
-i
1
1
I
-
-
26
14
6
1
1
-
-
*>•>
1
1
1.036
101
101
62
!2
/
3
Source questions Q12. Q14. Q15. Q!7d and Q17f (see Appendix A). Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of active ingredient
using the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA's Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
Park. Nf.C.
Mncludes turf and ornamental; right-of-way: aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
'includes pests with at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
""Usace amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
128
-------
Page 10 of 10
Table 28. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by
Site Category, Type of Pest and Principal Outdoor Pest (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Site Category
Type of Pest3
Principal Outdoor
Pest-'
Pounds
AI
(000)
Standard
Error
(000)
Other (Continued)
Insects & Other Invertebrates
(Continued)
Plants/Weeds
Plant Disease/Organisms
Aquatic Pests
Micro-Organisms
Not Classified/Missins/Other
Termites
Ants - Fire
Aphids
Bees/HometsAVasps
Broadleaf Vr'eeds
Misc Weeds
Annual Grasses
Trees
Weeds & Grasses
Woody Brush/Vines
Perennial Grasses
Nutsedge
Crabgrass
Misc Plant Diseases
Algae
Fish
Aquatic Weeds-Submerged
Marine Animals
Aquatic Weeds-Emergent
Aquatic Weeds-Floating
Fish parasites
Microorganism
Growth Regulator
Not Classified/Missina/Other
8.509
2.762
434
339
77
73
60
5
1
221
195
44
11
5
I
1
5.283
2.~57
174
306
52
38
31
5
1
109
183
23
10
5
1
1
question* Q12. QI4. Q15. Ql~d and Q17f (see Appendix A) Reported product amounts were converted to pounds of active ingredient
uiina the concentration of the active ingredient given in EPA'? Product Label File located on the EPA mainframe computer in Research Triangle
P;jk~ N.C.
:ln:ludeii turf and ornamental; right-of-way; aquatic; industrial, institutional, structural and health-related; and public health.
'ln:ludes pests with at least 500 pounds total AI and at least 10 observations.
4t":.age amounts or standard errors greater than zero but less than 500 pounds or precents greater than zero but less than 0.05.
129
-------
Page 1 of 7
Table 29. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Active Ingredient:
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Principal Outdoor
TvpeofPes! Vrsf1 Active Ingredients (Al) Name
Irsecu & Other Invertebrates Mosquito MALATH1ON
PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE
PERMETHRIN MIXED C1S.TRANS
CHLORPYRIFOS
Termitts CHLORPYRIFOS
PERMETHRIN. MIXED C1S.TRANS
CYPERMETHR1N
01SOD1UM OCTABORATE TETRAHYDRATE
Grubs. Larvie TRICHLORFON
OIAZINON
ISOFENPHOS
FONOFOS
CARBARVL
CHLORPYRIFOS
ISAZOFOS
MALATHION
M IK Lawn Garden Pests CHLORPYRIFOS
TRtCHLORFON
CARBARYL
OIAZINON
METALDEHYOE
An
-------
Pace 2 of-
Table 29. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Active Ingredient (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories:
Principal Outdoor
T-peofPett Pesr1 Active Inrrtdients IAD Name
CHLORPYRIFOS
DIAZINON
BORIC ACID
BENDIOCARB
LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIS
Aphids MALATHIOS
DIAZINON
ACEPHATE
CARBARYL
POTASSIUM SOAPS OF FATTY ACIDS
OXYDEM ETON-METHYL
Misc Household Pests CHLORPYRIFOS
Ana • Carperjtr CHLORPYRIFOS
DIAZINON
BENDIOCARB
M isc Ornamental Pests DIAZINON
CARBARYL
MALATHIOS
CHLORPYRIFOS
ACEPHATE
POTASSIUM SOAPS OF FATTY ACIDS
Crickets Grasshoppers ACEPHATE
D1AZINOS
CHLORPYRIFOS
Spiders CHLORPYRIFOS
DIAZISON
Beeiies CARBARYL
CHLORPYRIFOS
Irseis&O-jier Irivtnebraic!. Conun-jei! Mites POTASSIUM SOAPS OF FATTY ACIDS
DICOFOL
MALATHiON
ACEPHATE
AI Pounds (All
Code Nam*
059101 JU
05780: 51
once: 23
;os:oi id
::sa9- s
05770! Ill
05750! 67
: 0330 1 :5
056801 19
079021 !S
058-02 S
059IOI 6
05910! ::o
05780! M
ias:oi ;:
OS7J01 22
05680; :o
05770: :6
059101 11
10330: S
0-902: 6
10330: 36
05-801 :i
059101 !8
059101 36
orso: .<•
056S01 55
05910! : :
0-2:
ijiosoi :j
,75-0: s
'.03301 i
Standard
Error
iOOO>
36
--
:«
-
-
93
33
8
n
11
6
i
SO
42
-
::
:-
6
3
2
^
20
s
•i
:»
!S
-
v
;-
}
5
•Res .'icicc 1st Pcsiicidc -RL'P Noir th«E ionc A is are ;r. ooUi RL'P and gcnefa. use prooyca. :"or ixitipte. 2 4-B a™: pi^foran:
Sonr:e q-jesuons 0»-. Ql*. Q-5. Q^7d ar:
'Consaa or Cooes 030019. U30035. 03006: iR
^iscs of Codes 0031
-------
Pace 3 of-
Table 29. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Active Ingredient (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Principal Outdoor
TvpeofPcst Pesr Active IncrtdienLv t\t} Name
Anis - Fire ACEPHATE
CHLORPYRIFOS
DIAZINON
CiKipillarsjMoihs CARBARYL
Flics Grau Midfu CARBARYL
CHLORPYRIFOS
Nemarodes CARBARYL
Tick! DIAZISON
CHLORPYRIFOS
Plains .Weeds Broadieaf Weeds 2.4-D
GLYPHOSATE, SALT
01URON
PROPANOIC ACID. :-4-CHLORO-2-METHYLPHEN
TRICLOPYR
SIMA2INE
PENDtMETHALIS
MCPA. DIMETHYLAM1NE SALT
2.4-D
DICAMBA. DIMETHYLAMINE SALT
PICLORAM. SALT
ORYZAL1N
ACETIC ACID. (2.4-DICKLOROPKENOXY)-. 2-B
PROPASOIC ACID. :-<: 4-DiCHLOROPHENOxr.-
IMAZAPYR. ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT
SULFOMETURON METHYL
2-ETHY:,J-METHYLPENTYL2.4-DICHLOROPHESO
Piams. Weeds iConimuedi Broadlea! Weeds iConlinuedi TEBLTHiURON
PROPASOIC ACID :.i2.4-DICHLOROPHENO\Y.-
PROPAMOiC ACID. 2-12.4-DICHLOROPHENOXV-
MECOPROP
ATRAZINE
Al Pounds IAD
Code Name
103301
OS910!
