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DESIGNATED   SOLE  SOURCE   AQUIFERS
   V                NATIONALLY
Fact Sheet with Designated Aquifers and Pending Petitions Listed
                                 Ol
  B
   Length of Bar Indicates number of
   Sole Source Aquifer Designations
   in each EPA Region
•Includes a Sole Source Aquifer Designation
 shared with an adjoining Region. See attached
 Lists for Details
                      Office of Water
            Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
             U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
                        July 1994
 CO
                       HEADQUARTERS LIBRARY
                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                       WASHINGTON, D.C.204CO

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              Sole Source Aquifer Designation Program   '  ,

Background

     The Sole Source Aquifer  (SSA) program allows individuals and
organizations to petition the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to designate aquifers as the "sole or .principal" source of
drinking water  for an area. The program was established under
Section 1424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water Act  (SDWA) of 1974.
The primary purpose of the designation is to provide EPA review
of Federal financially assisted projects planned for the area and
to determine  their potential for contaminating the aquifer "so as
to create a significant hazard to public health". Based on this
review, no commitment of Federal financial assistance may be made
for projects  "which the Administrator (of EPA) determines may
contaminate such (an) aquifer," although Federal funds may be
used to modify  projects to ensure that they will not contaminate
the aquifer.

     The first  aquifer to be designated was the Edwards Aquifer
in the San Antonio, Texas area in 1975. The EPA proposed specific
regulations for this first designated aquifer.

     In 1977, EPA issued proposed regulations to implement this
program. The  proposed regulations contained detailed definitions,
sole source aquifer designation procedures and project review
criteria. Although these guidelines were not finalized, an
additional twenty (20) aquifers were designated from this time
until the SDWA  Amendments were enacted on June 19, 1986.

     The SSA  program is not intended to be used to inhibit or
stop development of landfills, publicly-owned treatment works
(POTWs) or public facilities financed by non-Federal funds.
Furthermore,  the SSA program is not linked to other Federal
environmental regulatory or remedial programs, except where
Federal financial assistance is committed in a designated sole
source aquifer  area.

Current Program

     In 1987, EPA delegated .Authority to approve SSA petitions to
Regional Administrators.  EPA ilso published the Sole Source
Aquifer Designation Petitioner Guidance to assist SSA petitioners
in preparing  and submitting petitions to EPA Regional Offices.

  .The guidance document pro-/ides the petitioner with an
outline-of methods for deter-ining the sole or principal source
of drinking water and the aquifer boundaries and describes other
hydrogeological and water supply data,  necessary for EPA Regional
Offices to make a finding ot  ..-.ole source or principal source
status.

     The Safe Drinking Water Amendments of 1986 added a new
Section 1427,  "to establish procedures for development,

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                              - 2 -

implementation and assessment of demonstration programs designed
to protect critical aquifer areas located within areas designated
as sole or principal source aquifers under section 1424(e) of
this Act." This section allows areas with either an SSA
designation by June 19, 1988, or designation by June 19,  1986 and
an approved Clean Water Act Section 208 plan to apply for
demonstration program funds to plan, implement and evaluate
innovative management approaches to protecting ground-water
quality. EPA established criteria to identify critical aquifer
protection areas. (See 40 CFR 149, Federal Register. February 14,
1989, pages 6836 to 6843.) No funding has been appropriated for
the demonstration program for FY 87 - 94 and, as a result, no
grant guidance or application forms have been developed by EPA.

Current Sole Source Aquifer Designation Status

     As of July, 1994, thirty seven sole source aquifer
designations have been made using the 1987 petitioner guidance.
In total, EPA has approved 64 SSA designations nation-wide. Also,
9 petitions are currently being evaluated for possible
designation. In the past, 13 petitions have not been approved
because of insufficient information or loss of petitioner
interest in following up to provide needed data. A list and a
general location map of the 64 designated Sole Source Aquifers is
attached. A list of the ^ Sole Source Aquifer petitions
undergoing designation review in the Regions is also provided.

Post-Designation Review

     After designation, no commitment of Federal financial
assistance may be made to a project that is found through EPA
review to have the potential to contaminate the aquifer so as to
create a hazard to public health. The EPA has established and
continues to set up arrangements with other Federal agencies to
expedite this project review where sole source aquifers have been
designated. In some cases, hydrogeological data for federally
assisted projects is supplied under requirements of the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)  which may be adequate for a
determination regarding the potential for aquifer contamination.
The Regional Offices of EPA ~ake the determinations regarding the
potential for SSA contamination of the designated aquifers in
their regions. For additional details regarding the reporting of .
post SSA designation reviews see, Sole Source Aquifer-Post
Designation Project Review Tracking Summary for Fiscal Year 1990
and Fiscal Year 1991. These reports and additional 1992 and 1993
Fiscal Year Post Designation Summaries are available upon request
to the Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water,  Ground
Water Protection Division, Washington, DC 20460.

DATE: July, 1994

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