cvEPA
           United Stales
           Environmental Protection
           Agency
            Office Of Water
            (WHSSOG)
EPAB13-R-92-OQ1
January 1992
Development And Use Of
Enhanced Geographic
Information Systems (GIS)
Technology In
Wellhead Protection For
Carroll County, Maryland
                                      Printed on Recycled Pap&

-------

-------
•V;
    - 00 (0
       y
      Development of a Map and Image Processing System as a
          Decision Support Tool to Local Wellhead Protection
                         Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
                                                Tom Devilbiss, Project Manager

          Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center, Salisbury State University
                                       Dr. K.-Peter Lade, Principle Investigator
                                          Mr. James Hosinski, Project Manager
     This report was prepared under a cooperative agreement CX-816772-01-0 with the Office of
     Ground-Water Protection, United States Environmental Protection Agency.

     The Bureau of Water Resource Management, Carroll County, Maryland, and the Image
     Processing and Remote Sensing Center, Salisbury State University, Salisbury, Maryland
     gratefully acknowledge funding support from the USEPA without whose assistance this pilot
     study would not have been possible.
     January, 1992
                                    Hc4nQUARTERS LIBRARY
                                    ENV!!<0^::S'»L PRDIECTION AGENCY
                                    WASHINGTON, D.C.2U460

-------

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                                ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

       This project was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Ground-Water Protection under contract No. CX-816772-01-0.  Carroll County would like
to extend its appreciation to Ms. Robin Heisler from the Office of Ground-Water Protection for
her assistance in funding and project development.  In  addition,  Mr. Stuart Kerzner and Ms.
Virginia Thompson, from  EPA's Region III, were  instrumental in initiating the project and
provided guidance throughout.
       Special appreciation goes to all those  Carroll County personnel who participated in the
project.  Teamwork provided the foundation  which allowed the project to be completed within
the proposed workplan.  Members of the initial workteam which  deserve overwhelming credit
for laying the foundation for this project include:  Paula Thomas, former Chief, Bureau of Water
Resource Management; Mike  Evans, Director,  Department of  General  Services; and Bait
Mathews, Supervisor,  Development Systems.  A special thanks is extended to Dawn Wilson,
GIS Technician, for her hard  work and  dedication; Catherine Rappe,  Bureau Chief of Water
Resource Management, for her administrative assistance; Carolyn Myers and Barbara Dull,
Secretaries, for their persistence while organizing and completing this manuscript.
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University't Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
L'SEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                               EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

       This report documents the development and use of enhanced Geographic Information
System(GIS) technology to assemble a wide range of data for a specific purpose: protecting
municipal public supply wellheads in Carroll County, Maryland.  The impetus for this project
was the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act which established a new Wellhead
Protection Program within the Office of Ground-Water Protection of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The EPA selected Carroll County to demonstrate how GIS technology could
be used at a local level as an effective and powerful decision support tool for managing and
protecting groundwater.
       Over the last decade,  Carroll County has developed a comprehensive, multicomponent
Water Resource Program for the protection, preservation, and enhancement of both ground and
surface water.   Database  development and maintenance was  designated as one of the key
components of the Water Resource Program. The participation in EPA's pilot project to develop
and  test a  computerized  information  system for Wellhead  Protection complemented the
program's database development goal.
       The  project's  primary objective was to define,  identify, and compile data which  is
essential to protecting wellhead areas and then provide an example of how a local government
can utilize GIS  technology.  In addition, to effectively demonstrate the use of the GIS as a
decision-support tool, the methods and products generated from this project must be transferrable
to other local jurisdictions.
       The  initial phase of the project,  data collection and evaluation, requires significant
planning and organization.  A preliminary data needs assessment was developed which included
maps, photography, plans,  and tabular text Mies. In addition, a method was created to track the
data from initial request to final product. Data was requested and received from various County,
State, and Federal agencies.   The data obtained from the various agencies arrived  in a wide
range of formats -- from simple paper files to magnetic computer tape. Numerous computerized
databases were  created specifically for this project.   This phase  provided a' list of helpful
"lessons learned" which will benefit future projects. These lessons follow:

             prepare a tentative, specific listing of data needs

             develop a method to track data acquisition and updating

             request data in a useable format

             request specific geographic coordinates with data (e.g. State Plane)

             be specific on  data requests

             be persistent with data requests
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Procetsiag A Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
              allow time to verify data sets

              allow for a lengthy data acquisition and entry period

              create new databases to accommodate your needs if necessary

              know the limitations of the data

       Following initial data collection, evaluation, and entry, the project entered the database
development phase.  The primary software used for this project was MIPS (Map and  Image
Processing  System).   This   microcomputer-based  system  has  the  ability  to manipulate
raster(images), vector(lines), nodes(points) and textual data.  Data manipulation included, but
was not limited to, such items as:

              format changes,

              enhancement,

              line/node designs,

              pattern fills,

              relational vector overlaying,  and

              calibration.

Two exciting, additional functions within MIPS are Hyperindexing and the query capabilities.
Hyperindex permits dynamic  linking of spatially  related  raster/vector/textual data sets and
recovery through "point-and-click" actions  by the user.   The query capabilities allows data to
be accessed, displayed, and output based on user-specified parameters.  For instance, using a
supply well database, only those wells having casing greater then SO feet, and yields exceeding
SO gallons per minute would be displayed.
       The software capabilities of MIPS, like many GISs include the ability to generate various
spatially related products  which can then be output to various printing devices.  The advanced
imaging capabilities of the PC-based MIPS allows for enhanced on-screen graphics at a low cost.
       The last phase of the project was designed to create an in-depth series of spatially limited
datasets for two municipalities within Carroll County.  The City of Westminster and the Town
of Hampstead were selected based on:

              dependence on groundwater,

              amount and type of commercial/industrial acreage, and
Final Report:      USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Slate University't Image Proceaing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
              prior well loss due to contamination.

       Each municipality had a Master Dataset which linked, via Hyperindex, the various land
use information, geologic/hydrogeologic data, contaminant sources, and base images (i.e. aerial
photography) for hat specific area.  The ability to spatially relate the various data items on the
display screen  provides the water purveyor with a  wide range of management applications.
Several applications which can be performed quickly and relatively easy are:

              potential contamination source inventories,

              hazardous area(s) identification,

              future water supply area(s) assessment, and

              vulnerability  assessments.

       The use of the  system for resource protection education to the public and local officials
will provide an important additional benefit to Wellhead Protection Programs.
       This pilot project has given a local government the opportunity to investigate its ability
to develop a computerized  information system for wellhead protection.  The applicability or
transferability of this  project to  other jurisdictions is based on the level of commitment and
general acceptance of the CIS technology.   Issues to be decided upon prior  to undertaking
development of a similar system  should be:

              the amount of time, personnel, and money committed to  project initiation and
              post-project maintenance of the database,

              is the political support present to warrant  utilizing the technology?