o$T80:
OS680I
C'JMOi
05910:
056801
057801
OS9101
030019
103601
035505
031519
II600»
08080"
icsso:
030516
030019
02980:
005102
:~
so
TC
55
46
4;
29
19
r
21
:o
r
'
*RcsL*ic»d L'se Pesticide iRUP:. Noie uwt some Ali are ir. t»Ci Rl'P ajid penerai vise products, for example. - -»-B aixs pic'oran
•Soui:e questions Q\2. QU. Q15. QI"d and Q!"f is^e Appendix At. Reported product amounts uere convened 10 pounds of active mgr«di«ni using *Jie concertraEion o: L^e acnve infredneni giver.
EP.Ys Produce Label File located on the EPA mamrrame compuier in Research Triangle Park. N.C.
; Includes turf and ornamentsl: rtjht-oi-way-. aquatic, induiinal, insu:ui3onaJ. scructuraJ and heaii/i-rtUted: and public health
Incl-des pesa wiin at least 500 pounds total Ah and a; least 10 obsen-ations
'Consts^i o:'Codes :C360!. ;036C*i 'Cons»u or Codes 03001?. 030035. C30063 iGUP Co^iists ot Codes 116002 ::6COi
s of Codes 030019, 030035.030063
-------
Table 29. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Active Ingredient (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Page 4 of 7
Principal Outdoor
T ,-pe of Pest Pest' Active Inerediencs IAD Name
CHLORPYR1FOS
ACETIC ACIO. C.-S-DICHLOROPHESOXYK COM
DICHLOBENIL
ATRAZIS'E
BROMACIL. LITHIL'M SALT
PICLORAM.SALT
BENFLURALIN
ISOXABEN
OXADIAZOS
PROMETON
TRIFLURALIS
DITHIOPYR
Annual Grasses CLYPHOSATE. SALT
PENDIMETHALIN
DIL'ROS
PRODIAMINE
BENFLL'RALIS
ORVZALIS
SIMAZINE
TRIFLL'RALIS
BENSULIDE
SULFOMETt'RON METHYL
Al Pounds (Ali
Code Name
059:0.
030016 P
0:740: u
03::oi
0!:3o: i:
005 IK ::
08430! iu
i:585! 10
109001 w
08080J
036101
::8»
-------
Paee 5 of"
Table 29. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Active Ingredient (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Principal Outdoor
TrpcoFPest Per' Active Ingredients IAD Name
DITHIOPYR
PROPANOIC ACID :-(4-CHLORO-2-METHVLPHEN
TRIFLURALIN
BENSULIDE
OXADIAZON
ORYZAL1N
CLYPHOSATE SALT
Perennial Grasses GLVPHOSATE. SALT
DIURON'
ORY2AL1S
SIMA21NE
Woody Brush Vines FOSAMINE AMMOSIL'M
TRICLOPYR
:.4-o
CLYPHOSATE SALT
PICLORAM. SALT
ACETIC ACID. i2.4-DICHLOROPHESOXYi- :-B
IMAZAPYR. ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT
PICLORAM. SALT
DICAMBA. DIM ETHYLAM1NE SALT
Weeds & Grasses GLYPHOSATE. SALT
DIURON
Sulsedse SODIUM BENTAZON
Piir: Disease Orgarasiw 8rc»n Patch CHLOROTHALONIL
Plants Disease Organisms (Continued' Bro*n Paten (Continued) MANCOZEB
THIRAM
1PRODIONE
THIOPHANATE-M ETHYL
VISCLOZOLIN
PROPICONAZOLE
TRIAD1MEFOS
PESTACHLORONITROBENZENE
Standard
AI Pounds (Mi En-or
Code Name (0001
: 28994
03:519
0?6!OI
00980:
-.09001
loco:
:0360:
;03601
035505
:0420i
08080"
: 06701
i 16004
030019
10360 i
005 to:
030053
128829
oosio:
029802
:03«:
035505
103901
081901
014504
079801
10980:
:o:oo:
: u:oi
i::ioi
icwo:
0565C:
:: :o
15 S
:: ;
i; i
\
3
5 3
334 104
181 136
JO IS
18 1!
'.So 101
!3~ 49
•9 3S
50 30
13 9
:: 8
9
9 6
6
89 33
:i i:
i2 12
4TJ 1 13
136 "4
Si 60
67 iS
:4 10
19 9
i: ;
10 3
< 1
"Rtsiritted I'sc Fcsticwc iRUP) NOK that some Als arc in berth RUP and general use products, for exampJe. Z.4-B atxi picloram.
