Third Report on the Remedial Action to Isolate DDT from
           People and the Environment in the Huntsville Spring
            Branch-Indian Creek System, in Wheeler Reservoir,
                    Alabama.  Volume 2. Appendices
EPA
750/
1990.3
v.2
            Published by
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
         Washington, D.C.
          September, 2000

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o

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V
'
           Third Report
      on the Remedial Action
           to Isolate DDT
from People and the Environment
 in the Huntsville Spring Branch-
       Indian Creek System
    in Wheeler Reservoir, Alabama

         Volume 2. Appendices
              Review Panel Activities to Administer the
           United States v. Olin Corporation Consent Decree
                    July 1, 1990-April 23, 1999

                        Volume 2 of two volumes
                           Published by
                   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                         Washington, B.C.
                          September, 2000

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f

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)	

                              Chairman's Letter

      This third report of Review Panel Activities, United States v. Olin
Corporation Consent Decree, July 1, 1990 - April 23, 1999 reflects significant
progress in reducing DDTR levels in fish, water, and sediments. Although the
performance standard has not yet been achieved for all fish, there are numerous
indicators that the Remedial Action continues to reduce DDT exposure to people
and the environment.

      This report and appendices (in separate volumes) mark the transition from
planning and constructing a remedy to monitoring changes. In order to fairly
evaluate that change, this report has included all of the post-construction
monitoring (1988-1997) and summaries of earlier decisions by the Review Panel.
The report summarizes RP activities which assure that: data are valid and accurate
for use in evaluating the remedy, sampling is representative of environmental
conditions, and the remedy is operating as anticipated.

      This report also marks another important transition. On November 2, 1996,
Ms. Anne Asbell, second chair of the Review Panel, lost her battle with cancer.  Ms.
Asbell was more than a thoughtful and tireless leader. She was a teacher and
colleague, who challenged everyone associated with this project to apply their best
talents, collaboratively, to achieve solutions to tough problems.  She also reached
out with empathy to the communities affected by this and other environmental
problems in order to understand their needs and concerns.

      Again in this phase of the project, the RP has demonstrated the power of
collaboration among federal, local, and state governments and industry to achieve
environmental benefits.

      As the new chair, I am heartened by our progress and the continuing
commitment of the Review Panel and Olin to achieve a successful resolution of the
DDT contamination  of the Huntsville Spring Branch-Indian Creek system. I am
confident that we will succeed.

                                   Sincerely,
                                   Edward S. Bender, Ph.D.
                                   Chair, Review Panel
                                   (202) 564-6483

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDTRemedial Action (3rd Report)
                      Introduction to Volume 2
            On May 31, 1983, U.S. District Court Judge Robert B. Propst entered,
as part of an order settling litigation against Olin Corporation, a Consent Decree
(CD) governing remedial action for DDTR contamination in the Huntsville Spring
Branch-Indian Creek (HSB-IC) system.  The CD requires Olin to develop and
implement a plan consistent with the goals and objectives of the CD to meet a
performance standard of 5 parts per million (ppm) DDTR in filets of channel catfish,
largemouth bass, and smallmouth buffalo in specified reaches of the HSB-IC
system.

      The CD established a Review Panel (RP) with voting members from the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), Department of the Army (DOA), and Alabama
Department of Environmental Management (ADEM), and non-voting participants
from Triana, Alabama (Triana) and Olin Corporation (Olin). This volume contains
documents that are pertinent to the Review Panel activities during the period July
1990 - April 23, 1999.

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DPTRemedial Action (3rd Report)
                         Appendices (Volume 2)

                             Table of Contents

Appendix A. Project Chronology	A-2

Appendix B. Consent Decree and Joint Technical Proposal	 B-l

Appendix C. Review Panel Membership  	 C-l

Appendix D. Inspection Committee Letter  	 D-l

Appendix E. Olin Reports Submitted to the Review Panel	E-l

Appendix F. Decision Document No. 8, Groundwater Monitoring,
      December 6,  1990	F-l

Appendix G. Decision Document No. 9, Process for Review of Monitoring Data and
      Olin Notification of Compliance by the Technical Committee,
      January 23, 1992	G-l

Appendix H. Decision Document No. 10, Process for Review of Olin's Notifications
      of Continued Attainment by the Technical Committee with three appendices
      Finding Continued Attainment for Largemouth Bass for Reaches A, B, and
      C, various dates	H-l

Appendix I. Decision Document No. 11, Extension of Time for Meeting the
      Performance  Standard for Channel Catfish and Smallmouth Buffalo,
      December 5,  1998	M

Appendix J.  Joint Petition for Modification of Schedule to Meet Consent Decree
      Performance  Standards and Court Order Approving Schedule	J-l

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
Appendix A. Project Chronology

For period May 31, 1983 through April 23, 1999

May 31, 1983           Court approved Consent Decree for US vs Olin Corp

June 14,  1983           Review Panel established.
January 26, 1984

June 1, 1984

July 14, 1984


August 31, 1984


January 2,1985


February 5, 1985



July 1, 1985
July 17, 1985
Review Panel adopted operating procedures.

Olin submitted remedial action plan to RP.

Public Meeting, Triana, AL, to receive comments on Olin's
Proposed Remedial Action Plan.

RP issued first decision document approving Olin's
Proposed Remedial Action Plan with modifications.

USAGE Nashville District initiated Environmental
Impact Statement Public Scoping Process.

Olin submitted draft permit applications to RP and
permitting agencies (USAGE, USFWS, TVA, Alabama,
and EPA).

Olin submitted: 1) final engineering drawings and
specifications and environmental analysis report;  2)
permit applications to USAGE Nashville District, TVA,
and US FWS; and 3) report on field and laboratory
investigations of the Huntsville Spring Branch-Indian
Creek (HSB-IC) system to the RP.

USAGE Nashville District issued notice of availability of
draft EIS for permitting activities.
                                   A-2

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
August 1, 1985



December 2, 1985



January 11, 1986



January 28, 1986



February 21, 1986

March 1, 1986



March 24, 1986

March 25, 1986


March 31, 1986

April 1, 1986


April 23, 1986
Olin submitted to the RP: 1) remedial action alternatives
report for Lower Reach A (LRA) and 2) interim goals
report.

Department of Army (DA) issued license to Olin for
remedial action construction activities on Redstone
Arsenal.

Olin submitted revised permit applications and detailed
engineering plans to RP, USAGE Nashville District, TVA,
and USFWS.

USFWS issued limited authorization to begin site
preparation and mobilization within the boundaries of
Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge (WNWR).

Final EIS issued by the USAGE Nashville District.

Olin submitted special reports: baseline conditions for
water and fish; substitute fish species; long-term data
acquisition  program (revised); and interim goals.

Close of public comment period on final EIS.

Alabama Department of Environmental Management
(AD EM) issued 401(a) certification.

Applicable permits issued to Olin.

USFWS issued permit and construction began on Upper
Reach A (URA).

Groundbreaking Ceremony for URA.
                                   A-3

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Review Panel Activities HSE8-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
July 2-8, 1986


July 16, 1986


September 15,1986


October 1, 1986


October 2, 1986


October 21, 1986



October 28, 1986
November 18, 1986


November 21,1986

November 28, 1986


December 1, 1986
RP approved and regulatory agencies modified permits for
relocation of the northern diversion ditch in URA.

HSB diverted to new channel in URA (salient cut opened
June 11 and oxbow cut opened July 16).

Olin submitted preliminary applications for permits on
Lower Reach A (LRA).

USAGE issued public notice of remedial action proposal
for LRA.

Olin, with RP concurrence, committed to start
construction in LRA by December 1, 1986.

Olin issued proposed engineering drawings for the
remedial action in LRA, highlighting areas where
construction activities were proposed prior to December 1.

RP held public meeting at Triana concerning the remedial
action for LRA and RP issued Decision Document 2,
baseline data, substitute species, and interim goals for
fish and water.
                                                 i
AD EM issued 401 (a) certification for remedial action in
LRA.

USFWS issued permit for remedial action in LRA.

TVA and USAGE issued permits for remedial action in
LRA.

Construction mobilization began for remedial action in
LRA.
                                   A-4

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
December 9, 1986


January 18, 1987


February 16, 1987


March 18,1987

April 16, 1987


May 20, 1987


May 20, 1987


July 22, 1987


July 22, 1987


August 19, 1987



September 14,  1987
RP issued Decision Document 3, remedial action plan to
isolate DDTR in LRA and full construction began in LRA.

Construction of diversion structure No. 4 in LRA
completed to elevation 558.

Mechanical excavation of bottom sediments between
HSBM 3.4 and 4.0 in LRA completed.

HSB diverted to new channel in LRA.

RP issued Decision Document 4, report on DDTR in
Reaches B and C of the HSB-IC system.

Revised plan submitted to RP for demobilization following
completion of construction in URA and LRA.

Eight-foot alligator captured in LRA and relocated with
USFWS assistance.

Major construction activities completed; ceremony held at
remedial action site.

RP issued Decision Document 5, substitute species for
largemouth bass.

USAGE Nashville District, issued report of interagency
regulatory committee inspection conducted August 3,
1987; no major deficiencies of permit conditions identified.

RP inspection committee (including representatives of all
agencies) issued report of August 27 inspection to RP
Chair certifying the "as built" remedial action for URA
and LRA meets or exceeds requirements of the decision
documents 1 and 3, plans and specifications approved by
the RP.
                                    A-5

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Review Panel Activities HSIMC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
October 14, 1987
October 15, 1987
December 3, 1987
December 3, 1987
January 1, 1988
February 9, 1989
RP Chair transmitted to Olin his concurrence with the
interagency regulatory inspection committee and the RP
inspection committee certification; requested Olin to
submit for a approval a proposed date for completion of
construction and start of the long-term monitoring
program.

Olin transmitted letter to RP Chair proposing January 1,
1988 as the date for the "designated event" signifying
completion of construction and implementation of the
remedy as required by Decision Document 3 and CD,
paragraph 52(j).

RP approved January 1, 1988 as completion of
construction and start of long-term monitoring period;
issued Decision Document 6, long-term monitoring
program for the remedial action in the HSB-IC system.

Howard Zeller announced his resignation as Chair of the
RP, effective December 31, 1987; Anne Asbell appointed
RP Chair effective January 1, 1988; Anne Asbell
requested continuation of the technical committee and
inspection committee. RP adopted a semiannual meeting
schedule in lieu of the quarterly meeting schedule held
through December 3, 1987.

Anne Asbell became RP Chair.  Official completion of
construction and beginning of the initial remedy as
required by the Decision Document 3 and CD, paragraph
52fj).

Olin requested change in the due date for the long-term
monitoring reports from March 1 to April 15 of each
report year.
                                   A-6

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
February 22, 1989


April 14, 1989

June 13, 1989


June 14, 1989



November 21, 1989



December 7,1989


April 15, 1990

June 11, 1990


June 13, 1990


June 14, 1990
June 25, 1990
RP informally concurred with requested change in due
date for the long-term monitoring report.

Olin submitted long-term monitoring report 1.

Technical Committee, Inspection Committee, and RP
jointly inspected remedial action project.

RP requested Olin and EPA jointly propose data
validation procedures for the long-term monitoring
program.

Olin and EPA proposed long-term monitoring program
data validation; Olin proposed optimum number offish to
be collected.

RP modified Decision Document 6 to change the due date
of long-term monitoring program reports to April 15.

Olin submitted long-term monitoring program report 2.

Inspection Committee reported on June 13, 1989
inspection of remedial action.

Inspection Committee, Technical Committee and RP
jointly inspected project.

RP issued Decision Document 7, quality assurance and
fish sample size. RP approved termination of the "far-
field" groundwater monitoring program and reduced
frequency of the "near-field" groundwater monitoring
program.

Inspection Committee reported on June 13,1990
inspection of the remedial action project site.
                                   A-7

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Review Panel Activities HSBJC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
December 6, 1990


January 23, 1992



July 15, 1993



January 19, 1995
July 20, 1995



May 17, 1996


July 24-25, 1996


March 17, 1997


May 15, 1998



July 23, 1998
Decision Document No. 8 to terminate Technical Proposal
Groundwater Monitoring until Year 10 (1997).

Decision Document No. 9, Process for Review of
Monitoring Data and Olin Notification of Compliance by
the Technical Committee.

Huntsville DDT Project Public Meeting to inform the
Public of the progress toward meeting the performance
standards.

Review Panel Decision Document No. 10, Process for
Review of Continued Attainment defined. Appendix A to
Document Number 10 found that Continued Attainment
had occurred for Largemouth Bass in Reach C.

Finding of Continued Attainment Largemouth Bass,
Reach A and Reach B (Appendices B and C to Decision
Document Number 10).

Report on Interlaboratory Quality Assurance and Quality
Control

Detailed Review of long term monitoring program results
with the Review Panel and Technical Committee

Post Remediation Sediment Investigation — Reach A and
Reach B

Olin proposes a time extension for meeting the
performance standard for channel catfish and smallmouth
buffalo.

Review Panel reviews Olin's proposal for a time extension.
                                   A-8

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       Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
September 15, 1998



October 2, 1998



December 21, 1998



February 3, 1999


February 25, 1999



April 23, 1999
Public meeting on Olin's proposal to extend time to meet
the performance standard for channel catfish and
smallmouth buffalo.

Letter of Inspection Committee on vegetation and
stability of Remedial Action Site through monitoring
period.

RP Decision Document Number 11,  to Extend Time for
Meeting the Performance Standard for Channel Catfish
and Smallmouth Buffalo.

Olin submitted interim goals and contingency plans for
Extension Period.

U.S. Department of Justice and Olin jointly petitioned the
court to modify the schedule to attain the performance
standard.

Court Order modified schedule to meet performance
standards.
                                   A-14

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Review Panel Activities HSB^IC System DDT Remedial Action (3r
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                                        IEC
                                          DEC (.'- 19&1
                                        JEtsiaj a'&
             IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT
                    NORTHERN DISTRICT OF A!
                       NORTHEASTERN DIVISION
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,   .
     Plaintiff,
     v.
OLIN CORPORATION,  A Virginia
  Corporation
     Defendant,
TOWN OF TRIANA
                     E
     Intervenor.      J.
STATE OF ALABAMA,  ex  rel.
CHARLES A.  GRADDICK,  Atto
General, et al.,
          Plaintiffs,
     v.
OLIN MATHIESON CHEMICAL
CORPORATION,  a Virginia
Corporation,
          Defendant. (
           CIVIL ACTION
           .NO. CV80-PT-5300-NE
                   FIL
oeaatasa!, W^
TtKE
     MAY 3 11333
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COUST
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
JAU£S £. VABO£E3IFT. CtESK
           CIVIL ACTION
           NO. CV79-PT-5174-NE

                          CONSENT DECREE
          The undersigned have  agreed  and stipulated that a
judgment can be entered in these actions incorporating a settlement
agreement Containing terms and conditions which include those set

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 forth in this Consent Decree.  The parties to this Consent Decree


 have agreed to its terms conditional upon the filing and-approval by


 the Court of the overall settlement of this case and related cases.


 The Court has reviewed such terras and conditions and 'has determined


 that they are reasonable and adequate to resolve the issues raised


 in these actions arid constitute appropriate  relief,  including:


 development and  implementation of  remedial action to  achieve  the
                     t                    •

performance  standard and to  isolate  DDT from people and the


 environment in the area of the Huntsville Spring Branch ("HSB") -
                                                 *          .    *


 Indian Creek ("IC")  tributary system of the Tennessee River ("TR")


 ("ESB-IC System");  provision of health care and monitoring  to


Claimants;  and mitigation of adverse environmental effects.  The


Court, having subject matter jurisdiction in these actions,


          NOW, THEREFORE, ORDERS, ADJUDGES, AND DECREES AS FOLLOWS:


                             INTRODUCTION


      -'•••• •••3:V-----':rThe.:parties- to-thiffConsent-Decree are:


          (a)    United States of America, on behalf of all federal
     %

 agencies, departments and other: entities-thereof (all collectively


 referred to as the "United States");


         . (b)    Olin  Corporation, a corporation organized and


 existing under- the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia  with  its


 principal place of business in Stamford, Connecticut ("Olin"); and


          (c)    State  of Alabama, on  behalf of  all branches


 agencies, departments,  establishment*,  instrumentalities, bureaus.
                                -2-

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subsidiaries, boards  or  commissions and any other entity of the
Government of.the State of Alabama (all collectively referred to  as
the "State")..
The terms of this Consent Decree shall bind the parties hereto and
their successors and assigns.
     2.   The HS3 enters  Redstone Arsenal  ("RSA") from the City of
                     •
Huntsville, Alabama.   It  flows through RSA and the Wheeler National
Wildlife Refuge and converges.with 1C at HSB Mile  ("M") O.O.  1C
flows into the TR near Triana at TRM 321 (ICM 0.0).  For purposes of
                                                 «           ,
this Consent Decree, the HSB-1C System is defined as  that portion of
HSB beginning at HSBM 5.4 to HSBM 0.0, and that portion of 1C from
ICM 5.6 to ICM 0.0.  The  HSB-1C  System is depicted on the Figure
attached  hereto  as  Exhibit"A."  In  the  "Engineering  and
Environmental. Study  of DDT Contamination of Huntsville Spring
Branch,  Indian  Creek  and  Adjacent Lands and Waters, Wheeler
Reservoir, -'Alabama11' Vbi's." l-J/"November; 1980,' by  Water  and Air
Research, Inc. ("W.A.R. Report"), the HSB-1C System is divided into
three reaches: Reach  A', Reach B, and Reach C.  Reaches A, B,  and C
are defined in the W.A.R.  Report as follows:
     Reach A - Begins at HSBM 5.4 and extends to HSBM 2.4;
     Reach B - Begins at HSBM 2.4 and extends to HSBM 0.0; and
     Reach C - Begins at ICM 5.6 and extends to ICM 0.0.
For the purposes of this Consent Decree, Reaches A,  B  and C are
defined as they are in the W.A.R. Report.
                               -3-

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     3.  DDT is defined for purposes of this Consent Decree as;
l,l,l-trichloro-2,2-fais-(p-chlorophenyl)  ethane,   including • its
isomers, and the degradation products and metabolites DDD or TDE
(l,l-dichloro-2,2-bis  (p-chlorophenyl)  ethane),  and DDE  (1,1-
dichloro-2,2-bis  (p-chlorophenyl)  ethylene),  and  the isomers
thereof..  .
    4.  The United States filed a Complaint on December 4, 1930 and
an Amended  Complaint on February 5, 1982.  The  United States'
complaint  as  amended  alleges  an  imminent and  substantial
                                                 *_          i
endangerment to human health and the environment as a result  of
Olin's alleged  discharge of DDT into the waters  of the United
States, the Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge, and  the environment
from a  former manufacturing plant -located  at RSA in northern
Alabama, and seeks  appropriate  relief ..under federal statutory  law
and under common law.  The  State filed  a  complaint and amended
complaint: alleging-thes«'samer facts-"and seeks relief similar to that
requested by the United States. Olin filed answers and motions to
dismiss and denied liability in these actions.
     5.  To  resolve this matter constructively,  to avoid prolonged
litigation, to permit efficient implementation of the remedies to be
performed pursuant  to this Consent  Decree, to provide health care
and monitoring to Claimants, and to further the public interest, the
United  States,  Olin, and the  State, have  agreed to forego  their
respective claims,  allegations,  responses and defenses to these
                                -4-

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actions and to enter into this Consent Decree.  This Consent Decree

is part of  an overall  settlement of  the  following claims and

actions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
          g.
               James Cloud, et alA v.  Olin Corporation,
               In the United States District Court for
               the  Northern  District  of  Alabama,
               Northeastern Division,  Civil  Action File
               No. CV79-PT-S128-NE;
                     *

               Marvelene T.t  Freeman,  et  al. y_^ Olin
               Corporation,  In  the  United  States
               District Court for the Northern District
               of Alabama,  Northeastern  Division,  Civil
               Action File No. CV80-PT-5057-NE;
                                                4

               Erskine  Pareus,   et  al.   v._   Olin
               Corporation,  In -the  United  States
               District Court for the Northern District
               of Alabama,  Northeastern  Division,  Civil
               Action File No. CV80-PT-5098-NE;

               State  of Alabama  ex  rel  Charles A.
                                            Charles A.
     Graddiek, Attorney General,
     Graddick,  Attorney  General
                                             v.  Olin
     Corporation, a Virginia Corporation, In
     the United States District Court for the
     Northern. '.District   of    Alabama,
     Noartheaatern Divlsiotr; ;C±vir Action File
     No. CV79-PT-5174-NE;

     United  States  of  America  v.  Olin
     Corporation, _a Virginia Corporation, In
     the United States District  Court for the
     Northern    District   of    Alabama,
     Northeastern Division, Civil Action File
     No. CVSO-PT-5300-NE;

     Annie  Mae  Charest,  et  al. y^ Olin
     Corporation, .a Virginia Corporation, et
     al., In the United States District Court
     for  the  Northern District  of  Alabama,
     Northeastern Division, Civil Action File
     No. CV81-PT-5367-NE; and

     Administrative tort claims filed against
     the United States relating to, among other

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               things, DDT,  allegedly discharged into
               the waters  of the United  States,  the
               Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge, and the
               environment in the vicinity  of RSA in
               northern Alabama.
     6.  The parties to this Consent Decree have agreed to its terms

conditional on the filing with and approval by the Court of the

overall  settlement,  including this Consent Decree.  The public
                                   9                  ,
notice requirements of 28 C.F.R. §50.7 will be complied with, and

this Consent Decree is to be entered only after the provisions of

that regulation have been met.                    .           '.

                   PURPOSE OF THE CONSENT DECREE

     7.  The purpose of  the remedy (ies), monitoring and  other

actions which Olin is required to perform under this Consent Decree

is to  isolate DDT in  the HSB-IC  System  from people and  the

environment 'and to minimize 'transport of DDT out of the HSB-IC

System ta protect human health and the environment.

                          REMEDIAL ACTIONS

     8.  Olin shall implement remedial actions required by this

Consent Decree and consistent with  the "Joint Technical Proposal to

Implement Remedial Activities  Pursuant  to Consent Decree*  (the

"Proposal", Exhibit "B" hereto).

     9.  Olin shall develop remedy (ies) pursuant to  the requirements

of this  Consent Deere* to achiev* and continue to  achieve the

performance standard under the terms of this Consent Decree.
                               -6-

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     10.  Olin shall conduct monitoring studies  of fish,  water,



sediment, and sediment transport,  as set forth in the Proposal and



pursuant to this Consent Decree, to obtain baseline data  and ,to



evaluate the  effectiveness  of the remedy(ies).  Olin shall also



conduct  studies  of ground-water as  set forth  in the Proposal.



Selected monitoring activities will continue beyond the time  for
        *             *


attainment of the performance standard.



     11. The baseline monitoring program is to begin no later than



the date of entry of this Consent Decree.           ;



                        PERFORMANCE STANDARD



    < 12. The performance standard is a DDT level of 5 parts per



million ("pprn1*) in the  fillets of channel catfish, largemouth bass



and smallmouth buffalo,  in Reaches A,  B, 'and C.  'Methods for



measuring DDT. levels in.-.fish-are.set forth in. the  Proposal.  In the



event that one of the three fish species identified above cannot be



obtained in any'one'of" th'e'Reaches 7 Olin and-the'RP shall agree upon



one or more substitute  fish species for that Reach.  In the event of



a disagreement, the RP shall designate such substitute fish species.
                                                s


                        GOALS AND OBJECTIVES



     13. The performance standard shall be achieved consistent with



the following Coals and Objectives:             •  '



     a.   Isolate DDT from'people  and the environment in

          order to prevent further exposure;



     b.   Minimize further transport of DDT out  of the

          HSB-IC System;
                               -7-

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     c.   Minimize  adverse  environmental  impact  of
          remedial actions;
     d.   Mitigate effect of DDT on wildlife habitats in
          the Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge;
     e.   Minimize adverse effects on operations at RSA,
          Wheeler  Reservoir/  and  Wheeler  National
          Wildlife Refuge;
     f.   No increase in flooding,  particularly at City
          of Huntsville and RSA, except those increases
          in  water levels  which  can be  reasonably
          expected in connection with the implementation
          of remedial  action,  provided Olin takes all
          reasonable steps to minimize or prevent such
          increase; and
     g.   Minimize effect on loss of storage capacity for  •
          power  generation, in • accordance  with the
          Tennessee Valley Authority Act ("TVA Act").
                            REVIEW PANEL
     14.  A Review Panei-(-"RP"-)—±a~ to- be  established" promptly
consisting of members designated by each of: United States Fish and
Wildlife Service, TVA, EPA, the United States Army,  and the State.
The Town  of •Trianay''Alabama' 'anoT Olin"shall 'aerye as non-voting
participants  on  the RP.  An EPA representative 'shall be the
chairperson of the RP.  .The RP shall meet semi annually and may hold
special meetings as appropriate.  The decisions of the RP shall be by
majority vote of the members,  and the RP shall establish its own
operating procedures.  The members of  the RP shall have the right to
deliberate in  sessions restricted to members only. Each entity
appointing a  member to the RP  shall  b«  responsible  for its own
expenses in1 connection with its respective member's service on the
RP.    "                   '     •
                                -8-

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      15.   The  RP  shall  review the data collected pursuant to  the
 Proposal  and this Consent Decree  and Olin's proposed remedy(ies).
 In proposing,  and reviewing the  initial  remedy pursuant to the
 Consent Decree, Olin and the RP shall act in good faith, shall fully
 cooperate, and shall use their best efforts to agree upon an initial
 remedy consistent with this Consent  Decree.   Pursuant  to the
 schedule  in this  Consent Decree, the RP shall either approve Olin's
 proposed  initial remedy, monitoring plan, and construction  and
 implementation schedule, subject  to compliance with applicable law;
                                                 *     .     *
 disapprove the proposed initial remedy and monitoring plan, and,
 pursuant  to a designated schedule, require submission of a modified
 remedy and monitoring plan with a schedule for construction  and
 implementation; ' or 'designate a substitute remedy and monitoring
 plan, with a. schedule for construction and implementation.
      16.  If the RP determines, pursuant to paragraph 20 below,  that
 a'modification to" the" remedy'•implemented by Olin is necessary, it
 shall specify a schedule for Olin's submission of such modification.
 Olin shall  submit  such modifications  in accordance  with the
 schedule, and thereafter the RP shall follow the procedure specified
. in paragraph-15.
      17.  Olin must implement the remedy(ies) approved or designated
 by  the RP  pursuant  to the  schedule  for. construction  and
 implementation of the remedy(ies) or seek relief from the  Court
 pursuant to paragraph 22 below.
                                -9-

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      IB.  Olin shall submit quarterly reports of its monitoring data

to the RP- and reports relating to the development of significant

information in a format to be agreed upon by the RP and Olin. The

quarterly reports.shall include, at a minimum, a summary of the data

collected and the  raw data.  Olin shall also  submit-a quarterly

report of its progress in meeting the schedule for construction and
                     •

implementation of  the remedy(ies) undertaken pursuant to  this

Consent Decree.

     19.  Interim goals to  indicate progress  toward attainment of
                                                 * •         •
the performance standard will be set pursuant to paragraph 29 below,

after selection of the initial remedy.

     20.  The RP  shall,  seraiannually,  review the monitoring data

gathered pursuant-.to~ the.. Proposal and this Consent Decree and the

remedy(ies) implemented, shall  compare the data  to the interim

goals, and  shall determine whether  Olin is  making appropriate

progress. ••• in :meeting- the •. performance  standard.   The RP • shal 1

determine whether  .a. remedy(ies)  or  remedy  implementation  is

inadequate and if it  determines that a modification of the remedy is

necessary, it shall act in accordance with paragraph 16 above.

     21.  In determining whether remedial actions are appropriate,
*
the RP shall consider the following factors: :
                       *
          (a)  The nature  of the endangerment to human health and

               the environment which  the  remedial, action  is
                                           '      *

               designed to address;
                                -10-

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           (b)   The extent to which implementation of the remedial

                action would reduce or  increase endanger»ent  to

                human health or the environment/ or would otherwise

                affect human health or the environment;

           (c)   Whether  implementation  of  such  remedies  is

                unnecessary to satisfy or is inconsistent with the

                Goals and Objectives  set forth  in paragraph 13

                herein, and the performance standard; and

           (d)   Whether the  remedy chosen is the most cost-effective

                means of accomplishing the performance  standard.

                           JUDICIAL REVIEW

      22.  Olin shall be required to implement the remedial actions

 required-by-the  RP unless/ upon  petition by  Olin,  the Court

 determines,, upon the evidence; .. ..........

           (a)   That implementation of such remedy(ies)

.. ..:....-•: •-.,.-•.,-.  Is •••unnecessary'' to~" satisfy  or  is
                             m
                inconsistent  with   the  Goals   and

                Objectives  set 'forth in  paragraph 13

                herein, and  the performance standard; or

           (b)   that considering:

                (i)   The nature of the endangerment to

                human health, or the environment which the

                remedial action is designed to address;
                                -11-

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               (ii)  The extent to which implementation



               of  the  remedial  action would reduce or



               increase endangerment to human health or



               the  environment,  or  would  otherwise



               •affect human health or the environment;



               and
                     *


               (iii)  Whether the remedy(ies) chosen is



               the  most  cost-effective  means  of



               accomplishing the performance standard,
                                                «          ,


it would be arbitrary or capricious to require Olin to implement the



remedy(ies).



              SCHEDULE FOR REMEDIAL ACTION DEVELOPMENT



     23.  By June  1,  1934, Olin shall complete  the necessary



monitoring, studies outlined in the Proposal, shall submit the data



gathered pursuant thereto,  and shall  specify an initial  remedy  to



the RP.  Olin*aTproposal for  an initial remedy shall include  a

          *

schedule for implementation,  a  monitoring plan,  and the other



information required in paragraph 52 below.



     24.  By September 1,  1984, the RP shall  take action in



accordance with paragraph 15.



     25. Olin shall complete construction and implementation- of the
                    •

initial  remedy and any subsequent: remedies. required under  this



Consent  Decree  pursuant  to the  schedule  established under



paragraph 15.
                               -12-

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      26.  Within 10 years from the  date of "completion" of the

 construction and implementation of the initial remedy (as that event

 is determined pursuant to paragraphs  15 and 52(3')), Olin shall

 attain the performance standard  in Reaches A,  B,  and C.  The
   *
 definition of "attain the performance standard" is set forth in the

 Proposal in Section 7.0.

      27. After attainment of the  performance standard, Olin shall

 demonstrate "continued attainment of the  performance standard".

'The  definition  of  "continued attainment  of  the  performance
    *                                            *         .
 standard" is set forth in the Proposal in Section 7.0.

     _ 28. Once. Olin attains the performance standard, it  shall

 operate or  maintain, as necessary., any remedy(ies) (including bird

 repelling-devices) implemented pursuant to this Consent Decree

 until termination: of. the  Consent  Decree pursuant to  paragraph  54

 below.

      29.  To 'evaluate  0Tin's  progress  toward  attaining  the

 performance standard within the schedule set forth'in paragraph  26,

 interim  performance ,goals   shall  be   established.   Interim

 performance goals  will be agreed  upon by Olin  and the RP; .in the

 unlikely event that. Olin and' the  RP  cannot  agree  on'interim
   4                    *
 performance goals, the RP shall set such goals- after selection and
                          *                                 •
 approval of the initial remedy. The interim performance goals shall

 be expressed in terms of  reductions of DDT levels or particular

 ranges of DDT levels in fish fillets, as  specified in paragraph 12

 above,  for certain time periods..
            *

                                -13-

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                          FINANCIAL  SECURITY



     30.  If at any time prior to the completion1 of construction and



implementation of the initial remedy and any subsequent reraedy(ies)



required under this Consent Decree,  (i) the  consolidated net worth



of Olin declines by fifteen percent  (15%) or more in any one fiscal



quarter, or (ii)  over a period of three consecutive fiscal quarters
                     *


the consolidated net worth of Olin  declines by a total of fifteen



percent (15%)  or  more as compared with the consolidated net worth of



Olin as of the beginning of the first of such quarters, or (iii) if



the consolidated net worth of Olin declines by fift'een percent (15%)



or more in any one fiscal year, or (iv) if the consolidated net worth



of Olin declines at any  time to  five hundred  million dollars



($500,000,000) or below,  Olin shall immediately notify the United



States and shall  promptly provide security in an amount equal to one

• r :V;V,. :-.':.V'.i"-i.'-:i-» -  V»:-.•'".; ••*:.•'•.. ^v*'.':.;• ..'••"- •'-.'• =: •./.-'•'••-•"

hundred and twenty-five percent (125%) of the estimated  cost  to



complete- such construction-and 'implementation'.  If- such event occurs



prior to  the  identification and estimation of the cost  of  the



initial remedy(ies), the amount of  such security shall be twenty



million dollars ($20,000,000).  Such security shall take the form of



a first lien, on.valuable assets,  a performance bond, a surety bond, a
  *


letter of credit or a  cash bond.  The parties may hereafter agree



upon other forms of similar security.  If atj any time  the United



States believes  the foregoing  "net worth"  test is insufficient



security  for  Olinfs performance under the  Consent Decree, it may
                                -14-

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petition the Court to order Olin to produce the. security set forth

above.

                             INSURANCE

     31. .Olin agrees to be responsible  for-the liability arising

from its acts and omissions occuring during the tern of this Consent
                                 /
Decree. Olin agrees that it, and independent contractors  employed by

it to perform any work pursuant to. this Consent Decree,  shall

maintain for the duration  of this Consent Decree general liability

and automobile insurance  with limits  of  ten  million dollars
        *
($10,000,000) combined single limit, with no sudden and accidental
                  .*
pollution  exclusion  clause,  and  Alabama Statutory Workmans

Compensation  Insurance. Olin and independent contractors employed

by it further .agree to perform all work pursuant to this Consent

Decree in-a workmanlike:"manner.--'": .';.';••::

              . .  DELAY OR PREVENTION OF PERFORMANCE
           **•    *        *    .*•."*•
     32. Olin shall take  all reasonable measures  to minimize or

avoid any delay or prevention of the performance of its obligations

pursuant to this Consent Decree.  If any event occurs,  or if Olin

anticipates that an event  will occur, which would delay or prevent

the performance.of Olin's obligations pursuant to  this Consent

Decree  ("Delaying Event"),  Olin shall notify the United States

Program Coordinator in writing as soon thereafter as possible, but

in no event later than 20 days after becoming aware of such Delaying

Event.  The written  notice  shall fully describe the actual or
                                -IS-

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anticipated length and cause of such Delaying Event, the actions
Olin has taken,  and proposes to take, to prevent and to minimize the
impact of the Delaying Event,  and the schedules for taking such
actions.
     33.  To the extent that Delaying Events have been or will be
caused by force  majeure, i.e.,  acts of God,  strikes,  fires, war, or
                     •
other  causes  beyond  Olin's control,  the time for  performance
hereunder shall be extended as  appropriate. Increased costs or
expenses associated with the implementation of actions required by
this Consent Decree shall not alone be considered a  force majeure
evei;t.
     34.  If the United States  and Olin agree on the occurrence and
length of a Delaying Event, they shall file with  this  Court, a
stipulation and "proposed order'extending the time for  Olin to
perform the activity(ies)  affected by the Delaying Event.  If,
however, Olin and the United States do not so stipulate or the United
States advises Olin in writing that it does not agree that a Delaying
Event occurred or to the extension of time sought by Olin, either
Olin or the United States may submit the matter to the Court for
resolution. Olin  shall  have the burden of proof,  based upon a
preponderance of the  evidence, (i) that the Delaying Event excused
or ex-tended the time  for Olin's performance under the terms of this
paragraph and (ii) that the time  extension  sought is appropriate.
Any extension of the schedule for performance of an intermediate
                               -16-

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requirement agreed or ordered pursuant to this paragraph shall not

result in the automatic extension of a subsequent requirement.