The computerized system which was developed for this project should be seen as a tool.  This
tool can greatly add to the safety, reliability and continued use of a public water supply well,
but only when combined with the experienced water manager.
Final Rtpon:      VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Ptlat Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Voter Kesouree Management
               Salisbury Stale University'i Image Processing at Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                           TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS  	  i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  	 ii

LIST OF FIGURES	vii

INTRODUCTION	 1

BACKGROUND  	 4

PROJECT OBJECTIVES  	 9

DATA COLLECTION AND EVALUATION	11
      DATA SOURCES AND FORMATS	11
            Stormwater Management Facility Database	13
            Business Source Database 	15
      DATA ACQUISITION  	15
            Soil Map Conversions  	18
      SUMMARY	19

DATABASE DEVELOPMENT  	21
      DATABASE DESIGN	21
      THE MIPS SYSTEM  	25
            Data Input	26
            Data Manipulation Procedures  	28
            Data Export Procedures  	31
            Data Storage	32
            Analysis Procedures	".	32
            Output Capabilities 	34
            Compatibility with Other GIS and Graphics Database Structures	35
      CONVERSION OF DATA TO COMPUTERIZED FORM 	35
      MANIPULATION AND ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL DATA TYPES	37
            Rasters	37
            Vectors  	37
            Tabular Data	38
            Text  	38
      MANIPULATION AND ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE DATA TYPES ...	39
            Comparison of Multiple Rasters  	39
            Overlaying of Rasters	39
            Overlaying of Rasters and Vectors	40
Final Report:     USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
            Carroll Camay Bureau of Water Kesouree Management
            Salisbury Slate Univtrtity't Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
L'Sf PA Wellhead Pilot Project
                     TABLE OF CONTENTS  (CONTINUED)

            Overlaying of Multiple Vectors	40
            Extraction of Text Data from Multiple Quads	41
            Linkage of Graphic Representations to Tabular Data	41
      SYSTEM COMPONENTS - HARDWARE	42
            Overall Concept and System Design	42
            Computing Platform	42
            Graphics Platform	43
            Data Storage and Transfer Devices	44
            Primary Data Input Devices	44
            Output Devices	.44

MIPS--"A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL"	46
      PILOT AREAS	46
      DATABASE DESIGN	48
      DATASET APPLICATION   . . .	48

TRANSFERABILITY  	56

PROJECT LOGISTICS	57
      WORKPLAN	57
      PROJECT STAFFING   	58
      TRAINING  	58
      PROJECT COSTS	59

PROJECT SUMMARY   	60

APPENDICES	62
ratal Report:      USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
             Carroll County Bureau of Water Kaource Management
             Salisbury State University* Image Protesting A Remote Seating Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                                   LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1.     Carroll County, MD Location Map  	3

Figure 2.     Draft Carroll County Water Resource Management Map  	7

Figure 3.     EPA/GIS Pilot Organizational Chart	12

Figure 4.     EPA Wellhead Pilot Project Condensed Master Data List	14

Figure 5.     File Structure for Carroll County Storm water Management Database  ....  16

Figure 6.     File Structure for Carroll County Small/Light Business
              Source Database	17

Figure 7.     Land Use and Water Supply Statistics for Westminster
              and Hampstead	47

Figure 8.     The Master Dataset File Structure for Westminster	49

Figure 9.     The Master Database File Structure for Hampstead	50

Figure 10.    Raster/Vector Map for a Portion of Westminster's
              Western  Wellfield	51

Figure 11.    Raster/Vector Map of Hampstead Area	52
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University'* Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
 INTRODUCTION

       The 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act established a new Wellhead
 Protection Program.  This Program was to be implemented by individual States and Territories
 with guidance and assistance provided by the Office of Ground-Water Protection  (OGWP) and
 its regional offices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The  program was
 developed  to  protect  public  drinking  water  systems  supplied  by groundwater.    Each
 State/Territory program must be comprised of at least six basic components:

       o   designate the roles/duties of State and local agencies,

       o   delineate wellhead protection areas,

       o   identify contaminant sources,

       o   develop wellhead  management plans,

       o   prepare contingency plans for each public supply well, and

       o   plan and site new wells,

 and should include some mechanism for public education and outreach. In order to develop and
 implement an effective Wellhead Protection Program, participation at all levels of government
 is required.  The role of the Federal government is to review and approve development  of
 State/Territory programs and to provide technical support. This technical support can be in the
 form of guidance documents, many of which are already available, and/or project funding and
 assistance.  State and  local governments  are responsible for developing and  implementing
 Wellhead Protection Programs.
       An innovative technique supported by the USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection was
 the development of three pilot projects to  explore the applications of geographic information
 systems (GIS) for Wellhead Protection. The pilot projects were designed to use national funding
 for local  initiatives  which  would  have broad-based transferability to other  state and local
jurisdictions. The EPA selected Carroll County to demonstrate how GIS technology can be used
 at a local level as an  effective and powerful decision support tool for managing and protecting
 groundwater.
       The following report describes the development process  for  the Carroll County,
 Maryland, Pilot Project.  Carroll  County was selected because of the unique program being
 developed within the County, which will utilize water resource management standards to protect
 areas around present and future  drinking water wellheads from land uses associated with
 groundwater contamination.
       Carroll County,  Maryland,  is comprised of 456 square miles and lies entirely within the
 Piedmont region of Central Maryland. The County is located 31 miles northwest of Baltimore
ratal Report:      USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               SaHtbury State University'i Image Processing A Remote Sensing Cotter

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
City and 65 miles northeast of Washington, D.C.  (Figure 1).  Close proximity to Baltimore and
Washington has accelerated growth and development in the County. The County's Master Plan
provides a guide for managing this growth and development.  One dominant theme of the Plan
is  the  preservation of  the County's  agricultural  heritage  while  encouraging  economic
development around the incorporated municipalities.
       Carroll County is comprised of eight independent,  incorporated municipalities in which
59%  of the County's 127,000 population resides.  Approximately 65% of the total population
relies on groundwater for their drinking water supply.  The municipalities are served with public
utilities (water and sewer) which are owned, operated, and managed by each town. The County,
in cooperation with the towns, has accelerated planning processes and implementation strategies
in all areas to meet the demand on utilities brought on by rapid population growth.  One major
challenge in this atmosphere of growth is the issue of an adequate and safe water supply.  The
water resource  program  is the keystone to a comprehensive County-wide approach to water
resource management.
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
f 'SETA Wellhead Pilot Project
       r
    Figure  1.  Carroll  County,  Maryland  Location Map
Final Kepon:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
                Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
                Salishury Stale University 'i Image Protesting A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 L'SEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
BACKGROUND