•Source cucstions Q!2, Ql-J, Qlf . Ql~cand Ql"f :see Appeocix Af Reponed product amounts w;rc convened to pounds ol'ac::\e mgreciem ustns; the c
EPA s Procuct Labc' F:.e .ocatec on ihe EPA mairrrame compuicr tn Research Tciartgle Park. N C
•irejuGes turi anc ornarrcnul • nghtof-way: aquatic: industrial, institutional, structural and health -related: and public ncat;h,
Includes DCS;* with at ;uas! 500 x»unds total Als and it least 10 observations
n of the active mprec:em ziv
o: Codes !03rrf>:. 1036>i
"Consists o: Coc=s 0
';9. 0?0035 . 030063 (Rl'Ps
'Consists ol Codes 030019 030035. 030063 i
'Consists 01 Codes 005101. 005101 iRUPi
134
Cons:s^ Q! Codes 11600:. :;60M
Consists of Codes 005102. 0051
-------
Table 29. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Active Ingredient (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Page 6 of 7
Principal Outdoor
TvpcofPest Pest' Active Ingredients (All Name
Misc Plant Diseases PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE
THIOPHAS'ATE-METHYL
CHLOROTHALONIL
MANCOZEB
COPPER HYDROXIDE
MERCUROUS CHLORIDE
CHLOROSEB
TRIADIMEFOS
IPRODIONE
Blights CHLOROTHALOML
FOSETYL-AL
METAL AXYL
PROPAMOCARB HYDROCHLOR1DE
MANCOZEB
CHLORONEB
THIOPHANATE-METHYL
IPRODIONE
Dollar Spec CHLOROTHALOWS.
MANCOZEB
VINCLOZOLIS
IPRODIONt
TRIADIMEFOS
THIOPHANATE-METHYL
P:an- Disease. -Organism* (Continued! Dollar Spot iConwiued' ANILAZINE
PROP1CON.A.ZOLE
LeifSpot CHLOROTHALOML
MANCOZEB
ANILAZINE
)PROD!ONE
V!NCLOZOLIN
Ftinpjj CHLOROTHALON1L
DISODIUM OCTABORATE TETRAHYDRATE
AI Pounds (AD
Code Name
os6jo: :-tj
:o:oo: r
08IW1 ::
»i«o» :.
rowi :<
os::oi :-
O:TJO: ::
109901 10
:09K01
08190: -5:-
;:33o: -:
113501 SS
;>«o: s>
OM50; r
ar*; r
;o:oo: :<
:098C:
0819CH 23
ONSCU "9
1 1 3:0: 30
-.0980; :j
;099o: :>
10:00; li
ososi: i:
::::;•: :o
081901 6:
o;45« 4:
080S1! 1'
:o98u: :c
1:3:01 i<-
OS 1901 4:
c;::o3 :f
Standard
Error
(0001
;-
::
^
-
4
5
5
6
106
2?
-.9
18
::
16
5
56
5-
14
10
f>
-
-
;,
30
:u
::
d
-
::
'''
"Reslr c:cd t'ss Pn::z:de iRl.T> Note L^al sij^ie A Is arr i- boL^ RL'P I.TC: psncrj' ^e prod^cli. for c^irrplc. 2,-i-B inC ciciora,T
Sour;: uuest.crj: Q'.l Q'.-. 0"?- Ql'c arc Q!*:' >SK Appcncix A Rcponec procuc: awounu were corvtncd :c >>u,vis o:'ac:;-.c ;rtf:cct]er.t
£PA •, PrcxSu:: Lasci F:Je .ocated on i~e £PA mainrranc compute: in Research Triang.e fa.'k N.C.
:ffxriudirs ti:rt and ofrj.ner.ial: ngfii-or'-w,ay, iqu^tic: industrial, institution*., strucfjrai and health-reiaied: and pub he heaizh.
luclu^-s p«sf4 v.sh it least 50C> pounds ;ou,i \l? ana it icasi JO observations
*Cop^:r^orCoces 105601. li>?tJkU "Cotaitts or Codes U30C-19. 03«X35. 030063 tCUP
'Cons sis of Codes 03001S. 030035. 030063 RUPi
'Consists of Codes OOSlo:. iX'5:
135
s-.-g f-c cotKC^tration o: •_-.!; a;t:\e ing:eC:e"t g
Cor^isis of CoUcs Ii600Z. «^600^
••Consists o: Codes 005102.005104 Gl'P-
-------
Table 29. Outdoors Pesticide Usage1 by Type of Pest,
Principal Outdoor Pest and Active Ingredient (Continued):
1993 C/CPAS Results for the Five Non-agricultural Certified/Commercial
Pesticide Applicator Categories2
Page 7 of:
Principal Outdoor
Type of Pest Per' Active Ingredients (All Name
MANCOZEB
THIOPHANATE-METHYL
Aquatic Pests Algae COPPER TRIETHANOLAMINE COMPLEX
MANCOZEB
SIMAZtNE
Standard
Al Pounds lAli Error
Code Name (000)
014504 1C 6
10:M: ft 3
0:4403 38 19
014504 3~ \S
08080" 6 5
Aquatic Wetds-Subnwrgol
ATRAZINE
ESDOTHALL. DIPOTASS1UM SALT
CLYPHOSATE. SALT
032:0!