     35.  If a Delaying Event is not excusable under the terms of
                                •
this Consent Decree or if after an excusable Delaying Event occurs,

the time  extension sought by Olin is unjustified, Olin  shall be

subject only  to the  following  stipulated penalties  for such

unexcused failure to comply with the following paragraphs of this

Consent Decree:

     A. Paragraphs 16 and 18
                                                <•           *

          (i)    Fifty dollars ($50) per day for the
                 first fifteen days; and

          (ii)   Two hundred fifty dollars ($250) per day thereafter,
                           •
     B.  Paragraphs 23', 25, 27, 28,  and 41

        •  (i)    Five hundred dollars ($500)
      ^.. ...-..-. 'per day- .for the*--first fifteen
                 days;

         . (ii)   Seven hundred fifty dollars.($750)
                 per day for the sixteenth to
                 ninetieth days; and

          (iii)  Up to twenty five hundred dollars
                 ($2500) per day thereafter.

     C.  Paragraph 26                         .  -  .

          (i)
          (ii)
One thousand dollars ($1000) per day
for the first sixty days; and

Up to five thousand dollars ($5000)
per day thereafter.
     36.  In determining the amount of any penalty which the United

States seeks to assess under subparagraphs 35.B.(iii) andC.(ii),
                               -17-

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the United States shall consider the economic savings, if any, to



Olin for its delay or failure to comply with such paragraphs, the
                                     I

degree or seriousness of the delay or non-compliance,  the duration

                                  •'•

of the delay or non-compliance, the degree of endangerment to human



health or the environment, if any, resulting from the delay or non-



compliance, and other relevant factors.  Provided, however, that no
                     *


payment shall be assessed for each day that compliance is delayed or



excused pursuant to this Consent Decree, or by order of the Court.



     37.  If the United States seeks to assess penalties pursuant to
                                                 4          t


paragraph" 35 of this Consent Decree, it shall give written notice to



Olin, of the requirement with which Olin has not timely  complied or



has failed to comply/ the amount of the proposed penalty and, in the



case  of penalties  to  be  assessed  pursuant  to subparagraphs



35.B.(iii)  and C.(ii-), th«-basis for. such  amount,  taking into



account the factors set forth.in paragraph. 36. Such notice from the


United States shall be a condition precedent to the United States'


right to seek enforcement of such penalty assessment'under paragraph



38 of this Consent Decree. Within ten (10) days of its receipt of



such notice, Olin shall notify the United States whether it agrees


to pay such proposed penalty. If Olin agrees to pay such penalty, it



shall do so within twenty (20') days front receipt of such notice by



check payable to th« Treasurer of the United .States and sent to the


Assistant Attorney General at the address specified in paragraph 51.
                                .18-

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     38.  If the United States and Olin do not agree to the amount of
the penalty which the United States seeks to assess against Olin,
the United States may petition the Court to enter judgment  against
Olin for  the  amount of the penalties  it  seeks" hereunder. The
foregoing' petition  by the United  States shall  set forth the
requirement with which Olin  has failed to comply, shall propose
                     *
amounts to be  paid and, in the case of penalties sought pursuant to
subparagraphs 3S.B.(iii>  and C.(ii), the basis for such proposed
amounts, taking account of the factors set forth in paragraph 36 of
this Consent  Decree. The United  States shall have the burden of
proof,  by a preponderance of the evidence, that the amounts  of money
it seeks under subparagraphs"3S.B. (iii) andC.(ii) are justified;
the United States shall have no burden-of-proof with respect to the
stipulated penalties set forth in subparagraphs 35.A.,  35.B.(i),
(ii), and35.C.(i).
     39.  Any penalty •payment's made  or  collected pursuant to
paragraphs 35  through 38  shall be payable only to the United States
and shall be in full  satisfaction of all civil  claims by any  party or
the Town of Triana,  Alabama for fines, penalties, or other monetary
assessments arising out  of Olia's failure to  comply with this .
Consent Decree, except those.specific monetary obligations imposed
pursuant to paragraphs 41, 42 and 43. Olin shall be subject  to "civil
fines, penalties; or other monetary assessments arising out of its
                  i
failure to comply with 'this  Consent Decree  only  as  provided in
                               -19-

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paragraph 35. Notwithstanding anything in this Consent Decree to


the contrary, the provisions of paragraphs 35 through 39 shall not


be construed.to limit any equitable or other non-monetary relief.


which may'be available to the United States for violations of this


Consent Decree or bar the United States from seeking any appropriate


relief, equitable, monetary or otherwise,  which may be available to


the United  States for violations of law arising  during and  in


connection with Olin1 s performance under this Consent Decree.


     40. If Olin and the United States agree that Olin has acted in
                                                «          t

good faith consistent with the schedule set forth in this -Consent


Decree but has failed to meet the performance standard within the


time set forth herein, Olin  and the United States shall agree to an
                      •


extension of  time for meeting the performance  standard,  shall


jointly petition  the Court: for a modification of the schedule and


Olin shall not be liable for penalties set forth in paragraph 35
,    "    _'     «••    *'.'    .    fc   '

based solely on its failure  to meet 'the performance standard within


the time required during such  extended period.   In the event of a


disagreement concerning whether Olin has  acted in good faith, Olin


shall have the burden of proof, by a preponderance of the evidence,



that it has  acted  in good faith.


                REMEDIAL ACTION MITIGATION MEASURES


     41,  Olin agrees to install  and maintain bird repelling


measures or bird repelling devices "as required by remedial actions


undertaken  pursuant to this Consent Decree.  Olin further agrees
                                -20-

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upon entry of this Consent Decree to pay into a trust fund the sum of

   .                                      r

$375,000 for the purpose of funding mitigation measures (such as



studies or  structures)  to  be selected by the United  States  in



furtherance of the goals of the statutes cited in the first amended



complaint of the United States in the above-styled action.



                              EXPENSES
                     *


     42.  Olin shall  bear the reasonable  expenses incurred by the



United States for contracts to monitor Olin's activities, including



data collection  and  analysis,  in connection with this  Consent



Decree.  From and after the date. of entry of this Consent Decree,

                                                                 \

Olin shall bear/ without its prior approval,  such expenses in an



amount  not to exceed  $10,000  per year  until it demonstrates



continued attainment of the performance standard as provided for



herein with, prior;notice of such expenditures to be given to Olin.



Upon request  of  Olin,  the  United States shall provide a brief



description of the work to be performed under contracts  entered into



pursuant to  this paragraph and substantiation for the expenses



thereof.  In any  event/ if the Government does not expend the sum of



$10,000 in any one year, the Government may not carry over such



unused sums in any subsequent* year, it being expressly understood



that Olin1 s obligations under this paragraph are limited to a total



of $10,000 per year.  Olin shall reimburse such expenses in excess of



$10,000 per calendar  year only if it has given prior approval to such



expenditures.  .
                               -21-

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     43.  In addition, Olin agrees to pay for the cost of developing



any environmental impact statements or environmental assessments *



which may be required pursuant to NEPA in order to implement any



remedies under this Consent Decree.



                       EMPLOYMENT PREFERENCE



     44. Olin agrees to give employment preference (consistent with
                     *


applicable  law)  for  all  work  related  to  development  and



implementation of this settlement including, but not limited to,



construction work, to "Claimants," as'the term i*s defined in the



"Comprehensive Agreement Regarding Compromise of Claims"  and to



anyone else who  resides in the immediate area of Triana, Alabama who



agrees to sign a release and waiver of any  liability against the



United' States~and Olin, arising from- the presence of DDT in the HS3-



IC System. The-parties hereto do not intend this paragraph to create



and  the provisions, .of this  paragraph shall  not create  any



enforceable rights of action or any remedies on behalf of either the



parties to this Consent Decree or individuals or entities who are



not parties to this Coiisent Decree.



                             INSPECTION



     45.  The United States,  the  State,  and their agencies and



authorized representatives, including contractors and consultants,



shall, upon notice,  be provided reasonable  access at all times to



the site of any  actions taken within the HSB-IC System pursuant to



this Consent Decree to observe and monitor the work performed by
                               -22-

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 Olin,  to collect samples, to  inspect  records and for any other

 lawful purpose relating to assuring compliance by Olin with the

 terms  of this Consent Decree. Nothing in this paragraph is intended

 to limit any other, lawful rights of Access or inspection which the

 United States or the State of Alabama may have with respect to the

 site or to affect the right of  the  United States Army to  restrict

 access as necessary.

                       EFFECT OF CONSENT DECREE

     46. Nothing contained in  this Consent Decree shall constitute
                                         •s        *
 an admission of law or fact or  may  be introduced into evidence  as

 proof  of same,  or constitute proof of  the violation of any law or

 regulation.  The parties hereto may rely upon this Consent Decree
   .                    *

-only in- this- action or-in "any of  the other actions  listed  in

 paragraph .5.  above.  .The. parties hereto  may not rely upon this
            *
 Consent Decree in any other action  or proceeding/ and neither this

 Consent. Decree nor any part hereof  may  be introduced into evidence

 in any other action or proceeding.   Except for the'right of the Town

 of Triana, Alabama to enforce this Consent Decree, as provided in an

 order  entered contemporaneously herewith, it is intended  that this

 Consent Decree shall neither create nor have any effect upon rights

 of persons or entities not parties to this Consent Decree.

                         PROGRAM COORDINATOR.

     -47. The United States and Olin shall each designate a program

 coordinator and an alternate within IS days following the date of
                                -23-

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entry  of  this Consent Decree. -At any time,  Olin and the United



States may appoint new coordinators, alternates or both,  and notice



thereof shall be given in writing.



     48.  Olin. and  the  United States intend that communications



between them to carry out the  terns and conditions of this Consent



Decree  shall be  by and between the program coordinators  or
                     •                                    t


alternates.  The -coordinators designated by the parties shall be



deemed agents  for purposes of receiving proposals,  reports  and



notifications  from  other parties, except that the  coordinators
                                                 «          /

shall not constitute agents for the purpose of receiving service of



process, subpoenas, or  other  judicial or administrative process,



and each coordinator  shall be responsible for assuring that all



communications  from the other are appropriately disseminated and



processed..   -. • •-.• • .  \- .-•  -.   •;•.;. .. •.  -  v .-.  -..-   •• •           ...



                      COMPLIANCE  WITH ALL LAWS

             *     •   .       "   •

     49. All work undertaken  pursuant to this Consent Decree  is to



be performed, in accordance with all applicable federal,  state and



local statutes, regulations, ordinances and permits,  including,  but



not limited to the following statutes which may be applicable to  the



work undertaken pursuant  to  this Consent Decree: the National



Environmental Policy Act, 42 U.S.C.  §§4371,  et seg.,  the Fish and



Wildlife Coordination Act," 16 U.S.C. §§661-666c, th« Endangered



Species Act, Pub. L. No. 93-205, 87 Stat. 884. (codified as amended in



scattered sections of 7  and 16 U.S.C.), the National Wildlife Refuge
                                -24-

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System Administration Act, 16 U.S.C. §§668dd-668ee> the Tennessee
Valley Authority Act, 16 U.S.C. §831 as amended by Pub. L. No. 96-97,
93 Stat. 730, the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C.  §§1251 ^t  sec[., the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C.  §$6901 et seg.,
the  Comprehensive  Environmental  Response,  Compensation  and
Liability  Act,   ("CERCLA"),  42  U.S.C.   §§9601  et  seg.,  the
                     *
Occupational Safety and Health Act, 29 U.S.C. §§6S1 et  seo;.. the
Hazardous Waste Management Act of 1978, Code of Ala.  1975,  §§22-30-1
et seq.  (1982 cum. supp»), the Alabama Water  Pollution Control Act,
Code of Ala.  1975  §§22.22-1 et seq.  (1982  cum. supp.),  and all
applicable regulations promulgated thereunder,  including without
limitation, the revised National Contingency Flan,  40 C.F.R. Part
300 et sea., as published in 47 Fed. Reg. 31180 (July 16, 1982).
Olin. shall.apply for.and use .its best.efforts to  obtain any permits
or authorizations required by applicable federal, state or local law
in carrying out the work required of Olin under this Consent Decree.
                       EXPENSES UNDER CERCLA
                     *
     50. In consideration of the entry of this Consent Decree, Olin
agrees not to make  any claims pursuant to Section 112 of  CERCLA, 42
U.S.C. §9612, against the Fund established by that Act for expenses
related to this case and this Consent Decree.
                              NOTICES       .
     51.  All notices and documents required to be provided to the
United States, Olin and the State pursuant to this Consent Decree,
                      *
unless otherwise stated, shall be addressed as follow*:

                               -25-

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          Assistant Attorney General
          Land and Natural Resources Division
          Department of Justice
          9th & Pennsylvania .Avenue, N.W.
          Washington, D.C. 2OS30
                                                              /
          United States Environmental Protection Agency
          Regional Administrator
          Region 4
          Atlanta, CA  30309

          State of Alabama
          Attorney General
          250 Administrative Building
          Montgomery, Alabama  36130

          Olin Corporation
          120 Long Ridge Road
          Stamford, CT 06904    .                •

                             DOCUMENTS

     52.  In  submitting its  initial proposed  remedy and any

subsequent or modified remedies to the RP, Olin shall submit, in

addition to the other information required by this Consent Decree,

at a minimum the following information:           -

          (a)  References  to all  scientific and/or  technical

literature used in preparation of the remedy;

          (b)  Engineering diagrams, chemical analyses, and  all

other technical data used in proposing the remedy;

          (c)  Names, titles  and disciplines  of 'all professionals

engaged in preparation of the remedy;

          (d)  A description of all analytical  techniques and

protocols used in preparing the remedy;
                               -26-

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           (e)  Anticipated effects-on people and the environment of
 any actions to be  implemented under the remedy,  including,  as -
 applicable, the information described in section 8 of the Proposal;
           (f)  Cost and time to implement the proposed remedy(ies);
           (g)  A discussion of all alternative remedies examined but
 rejected including, where developed, cost,  time to implement,  and
                     •
 other  data and the reasons for concluding that each alternative
 remedy is  not  necessary or appropriate to attain  the performance
 standard;                                       *          -
           (h)  A  specific monitoring plan  for determining the
                              *
 efficacy of the remedial action implemented/ including monitoring
.activities continuing beyond the  time  for attainment  of the
 performance standard;
 ...  .!. :,-;V:. .  (=iX-- .Any. heilthv and.;safe/ty: plans- required by law  to
 implement the remedy (ies);
           {j)  Construction and implementation schedules, including
 a  schedule  for  the  development  and  submission  of detailed
 engineering  specifications and a designation  of the event which
 signifies  "completion" of construction and  implementation  of  the
 initial remedy; and
           (fe)  The assumptions on which the remedy (ies). are based.
                     RETENTION OF JURISDICTION
     53.  This Court retains Jurisdiction over the parties to this
 Consent Decree to enforce compliance with its terms, to construe the
                                •27-

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Consent: Decree,  and to resolve disputes in  accordance  with its



provisions.



                   TERMINATION OF CONSENT DECREE



     54. After Olin (1) demonstrates to the RP continued  attainment



of the performance standard and (2)  demonstrates to the reasonable



satisfaction of the RP that the remedy(ies)  implemented pursuant to
                     *                                          *


this Consent Decree has provided, is providing and will continue to



provide achievement of the performance standard once this Consent



Decree terminates, Olin shall operate or maintain such remedy (ies),

                   ™                             *           >

as set forth in  paragraph 28,  for a period  of  seven additional



years.  At  the conclusion of this seven year period, if Olin is  in



compliance with  the provisions of this Consent  Decree  and  the



performance  standard,  Olin  shall be deemed to have  completely



fulfilled all of its obligations hereunder,  and this Consent Decree

  •\~/.^'Sttt&-~;^                       •.'.'•'••  '••'•'

shall terminate'.'  '   "     ' . .



        "• ' •        •". • ' MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS



     55. All information and documents submitted by Olin to the



United States,  State or RP pursuant to this Consent .Decree shall be



subject to public.inspection.



     56.  The terms  and conditions  of this Consent Decree  shall



include the terms and conditions contained in the Proposal attached



hereto, which are incorporated herein by reference.



                 ev«n£x«r£' changed matejrfrtCT'circumstaatf^s'. of law or^-



envronmental orxfiealth standard*; arising^a^ter the entjy-tffthis
                                -28-

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     57.  In the event of changed .material circumstances of law or

environmental or health standards,  arising after the entry of this

Consent Decree, the United States or Olin may petition the Court for

a modification of the Consent Decree.

     58.  Each party shall bear its own costs,  disbursements and

attorneys' fees of this action.

     59.  The parties represent to the Court that their  respective

undersigned counsel and the other signatories have full authority to
                                      ••
approve the terms and conditions  of this Consent Decree and to

execute and  legally bind the respective parties- to this Consent

Decree.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                 rthern District of Alabama
DATED;
                                                        f
                                -29-

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  m^L

HZNRYFROSIHN
Firs;f"AsDistant United States
AttoV
              CAMPBELL"
     :ant United States Attorney
                                      DATED:
                                             r
                                      DATED:
                                             /'  /
        A.  REICH
Attorney
United States Department of Justice     DATED:
       " SCHIFJ
Attorney
United States Department of Justice
.DAVID BATSON
Attorney
United States  Environmental
Protection Agency
                                      DATED:  *?// iffJ
                                      DATED:
               rs
ARlHUR RAY
Attorney
United.States Environmental
Protection Agency
                                      DATED
.• 1/1*1*3
  " / "  '
                         -30-

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ELIZABETH TODD CAMPBELL
'Assistant United State.s Attorney
DATED:
KENNETH A-. REICH
Attorney
United States Department of Justice
DATED:
LOIS J. SCHIFFER
Attorney
United States Department of Justice
DATED:
DAVID BATSON
Attorney
United'States Environmental
Protection Agency
DATED:
ARTHUR RAY
Attorney
United States Environmental
Protection Agency
DATED:
ANNE L. ASBELL
Assistant Regional Counsel
United States Environmental
Protection Agency
Region IV
DATED:  ^£.W/ /¥/?£?
                          -30-

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     ANNE L. ASBELL
     Assistant Regional Counsel
     United States Environmental
     Protection Agency
     Region IV
DATED:
STATS OF ALABAMA
By:
     CHARLES A. GRADDICK
     Attorney General of the
     State of Alabama
     R. CRAIG T KJJCISEL
     Assistant Attorney General
     State of Alabama
DATED:
DATED:
                                                         ^^t
OLIN CORPORATION
By:
     E. MCINTOSH COVER.
     Group Counsel
     01in Chemicals Group
DATED:
     MYRON B. SOKOLOWSKI
     Counsel
     Olizx Chemicals Group
                               -31-

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STATE OF ALABAMA
By:
     CHARLES A. GRADDICK
     Attorney General of the
     State of Alabama
                                      DATED:
     R. CRAIG KNEISEL
     Interim General Counsel
     Department of Environmental
     Management
                                      DATED:
OLIN CORPORATION
By:
£
     E.~MCI#T0SH fa
     Croup Counsel
     Olin Chemicals Cro
                         L^JL
     MYRONUS. SOKOLOWSKI
     Counsel
     Olin Chemicals -Croup
                                      DATED:
     STUART NX ROTH
     Associate Counsel
     Olin Chemicals Croup
                                       DATED:
                               -31-

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G. LEE GARRETT/ JR.
Hansell & Pos1
Attorneys for Olin Corporation
                                            DATED:
                                               7
Entered in accordance with the foregoing Consent De
                           ITED STATES DISTRICT JGDGE
DATED:
              31
                          -32-

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c

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   JOINT TECHNICAL



PROPOSAL TO IMPLEMENT



 REMEDIAL ACTIVITIES



     PURSUANT TO



   CONSENT DECREE

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                         TABLE OF CONTENTS








1.0   SUMMARY	1-1



      1.1   Background	1-1



      1.2   Objectives of This Proposal	1-3



      1.3   Proposal Approach	1-4



      1.4   Organization of Proposal	.*.	1-6








2 . 0   NEED FOR REMEDIAL ACTION ALTERNATIVES	2-1



      2.1   The W.A.R. Alternatives	2-1



      2.2   Environmental Impacts of F*	2-4



      2.3   Other Remedial Actions	2-8








3 . 0   QUALITY "ASSURANCE PROGRAM	3-1



      3.1   Introduction	.*	3-1



            3.1.1   Program	3-1



      3.2   Participating Laboratories	_.	  . .3-2,



            3.2.1   Primary Laboratory	3-2
                                                       <


            3.2.2   Secondary Laboratory	3-2



            3.2.3   Referee Laboratory	3-3



      3.3   Analytical Parameters. •.	3-3



            3.3.1   Biological  Samples	.-3-3

                                           \

            3.3.2   Sediment Samples	3-4



            3.3.3   Water Samples. .'	3-5

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      3.4   Analytical Methodologies.........	....3-5


            3.4.1   Biological Samples	3-6


            3.4.2   Sediment Samples	3-6


            3.4.3   Water Samples	3-7


      3.5   Intralaboratory Quality Control Plan	3-9


            3.5.1   Facilities	3-9


            3.5.2   Chain-of-Custody and Sample Handling
                    and Storage	3-10


            3.5.3   Laboratory Personnel and Equipment	3-12


            3.5.4   Data Quality Assurance	3-13


                    3.5.4.1   Precision	3-13


                    3.5.4.2   Accuracy	3-14


                    3.5.4.3   Sampling Blinding....'.	3-15


                    3.5.4.4   Additional Control Measures;. .. .3-16
             *

      3.6   Interlaboratory Quality Control Plan	3-18
                                        «*.

            3.6.1   General Requirements	3-18


            3.6.2   Method Equivalency	3-18



                                                        /

4.0   FISH STUDIES	4-1


      4.1   Introduction	4-1


      4.2   Program Objectives	4-3


      4.3   Utilization of W.A.R. Data	 . .4-3


      4.4   Program Design	'.	4-4
                                 li

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            4.4.1   Sampling Locations	4-5



            4.4.2   Sampling Frequency	4-8



            4.4.3   Sampling Protocol	4-9



            4.4.4   Analytical Parameters	4-15



      4.5   Mechanism of Fish Contamination	4-15



      4.6   Utilization of Data Base	4-20







5.0   IN SITU SEDIMENT SAMPLING PROGRAM. . :	5-1



      5.1   Introduction	5-1



      5.2   Specific Objectives	5-3



      5.3   Utilization of W.A.R. Data	5-4



      5.4   Program Design	5-6



            5.4.1   Sampling Locations	5-6



            5.4.2   Sampling Frequency	5-7



            5.4.3   Sampling Protocol..,	5-7



            5.4.4   Analytical Parameters	5-10



      5.5   Utilization of Proposed Data Base	5-11







6.0   SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT/WATER SAMPLING PROGRAM	6-1



      6.1   Introduction	6-1



      6.2   Specific Objectives	6-3



      6.3   Program Design	6-5



           . 6.3.1   Sampling Locations	"	6-5



            6.3.2   Sampling Frequency	6-6
                                 aii

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            6.3.3   Sampling Protocol	•	6-7



            6.3.4   Analytical Parameters	6-10



      6.4   Utilization of Proposed Data Base	6-10



            6.4.1   Computer Modeling  of HSB-IC	6-11







7.0   REMEDIAL ACTION APPROACHES	7-1



      7.1   Introduction	7-1



      7.2   Overview of Action Considerations	7-1



      7.3   Long-Term Environmental Monitoring Program	7-3



            7.3.1   Groundwater Monitoring	7-5



            7.3.2   Measurement of Peformance Standard	7-6







8.0   ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF  REMEDIAL ACTIONS	8-1







9.0   PROPOSAL TIME FRAME	9-1







10.0  REFERENCES	10-1

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1.0  SUMMARY
     1.1 Background
     Since  1977,  the  United States  Army,  The  Tennessee Valley
Authority  (TVA),  the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and
other federal agencies have reported DDT residues* in the Huntsville
Spring  Branch-Indian  Creek  (HSB-IC) tributary system  of  the
Tennessee River (TR).  Reports have described the existence of DDT
within the boundaries of the Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge (WNWR)
and the Redstone Arsenal (RSA) near Huntsville, Alabama.
     In 1980, Water and Air Research, Inc.  (W.A.R.)  completed a
report  entitled  "Engineering  and Environmental  Study  of  DDT
Contamination  of  Huntsville  Spring  Branch,  Indian  Creek  and
Adjacent Lands and Waters, Wheeler Reservoir, Alabama" (W.A.R.
  *  DDT is  defined _as  l,l,l-trichloro.-2,2-bis-.( p-chlorophenyl)
     ethane including its isomers, and the degradation products and
     metabolites DDD or IDE  (1,l-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)
     ethane),  and  DDE (1,l-dichloro-2,  2-bis  (p-chlorophenyl)
     ethylene), and the isomers thereof.
                               1-1

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 Report) .*  W.A.R. links the DDT to the discharge of effluent from the

 manufacture  of  DDT  by  the  Olin  Corporation  (Olin).   The DDT

 manufacturing  plant operated  from  1947 to 1970 on RSA facilities

 leased from  the  United States.  W.A.R. states that DDT, discharged

 into  the drainage ditch, entered  the HSB-IC system.  W.A.R.' now

 estimates  that 475  tons  of DDT presently  exist within that system

 and estimates  that 97.8 percent of the resulting in situ DDT is

 contained  within HSB miles (HSBM) 5.4-2.4  (Reach A), 1.4 percent

 within HSEM  2.4  and  its confluence  with  1C  (Reach B)  and the

 remaining 0.8 percent within 1C (Reach  C).

     W.A.R.  also  states  that fish within the HSB-IC-TR system have

 exhibited  levels  of   DDT  greater  than   the   Food   and  Drug

 Administration action  level of 5 parts per  million in the fillet.

 DDT in channel catfish,  a food  source for  local  residents, has

prompted particular concern.
  *  'That  report consists  of three volumes, viz.,  an Executive
     Summary, Appendices  I-JTI,  and IV-V-I-,   References -herein-- to
     pages  in the  Executive  Summary  will   appear  as  "S-	";
     references to pages in the appendices will give the appendix
     number  followed  by the page,  e.g.,  "11-77" means page 77 in
     Appendix II.
                               1-2

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     1.2  Objectives of This Proposal
     The primary objective of the remedy (ies), monitoring and other
actions which Olin is required to perform under this Consent Decree
is  to  isolate  DDT  in  the HSB-IC  System  from  people  and  the
environment and  to  minimize transport of  DDT out of  the HSB-IC
System to protect human health and the environment.  This objective
is met under the  terms of the Consent Decree when DDT levels in the
fillets of channel catfish,  largemouth bass, and smallmouth buffalo
in Reaches A, B,  and C are reduced to 5 ppm, i. e.,  the performance
standard of the Consent Decree,  and the other terms of the Consent
Decree are fulfilled. The overall goals and  objectives set forth in
the Consent Decree are as  follows:
     1.    Isolate DDT from people  and the  environment in order to
          prevent further exposure.
     2.    Minimize  further  transport of  DDT out  of the  HSB-IC
          system.
     3.    'Minimize   adverse  environmental   impact   of  remedial
          actions.
     4.    Mitigate effect of DDT on wildlife habitats in the Wheeler
          National Wildlife Refuge.
     5.    Minimize   adverse   effects  on  operations  at  Redstone
          Arsenal, Wheeler Reservoir, and Wheeler National Wildlife
          Refuge.
     6.    No  increase   in  flooding, particularly  at  City  of
          Huntsville and  Redstone  Arsenal,  except  those increases
          in water  levels which  can be  reasonably  expected  in
          connection with the implementation  of remedial  action,
          provided  Olin takes all  reasonable  steps to minimize or
          prevent such increase.
     7.    Minimize  effect on loss of storage capacity  for power
          generation,   in accordance  with  the  Tennessee  Valley
          Authority Act {  "TVA Act").
                               1-3

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     The Proposal contemplates use, to the extent possible, of data -
 collected by W.A.R.  Although the W.A.R.  Report  contains extensive
 regional  data  and can  be used  to determine certain background
 environmental conditions, the environmental characteristics of the
 various  segments  of the  ESB-IC  system must  be  defined  more
 specifically  before  any  remedial  action  alternative  can  be
 developed.  Likewise, the  evaluation  of the short  and long-term
 environmental impacts  associated with proposed remedial  actions
 requires a more  extensive data base.  These studies,  combined with
 data from the W.A.R. Report, will provide that data base.
     1.3 Proposal Approach
     This Proposal will investigate the pathways that DDT takes to
 enter the water and biota in HSB-IC. The findings  of this study will
 identify the critical point(s) in the pathways which  can be blocked
via specific -remediaJ  actions applied to the HSB-IC  system.   In
 addition, 'the study will provide the basjic design information for
 remedial actions (i.e. flow rates, particle size/DDT relationships,
etc.).
   .  The  Proposal  has  four  primary  areas  of  investigation:
 suspended sediment  transport,  in  situ  sediment  sampling,  fish
sampling and fish uptake studies.   The purpose of  each study is to
answer several basic  questions concerning the  movement  of DDT into
the water and the biota.  The main  questions to  be answered are as
follows:
      •    What is the source of DDT that is available to
          contaminate fish or other biota? Is it in the
          channel and/or  overbank areas?  Is  it  from
          Reach  A, B, and/or C? Under what conditions is
                              1-4

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           this DDT available  (i.e.,  high or  low  water
           elevations, flow rates, etc.)?

       •    What is the source of DDT to the water column?
           What are the contributions of  each reach (A, B,
           and  C)  of the HSB-IC  system?  Under  what
           conditions does DDT enter the  water  column?
           Are storms more  significant than normal day-to-
           day transport?

       »    Why and how are  fish becoming  contaminated?  Is
           it caused by suspended, dissolved or deposited
           DDT?   What  is  the  effect of  siltation  and
           covering on these sources?

      The in situ sediment sampling and suspended sediment transport

 (water sampling)  studies are designed to address  the first two sets

 of questions.  The  fish  sampling  and  fish  uptake  studies  are

 designed to answer the third set of questions.

      The data evaluation phase of the project is just as critical as

 the data collection phase.  The data evaluation phase  will  utilize

 two main tools in addition to normal engineering  analysis to aid in

_the  decision  process  for  selecting -and development  remedial
                                        +
 actions. The two tools are (1)  computer modeling of the system and

 (2) the  display of significant field data on a topographical map or

 aerial..photpgraph.   . .  . .      —    — •

      The computer model  will  simulate  the transport of  sediment

 through  the HS5-IC system.  The first step  in  the modeling  process

 will  be  the selection of a computer model which best simulates the

 sediment transport  process  that is occurring  in  HSB-IC.   Data

 collected during  the  in  situ sediment and  water  sampling programs

 will be utilized in the computer model and used to verify the model.

 Once  a computer model has been developed which simulates the HSB-IC
                                1-5

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 system,  the model can be modified to include one or more potential

 remedial actions.  Thus, the effects of potential remedial actions

 on  sediment  and  DDT  transport   can   be  estimated.   Various

 combinations  of  remedial  actions  can be  evaluated by  computer

 modeling in order to determine  the optimum set of remedial actions.

 The computer modeling is discussed further in Section 6.0.

;      The topographical map  or aerial  photograph will be  used  to

 provide  a visual overview of the HSB-IC system.  Areas of DDT which

 are  available  for  transport  or  biological,  uptake  will •  be

 highlighted.   Significant  findings  of  the field data  collections

 will  be  illustrated.   The  locations of potential  remedial actions

 will  also be  shown.   This map  will  be  a  valuable  tool in the

 development of the remedial actions.

      1.4 Organization of Proposal

      This  Proposal  will  discuss  the  technically-feasible  and

 environmentally-sound   approaches  towards   resolution  of  the
                                                              i
 following:

      •   identifying  the  pathways  of  DDT contamination
          in the given enviroiimerital~setiring"/"      '""

      •   evaluating   timely,   cost-effective   remedial
          solution(s),

      •   predicting the environmental effects resulting
          from those remedial solutions, and

      •   proposing a long-term environmental monitoring
          program to monitor the effectiveness of  future
          remedial actions.