       Carroll County has been aggressively pursuing an understanding and development of
water resources for well over a decade.  In the late 1970s, the Board of Commissioners made
a commitment to evaluate the County's groundwater resources.  This initial commitment lead
to the development of a comprehensive County-wide water resources program.  This program
is housed  in the  Bureau  of Water  Resource Management, within the County's Office of
Environmental Services. The Water Resource Management Program is currently moving from
the study phase into an action or implementation mode.  The development of a comprehensive
computer-based  information system  providing decision  support capabilities was  deemed  a
necessary requirement.  Participation in the EPA's Geographic Information System Wellhead
Pilot Project could not have come at a more opportune time  for Carroll County.
       The initial commitment by the Board of Commissioners was to undertake a preliminary
inventory of the County's groundwater resources and was performed  by a special Water
Resources  Study Committee.   This group was comprised of County agencies and other local
interest groups.    One of the recommendations  of the  group  was to conduct an in-depth
groundwater study by a professional groundwater consultant. This recommendation led to the
appointment of a second interagency Water Resource Committee by the County Commissioners
in 1980.  The Committee represented the full spectrum of agencies which where concerned with
water resources. The integration and continued involvement of the local-level agencies, which
comprised the initial committee, has resulted in a high level of awareness regarding groundwater
protection issues.
       The committee's first action was to develop a scope of work and hire a consultant to
investigate water resources in Carroll  County. Begun in 1981, this initial study investigated the
following items:  water resource development potential,  hydrogeologic framework,  aquifer
recharge,  yield potential,  analysis of community planning  areas  water supply  systems  and
recommendations specific  to water supply systems.  The Study focused on seven  of  Carroll
County's  eight  incorporated  municipalities which  depend  exclusively  or  primarily on
groundwater for their drinking water  supply.
       The initial or Phase I Study identified numerous data deficiencies for each town which
provided the impetus  for a scope of work to be completed in a Phase II study.  The Phase II
Study began in 1983 and was completed in 1988.
       The Phase H work included detailed analysis of each of the municipal supply systems.
Each system was examined for both the quantity and quality  of the drinking water it produced.
The data gathered provided much needed  information on the water quality of contributing
watersheds and delineated recharge  area boundaries for all the municipal  supply  wells.   In
addition to examining the current municipal supply  wells  future optimum well sites were
identified.   These sites were  located using photogeologic  fracture  trace analysis and  field
verification.
       The recommendations  from  the  Phase D Study provided  the foundation  for  the
development  of a fully  staffed water  resources program  for  Carroll  County.   Those
recommendations included:
Final Restart:      USEFA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
              Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
              Salisbury Stale University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
       o  maintenance and improvement of existing supplies and sources,

       o  development of new sources,

       o  protection of water quality,

       o  delineation of water resource protection areas,

       o  development and maintenance of a water resource database,

       o  promotion of public education and information programs, and

       o  evaluation of potential funding mechanisms.

       In addition to the eight years of extensive study, Carroll County also pursued enabling
legislation from the State of Maryland to allow for the development of a local Water Resource
Program. That legislation was passed in  1988 (Appendix A) and granted Carroll County the
ability to develop, administer, and enforce a program to protect ground and surface  waters
through land use controls or other ordinances.
       Shortly after the completion of the Phase n Study and passage of the enabling legislation,
the Bureau of Water Resource Management was created to develop and administer the Water
Resource Program.   One of the last official actions taken by the initial Water Resource
Committee was the development of a program goal. After much deliberation, the goal of Carroll
County's Water Resource Management Program was defined to be:

       "To  assure acceptable  quality and  quantity of  surface  and groundwater
       resources for present and future public health, safety, and welfare through  a
       policy of planned and managed water resource development  which includes
       protection, preservation, and enhancement.  Its work should be performed in
       a cooperative spirit with existing federal,  state, and local agencies."

       It is  important  to note that  the goal is a  plan for protection of the  resource and not
remediation. The use of prudent planning for resource protection far outweighs the need for
costly cleanup.  In order to achieve the above stated goal, the Water Resource Program was
developed to include the  following components:

       o  database development and maintenance,

       o  monitoring program,

       o  management standards development and enforcement,
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Saiistnuy State Vnivenity't Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Piloi Project
       o  adequate staffing,

       o  funding mechanics,

       o  public education  and community involvement,

       o  County-wide water conservation program,

       o  maintenance of town-County cooperation,

       o  maintenance and  strengthening of County-state cooperation, and

       o  establishment of a permit and inspection process for water resource management.

       The Bureau of Water Resource Management currently has an approved staff of seven to
implement the program.  This staff includes specialists in both groundwater and surface water
management.  The goal of planning, managing, and protecting Carroll County's water resource
is challenged by the pressure of rapid growth and development.
       The third component of the program, management standards development, began in 1988
with a draft set of standards  completed by December 1989. The "Water Resource Management
Standards and Criteria" was developed to allow for resource protection by evaluating land use
impacts. These standards will be implemented to ensure that growth and development will occur
in harmony with resource protection.  A list of the proposed  management standards and a brief
description can be found in  Appendix B.  A Draft Water Resource Management Map (Figure
2) which delineates County-wide protection areas  was also produced.  The four identified
protection areas are:

       o  wellhead protection areas (red),

       o  carbonate rock areas (blue),

       o  aquifer recharge areas  (yellow), and

       o  surface watershed areas (green).

       Upon implementation of the management standards, proposed land uses within these areas
will be evaluated for their impacts on the resource.  Those impacting the resource, or having
a high potential to do so, will be required to offer alternatives or mitigation measures if an
outright prohibition is not applicable.
       In order to implement and enforce a water resource protection program at the local level,
a centralized integrated database  system for managing and decision support  is needed.  The
proposed function of land use management standards to protect areas around municipally
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Suite University't Image Practising & Remote Sensing Center

-------
•IlilLrJIQ •••\i"|

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
controlled drinking water wellheads requires assembling a complex database, or integrated set
of databases that are inherently diverse.   Seeing the need  for  computerizing this procedure,
Carroll County moved ahead in 1989 with the purchase of a  Map and Image Processing System
(MIPS).  MIPS would be capable of tightly integrating and co-registering  both raster (image)
and vector  (line) data while maintaining a shared attribute database.   The addition of this
powerful tool enabled Carroll County to enter into the Wellhead Protection Project with the EPA
in 1989.
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
                Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
                Salisbury State University't Image Processing 4 Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
PROJECT OBJECTIVES