038904
103601
54
41
6
•Restricted L'se Pesticide !RL"P> Note tfiai some A.h are in boch RL'Pand pencfaj use products, for example. 2.4-B anc pidoran
•So-jrce cjestions QlZ. Q\*. 0- - Qi~d and Q.~:"!$*e Appends AJ Reponed product au-nounts <*ere convencc to pouncs of ic;:ve i-greCicn; us;np xn« concentrauofi of i^e acE^e
EPA s Product UabeS Fue iocaicd en the EPA ma:nrraTne computer ;n Rtsearcrt Triangle Park. N.C.
:lncMcs cur;' and ornamental, right-qf-way; iquauc, (nduscria.. irituuuonai, structural and health-relited; and public health.
'Includes pcsy, *rj) 21 least 500 pounds toui AU and at leas; }Q observances
•ConiiS'^ or Codes 103601. 1036C" 'Coruists of Codes 030019. 030035. 050063 'GU'P' Cc.-jiits c: Codes 31600: 11
"Co«Btt o: Cooe* 030019. 030C'35. 030063 i
'Consuls of Codes 005102. 005101 fRUP>
136
i" Codes 005102. 005IO-* -GL'Pi
-------
Appendix A
C\CPAS Questionnaire
137
-------
Appendix A contains a modified version of the 1993 Certified/Commercial Pesticide
Applicator Survey (C/CPAS) questionnaire. For simplicity, we included only the first
pesticide table in this appendix. The remaining 19 pesticide tables, that appear on pages 6
through 24 of the questionnaire, are identical to the first.
138
-------
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L RODENTICIDES ARE REPORTED. ASK:
WHENAL
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registered pro
1
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K QUESTIONS t
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H PRODU*
O
5
a:
£
143
-------
PESTICIDE TABLE 1
1 6a. Is this the amount of the concentrated, ready-to-use, or the diluted product?
CONCENTRATED/READY-TO-USE 1 -» (GO TO 0. 17a)
12. PRODUCT NAME AS IT APPEARS ON THE LABEL.
2
does this amount represent?
£
S"
e>
UllUlhQ.
16b. What dlfutt
k at Card A and tell me the code for the formula-
of this product.
II
pi
%
ne the code for the site where [PRODUCT] was applied
equently. RECORD IN COLUMN A.
m|
L_LJ.
17a, Using Card
(most/next
LJ
IFCODE=30, THEN ASK THE RESPONDENT TO
SPECIFY THE FORMULATION.
«
17b. What percent of the total product amount was used on this site?
RECORD IN COLUMN B.
17c. Of the [TOTAL %] used on [SfTE], what percent was used Indoors?
RECORD IN COLUMN C.
17d. Of the [TOTAL %] used on [SITE], what percent was used outdoors?
RECORD IN COLUMN D.
1 4. What Is the EPA Registration Number for
{PRODUCT]?
EPA REG. NO.
IF NOT AVAILABLE, ENTER "DK" ABOVE AND ASK:
a. Who Is the manufacturer of [PRODUCT]?
1 7e. What was the most common target pest for the Indoor site? RECORD IN COLUMN E.
171. What was the most common target pest for the outdoor site? RECORD IN COLUMN F.
b. What Is the percent of active Ingredient for
this product? // more than one A . I,
Enter Name:
I
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c. What Is the brand name of this product?
•
1 5. What was the total amount of [PRODUCT] applied by
(you/your business) during 1993?
i
n
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jo or
0 O
GALLONS 3
POUNDS 4
OTHER /SPECIFY ) 5
144
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CARDB
SITE TREATED CODES - QUESTIONNAIRE
RESIDENTIAL - Permanent single and multi-family housing.
Examples: Single family homes, mobile homes, apartments, condominiums, retirement
homes, common areas between buildings, vegetable gardens.
RECREATION AREAS - Private and public recreation areas located both indoors
and outdoors.
Examples: Domed stadiums, athletic clubs, golf courses, ball fields, school
playgrounds/recreational areas, etc.
MEDICAL - Medical facilities and public health services.
Examples: Hospitals, doctor's offices, nursing homes, health departments, etc.
PUBLIC/PRIVATE SANITATION AND UTILnTES
Examples: Government water treatment and sewage facilities. Electric, telephone, gas,
and water utility right of ways.
COMMERCIAL OFFICE/RETAIL BUSINESS/PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Examples: Office buildings/retail businesses like banks, restaurants, hotels, convenience
stores, etc. Public buildings including police departments, fire stations, community
centers, courthouses, post offices, libraries, schools, prisons, etc.
COMMERCIAL WHOLESALE/MANUFACTURING BUSINESS
Examples: Furniture factory, potato chip factory, pharmaceutical company, etc. Includes
commodity/food storage areas, transport vehicles, and facilities.
COMMERCIAL - INDETERMINATE
AGRICULTURAL
Examples: Field crops, livestock farms, fruit and nut orchards, seed crops, vegetables,
shellfish production, bees, and forest products.
OTHER
DEFINITION FOR INDOOR/OUTDOOR APPLICATIONS
1INDOOR For the purposes of this study we have defined indoor applications to include all
living space and unoccupied areas such as basements, crawl spaces, and garages.
OUTDOOR Except as noted above.