      Each section will  describe the specific  objectives of each task

 relative to  and associated with the proposal objectives and the
                               1-6

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methodology  utilized "to achieve the proposal objectives.  Changes
 (with proper approval) may be necessary as the project progresses.
     The  proposed  fish studies  are described in  Section 4.0.
Proposed  sampling  locations, scheduling, equipment to be utilized,
fish  species to  be  collected, sample  protocol  and  analytical
procedures are outlined.
     The in situ sediment sampling study is set forth in Section 5.0
of the  Proposal.  This  study will  provide the  more  complete and
precise data on the areal and vertical distribution of DDT necessary
to determine types  and locations of appropriate remedial actions.
     The  suspended sediment transport  and water  sampling  study
parameters are set forth in Section  6.0.  The results of this study
will provide data on, and permit the prediction of the effectiveness
of, in situ burial/isclEtion of DDT sediments, as well  as quantify
the transport *of DDT through and out of the system.
     An extensive quality assurance  program has been developed for
both analytical laboratory facilities and field  sampling programs.
The major aspects of  the laboratory quality assurance^ program will
be the use of a primary laboratory,  two secondary laboratories for
split  sampling,   and  a referee  laboratory.   Approved  testing
methodologies,  blinding of  samples  and  standard chain-of-custody
procedures will be employed at all times.  These  procedures  are
described in Section 3.0 of the Proposal.
     In summary, the Proposal  provides  for the attainment of the
following:
                               1-7

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(a)   Development,  of  data  to  define  more  precisely
     environmental characteristics of the HSB-IC system;
                                                         the
(b)   Determination  of   the  biological  and   geotechnical
     characteristics of the HSB-IC system with respect  to  DDT
     (DDT pathways) to design remedial alternatives;

(c)   Development of a data base to predict the environmental
     and   related  impacts   of   the   selected   remedial
     alternatives;

     Development of baseline data from which to  assess  the
     effectiveness of the remedial actions selected;
(e)
Development and proposal  by Olin of  specific
actions for all three reaches (A, B, and C); and
                                                    remedial
     Development  of  a  long-term  environmental  monitoring
     program  to  ascertain  the  effectiveness  of  remedial
     actions.
                          1-8

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  2.0  NEED FOR REMEDIAL ACTION ALTERNATIVES

       2.1 The W.A.R. Alternatives

       W.A.R.  presented  seven  alternatives  (including  F*)  for

  addressing DDT  in the HSB-IC  system.   The no-action alternative

  involves natural restoration processes.  This alternative requires

** no remedial operations but includes an extensive monitoring program

  to evaluate the  progress of the natural restoration processes.  All

  remaining  alternatives  would involve  removal  or isolation  of

  essentially 100 percent  of the DDT  in  the HSB-IC  system.  These

  alternatives, B  through F*, include:

        •    Dredging the entire area and disposing of the
            dredged material off-site; or

        •    Variations of dredging a substantial portion of
            the area  and  diversion of  the  HSB  from  its
            present   basin  to   the  TR  (out-of-basin
            diversion); or

        •    Variations of dredging a substantial portion of
            the area and diversion of the HSB around much of
            Reach A  (within-basin diversion).

  For both the out-of-basin_and within-basin diversion alternatives..,.

  W.A.R. considered removing the DDT sediments or providing in-place

  containment of these sediments.  The major features of these various

  alternatives are  outlined  in Table  2.1  (taken from the Executive

  Summary  of  the W.A.R.  Report).   Detailed discussions  of  these

  alternatives are presented in the Summary and Appendix III of  the
                                             -•
  W.A.R. Report.
                                 2-1

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 Table '2:Y- Alternatives for Mitigation of DDT Contamination
 Alternative
        Major Actions  Implemented
A.  Natural Restoration
 o  let natural  processes mitigate contamina-
   tion
 o  extensive monitoring to  determine whether
   system is improving, remaining stable,  or
   deteriorating
B.  Dredging and Disposal
o construct dredged material  disposal  area
o dredge  channel sediments  from HSB Mile 5.6
  to  1C Mile 0.0 and 260 acres  of overbank
  sediments between Dodd and  Patton Roads
  to  a depth of 3 feet
C.  Out-of-Basin Diversion and
    Removal of Contaminated
    Sediments
o divert HSB upstream from contaminated  area
  directly to the TR
o implement all actions listed for Alterna-
  tive B under reduced flow conditions
0.  Out-of-Basin Diversion
    and Containment of Contam-
    inated Sediments
o divert HSB upstream from  contaminated
  area directly to the TR
o construct dikes to isolate contaminated
  sediments upstream of Dodd Road  from
  surface water flow
o construct dredged material disposal area
o dredge channel sediments  from  Dodd Road
  to 1C Mile O.O-to a depth of 3 feet
o cover and stabilize channel sediments I
  and 250 acres of overbank sediments
  upstream of Dodd Road
E.  Within-Basin Diversion
    and Removal of Contaminated
    Sediments
o divert HSB around the highly contaminated
  area between HSB Miles 3.9 and 5.6
o construct dike around the highly contamin-
  ated area
o implement all actions listed under Alterna-
  tive B.  Highly, contaminated sediments
  would be removed under zero flow or dry
  conditions.
F.  Within-Basin Diversion
    and Containment of Contamin-
    ated Sediments
Alternate: Use Containment  Area
for Disposal  of Dredged  Material
o divert HSB around the highly contaminated
  area between HSB Miles 3.9 and 5.6
o construct dike around the iiighly contamin-
  ated area
o construct dredged material disposal area
o dredge channel sediments from HSB Mile 3.9
  to 1C Mile 0.0 to a depth of 3 feet
o cover and stabilize channel sediments
  and 185 acres of overbank sediments within •
  diked area

o Same as above except dredged material
  would be disposed of within the diked highly
  contaminated area.
                                         2-2

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       The remedial action alternative originally  recommended  by &
  Government/Citizen Advisory Committee was F*. Like Alternative F,
  F* involves a within-basin diversion of the HSB between HSBK 5.6 and
  3.9 and the containment of DDT sediments located therein.  In F*, the
  containment area will be used for the disposal of material dredged
-* from the area between HSBM 3.9 and I CM 0.0.
       Table 2.2  (taken from the  Executive  Summary of  the  W.A.R.
  Report)  provides an overview of the predicted effectiveness of the
  various   alternatives  and   estimated  costs  of  implementation.
  Although W.A.R. predicts  that F* would be 99.7 percent effective in
  "mitigation"  of the DDT,  W.A.R. notes there are  numerous problems
  associated with alternatives which include  removing and disposing
  of DDT-containing sediments. These problems include (S-51):
            Some D3T will remain'after dredging,
            An  undetermined amount of DDT* transport will
            occur for an unknown  distance during dredging,
            and
            The  potential   exists  for   DDT-cp_ntaining
            materials "to  be "spilled  or" leak"ed~'/durin~gr
            removal.
  W.A.R. concludes  by stating,  "dredging  and  removal can be assumed
  somewhat less effective than in-place containment" (S-53). Another
  problem with F* and similar alternatives is  that  the time required
  for implementation  is long.  W.A.R. estimates that 2.5 years would
  be required for the engineering and design phase  of F*  (or similar
  alternatives)   prior  to  the   initiation  of  field  construction
                                 2-3

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activities.  An additional  six to nine years would be required for


completion of the work.  The implementation timeline for Alternative


F is provided in Figure 2.1 (excerpted from III-124) as a typical


example.


     The remedial  alternatives  proposed  by W.A.R. are expensive.


W.A.R.  estimates   the  cost  for F*  (one  of  the less  expensive


alternatives examined by W.A.R.) to be §88.9 million.  This estimate


may be low considering the implementation timeframe  and the extent


of work required.


     2.2 Environmental Impacts of F*


     Implementation of any of the action alternatives presented by


W.A.R. would have  significant  adverse environmental impacts. Table


2.2 provides a W.A.R. overview of predicted adverse  environmental

             *               .
impacts posed by the alternatives it examined.
                               2-4

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 in
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     The W.A.R. alternatives would necessitate  significant amounts
 of appurtenant construction and destroy  the  major portion of the
 existing natural habitat of HSB and much of 1C. Aquatic habitats and
 wetlands,  which  cover hundreds of acres, would  be  destroyed or
 drastically altered.  Depending upon the alternative chosen, almost
 72 acres of stream bank  (S-29)  would be converted  to access roads,
 over 12 miles  of pipelines with 11 booster pumps (S-27) would be
 installed for transporting dredged material,  187  acres of upland
 habitat (S-30)  would be  converted into disposal areas, and a two to
 three million gallon per day (MGD) water treatment plant and/or a
 four MGD pumping  station would  have to be  constructed. In all, 1000
 acres or more  of upland and water habitat would  be  destroyed  or
 significantly degraded.
     2.3 Other Remedial Actions
     This Proposal  is intended to  develop remedial measures that
will  achieve the  performance standard and the goals and  objectives
of the Consent  Decree.  The studies set forth in this Proposal are
necessary  for  the  adequate  development  and  assessment of  new
alternatives.
                               2-8

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  3.0  QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM
       3_.l Introduction
       The primary' and secondary  laboratories  described below will
  provide quantitative  data  (analytical  test  results) for  use  in
  decision making processes  relative to any final remedial action to
-< be implemented  for the HSB-IC  system.  To be valuable,  sampling
  protocols  and laboratory analytical methods must be appropriate to
  assure (i)  the samples are representative, and (ii}-the laboratory
  data accurately describe the characteristics  and  constituents  of
  samples submitted.   To this end, the following quality assurance
  program wj.ll be followed.
       3.1.1  Program
       The quality assurance program will  include the use of primary,
  secondary   and  referee  laboratories;   specific  parameters  for
  analysis;  standardization of analytical-methods,  instrumentation,
  and laboratory  operations  and  techniques;  and  the blinding  of
  analytical  samples prior to analysis. Additionally, there will be a
  defined intra- and interlaboratory control program.*
    *  Whenever a determination of equivalency of methods,  procedures
      or  equipment  is  required,  Olin and EPA shall  agree upon  such
      determination.
                                 3-1

-------
      3.2 Participating Laboratories
      3.2.1 Primary Laboratory
      The primary  analytical  facility will be  provided by Recra
 Environmental Laboratories. This laboratory is based in Tonawanda,
 New York and is a New York State certified environmental laboratory
 for various analyses performed on drinking water.  It will be the
 responsibility   of.  the  Recra  laboratory  to  maintain  its  own
 laboratory controls and to coordinate interlaboratory  activities
"with secondary laboratories and the referee laboratory.  All samples
 will be analyzed by the staff of the primary laboratory.
      3 .2.2  Secondary Laboratory
      The role of a secondary laboratory is to provide verification
 of  the results  generated  by the primary laboratory. Split samp.les
 prepared by the primary laboratory 'and blinded by an independent
 organization  will be shipped under  appropriate custody  to  'the
 secondary  laboratories.   Additionally, reference samples provided
 by  the referee  laboratory via  the primary laboratory will also
 require analysis.
      Two secondary laboratories are planned for this project.  The
 first is the laboratory  of  the Olin  Corporation  in Charleston,
 Tennessee.  The  second is  the Olin laboratory at its research center
 in Connecticut.
                               3-2

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     3.2.3 Referee Laboratory



     The  referee  laboratory for this program is the  Region IV,



Athens, Georgia laboratory of the EPA. The referee laboratory will



provide   evaluation  samples   for   the   primary  and  .secondary



laboratories,  review  split  reference   samples,   evaluate  each



laboratory's performance,  and  assist in  the identification  and



solution of any analytical discrepancies and/or problems that arise



over the course of the analytical phase of the project. The referee



laboratory  will also  be  involved  in  selecting  and  using  each



analytical procedure (especially those concerning DDT) to insure



the validity of the analytical data.



     The referee laboratory will analyze 5% of all DDT samples. The



primary laboratory will provide these samples in  duplicate after



blinding by an outside  firm. -For those samples sent to the referee



laboratory (EPA), a  total  of five  (5)*  blinded  aliguots  will  be



prepared with 2 subsamples sent to EPA and one (1) subsample sent to



each of  the  secondary  and primary  laboratories.  The  analytical



results of these samples will be compared to determine  laboratory



equivalency.



     3.3  Analytical Parameters



     3.3.1 Biological Samples



     The only biological samples to be collected,  at least during



the initial phase of this project, are fish from the HSB-IC system.



Other fauna,  including  waterfowl, have been collected and analyzed
                               3-3

-------
 as  a  part of past projects.  Other aquatic biota samples such as


 algae, benthic macroinvertebrates  and zooplankton also have been


 collected in previous studies. It is not this  Proposal's intent to


 duplicate these efforts but rather to use, wherever possible, the


 results available from the W.A.R. Report.


     Both fish fillet and the offal will be analyzed as a part of


 this program.  The offal analysis is included to determine the whole


 body concentration and to address the concern  of biomagnification.


 Both fillet and offal results may also be compared to the analyses


performed during  other studies  by previous investigators.  Offal


 represents the  remainder of the carcass after the fillets have been


 removed and  skinned.  The skin is  included  as part of the offal.


Analysis of both fillets and offal will permit construction of whole


body residue concentrations.  •


     Analysis will include qualification and quantification of DDT
    v

and lipid  (% fat)  content in both the fillet and offal samples.


   '  3.3.2 Sediment Samples


     The  collected sediment  samples,  as  further  described  in


Section 5 of this proposed scope  of work, will be analyzed for the


following:


      •    wer weight, dry weight and moisture content


      •    grain size distribution


      •    total organic content (total volatile solids)


      •    DDT
                               3-4

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     3.3.3  Water Samples


     Water  samples  collected as a part  of this  project will be


 analyzed  to  determine  DDT  content  in  both  the  dissolved and


 suspended phases. Whole (total) water samples will be analyzed for


 total  suspended solids and  DDT content.   Suspended particulates


 (after  separation by filtration)  will also be  analyzed for DDT.


 Additionally, at the time  of  water sample collection, the following


 measurements will also be made and provided to the .secondary and/or


 referee laboratories:


      •   pH


      •   specific conductance


      •   temperature


      •   dissolved oxygen


      •   alkalinity


     3.4 Analytical Methodologies


    'One of the major  factors in  a  successful  interlaboratory


quality  control  program   is   standardization   of  analytical


methodologies.   Although   numerous  methodologies  from  various
                                                        /

sources are available for the above  parameters of  interest,  the


following methods will be  used in this project. All of the following


methods are consistent with "accepted" state-of-the-art analytical


techniques, have been used in past studies, and are available to the


primary, secondary, and referee laboratories.-"
                               3-5

-------
     3.4.1  Biological Samples.
     Both the fish fillet and the offal will be analyzed as a part of
this program. Filets will be skinned and the skin will be included as
part of the offal during sample preparation and subsegv  it analysis.
     Fish samples (both fillet and offal) will be analyzed for lipid
(% fat) content and DDT according to  the  "Interim Method  for the
Sampling and Analysis of Priority Pollutants in Sediment and Fish
Tissue" as presented by EPA in August  1977-(revised October 1980).
This  document  presents  two  procedures  for  the  analysis  of
chlorinated pesticides in fish. For consistency with past studies,
Method A (the blender method) will be employed, except that an ultra
sonic  probe  (or  Brinkman  P-plytron)   will  be  used  during  the
extraction procedure in lieu of a blender to  reduce the possibility
of cross contamination.  Past work has shown that the homogeneity of
the sample is" critical to the reliabili-ty of the analytical data.
Therefore, the fish fillets  and offals will be put through the meat
grinder three times to assure homogeneity of the sample.
     3.4.2 Sediment Samples                             '
     After removal of twigs,  rocks and/or other debris and thorough
homogenization, DDT content of collected sediment samples will be
determined by EPA methods.  Specifically,  the procedure outlined in
"Organochlorine   and  Organophosphorus  Insecticide  in   Bottom
Sediment" (Section 11B) from the Manual of Analytical Methods for
the Analysis of Pesticides in Human ^nd Environmental Samples (EPA-
                               3-6

-------
  600/8-80-038, June I960)-will be used with the exception that the
  Soxhlet extraction procedure will  be substituted  for the column
  extraction procedure.  The  determination of moisture content of the
  sediment is also addressed in the above referenced procedure.
       Grain size analysis of  collected  sediment  will be completed
-* using methods  consistent with or  equivalent to tthose procedures
  employed by TVA and reported by W.A.R. Specifically, an electronic
  particle size procedure  (Welch et al.,  and Micrometric Instrument
  Corp,) utilizing a Sedigraph Model 5000D particle size  analyzer (or
  equivalent) will be used.
       The  association  between  DDT  and  particle   size  will  be
  ascertained by direct analysis of the sand and silt plus clay size
  fractions and by regression/correlation analysis for the specific
  silt and clay fractions as identified by the Sedigraph 5000D (or
  equivalent).
       3.4.3 Water Samples
       At  the time of  sample collection,  field measurements of pK,
  temperature, specific  conductance  and dissolved  oxygen will  be
  made. The  methods to be used for determining these parameters are
  contained in EPA  manual of Methods  for  Chemical  Analysis of Water
  and Wastes (EPA-600/4-79-020, March 1979). Actual procedures are as
  follows:
                                 3-7

-------
           PH
           specific conductance
           temperature
           dissolved oxygen
Method 150.1
Method 120.1
Method 170.1
Method 360.1
Laboratory  analysis  of water samples for total  suspended solids
(non-filterable residue) will be done according to Method 160.2, set
forth in the above reference.  Alkalinity of water samples will be
determined according to Method 310.1.
     The DDT of the whole  (total) water  sample  (usually 1 liter)
will be determined via EPA Method 617 (EPA, July 1982). This method,
although not specifically referenced in past  studies, is equivalent
to  the  previously  used  methods.   This  equivalency  will  be
demonstrated.
     Suspended solids/particulate DDT determinations will  employ
the Soxhlet extraction procedures (Section 11A from the Manual of
Analytical  Methods  for the Analysis  of  Pesticides in  Humaji  and
Environmental Samples).  Suspended p.articulates will be .separated
from  the whole  (total)  water  sample   via large  volume  water
filtration  through  pre-extracted  glass  fiber filters  [U.S.  EPA,
Test Methods for Evaluating Solids:- Physical and Chemical Methods
SW-846,  Method 7.2 (1980)]. Due to  the low  concentration (5 to 50
mg/£) of suspended solids in the water samples, five to eight liters
of water must be filtered to provide sufficient quantity of sediment
for DDT analysis.  The glass fiber filters and  filtered  materials,
                               3-8

-------
  after being dessicant-dried to a control weight, will be extracted


  directly and subjected to DDT quantification. The filtrate (water


  phase) will be  analyzed for DDT using the procedure specified above

  for whole water.


       In the past, difficulty  has arisen  during the  analysis  for


'•= total and suspended DDT of water samples. The sum of the quantity of


  DDT in the water phase and the DDT in the sediment phase  did  not


  equal the DDT found in the total sample. This error generally arises


  because very large volumes of water with very  small concentrations


  of sediment have to be  analyzed.


       Present plans call for the analysis of total water and both the


  dissolved and the suspended fractions as previously defined.  After


  completion of  the analysis the sum pf the fractions (dissolved and

  suspended)  will be compared to the separately determined total water

  sample DDT  content.  It is anticipated that differences  will  exist
       v
  between these two values.  On a  case-by-case basis, the extent of the

  relative error  will be assessed.  Eased upon the techniques employed

  and as long as the total suspended solids remain relatively low,  the


  total water sample  analytical  result will be considered to be most


  reliable.' All three DDT analyses will be reported.

       3.5  Intralaboratory Quality Control Plans

       3.5.1  Facilities


       All participating laboratories will be of sufficient  size  and

  capability  " to  assure   the   necessary  amount   of  work-space,
                                 3-9

-------
ventilation,  separation  of  analytical  activities,  heating  or



cooling,  solvent  storage,  sample storage,  etc.,  to  assure the



successful completion of the analytical programs.



     3.5.2  Chain-of-Custody and Sample Handling and Storage



     Water and sediment samples will be placed in pre-cleaned glass



bottles with  TEFLON-lined lids.   Fish samples will be wrapped in



aluminum foil. All samples will be preserved in accordance with EPA



recommendations.   All   samples  will  be handled under chain-of-



custody procedures which will apply to  all laboratories used in this



study. An example custody form is attached as Figure 3.1.



     Upon  receipt  of  samples  and  after  appropriate  inventory



activities  (logging,  labelling,  etc.)  are completed,  water and



sediment samples will be stored in Recra's secured  800 ft1 walk-in
              *               •


cooler  which  is  maintained  at  4°C.  " Special  cooling  system



modifications have been implemented  to guarantee against loss of



samples due to freezing.  Storage  time prior to analyses  will not



exceed r'ec'ommendations  in the  above-referenced procedures,  i.e.,



water samples must be extracted within seven days  and  completely



analyzed within 30 days of collection.  Holding time criteria will



apply  to  all  participating laboratories.   Fish  samples,  after



inventory, will be'maintained in a locked freezer until analysis.



Custody  of samples  will  be  maintained  during  analysis  using



permanently bound  separation-laboratory  and analysis-laboratory



notebooks. All chromatographs, preparation sheets and forms.
                               3-10

-------
                                      FIGURE. 3.1
                                 RECRA RESEARCH. INC
                               CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD
  PROJECT* .

STUDY AREA:,
PROJECT NAME:.
.SAMPLERS SIGNATURE:.
STATION*
•



•



-
















DATE











'
Relinquished By.
Relinquished By:
Method of Shipment
TIME






•




~
Dale/Time:
Date/Time
Shipped By:
SUBSAMPLE
CODES








-



Rscsivsd By:
Received By:
Received By:
TOTAL #OF
SAMPLES












REMARKS






•




• — 	
Comments:
Comments:
Comments:
      Recieved for Laboratory:,

      Job s:	
              Authori/aiion
              for Disposal: .
      Date/Time,
             Type of Disposal:,

             Date of Disposal:.
                                        3-8

-------
etc., will be maintained and available for inspection and review by
interested parties.  All written information will be retained for
five years after completion and approval of  the  project report.
After analysis,  samples will be retained until the final report is
accepted by the United States.
     3.5.3 Laboratory Personnel and Ec^uipment
     Laboratory  personnel  will  be experienced residue  or  water
quality analysts or under the close supervision of such qualified
persons.
     All laboratory equipment,  including the 63... electron capture
gas  liquid  chromatographs,  shall be  covered  by  manufacturers'
service contracts, unless  other arrangements for maintenance  of
such  equipment  are  provided.   Instrument  maintenance  quality
control includes  at least the following:
      •    determination   of   chromatographic   column
          efficiency   (theoretical   plates)   -   after
          initial packing
      •    daily  monitoring  of  absolute  retention  and.
       '  .relative  (to""aldrin) retention  times -  all
          samples;  aldrin  may  also  be  used as   a'
          surrogate,    in   the    absence    of   other
          chromatographic  interferences
      •    daily evaluation of  GC  columns to  ensure no
          breakdown of DDT is occurring on column
      •    daily monitoring of response factors  for DDT
          and metabolite standards
      •    daily linearity of standard curves
      •    daily  determination  of  column   resolution
          capabilities
                               3-12

-------
      Personnel at all participating laboratories will maintain this

 information in bound logs which  will  be available for review  or

 inspection.

      3.5.4 Data Quality Assurance

      The  overall  data  quality  assurance  activities   of the

 participating laboratories will include a minimum  of approximately

 30 percent of the total work load.  Quality control limits will  be

 established during the method equivalency period (at the initiation

 of the proposed scope of  work) and will be continually verified  by

 each laboratory throughout the life of  the project.   During the

 method equivalency program, replicate samples will be analyzed  by

 each participating laboratory.  Evaluation of  these results will

 allow for  the  establishment  of warning and control limits. As the

^project progresses, a number  of additional control  measures will  be

 completed  in order  to  further  refine  these limits as  necessary.

 These control techniques include:

      •    analysis of replicate samples and spike samples. .  __.,

      •    analysis of standard reference materials

      •    analysis   of  independently  blinded  samples
           which  are  analyzed  by  the  Region  IV  EPA
           (referee)  laboratory  and  the  primary  and
           secondary laboratories.

      3__. S. 4.1  Precision

      The precision (reproducibility) of analytical results will be

 based upon a minimum of ten percent of the samples being analyzed in

 duplicate.  The results  of these duplicate analyses  will allow for
                               3-13

-------
 the establishment of x charts specifically  related to the project.
 These charts, commonly called Shewhart Control Charts, will contain
 both upper and lower warning and control  limits,  based upon the
 standard  deviation of the  replicate  analysis.  Generally,  or at
 least initially, these limits are set  at plus and minus one and two
 standard   deviations,  respectively,  of   the  relative  standard
 deviation values.
     Analytical  results  falling  outside the  control limits will
 require re-analysis.  If the re-analysis falls outside the control
 limits, the reason will  be  identified (operator error, equipment
 malfunction, etc.). After the problem has been corrected, the entire
 lot of  samples  will be  re-analyzed  along with the appropriate
 standards and blanks.
     3.5.4.2 .Accuracy
     Accuracy limits will be determined^for both "absolute"  and
 "relative" recovery. Absolute recovery  is  based  upon the addition
 of spikes to blanks and relative recovery is  based  upon the addition
 of spikes  to samples.  Experience shows that absolute recovery is
 almost always within warning limits unless the problems associated
with the  analysis  are  instrument  related.   Generally,  absolute
 recoveries  are  most indicative  of method/control  verification;
 relative recovery,  on the other hand, of analytical/analyst control
 and/or matrix effects.
                               3-14

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       The  accuracy  of  analysis  will  be  monitored • by  performing



  percent recovery of known constituent  additions on a minimum of ten



  percent of  the samples.  The percent recovery less 100  percent



  (percent bias) will be plotted  on R  charts.  From the  individual



  values  of percent  bias,   the  mean  and  standard deviation  are



'* calculated.   The warning limits  (UWL  and  LWL)  and control limits



  (UCt and LCL) are initially set at the mean ±10% bias,  and at the



  mean ±20%  bias,   respectively.   In  the   event  that  accuracy



  measurements are above or below warning limits,  the  analyst  will



  examine the  system/protocol  to retard  loss of control.   If  bias



  values indicate greater than the mean ±20% bias,  samples will be re*



  analyzed.   In  the  event that samples  are  not available  for  re-



  analysis,  out-of-control data will be  so identifed and not used in



  further evaluations  for purposes  of developing  remedial action



  alternatives.
      v


       3.5.4.3 Sample Blinding



       One  of  the main  quality control  measures,  which  will  be



  employed in  this project, is sample blinding. All samples collected



  for analysis  (fish,  water and  sediment)  will be blinded.   The



  samples which are split and sent to all participating laboratories



  for analysis will  be  blinded by  an  outside party which is  not



  connected with this project  in  any  manner. The  samples  will  be



  blinded by  replacing  existing labels with randomly distributed



  laboratory numbers.  Only the  blinding party will have the key which
                                 3-15

-------
 identifies the samples.  The identity of the individual samples will
 remain unknown to all analytical laboratories  (Recra, Olin (2) and
 EPA) until all analyses have been completed and results submitted to
 the blinding agent.
      The  samples which  are  to  be  analyzed  by  only the  Recra
slaboratory will be blinded by Recra upon arrival at Recra. During
 analysis,   the  sample  will be  identified  by  only a  laboratory
 job/control number.  The identity of the sample will not be revealed
 to the laboratory analysts. Blinding  in this manner will minimize
 the time required for the generation of analytical data  and will
 permit expeditious processing  of samples and data while assuring a
 high degree of quality assurance.
      3.5.4.4 Additional Control Measures
      In   addition   to  the " above  precision   and   accuracy
 determinations, other  control measures "will also be  employed  to
 insure intralaboratory quality control.  The most important of  these
 is the use of standard reference materials (SRM's). SRM's for  water
 analysis,  including DDT and metabolites, are  currently available
 from EPA  or  commercial concerns such as  Environmental  Resource
 Associates  (ERA).   SRM's   for   pesticides  (including  DDT and
 metabolites) in fish are also available. The SRM for sediment DDT is
 being developed by Recra.  The source of the sediment for this SRM  is
 the overbank area near the old waste ditch.
                               3-16

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     As an integral part of the quality control program,  SRM's will

be analyzed with each lot or analytical batch of water, sediment, or

fish samples.  The  results of  these  analyses will be plotted and

reviewed relative to established control limits on a frequency of no

less than ten percent of the work-load or with each set of analysis

(if less than  10  samples).  The method  equivalency  program which

will use the above SRW's also allows for establishment of warning

and control limits for the SRM charts.

     Other quality control means to be employed include, but are not

necessarily limited  to,  the following:

      •    establishment of five point calibration curves
          on a daily basis;

      •    analysis of a  mid-range standard every tenth
          sample to verify maintenance of linearity  and
          consistency of standard curve;

      •    analysis of method blanks on a 'frequency of one
          every ten samples  or one blank- on each set of
          analysis  if   less  than   ten  samples  in  a
          set/batch;

      •    re-injection     and     gas   '  chromatograph
          interpretation of  samples analyzed'  after  any
          sample  which  exceeded  50  percent  of  the,
          analytical range  in order  to  guard •against
          "ghosting";

      •    verification   of the absence of  contaminants
          and/or  -interference  in    extraction   (or
          cleaning)  solvents; and

      •    use of field blanks to verify that samples were
          not  contaminated  during  field  handling  and
          transportation.
                               3-17

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      3.6  Interlabo.ratory Quality Control Plan

      3 .6.1 General Requirements

      The proposed program as  outlined  above will be practiced by

 both the primary and secondary laboratories.  It is also anticipated

 that, dependent  upon the  degree  of  involvement of  the  referee
i
 laboratory (Region  IV, EPA, Athens,  Georgia),  the  above  quality

 control  plan  will  be  utilized by  the referee  laboratory.   The

 interlaboratory control plan  will  be primarily  used to  control

 overall  laboratory  bias  and to resolve analytical  discrepancies

 that may arise.

      The splitting of samples will  be  the responsibility of  the

 primary  laboratory.  Blinding 'of samples will be the responsibility

 of an independent concern.  In addition to reviewing the analysis of

 the  split  sample  results,it  will also be the responsibility of the
                                        A
 primary  laboratory  to  design  and  implement the  interlaboratory

 equivalency program.

  .......The role  of the referee -  laboratory will-be  to-anal-yze blind

 samples  and provide other  quality  control  samples,  as deemed

 necessary,  to  both  the primary and secondary laboratories.  The

 referee  laboratory  will  be  asked  to play  a   major  role   if

 discrepancies in the analytical results are  identified.

      3. 6.2 Method Ecjuivalency

      Despite the  standardization of procedures as addressed in  the

 above subsection, differences (bias) will undoubtedly exist between
                               3-18

-------
participating laboratories.  If differences become significant, the.

reasons for  the  bias will have  to be  determined.  To  make this

determination,  the  primary  laboratory  will  implement  a  method

equivalency program.  This program will be implemented prior to the

actual analysis of any collected soil/sediment or fish samples.

     This  program   consists  of  a  step-by-step  assessment  to

establish  where  the bias(es)  of  each  participating  laboratory

exist.  The initial sample splitting and subsequent data review will

indicate the  total  bias between  the  participating laboratories.

Areas in which differences can originate include homogenization",

splitting,  extraction,   clean-up,   and  instrumentation  or  data

interpretation.  The  method/laboratory equivalency program is based

upon the use of fish and water SRK's and is illustrated in Figure

3.2.

     To directly or  indirectly  evaluate these various aspects of
                                       A
bias,- the following procedure will be followed:

    .  •    extracts   or   composite  extracts  will   be
          subdivided and sent by Recra to participating
         -laboratories;  and

      •    a  set  of  extracts will  be  prepared  by'the
          secondary and  referee laboratories and  sent to
          the primary laboratory.

     Based upon the results of the analysis of the split extracts,

the instrumental or  interpretive  bias  of the laboratories can be

assessed.   With  multiple  injection  of  each  extract  and  the

submission of copies of chromatographs and standard curves,
                               3-19

-------
                       FIGURE
          METHOD/LABORATORY EQUIVALENCY PROGRAM
                           SRM

                       Primary Lab(Soil SRM Preparation)
          I
        Referee
          Lab

          I
      5  Replicate
        Analysis
 Secondary
   Labs

     I
5 Replicate
  Analysis
   n
  Primary
    Lab
5 Replicate
 Analysis
                         Initial
                         Extract
               1  m£  of
              § Replicate
            From each  lab
              returned  to
              Primary Lab
           Concentrate

            Florisil

         Preconcentrate
                I
                          I
                      1 m£ of
                     % Replicate
                   From each lab
                     returned to
                     Primary Lab
                     Analyze each
                       Replicate
                     Multiple (3)
                   • injections  of
                   each Replicate
Distribution of SRM
materials to Referee
Secondary Laboratories
                     All results
                   including logs,
                   chromatographs
                   standards and
                   samples)  sent to
                 Primary Laboratory
                ;for review  prior to
                   meeting of all
             participating laboratories
                         3-20

-------
the primary laboratory will also be able to indirectly address bias



due  to  injection techniques  and  interpretation  and calculation



procedures.



     Additionally,  if  extract cleanup is generally required,  the



secondary and referee laboratories will analyze the extracts after,



as well as before, cleanup to address  differences that may be caused



by the use of Florisil column chromatography  and subsequent  re-



concentrati on.



     Extraction  procedures  bias  can  be  determined  from  the



analytical data of the  split extract samples sent by the secondary



and referee laboratories to the primary laboratory.



     Finally, but of great importance, is the review of the above



incremental  differences in comparison to  the total  sample bias



between laboratories.  This  comparison will reflect the homogeneity



of the sample splitting procedures which past experiences have shown



to be a significant consideration in overall data quality assurance.



     This method equivalency program will be implemented after  the



initial split sample results are received and reviewed. The majority



of this  program will be  concentrated within  a single relatively



short (approximately two months) time  frame but will continue less



intensely over the duration of  the Consent Decree.
                               3-21

-------

-------
4.0  FISH STUDIES  .



     4.1  Introduction



     The majority of  the fish studies reported by W.A.R.  focused on



the Tennessee Paver.  A few included the 1C but the HSB  itself was



rarely  sampled.  For  example,  in the 1970  Alabama Department of



Conservation  and the 1971  Alabama Department of Agriculture and



Industry surveys (11-21,  23), no  HSB-1C  stations were sampled.  No



fish were  collected  from HSB-IC stations  in the W.A.R.-TVA .fish



survey of June-July 19SO  (11-172).   In the 1977-1979  Food and Drug



Administration (FDA)  surveys, the HSB and 1C were not sampled (II-



27). In the 1975-1977 FDA analyses of fish taken from area markets,



the origins of the fish were not established (S-7).  In the April-May



and June-October 1979 TVA project, no fish were collected from HSB.



However, channel catfish, white  crappie', gizzard  shad,  smalimouth
                                        A


buffalo, white bass,  and largemouth bass from 1C were analyzed (II-



167-169).  Similarly,  the November 1977 and June and September 1976



TVA' surveys (11-29) included fish from 1C but not the HSB. The same



was true for the Fall  1979 analysis (11-171).



     Samples were collected from HSB stations in only three previous



fish monitoring projects.  In 1977,  TVA analyzed whole body samples



of  shortnose  gar,  gizzard  shad,  white   bass,   black crappie,



freshwater drum and bluegills collected from HSB (11-25). The same



year, the Army Environmental Hygiene Agency analyzed HSB goldfish



and gar  (11-22).   In 1979,  the  TVA  collected gizzard  shad  and
                               4-1

-------
  bluegills from the mouth of HS3 (V-Task 2). At HSBM 4.0, TVA did not



  collect  largemouth  and   smallmouth  bass,  smallmouth  buffalo,



  bluegill, white crappie, white bass, and gizzard shad for analysis


  (V-Task 1), perhaps because there were no fish there at that time.