       The broadening of the Water  Resource Management Program to encompass not only
research and data collection, but also action and implementation, required additional personnel
and an information support system.  Participation in the EPA's Pilot Project enabled Carroll
County to accelerate the development of the MIPS information support system for local water
resource management.  Specific goals and objectives which Carroll County identified for the
project were:

       o  define and identify all  available  data  critical to implementing an efficient Water
          Resource  Management  Program;  most  importantly  that  information  should
          successfully complement the wellhead protection management standards,

       o  establish database sets (Hyperbases) to create and maintain site specific  monitoring
          for two municipal water supply systems,

       o  develop and deliver public education programs specific to wellhead protection issues,

       o  augment and coordinate with the County's planning and decision-making initiatives
          both at a comprehensive and site specific levels regarding  wellhead protection and
          water resource management,  and

       o  create a solid  foundation project  from which future cooperative efforts between
          Carroll County agencies, municipalities, State and Federal agencies, can be based.
       Carroll County's goals and objectives complemented those specified by the EPA which
were:
       o  use CIS technology to assist with wellhead protection and groundwater management,

       o  provide an example of how local governments can use CIS as an effective decision-
          making tool, and

       o  demonstrate the development of a database through cooperation between Federal,
          State, and Local agencies.

       Prior to project initiation, both sets of goals and objectives were discussed between all
parties involved (Carroll County, EPA, and the consultant-Salisbury State University) and were
determined to be achievable. The EPA  would provide financial assistance as well as technical
assistance for the project.  Grant money  would be used for contractor  assistance for the project.
Dr. K.-Peter Lade and the Imaging Processing & Remote Sensing Laboratory at Salisbury State
University would assist the County in data entry, manipulation, and final products.
Fmal Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bttrtau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University'* Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------

VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Projeci	10


       During initial project and proposal development, the Bureau of Water Resource Manage-
ment developed a set of criteria by which to measure the success of the CIS Wellhead Protection
Pilot Project.  That list of criteria follows:

       o   successfully complete the project within the proposed time period and meet all of the
           stated objectives,

       o   demonstrate the  cooperative  working relationship with  the federal,  state,  and
           municipal levels of government through exchange of data needed to develop the MIPS
           system  and product generation useful to all,

       o   obtain local funds to conduct a workshop/seminar, with the EPA's assistance, which
           would cater specifically to Carroll County's municipal staff involved in water
           resources management and operations. This workshop should also include federal and
           state agencies and demonstrate the capabilities of CIS technology in wellhead pro-
           tection  programs,

       o   complete the project in anticipation of participating in a U.S. Geological Survey,
           Maryland Geological Survey, and Maryland Department of Environment Study to ex-
           amine methods  to delineate wellhead protection areas in fractured rock terrain,

       o   develop the GIS/MIPS  sufficiently to  provide the basis for pursuing projects  for
           identifying  and  mitigating potential wellhead contamination sources.

       The history and development of the Carroll County Water Resource Program is rich with
critical information applicable to other local governments interested in water resource protection
and  management.  It  is hoped  that by undertaking this project the level of knowledge and
technology regarding water resource protection is  not only increased but also creates a broader
avenue on which to share the technology.
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Ketource Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Processing & Remote Seating Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Projea
11
DATA COLLECTION AND EVALUATION

       As with any project, after reasonable goals have been established, a clear identification
of data needs can be developed.  After numerous preliminary meetings between County per-
sonnel as well as  State and Federal agencies, it became apparent that the computer database
would be constructed largely from existing data.  This was due to the fact that MIPS has the
capability to import data  in  various formats and is designed to store, process, retrieve and
display spatially related data.  MIPS also has the capability to visually relate and physically com-
bine data of differing types and scales.  A more detailed discussion of the specific data import
capabilities and manipulation functions of MIPS can be found in a later section of this report (see
Database Development). It was clear that there were limitations on data formats for utilization
in MIPS, inherent in any  CIS system, but through  various conversion methods  most of these
limitations could be overcome.
       Land  use  regulations play a major role in  Carroll County's  ability to  protect water
resources.   Most groundwater contamination  can  be directly attributed to the type and/or
intensity  of current or previous land use.  During initial project discussions, it became evident
that not only  should water related data be identified,  but also land use and planning information.
A diagram of the preliminary data needs  for one of the seven municipalities can be found in
Figure 3. This data list would then act as a model for each of the other municipalities. The
Hampstead and Westminster regions were identified as prototype areas.  The combination of a
water  resource protection database and  land  use  information  was designed  to become  an
integrated decision support tool for each region.
       Specific data,  which was compiled for each  of the two prototype  regions, included but
was not limited to:

       o  comprehensively planned land use information,

       o  property boundaries,

       o  potential contamination sources,

       o  geologic/hydrogeologic conditions, and

       o  water resource  related text information

       After  the preliminary data needs were determined, the task of identifying and contacting
the appropriate owners of the information was initiated.

                          DATA SOURCES AND FORMATS

       The sources of the data used for this project varied, and thus so did the formats.
Information sources were  from local, state and federal levels of government with most having
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               SaKtbttry Slate University'* Image Processing A Remote Seating Center

-------
o
LLI
-»
o
oc
0_
0_


W


CD


<

0_

HI
             2
            IS«
             . *•* *


             i*«
              U 4C|

              lil
                          !  1
                            .£
                          MM
>.   ZogoS

&t  z*So*
z3  2 *35o
utuoyfiDU'c
r-^xras'B
Si--c3
-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
13
their own  unique methods of data format and storage.  With so many sources of data, the
question of data accuracy was a high priority. An important limiting factor to remember is that
the accuracy of any final product generated by a GIS is only as  good as the accuracy of the
original data entered.
       A determination was  made early on in the data collection phase for completeness and
accuracy.  The ability to use MIPS to  superimpose the data onto a geographically calibrated
airphoto and/or road map helped with  this process.   The more important element in Carroll
County's quest for accurate data was the local knowledge of the County. There is no substitute
for being extremely familiar with local land use.  When it arrived, all the data was checked for
completeness and applicability. It was checked again after it was entered into the computer sys-
tem for the correctness of the geographic location. Most of the data was checked and verified
by  County personnel.  It is quite likely  that some  incorrect or inaccurate information will
periodically be found. The key to this problem is having a system operator who is familiar with
the data and region so proper adjustments to the information will occur as they are found.
       After the data needs evaluation, it became apparent that a method  for tracking the
sources,  acquisition and conversion of the large volume of information proposed for the project
was required.  An inventory was developed to track all the logistics of handling the project data.
What started out as a simple project data needs file grew into an extensive master data project
listing.  A condensed version of the master data list can be found in Figure 4. This list includes
such items as data type, format, scale, as well as  the source,  any  conversion  which was
necessary,  and the final product date.  The list was updated as items were  received and
processed by both the County and/or Salisbury State.   The list indicates that the sources of data
came from all levels of government  from local municipalities to  the State  of Maryland
(Department of Environment) and Federal Agencies (EPA,  USDA, etc.).
        The data formats ranged  from simple paper files to computer  hard copy print-outs to
magnetic tapes.  Computer   files  existed   in a  wide  range  of  software-generated  formats.
Acquiring  data in MlPS-ready format  was in many cases not possible, therefore computer
printouts had to be re-entered by County personnel into dBase IV or converted to ASCII format.
Several database  files identified for the project had never been compiled and were developed
specifically for this project.   The following are two examples of databases which were created
specifically for this project.