147
-------
Appendix B
mmm^mm
List of Complete Active Ingredient
Names
148
-------
Complete Active Ingredient Names Ordered by Active Ingredient Code
AI
Code Active Ingredient (AO Name
000701 ACROLEIN
004003 D-TRANS-ALLETHRIN
004004 S-BIOALLETHRIN
004401 AMITROLE
004901 MUSTARD OIL
005102 P1CLORAM, SALT
005103 PICLORAM, ISOOCTYL ESTER
005501 AMMONIUM SYLFAMATE
006310 STREPTOMYCIN SESQUISULFATE
006315 HALOBROM
006321 CALCIUM OXYTETRACYCL1NE
006400 BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS, BERLINER
006401 BACILLUS TKURINGIENSIS, ISRAELENSIS
006402 BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS, KURSTAKI
006601 ESPESOL 3A
007001 ARSENIC TRIOXIDE
008101 BASIC COPPER SULFATE
008102 BASIC COPPER II! - ZINC SULFATE COMPLEX
008711 TRIMETHYL8ENZYL AMMONIUM RESIN
009001 LINDANE
009801 BENSULIOE
010501 DICOFOL
011001 BORIC ACID
011102 BORAX
011103 DiSODIUM OCTASORATE TETRAHYDRATE
011104 SODIUM METABORATE
011107 D:SODIOH OCTABORATE TETRAHYDRATE
011402 POLYBUTENE
011403 POLYIS06UTYLENE
011501 BUTOXYETHANOL
011901 BUTOXYPOLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL
012301 BROMACIL
012302 BROMACIL, LITHIUM SALT
012501 CACODYLIC ACID
012502 CACODYLIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
312701 TERBAC1L
013505 SODIUM ARSENATE
013802 DSMA
013803 MSMA
013804 OAMA
013805 DDAMA
013806 CAMA
014503 NABAH
014504 MANCOZE6
014505 MANEB
2 Consists of AI codes 030001,030019,030035,030063
3 Consists of AI codes 103604,103601
- Cons-sts of AI codes 005102,005104
5 Consists of AI codes 116002,116004
149
-------
Complete Active Ingredient Names Ordered by Active Ingredient Code
AI
Code Active Ingredient (AI) Name
014701 CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE
014703 SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
018101 CHLORMEQUAT CHLORIDE
021901 CITRONELLA OILS
022703 COPPER AMMONIUM CARBONATE
023102 COPPER NAPHTENATE
023104 COPPER RESONATE
023304 COPPER OLEATE
023401 COPPER HYDROXIDE
0235Q3 COPPER OXYCHLOR1DE SULFATE
024002 OXINE-COPPER
024401 COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE
024403 COPPER TRIETHANOLAMINE COMPLEX
024405 CHELATES OF COPPER GLUCONATE
024407 COPPER ETHYLENED1AMINE COMPLEX
025003 COAL TAR CRESOTE OILS
025004 COAL TAR CREOSOTE
025601 COPPER<1) OXIDE
027301 CHLORONEB
027401 DICHLOBENIL
027501 DIENOCHLOR
028501 HYDANTOiN
028902 SODIUM DALAPON
029801 DICAMBA
029802 OICAMBA, DIMETHYLAMIME SALT
029803 DICAMBA, D1ETHAHOLAHINE SALT
029806 DICAMBA, SODIUM SALT
030016 ACETIC ACID, <2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY)-, COM
030019 2,4-D
030025 ACETIC ACID
030029 ACETIC ACID
030033 ACETIC ACID
030034 ACETIC ACID
030053 ACETIC ACID, (2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY)-, 2-B
030064 2-ETHYL-4-METHYLPENTYL 2,<*-DICHL
030501 MCPA
030502 MCPA. SODIUM SALT
030511 MCPA, DISTHANOLAMINE SALT
030516 MCPA, D1METHYLAMINE SALT
030553 MCPA, BUTOXYETHYL ESTER
030563 MCPA, 1SOOCTYL ESTER
031401 DICHLORPROP
031419 PROPANOIC ACID, 2-(2,4-DICHLORQPHENOXY)-
031453 PROPANOIC ACID, 2-(2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY>-
031463 PROPANOIC ACID, 2-{2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY>-
2 Consists of AI codes 030001,030019,030035,030063
3 Consists of AI codes 103604,103601
4 Consists of AI codes 005102,005104
5 Consists of AI codes 116002,116004
150
-------
Complete Active Ingredient Names Ordered by Active ingredient Code
Al
Code Active Ingredient (AI) Name
031501 MECOPROP
031503 POTASSIUM 2-(2-METHYL-4-CHLOROPHENOXY)PROPIONATE
031516 PROPANOIC ACID
031519 PROPANOIC ACID, 2-(4-CHLORO-2-METHY_PHEN
031563 PROPANOIC ACID
031602 COTTONSEED OIL
031605 SOYBEAN OIL
031801 AMMONIUM SALTS OF C8-C18 AND CIS' FATTY ACIDS
032201 ATRAZINE
032501 DISULFOTON
034001 METHOXYCHLOR
034401 NALED
034801 FERRIC DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE
034804 SODIUM DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE
034805 ZINC DIMETHYLIDITHIOCARBAMATE
034902 FERRIC StfLFATE
035001 DIMETHOATE
035101 DAM1NOZIDE
035201 DICROTOPHOS
035302 BROMOXYNIL OCTANOATE
035303 BROMOXYNIL BUTYRATE
035503 FLUOMETURON
035505 DIURON
035506 LINURON
035509 SIDURON
035602 DAZOMET
035603 2-CTHIOCYANOMETHYLTHIO) BENZOTHIAZOLE
036101 TRIFLURALIN
036201 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL
037801 OIOXATHION