       As  indicated above,  the information  on  HSB  fish  is  very



"* limited.  No data exist concerning three  fish in  the HSB,  i_._e_.,


  channel  catfish,   largemouth  bass,    and   smallmouth  buffalo.


  Accordingly,  the  levels of DDT in  these  fish in HSB is unknown.


  W.A.R.  did provide a  limited amount  of  data  on  fish (catfish,


  smallmouth buffalo and gizzard shad) from  Indian Creek. Additional


  data is needed  for both 1C and HSB in order to define the existing


  environmental concentrations .of DDT in the species of fish present


  in 1C and HSB.   The  effect of remedial actions  on  the nektonic


  community cannot be assessed without  this baseline information.


       Without  additional data specific to HSB, one cannot reach valid
       v

  conclusions  concerning  the significance  of  fish migration in the


  area (one of W.A.R._^s cited potential mechanisms  of contamination,


  S-17).   There  is   insufficient information  to  determine  if  fish


  migration is occurring from HSB or 1C to the TR or vice-versa.  Given


  the lack of data  on  fish migration and DDT  levels, the need for


  remedial action designed to prevent fish movement into or out of the


  HSB-IC  system (or  segments thereof) to reduce DDT  levels in-fish


  cannot  be assessed.  The conclusions  of the W.A.R.  Report  with


  respect to fish are based primarily on  data on TR fish. Information
                                 4-2

-------
 specifically obtained  from 1C  and HSB  samples  is  required to

 supplement the  W.A.R.  conclusions and to develop suitable remedial

 actions.  To these ends, monitoring  programs for fish in 1C and HSB

 have been developed.

      4.2 Program Objectives

      The    fish  monitoring   program  will   provide   data  on

 concentrations  of DDT in fish in the HSB-1C study area to complement

 the more regionally-oriented data of the W.A". R. Report.

      The purpose is to:

      •    Provide  estimates of DDT  in  fish and relative
           abundance of fish at specific locations for use
           in choosing  and assessing possible remedial
           actions;

      •    Develop  a sufficient data base to predict the
           short-    and  long-term  impacts of proposed
           remedial actions; and

      •    Establish baseline   data  to   monitor  the
         •  effectiveness of any remedial laction measures
           over time.


     4.3 Utilization of W.A.R. Data

     W.A.R.  data will be utilized to the extent possible. A large

amount of data was generated for fish in the TR.  This  information is

believed to provide an  adequate data base for  fish in the Wheeler,

Wilson, and  Guntersville Reservoirs. However,  additional sampling

of the TR will be conducted near (both Upstream and downstream)' the

confluence of Indian Creek. This data can be used to  assess natural

changes occurring  in   the  system  and  will   ensure that  future
                               4-3

-------
comparisons are based on a full and complete data base.  Based upon

the extent of W.A.R.  and TVA data, no sampling locations on the TR

beyond five miles of  the IC-TR confluence are planned at this time.

The W.A.R. data appears sufficient for the goals of this project and

further  sampling of  the  TR would  not add  significantly  to the

existing data base.

     The existing data base, and the  two planned sampling locations

in TR,  will  be used to help develop the long-term monitoring program

and to help  identify  any necessary additional appropriate sampling

locations.

     This Proposal will concentrate primarily on fish in and near

the HSB-IC  system.   The  data  to be  generated  will be used  in

conjunction with all available W.A.R. information on HSB-IC fish, as

discussed belbv.   The W.A.R, HSB-IC fish data have been utilized to

identify the types of fish  which might be "encountered in the various
    v
sections of  the  study area and,  in combination with  a consideration

of the  site characteristics, have_also he_lped  define .  the  most

appropriate  sampling  techniques and sample locations.

     4.4 Program Design

     The specific design of the fish monitoring program is detailed

in the  following subsections.   These  subsections  set forth  the

sampling locations and schedule, the kinds of equipment to be used,

the types of  fish to be  collected, and  the sample  handling and

analytical procedures.  In  addition, some of the concerns considered
                               4-4

-------
during the development of  this  program or expressed by  concerned
parties are also discussed.
     4.4.1  Sampling Locations
     Eight locations on the HSB and 1C will be sampled in the fish
monitoring program. These locations, shown on Figure 4-1, are:
     1.   HSB near Martin Road bridge and Gate 1 of RSA,
     2.   HSB near Fatten Road bridge,
     3.   HSB in the vicinity of the former DDT plant,
     4.   HSB upstream of Dodd Road bridge,
     5.   1C near  Centerline Road bridge,
     6.   1C near  the RSA boundary (ICM 1.0),
     7.   1C near  Martin Road bridge, and
     8.   HSB between HSBM 1.0 and HSBM 2.0.
     These sampling locutions were selected for a number of reasons.
Sites 1  and 2  are  located at  the  HSB ""upstream of  Reach A.   No
information has been generated to date on the  types and sizes of fish
inhabiting the upstream area_or the levels  of DDT  in these fish.
These sites  were  selected to help determine  if fish upstream of
Reach A contain elevated levels of DDT  and  to determine if measures
should be taken to isolate fish in these areas from the section of
the HSB downstream of Patton Road.
     Site 4 is roughly at the downstream boundary of Reach .A. Site 3
is located in HSB  near HSBM 5.0.  Site  3 will  provide data on fish
within Reach A.
                               4-5

-------
     Sites  5  and 6 are  within  Reach  C.   In  conjunction with the
W.A.R.  data,  samples  collected from  these sites will be used to
establish the levels of DDT in fish in the various portions of Reach
C.  These sites  are  important because they represent the transition
zone between the HSB  and TR  and must  be traversed by fish moving
between  HSB and TR.  In addition, Site 6, at ICM 1.0, is the point of
the RSA closest to Triana. Site 7 is located  on 1C upstream of the
confluence  of the HSB.  Like Site 1,  Site 7 was selected to help
determine if fish containing DDT are present in other portions of
the HSB-IC  system.   Observations of  fish at  this  site also may
provide  information  nelpful in  understanding  the  patterns  of
movement of fish in this system.
    'Site 8 is  located within Reach B and will provide a point for
comparison with  Reaches A and C.  Site 8 was not sampled during 1982
by Olin (Recra) . Site  8 was added to the list of sample locations in
order to provide a more  complete picture  of  the  fish species and
their DDT concentrations within  HSB and IC..,w.S.ampj..iuq at. Site.a will.
begin ir. February 1983 .
                               4-6

-------

-------
       In addition to the eight sampling points within HSB and 1C,  two

  locations on the  Tennessee  River will also be sampled.  One point

  will be upstream of the  IC-TR confluence in. the vicinity of TRM 323.

  The other sampling point will be in the vicinity of TRM 319 which is

  downstream of the IC-TR confluence (TRM 320.9).
,-s
       4.4.2 Sampling Frecmency

       Under the  monitoring program, fish will be collected monthly

  for a year.  Each monthly collection will require four to five days

  to complete during which time each site will be sampled  one to  two

  times.   Fish distribution patterns are  influenced by a  number of

  factors  including seasonal fluctuations in water temperature, depth

  and area extent of the water pool,  food supply availability,  and

  other  habitat conditions.  The effect of the pool elevations  and

 .seasonal changes in the  chemical and physical characteristics of  the
                                         +•
  water^on the fish must be investigated.

      A long-term  fish  sampling  program comparing relative fish

 -.spscies  abundance  is  included as-a-feasible method of collferl-iTiyf

  evidence of fish migration.  Although exact  fish migration patterns

  in the  HSB-IC   system   cannot be established  by  this  method,

  variations in the composition of the nektonic community could allow

  one to infer if  migration (or movement) is occurring.  Portions of

  the original sampling schedule have been completed  (see Table 4.1).

  The new program entails collecting monthly samples  at the proposed

  sites from August 1962 through May 1983  (thereby providing data  for
                                4-8

-------
    a complete year from June 1982 through May 1983).  Sampling at sites

    6, 8, 9 and 10 will continue on a monthly basis through August 1983.

         4_.4.3 Sampling Protocol

         To the  extent possible, the  fish sampling program will be

    directed towards channel catfish, largemouth bass,  and smallmouth

    buffalo.  These fish  were selected because  they can  be food for

    humans and because  of  the existing data base for these fish in the

    Wheeler Reservoir.   Channel catfish is the primary species showing

    DDT levels greater  than  5  ppm.  Also, due to their feeding habits,

    monitoring these three species of fish may provide information on

    DDT in the food chain in this section of the Wheeler Reservoir.  For

    example, the  preferred  food- of young largemouth  bass  includes

    crustaceans,  insects,  zooplankton,  and  other invertebrates.  Adult
                 »           •     *
    .largemouth bass prefer  small fish  such as yellow  bass, channel
                                            *
    catfish, perch, gizzard shad, and trout.  Adult channel catfish feed

    on crustaceans,  mollusks, plants, and small fish such as minnows.

-_ .• ,.Sma,llmouth .buffalo  tend to feed-on plants- such s-s- dtzckweed-,-'algae,~

    protozoans,  insects',  and crustaceans  such  as copepods{ summarized

    from 11-156).
                                   4-9

-------
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      W.A.R.  data  indicated  that  largemouth  bass,  smallmouth



 buffalo, and channel catfish may be rare, or absent,  at several of



 the  sampling  locations.   Other  fish  including  gar,  bluegills,



 sunfish, bullheads, white bass,  goldfish and gizzard  shad are more



 frequently encountered.  Therefore, all  species of fish  taken at



 each station will be retained for analysis (up to a maximum of 6 fish



 per species).  The criteria  for selection of fish for analysis is to



 retain fish of each species collected at a given site and to save for



 analysis, when possible, a sufficient number of fish (generally six)



 to provide  an adequate  mass of  fillet and  offal   for  complete



 analysis including the  previously  outlined  quality  assurance



 procedures.  Additionally, efforts will be made to  collect similar



 fish at all stations  in order to generate a representative picture



 of the types of fish present arid the levels of DDT in these species.



 This is important because  residues in one Species of fish at one site
     •»


 cannot  be compared with  residues in  another species of  fish  at



 another site.
rf- . -V. *• „ ... . • KT- 1*b •« •"*••» • —.,  -


   •  The fact that channel catfish,  largemouth bass and smallmouth



 buffalo may  not be  present  or collected at several of  the  stations



 should  not  be  construed  as a criticism  of  the  sampling program



 viability.  To develop  a  meaningful long-term monitoring program,



 one  needs to know what  types  of fish are  present and  the relative



 ease with  which they  can be caught.  The  knowledge  of the fish



 present is critical to  the  development of the  monitoring program.
                               4-11

-------
Parallel  to  the fish  collection,  Olin will.perform a literature
study of the life cycle, habits, etc., of the species in the HSB-IC
system to help explain the presence or absence of specific species
at specific locations.
     Due  to  the variety  of fish which  may be present,  several
different  collection  methods  will  be  employed.   The  relative
effectiveness of various sampling equipment  for different types .of
fish are  compared  in Table  4.2.  Four methods will be employed in
this project.  These are seining, trotlines,  gill nets and shocking
(either  from a  boat  or by  wading  using  a  portable,  backpack
electrofishing  outfit  -  Model  BP-2  manufactured  by  Coffelt
Electronics Company,  Englewood,  Colorado).  All four methods may be
employed at eacn site since the relative effectiveness of each will
vary with site characteristics and the types of fish present.  Each
collection will  be  carefully documented with respect to species of
fish"caught, methods used,  size of area fished,  time required to
collect,  etc.
                               4-12

-------
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     The value of using Rotenone at each station  on a semiannual



basis will be evaluated during this project. Utilization of Rotenone



shall be subject to approval by the RP.  This collection method would



give a good  estimate of species composition and relative abundance.



This is similar to Task 2 in the W.A.R. Report.  The monthly sampling



program will provide guidance on the critical times of the year as to



when the fish population may be high or low.  The fish collected by



Rotenone can also be used for DDT analysis since Rotenone does not



interfere with the DDT analysis.



     At each station,  up to six individuals of all species of fish



found, will  be collected, if possible.  The weight and length of each



fish will be recorded.  The  fish  will  then be  wrapped in aluminum



foil, frozen, and shipped by air freight to Recra's Tonawanda, New



York  laboratory  for   analysis   (and/or  subsequent  shipment  to



secondary   and   referee  quality  control   laboratories).   'Each



collected  fish  will  be  field  identified  with  the  following



information:   project  number,   specimen  identification  number,



species of  fish,  date of catch and sampling  location.  , Chain • of



custody forms will be initiated  at the time of collection.  Fish



captured but not saved for analysis will be noted and released.  As



indicated  previously,  changes  in the  types,  composition  and



abundance of  fish at  the  various  stations  will be  used as  an



indication of possible fisn migration.
                               4-14

-------
     The  following  guides will  be  used to  identify  the fish

 collected for analysis:

      *   Etnier,  David,   Personal  notes on  Fishes of
          Tennessee, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
          TN, 1976 (rev. 1982).

      •   Eddy,  Samuel, How  to Know Freshwater Fishes,
          William C. Brown, Co. 1957.

      •   Whitaker, John 0., Jr., Keys to the Vertebrates
          of the Eastern United States Excluding Birds,
          Burgess Publishing Co.,  Minneapolis, MM, 1968,
          pl-127.

      •   Kuhn, E.R., A Guide  to the Fishes o£ Tennessee
          and  the  Mid-South.  Tennessee  Department of
          Conservation, Division of Game  and Fish, 1929,
          12 4p.

      •   Smith-Vaniz,  W.  F.,  Freshwater  Fishes  of
          Alabama. Auburn University, Agricultural Exp.
          Station, 1968, 211 p.

             •                .
     4.4.4 Analytical Parameters
                                       A
     The analytical procedures to be employed for the fish are set

forth in Section 3.4.1 of this Proposal.   The  fillet and  offal  of

each fish  will  be-- analyzed •individually if" sufficient mass"  is

available  (approximately  250 grams  each).   Small  fish' will 'be

combined by site and species until the combined weight of 250 grams

is obtained and whole body analysis performed. Percent lipids (total

fat) will also be determined for all samples.

     4.S Mechanism of Fash Contamination

     Evidence collected to date has not provided a clear picture  of

the mechanisms  responsible  for elevated DDT concentrations in fish.
                               4-15

-------
 DDT in fish may occur from numerous pathways but Quantifying the DDT

 contribution of each pathway to the total DDT measured in the fish is

 a difficult undertaking.  For example, do fish accumulate more DDT

 from the passing  of water through  the  gills  or  from  consuming

 benthic  macroinvertebrates  which have ingested DDT from the water?


-------
                               OMNIVQRES&
                            HIGHER CARNIVORES
                            1
                             PRIMARY CARNIVORES
                               HERBIVOROUS
                                  HSH
                      ZOOP LANK TON
                                 PLANTS
             XO1L
                                WATER
                              -I
                              Is
                               BOTTOM
                             ORGANISMS
                                         i_
                                  SEDIMENT
                                               cxcxrnow
                                                4 P£CXT
   rr
FI6URE  4.2
Transport of  DOT  in  an
Ecosystsffl - Adapted  from
AEHA, 1577
ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS,
   MOBILE DISTRICT
                                                Enginaering and Environments! Study
                                          Df DDT Contamination of HunSviHt Sprinc 3rar
                                             Indian Cr*ck, and Adjansfrt Lands *nd Wear:

-------
     The following discusses the conceptual aspects of such a study


 rather  than a definitive  program.   The  design of  the  study can


 proceed   after  further   pre-study  work,   including   detailed


 discussions  with  government experts,  is  completed.  These studies


 may be especially pertinent to  Reaches B and C.


     Numerous laboratory studies have been undertaken to determine


 the  fate  of DDT  and other contaminants  in  both terrestrial and


 aquatic environments. Metcalf et al. ,  (1971) discuss the use of the


 model ecosystem approach,  where an attempt  is made to reproduce (to


 the  extent  possible) in situ  conditions.  Others (Branson,  1978)


 have stated that an  environmental rates approach using a material


 balance equation will  more accurately predict  the environmental


.concentration of contaminants.  In either case, the validity of the


 data generate'd  is subject  to question due  to  the  inability  of


 laboratory conditions to accurately model*the in situ environment.
     *

     In an uptake study, known concentrations of radio-labeled DDT


 could be introduced into a closed system,  and the species .would J?.e.


 tested over time to determine DDT uptake rates. Another type of test


 involves  determining the  rate  of  bioconcentration  from  bottom


 sediment.  DDT could  be introduced into sediments similar to those


 in the KSfi-IC system. Actual DDT contaminated sediments fromHSB-IC


 could also be used. Concentrations of DDT within the sediments could


be varied in various aquariums to determine the effect of sediment


 concentrations on bioconcentrations.- Of special interest may be a
                               4-18

-------
  test  which covers DDT  containing sediments with clay, plastic or

  other material  and  establishes  the  rate  of bioconcentration.

  Finally, it could be  possible,  as Macek et aj..,  (1979) have done, to

  compare the rates of bioconcentration to bioaccumulation in aquatic

  organisms.  The  results of this investigation  showed that, unlike

Bother chemicals,  DDT accumulated in higher trophic levels through

  the food chain, as well as through bioconcentration.

       A field study could be performed to study the uptake  of DDT by

  fish  in HSB-IC.  The  study would  entail obtaining  channel catfish

  from  a hatchery  and dividing them into two groups  - fed and unfed.

  The fish should  be placed in cages and one set of  fish from each

  group suspended  in the water and another set placed on the bottom

  sediment.  Another experiment  would  repeat the above  except the
               »
 bottom sediment  upstream  from the cages would be  disturbed on a

  regular basis over a period of several weelcs.

      The combination  of field and laboratory studies could provide

  an  insight   into the  relationships,  between uptake._(ojr  DDT

 concentrations in fish)  and (1) DDT in the in situ  sediment versus

 suspended sediment,  (2) the effects  of various concentrations of

 DDT in  sediment,  and,   (3) the  effects  of  sediment  isolation

  (covering).  Prior to the  initiation of an uptake  study,  detailed

 literature searches and discussions  with experts in this  field of

 study  must be undertaken to thoroughly define the  objectives and

 parameters of study.
                                4-19

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     4.6 Utilization of Data Base


     The primary uses of the data to be collected in this project are


to help  identify  appropriate  remedial measures and  to" develop a


long-term monitoring program for the area. Migration of fish into


and out  of  the  HSB and 1C has been  suggested as one of  the two


mechanisms by which DDT uptake in TR fish may be occurring (11-173).


The other is in situ exposure. Data concerning species diversity and


abundance collected from sampling of the study area will be used to


discuss the mechanism  (in situ and/or migration) through which DDT


contamination in the fish occurs.


     Some  data has already  been obtained  through  preliminary


sampling (Recra, June and July 1982).  First, channel catfish have


been observed and  collected for analysis at the Dodd Road bridge
             *          *    •

section of  the HSB  (Site 4). The capture-of channel catfish is the
                                        ^

first.direct evidence  that these fish are present in at least the


downstream  portions of  Reach  A during some  parts of  the  year.


Second, young--c-£-the-year  largemouth bass and'~'catfish"fcave been


found in the vicinity of the  old DDT plant  on the HSB '(Site 3).


Future  fish  collections  in the  spring  may provide  additional


evidence  concerning the life habits of fish in the  HSB-1C  area.  The


year-long sampling program  in the  Proposal  may yield the data on


which to base conclusions on the significance  q-f fish migration.


     More importantly, the data will allow one to assess and monitor


the effects of whatever  remedial actions are  selected. A data base
                               4-20

-------
will have been developed concerning types of  fish  common to each
sampled section of the HSB and 1C and levels  of DDT in certain fish
for use in the long-term monitoring program and  also for purposes of
evaluating the short- and long-term environmental assessment (see
Section 7.0).
                               4-21

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 5.0  IN SITU SEDIMENT SAMPLING PROGRAM



      5.1  Introduction



      As  a  means of  assessing  the  regional  DDT  concentration



 distribution  and  the  potential  for  significant  physical  DDT



 transport,  an  in situ  sediment  and water  sampling program  was



"'conducted as a part  of  the W.A.R. Report.  The areas investigated



 include TR and tributaries (both upstream  and downstream of the IC-



 TR  confluence)  in  Wheeler  Reservoir,   the  downstream  Wilson



 Reservoir on the TR, and the upstream Guntersville Reservoir on the



 TR (V-Task 3).



      The vertical distribution of DDT (and soil particle gradation)



 within the  in situ  channel  and  overbank area  sediments is  an



 important historical  indicator of hydraulically related activities.



 Analysis of in" situ sediment  can provide  evidence on the  type  and



 character  of  the  DDT  sediment  deposition  and  the  consequent
      if


 potential for sediment erosion.  For example, recent  depositon of



 non-DDT containing sediments over DDT-containing sediments could be



 an indication that significant, active DDT isolation is  occurring.



 It can also indicate where scouring,  which may expose sediments



 containing DDT, is occurring.



      The  influence of  sediment  core  compositing  (vertical  and



 horizontal), a technique  sometimes used by W.A.R.,  masked  the



 relationship between more heavily contaminated core fractions with



 depth,  location,  or  along  significant   transect lengths.   The
                                5-1

-------
approach to sediment sampling focuses, not on the areal distribution

of  DDT but,  more  importantly  for  evaluating  possible remedial

actions,  on the  vertical distribution  of the DDT  in the upper

(usually more erodible) six inches of sediment.  It is not the intent

of  the  Proposal  to recalculate the  quantity of the  DDT reported

present in  the HSB-IC system.  However,  a more accurate vertical

profile of  the DDT present must  be known to  determine the most

appropriate types of,  and locations for, remedial actions.

     The  stream  flow characteristics will dictate  the size and

distribution of the in situ sediment that is likely to be placed, and

remain, in suspension.  By Determining the in situ particle sizes

(and  the  associated  DDT)  susceptible to  hydraulic  transport,  a

proposed remedial  action  measure  can be designed  to prevent DDT

transport.  The lack of  data defining the relationship  between DDT
                                        ^>
and sediment characteristics is a significant problem in Reach B and

Reach C because remedial actions may need to be more  selective and

specific j.n.these areas.        ...    	.,.„.._. ——  -   -—  -

     The  sediment  sampling program is designed to incorporate the

information  available from  the  existing data base,  i.e.,  DDT

concentration and areal extent, and  to  obtain  additional in situ

sediment data required to design cost effective  remedial solutions

for the HSB-1C areas.

     The method for development of  remedial actions in this Proposal

dictates a more detailed,  site  specific understanding of the in situ
                               5-2

-------
and background sediment conditions in the HSB-IC system which is not

presently available from the existing data base.  This involves the

acquisition  of  information necessary to address several concerns

associated with the development of remedial actions. These concerns

are &s follows:

      (1)  What  is  the  interaction between  the  DDT-containing
          sediment  and  the overlying  water,  i.e.,  is sediment
          available for resuspension and transport?

      (2)  Do the sediment character and sedimentation rates above
          Dodd Road differ from that downstream?

      (3)  What  is the physical  and chemical  character  of  the
          sediment upstream of Fatton Road?

      (4)  Are there sources of DDT-containing sediment upstream of
          Patton Road?  If so, what is the significance?

      (5)  What is the  concentration of DDT in the sediment in the
          ponded areas  and  in the reaches of tributaries entering
          Indian Creek? Are these areas, such as isolated embayment
          areas, potential  sinks for DDT-containing sediment?

      (6)  What  is the  past sedimentation  history of  the  HSB-IC
          system and in what way does this relate to the physical
          character of the in situ sediment?

      (7)  What is the effect of sewage treatment plant effluent on
 - •  ---    DDT-avail ability  and movement? — —     "'        	'

      (8)  What  effect  does stormwater . from  the  HSB-IC  basin
          (including the city of Huntsville) have on the transport
          of DDT?

     5.2 Specific Objectives

     The preceding discussion identified those concerns that must

be  considered  and investigated further.  The  expansion  of  the

existing data base will permit  development of  effective remedial

actions for the HSB-IC system.   The specific objectives  for the in

situ sediment sampling program are as follows:

                               5-3

-------
      •   determine  the relationship  between  the  DDT
          concentration  and  particle  size/soil type,
          above and below Dodd Road (including 1C);

      •   determine the  organic content in the sediment
          and its relationship to DDT;

      *   determine   the  vertical  DDT  concentration
          gradient  in the  sediment within the HSB-IC
          system  (with special emphasis on each one inch
          layer in the top six (6) inches of sediment);

      •   determine   the  physical   character   of  the
          sediment  available for transport within the
          HSB-IC   system,    e.g.,    moisture   content,
          specific gravity, flocculation of clays;

      •   determine physical and chemical character of
          channel  sediments  upstream of Patton  Road to
          Martin Road;

      •   establish DDT concentration in the ponded areas
          and  in the  reaches  of  tributaries  entering
          Indian Creek;

      •   obtain  knowledge of  the  past  sedimentation
          history within the system; and .

     ^   determine  if  sedimentation  or scouring  is
          occurring in Reaches A, B,  and C.

     '5.3 Utilization of W.A.R. Data
     As previously noted,  the W.A.R. Report has divided the HSB-IC

system  into  three  specific  areas,   viz.,-  ICM  0.0  to  HSB-IC

confluence, HSBM 0.0 to 2.4, and HSBM 2.4 to 5.4.  These areas are

referred  to  as Reach  C,  Reach B,  and  Reach A,  respectively.  In

addition, this program will include evaluation of an area upstream

of Reach A, i.e.; HSBM 5. 4 to 9. 7..

     As  described  in the  .W.A.R.  Report  (11-77),  the  surface

hydrologic  regime can be  divided  into  four major  categories:
                               5-4

-------
 channel,  overbank, ponded, and floodplain.  The terminology used,

 with some  modification  for  special  situations,  is  defined  as

 follows:

    " *     Channel Areas - areas confined by well-defined
           banks as determined from the transect profiles
           and generally occupied by flowing water.

      •    Overbank Areas  - areas outside of well-defined
           channel banks,  with or without a  permanent
           vegetative  cover, periodically inundated as  a
           result of reservoir operations on the Tennessee
           River and upstream streamflow conditions.

      •    Ponded Areas -  areas generally inundated with
           standing water and hydraulically connected to a
           stream channel.

      •    Floodplain  Areas -  areas  below the  100-year
           flood evaluation as determined by TVA in  the
           course of this study."

 These definitions will be used throughout the remainder of  this

-discussion for consistency with the W.A.R. Report.
                                        4»
     .The  data base generated during  the W.A.R. Report  generally

 eliminates the need  to determine the  areal  distribution of DDT

 concentrations.  -Exceptions-1©-this are  selected--iocation-s within

 Reach C  and Reach B  and  upstream of  Reach A which were -not  fully

 investigated  during the  W.A.R.  study.   These areas specifically

 include the  ponded areas and the  lower reaches  of tributaries  in

 Reaches B and C and the stream channel in the area upstream of Reach

 A.  The  sampling program will emphasize the investigation of the DDT

 concentration gradient in the  top six  (6)  inches of  sediment, the

 associated  physical   character   of   the  sediment   and  past

 sedimentation history.
                               5-5

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     5.4 Program Design
     5.4.1  Sampling Locations
     Data collected at selected sampling locations will supplement
the W.A.R.  data base.  The sampling locations will, include areas of
hydraulic  interest   such   as   channel  bends,   embayments,   and
floodplains where sedimentation, erosion and/or fish spawning may
occur. The proposed sample locations will be provided to the RP.
     Additional in  situ  sediment core sampling locations may be
selected during field  activities  in the  HSB-IC system,  after-
collection and analysis of the respective DDT concentration' levels
and  sediment  gradations  of the  proposed  samples,   and  during
development/design of remedial actions.
     Within the stream channel of the HSB-IC system,  the proposed
sampling locations will  be spaced  between the existing  W.A.R.
transects.  Proposed sampling sites within Reaches B and  C will also
be located  in ponded areas  and lower reaches  of  tributaries to
bbtaiffaata" analogous to that collected within the channel  and to
determine if these  areas  are potential sinks ("hot spots") for DDT.
The data necessary to make this determination have not previously
been obtained.  The data must be obtained because  these locations
may be fish habitats and may require  the  development  of remedial
measures in discrete  locations.  Overbank and floodplain areas in
Reaches B and C will also be sampled.
                               5-6

-------
      In Reach C, several overbank and floodplain sampling sites will

 be selected.   Although this area has been extensively investigated,

 sampling at these locations will provide data on the physical nature

 of the sediment and DDT concentration in the top six inches and will

 complement the data to be obtained from channel sampling.  The core

 samples  obtained  at  these  selected  sites  will  be  examined  to

 determine the past sedimentation history of the HSB-IC system.

      5.4.2 Sampling Frequency

      This program is expected to be conducted in a single sampling

 period of three or four weeks duration. As the project progresses,

 additional samplings may be needed and conducted.

      5.4.3 Sampling Protocol

      Transects will be established across  the HS5-IC channel and

.tributaries at the  s..tes  selected.  Sonar recordings  and  manual
                                        A
 probing will be conducted to map the sediment deposition.  Sampling

 locations will  be  marked  in the  field for identification  and

..r.ecQrded. in .a bound field log book and on & site topographic-msp--

 Conventional surveying techniques and/or aerial photographs of the

 sampled areas will later be performed to verify sampling locations.

 The water surface  profile and elevations will  be obtained  from the

 stream  stage  recording  equipment  discussed  in  Section  6.0.

 Subsequently, the  elevations of the extracted sediment cores will be

 determined by subtracting the water depth at  the sample locations

 from the water surface elevation.
                                5-7

-------
      Samples will  be obtained  in  areas of the  deepest sediment

 deposits  on  each transect.  Replicate  samples  will be  taken to

 insure that sufficient sample volume has been obtained to conduct

 all analyses.  In addition,  there will be several sampling points

 across each transect in order to insure that the  transect is fully
*
 defined.

      A gravity-type sampler will be used to obtain core samples at

 all locations.  Briefly,  this  type of  sampler consists  of a top

 section  containing  an encapsulated  ball valve  which creates  a

 partial vacuum necessary for retention of the sample when the unit

 is retrieved, a coring tube with a plastic liner insert attached to

 the top section, and a retaining basket and cutting shoe attached to

 the coring tube.

      Depending on the depth of  the  watsr at each sample location,
                                         4»
 the method used to obtain the desired sample depth will vary.  Where

 the water depth is sufficient, a weighted sampler will be allowed to

-•free fall--froiri--£.•-boa-;.—through"the wstrer" which' penetrates thebVttom

 sediments to  the desired sample depth.  If free-fall sampling does

 not achieve  sufficient  core depth,  the  sampler  will be  manually

 advanced until the desired core depth is achieved.  Where the water

 is shallow,   the  sampler  will be manually advanced to  obtain the

 desired depth of penetration.

      Once the sampler and sample column have been  retrieved,  the

 plastic liner that encapsulates the sediment sample will be removed
                                5-8

-------
 from  the core tube and a-new  liner inserted for the next  sample



 location.  While in the field, the entire sample column will then be



 removed  slowly  from the plastic liner by the  following  procedure:



 extraction from the top to minimize the possibility of smear effects



 on  the core,  scraping of  the  perimeter of the sediment core to



 minimize the  possibility of contamination  from the  plastic  liner,



 such  as  phthalate  esters,  and separation  at  the  desired  depth



 fractions, viz.. 0"-1", l"-2", 2"-3", 3"-4", 4M-5",  5"-6", and 6"-



 12".  ''



     Each sediment  sample  will be  visually characterized -and the



 following information will be noted in the  field  log book:  sample



 location, sample number, sample depth, and sample description. Each



 depth fraction  of  the sample  will be  placed  in a scrupulously



cleaned,  w,.de-mouth, screw-capped,  glass'bottle with a TEFLON-lined
                                        A.

 lid, which will be labeled,  securely packaged and chilled. Sediment



 samples will be transported, via air freight, to Recra Environmental



Laboratorie§"rir~rbfiSVfaftoa"rNew"Ybrk.  "	   "           ""    "



     In order to assure that the required sample volume necessary to



fulfill both physical and chemical analyses is obtained, multiple



core  samples  (probably five  to six) will be  obtained in  close


proximity to each sampling location.
     •

    Another objective of the sampling program .is to define the past



sedimentation history within the basin.  This information will be



acquired  by  obtaining core  samples  through  the  recent  stream
                               5-9

-------
  deposits and, if possible, into the underlying material.  This core
  will  be obtained by  gravity type sampler or  other manual  core
  sampling devices.  The core will be retrieved, left in the plastic
  tube,  capped, properly  labeled,  frozen  and returned  to  Recra
  Environmental Laboratories,  Tonawanda,  New York  for later visual
"* and, if necessary, microscopic identification.
      5.4.4  Analytical Parameters
      Samples  will  be thoroughly  homogenized and  split  prior to
  physical and chemical  characterization.  One part of the homogenized
  mixture will be used to determine DDT concentration.  The analytical
  procedure for DDT has been stated previously  in Section  3.0.  The
  analytical  procedures for volatile solids content,  Method  208E,
  described in Standard Method  for the  Examination  of  Water and
  Wastewater,  14*th Edition,  APHA",  AWWA, WPCF, will also be performed.
  In addition, the organic content of the sample will  be determined by
  the procedures stated in Section 3.0.
	 The remaining portion .of ..th_e^i,xtjjre_^i_ll be_divided..in half*
  One half will be placed into a clean glass  bottle, as described
  previously,   labeled,  refrigerated,  and  kept  for  possible future
  analyses.  The other half of this subsample will be used for physical
  characterization.  The physical soil properties of concern are grain
  size,    specific  gravity   and  moisture  content.   Grain  size
 distribution will  be obtained  via an  electronic  particle  size
 procedure  using  a  Sedigraph particle  size  analyzer.   Specific
                                5-10

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gravity  and moisture  content will be  determined by  procedures



described in ASTM-D-854  (Test for Specific Gravity of  Soils)  and



ASTM-D-2216  (Laboratory  Determination   of  Moisture  Content  of



Soils), respectively. *



     5.5 Utilization of Proposed Data Base



     This in situ sediment sampling program has not been designed to



duplicate the existing W.A.R. data.  The program was  developed to



expand the present data base to enable the assessment-of proposed



alternate  remedial  actions  for Reach  A,  Reach B  and  Reach C.



Information developed from the physical properties of the
* Reference:  American Society of Testing and Materials, Part 19
                               5-11

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 sediment in the MSB-1C system, knowledge of past sedimentation and


 the hydraulics of the HSB-IC system are required as  inputs to this


 assessment.


      Information  obtained  concerning  grain  size  versus  DDT


 concentration and the DDT concentration variation with depth will


 enable the determination of whether the DDT in the top six inches is


 ubiquitous, whether recent deposition covered  DDT  sediment,  and


 whether  the sediment is  available  for  resuspension,  erosion,


 transport and deposition.  In addition,  establishing  the properties


 of the  surficial in situ  sediments  is  required  for  long-term


 monitoring after any necessary  remedial  actions are implemented.