Stormwater Management Facility Database

       Generally, stormwater management facilities, specifically infiltration structures, are
considered potential groundwater contamination sources. This potential is strictly a function of
the land  use occurring in the contributing drainage area.  Stormwater management review and
enforcement is a delegated  local function  in Maryland which  fell under the  Carroll County
Department of Public Works.  The record keeping for this program  consisted of hand-typed
paper records.  Xs on a road map were used to mark geographic locations. To be of any value
to the project, computerization of the records and a more accurate geographic positioning of the
structures were necessary.
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State Univertity's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
i
i



                                         jmijmmmsm
                                         ££Sr  i       iifiu HI
                               «_    ff   _ * g o  O>>>>>>OOOOOO > » »


                               *"    *   Su^Q^QQOQOOOOOOOOe O O O
                               k        ••  *•  •»^»»*/»*«*«*»**»**«*«*** •«•*•*

                   333333333331:33 I   liHillHHHIIillal!!
             - - C
             ii!
                                         ^   iii  i
    - • : ] i s * • • • 1 1 §
    s5° 5sE 2SS3:::
                                                          *
                                      i  «
                                1 1 1
      Hi* iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii  IP    i  i  11  iiiii^i
      ilM IllflfffiiflUflilt  *f=    I  I  flifffsf"!

                                                              B
                                                              •H
                                                              J
                                                             *> a
                                                             O 4J
                                                             O f
                                                             -4 a
                                                             tJI
                                                             if
      ?;?? « ]lI;:~::«t«j:.,n  rill
                   •   . .          K
                 ?fifixS96§9QQOoo§§ K'
                 8«55SSSc555o555fi a. <
                 fTf7tf77??Tr?t?7r?fl
                                         :l]j|||l]]!|]J11!!: is
                                         IllillHillSlillll! g'2
                                                             a.
                                                             w o.
    i i I i i i i i 11 i I i i i 11 i i i 11H11 i f i I f i I § i i i i i U11111111111111
     I
    I z  s   s  s
    ; * a *  = I  11 •
    1SSS  C_  _£
                 r5kt.»
                fillSil
                * •! »
                «I»13>-i«

                &&?aZ^& S & ••*?'£ 1
                k S k t i k S Z~~ = 5*5
                1111111III III I
~ K — s » c    «*
• 3S«i 5 S -^   3 g 2
                  3sg|ir  c £„
                  1111! I i ! | ? f 5
                s M s s s s1 it? =§ |  f
                                                       2 a
                                                       ii
       s.2s
            5 £ S- = ^S I
            ^- « ^^ w• ta *n *. o •
            | 8 = | 2, .' | j 5,S
            S -• U S 3E ^ S «l wtrt*
           (k<->b«-o*H£^j  S ^*
           uii-Mt«-ck£-^_j7  e
   ffjf2fsifji2iij!iiiij!i2jfii2iijifj!iiiiiiiiii
                                                    eooooooo
                                                    iiiiiiii

-------

-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	/£


 The Bureau of Water Resource Management acquired the services of a student intern from a
 local college to locate the facilities and determine geographic coordinates. This was done using
 property parcel maps and a geographic coordinate grid overlay.   This process was labor in-
 tensive, and for the  280 facilities, required approximately 3 months of part-time help.  Ap-
 proximately 10-15% of the facilities had to be located through field work. The geographic data
 was combined with the paper records and were manually entered into a dBase IV file.  A sample
 of the database file structure can be seen in Figure 5.  Through MIPS, accessibility of the data
 has been increased tenfold, as well as the ability to accurately display the facility locations.
       The development of this database will allow the County to assess the type and quantity
 of stormwater facilities in areas contributing to public water supply wells. Any facilities which
 have drainage areas within industrial and/or commercial zones can be inventoried. In addition,
 the improved  database will allow quicker, more complete inspections, and improve maintenance
 practices.

 Business Source Database

       Another database  that was developed strictly for this project was the business source.
 Many times groundwater contamination incidence can be attributed  to improper management
 practices by small local businesses.  The County felt a need early on in the project to identify
 these potential sources. Unfortunately, many small businesses are excluded from federal and/or
 state reporting procedures, so identifying those potential sources had to be undertaken by some
 alternative method. Surprisingly enough, the method found to be most successful was using the
 "Yellow Pages" index in the local telephone book.  A list was compiled of businesses and light
 industries which might handle or process potential contaminants.   The  list includes printing
 shops, machine shops, agricultural chemical distributors, lawn care services, and petroleum dis-
 tributors.  The drawback to using  the telephone directory as the source for the list was the lack
 of, in most cases, an accurate or precise geographic location. While street or  road addresses
 were included with the business listings, identifying them on an airphoto or tax  map was very
 difficult.  Again, local knowledge of the area and field work were  relied  upon to assure the
 accuracy of the database.  A sample of the dBase IV structure for the file can be seen  in Figure
 6.  This file  can easily be updated yearly when the new phone directory  is published.  The
 continued development of this database and the field checking of these facilities will be a direct
 result of this  pilot project.  The County hopes to use the products  from this project to inform
 and  educate those businesses within wellhead areas or near potential well  sites regarding the
 protection of  drinking water supplies.