038903 ENDOTHALL, DI SOD I DM SALT
038904 ENDOTHALL, DIPOTASSIUH SALT
038905 ENDOTHALL, MONO(N,N-D WETHYLCOCOAMHE) SALT
035002 POTASSIUM N-METHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE
039003 METAM-SODIUM
039105 COPPER ETHYLENEDIAM1NETETRAACETATE
040502 LEMONGRASS OIL
040517 ORANGE OIL
041101 ETHOPROP
041401 EPTC
041405 BUTYLATE
041701 FONOFOS
042003 EDC
042203 ETHYLENE GLYCOL
042301 ETHYLENE OXIDE
2 Consists of AI codes 030001,030019,030035,030063
3 Consists of AI codes 103604,103601
4 Consists of AI codes 005102,005104
5 Consists of AI codes 116002,116004
151
-------
Complete Active Ingredient Names Ordered by Active Ingredient Code
At
Code Active Ingredient (AI) Name
043801 G1BBERELLIC ACID
044301 DODINE
044901 HEXACKLOROPHENE
045901 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
046701 IBA
046903 NONYLPHENOXYPOLYETHOXYETHANOL - IODINE COMPLEX
046904 POLYETHOXYPOLYPROPOXYETHANOL - iODINE COMPLEX
047201 DIPROPYL ISOCINCHOMERONATE
047802 PROPOXUR
050507 FERROUS SULFATE MONOHYDRATE
051503 MALEIC HYDRAZIDE, POTASSIUM SALT
052001 MERCURIC CHLORIDE
052201 MERCUROUS CHLORIDE
053001 METALDEHYDE
053201 METHYL BROMIDE
053301 FENTHIOIT
053501 METHYL PARATHION
054101 CHINOMETH10NATE
055801 NAPHTHALENE
056001 NAD
056002 NAA
056004 AMMONIUM 1-NAPHTHALENEACETATE
056007 SODIUM 1-NAPHTHALENEACETATE
056502 PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE
056702 NICOTINE
056801 CARBARYL
057001 N-OCTYL BICYCLOHEPTENEDICARBOXIMIDE
057201 PHORATE
0575C1 PARATHION
057701 MALATHION
057801 OIAZINON
057901 TRICHLORFON
058001 AZINPHOS-METHYL
058102 CARBOPHENOTH10N
058201 CKLORDANE
058401 ETHION
058702 OXYOEMETON-METHYL
058802 SODIUM 5-CHLORO-2-(4-CHLORO-2-(3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL
059001 TEMEPHOS
059101 CHLORPYRIFOS
059102 CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL
059201 PHOSMET
060102 THIABENDAZOLE HYPOPHOSPHITE
061601 PARAQUAT BICHLORIDE
062201 2-BENZYL-4-CHLOROPHENOI
2 Consists of AI codes 030001,030019,030035,030063
3 Consists of AI codes 103604,103601
4 Consists of AI codes 005102,005104
5 Consists of AI codes 116002,116004
152
-------
Complete Active Ingredient Names Ordered by Active Ingredient Cade
AI
Code Active Ingredient (AI) Name
063001 PCP
063301 DISOOIUM CYANODITHIOIMIDOCARBONATE
063501 KEROSENE
063502 MINERAL OIL - INCLUDES PARAFFIN OIL FROM 063503
064103 0-PKENYLPHENOL
066003 PHENYLMERCURIC ACETATE
066501 ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE
066504 MAGNESIUM PHOSPHIDE
067002 PINE OIL
067501 PIPERONYL BUTOXIOE
067701 DIPHACINONE
067703 PINDONE
067704 PINDONE SODIUM SALT
067705 DIPHACINONE, SODIUM SALT
067706 CALCIUM 2-ISOVALERYL-1,3-INDANDIONE
067707 CHLOROPHACINONE
068102 METHYLENEBIS(THIOCYANATE)
068103 METHYL MUSTARD OIL
068302 POTASSIUM DICHROMATE
068501 POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
068603 PROPYLENE GLYCOL
069001 PYRETHRINS
069003 TETRAMETHRIN
069005 PHENOTHR1N
069104 ALKYL* DIMETHYL BENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
069105 ALKY*D1METHYL ETHYLBENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE*<505iCl4,40%C12,105X16}
069106 QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, ALKYLBENZ
069111 ALKY*DIMETHYL ETHYLBENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
069141 QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, BENZYL-Cl
069149 1-DECANAM1NIUM, N-DECYL-N,N-DIMETHYL-, C
069154 ALKY*DIMETHYL ETHYLBENZYL AMMONIUM CHLOR1DE*(68% C12)
069165 1-DECANAMINIUM, N.N-DIMETHYL-N-OCTYL-.. C
069166 1-OCTANAMINIUM, N.N-DIMETHYL-N-OCTYL-, C
069183 POLYCOXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL(DIMETHYLIMINO)-1
069189 QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, BENZYL-C1
069201 AMINOPYRIDINE
071003 ROTENONE
071004 CUBE RESINS OTHER THAN ROTENONE
072602 SILICA GEL
072605 SILICON DIOXIDE
073301 SODIUM CHLORATE
075202 SODIUM FLUORIDE
076103 POTASSIUM NITRATE
076601 METHYL SALICYLATE
076702 CALCIUM POLYSULFIDE
2 Consists of AI codes 030001,030019,030035,030063
3 Consists of AI codes 103604,103601
4 Consists of Ai codes 005102,005104
5 Consists of A! codes 116002,116004
153
-------
Complete Active Ingredient Names Ordered by Active Ingredient Code
AI
Code Active Ingredient (AI) Name
076901 STRYCHNINE
077401 NICLOSAMIDE
077501 SULFUR
077901 SULFAQUINOXALINE
078003 SULFURYL FLUORIDE