 The information  developed  concerning  any  "hot spots11 that  are


 hydraulically connected to the main stream channel in Reaches B and

                                                     /
 C will enable  the assessment  of the  need for localized  remedial
                                       A

 programs.


    .  A map  of  the  areas,  i.e..  Reach A,  Reach B,  Reach C,  and


-"up-stream of Reach A,  will be  prepared to sh~ow~DBT~~avaTiable"foY


 transport or available to water or unavailable for either:  This map


 will   illustrate the  significant findings  of  the  field   data


 collection programs  (fish and  sediment).   W.A.R. data will also be


 included. This will  facilitate development of appropriate remedial


 action plans to address field conditions. The jnap will be a planning


 tool for the selection and evaluation of potential remedial actions.
                                5-12

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  6.0  SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT/WATER SAMPLING PROGRAM
       _6.1 Introduction
       The W.A.R. investigation contains HSB-IC field measurements at
  several in-place stream gaging stations which indicate the temporal
  variations  of DDT transport-related parameters (W.A.R.  Appendix V,
"'Task 6).  These measurements  include stream  stage  elevation and
  stream velocity (and  discharge)  for seven  (7) storm  events and
  related DDT concentration,  total  suspended sediment, and volatile
  solids concentration for the  last three  (3)  of .,seven  (7)  storm
  events.  Channel sampling of bedload material, which included solids
  load and DDT concentration was also conducted in the  field for four
  (4) storm  events.  However,  the  bedload contribution to  total
  contaminant " transport  was  determined to  be  negligible  (W.A.R.
  Appendix II, p". 11-122).
       W.A.R. statistically analyzed the river hydrology and sediment
       v                                                        '
  data for trends and correlations.  From this analysis,  sediment
  transport...was  found to be the major rou.te__£ojr_.DPT.movjsment	This.
  analytical  hydraulic modeling  of the HS3-IC  system provided the
  input for  quantifying contaminated  and uncontaminated  sediment
  transport under existing conditions.
       Additional  data collection and analysis of sediment transport
  data are required prior  to  the selection and design  of  remedial
  actions. The transport of sediment during non-storm  events must be
  assessed.  In addition, additional storm event  data is required in
                                 6-1

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  order  to -provide a complete picture  of  sediment transport in the


  HSB-IC system throughout the year.

      Advanced numerical computation techniques (computer modeling)


  will be  applied to the modeling  of the  HSB-IC  sediment/hydraulic

  system.   This  approach  provides  the  greatest  advantage  because


-*parametric variations can be  more effectively  and  expeditiously

  evaluated.   Mathematical representations  of complex  real world


  conditions are necessary and  are accepted  in  practice.  Several

  theories have been advanced  to describe  the  sediment  transport


  phenomena.   They  are  discussed   in  ASCE  Manual  No.  54(1975),


  Sedimentation Engineering.

      The suspended sediment .study will determine  the rate  and


  quantity of DDT sediment that is hydraulically transported through

  and from the HSB-IC system.  This data, in turn,  provides the basis

  for identifying and relating the principal hydrogeologic parameters
      v
  and  processes contributing to  DDT sediment transport.   Remedial

  action measures, as appropriate, can then be formulated to address_

  these  effects.  The suspended  sediment sampling program  for  non-

  storm  events and storm  events in  conjunction with fish monitoring

  (Section 4.0) and in situ sediment sampling (Section 5.0), has  been

  developed to  collect  the  necessary  data.  This  data  will be

  supplemented by the storm event data reported by W.A.R.  The field
                                              9
  measurements  for  determining  the  hydraulic  transport  of   DDT

  sediment will be conducted monthly over a year's  period of time in
                                 6-2

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order  to  include  a range  of  seasons,  flows and  reservoir  pool
elevations in the  study.  Olin's  storm  and nonstorm events data,
when combined with  the  W.A.R.  storm event data, should provide a
complete picture of sediment and DDT transport throughout the year.
     The information developed  during the sediment transport study
will  be  used   to   address  several  concerns which include  the
following:
      •   How do stream flow conditions affect sediment
          transport?
      •   Are storm events more significant than normal
          day-to-day flow with respect to DDT transport?
     6.2 Specific Objectives
     The specific objectives of the  suspended sediment transport
study are as follows:
      •   define  the  rate   of transport  of  DDT  and
          suspended sediment through and^out of the HSB-
          IC system with respect to time of year and flow      (
          conditions such as  stage  elevation,  storms,
          reverse flow, etc.
        .._ determine  particle
          suspended sediment.
size . distribution- - of	-—	
      •    quantify the concentration of  settleable  and
          non-settleable DDT in the water of HSB-IC.
      •    determine  the  relationship  between DDT  and
          particle size/soil type.
      •    develop  a  computer  model  of  HSB-IC  which
          simulates DDT/sediment transport.
      •    develop design data for remedial actions which
          will minimize sediment transport.
     The  Proposal,  as related to the sediment transport program in
                               6-3

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 the HSB-IC system, entails several components. Most importantly, a



 sediment  transport  model  must  be  developed  for  an  accurate



 prediction   of   sediment   distribution   and   movement.    The



 determination of sediment deposition rates is necessary to quantify



 the   present  situation  and   monitor  subsequent   in   situ



 burial/isolation   of  DDT  sediments   in  any  remedial   action



 undertaken. Based upon the stream/basin hydraulic characteristics,



 determination of  the relationship  between  DDT concentration  and



 particle size/soil type will  be used to assess which sediments are



 settleable, which are susceptible to transport, .and which surficial



 in situ sediments, if  containing DDT,  possess the  potential to be



 re-entrained  for  fluvial transport.  The flow regimes and  areal



 distributions of  sediment characteristics are variables requiring



-j.'urther consideration for a definitive assessment of conditions now
                                        *


 existing.   The factors will  provide  the  inputs  for  effective



 engineering design of proposed remedial actions.



  —• The'iaeefd for, "feasibility" of and* effectiveness of "any remedial



 alternatives  can  best be determined by establishing a  sound data



 base with which long-term monitoring  data  can be compared.   The



 study will provide data which will permit  an accurate evaluation of



 Reaches A,  B,  and C.  W.A.R. Report data  will be utilized,  to  the


 extent possible, in support of this work.
                               6-4

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     6.3  program Design

     The  suspended  sediment  sampling  program consists  of four

phases which are  as follows:

      •   non-storm event water sampling

      •   storm event water sampling

      •   stream elevation and flow velocity measurements

      •   computer modeling (simulation of the HSB-IC system)

The first three phases will be data development and the fourth phase

will be the evaluation of that data.

     6.3.1  Sampling Locations

     The suspended sediment sampling program is designed to provide

information  on   the  quantity - of  sediment and  the physical  and

chemical characteristics of the sediment in transport for non-storm
             *               i
.and storm related events. Each sampling.site  will be located at or

near a TVA gauging station which  will provide accurate information

on stream velocity  (discharge)  and stage  elevation coincidental

with., .each . sampling..event.  TVA.- vi 11 ...operate  and. maintain-.these .

stations on  a reimbursable basis.  Within the HSB-IC basin  (Wheeler

Reservoir),  the stream gauging stations which have been selected for

reactivation by the TVA are:
                               6-5

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      •    ICM 0.38, near IC-Tennessee River confluence
      •    ICM 4.6, Centerline Road Bridge
      •    ICM 8.2, Martin Road Bridge
      •    HSBM 2.4, Dodd Road Bridge
      •    HSBM 5.0, Boat launch on HSB at Road No. 5669
      •    HSBM 5.9, Patton Road Bridge
      •    HSBM 9.75, Martin Road Bridge
     The transects  at the above stream locations are distant from
any  upstream confluences or conditions  which would  affect  the
relationship between sediment transport  rates and the pertinent
hydraulic  variables.  These are  deemed  suitable  for providing
consistent and interpretable suspended sediment data. 'In addition,
these sample locations correspond to the fish sampling locations.
     6.3.2  Sampling Frequency
     The sampling process employed at each transect is inherently
controlled by the variable hydraulic conditions of flow velocity and
stage  elevation.    Stage   elevation   data  will   be   collected
continuously for one year by the TVA stage recorders.  Flow velocity
data will be collected monthly by TVA personnel at Olin's expense.
This data will be collected using the same methods and personnel as
in the W.A.R. Report.  .The time  intervals for  suspended sediment
data collection will occur coincident with the TVA stream velocity
measurements. For the latter collection, it is presently estimated
that one-month intervals will be utilized for one calendar year.  In
addition, storm event sampling will be conducted.

                               6-6

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     A  schedule  for the collection of recorded hydrological data
will be designed  and established by TVA as a function of the type of
stage recording instrumentation selected.  In general, the schedule
will be dictated by the  servicing of the recorder power source(s),
the recording pen  reservoir  (if so equipped) or sensor or stylus,
and replacement  of a recording chart and  retrieval thereof.  At
present, this appears to be a weekly function.  The same methods and
TVA personnel used to gather data for the W.A.R. Report  are being
used in this study.
     6.3.3 Sampling Protocol
     The suspended  sediment  sampling  described herein represents
standards  and methods  developed  by  the  Federal  Inter-Agency
Sedimentation Project (F.I.A.S.P.) of the Inter-Agency Committee on
Water Resources (Guy and Norman, 1970). .The intended use  of these
procedures and methods  is to provide sediment-water samples for
physical  and chemical  analytical   testing  to  define:   DDT  and
suspended sediment cp.nc^ntraJtioiis at a .given location-and time,-and
DDT and suspended sediment quantities transported per unit time past
a given location.
     U.S.-series time-integrating suspended sediment samplers will
be utilized in either point or depth-integration methods  to obtain
flow proportional  samples at the  locations described  in Section
6.3.1.   Point sampling methods are preferred for low stream velocity
conditions.  Consistent  with procedures  developed for  the equal
                               6-7

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 transit rate  (ETR) method of sampling for the U.S.-series samplers,



 each stream section will be divided by several equally spaced points



 (verticals).   The number  and  location  of  the verticals will  be



 determined for existing  field conditions  and from the  sampling



 protocol.



     Samples  will be  obtained at the  verticals by lowering  and



 raising a sampler at an equal transit rate (depth integration). This



 technique  requires a  knowledge of  the immediate  stream  channel



 profile, stage height,  and mean flow velocity prior to each sampling



 event.   The  suspended  sediment  program  will  be  developed  to



 coordinate field sampling with the scheduled TVA hydrological data



 collection (Section 6.3.2).



     Existing data on channel form,  stage elevation,  and mean



.velocity   suggest  use   of   the   U.S.-series   depth-integrating



 sampler(s) USDK-59 and/or USDK-48  (National Handbook of Recommended



 Methods for Water Data Acquisition, 1978). Each is designed for  use



 with a.4.?3_.m£  glass_b.attle for..samp3-e..co.l].£ctdon,-.^-.-ee-pasate bottle -



 will be used at each vertical  and the total group of transect bottles



 will be composited to yield  a sample  proportional to the total



 stream flow.



     The method  of depth integration, used in the  ETR method,  is



 limited to a  stream depth of approximately 15 ft.  If conditions



 arise which exceed this limit, point  integration samples  (US P-72)



 will be  utilized to depth-integrate in  a  single  direction (up-
                               6-8

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 transit)  or to obtain point-integrated samples at the centroids of



 equal discharge increments, such as 0.2 and 0.8 or 0.6 of the stream



 depth  from  the  water surface.  This  technique  as  covered in the



 method   and  will   not  result  in   a  decrease  in   accuracy.



 Alternatively,   point  sampling  at   stations  with   low  stream



 velocities will be accomplished using a pump-type'sampler that has a



 high intake velocity relative to the  stream velocity at 0.6 of the



 stream depth.


     Methods and  personnel  employed  by TVA  in  collection  of



 hydrological data  are expected  to be the same  as,  or  at least



 equivalent  to,  those  methods  utilized  by  W.A.R.  (V-Task  6).



 Discharge measurements  were taken using standard procedures  as



 specified in the U.S*  Department of the  Interior, Geological Survey

             *

.Water  Supply   Paper  888,   Stream-Gaging  Procedures,   A  Manual


 Describing  Methods  and  Practices   of*  the  Geological  Survey,



 Washington,  D.C.,   1943.  Procedures  for  calculating depth,  mean


 ve.locity  and discharges, are also. .giveii j.n.£hi.s..!nanua]_^	    --_...  .......



     All bottles will have a cap lined  with TEFLON or aluminum foil



 and  will, be cleaned  following  the procedures  suggested by TVA in



 their 1978 study, "DDT Residues  in Sediment and Fish in the Vicinity



 of  Redstone Arsenal,  Alabama."  Site  identification,  date, time,



 station section, bottle number, and initials of  field  crew members
                                            M

 will be noted on each bottle's label.  It is estimated that 10 liters


 of  water  will be  required to  provide sufficient volume  for the
                                6-9

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 analysis.   Samples  will  be  'stored  in ice  immediately  after

 collection and will remain as such until received at the laboratory.

 Samples will be refrigerated at 4°C at the laboratory until physical

 and chemical analyses have been performed.

      6.3.4 Analytical Parameters

      As indicated in the Quality Assurance Program (Section 3.0),

 the primary analytical parameters to be determined for composited

 samples at each transect  are DDT concentration and total suspended

 solids.  If a sufficient  sample volume  of sediment  is available,

 suspended sediment particle size will be determined. The analytical

 protocols are cited by reference in Section 3.4.3.

      6.4 Utilization of Proposed Data Base

      Field data  supplied by  the W.A.R.  investigation and  this
              *                •
 suspended sediment  sampling  program wi.ll provide  representative
                                        A
 inputs of the KSB-IC average stream hydraulic characteristics and

 will enable proposed remedial actions to be developed as  well  as

.establish the baseline conditions, for -post«-constraction-jnonitori-ng-~

 of remedial actions.

      The utilization of  the  data  base  to determine  the type  and

 predicted effectiveness  of  any proposed actions is of  paramount

 importance.   Hence,  descriptions  of  the fundamental  principles,

 concepts of sediment deposition,  and methodology  employed in the

 assessment of the proposed remedial action effectiveness are herein

 provided.
                                6-10

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     In  general,  the  in  situ  sediment  that  is  available  for
hydraulic  transport  (in  suspension)  is  a   function  of  the
hydrodynamic  forces  directly  acting  upon   discrete  sediment
particles. Entrainment of the sediment is primarily dependent upon
the sediment properties (such as particle  size) - stream velocity
relationship; that  is,  the higher  the  velocity the  greater the
maximum  particle   size   to  be  placed   in   suspension,   while
simultaneously increasing the quantity of  finer_grained sediment.
By maintaining stream velocity and turbulence of the water, sediment
particles (up to a certain maximum size)  will remain in suspension.
High stream discharge/velocity conditions normally degrade or erode
the  channel  sediments.   Low stream discharge/velocity  creates
conditions conducive to sediment  deposition.
     6.4^1 Computer Modeling of HSB-IC
     The in situ sediment sampling program and the water sampling
program will generate a significant quantity of data on the HSE-IC
system.  liT'orde'r to utilize this data to the greatest extent, the
development of a computer model of the HSB-IC system is planned.  The
general programming  scheme is as follows:
     1)   Identify  a  computer  model  applicable to  the  ESB-IC
          system.
     2)   Modify the program (if necessary)  to incorporate - the
          significant characteristics of the HSB-IC system.
     3)   Verify the model with field data collected during the
          field sampling program.
     4)   Modify program to include potential remedial actions.
                               6-11

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     5)   Evaluate  effectiveness of  potential  remedial actions
          under various flow conditions.

     The computer model can assist in evaluating the effectiveness

 of  potential  remedial  actions  (and combinations  of  remedial

 actions).

     Any  computer  program which  is  used to  model  a system must

 accurately simulate actual characteristics of  the system. The HSB-

 IC has several unique and important characteristics:

      •   reverse flow occurs in the system

      •   fine  particles  (clays  and silts)  make  up a
          significant portion of the sediment load

      •   transport of DDT in absorbed or dissolved forms

      •   water  flow  (and sediment  transport)  in both
          channel and overbank areas

     Several computer models have been reviewed to determine if they

 are  applicable  for  modeling the HSB-IC system.  All  available

 computer models have certain limitations when applied to the HSB-IC

 system.  Any  computer  model   chosen may  reguire.  programming

 modifications.    However,  a  computer program  developed  by-  the
                                                       <
 Hydrologic  Engineering  Center,  Corps  of  Engineers  has  been

 identified as possibly applicable  for simulating the HSB-IC system

 and  for  predicting the  effectiveness of the  proposed  remedial

 actions.   The program  is  entitled "Scour  and Deposition  in  Rivers

 and Reservoirs,  HEC-611.  A descriptive abstract of the program is

presented below,  along with the theoretical methods that are used to

 compute the trap efficiencies for silts,  clays, and sand for any

proposed containment structure, e_.g. ,  dam.

                               6-12

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        The total sediment load is transported along a stream. Changes
    in the stream's bed elevation and water surface profile with respect
    to  time are  calculated at  each cross  section  considering the
    following': the  inflowing water discharge, inflowing sediment load,
    gradation of material in the stream's bed, armoring, and destruction
 ..<
    of  the  armor  layer.   A series  of reservoirs  in tandem  can be
    utilized.  A dredging option is available.  Diversions of water can
    be  specified  and  inflowing water and  sediment  can be entered at
    tributary  junctions.    Clay,  silt,  sand  and  gravel  sizes are
    transported and cooble sizes can be included for armor  calculations.
    The program is dimensioned for up to 150 cross  sections, 15 grain
    sizes,  20 tributary inflow points  and 20 reservoirs in tandem.
        Water surface  profiles are  calculated by  the standard step
  •method.   The bed material  load is Calculated by  either Toffaleti's
    application   of   the   Einstein  Bed   Load   function,   Madden*s
   modification of the Laursen Transport Relationship or a transport
=' '"•Capacity"per 'foot' of width'versus the depth-slope product.  Based
   upon an assumption of  steady state, the silt and clay  sizes are
   transported until  the shear stress  on  the  streambed  becomes less
   than critical.  Deposition  then  begins using fall velocity as a
   variable in the exponential decay  function.   Changes in  the bed
   elevation are  calculated with the Exner equation for continuity of
   sediment material.
                                  6-13

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     The  preceding  computer   program  'may  require   a   slight
programming  modification in  order to incorporate the  sediment
resuspension aspect.  Another drawback of the model is its inability
to handle backf low. This must be investigated further.
     The applicability of other relevant programs and/or theories
are actively being evaluated to determine their applicability to the
HSB-IC system.
                               6-14

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 7.0  REMEDIAL ACTION APPROACHES


      7. 1  Introduction


      Previous sections of this document have presented a review of


 information from the  W.A.R.  Report and the specific investigative


 activities  which will be completed in this project  in  order to


 provide site specific data of the required degree of accuracy and


 precision to evaluate and assess remedial action alternatives for


 Reaches A, B, and C with the HSB-IC system.


      The  fundamental  methodology for  determining  an acceptable


 remedial  action  is  to  completely  assess  the  feasibility  of


 alternative remedial  approaches.  The objectives of  the sampling


 program are directly relevant to and essential  for both engineering


 design inputs and a full  understanding  of existing conditions.  In
             *                •

-this  respect,  the  combination of  existing site information  as
                                        *

 provided by the W.A.R. Report and design data inputs resulting from


 the fish,  in situ sediment and suspended sediment sampling programs,


 will  prcvide -necessary- information  for development  of 'remedial "


 actions  and  will  permit  demonstration of the adequacy  and


 effectiveness of any remedial action options.


      7^2 Overview of Action Considerations


      The  study,  the  selection,  and the design of the  most


 appropriate remedial action alternatives for Reaches A, B, and C are


 by no means  simple tasks.  In the previous sections,  the overall


 project objectives, the  project approach,  the hypotheses to  be
                               7-1

-------
 tested, the data to be collected and the utilization of that data

 were discussed  in detail.  All of  this  was  directed toward the

 development of remedial actions for the HSB-IC system.

      Any "suggested"  remedial  action for Reaches A,  B, and C would

 be premature. They are very much  dependent  upon the outcome of

 investigative programs covered in  this  Proposal.  The types  of

 remedial actions that may be warranted and investigated  include:

 isolation of DDT "hot spots" in the  stream  channel; removal of DDT

 "hot spots" from the  stream channel;  isolation of DDT-containing

 embayment sediments; diversion; enhanced channel and out-of-channel

 sediment deposition through artificial means;  and -sedimentation

 devices.  Other remedial actions may also be developed and evaluated

 as the study progresses.
              *                .
      The evaluation process for selecting remedial actions will

 also take into consideration future changes in the HSB-IC drainage

 basin that may significantly affect the characteristics of the  HSB-

_IC .system. ^ One of these changes is. .the,.p.o.tenlial_diversion of.-the-,

 discharge of  the Huntsville POTW directly to  the Tennessee River.

 This action would significantly reduce the base flow in HSB although

 the  peak flows would  not  be materially affected unless there  is

 diversion of Huntsville storm runoff. It would also eliminate a

 source  of organic matter which may have an affinity for DDT.   The

 effect  of the diversion on flow and  sediment transport  and on

 potential remedial actions  will be "evaluated using  the  computer
                               7-2

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 model.    It  will   also   be  evaluated  conceptually  using
 engineering/physical principles such as flow velocities, direction
 of flow, etc.
      7.3  Long-Term Envlronmental Monitoring Program
      Throughout this Proposal, reference is  made to the long-term
 environmental monitoring of the HSB-IC system. The purpose of the
 long-term environmental monitoring plan  is to  determine the
 effectiveness of the implemented remedial actions, to assess any new
 or residual environmental impacts or hazards, and to identify the
 needs for additional remedial actions.  The  long-term monitoring
 plan will, if appropriate,  measure the  rate of change in DDT levels
 in fish, migration of DDT in se'diments and water,  or the dynamics and
 proportions of DDT components in the sediments, water and biota of
-Huntsville  Spring  Branch,  Indian  Creefc and Wheeler National
 Wildl-ife  Refuge,  depending upon the remedial action chosen.  The
 long,  term monitoring program  developed will continue until the
 termination of the Con'seTiX" Decree: ~~~' '"'  "         "~	""""
      For  the  purposes of the  long-term  environmental"monitoring
 plan, baseline  conditions  shall be those  levels  of DDT in fish,
 water,  and  sediment determined during  the Olin study supplemented
 with data from the W.A.R. Report.  The results of analyses performed
 under the long-term  monitoring  program will be compared with
 baseline data to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial actions.
                                7-3

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     The types of samples and the sampling and analytical protocols


of the  long-term  monitoring program will be  the  same as those


detailed in Sections 3.0 through 6.0 with the exception of sampling


frequency and the groundwater program. The sampling frequency and


the groundwater program are discussed below.


     Although  an  accurately defined  time frame and  completely


developed program cannot be established at this time,  a long-term


monitoring plan which is similar in concept to the fish,  in situ

sediment, and suspended sediment sampling programs in Sections 4.0,


S.O,  and  6.0,  respectively, is  contemplated. It  is  presently


envisioned that DDT concentrations  (both total, filterable and non-

filterable)  and  the  suspended  sediment  concentrations  in the


surface water will be determined from samples collected at semi-

annual intervals at the  seven selected'locations  indicated in
                                        A
Section 6.0. For the fish species,  DDT concentration levels  will be

determined on  an  annual  basis following  implementation  of any

remedial- acti-ins.  Sampling- locations wiil~'b*e"~as" aiscussed~an~ '

Section 4.0.  In situ sediment sampling may be conducted on-an annual


basis at selected locations corresponding approximately to those

presented in Section 5.0. Quantitatively, the number of sample core

locations will be fewer than  indicated  in Section 5.0 but will


include points common to  both  this Proposal  and the W.A.R.

investigation.  The analytical parameters to be determined will be

DDT concentration variation with depth,  and soil particle size
                               7-4

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 distribution with depth. The latter will be indicative of the type,



 rate,  and extent of the suspended sediment deposition.  A relative



 comparison of DDT parameters over time with the baseline  conditions



 established  under  this Proposal  will indicate  the rate  of



 effectiveness of the remedial action,  e,g., the sediment transport



 model  predictive capabilities, the HSB basin sediment deposition



 rates,  and,  most  importantly,  the  rate  of reducing the DDT



 concentration levels in fish in specified areas to 5 ppm.



     7.3.1 Groundwater Monitoring



     The groundwater in the vicinity of HSB-1C will be monitored to



 determine if construction and  implementation  of  any remedial



 actions affect DDT in  groundwater.  The monitoring program shall



 consist of water samples taken from existing groundwater wells  (RS



20, .RS 22, RS 23, RS 27, RS 30) and drinking water wells (X 37, X 44,
                                       *»


Q 79, VU 67 and U 98) (see W.A.R. Report 11-74 and EPA memorandum



dated  October 9,  1979   entitled  "Transmittal of the Public and



Private Water Supply "investigation, Redstone Arsenal and Vicinity,



Huntsville,  Alabama Area"); RS 30 is upgradient  of  the DDT source



area, RS 27 is immediately downgradient of the source,  RS 22 and RS



23 are  a downgradient shallow/deep pair at Huntsville Spring Branch,



into which the  groundwater flows,  and RS 20 is an additional



downgradient shallow well at the Branch. If any of these wells are



found to be dry or damaged, alternate wells may be  sampled.
                               7-5

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     All wells will be sampled once in 1983 and once every two years



for up to ten years after completion of construction.



     The wells will be  sampled with a peristaltic (surface) pump



using a dedicated, disposable inert sample tube.  Each well will be



flushed until it is dry or until 2-3 well casing volumes  (about 12



gal.) have been evacuated.  Sampling will then be done for DDT. Each



sample will be filtered at the laboratory through a 63v  filter prior



to  analysis to remove  suspended  solids.   Sample handling  and



analysis will be conducted according to the procedures  specified for



water samples in Section 3.4.3.



     7.3.2  Measurement of Performance Standard



     The performance standard'is a DDT level of 5  ppm in fillets of



channel catfish,  largemouth bass and-smallmouth buffalo in Reaches



A, B,  and  C.  Olin shall be deemed to "attain the performance



standard" when the average DDT concentration in the fillets of each



of the aforementioned fish species is five ppm (or less) in Reaches



A/ B,and "C. ' ;:Contiriued  attainment of the "performance"s'tand'ard""""



occurs when the average DDT concentration in the fillets of each of



the aforementioned fish species is five ppm (or less)  for  three (3)



consecutive years (including year of  attainment)  in Reaches  A, B,



and C.



     The average DDT concentration of a species will be determined



as an arithmetic  mean concentration of DDT in the  fillets  within a



species adjusted for the weight of each individual. Mathematically,



this can be represented as follows:





                               7-6

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-------
              c    *   Iwici
     where C is the average DDT concentration of a species
            W^ is the weight of fillet of each individual
                   fish of that species (in grams)
            Cj is the concentration of DDT in the fillet
                   of each individual fish of that species (vg/g)

     After  continued  attainment  of  the .performance  standard  is
achieved for each species of fish in each reach (A, B, and C),  that
species will no longer be monitored. As continued attainment of the
performance standard is  achieved in each reach (A, B,  and C),  that
reach will be eliminated from the monitoring program.
     After  individual  analysis of  the  fillets, the  average  DDT
concentration for each species will be determined and compared to
     f
the performance standard.  The number of  samples  of each species to
be analyzed will be determined solely by  the quantity caught^ during.
the sample collection.  A maximum of six fish by species per site
will be analyzed.  If less than six  fish are caught and analyzed,  the
computed average DDT concentration will  be based on the number of
fish caught  (one to five).
                               7-7

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8.0  ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF REMEDIAL ACTIONS
     The size of the study area in which the DDT is reported creates
a  complex  situation involving many  components  of the environment.
Remedial action(s) may affect the ecology of the HSB-IC system.  In
evaluating  a proposed  remedial action,  the  RP will  assess its
environmental impact.  Olin will provide information with respect to
anticipated effects on people and the environment of any actions to
be implemented  under the  remedy.   At a minimum,  the information
included will be that set forth in paragraph 52   of  the Consent
Decree.  Such information will  be patterned after  the applicable
guidelines under the National Environmental Policy Act,  42 U. S. C.
§§4321 et sea.,  currently set forth in 40 CFR Parts 1500-1508 and 40
CFR Part 6.
                               8-1

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9.0  PROPOSAL TIKE FRAME

     To  ensure a  timely implementation  of this  Proposal,  a

generalized project timeline was developed  and is illustrated in

Figure 9.1. The elements of study, in conjunction with the assigned

durations, have been categorized as follows:

     A.   Fish Studies

     B.   Suspended Sediment Sampling and Stream Hydraulics

     C.   In situ Sediment Sampling

     D.   QA/Interlab Equivalency Program

     E.   Sediment Transport Model - Development and Application

     F.   Engineering Development of Remedial Actions

     G.   Preliminary Design of Remedial Actions

     H.   Long-term Monitoring  Program Development for Remedial
          Actions

     I.   Environmental Assessment of Remedial Actions

     «J.   Report - Recommendations for Remedial Actions

Each particular proposal element will encompass the accomplishment

of those detailed facets described in the preceding sections, and a
       • v-                          ,                     '
final report of recommended remedial actions  to be implemented will

be made.
                               9-1

-------
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10.0 REFERENCES
American Society of Civil Engineers, (1975).
     Engineering.  Manual No. 54.
Sedimentation
American Society of Testing and Materials (Published annually),
     Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 19, Natural Building
     Stones, Soil and Rocks, Peats, Mosses and Numus, ASTM,
     Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Branson, D.R. (1978).  "Predicting the Fate of Chemicals in
     the Aquatic Environment from Laboratory Data".  Estimating
     the Hazard of Chemical Substances to Aguatic Life.
     Cairns/Dickson/Maki - editors.  American Society for
     Testing and Materials, PA.
Bennett, G.W. (1971).  Management of Lakes and Ponds.
     Nostrand Reinhold Co. New York.  P. 182-193.
         Van
Council on Environmental Quality, Regulations on Implementing
     National Environmental Policy Act Procedures.  40 CFR,
     Parts 1500-1508.

Eddy, Samual, -How to Know Freshwater Fishes, William C. Brown
     Co. 1957.
                                        *
Etnier, David, personal notes on fishes of Tennessee, University
     of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 1976 (rev. 1982).

Fleming, W.M. and Cromartie, E. (1981).  "Fish,  Wildlife,  and
     Estuaries: DDE Residues in Young Wood .Ducks Near a
     Former DDT Manufacturing Plant".  Pesticide Monitoring
     Journal.  Vol. 14, p. 115-118.

Garrett, G. Lee (August, 1982) personal correspondence to
     L. J. Schiffer, re "Guano samples (a/k/a meadow muffins)"

Guy, K.P. (1969).  "Laboratory Theory and Metnods of Sediment
     Analysis".  Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations
     of the U^S^ Geological Survey.  U.S.  Government Printing
     Office.  Washington, D.C.
                              10-1

-------
 Guy,  Harold P.  and Norman,  Vernon W.  (1970).   "Field Methods
      for Measurement of Fluvial Sediment".   Chapter C,  Book
      3.   Techniques of Water- Re source s Investigations of the
      U.S.  Geological Survey.  U.S.  Dept.  of Interior.

 Kuhne,  E.R.  (1929).  A Guide to the Fishes  _of Tennessee and the
      Hid-South.   Tennessee  Department of  Conservation,  Division
      of Game and Fish.

.Lawrence,  G.D.,  Jr.  February 16,  1982.   Letter written to
      Charles E.  Watkins,  Jr. and G. Lee Garrett,  Jr., Hansell,
      Post,  Brandon. & Dorsey.  Atlanta, Georgia.

 Macek,  K.J.,  Petrocelli,  S.R.,  Sleight, B.H.  (1979).
      "Considerations in Assessing the Potential  for, and
      Significance of,  Biomagnification cf Chemical Residues
      in Aquatic  Food Chains".   Aquatic Toxicology.  Marking/
      Kimerle - editors.   American Society for Testing and
      Materials,  PA.

 Metcalf, R.L., Gurcharan, K.S.,  Kapoor, I.E.  (1971).  "Model
      Ecosystem for the Evaluation of  Pesticide Biodegradability
      and Ecological Magnification".   Environmental Science and
      Technology.   Vol. 5, No.  8,  August,  1971.

 Micrometrics Instrument Corp (.1978),'  Instruction Manual,  Sedigraph
     •50OOP  Particle Size Analyzer,  MIC P/N  500/42801/00,
      Norcoss, GA.

 National Environmental Policy  Act of  1969.

 National Handbook of Recommended Methods  for  Water Data
  	_Accru.isi,tion, . Chapter  3. r .Sediment,  Section-3..D. l.b..lc.
      U.S.  -  Series Samples,  p.  3-19 to 2-22.

 O'Shea,  T.J., Fleming, W.J.  and Cromartie,  E.  (1980).  "DDT
      Contamination at Wheeler  National Wildlife  Refuge".
      Science. Vol.  209,  p.  509-510.

 Recra Research,  Inc.  (1982).  Huntsville  DDTR Environmental
      Project Scope (Draft).  Huntsville,  Alabama.

 Standard Methods  for the Examination  of Water and Wastewater..
      14th Edition.   APHA, AWWA,  WPCF.

 Smith-Vaniz,  W.F.  (1968).   Freshwater Fishes  of  Alabama.
      Auburn  University,  Agricultural  Exp. Station.
                               10-2

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U.S. Department of the Interior.  (1943).  Stream-Gaging
     Procedures, A Manual Describing Methods and Practices
     of the Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.

U.S. Department of Justice.   (1982).  Government Response to
     "Huntsville DDTR Environmental Project Scope".  July 6,
     1982.  Prepared by Recra Research, Inc.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  (1979).  Regulations on
     Preparation of Environmental Impact Statements.  40 CFR 6.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  (1977).  Revised October
     1980.  "Interim Method for the Sampling and Analysis of
     Priority Pollutants in Sediment and Fish Tissue".

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  (1979).  "Guidelines
     Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of
     Pollutants".  40 CFR Part 136.   December 3, 1979.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  (1979).  Methods for
     Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes.  EPA-600/4-79-
     020, March 1979.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  (1982).  "Test Method:
     Organochlorine Pesticdes and PCBs - Method 617".

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  (1980).  Manual of
     Analytical Methods for the Analysis of Pesticides in
     Humans and Environmental Samples.  "EPA-600/8-80-038,
     June 1980.