                                 DATA ACQUISITION

       It would appear as though once data needs have been determined and the sources of the
 data identified, the actual acquisition of that data should be relatively easy. The preceding state-
 ment was found to be quite the opposite for this project. The acquisition of data developed into
an extensive exercise in cooperation and many times extreme persistence on the County's part.
Final Report.-       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University 's Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                                                                      16
                          STORMHATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES LOCATIONS
     Structure for database:
     Number of data recordsi
     Date of last updatet
                  C:\DBASE4\6WMF DAT.DBF
                  29
                  12/18/90
     FIELD
       1
       2
       3
       4
       5
       6
       7
       8
       9
      10
      11
      12
      13
      14
      15
      16
      17
      18
      19
      20
      21
FIELD NAME
SITE_NO
SITE_NAME
SITE_LOCAT
SITE_NORTH
SITE EAST
STRUC TYPE
COUNTY OWN
PRIVATE OWN
OWNER NAHE
TOWN OWNED
TOWN NAME
OTHER_OWN
OTHER NAHE
SWH APPROV
AS_lUILTS
AS BUI^APP
INSPEC_REC
INSPEC_NO
INSPEC DAT
STRUC OPER
COMMENTS
     ••Total**
TYPE      WIDTH  DESCRIPTION
Numeric      3   Site Number Assigned by Carroll Cty
Character   25   Site Name
Character   50   Site Location
Numeric      6   MO State Plane Northing
Numeric      6   MD State Plane Eaating
Character   35   Type of Structure
Logical      1   County Owned
Logical      1   Privately Owned
Character   25   Owner Name
Logical      1   Town Owned
Character   12   Town Name
Logical      1   Owned by other
Character   25   Other Name
Date         8   Date of Stormwater Management  Approval
Logical      1   AH Built
Date         8   AB Built Approval Date
Logical      1   Inspection Record* Available?
Numeric      2   Number of Inspections
Date   '      8   Date of Last  Inspection
Character    6   Structure's Operation
Memo        10   Comment*
            236
   Figure 5:  File    Structure    for   Carroll
                Management  Facility Database.
                                                County    Stormwater
Final Report:      USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
              Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
              Salisbury State University't Image Practising A Remote Sensing Center

-------
VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                                                17
          Structure  for  database:
          Number of  data records:
          Date of last update:
      SHALL BUSINESS SOURCES

    C:\DBASE4\P CONTAH.DBF
    67
    01/01/80
          FIELD   FIELD NAME   TYPE
           WIDTH   DESCRIPTION
            1     FACIL_NAME
            2     FAC_ADDRESS
            3     FACIL TYPE
            4     TIER_TNFO
            5     LOG  NORTH
            6     LOC'EAST
          **Total**
Character
Character
Character
Logical
Numeric
Numeric
35
35
 2
 1
 6
 6
86
Facility Name
Facility AddreBB
Facility Type
Tier Data Available
MD State Plane Northing
HD State Plane Easting
   Figure 6.  File structure for Carroll County Small/Light Business
                Source  Database.
Final Report;      VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
              Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
              Salisbury Slate University't Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
18
       Prior to initiation of this project,  Carroll County saw the need for an individual who
 would be dedicated to working with the two County's MIPS workstations.  Several months into
 this project a Computer Mapping Technician was hired, which greatly increased the efficiency
 and organization of data acquisition and reformatting. Without this added help the project could
 have easily been delayed several months.  A card file was established and used to check on data
 inquiries.  It was similar to a "tickler" file in that if a response for a particular request was not
 received within several weeks of the initial contact, a second, third or sometimes fourth call
 would be made. The data acquisition phase of the project required the services of one full-time
 individual.
       Generally speaking, data access from many State and Federal levels was time consuming
 and difficult at best.  The data was most  often distributed among different agencies and many
 times in different data formats.  Several of the readable computerized databases were incomplete
 and required research of paper files  to complete. Some delays in acquiring information arose
 from the large  size of many of the data sets and the lack of foresight, on the County's part, to
 select the pertinent fields for use in this project. The initial contact with people who processed
 large data sets only produced a database file structure from which the County was asked to select
 pertinent  fields.  Turn around time for delivery of the field specific data sets  can be quite
 lengthy, and in many cases incomplete or unusable.  As a result, the requesting process begins
 all over.  In order to avoid delays and confusion, a standard set of questions should  be developed
 prior to requesting data.  An example of the questionnaire drafted for this project  can be found
 in Appendix C. One of the most frustrating situations encountered was making an information
 inquiry and finding out the contact person  did not understand their data set.  This scenario often
 wasted more time, for both parties, then the  communication was  worth.  Our  own County
 government was not exempt from the pitfalls of data exchange.   Most of the County files are
 not computerized.  Databases from  County files had to be developed which had never been
 checked for accuracy and/or  completeness.  Even  the same data set  from the same County
 agency may possess extreme inconsistencies in format and  recording procedures.
       In summary, most of the database files used for the project  had to be modified or created
 in whole (Appendix D).  This process was extremely time demanding and required a consider-
 able effort to maintain quality control of the data.  All of the seemingly minor inconsistencies
 added time to data acquisition, formatting, and entry.

 Soil Map Conversions

       The largest and costliest data acquisition for  the  project was the County  soil map
 conversions. This data set is critical to any water resource  protection program as  well as other
 engineering projects.  The U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Surveys are individual County-
 wide maps of soil types and the corresponding technical data. The present Carroll County Soil
 Survey maps are at a scale of approximately  1" = 1320'.  This  odd  scale can be very cum-
 bersome to use, especially when trying to do overlay work on other maps. The computerization
 of the soil maps would eliminate the odd scale problem. The computer can adjust the map scale
 to meet the user's needs.  The County felt that not only was this  data set extremely important
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Ketource Management
               Salisbury Slate University't Image Processing &. Remote Sensing Center

-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	      19


 to the project, but also would be an excellent candidate for testing computerization.  The com-
 puterized soil maps could then be overlain on any image with ease.  The problem was the lack
 of good geographic registration of the maps.  In addition, each soil map contains thousands of
 polygons of various sizes, therefore hand digitization would be very labor intensive.
       Prior to the start-up of the project,  Carroll County personnel met with representatives
 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, State Office in Annapolis,
 Maryland.  Those initial meetings revolved around how the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and
 Carroll County could work together towards computerizing the soil maps.  When Carroll County
 received the grant for this project,  a portion  of the money was dedicated to the soil map
 conversions. Carroll County then entered into a cooperative agreement with Soil Conservation
 Service to have the soil maps redrawn using a USGS quadrangle sheet base. This would correct
 the geographic registration problem.  The entire  County was redrafted by SCS soil scientists and
 delivered slightly ahead of schedule.  The resulting work performed by SCS personnel was phe-
 nomenal in view of the short time period allowed (approximately 10 weeks).
       The next task was for Carroll County and Salisbury State to take the mylar drawings and
 convert them to computer overlays (vectors).  This process was completed through trial and er-
 ror.  The extreme complexity and  size of the computer files made their use cumbersome.  To
 ease the difficulties associated with importing the individual soil  maps, each was photographi-
 cally reduced to 1"=2000'.   The map was then input as quarter  quadrangles and converted to
 line overlays (vectors).  All of the soil polygons on the  map  had to be labeled  using the
 computer.  Some of the quarter quadrangles may have up to 1,500 polygons to label.   This
 process is extremely labor intensive, but once done; will require little or no maintenance (soil
 delineations rarely change). The time required to convert one quarter quad to a finished product
 is approximately 10-12 hours.
       The finished products will be utilized by various State, local, and private agencies.  It
 is interesting to note  that the digitization of County soil surveys is included  in  the State of
 Maryland's  long range plan.  It is  quite possible that  the prototype conversions of Carroll
 County's soil maps undertaken as part of this pilot project could have a direct influence on the
 future computerization of soil maps within the State.