078701 CHLORTHAL DIMETHYL
078802 TRIALLATE
079021 POTASSIUM SOAPS OF FATTY ACIDS
079401 ENOOSULFAN
079501 SULFOTEPP
079701 D1PENTENE
079801 THIRAM
080301 DIETHYL TOLLtAMIDE
080402 THYMOL
080501 TOXAPHENE
080801 AMETRYN
080803 ATRAZINE
080804 PROHETON
080807 SIMAZINE
080811 ANILAZINE
081201 TRICHLOROETHANE
081301 CAPTAN
081501 CHLOROPICRIN
081901 CHLOROTHALONIL
082001 2,4,5-T
083001 TRIBUTYLTIN OXIDE
083112 TRIBUTYLTIN FLUORIDE
083120 TRIBUTYLTJN METHACRYLATE
083701 TETRACHLORVINPHOS
083902 TRIS{HYDROXYMETHYL)NITROMETHANE
084001 DICHLORVOS
084301 BENFLURALIN
084701 ETRIDIAZOLE
086002 WARFARIN
086003 SODIUM WARFARIN
087801 ZINC CHLORIDE
088301 ZINC NAPHTHENATE
088601 ZINC PHOSPHIDE (ZN3P2)
090202 OXYCARBOXIN
090301 METHOMYL
090501 ALACHLOR
090601 CARBOFURAN
097003 PIPERAL1N
097801 RESMETHR1N
Q983Q1 ALDICARB
2 Consists of AI codes 030001 ,.030019,030035,030063
3 Consists of AI codes 103604,103601
4 Consists of At codes 005102,005104
5 Consists of AI codes 116002,116004
154
-------
Complete Active Ingredient Names Ordered by Active Ingredient Code
AI
Code Active Ingredient (AJ) Hams
098801 CHLORFLURENOL, METHYL ESTER
098901 BENZ1SOTHIAZOL1N-3-ONE
099101 BENOMYL
099801 ETHEPHON
100101 2-CHLORO-4-((1-CYANO-1-METHYLETHYL)AMlNO>-6-(ETHYLAMINO)-S-TRlAZtNE
100501 METHIOCARB
100601 FENAMIPHOS
101101 METRIBUZIN
101201 METHAMIOOPHOS
101701 PROPYZAMIDE
101801 DIBROMO-3-NITR1LOPROPIONAMIDE
102001 THIOPHANATE-METHYL
103001 NAPROPAMIDE
103201 MUSCALURE
103301 ACEPHATE
103401 THIOPHANATE
103601 GLYPHOSATE, SALT
103801 OXAHYL
103901 SODIUM BENTAZON
104201 ORYZALIN
104601 FENBUTATIN-OXIDE
105001 TERBUFOS
t05101 EGG SOLIDS
105201 BEND10CARB
105401 METHOPRENE
105402 S-METHOPRENE
105501 TEBUTHIUROH
105801 NORfLURAZON
105901 FEN1TROTH10N
106701 FOSAMINE AMMONIUM
106902 SODIUM ASULAH
107103 3(2H)-ISOTHIAZOLONE, 5-CHLORO-2-METHYL-
107104 HETHYLISOTHIA20L1NONE
107E01 HEXAZ1NONE
107502 2-PROPYNL(S-(E,E))
107901 TRJFOR1HE
"08201 DIFLUBEMZURON
'08501 PENDIHETHALIN
'08601 ANCYMIDOUA-CYCLOPROPYL-A-(P-METHOXYPHENYL)-5-PY
-------
Complete Active Ingredient Names Ordered by Active Ingredient Code
AI
Code Active Ingredient (AI) Name
109601 DIKEGULAC SODIUM
109701 PERMETHRIN, MIXED CIS,TRANS
109702 CYPERMETHRIN
109801 IPRODIONE
109901 TRIAD1MEFON
110201 PRODIAMINE
110301 ERIOGLAUCINE
110302 TARTRAZINE
110401 DOOEHORPH ACETATE
110601 ETHOFUMESATE
110902 DICLOFOP-METHYL
111401 PROFENOFOS
111601 OXYFLUORFEN
112001 3-<3-<4'BROMO-(1,1'BJPHENYl)-4-YL)-3-HYDROXY-1-PHENYLPROPL)-4-HYDROXYCOUMARlN
112602 TRINEXAPAC-ETHYL
112701 BRODIFACOUH
112802 BROMETHALIN
112900 FLURIDONE
113201 VINCLOZOLIN
113501 METALAXYL
113601 PROPETAHPHOS
114002 MEFLUIDIDE, OIETHANOLAMINE SALT
114402 SODIUM ACIFLUORFEN
114501 THIODICARB
115001 2-EEEBC
116001 TRICLOPYR
116004 TRICLOPYR
116801 CYTOK1N1N (AS
-------
Complete Active Ingredient Names Ordered by Active Ingredient Code
AI
Code Active Ingredient CA!) Name
124601 POE ISOOCTADECANOL
125301 FENOXYCARB
125401 CLOMAZONE
125601 PACLOBUTRAZOL
125701 FlURPRIMIDOL
125851 ISOXABEN
126901 ISA20FOS
127901 FENPROPATHRIN
128001 AHIDOCHLOR
128501 SULFOSATE
128701 FENOXAPROP-ETKYL
128711 QUIZALOFOP-ETHYL
128825 BIFENTHR1N
128826 D1CHLORO-5-ETHYL-5-METHYLHYDANTOIN
128829 IHAZAPYR, ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT
128831 CYFLUTHRIN
128838 LINALOOL
128840 1MAZAQUIN, MONOAMMONIUM SALT
128845 THIFENSULFURON HETHYL
128857 MYCIOBUTANII
128867 CYHALOTHRIN
128872 CARBENDAZIM
128879 TRIFLUMIZOLE
128887 TRI8ENURON HETHYL
128897 LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN
128901 CHLORIMURON-ETHYL
128923 1MAZETHAPYR, AMMONIUM SALT
128931 DJCAMBA, D1GLYCOAMINE SALT
128946 BACILLUS THURINGIENS1S, SAN DIEGO
128966 (7S)-HYDROPR£NE
128975 FLUTOLANIL
128992 OCTANESULFONAMIDE, N-ETHYL-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7
128994 DITHIOPYR
129008 NICOSULFURON
129029 BERGAMOT OIL
129030 ALPHA-IONONE
129045 BENZYLDIETHYL METHYL
129056 METARHIZIUM ANISOPLiAE STRAIN ESF1
202901 CHOLECALCIFEROL
206600 FENARIMOL
208700 CHOLECALCIFEROL
417300 GLYPHOSATE
*8630Q HYDROPRENE
597501 TRANS-3,7-OIMETHYL-2,6-OCTAD!Ek-1-OL
2 Consists of At codes 030001,030019,030035,030063
3 Consists of AI codes 103604,103601
4 Consists of AI codes 005102,005104
5 Consists of AI codes 116002,116004
157
-------
Appendix C
Expanded Versions of Table 12.