Water and Air Research, Inc.  (1980).  "Engineering and Environmental
     Study of DDT Contamination_of Huntsville Spring     ..,	_-_...... •-
 '7~i~ B'ranch, Indian Creek^ ancTXdjacent Lands and Waters, Wheeler
     Reservoir, Alabama".  Final Contract Report.  November 1980.
     Volume 1 - Summary Document.  Volume 2 - Appendices I-III;
     Appendix I - General Information on DDT and DDTR; Appendix
     II - Site Specific Information and Analysis; Appendix III -
     Alternatives for Mitigation of DDTR Contamination in
     Huntsville Spring Branch and Indian Creek.  Volume 3 -
     Appendices IV-VI; Appendix IV - Quality Assurance Document;
     Appendix V - Worktask Descriptions and Results for 7 TVA
     Worktasks; Appendix VI - Worktask Descriptions and Results
     for 3 W.A.R. Worktasks and Quality Assurance Document.
                              10-3

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Watkins, C.E.,  Jr. and Garrett, G.L., Jr. December 4, 1981.
     Letter written to Kenneth A. Reich, Department of Justice,
     Washington, D.C.

Welch, N.H., Allen, P.B. and Galindo, D.J., "Particle-Size
     Analysis by Pipette and Sedigraph," prepublication
     manuscript (.refer to W.A.R. Report, Appendix IV).
                              10-4

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i
i         Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
         Appendix C
                               REVIEW PANEL MEMBERSHIP

         Review Panel Chair

         Dr. Edward S. Bender
         Office of Science Policy (8103R)
         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
         401 M Street, S.W.
         Washington, D.C. 20460

         E-mail Address: bender.ed@epamail.epa.gov

         Period of Review Panel service-June 14, 1983 to present
         (Dr. Bender was appointed Chair of the Review Panel on December 5, 1996
         following the death of Anne Asbell)

               Dr. Bender is an aquatic biologist with the U.S. Environmental Protection
         Agency in Washington DC. He chairs the Technical Committee which provides
         advice and support for Review Panel activities.  In 1977, while working for the U.S.
         Army, Dr. Bender became involved with DDTR sampling at Redstone Arsenal. He
         joined EPA in 1979 and served as  the technical coordinator for the litigation that
         led to the Consent Decree in U.S. vs Olin Corporation, and the establishment of the
         Review Panel. Dr. Bender has more than twenty years experience in environmental
         monitoring, aquatic ecology and toxicology. His dissertation, entitled "Recovery of a
         Macroinvertebrate Community from Chronic DDTR Contamination," studied the
         toxic effects of DDTR runoff from an abandoned manufacturing facility on fish and
         aquatic invertebrates in a south-central Arkansas stream.  Dr. Bender has a
         bachelor of science degree in biology from Westminster College, a master of science
         degree in zoology from the University of Florida, and a doctorate in biology from the
         Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
                                             C-l

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)


State of Alabama

      James W. Warr
      Director
      Alabama Dept. Environmental Management
      P.O. Box 301463
      Montgomery, AL 36130-1463

      Email "jww@adem.state.al.us"

Period of Review Panel Service: June 14,1983 to present
      Mr. Warr is the Director of the Alabama Department of Environmental
Management (ADEM), a position that he has held since April 1996. Prior to April
1996, Mr. Warr was the Deputy Director from August 1982 (when ADEM was
created) to November 1993 and from November 1994 to September 1995.  He served
as the Acting Director from November 1993 to November 1994 and from September
1995 until April 1996 when he became the Director. .ADEM is responsible for the
implementation and coordination of the State of Alabama's environmental program
activities. Mr. Warr was  previously the Director of the Alabama Water
Improvement Commission (AWIG), which administered the Alabama Water
Pollution Control Act. He joined the AWIC in 1968 and has several years of
experience and knowledge concerning the environmental conditions in the Wheeler
Reservoir, Huntsville Spring Branch — Indian Creek System. Mr. Warr has a
Bachelor of Science Degree in Civil Engineering, a Masters Degree in Civil
Engineering, and a Master of Business Administration, all from Auburn University.
He is a registered professional engineer and is a member of several professional
associations. He currently holds the rank of Major General in the U.S. Army
Reserve.
                                   C-3

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
Department of Army. RSA

      Colonel Steven C. Hamilton
      Deputy Post Commander
      AMSAM
      Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898-5300

      Period of Review Panel service—July 1998 to present

      Colonel Hamilton was assigned as Deputy Post Commander, Redstone
Arsenal, Alabama in July 1998. Previous assignments have been Platoon Leader, 2-
34th Infantry, Ft. Stewart, GA; Executive Officer, 24th Ordnance Company, Ft.
Stewart, GA; Commander, Surveillance and Accountability Control Team #1
(SAACT #1), 6th Ordnance Battalion, Uijongbu, Korea; Materiel Officer, 80th
Ordnance Battalion, Ft. Lewis, WA; Commander, 63rd Ordnance Company, Ft.
Lewis, WA; and Operations Officer, Test and Evaluation Division, Army
Development and Employment Agency (ADEA), Ft. Lewis, WA. He served as
Executive Officer, 80th Ordnance Battalion, Ft. Lewis, WA; Chief, Ammunition
Management Branch, 3D COSCOM,  Germany; Chief, Supply Management Division,
3D COSCOM, Germany and Commander, 6th Ordnance Battalion, Korea.  His most
recent assignments have been as Action Officer, J-4,  The Joint Staff, Pentagon;
Chairman, Joint Munitions Rule Implementation Council (MRIC), Pentagon and
Chief, Plans and Operations Division, ODCSLOG, Pentagon. Colonel Hamilton's
awards and decorations include the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the
Meritorious Service Medal with 3 Oak Leaf Clusters, the Joint Service
Commendation Medal, the Army Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, the
Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge, the Army Staff Identification Badge, the
Parachutist Badge and the Ranger Tab. Colonel Hamilton holds a bachelor of
science degree in Medical Technology from the University of Utah, a master of
business administration degree from Utah State University and a master of science
in National Resource Strategy from the National Defense University. Colonel
Hamilton was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Ordnance Corps with a
detail in infantry in 1975. He is a graduate of the Infantry Officer Basic Course, the
Ordnance Officer Advance Course, the Materiel Acquisition Management Course,
the Command and General Staff College, and the Industrial College of the Armed
Forces.
                                   c-4

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
US Fish and Wildlife Service

      Dr. W. Allen Robison
      Environmental Contaminants
      Coordinator-Southeast Region
      U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
      1875 Century Blvd.
      Suite 200
      Atlanta, GA 30345

      Email "allen_robison@fws.gov"

      Period of Service: July 15, 1993 to present.

      Dr. Robison holds degrees in wildlife biology, aquatic biology and toxicology.
He has worked for the Fish and Wildlife Service (Sendee) as a Biological Technician,
an Environmental Contaminants Biologist, and as an Ecologist.  Dr. Robison has
also worked in the areas of water quality assessment, fish community analysis, fish
contaminant residue evaluation, and the transport/fate of PCBs for the
Commonwealth of Kentucky. His involvement with the HSB-IC DDT project began
when he came to work in the Service's Tennessee/Kentucky Field Office located in
Cookeville, Tennessee. Dr. Robison has continued tho monitoring programs at
Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge. He is presently employed in the Service's
Southeast Regional Office located in Atlanta, Georgia.
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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)	


Tennessee Valley Authority

      Robert Pryor
      Business Development
      Tennessee Valley Authority
      400 Summit Hill Drive (WT-10D)
      Knoxville, TN 37902-1499

      Email "rjpryor@tva.com"

Period of Review Panel Service: January 1, 199 Ito present.

      Mr. Pryor has over 20 years of accountable management experience in
environmental and pollution prevention disciplines. He has a technical background
in scientific and environmental engineering professions and broad experience in all
TVA businesses.  For example, he has managed assessment and protection
programs for natural resources, served as Project Engineer for capacity additions to
the Power System from siting to sub-system modifications.  Advised agency
management on effects of operations on natural resources and provided corporate-
level oversight of environmental activities at operating sites, has management
responsibility for performing National Environmental Policy Act reviews.

      He has a master of science in zoology and a bachelor of science in biology and
chemistry from the University of Texas at San Angelo, Texas. He also has an
engineering certification from Texas A&M.
                                    C-6

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
NON-VOTING MEMBERS

Town of Triana. AL

      Honorable Clyde Foster (Town Hall)
      480 Zierdt Road
      Triana, AL 35756

      E-mail "cfoster293@aol.com"

      Mr. Foster, formerly the Mayor of the Town of Triana, Alabama, is a
prominent community leader. He was instrumental in the restoration of the town
charter for Triana, originally chartered in 1819, and was appointed Triana Mayor in
1964, serving in that capacity until 1984.  He has been a strong community
advocate and instrumental in focusing community concerns. His efforts on behalf of
the town of Triana have been successful in improving many areas of community life.

      Mayor Foster has been involved with the resolution of the DDTR
contamination problem in the Huntsville Spring Branch-Indian Creek System for
many years.  His contributions include effective and successful coordination of the
Review Panel activities with the local community. His efforts have resulted in a
spirit of cooperation and understanding within the community.

      Mayor Foster was the Director of the Equal Employment Office at the
National Aeronautics and Space Agency, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center in
Huntsville, Alabama until his retirement in January 1987. He has a bachelor of
science degree in mathematics and chemistry from Alabama A & M, and has taken
graduate courses at that university.
                                    C-7

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)


Olin Corporation
Mrs. Laura B. Tew
Director, Community Outreach
Olin Corporation
PO Box 248
Charleston, TN 37310

E-Mail: lbtew@corp.olin.com
Period of Review Panel service: 1998 to present

      Mrs. Tew is Director of Corporate Community Outreach with Olin
Corporation's Public Affairs department. She has been with Olin for twenty-two
years and has served on the Review Panel as Olin's non-voting member since 1998.
Mrs. Tew has an undergraduate degree in chemistry from the University of North
Carolina at Greensboro, advanced studies in chemistry at Duke University, and an
MBA in marketing from Pace University in White Plains, NY. Mrs. Tew's career
with Olin has included positions in quality, environmental, production management
and marketing. She was plant manager of Olin's packaging facility in Livonia, MI.
Mrs. Tew holds an advanced certificate from Boston College, Center for Corporate
Community Relations.
                                    C-8

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
FORMER REVIEW PANEL MEMBERS

Past Chairs
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Mr. Howard D. Zeller
Period of Review Panel service: June 14, 1983 through December 31, 1987

      Mr. Zeller served as the first Chair of the Review Panel and the United
States' designated Program Coordinator for the implementation of the Consent
Decree in U.S. vs Olin Corporation. Mr. Zeller was the Assistant Administrator for
Policy and Management for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Atlanta,
Georgia until his retirement in January 1987.  Mr. Zeller retired with more than
thirty years experience in environmental matters. He lead the Review Panel
through the initial phases of implementing the Consent Decree and adopting
procedures for functioning as a body. Mr. Zeller has a bachelor of science degree in
biology and chemistry from the University of Nebraska and a master of science
degree in zoology from the University of Missouri.

Ms. Anne Asbell
Period of Review Panel service: June 14, 1983 through November 2, 1996

      Ms. Asbell was the second Chair of the Review Panel from January 1987
until her death, November 2, 1996. She served as the Legal Counsel for the Review
Panel from 1983 until her appointment as  Chair.  She was an Associate Regional
Counsel for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IV, in Atlanta,
Georgia. Ms. Asbell represented the Region in the litigation that led to the  Consent
Decree and the establishment of the Review Panel. She was actively involved in all
aspects of the  Review Panel activities and the implementation of the Consent
Decree.  Ms. Asbell had a juris doctor degree from Woodrow Wilson College  of Law.
                                   C-9

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
Former Members

Tennessee Valley Authority

Mr. Bruce Brye
Period of Review Panel service: June 14, 1983 to December 31, 1990

      During Mr. Brye's service as TVA's representative on the Review Panel, he
also served as Chairman of Review Panel's Inspection Committee. Mr. Brye was a
staff Environmental Engineer in the TVA's Division of Water Resources and served
as TVA's senior technical expert on water quality issues. Since 1963, Mr. Brye has
been involved in the environmental review , permitting, licensing, and litigation of
many major TVA projects. During 1979-1980, Mr. Brye was extensively involved in
the data acquisition activities for the DDTR studies of the environment in the
Huntsville Spring Branch-Indian Creek System. During 1981-1983, he provided
assistance to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of
Justice in the development and review of technical documents during the
negotiations which led to the final  consent decree in U.S. vs.  Olin Corporation.
After his retirement from TVA in 1991, Mr. Brye was retained by the Review Panel
as a consultant. Mr. Brye has a bachelor of arts in mathematics from Wartburg
College, a bachelor of science in civil engineering (sanitary option) from the
University of Iowa,  and a master of science in sanitary engineering from the
University of Iowa.  He is a Diplomat in the American Academy of Environmental
Engineers, a Certified Hazardous Materials Manager, and a  registered professional
engineer in 14 states including Alabama.
                                   C-lO

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Review Panel Activities HSB4C System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

1. Mr. W. Waynon Johnson

Period of Review Panel service: June 14, 1983, to March 10, 1987
Mr. Johnson was the Senior Staff Specialist with the US FWS in Atlanta, Georgia.

2. Dr. Lee A. Barclay

Period of Review Panel service-March 10, 1987, to December 3, 1987
Dr. Barclay was the  Environmental Contaminants Specialist with the US FWS in
Cookville, Tennessee.

3. Dr. Donald P. Schultz

Period of Review Panel service: December 3, 1987 through June 15, 1990
Dr. Schultz was the contaminant coordinator for the Southeast Region of the U.S.
FWS.

4. Mr. R. Mark Wilson

Period of Review Panel service: June 15, 1990-December 12, 1992
Mr. Wilson was the Environmental Contaminants Specialist with the US FWS in
Cookville, Tennessee.
4.  Dr. Charles Facemire

Period of Review Panel service: December 12, 1992 - July 15, 1993
Dr. Facemire was the Regional Contaminants Coordinator for U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia during that time.

Department of the^Army

1.  Colonel Dahl J. Cento (Retired)
                                   C-ll

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
Period of Review Panel service: June 14, 1983 to October 30, 1985
Colonel Cento was the Deputy Post Commander of Redstone Arsenal during his
Review Panel service. He was active in soliciting participation by the Corps of
Engineers.
2. Colonel James A. Hall (Retired)

Period of Review Panel service-August 1986 to June 1988.
Colonel Hall was named Deputy Post Commander, Redstone Arsenal in August
1986.

3. Colonel Perry C. Butler (Retired)

Period of Review Panel service: July 1988 to July 1991.
Colonel Butler was assigned as Deputy Post Commander in July 1988.

4. Colonel Stephen Peter Moeller (Retired)

Period of Review Panel service:  July 1994 to July 1996.
Colonel Moeller was assigned as Deputy Post Commander in June 1994.

5. Colonel Duane E. Brandt

Period of Review Panel service: July 1996 to July 1998.
Colonel Brandt was assigned as Deputy Post Commander, Redstone Arsenal,
Alabama in July 1996.
                                   C-12

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Review Panel Activities HSEMC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)	


Former Non- Voting Review Panel Members

Olin Corporation

Mr. William G. McGlasson
Corporate Director, Environment, Health, & Safety
Olin Corporation
PO Box 248
Charleston, TN 37310

Phone:  (423) 336-4734


Period of Review Panel service: 1990 to 1998

      Mr. McGlasson was Corporate Director, Environmental, Health, and Safety
for Olin Corporation and Olin's designated Program Coordinator for the
implementation of the Consent Decree in U. S. vs. Olin Corporation frgm,,199Q to
1998. He succeeded Mr. Verrill Norwood in July, 1990, who was Olin's primary
technical representative in the negotiation of the Consent Decree and the
development and implementation of the environmental remedy in the Huntsville
Spring Branch-Indian Creek System.  Mr. McGlasson. served as Olin's non-voting
member of the Review Panel from 1990 to until his retirement in 1998. During 22
years of service with Olin, Mr. McGlasson served in various technical and
management positions within Olin Corporation. He has a Bachelor of Science
degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Missouri and a Master of
Science  degree in Chemical Engineering from Louisiana State University.
Olin Advisor to the Technical Committee/Review Panel and Former
Review Panel Participant

Mr. Verrill M. Norwood
Olin Consultant
                                   C-13

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)	


116 Sunburst Lane NW
Cleveland, TN 37312

Phone: (423) 476-1082
E-Mail: vmnorwoo@piona.com


Period of Review Panel service: 1983 to 1990

      Mr. Norwood was Vice President, Environmental Affairs, for Pioneer Chlor
Alkali and is retired.  Previously, he was Vice President, Environmental Affairs, for
Olin Corporation and Olin's designated Program Coordinator for the
implementation of the Consent Decree in U. S. vs. Olin Corporation.  He was Olin's
primary technical representative in the negotiation of the Consent Decree. Mr.
Norwood served as Olin's non-voting member of the Review Panel from its inception
until he was succeeded by Mr. William G. McGlasson in July, 1990. Mr. Norwood
has continued on a contract basis to be an advisor to Olin and participate in the
Technical Committee and Review Panel meetings.  Mr. Norwood has a Bachelor of
Science degree in Chemical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and a Master of Science degree in Chemical and Metallurgical
Engineering from University of Michigan.
                                   C-14

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
                   Appendix D. Inspection Committee Letter

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       AD EM
 JAMES W. WARR
 DIRECTOR
ALABAMA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
            POST OFFICE Box 301463 » 1751 CONG. w.L DICKINSON DRIVE 36109-2608
                  MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA 36130-1463
                       WWW.ADEM.STATEAL.US
                          (334) 271-7700
                       October 2,1998
      Dr. Edward S. Bender
      Chair, Review Panel
      U.S. EPA Headquarters
      401  M Street, S.W.
      Washington, DC 20460

      Dear Dr. Bender:
                                          FOB JAMES, JR.
                                              GOVERNOR
                                                                    Facsimiles: (334)
                                                                 Administration: 271-7950
                                                                      Air 2793044
                                                                     Land: 279-3050
                                                                     Water 279-3051
                                                                  Groumtwater 270-5631
                                                                Field Operations: 272-8131
                                                                  Laboratory: 277-6718
                                                               Education/Outreach: 213-4399
            This letter summarizes the observations and findings of the Review Panel
      Inspection Team for the calendar years 1991-1998.  Since the last report of the
      Review Panel activities, the Inspection Team and others have made  on-site
      reviews of the remediation site at least annually.  Consistent  with those reviews,
      our  records reflect assessments  of structural integrity were  also performed in
      1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, and  1998.

            In my capacity as leader  of the Inspection Team, i have reviewed the
      reports on  structural integrity for  the referenced   years  and  find  that a
      consistently applied assessment process reflects that natural succession has and
      is occurring without threatening the stability of the remedy.  The area is  now in
      an essentially natural state and  I find no cause for concern relative  to the
      integrity of the remediation.  In fact, the most recent assessment suggests that
      intrusive actions may be necessary for access if reviews are  to continue on an
      annual basis.
                                          ytocerely,
                                          James W. Warr
                                          Director
      JWW/rdg
Buroingharn Sf&ncti
UOVuteanRoad
Birmingham, Alabama 35209-4702
(205) 942-6168
(205) 941-1603 (Fax]
     Deeatur Branch
     400 Wen Street N.E. • P.O. Box 953
     Oecatur. Alabama 35602-0953
     (256)353-1713
     (256) 340-9359 [fax]
Mobile Branch
2204 Perimeter Road
Mobile. Alabama 36615-1131
(334)450-3400
(334) 479-2593 (Fax]
Mobile Branch - Coastal Section
4171 Commanders Drive
Mobile. Alabama 36615-1421
(334)432-6533
(334)432-6598 Fax]
                                                                           Printed en Recycled Paper

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Review Panel Activities HSBJC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
Appendix E. Olin Reports Submitted to the Review Panel

Report Title
Huntsville Quality Assurance/Method Equivalency
      Report
Huntsville Quarterly Report No. 1
Huntsville Groundwater Report
Huntsville Quarterly Report No. 2
Huntsville Analytical Methods Manual
Huntsville Quarterly Report No. 3
Huntsville Quarterly Report No. 4
Huntsville Remedial Action Report
Huntsville Quarterly Report No. 5
Huntsville Quarterly Report No. 6
HSB-IC Long-Term Data Acquisition Report
Draft 404/26a Permit Application
Huntsville Quarterly Report No. 7
Huntsville Engineering Quarterly Report No. 1
Huntsville Preliminary Engineering Drawings
Second Draft 404/26a Permit Application
A Cultural Resource Survey for the
      Huntsville Remedial Action Plan
Huntsville Quarterly Report No. 8
Huntsville Engineering Quarterly Report No. 2
Final Engineering Drawings and Specifications
404/26a Permit Application
Environmental Analysis for the
      Huntsville Remedial Action Plan
Field and Laboratory Investigations of the HSB-IC System
Report on DDT in HSBM 4.0 to 2.4 (Lower Reach A)
HSB-IC Post Remedial Action Interim Goals
Huntsville Quarterly Report No. 9
Huntsville Engineering Quarterly Report No. 3
Huntsville Groundwater Monitoring Program
Springs Report
Huntsville Quarterly Report No. 10
Date
August l, 1983

September 1,1983
November 17, 1983
December 1, 1983
February 22,1984
March 1, 1984
June 1, 1984
June 1, 1984
September 1, 1984
December 1, 1984
February 1,1985
February 5,1985
March 1, 1985
March 1, 1985
April 1, 1985
April 19, 1985

May 13, 1985
June 1, 1985
June 1, 1985   ,
July 1, 1985
July 1, 1985

July 1, 1985
July 1, 1985
August 1, 1985
August 1, 1985
September 1,1985
September 1, 1985
November 20,1985
November 27, 1985
December 1, 1985
                                   E-2

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
Huntsville Engineering Quarterly Report No. 4                December 1, 1985
Huntsville Remedial Action Plan Policy and Procedures Manual January 6, 1986
Cultural Resources Survey Report (Oxbow Alternative)         January 7, 1986
Assessment of Revegetation Needs for the Olin Corporation
      Huntsville Remedial Action Plan                      January 15, 1986
Final Engineering Drawings (Oxbow Alternative)              January 15, 1986
Huntsville Quarterly Report No. 11                          March 1, 1986
Huntsville Engineering Quarterly Report No. 5                March 1, 1986
HSB-IC Long-Term Data Acquisition Report                  March 1, 1986
HSB-IC Substitute Fish Species Report                      March 1, 1986
HSB-IC DDT in Fish and Water Baseline Report              March 1, 1986
Huntsville Engineering Quarterly Report No. 6                June 1,1986
404/26a Permit Modification                                June 26, 1986
Catastrophic Subsidence Action Plan                        July 30, 1986
Draft 404/26a Permit Application (Lower Reach A)             August 18, 1986
Huntsville Quarterly Report No. 12 (Semiannual No. 1)         September 1, 1986
Huntsville Engineering Quarterly Report No. 7                September 1, 1986
Report on DDT in Reach B and Reach C of the HSB-IC System  September 1, 1986
404/26a Permit Application (Lower Reach A)                  September 15, 1986
Environmental Analysis for the
Huntsville Remedial Action Plan (Lower Reach A)              September 15, 1986
Preliminary Engineering Drawings (Lower Reach A)           October 1, 1986
Technical Specifications for the
Huntsville Remedial Action Plan (Lower Reach A)              October 1, 1986
Cultural Resource Assessment (Lower Reach A)               October 15, 1986
Endangered Species Monitoring Report                      October 20, 1986
Revised 404/26a Permit Application (Lower Reach A)           October 27, 1986
Huntsville Engineering Quarterly Report No. 8                December 1, 1986
HSB-IC Long-Term Monitoring Program (Draft)               February 1, 1987
Evaluation of Substitute Fish for Largemouth Bass            February 6, 1987
Huntsville Semiannual Report No. 2                         March 1, 1987
Huntsville Engineering Quarterly Report No. 9                March 1, 1987
HSB-IC Long-Term Monitoring Program (Draft)               May 5,1987
Huntsville Engineering Quarterly Report No. 10               May 29, 1987
HSB-IC Long-Term Monitoring Program                      August 14, 1987
Huntsville Engineering Quarterly Report No. 11               August 27, 1987
                                    E-3

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Review Panel Activities HSBflC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
Huntsville Semiannual Report No. 3
Huntsville Project "As Built" Drawings
Huntsville Engineering Quarterly Report No. 12
Huntsville Semiannual Report No. 4
Huntsville Semiannual Report No. 5
Huntsville Long-Term Monitoring Report No. 1
Huntsville Long-Term Monitoring Report No. 2
Huntsville Long-Term Monitoring Report No. 3
Huntsville Long-Term Monitoring Report No. 4
1992 HSB-IC Intel-laboratory Data Comparison
Huntsville Long-Term Monitoring Report No. 5
1993 HSB-IC Intel-laboratory Data Comparison
Huntsville Long-Term Monitoring Report No. 6
1994 HSB-IC Interlaboratory Data Comparison
Huntsville Long-Term Monitoring Report No. 7
Huntsville Quality Assurance Meeting
1995 HSB-IC Interlaboratory Data Comparison
Report on Interlaboratory
      Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Huntsville Long-Term Monitoring Report No. 8
Post Remediation Sediment Investigation
      — Reach A and Reach B
1996 HSB-IC Interlaboratory Data Comparison
Huntsville Long-Term Monitoring Report No. 9
1997 HSB-IC Interlaboratory Data Comparison
Huntsville Long-Term Monitoring Report No. 10
Long-Term Monitoring Plan for Time Extension
Interim Goals for Time Extension
Contingency Plans for Time Extension
September 1,1987
September 2, 1987
December 8, 1987
March 1, 1988
September 1,1988
April 15, 1989
April 15, 1990
April 15, 1991   ,
April 15, 1992   '
March 18,1993 '<
April 15, 1993
May 11, 1994
June 1, 1994
April 19, 1995
May 15, 1995
September 13,  1995
April 30, 1996

May 17, 1996
June 1, 1996

January 6,1997
March 17, 1997
May 15, 1997    j
March 24, 1998
May 15, 1998
February 1, 1999
February 1, 1999
February 1, 1999
                                   E-4

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
                    Appendix F.  Decision Document No. 8,
                  Groundwater Monitoring, December 6, 1990

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             REVIEW PANEL DECISION DOCUMENT NUMBER 8
                    GROUNDWATER MONITORING
I.
Introduction
     In the  April 15,  1990  Long Term  Monitoring  Program Annual
Report Number 2,  Olin proposed to discontinue groundwater sample
collection.   Their proposal  covers two  sets of wells:  a)  Five
existing groundwater  wells on Redstone Arsenal and  five public
drinking water wells that were  identified in the Technical Proposal
to the Consent Decree; and b)  Thirty seven wells, arranged in five
traverses,  across the  filled channel of the remedial action site.
These are referred to  here  as the "Technical Proposal" groundwater
wells (or "Far Field wells") and the "Filled channel" groundwater
wells (or "Near Field wells")  respectively.

     The Consent  Decree (paragraph 10) requires Olin  to conduct
groundwater studies as set  forth in the Technical Proposal.  These
studies included  monitoring water  samples  from  prescribed wells
before  construction,   during   construction  and  every  two  years
following  construction  of  the  remedial action.    Groundwater
sampling of  the  Technical  Proposal wells   would be discontinued
after   three  consecutive   samples  confirmed  no  significant
concentrations of DDT  in  the  groundwater.   Olin  proposed  that
monitoring of the Technical Proposal wells  would be discontinued
because  three consecutive  samplings   confirmed  no  significant
concentratons of DDT in these wells.

     A second groundwater monitoring program was developed by Olin
at the request of the Review Panel to study the potential for DDT
contamination and  movement in the  groundwater around  the filled
channel (HSBM 5.4 to 4.0).   This program is described in the HSB-
IC  Long-Term Monitoring Program (August,  1987).   Review  Panel
Decision Document  No. 6 approved  the  program and  established a
schedule for monitoring each well.  Initially,  all thirty-seven
wells were  sampled quarterly  and  then in years  2,4,8, and  10
following construction of  the remedial action.  In Olin's April
1990 Report,  Olin proposed discontinuing monitoring of the Filled
Channel wells after year two.
II.  Decision

     A.  Monitoring of the Technical  Proposal  ("Far Field") Wells

     The decision of the Review Panel is to accept Olin's proposal
for  discontinuing  the  monitoring  of  the  Technical  Proposal
groundwater  wells.    The  Technical  Committee of  the Panel  has
reviewed the results  of  three years  of sampling from these wells
and agree that  no significant DDT have been  found  in the public

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water supplies.  If DDT is found in the f:.lled channel wells in the
future, the Review  Panel may require further sampling of specific
Technical Proposal  wells to evaluate the extent of migration.

     B.  Monitoring of the Filled Channel ("Near Field") Wells

     The decision of the Review Panel is to discontinue monitoring
of  the Filled  Channel  wells  in  years  4  and 8  but  to  resume
monitoring those wells for year 10 or during the year following the
initial demonstration of attainment as specified  in  the Consent
Decree.  Olin shall also sample and analyze groundwater from all
of  the filled  channel  wells  as  part of  the demonstration  of
continued attainment before the termination  of the Consent Decree.

III. Conclusion

     This decision  document  confirms the  Review  Panel's decision
from its June 14, 1990 meeting. This document consists of 2 pages
of text and comprises  the Review Panel decision and  is .accepted and
adopted by the representatives  of the Review Panel member agencies
and concurred  in by  the nonvoting participants  as shown  by the
signatures affixed  hereto.
                             MEMBERS
Ms. Anne L. Asbell
Chairperson, Review Panel


    <^I&——_£l "^T^e^jLs^—
Dr. Edward S. Bender
EPA - Washington, D.c.
Bruce Brye
Tennessee Valley Authority
                                      Dr.. Donald P. Schul
                                      U.S. Fish and wildlife
                                        Service
                                       ol. Charles Wood, U.S.
                                       Army, Redstone Arsenal
                                            W. Wai
                                      Alabama Department of
                                        Environmental Management
                      NONVOTING PARTI CI PANTS
Honourable C4yde Foster
Towir of Triana, Alabama v
                                      William G. McGlasson
                                      Olin Corporation
                      DATED ^
                                     ,

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
                    Appendix G.  Decision Document No. 9,
                   Process for Review of Monitoring Data and
           Olin Notification of Compliance by the Technical Committee,
                              January 23, 1992.

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             REVIEW PANEL DECISION DOCUMENT NUMBER 9
              PROCESS FOR REVIEW OF MONITORING DATA
               AND OLIN NOTIFICATIONS OF COMPLIANCE
                    BY THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
I.
Introduction
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Consent Decree, U.S. vs.
01in Corp.. May 31, 1983, the Review Panel is authorized to
review the remedial action implemented by Olin and determine
whether the remedy has achieved compliance with the Performance
Standard consistent with the goals and objectives of the Consent
Decree.  The Review Panel may review a variety of information and
data to assess the adequacy of the remedy and compliance with the
Performance Standard, including the Long-Term Monitoring Reports
(Decision Document No. 6) and the Interim Goals (Decision
Document No. 5).

     The Review Panel established a Technical Committee to advise
it on technical issues related to the development and
implementation of a remedial action and the monitoring of its
efficacy.  The Technical Committee has met regularly to evaluate
the data presented by Olin and has applied sound analytical and
technical principles to the task.  The Technical Committee
recommended revisions to the quality assurance and quality
control (QA/QC) plan developed as part of the Joint Technical
Proposal to the Consent Decree, which were incorporated into the
QA/QC requirements through Decision Document Number 7.  During
reviews of the long-term monitoring programs data, the Technical
Committee has observed instances when it would be appropriate for
them to have guidance and principles for their evaluations of the
data.  As a result, the following areas will be addressed in this
Review Panel document to aid the Technical Committee in its
review of the data presented by Olin:

l.  What data should be available to determine compliance with
the Performance Standard consistent with the goals of the Consent
Decree?

2.  What principles should be applied to evaluate the quality of
that data?

3.  What procedures should be followed to evaluate the data and
what factors should be considered to provide technical assistance
and recommendations to the Review Panel?

     The purpose of this document is to provide the Review
Panel's guidance to the Technical Committee on how to address
these questions and provide recommendations to the Review Panel

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for its consideration and decision.
II-  Decision:

     The decision of the Review Panel is that both the Review
Panel and the Technical Committee will continue to receive
information and data from Olin as set forth below.  Further, the
Technical Committee will continue to apply sound analytical and
technical principles to evaluate the data and advise the Review
Panel on the status of the remedial action in attaining and/or
maintaining compliance with the Consent Decree.
     A.
Datato Evaluate Compliance
     1.   The Technical Committee and the Review Panel members
     will continue to receive information and monitoring data
     from Olin as part of the regular monitoring programs
     (Decision Documents No. 6, 7, and 8).  A partial list of the
     information    that Olin will be reporting in the Annual
     Report starting with the report due April 15, 1992, is
     presented in   Appendix A.  In addition, Olin has conducted
     and will conduct special studies to investigate particular
     aspects of the remedy (e.g., Decision Documents No. 2 on
     Baseline Data, Substitute Species and Interim Goals for Fish
     and Water, and No. 7 on Quality Assurance and Fish Sample
     Sizes) either on its own initiative, at the request of the
     Technical Committee or the Review Panel.  From time to time,
     the Technical Committee and Olin may recommend modifications
     to the monitoring program or modifications to the analysis
     and presentation of data that are consistent with the
     Performance Standard, the goals and objectives of the
     Consent Decree, the Joint Technica.l Proposal, and the
     Decision Documents approved by the Review Panel.  Additional
     monitoring and data analysis by Olin will depend upon the
     results of the monitoring information and the Technical
     Committee's recommendations.

     2.   The Technical Committee, with the concurrence of the
     Review Panel, has determined that detailed sediment mapping
     of the HSB-IC system is needed to review the remedial
     action.  Sediment mapping will establish the areas of
     sediment deposition and erosion which exist following
     implementation of the remedial action and following major
     hydrologic events.  This baseline and future sediment
     mapping will permit the Review Panel to make informed
     decisions on the stability and long-term integrity of the
     remedial action (especially in Reaches B and C).  Detailed
     mapping should be compared to previous transects surveyed by
     Olin.  Such comparisons and in conjunction with periodic
     updated mapping will permit the Review Panel to determine
     which areas are erosional and which are depositional.  Olin

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     has agreed to conduct such mapping during 1992 to establish
     post-remedial action baseline conditions and at appropriate
     intervals thereafter to account for the effects of major
     flood or hydrologic events (e.g., 25 year headwater flood)
     on sediment profiles.  If such events do not occur, then
     this data should be collected prior to the final
     demonstration of continued attainment and again prior to the
     termination of the Consent Decree.