                                      SUMMARY

       The data collection and evaluation phase of this project required a significant amount of
 time and organization.  This phase of the project was the most critical.  Future projects should
 allow ample  time for identifying sources and acquiring data. In addition, an intermediate step
 in database development should also be considered. The reformatting of data requires significant
 time and should be carefully  taken into account during initial project planning.  This process
 falls between obtaining the information and actually entering the  data into a GIS.  Conversion
 of data from hardcopy or various other non-MIPS formats to MIPS readable files required con-
 siderable time and organization.  It is prudent to plan on reformatting 25-50% of all database
 items received.
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Slate University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
20
       Below is a list of considerations which may be helpful to  future developers of local
CIS/Water Resource Protection programs during the initial data collection and evaluation phase:

       o  always remember that the final database is only as good as the data that is initially
          entered into the system,

       o  prepare a tentative, specific listing of data needs

       o  develop a method to track data acquisition and updating

       o  always request data in a format you can use, know your systems requirements and
          limitations for importing and  exporting data

       o  assign and/or request specific  geographic coordinate information to all database maps

       o  be prepared to request data from someone who might not be familiar with the data-
          base

       o  be specific on your data request

       o  be persistent and follow up on data requests

       o  allow project time  to verify data sets as they arrive

       o  allow for a lengthy data acquisition and entry period

       o  be prepared to create new databases to accommodate your  needs

       o  when requesting data develop a k'st of standardized questions

       These few items will not avoid all the problems and time consumed in data collection but
should help reduce the "lost time" to a minimum.
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Slate University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	££


DATABASE DEVELOPMENT

                                 DATABASE DESIGN

       Beginning in May, 1990, Salisbury State University's  Image Processing and Remote
Sensing Center and Carroll County's Bureau of Water Resource Management began developing
a computer-based data system  for use in the management of the County's  wellheads.  The
underlying impetus for the project was the detailed information on the land  use management
standards being developed by the Bureau which could be effectively computerized to enhance
the protection  of recharge areas around municipally controlled drinking water wellheads.
Successful implementation of these standards depended on computer access to a complex data-
base, or more likely a set of graphic and tabular databases that were likely to be inherently
incompatible.
       The primary software used by Carroll County  was MIPS (Map and Image Processing
System).  Supporting software includes Autodesk's AutoCad, Ashton Tate's dBase IV, Lotus'
123, and WordPerfect.  The latter two were principally record-keeping tools.- MIPS had been
chosen previously by Carroll County as the primary software to handle the Bureau's geographic
and attribute data. All software was available at both  the Westminster and Salisbury locations
prior to the start of the cooperative project.
       The Image Processing and Remote Sensing Center at Salisbury State University agreed
to provide technical support to Carroll  County's Bureau of Water Resource Management as part
of the County's USEPA  funded pilot  project described in this document.  The work reported
here was undertaken to assist the Bureau in meeting its objective to develop unique CIS tech-
nology for decision making in managing and protecting Carroll County's water resources through
wellhead protection.  The Center has been the principle contractor since 1986 to Maryland state
agencies for implementing MIPS (Map and Image Processing System) software and has assumed
a leading role in the  development and design of a third-generation CIS in the State.  Salisbury
State's cooperative effort with Carroll  County's  Bureau  of Water Resource Management
continues its commitment towards  assisting  governmental jurisdictions within Maryland in
developing CIS and recognizes that there exists considerable expertise within the Bureau in terms
of knowledge of numerous data sources.
       By drawing on a considerable  amount of existing data,  the Bureau was able to build a
series of databases that address the effects of hazardous wastes, stormwater management, waste
disposal, aquifer recharge limits, and other surface and  subsurface activities having the potential
to affect municipal wellheads.  Many of these databases have been described previously in this
report.  The potential for utilizing this carefully constructed integrated database is however yet
to be realized as the system becomes operational.
       The decision  to develop a fairly complex computerized system was based on several
considerations:  principally, the expectation that  in the next few years increasing amounts of
diverse data will need to be considered in making appropriate decisions regarding the protection
of wellheads and the realization that manual handling of large amounts of data will not be prac-
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau ofWaier Resource Management
               Salisbury Stale University 'i Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
22
tical.  Further,  ecological and legal concerns associated with water management will require
better tabular and graphic databases.
       The management system that  will  ultimately emerge with the help of computerized
capability is intended to permit the utilization of a large variety of data types, including aerial
photography, satellite imagery  (digital form), soils information,  National Wetland Inventory
(NWI) mapping data, United States Geological Survey (USGS) digital line graph data, attribute
data stored as dBase Mies, manually digitized plans, point source data, and textual matter (e.g.
regulations and  legislation).
       Ten  informal objectives were set forth at the beginning of the project between Carroll
County and Salisbury State.   They were as follows:

       1.     Demonstrate an ability to design a plan for wellhead protection and surface water
              management using CIS.

       2.     Implement a procedure for digitally encoding all major graphic data types needed
              for the pilot project - scanning, digitizing,  and handling external digital data sets
              (e.g. satellite data).

       3.     Provide a broad spatial approach that includes all eight of the incorporated munic-
              ipalities in Carroll County. For this purpose, the graphic (raster) database should
              include appropriate digital base maps at two or more scales (e.g. 1:24000 and
              1:7200); land use, water management, zoning,  hydrologic, geologic, and similar
              overlays suitable for display  and analysis.

       4.     Create an  in-depth series of spatially limited datasets for detailed analysis and
              modeling purposes.  This should include, but not be limited to: specific data on
              nitrate/nitrogen loadings, chloride measurements, specific measurements of organ-
              ic contaminants, pesticide usage, waste water management, stormwater manage-
              ment, and all types of runoff.  Additionally, water flow models, recharge rates
              for aquifers, water usage rates and geologic data from field studies may be in-
              cluded as part of the in-depth relational databases.

       5.     Assemble tabular and textual data and link it to the base map(s) and associated
              overlays by spatial reference (grid-coordinate system) and topical reference (text
              querying).  Tabular data can be attribute  data for  such  items as storage tanks,
              quarries, sinkholes, landfills, etc. Tabular data can  also include water level mea-
              surements from test wells, water quality studies, contaminant records, etc.