Table 12a. Not-for-hire Certified Applicators
Pesticide Usage by Employer's Business Type,
Pesticide Type, and Active Ingredient
Table 12b. For-hire Applicator Pesticide Usage by
Pesticide Type and Active Ingredient
158
-------
Appendix C contains two detailed versions of Table 12. Detailed Table 12a describes
non-agricultural pesticide usage by not-for-hire certified applicators in the U.S. during 1993 by
type of business of their employer, pesticide type, and active ingredient. Detailed Table 12b
contains non-agricultural pesticide usage by for-hire applicators in the U.S. during 1993 by
pesticide type and active ingredient.
159
-------
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Appendix D
••••
Expanded Version of Table 13.
Pesticide Usage by Active Ingredient
192
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Appendix D contains three uncensored versions of Table 13. The tables, which focus
on non-agricultural pesticide usage by certified/commercial applicators in U.S. during 1993,
list all active ingredients with positive nonagricultural pesticide usage (in pounds) reported in
the C/CPAS survey. The active ingredients in Table 13A are listed from maximum to
minimum usage estimates, Table 13B displays the data in numeric order by active ingredient
code, and Table 13C provides an alphabetic listing by active ingredient name.
As in Table 13, usage estimates were computed from the source questions Q12. Q14,
and Q15 for five certification areas (turf and ornamental; right-of way; aquatic; industrial.
institutional, structural and health-related; and public health). Furthermore, it should be noted
that some products, such as 2-4,D and picloram, are contained in both restricted use (RUP)
and general use pesticides.
193
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Appendix E
mmmm
Expanded Version of Table 14.
Pesticide Usage by Pesticide Type
and Active Ingredient
236
-------
Appendix E contains an uncensored version of Table 14. The table, which focuses on
non-agricultural pesticide usage by certified/commercial applicators in U.S. during 1993, list
all active ingredients with positive nonagricultural pesticide usage (in pounds) reported in the
C/CPAS survey by type of pesticide.
As in Table 14, usage estimates were computed from the source questions Q12. Q14.
and Q15 for five certification areas (turf and ornamental; right-of way; aquatic; industrial.
institutional, structural and health-related; and public health). Furthermore, it should be noted
that some products, such as 2-4.D and picloram. are contained in both restricted use (RUP)
and general use pesticides.
237
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250
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Appendix F
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Expanded Version of Table 15.
Restricted Product Pesticide Usage
by Active Ingredient
251
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Appendix F contains an uncensored version of Ta"ble 15. The table, which focuses on
non-agricultural restricted use product usage by certified/commercial applicators in U.S.
during 1993. list all active ingredients contained in restricted use products with positive
nonagricultural pesticide usage (in pounds) reported in the C/CPAS survey.
As in Table 15. usage estimates were computed from the source questions Q12. Q14,
and Q15 for five certification areas (turf and ornamental; right-of way; aquatic; industrial.
institutional, structural and health-related; and public health). Furthermore, it should be noted
that some products, such as 2-4,D and picloram. are contained in both restricted use (RUP)
and general use pesticides and thus are listed in this table.
252
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Glossary
Selected C/CPAS Terms and
Definitions
255
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Glossary of Selected
C/CPAS Terms and Their Definitions
C/CPAS — is an acronym for the Certified/Commercial Pesticide Applicator Survey
Certified/Commercial applicator — is an individual who has been certified by at least one State
to apply restricted-use pesticides on their own property, the property of their employer, or
on the property of others for a fee.
Eligible population -- of the C/CPAS was all pesticide applicators employed by businesses
licensed to apply pesticides to the non-agricultural sites as well as all persons certified to
apply restricted-use pesticides to non-agricultural sites in the 48 coterminous states and the
District of Columbia.
For-hire pesticide application business — is a business licensed or registered by a state to apply
pesticides, either restricted or not restricted, to the property of others for a fee A for-hire
business is a cluster or group of pesticide applicators.
For-hire pesticide applicator — is a employee of a for-hire pesticide application business. For-
hire applicators may be certified or not certified.
Non-agricultural sites — are sites that are included under the five non-agricultural certification
categories:
Turf and ornamental pest control
Right-of-way pest control
Aquatic pest control
Industrial, institutional, structural, and health related pest control
Public health pest control
Not-for-hire certified applicator - is a certified applicator that is not employed by a for-hire
businesses.
Reporting unit — is the entity for which the collected data applies. A reporting unit may be one or
the union of more than one sampling units. If a reporting unit is more than one sampling
unit, all sampling units included in the reporting unit were identified so that the data for the
reporting unit can be properly weighted to produce unbiased estimates
Sampling unit — is the entity represented by one record on the sampling frame. The first stage
sampling units was a county or group of smaller counties The second-stage sampling units
were for-hire pesticide application business location or not-for-hire certified applicators.
256
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