     B.   Data EvaluationPrinciples

          The following principles will be used to review
     monitoring data and information  submitted for the remedial
     action program on the HSB-IC system.

     1.   The Consent Decree, the Joint Technical Proposal, and
     the Review Panel Decision Documents will continue to serve
     as the basis for all procedures and requirements.

     2.   The Review Panel is charged with the authority to
     determine compliance with the provisions of the Consent
     Decree.  The Review Panel may exercise its authority to
     modify the remedial action, develop or modify implementation
     schedules, and require additional monitoring and studies
     from Olin.

     3.   Trends in long-term monitoring are of prime importance,
     in evaluating the efficacy of the remedial action.
     Standardized methodologies established at the outset of the
     Consent Decree will be maintained as long as monitoring is
     required so that comparability with the baseline conditions
     is maintained.

     4.   Sampling, analysis, and data interpretation will follow
     standard methods and QA/QC procedures as outlined in the
     reference documents or as modified by any subsequent Review
     Panel decisions.

     5.   All monitoring data collected will be retained and
     reported.  Technical justification for rejection of any
     monitoring data collected must be well documented.

     6.   The remedial action must achieve compliance with the
     Performance Standard for DDT1 levels in channel catfish,
     largemouth bass, and smallmouth buffalo consistent with the
     goals and objectives of the Consent Decree.
     1 DDT is defined in the consent decree as the sum of isomers
and degradation  products  of DDT; including p,p'-  and o,p'- DDT,
DDD, and DDE.

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7.   All methods of data evaluation will be considered which
are appropriate for the interpretation of the data developed
under the Consent Decree.
C.  Procedures for Review and Evaluationof Monitoring Data

1.   Each year, following the submission of the Long-Tenn
Monitoring Report, the Technical Committee, on behalf of the
Review Panel, will review the data and any recommendation
from Olin that compliance has been attained or continued to
be attained for any performance standard fish species.  The
Technical Committee will review the data and recommendation
for completeness, quality assurance certification, and
accuracy.

2.   The Technical Committee review will include
considerations of the trends in DDT levels, requirements for
additional monitoring by Olin, supplemental data from
participating agencies, and modifications to the monitoring
program or construction and implementation schedules as
approved by the Review Panel.

     a.  Changes in Fish DDT Levels.  The Review Panel
     recognizes that DDT residues are highly variable among
     individual fish and, therefore, reserves the option to
     focus on the long-term trend(s) of this contaminant in
     the community of fish within the specified study
     reaches.  If the Technical Committee determines it is
     appropriate, it may utilize other measures of central
     tendency (e.g., geometric means, medians) or pool data
     among reaches to evaluate the effect of individual fish
     on the arithmetic average.

     b.  Partitioning of DDT among various media.  A dynamic
     relationship exists between the levels of DDT in
     sediment, suspended sediments, water, and fish tissue.
     Fish residues are also influenced by the level of DDT
     in the food, percent of lipids, age, feeding behavior,
     and movements in and out of contaminated areas.  In
     reviewing trends of DDT concentrations in fish tissue,
     the Technical Committee will compare the levels of DDT
     in various media with the levels of DDT in each
     Performance Standard fish species.  Although the level
     of DDT in any one medium  (water or sediment) is
     expected to vary, it will be used as one indication of
     the efficacy of the remedial action.  The Committee
     will also examine relationships between DDT residues in
     fish and percent lipids in the filet, age of the fish
     and the level of DDT in filets, and the percent of each
     isomer in the total DDT level using data and analyses
     provided by Olin.

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     c.   Use of resampling, reanalysis, or additional
     studies for continued attainment.  Following the
     attainment of the Performance Standard, the Technical
     Committee may require additional information to
     evaluate changes in DDT levels.  For example, it may
     recommend that QA/QC split sample analysis be conducted
     for all performance standard fish of concern in each
     reach after the initial attainment of the Performance
     Standard.  It may also recommend that larger sample
     sizes be collected, particular fish be reanalyzed, or
     that the age of all fish be verified.  After the
     Performance Standard has been met for three consecutive
     years (by species and reach) collection and analysis
     may be discontinued but all samples collected shall be
     maintained in a repository.

     d.   Use of data from other sources.  The Technical
     Committee may use monitoring data from other sources to
     evaluate changes in DDT levels in the HSB-IC system;
     however, analytical measurements must be supported by
     evidence of strict protocols and QA/QC must be
     demonstrated to be equivalent to that required of Olin.
     Any discrepancies in collection of samples, preparation
     of tissues for extraction, or analytical procedures
     must be justified to the Technical Committee.

     e.   Data analysis and presentation.  The Technical
     Committee may consider other statistical analyses of
     the Olin data sets (e.g., geometric means, medians),
     pooling of the reach data, and testing the means for
     sensitivity to individual data points to determine
     trends and patterns of the monitoring results.

D.  Evaluation of the Remedial Action

1.   The Technical Committee will advise the Review Panel
if, based on their review of the data and the notification
of compliance, they believe that the Performance Standard
was attained and/or continued to be attained in a manner
consistent with the goals and objectives of the Consent
Decree.

     a.   If the Technical Committee finds that the
     Performance Standard has been attained consistent with
     the goals and objectives of the Consent Decree, the
     Technical Committee may advise the Review Panel whether
     or not they believe the Performance Standard will
     continue to be met consistent with the requirements of
     the Consent Decree as well as document the basis for
     such determination.

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     b.   If the Technical Committee finds that the
     Performance Standard is not being attained, but that
     the remedial action is consistent with the goals and
     objectives of the Consent Decree, they will advise the
     Review Panel whether or not they believe the remedial
     action can attain the Performance Standard over a
     longer period of time and whether or not further
     remedies are necessary.

     c.   If the Technical Committee finds that the end of
     the compliance period is reached without DDT levels in
     fish having reached the Performance standard for all of
     the required species within all study reaches as
     specified in the consent decree, it may recommend:
     extending the compliance period, further sampling to
     define/refine any trends, or other options, consistent
     with the procedures set forth in the Consent Decree.

2.   Following a determination oi: compliance with the  .
Performance Standard for channel catfish, largemouth bass,
and smallmouth buffalo, consistent with the goals and
objectives of the Consent Decree discussed in paragraph D.I
of this document, Olin shall submit to the Review Panel a
proposed list of future monitoring activities, DDT
measurements, studies, and other information by which Olin
would demonstrate that the remedy has provided, is providing
and will continue to provide achievement of the Performance
Standard once the Consent Decree terminates.

     a.   The Technical Committee will review the proposal
     of monitoring activities and advise the Review Panel on
     its adequacy and/or recommend modifications to the
     proposal.  The proposal should explain how the future
     monitoring activities, studies, and information will be
     integrated with existing data.

     b.   The Technical Committee will seek to coordinate
     the monitoring activities of DDT in HSB-IC among the
     members, agencies and Olin to minimize duplicative
     requirements.

3.   Following the approval and implementation of the
monitoring activities and data collection discussed under
paragraph D.2 of this document, the Review Panel and the
Technical Committee will review this information for
compliance with paragraph 54 of the Consent Decree.

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III. Conclusion
     This decision document is the  Review Panel's decision from
its January  23,  1992  meeting.   This document consists of 7 pages
of text and  one  appendix of three pages and comprises the Review
Panel decision.  It is accepted and adopted by the representatives
of  the Review Panel  member agencies  and  concurred  in by the
nonvoting participants as shown by the signatures affixed hereto.

                             MEMBERS
Anne L.
Chairperson, Review Panel
                                      R. Mark Wilson
                                      U.S. Fish and Wildlife
                                        Service
Dr. Edward S. Bender
    "^Washington, D.C.
                                             seph M. Mab
                                           Army, Redstone Ars
Tennessee Valley Authority
                                      James W. Warr
                                      Alabama Department of
                                        Environmental Management
          S^     NONVOTING PARTICIPANTS


      «0/r   -T&-4&L
Honorable Clyde Foster
Town Mf Triana, Alabama
                                      William G. McGlasson
                                      Olin Corporation
                      DATED:  ^ 2 3 1992

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               Review Panel Decision Document NO.  9

                            Appendix A

               Long Term Monitoring Data Reporting

     Review Panel Decision Document No. 6, as amended, requires
the submission of an annual report describing the previous year's
activities and the data collected.  The types of information and
environmental data which are reported are described in the
following sections.  Some additional data which are being
reported for the first time in 1992 and they are marked with an
asterisk.

1.  Fish Monitoring Program

     The fish monitoring program consists of the collection of
performance standard fish, substitute fish, and other fish
species in the spring and a collection of young-of-year
performance standard fish in the fall.  General data to be
reported includes species of fish, numbers of fish collected,
field observations and water quality data (pH, dissolved oxygen
and water temperature).

     a.  Individual fish data to be reported include:

               -length
               -weight
               -filet weight
               -total DDT in filet
               -DDT isomers in filet
               -lipids in filet
               -location of capture
               -date of capture

     b.  Additional data on the performance standard fish
     collected in the spring include:

               -age(either using standard aging techniques or
               length-weight relationships)*
               -condition factor*

2.  Surface Water Monitoring Program

     The surface water monitoring program consists of semi-annual
water sampling and velocity-discharge measurements.  General data
to be reported include stage elevation, water quality (pH,
dissolved oxygen and water temperature), flowrate, flow velocity
and direction, and field observations.

          Individual sample data to be reported include:
               -sample location

-------
               -sample date and time
               -total DDT
               -filterable DDT
               -total suspended solids
               -total organic carbon (3 sampling locations only)
3.  Other Environmental Studies

     Other monitoring studies may be conducted.  These may
include daily water sampling, macroinvertebrate studies and
sediment sampling.  Data to be reported will vary from study to
study but will generally include:

               -samples collected
               -measurements made
               -sample/measurement location
               -time and date of sampling/measurements
               -analytical data  (DDT, noisture, etc. as
               applicable)
4.  Quality Assurance/Quality Control Data

     All field sampling and laboratory analyses include a quality
assurance program.  Data generated for quality assurance purposes
will also be reported.  These data include field, intralaboratory
and interlaboratory data such as:

               -split sample results
               -spike sample results
               -duplicate sample results
               -SRM sample results

5.  Data Evaluation

     Data evaluation will utilize statistical analysis to
describe the data collected for fish, water and other media.

     a. Analysis of Fish Data

     Analysis of fish data will include the following:

               -DDT by reach by species
               -DDT by system by species
               -DDT by age class by species *
               -DDT by lipid content by species*

     b. Statistics and Comparisons

     Various statistical parameters will be determined and
presented where appropriate for fish and other data.  These

                                ii

-------
include:

               -arithmetic mean
               -geometric mean*
               -median*
               -standard deviation
               -range
               -sample size
               -statistical distribution
               -other evaluations to describe the data

     Comparisons of data to baseline values and previous sampling
years will be presented.  Trends in data will be evaluated by
reach and by species for fish data.  Trends in water and sediment
data will also be compared where appropriate.

     c. Water Data Evaluation

     Evaluation of water data will include:

               -DDT concentrations by site
               -DDT transport by site
               -total suspended sediment concentrations by site
               -suspended sediment transport by site


     Trends and comparisons of water quality data including DDT
concentrations to past data and baseline data will be presented.

     d. Quality Assurance Evaluations

     Evaluation of the quality assurance data will also be
presented.  Both intralaboratory and interlaboratory data will be
evaluated for accuracy and precision.  The referee laboratory's
certification will also be included.
                               iii

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
                   Appendix H. Decision Document No. 10,
        Process for Review of Olin's Notifications of Continued Attainment
                         by the Technical Committee

           Decision Document 10-Appendix A , Finding of Continued
           Attainment, Largemouth Bass, Reach C, January 19,
           1995.

           Decision Document 10-Appendix B, Fin«iing of Continued
           Attainment Largemouth Bass, Reach A, July 20, 1995.

           Decision Document 10-Appendix C, Fimiing of Continued
           Attainment Largemouth Bass, Reach B, July 20, 1995

-------

-------
             REVIEW PANEL DECISION DOCDHENT NUMBER 10
     PROCESS FOR REVIEW OF OLIN'S NOTIFICATIONS OF CONTINUED
              ATTAINMENT BY THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

 I.   Introduction.

     Pursuant to the requirements of the Consent Decree,
 U.S. vs. Olin Corp.. May 31, 1983, the Review Panel .is authorized
 to review the remedial action implemented by Olin and determine
 whether the remedy has achieved compliance with the performance
 standard consistent with the goals and objectives of the Consent
 Decree.  The Review Panel may review all significant information
 and supporting data to assess the adequacy of the remedy and
 compliance with the performance standard, including the Long-Term
 Monitoring Reports (Decision Document No. 6), the Interim Goals
 (Decision Document No. 5), and advice and data evaluations from
 the Technical Committee (Decision Document No. 9).

     Pursuant to the Consent .Decree and Decision Documents No. 6
 and No. 9, Olin will notify the Review Panel and the Technical ~"
 Committee when Olin determines that it has attained the
 performance standard and when it has demonstrated continued
 attainment of the performance standard.  The Joint Technical
 Proposal to Implement Remedial Activities Pursuant to Consent
 Decree at Section 7.3.2, Measurement of Performance Standard,
 defines Attainment and Continued Attainment as follows:

     The performance standard is a DDT level of 5 ppm
   .  in fillets of channel catfish, larcfemouth bass and
     smallmouth buffalo in Reaches A, B] and C.  Olin
     shall be deemed to "attain the performance standard*
     when the average DDT concentration in the fillets of
     each of the aforementioned fish species is five ppm
     (or less) in Reaches A, B, and C.  "Continued attainment
     of the performance standard* occurs: when the average
     DDT concentration in the fillets of each of the
     aforementioned.fish species is five ppm (or less)     ...
     for three (3) consecutive years (including year
     of Attainment) in Reaches A, B, and. C.

     On behalf of the Review Panel, the Technical Committee will
evaluate Olin's notification of attainment and continued
attainment of the performance standard for each species in each
Reach and determine if attainment and continued attainment of the
Performance Standard have been satisfactorily demonstrated for
purposes of compliance with the Consent Decree and will make
recommendations to the Review Panel.  The process for the
Technical Committee review of the monitoring data, other
appropriate factors,  and recommendations to the Review Panel is
described in Decision Document No. 9.


-------
      The purpose of this  document is to establish procedures for
 recording  the  Decisions of  the Review Panel relative to
 attainment and continued  attainment of the performance standard.
 The  procedures are intended to provide guidance for consistent
 reviews and to document the rationale for the decisions in one
 easily accessible location.  In that spirit, all future
 "continued attainment* Decisions will be added as appendices to
 Decision Document No. 10.

 II.   Decision   .The decision of the Review Panel is:

      A.  The Technical Committee will review Olin's notification
 of attainment  and continued attainment of the performance
 standard and supporting data.  Through the application of sound
 analytical and technical principles, the Technical Committee will
 evaluate the data and advise the Review Panel on the status of
 the  remedial action in attaining and/or demonstrating continued
 attainment with the performance standard.  Following this
 evaluation, the Technical Committee will make recommendations tor
 the  Review Panel on the continued attainment demonstration for
 each species in each Reach  and recommend preparation of an
 appendix to Decision Document No. 10.

      B.  The Review Panel will review the recommendations of the
 Technical Committee and make a decision as to the demonstration
 of continued attainment of the performance standard.

      C.  The Review Panel will acknowledge the notification of
 the  attainment of the performance standard for a species in the
 Minutes of the Review Panel, meeting.

      D. Decisions related to continued attainment of the
 performance standard will be documented in signed appendices to
 this  Decision Document.  Each appendix will identify the
 notification, the supporting data from.Olin including the EPA
 Certification of the data set, and any recommendations of the.
 Review Panel fo*r additional mpnitoring or modifications to the
 remedial action plan.

      E.  Once the Review Panel determines that continued
 attainment has been achieved for a performance standard species
 in a  particular Reach, compliance for that species in that Reach
will  not be reevaluated until the seventh year of the seven year
 period prior to termination o± the Consent Decree.    Olin may
 continue to monitor that species in that Reach for informational
purposes and will report the results of any informational
monitoring to the Review Panel in the Annual Report.

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 III. Conclusion
     This Decision Document confirms the Review Panel decision at
 its July 21,  1994  meeting.  This document consists of three pages
 of text and Appendix A with four Attachments and comprises the
 Review Panel  decision.  Appendices for subsequent determinations
 of continued  attainment of the performance standard will be
 attached and  incorporated herein as they are developed, approved,
 and signed by the  Review Panel.  Acceptance and adoption of this
 document by the representatives of the Review Panel member
 agencies and  concurrence by the nonvoting participants are shown
 by the signatures  affixed hereto.                   .

                             MEMBERS               rs.
Anne L. Asbe11
Chairperson, Review Panel
Dr. W. Allen Robison
U.S. Fish and Wildlife
  Service
Dr. Edward S. Bender
EPA - Washington, D.C
Col. Stephen P. Moeller
U.S. Army, Redstone Arsenal.
Robert
Tennessee Valley Authority
James W. Warr
Alabama Department of
  Environmental Management
                      NONVOTING PARTICIPANTS
Honorable Clyde* Poster
        Triana, Alabama

William G. McGlasson
01in Corporation
                        DATED: JAK H IMS

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-------
              Review Panel Decision Document No. 10

                            Appendix A

                 Finding of Continued Attainment:
                     Largemouth Bass,  Reach C
I.  Introduction

     Pursuant to the requirements of the Consent Decree, U.S. vs.
Olin Corp.. May 31, 1983, the Review Panel is authorized to
review the remedial action implemented by Olin and determine
whether the remedy has achieved compliance with the performance
standard consistent with the goals and objectives of the Consent
Decree.  This Appendix documents the Decision of the Review Panel
regarding Olin's demonstration of continued attainment of the
performance standard for Largemouth bass in Reach C.

II.  Findings of the Review Panel

     A. Notification*  Olin provided notification that Largemouth
bass had demonstrated continued attainment of the performance
standard of 5 ppm DDT in Reach C on June 1, 1994 in Annual Report
Number 6 for the Huntsville Spring Branch Indian Creek Long-Term
Monitoring Program.  The data showing DOT concentrations in
Largemouth bass by Tear are presented on Table 22 of the June 1,
1994 Report (copy of Table 22 is attached hereto and incorporated
herein).                            .

     B. Datas  The Technical Committee reviewed the data and
determined that the average DDT concentrations in fillets of
Largemouth bass in Reach C have been lens than 5 parts per.
million for four consecutive years, based on data from annual
fish collections from 1990 through 1993.,

     C. Quality Assurance Evaluations:  The EPA referee
laboratory Certifications -for each set of .data are attached to
this Appendix A and confirm that ,the data are acceptable for use
in determining achievement, of the performance standard set forth
in the Consent Decree.             .                         .

     D. RQConTmen.dati.ons for Further Studies or Analysis*  There
are no recommendations for further study or analysis by Olin at
this time.

-------
 III.   Decision
      The Review Panel has  evaluated the recommendation of the
 Technical.Committee and determined that the data  provided by Olin
 for Largemouth bass for DDT concentrations in fillets  demonstrate
.continued attainment with  the performance standard of  5 parts per
 million for Largemouth bass in Reach C.

 IV..Conclusion

      This decision document confirms the Review Panel  decision  at
 its July 21, 1994  meeting.   This document consists of  two pages
 of text and four attachments and comprises the Review  Panel
 decision.  Acceptance and  adoption of this document by the
 representatives of the Review Panel member agencies and
 concurrence by the nonvoting participants are shown by the
 signatures affixed hereto.

                             • MEMBERS            s*\
Anne L. As bell
Chairperson,  Review Panel
                                      Dr. W. Allen Robison
                                      U.S. Fish and Wildlife
                                        Service
              Bender
EPA - Washington, D.C.
                                      Col. Stephen P. Moeller
                                           Army, Redstone Arsenal
Robert J.~ Pryor
Tennessee Valley Authority
                                         is W. Warr
                                      Alabama Department of
                                        Environmental Management
                      NONVOTING PARTICIPANTS
Honorable Clyde Foster
Town of Triana, Alabama
                                      William 6. McGlasson
                                      Olin Corporation
                        DATED:

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                              TABLE 22
           AVERAGE DDT CONCENTRATIONS IN FISH BY YEAR
                        LARGEMOUTH BASS
        Parameter  piling*  Year 1   Year2  Year 3   Year 4  Year5  Year6
                            128S   1282    122Q     1991    1992    1993
  B
n
ave
s.d.
min
max
n
ave
s.d.
min
max
n
ave
s.d.
min
max
21
7.1
7.8
1.2
28
3
37
11
28
49
34
8.2
6.0
1.2
24
10
5.6
5.5
.7
16
'9
5.0
8.5
0.4
27
17
2.7
4.8
0.2
16
17
4.9
4.1
0.2U
15
13
2.2
2.4
0.2U
8.8
26
6.4
13
0.2U
56
18
4.3
4.2
0.11J
16
14
3.7
4.0
0.45
16
A
(&7
1.4
0.64
5.0
14
9.7
6.8
2.0
23
10
9.5
5.6
2.3
21
A
@
3.7
0.03U
12
11
1.5
2.4
0.27
8.0
18
1.3
1.4
0.03U
5.6
Tfi,
c^?
OT89
0.03U
4.0
to
1.2
1.3
0.13
3.8
15-
3.SL'
3.5
0.08
14
•12
&d
1.7
0.50
6.8
* Dedson Document No. 2 [1982-1985 Fish Collection (Year Group H-V)]
DDT concentrations are ppm (mg/kg) in filets
            **               •                         •  .
n is number of samples analyzed
ave is average DDT concentration (ppm) of samples analyzed
s.d. is standard deviation of the DDT concentrations (ppm)
min is the minimum DDT concentration (ppm) analyzed
max is the maximum DDT concentration (ppm) analyzed
C:HSVTAB6AJX)C
                                                                 6/1/94

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-------

-------
        UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                              REGION IV
                       ENVIRONMeKTAI. SERVICES DCVIStON
                           ATHENS. GEORGIA 3OO13
                           May 25,  1994
4ES-AS-LES

SUBJECT:

FROM:




TO:
           Huntsville- DDT Project
           H.  Lavon Revells
           Senior Staff Specialist
           Analytical  Support Branch
          O.tcice of Regional  Counsel
     I have  reviewed  the fish inter-laboratory comparison data
for the  1993  Huntsville DDT Project and find it acceptable.
There were 38 fish  samples  split with EPA as the Referee
laboratory and Olin-Charleston as  the Primary laboratory.  The
average  % RSD was 18.8,  which is well within the required % RSD
of 30.   However, a  data bias check performed by Keith Roberts
determined that there was bias between laboratories.  Of the 38
split samples, Olin's results were less than EPA's for 32 of
them.  Keith  Roberts  and I  have begun studies to determine the
cause of this difference.
cc:  Dr. Edward Bender  (14OOF, HDQTR)
     Mr. Keith Roberts  (Olin-Charleston)
     •James Finger  (ESD)
     Wade Knight (ESD)

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-------
               U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                             REGION IV
                  ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES DIVISION
                          ATHENS, GEORGIA

                          AUGUST 17, 1994
 4ES-AS-LES..
 MEMORANDUM
 SUBJECT:  OLIN'S 1991 AND 1992 FISH MONITORING DATA
 FROM:
 TO:
  Lavon Revells, Chemist
  Senior Staff Specialist


.  chairperson, Review Panel
      As you know,  Olin's 1991 and 1992  fish monitoring, data were
 flagged because the percent relative standard deviation (%RSD)  of
 split fish sample  results between Olin  and EPA Region IV Labora-
 tories was greater than the target goal of 30.  Since the
 reporting of the 1991 fish data,  representatives from our EPA
 laboratory and Olin's primary and secondary laboratories had
 several.meetings and discussions  in an  effort to determine the
 cause of the high  %RSD.  As a result of  these discussions, a
 series of studies  were designed and conducted to identify the
 problem areas.  While all laboratories were using the same
 analytical method,  the studies indicated that slight variations
 in laboratory procedures could give different results. For this
 reason,  the procedures were standardized and incorporated into
 the method,  subsequently,  thirty  fish samples representing the
 1991  and 1992 fish collection were split between the three
 laboratories and analyzed according to  the standardized pro-
 cedures.  All samples that had results greater than 5 PPM DDT met
 the goal of 30% RSD between Olin's primary and EPA Laboratories.

       The Technical committee in  it's July 0.993 meeting recommend-
 ed that other**QC parameters in addition to %RSD be used in  .
 evaluating fish monitoring data.  The Committee agreed that 30%
 RSD is not as important,  if the sample  results from the Olin and
.EPA laboratories are below 5 PPM  DDT.

      After reviewing the analytical data and the conclusions of
 the Technical Committee,  I concur with  the recommendation of the
 Technical Committee and the decision of the Review Panel to
 remove the asterisk from the 1991 and 1992 fish data.  The data
 are appropriate for use  by the Review Panel in making decisions
 regarding compliance with the performance  standard of 5 PPM DDT
 in fillets of performance  standard fish.

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                            FIGURE 3
           EPA QUALJTY ASSURANCE DATA CERTIFICATION
          UNfTED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                REGION (V

                         CNVWOMMCNTAL SERVICES DIVISION
                            ATHENS. GEOflWA 3O61 9
March  11,  1991
Anne Asbell
US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Regional Counsel
345 Court land St. NE
Atlanta, GA 30365

Dear Anne,

I have reviewed the fieh  inter-laboratory comparison data for the
1990. Huntsville DOT Project and find it acceptable.  There were 26
fish samples, split with EPA as the Referee  lab and Olin-Charleston
as .the  Primary lab.   The  average  %RSD was  25%,  which  is  quite
acceptable for fish tissue split samples.  Also, a data biae  check
performed  by Keith  Roberts  determined that  there  was  no  bias
between labs.           .
Sincerely yours,.
E. William Loy, Jr.,
Analytical Support Branch

cc:  Keith Roberts, Olin-Charleeton

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              Review Panel Decision Document No. 10

                           Appendix B
                                  -/
                 Finding of Continued Attainment
                    Largemouth Bass, Reach A
I.  Introduction

     Pursuant to the requirements of the Consent Decree,  U.S. vs.
Olin Corp., May 31, 1983, the Review Panel is authorized to
review the remedial action implemented by Olin and determine
whether the remedy has achieved compliance with the performance
standard consistent, with the goals and objectives of the Consent
Decree.  This Appendix documents the Decision of the Review Panel
regarding Olin's demonstration of continued attainment of the
performance standard for Largemouth bass in Reach A.

II.  Findings of the Review Panel

     A. Notificationr  Olin provided notification that Largemouth
bass had demonstrated continued attainment of the performance
standard of 5 ppm DDT in Reach A on May 15, 1995 in Annual Report
Number 7 for the Huntsville Spring Branch Indian Creek Long-Term
Monitoring Program.  The data showing DDT concentrations in
Largemouth bass by Year are presented on Table 22 of the May 15,
1995 Report (copy of Table 22 is attached hereto and incorporated
herein).

     B. Data;  The Technical Committee reviewed the data and
determined that the average DDT concentrations in fillets of
Largemouth bass in Reach A have been less than 5 parts per
million for three consecutive years, based on data from annual
fish collections from 1992 through 1994.

     C. Quality Assurance Evaluations;  The EPA referee
laboratory Certifications for each set of data are attached to
this Appendix B and confirm that the data are acceptable for use
in determining achievement of the performance standard set forth
in the Consent Decree.

     D. Recommendations for Further Studies or .Analysis^  There
are no recommendations for further .study or analysis by Olin at
this time.

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III.  Decision
     The Review Panel has evaluated the recommendation of the
Technical Committee and determined', that the data provided by Olin
for Largemouth bass for DDT concentrations in fillets demonstrate
continued attainment with the performance; standard of 5 parts per
million for Largemouth bass.in Reach A.

IV. Conclusion

     This decision document confirms the Review Panel decision at
its July 20, 1995 meeting.  This document, consists of two pages
of text and four attachments and comprises the Review Panel
decision.  Acceptance and adoption of this document by the
representatives of the Review Panel member agencies and
concurrence by the nonvoting participants are shown by the
signatures affixed hereto.

                             MEMBERS
                     _
Anne L. Asbell
Chairperson, Review Panel
                                      Dr.  W.  Allen Robison
                                      U.S. Fish and Wildlife
                                        Service
Dr. Edward S. Bender
EPA - Washington, D.C
                                      Col.  Stephen P. Moeller
                                      U.S.,  Army, Redstone Arsenal
Robert: .J>Pryor
Tennessee Valley Authority
                                       &=-
                                      fames W. Warr
                                      Alabama Department of
                                        Environmental Management
                      NONVOTING PARTICIPANTS
Honorafcfle 6lyde Foster
Town/of Triana, Alabama
                        DATED:
                                      William G. McGlasson
                                      Olin Corporation
                               JUL 20 1955

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                               TABLE22
            AVERAGE DDT CONCENTRATIONS IN HSH BY YEAR
                         LARGEMOUJH BASS
Begsh  Parameter  Baseline*  Year!   Year2  YearS   Year4  YearS
                           12SS   19J2    1220.   1221    1222
   B
                                                                 Year 6   Year?
                                                                 1222    1994
n
ave
s.d.
min
max
n
ave
s.d.
min
max
i
n
ave
s.d.
min
max
21
7.1
7.8
1.2
28
3
37
11
28
49
34
8.2
6.0
1.2
24
10
5.6
5.5
.7
16
9
5.0
8.5
0.4
27
17
2.7
4.8
0.2
16
17
4.9
4.1
0.2U
15
13
23
2.4
_ \
OL2U
8.8
26
6.4
13
0.2U
56
18
4.3
4.2
0.11J
16
14
3.7
4.0
0.45
16
14
2.4
1.4
0.64
5.0
14
9.7
6.8
2.0
23
10
9.5
5.6
2.3
21
13
4.9
3.7
0.03U
12
11
1.5
2.4
0.27
8.0
18
1.3
1.4
0.03U
5.6
26
0.78
0.89
0.03U
4.0
10
1.2
1.3
0.13
3.8
15
3.8
3.5
0.08
14
12
1.4
1.7
0.50
6.8
17
1.6
1.7
0.03U
5.6
* '
'12
1.9
2.3
0.03U
8.2
15
1.1
1.1
0.03U
3.8
   DDT concentrations are ppm (mg/kg) in fillets
* Decison Document No. 2 [1982-1985 Fish Collection (Year Group E-V)]

n is number of samples analyzed
ave is average DDT concentration (mg/kg) of samples analyzed
s.d. is standard deviation of the DDT concentrations (mg/kg)
min is the minimum DDT concentration (mg/kg) analyzed
max is the maximum DDT concentration (mg/kg) analyzed

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         UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                               REGION IV

                        ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES DtVISfON
                           ATHENS. GEORGIA 3O613
                           MAY G 8 895
4ES-AS-OCS

MEMORANDUM.

SUBJECT:  Huntsville DDT Project, 1994
FROM:
TO:
H. Lavon Revells
Senior Staff Specialist
Analytical Support Branch
                 of Regional Counsel
     I have reviewed the fish inter-laboratory comparison data
for the 1994 Huntsville DDT project and find it acceptable.
There were. 37 fish samples split with EPA as the Referee
laboratory and Olih-Charleston as .the Primary laboratory.  The
average % RSD was 18.1, which is veil within the required 30%
RSD.  Also; a data bias check performed by Keith Roberts
determined that there was bias between laboratories.  However,
this appears to be a minor problem at this time.

cc:  Dr. Edward Bender  (140OF, HDQTR}
     Mr. Keith Roberts  (Olin-Charleston)
     Mr. Russell Wright  (ESD)
     Mr. Charles Hooper  (BSD)

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    \             .    _-
    ?    UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY


             '•'£*''-.      •    •    REGION-IV

                        eNVKONMCNTAl. SERVICES (XVtStON
           .  *'-'" -           ATHENS, GEORGIA 3O013
                            May 25,  1994

 4ES-AS-LES     .'

 SUBJECT:   Huntsvill6-DDT Project
FROM:    .  H. Lavon Revells
           Senior staff Specialist
           Analytical flupport Branch;
•          •     ^<
TO:        Anne/Asbelil
           Of/face of Regional Counsel
      I  have reviewed the fish. inter-laboratory comparison data
for the 1993 Huntsville DDT Projec.t ,and -find it acceptable.
There were 3& fish samples split with EPA as the Referee
laboratory .and .blin-Charleston as 'the Primary laboratory.  The
average. %.RSD was .18.8, which is well within the required % RSD
of 30.  ' However,  a data bias check performed by Keith Roberts
determined.that there was bias.between laboratories.  Of the  38
split samples,  Olin's results were less than EPA's for 32 of
them.   Keith Roberts and I have begun studies to determine the
cause of this difference.
cc:  Dr. Edward; Bender (1400F,  HDQTR)
     Mr. Keith  Roberts (Olin-Charleston)
     James Finger (ESD)
     Wade Knight (ESD)

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-------
               U. S. ENVIRONMENTAI, PROTECTION AGENCY
                             REGION IV
                  ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES DIVISION
                          ATHENS, GEORGIA

                          AUGUST 17, 1994
 MEMORANDUM
           Lavon Revells, Chemist
           Senior Staff Specialist

           Aiinfe LrAsbell
           Chairperson, Review Panel
 SUBJECT:  OLIN'S 1991 AND 1992 FISH MONITORING DATA
FROM:
TO:
     .As you know, Olin's 1991 and 1992  fish monitoring, data were
 flagged because the percent relative  standard deviation (%RSD)* of'
 split fish sample results between Olin  and EPA Region IV Labora- '
 tories was greater than the target goal of 30.  Since the    .  ir
 reporting of the 1991 fish data,  representatives from our EPA "-
 laboratory and oiin's primary and ,secondary laboratories had  •-•
 several .meetings and discussions,-iti an  effort to determine the
 cause of the high %RSD. As a result of  these  discussions, a
 series, of-studies were designed and conducted to identify the-
 problem areas. While all laboratories were using the same
 analytical method, the studies indicated that slight variations
 in laboratory procedures could give different results.  For this
 reason, the procedures were standardized and  incorporated into
 the method. Subsequently, thirty  fish samples.representing the
 1991 and. 1992 fish collection were split between the three
 laboratories and analyzed according to  the standardized pro-
 cedures.  All samples that had results greater than 5 PPM DDT met
 the goal of 30% RSD between Olin's primary and EPA laboratories.

       The-Technical Committee in  it's July 1993 meeting recommend-
 ed that other**QC parameters in addition to %RSD be used in.  •
 evaluating fish monitoring 'data.  The  Committee agreed that 30%
 RSD is not as important,  if the sample  results from the Olin and
,EPA laboratories are below 5 PPM  DDT.

     After reviewing the analytical data and  the conclusions of
 the Technical Committee,  I concur with  the recommendation of the
 Technical Committee and the decision  of the Review Panel to
 remove the asterisk from the 1991 and 1992  fish data.  The data
 are appropriate for use by the Review Panel in making decisions
 regarding compliance with the performance  standard of 5 PPM DDT
 in fillets of performance standard fish.

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              Review Panel Decision Document No. 10

                           Appendix C

                 Finding of Continued Attainment
                    Largemouth Bass, Reach B
I.  Introduction

     Pursuant to the requirements of the Consent Decree, U.S.  vs.
Olin Corp., May 31, 1983, the Review Panel is authorized to
review the remedial action implemented by Olin and determine
whether the remedy has achieved compliance with the performance
standard consistent with the goals and objectives of the Consent
Decree.  This Appendix documents the Decision of the Review Panel
regarding Olin's demonstration of continued attainment of the
performance standard for Largemouth bass in Reach B.

II.  Findings of the Review Panel

     A. Notification:  Olin provided notification that Largemouth
bass had demonstrated continued attainment of the performance
standard of 5 ppm DDT in Reach B on May 15, 1995 in Annual Report
Number 7 for the Huntsville Spring Branch Indian Creek Long-Term
Monitoring Program.  The data showing DDT concentrations in
Largemouth bass by Year are presented on Table 22 of the May 15,
1995 Report (copy of Table 22 is attached hereto and incorporated
herein).

     B. Datat  The Technical Committee reviewed the data .and
determined that the average DDT concentrations in fillets of
Largemouth bass in Reach B have been less than 5 parts per
million for three consecutive years, based on data from annual
fish collections from 1992 through 1994.

     C. Quality Assurance Evaluations;  The EPA referee
laboratory Certifications for each set of data are attached to
this Appendix C and confirm that the data are acceptable for use
in determining achievement of the performance standard set forth
in the Consent Decree.

     D. Recommendations for Further Studies or Analysis;  There
are no recommendations for further study or analysis by Olin at
this time.

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III.  Decision
     The Review Panel has evaluated the recommendation of the
Technical Committee and determined that the data provided by Olin
for Largemouth bass for DDT concentrations in fillets demonstrate
continued .attainment with the performance standard of 5 parts per
million for Largemouth bass, in Reach B.

IV. Conclusion

     This decision document confirms the Review Panel decision at
its July 20, 1995 meeting.  This document consists of two pages
of text and four attachments and comprises the Review Panel
decision.  Acceptance and .adoption of this document by the
representatives of the Review Panel member agencies and
concurrence by the nonvoting participants are shown by the
signatures affixed hereto.

                             MEMBERS
Anne L. Asbell
Chairperson, Review Panel
                                      Dr.  W.  Allen Robison
                                      U.S.. Fish and Wildlife
                                        Seirvice
Dr. Edward S. Bender
EPA - Washington, D.C.
                                      Cfol.  Stephen P. Moellez-
                                      U.S.  Army, Redstone Arsenal
Tennessee Valley Authority
                                      James W.  Warr
                                      Alabama Department of
                                        Environmental Management
                      NONVOTING PARTICIPANTS
              ie Foster
Town/of Triana, Alabama
                                      William G. McGlasson
                                      Olin Corporation
                        DATED :

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                                TABLE 22

            AVERAGE DDT CONCENTRATIONS IN FISH BY YEAR
                                      /'
                         LARGEMOUTH BASS
  Reach
   B
arameter


n
ave
s.d.
min
max
n
ave
s.d.
min
max
n
ave
s.d.
min
max
Baseline* Year 1

21
7.1
7.8
1.2
28
3
37
11
28
49
34
8.2
6.0
1.2
24
J988
10
5,6
5.5
.7
16
9
5.0
8.5
0.4
27
17
2.7
4.8
0.2
16
Year 2
1989
17
4.9
4.1
0.2U
15
13
2,2
2,4
0:217
8.8
26
6.4
13
0.2U
56
Year 3
1990
18
4.3
4.2
0.11J
16
14
3.7
4.0
0.45
16
14
2.4
1.4
0.64
5.0
Year 4
1991
14
9.7
6.8
2.0
23
10
9.5
5.6
2.3
21
13
4.9
3.7
0.03U
12
Year5
1992
11
1.5
2.4
0.27
8.0
18
1.3
1.4
0.03U
5.6
26
0.78
0.89
0.03U
4.0
Year 6
1993
10
1.2
1.3
0,13
3.8
15
3.8
3.5
0.08
14
12
1.4
1.7
0.50
6.8
Year 7
1994
17
1.6
1.7
0.03U
5.6
*
12
. 1.9
2.3
0.03U
8.2
15
1.1
1.1
0.03U
3.8
    DDT concentrations are ppm  (mg/kg)  in fillets
 * Decison Document No. 2 [1982-1985 Fish Collection (Year Group H-V)]

 n is number of samples analyzed
 ave is average DDT concentration (mg/kg) of samples analyzed
 s.d. is standard deviation of the DDT concentrations (mg/kg)
 min is the minimum DDT concentration (mg/kg) analyzed
 max is the maximum DDT concentration (mg/kg) analyzed
C-.HSVTAB7A.DOC

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         UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
4ES-AS-OCS
                               REGION IV

                        ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES DIVISION
                           ATHENS. GEORGIA 3O613
                            •1 AY C SU995
                                . /
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT:

FROM:




TO:
Huntsville DDT Project, 1994
H. Lavon Revells
Senior Staff Specialist
      f cal Support Branch
        ell1
       of Regional Counsel
     I have reviewed the fish inter-laboratory comparison  data
for the 1994 Huntsville DDT project and find it acceptable.
There were 37 fish samples split with EPA as the Referee
laboratory and Olin-Charleston as the Primary laboratory.  The
average % RSD was 18.1, which is well within the required  30%
RSD.  Also, a data bias check performed by Keith Roberts
determined that there was bias between laboratories.  However,
this appears to be a minor problem at this time.

cc:  Dr. Edward Bender  (14OOF, HDQTR)
     Mr. Keith Roberts  {Olin-Charleston)
     Mr. Russell Wright  (BSD)
     Mr. Charles Hooper  (BSD)

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        UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                              REGION IV

                       ENVtRONMGNTAL. SERVICES DIVISION
                          ATHENS. GEORGIA 3O613
                           May 25, 1994.

4ES-AS-LES

SUBJECT:  Huntsville- DDT Project

FROM:    . H.  Lavon Revells  H^t
          Senior Staff Specialist
          Ahalytical  ftupport  Branch:

TO:
          Office  of  Regional Counsel
     I have  reviewed  the  fish  inter-laboratory  comparison data
for the 1993 Huntsville DDT  Project and  find it acceptable.
There were 38-  fish  samples split with EPA as the Referee
laboratory and .Olin-Charleston as 'the Primary laboratory.  The
average %.RSD  was 18.8, which  is well within the required % RSD
of 30.  However, a  data bias check performed by Keith Roberts
determined.that there was bias between laboratories.   Of the 38
split samples, Olin's results  were less  than EPA's  for 32 of
them.  Keith Roberts  and  I have begun studies to determine the
cause of this  difference.
cc:  Dr. Edward Bender  (14OOF, HDQTR)
     Mr. Keith Roberts  (Olin-Charleston)
     James Finger  (ESD)
     Wade Knight (ESD)

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 4ES-AS-LES..
 MEMORANDUM
                  S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                             REGION IV
                  ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES DIVISION
                          ATHENS,  GEORGIA

                          AUGUST 17, 1994
SUBJECT:   OLIN'S 1991 AND 1992 FISH MONITORING DATA
 FROM:
TO:
Lavon Revells, Chemist
Senior Staff Specialist
   X
Aimfe L.VAsbel
Chairperson, Review Panel
     As you know,  olin's  1991 and 1992 fish monitoring, data were
flagged because the percent relative standard deviation  (%RSD) of•
split  fish sample  results between Olin and EPA Region IV Labora- •
tories was greater than the target goal of 30. Since the     t~
reporting of the 1991 fish data, representatives from our EPA =
laboratory and oiin's primary and secondary laboratories had  ---
several .meetings and discussions, in an effort to determine the
cause  of  the high  %RSD. As a result of these discussions, a
series of .studies  were designed and conducted to identify the
problem areas.  While all  laboratories were using the same
analytical method,  the studies indicated that slight variations
in laboratory procedures  could give different results. For this
reason, the procedures were standardized and incorporated into
the method.  Subsequently, thirty fish samples representing the
1991 and.  1992  fish collection were split between the three
laboratories and analyzed according to the standardized pro-
cedures.  All samples that had results greater than 5 PPM DDT met
the goal  of 30% RSD between Olin's primary and EPA Laboratories.

      The Technical Committee in it's July 1993 meeting recommend-
ed that pther**QC parameters in addition to %RSD be used in.
evaluating fish monitoring data. The committee agreed that 30%
RSD is not as  important,'  if the sample results from the Olin and
EPA laboratories are below 5 PPM DDT.

     After reviewing the  analytical data and the conclusions of
the Technical Committee,  I concur with the recommendation of the
Technical  Committee and the decision of the Review Panel to
remove the asterisk from  the 1991 and 1992 fish data.  The data
are appropriate for use by the Review Panel in making decisions
regarding  compliance with the performance standard of 5 PPM DDT
in fillets of performance standard fish.

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
                   Appendix I.  Decision Document No. 11,
            Extension of Time for Meeting the Performance Standard
                 for Channel Catfish and Smallmouth Buffalo,
                             December 3, 1998.

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                REVIEW PANEL DECISION DOCUMENT NUMBER 11

     EXTENSION OF TIME FOR MEETING THE PERFORMANCE STANDARD FOR
                CHANNEL CATFISH AND SMALLMOUTH BUFFALO

INTRODUCTION

             On May 31,1983, the United States District Court for the Northern District of
Alabama (Northeastern Division, the Honorable Robert B. Propst presiding) entered, as part of
an overall order settling litigation between the United States of America, the state of Alabama,
and four sets of private parties against Olin Corporation (Olin), a Consent Decree (CD) that
governs development and implementation of remedial action for DDTR1 contamination in the
Huntsville Spring Branch-Indian Creek (HSB-IC) system.

       The CD requires Olin to develop and implement a Remedial Action to meet the
performance standard of 5 parts per million (ppm) of DDTR in filets of channel catfish,
largemouth bass, and smallmouth buffalo in specified reaches of the HSB-IC system:

       Reach A-Huntsville Spring Branch mile (HSBM) 5.4-2.4
       Reach B-HSBM 2.4-0.0, and
       Reach C-Indian Creek mile (ICM) 5.6-0.0.

       The purpose of the remedy, monitoring, and other actions that Olin is required to perform
under the CD is to isolate DDTR in the HSB-IC system from people and the environment, to
minimize transport of DDTR out of the HSB-IC system, and to protect human health and the
environment. The performance standard is to be achieved by a remedy consistent with the goals
and objectives of the CD, which are summarized below:

       1. Isolate DDTR from people and the environment;

       2. Minimize the transport of DDTR out of the HSB-IC system;

       3. Minimize adverse environmental impacts of remedial actions;

       4. Mitigate effect of DDTR on wildlife habitats in Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge
       (WNWR);
1       For purposes of the CD and as used in this report, DDTR is defined as 1,1 ,l-trichloro-2,2-
bis- (p-chlorophenyl) ethane, including its isomers, and the degradation products and metabolites
ODD or TDE (l,l-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane), and DDE (l,l-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-
chlorophenyl) ethylene), and the isomers thereof.

                                   Page 1 of 10

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       5. Minimize adverse effects on operations at Redstone Arsenal (RSA), Wheeler
       Reservoir, and WNWR;

       6. Avoid any increase in flooding, especially at the city of Huntsville and RSA, except
       those increases in water level that can reasonably be expected in connection with
       implementation of remedial action, provided Olin takes all reasonable steps to minimize
       or prevent such increases; and

       7. Minimize the effect of loss of storage capacity for power generation, in accordance
       with the TVA Act.

       The Review Panel reviewed and approved the proposed remedy for Reach A (Decision
Documents Numbers 1 and 3) and a Long Term Monitoring Program (Decision Document
Number 6) for evaluating progress toward meeting the perfoimance standard.

       The performance standard must be achieved within ten years after completion of
construction of the remedial action.  The remedial action plan, the long-term monitoring
program, and the attainment of the performance standard are all subject to the review and
approval of the Review Panel.

       Paragraph 40 of the Consent Decree provides "If Olin and the United States agree that
Olin has acted in good faith consistent with the schedule set forth in this Consent Decree but has
failed to meet the performance standard within the time set forth herein, Olin and the United
States shall agree to an extension of time for meeting the performance standard...".

DATA

       Olin implemented the remedial action plan for Reach A as approved by the Review
Panel.  Construction was completed in January 1, 1988. Beginning January 1,1988, Olin
implemented the Long-term Monitoring Program which was approved by the Review Panel in
Decision Document Number 6.

       The long-term monitoring plan measured DDTR concentrations in surface water, ground
water, sediments, and fish tissue as an indicator of effectiveness of the remedy in meeting the
goals of the CD.  A baseline of conditions for surface water and DDTR concentrations in
performance standard species and other species offish was established before the remedial
action. Other biota were also monitored periodically by Olin and other agencies to measure
DDTR concentrations and assess trends.

       Olin submits annual monitoring reports to the Review Panel. Results for 1997
(representing the 10th year after completion of the remedial action) were received in 1998.
Baseline vs. 1997 fish sampling results are as follows:
                                     Page 2 of 10

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                DDTR in Performance Standard Fish Over Time
 Species
Reach     DDTR Concentration (ppm) in Fish Filets
                                       % Reduction
                                      from Baseline
                                Baseline
                          1988
                            1997
 Channel Catfish
 Largemouth Bass
 Smallmouth Buffalo
  A
  B
  C

  A
  B
  C

  A
  B
  C
 95
 69
 66

7.1
 37
8.2

140
180
110
   33
   45
   36

   5.6
    5
   2.7

31 (1989)
   82
   89
   5.0
   6.9
   5.5

1.5(1996)
I.I (1996)
0.5 (1996)

   12
   21
   9.4
95
90
92

79
97
94

91
88
92
       Largemouth bass have met the performance standard and continued attainment has been
demonstrated in all three reaches for this species in 1994. Channel catfish in Reach A also met
the performance standard in 1997. Channel catfish in Reaches B and C and smailmouth buffalo
in Reaches A, B, and C have not yet met the performance standard.  Channel catfish are very
close to.the standard and smailmouth buffalo are approaching it. All three (3) species have
shown a 90%. reduction in DDTR overall and the trend appears to be continuing toward further
reductions.

       DDTR concentrations in the water column are believed to be an important route of exposure for
fish in HSB-IC. Baseline vs. 1997 water sampling results are as follows:
                                    Page 3 of 10

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                        DDTR in HSB-IC Water Over Time
 Sample
 Location
    Reach
                                 Total DDTR Concentration (ppb) in Water
                                  Baseline
                                 1988
                           1997
                                     % Reduction
                                         from
                                       Baseline
 HSBM 9.75     Upstream of A
 HSBM4.85
 HSBM 3.9
 HSBM 2.4
 ICM4.6
 ICM 0.38
 ICM 8.2
      A
      A
      A
      C
      C
Upstream of C
0.77
 3.4
 12
 13
 4.3
 1.7
 0.6
0.0*
0.0*
0.35
1.23
1.51
0.54
0.0*
0.0*
0.0*
0.0*
0.05
0.11
0.0*
0.0*
>98
>98
>98
>97
>98
       * Below quantitation limit of the analytical method.
       As shown in the above table, average DDTR concentrations in the water column are
reduced by 97% or greater below the baseline conditions (pre-remedial action) throughout the
entire HSB-IC system. Water column concentrations are affected by sediment DDTR
concentrations within the HSB-IC system. The remedial action in Reach A isolated significant
quantities of DDTR in sediments.

       The Remedial Action Plan developed by Olin, reviewed and approved by the Review
Panel, has been implemented consistent with all of the goals and objectives of the CD. Even
though the ten year monitoring period has expired, Olin has continued, in good faith, the
monitoring to evaluate changes in DDTR concentrations in performance standard species. The
results for 1998 should be available by the summer of 1999.

       Although significant reductions in DDTR concentrations for channel catfish and
smallmouth buffalo have occurred, these species have not achieved the performance standard in
each of the stream reaches.  In anticipation of this situation, the Review Panel requested that Olin
provide an evaluation of the progress achieved through the initial ten years and an analysis of
when the performance standard would be achieved. In Olin's. HSB-IC Long-Term Monitoring
Program, Annual Report No. 10, May 15,1998, Olin included extensive trend and statistical
evaluation of the results and projections of when performance standards would be achieved.
Results of this evaluation conclude that channel catfish and smallmouth buffalo would achieve
the performance standard in all three reaches within 5 and 10 years respectively. Based on these
results, Olin made the following recommendations:
                                     Page 4 of 10

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       1. The attainment period for the channel catfish be extended by five (5) years to
       December 31,2002.

       2. The attainment period for the smallmouth buffalo be extended by ten (10) years to
       December 31,2007.

PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT

       On September 15,1998, the Review Panel held a public information meeting at the
Triana Youth Center to inform the public on: a) the progress that had been achieved through
1997 and b) the Review Panel proposal to extend the time to attain the performance standard for
channel catfish and smallmouth buffalo.

       At the meeting, members of the Review Panel and other agency representatives discussed
the background of the problem, the design and implementation of the remedy, and the progress
toward meeting the performance standard which is summarized here. Questions were answered
in one-on-one discussions with members of the public. One hundred and fourteen people
attended the sessions. Oral and written comments at the meeting supported the recommendation
of the Review Panel to extend the time to attain compliance with the performance standards,
while requiring monitoring, interim goals, and contingency plans.  However, questions from the
public also reflected their concerns about the permanence of the remedy, the necessity for the
time extension, groundwater or water supply contamination, and the risks of eating  fish today.
Many individuals said that the monitoring results were very encouraging, they believed that the
remedy would work, and they were pleased with the commitment of all involved.

    .  After, the public meeting the record remained open for the receipt of written  comments
until October 9,1998.  Comments offered at the meeting or in writing were consolidated by topic
and are presented with Review Panel responses in Appendix A to this decision document.
RATIONALE FOR THIS DECISION

       The Review Panel members recognized the following points in developing this decision:

1. DDTR concentrations in the HSB-IC system have declined significantly in fish, sediments,
       and surface water following the construction of the remedial action. Analysis of existing
       data predict that further reductions should occur in the future.

2. There is no evidence of contamination of groundwater. Extensive monitoring supports the
       conclusion that DDTR does not move in groundwater at this site.

3. DDTR concentrations are expected to continue to gradually decline in sediments and water
       due to natural processes, including hydrologic mixing with clean sediments, burial from

                                     Page 5 of 10

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       deposition, microbial degradation and irietabolism to other compounds, binding with
       organic particles, and photolysis. There is no evidence that additional sources of DDTR
       are contributing to the HSB-IC system loadings.

4. The remedial action structures containing the known sources, i.e., DDTR in sediments, have
       continued to maintain their integrity and isolate DDTR. Engineering inspections by the
       Review Panel's Inspection Committee (comprised of staff from all represented agencies)
       confirm that the remedy has been stable and has not required repair or maintenance.

5. The HSB-IC system is a valuable resource, water quality is improving, and desirable species
       offish and wildlife are increasing in abundance and diversity. Independent studies and
       evaluations by Fish and Wildlife Service, Tennessee Valley Authority, Department of the
       Army (both USAGE and Redstone Arsenal), the Environmental Protection Agency, and
       Alabama support these conclusions.

6. The DDTR concentrations of fish in Wheeler reservoir have decreased to levels sufficient
       that the Alabama Department of Public Health removed its fish consumption advisory
       from the Tennessee River in 1996.

7. The Review Panel has reviewed Olin Annual Report No. 10 and concurs that the predictions
       of time to achieve the performance standard for channel catfish and smallmouth buffalo
       are reasonable estimates based on current data.

8. At this time, it is unclear whether further remedial action would decrease the time to attain
       the performance standard.

9. The Review Panel will monitor progress and require action as needed.

DECISION

       Based on consideration of achievements to date and public comments, the decision of the
Review Panel is that Olin has acted in good faith with the provisions of the Consent Decree.
Monitoring data verifies that DDTR levels in fish have declined significantly. Concentrations hi
fish, sediment and water have all decreased.  Analysis of existing data on fish, water and
distribution of DDTR in sediments support the conclusion that this trend will continue.
Largemouth  Bass have met the performance standard in all three reaches since 1992 (with
continued attainment since 1994) and concentrations in channel catfish and smallmouth buffalo
have declined significantly toward the performance standard. Furthermore, all of the goals and
objectives of the CD have been achieved.
       The Review Panel concludes that an extension of the time to attain the performance
standard for channel catfish of 5 years (until December 31, 2002) and for smallmouth buffalo of
10 years (until December 31, 2007) should be granted. These extensions are subject to the
conditions that Olin:

                                     Page 6 of  10

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       a) monitor to evaluate attainment of the performance standard for these fish species and
       the effectiveness of the remedy during the period of the extension;

       b) establish interim goals to evaluate progress toward compliance; and

       c) develop contingency plans if the interim goals are not achieved, the performance
       standard(s) is not attained, or the performance standard(s) cannot be maintained as
       defined by the CD.

Within 60 days following  the date of this decision document, Olin shall submit to the
       Review Panel for review and approval, proposals for:

       1) a monitoring program for the balance of the time extension;

       2) interim goals for the time extension; and

       3) contingency plans in the event that the interim goals or performance standards are not
       achieved within the period of this time extension, or the performance standard cannot be
       maintained.

       Olin shall submit this information to the Review Panel for approval. The current
monitoring program will remain in effect until the Review Panel approves a modification.
                                     Page 7 of 10

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 CONCURRENCE

       This Decision Document, consisting of text (including this concurrence section) and
 appendix A, comprises the Review Panel decision and is accepted and adopted by the
 representatives of the Review Panel member agencies and concurred in by the nonvoting
 participants as shown below by the signatures affixed hereto.
                                    MEMBERS
 Edward S. Bender, Ph.D.
 Chairman, Review Panel
                                    W. Allen Robison, Ph.D.
                                    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
•Alan Yarbrou
 Environmem
        £7
rotection Agency
Colonel Steven C. riamilton
U.S. Army, Redstone Arsenal
 RobertPryor
 Tennessee Valley Authority
                                    James W. Warr
                                    Alabama Department of
                                          Environmental Management
                           NONVOTING PARTICIPANTS
 Honoj>«r&le'Clyde Foster
 Town of Triana, Alabama
                              Dated:
                                    Laura B. Tew
                                    Olin Corporation
                                      DEC  2 1  1998
                                    Page 8 of 10

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                                      Appendix A.
                       Review Panel Responses to Public Comments

       Comments2 listed here are a consolidation of oral and written public comments and
questions on the Review Panel proposed decision to extend the time for meeting the performance
standard for channel catfish and smallmouth buffalo under the terms and conditions of the
Consent Decree, U.S. v. Olin Corporation.

Comment:  The remedy has been given ten years to  reach the performance standard, why should
more time be granted?

       Response: The remedial action for the Huntsville Spring Branch-Indian Creek System
       has been very effective in reducing DDTR concentrations in fish, water and sediments.
       Concentrations in some fish are declining more slowly than expected when the Consent
       Decree was signed. However, monitoring data show that concentrations continue to
       decline.

       There is convincing evidence that the remedy is working and, given additional time, will
       fully comply with the Consent Decree. People and the environment would experience
       fewer additional adverse effects by extending the time to allow the trends to continue
       declining than by undertaking additional remedial actions that probably would release
       additional DDTR into the environment temporarily.

       If Olin has acted in good faith consistent with the schedule set forth hi the Consent
       Decree but has failed to meet the performance standard, the Consent Decree provides that
       the Review Panel shall grant an extension of time for meeting the performance standard.
       The Review Panel has concluded that Olin has acted in good faith in planning,
       construction, and monitoring the remedial action project. Consequently, at this point, a
       time extension is prudent and consistent with the Consent Decree.

Comment: What is the basis for the time period of the extension?

       Response: Monitoring data have shown that the average concentrations of DDTR are
       declining in the water column and in fish filets. Analysis of this data can be used to
       estimate the amount of time required to achieve the performance standard. The Review
       Panel reviewed analyses supplied by Olin and concurred with predictions of the time for
       channel catfish and smallmouth buffalo to reach the performance standard.

Comment:  What will Olin do if they are  given more time to reach the performance standard?
2 Comments received about the medical fund monies were forwarded to the Chair of the Health
Review Panel because the issues raised were outside the scope of this Review Panel.

                                     Page 9 of 10

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       Response:  During the period of the extension, Olin must continue to monitor DDTR
       concentration trends and maintain the remedy. Olin also must continue to report annually
       to the Review Panel on progress toward achieving the performance standard. If progress
       toward achieving the performance standard is not considered to be adequate by the
       Review Panel, Olin must pursue contingency plans. In addition, Olin must comply with
       all other provisions of the Consent Decree.

Comment: What is the current status of DDTR contamination in fish for the Triana area?

       Response:  In 1996, the State of Alabama lifted the fish consumption advisory in the
       Tennessee River in the vicinity of Triana. Average DDTR concentrations in channel
       catfish and smallmouth buffalo in Indian Creek and Huntsville Spring Branch continued
       to exceed the performance standard in 1997, and the fish consumption advisory for
       bottom-feeding fish (primarily channel catfish and smallmouth buffalo) in Indian Creek
       and Huntsville Spring Branch remains in effect. Largemouth bass have achieved the
       performance standard and are not subject to the fish consumption advisory in the HSB-IC
       system or the Tennessee River.
                                    Page 10 of 10

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Review Panel Activities HSB-IC System DDT Remedial Action (3rd Report)
                                 Appendix J
  Joint Petition for Modification of Schedule to Meet Consent Decree Performance
                          Standards and Court Order
                                     J-l

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             THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
                   NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
                       NORTHEASTERN DIVISION
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

           Plaintiff,

OLIN CORPORATION,

           Defendant.
CIVIL ACTION
NO. CV80-PT-5300-NE
       JOINT PETITION FOR MODIFICATION OF SCHEDULE TO MEET
             CONSENT DECREE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

     The United States of America, on behalf of the U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the U.S.

Department of the Army (DOA), and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), joins

with Olin Corporation in filing this Petition for Modification of Schedule to Meet

Performance Standards. This Petition is being filed pursuant to Paragraph 40 of

the Consent Decree entered by this Court on May 23,1983. A copy of the Consent

Decree is attached to this Petition as Attachment A

                           I. BACKGROUND

     On December 4,1980, the United States filed a Complaint against Olin

Corporation alleging that Olin's discharge of DDT into the waters of the United

States,  the Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge, and the environment from Oiin's

DDT manufacturing plant located on the Redstone Arsenal, had created an

imminent and substantial endangerment to human health and the environment.

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The United States sought relief under federal statutory law and common law.1' -

      On May 31,1993, this Court entered a Consent Decree between the United
                       i

States and Olin Corporation under which Olin agreed to conduct cleanup activities

at its former DDT plant (also known as the Olin Superfund Site) in order to abate

the risk of harm. More specifically, the Consent Decree required Olin to develop

and implement a remedial action plan which will isolate DDT contaminated soils

and sediments from people and the environment, and reduce DDT levels in filets of

three selected indicator fish species to 5 parts per million (ppm) within ten (10)
                                                        4
years after Olin completed construction of the remedy. The Consent Decree

established a Review Panel with voting members from EPA, TVA, FWS, and DOA,

and the State of Alabama2', and non-voting members from Olin and the Town of

Triana, Alabama. The Review Panel is authorized to make decisions concerning the

selection and modification of the remedy, achievement of performance standards,

compliance with the goals and objectives of the Decree, and other activities

required under the Decree. The Review Panel approved Olin's proposed remedial

action plan.               ;

      Olin implemented the remedial action and completed construction on

January 1,1988. A ten-year monitoring period began on January 1,1988, and the 5
^Congress enacted the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act ("CERCLA" or "Superfund") in 1980.
      State of Alabama filed a separate suit (Civ. Action No. CV79-PT-5174-NE)
 against Olin seeking similar relief to that requested by the United States. The
 Court consolidated the cases.

                                    -2-

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 ppm performance standard was required to have been achieved by December 31

 1997. During the monitoring period, Olin measured DDT concentrations in the

 surface water, ground water, sediments, and fish tissue as an indicator of the

 effectiveness of the remedy. Results for 1997, representing the 10th year after

 construction of the remedy, were received in 1998 and indicated that while the

 remedy has been successful in achieving the Goals and Objectives set out hi

 paragraph 13 of the Decree, the performance standards have not yet been met in all

 3 fish species in all 3 reaches of the river system.
                                                        4
      Largemouth bass have met the performance standard and continued

 attainment has been demonstrated in all three reaches for this species in 1996.

 Channel catfish in Reach A have also met the performance standard. Channel

 catfish in Reached B and C and smallmouth buffalo in Reaches A, B, and C have not

 yet met the performance standard. All three species have shown a 90% reduction

 in DDT overall and the trend appears to be continuing toward further reductions.

• Based on these results, the Review Panel requested Olin to provide and evaluation

 of the progress achieved during the ten-year monitoring period and projection of

 when the performance standard would be met for channel catfish and smallmouth

 buffalo. Olin's Annual Report No. 10, dated May 15,  1998, included extensive trend

 and statistical analyses of the monitoring results, and concludes that channel

 catfish would achieve the performance standard within 5 years, and

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smalimouth buffalo within 10 years. Based on this report, Olin recommended that:

1.    The schedule for attainment of the performance standard for channel catfish
     be extended five years to December 31,2002;

2.    The schedule for attainment of the performance standard for smallmouth
     buffalo be extended by ten years to December 31,2007.

     After extensive review and evaluation of Olin's recommendations, the

Review Panel concurs with Olin's conclusions and recommendations concerning

the attainment of the performance standard. The evidence in the record strongly

indicates that the decline in DDT levels will Continue and that the performance

standard will be met without the need for additional remedial action. The Review

Panel's findings and concurrence with Olin's recommendations are set forth in

Decision Document #11 (attached hereto as Attachment B)2'. Prior to signing the

Decision Document, the Review Panel issued a Proposed Plan which explained the

Review Panel's findings and the proposed schedule extension. A public meeting

was conducted on September 15,1998, and the public: comment period remained

open until October 9,1998. None of the comments received by the Review Panel

presented compelling facts or circumstances which demonstrated that the schedule

extension agreed to by Olin and the Review Panel Review is inappropriate, unfair or

unlawful. A summary of the public comments submitted to the Review Panel and
      Decision Document, requires Olin to submit to the Review Panel, for review
 and approval, proposals for a monitoring program and establishments of interim
 goals to be met during the time extension, and contingency plans in the event that
 the interim goals or performance standards are not achieved within the period of
 the extension.
                                    -4-

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the Review Panel's responses thereto are included in Decision Document #11.- The




review Panel members, including the non-voting members Olin Corporation and




the City of Triana, have signed Decision Document #11.




      Paragraph 40 of the Consent Decree provides "If Olin and the United States




agree that Olin has acted in good faith consistent with the schedules set forth in




this Consent Decree but has failed to meet the performance standards within the




time set forth herein, Olin and the United States shall agree to an extension of




time for meeting the performance standard, shall jointly petition the Court for a




modification of the schedule and Olin shall not be liable for penalties set forth in




paragraph 35 based solely on its failure to meet the performance standard within




the time required during such extended period." The Review Panel (comprised of




4 agencies of the United States) and Olin have agreed that Olin has acted in good




faith with the Consent Decree. Therefore, under paragraph 40 of the Decree, the




parties are petitioning the Court to grant an extension of time for Olin to achieve




the performance standard. .




              II. REQUEST FOR MODIFICATION OF SCHEDULE




      Based on the foregoing facts and circumstances, the United States and Olin




Corporation hereby request the Court approve a modification of the schedule in




the Consent Decree for compliance with the performance standard as follows:




      1.     The time for attainment of the performance standard for channel




            catfish shall be extended from December 31, 1997, until December 31,




            2002.




                                    -5-

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2.     The time for attainment of the perfomuince standard for smallmouth

      buffalo shall be extended from December 31,1997, until December 31,

      2007,
                            Respectfully Submitted,
                            Cheryl L. S6fout
                            Trial Attorney
                            Environment and Natural«Resources
                                  Division
                            U.S. Department of Justice
                            P.O. Box 7611
                            Washington, D.C. 20044-7611
                            202-514-5466
                              -6-

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Signature Page for Joint Petition For Modification Of Schedule To Meet Consent
Decree Performance Standards in United States v. QHn Corporation CV80-PT-5300-
NE (N.DJMa.)
                                ON BEHALF OF OLIN CORPORATION
                                  -7-

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MflY-10-1999  09:54
USDC HUNTSUILLE
                     UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                     NORTHERN DISTRICT OP ALABAMA
                         NORTHEASTERN DIVISION
   JAMES CLOUD,  ET AL. ,
                                                    205 551 074i  P.082/003
                                    FILED
                                 99RPR23 P« 1*32
                                 U.S. OiSVRiCT COURT
                                  H.O. OF AlABAH*
        PLAINTIFFS,
   vs.
   OI.IN CORPORATION,  ET AL.,

        DEFENDANTS,
                     CV79-S-
                     CV79-S-
                     CV80-S-
                     CV80-S-
                     CV80-S-
                     CVBO-S-
S128-NE
5174-NE
5057-NE
S09B-NE
5300-NE
5115-NE
                                                            ENTERE
yr\
                                                            4PR 2 3 1999
        This action is  before  the  court on the  joint  petition for

   modification  of  schedule  to  meet  consent   decree - performance

   standards filed February 26,  1999.   The court  has  reviewed the

   Consent Decree entered May 31,  19B3 (the "Decree"), the attachments

   and submittals  of the  parties,  particularly the Review Panel

   Decision  Document No.  11  dated January  5,  1999,  and  is  of the

   opinion that the petition should be granted.   Accordingly, it is

   ORDERED,  ADJUDGED, and  DECREED as  follows:    (1)  the  time for

   attainment of  the performance standard for channel catfish shall be  •

   extended  from December 31. 1997, until December 31, 2002; and (2)

   the time  for attainment of the  performance standard for smallmouth

   buffalo shall be extended from December 31,  1997,  until December

   31. 2007.

        DONE this  23 "~_ day of  April,  1999.
                                     Unitkd) States District Judge

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