       6.     Import and integrate data from other agencies.  Appropriate groundwater quality
              and other data encoded by EPA, USGS and  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
              Administration (NOAA) should be prepared and formatted for use by Carroll
              County.  Computerized data sets from Department of Natural Resources (DNR),
Final Repon:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Rciource Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Practising A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	  23


              Maryland Geological Survey (MGS), and Maryland Department of Environment
              (MDE) as well as other state agencies should be included wherever possible.

       7.     Develop an ancillary database or several such databases to include data on soils,
              wetlands,  zoning,  topography,  rainfall,  planned and  proposed  development
              (residential,  commercial, industrial), open space and other programmed land use
              changes.   Textual data such as zoning permit requests, siting feasibility studies
              and public works activities (e.g.  parks and recreation) should also be included.

       8.     Spatially relate Objectives 3 thru 7 to the delineated wellhead protection areas
              within water resource management areas.  This task should provide a means by
              which existing and future wellhead locations can be monitored and the effects of
              external forces, especially land use, determined.  Aquifer recharge areas should
              be targeted for monitoring and assessment through a periodic review of the data-
              bases included in the CIS.

       9.     Propose and test models for identifying and mitigating potential contamination
              sources.   Agricultural,  Industrial/Commercial, and Residential land use pose
              different problems as contamination sources.  Housing density studies, population
              projections,  planned revisions to zoning regulations, and implementations of
              federal and state programs regulating farm lands and non-agricultural wetlands
              constitute  a  few important variables  in  building a  predictive model  for
              groundwater and wellhead protection.

       10.    Prepare a final report demonstrating the process by which a CIS and derivative
              databases  have been constructed. Propose methods for implementing the pilot
              study and determine future needs for data acquisition and management.  Assess
              the value of the GIS to Carroll County and its  use  in protecting the water
              resource management areas.

The balance of this overview addresses these ten objectives.  This report  in its self will hot meet
the final objective.  The  report should be offered along with some type  of "hands-on" session,
an example of which was demonstrated at a project workshop.
       The design of a wellhead protection and surface water management program was already
largely accomplished prior to the start of this project.  The two-phase Water Resource  study,
conducted by Carroll County made recommendations specific to the protection of community-
based municipal water systems. The County Water Resource Program  identified the need for
computerization, and the pilot project became a direct outgrowth of the program's targeted long-
range plan.
       Implementing the computerization of available data involved utilization of data compatible
with MIPS capabilities; e.g. digital satellite data (SPOT), digital vector data (NWI MOSS wet-
land files), and  dBase  files;  as well as  preparation  of  new data through  scanning  aerial
Final Report       VSEPA Office of Ground-Waler Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County- Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Slate University't Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
24
photography,  manual digitization (municipal sewer and water plans), independent creation of
dBase IV files (from paper records), and image scanning  of textual data.  The procedures
involved in incorporating these various data types will be discussed in greater detail below.
       A broad spatial approach was applied as the foundation for the integrated database.
National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) photography, satellite data and scanned quads
provide a uniform base map series that allow for the consideration of the County as an entity,
in addition to  placing the County in a broader state-wide perspective.  Many of the overlay data
sets and dBase files are state-wide and can be used without extracting portions for Carroll Coun-
ty since only those portions relevant to the geographic base will be read from the file by MIPS.
On the other hand,  comparison on a state-wide basis is possible through querying of the entire
database since the original data sets do not need to be compromised.  Querying is the process
of selecting data points based on a specified criteria.  The criteria is developed from the
information or data Melds found within the relevant databases.  Therefore large data sets which
are, for example, statewide may be used at the local level by simply creating a query which will
extract data for a specific area based on a predefined criteria.
       An in-depth series of spatially limited data sets were  created for Hampstead  and
Westminster to allow for detailed analysis.  Appendix E lists the file components for both these
municipalities. All  of the graphic, tabular (dBase), and textual data have been linked to the base
maps as well as to each other by reference to a common grid-coordinate system. This was done
through the Hyperindex function in MIPS.  This function permits dynamic linking of spatially
related raster/vector/textual data sets and on-screen recovery through  point-and-click actions by
the user.
       MIPS permits a broad range of menu-driven import procedures for both raster and vector
data.   Few of the data sets  acquired by  Carroll  County were sufficiently robust to allow
automated importing. The state supplied well data, for example, was provided on multiple reel
nine-inch tape without a codebook, requiring  separate programs  to  be written to extract
appropriate data before conversion to dBase IV format.
       The ancillary database to be developed, as described in the seventh objective above, is
being included first as textual data, scanned in binary form and  linked to the base map set by
Hyperindex.    Many  datasets  lack  a  specific  geographic reference  (e.g.  State  Plane,
Longitude/Latitude) and thus are difficult to link.  The need to include specific georeferencing,
State  Plane, has been communicated to other divisions within the County government.
       Monitoring the effects of external forces, especially land use, on existing and future
wellhead locations will be much more readily accomplished now than ever before since the
integrated MIPS database currently stores both raster and vector versions of wellheads, wellhead
protection areas, geological  substructures, and zoned water and sewer districts.  Additionally,
as one example of monitoring specific potential threats, underground storage tanks may now be
effectively monitored since both their location  and their attributes  are easily displayed  and
queried.
       In implementing the operational form of the Wellhead Protection database using MIPS,
ongoing studies of housing density, population trends, and zoning changes can be enhanced by
reference to the rich set of spatial and attribute data that has been  made part of the system.
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection PSIta Project
               Carroll County Bureau ef Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Suite University's Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	25


Likewise, these studies can, in turn, be made new data layers and linked, through Hyperindex
to the existing integrated database.
       It is clear that this project has had two very different outcomes.  The first has been the
successful inclusion of all the diverse types of data that were available before the project began
and which needed to be integrated into a single, coherent system.   The second has been the
utilization of the system to address the very issues  that lie at the heart of wellhead protection.
The project has not provided an answer to the problem of securing long-term protection of ex-
isting and future municipal wellheads.  It has pointed to the need to add to the database in order
to more carefully address the risks that may exist or manifest themselves in the future.  A prin-
ciple benefit of having completed this project is that it is now much clearer what kinds of
data are needed and in what form to begin rigorous model testing.

                                 THE MIPS SYSTEM

       The management and monitoring system for  wellhead  protection  in Carroll County
developed as part of this project derives from a commitment to manipulate maps and images.
MIPS software was used to accomplish this objective. The core system is given the acronym
MIPS for Map and Image Processing System.  The graphics support aims to present maps and
images in full color.  Thus  natural true color screen images  may be stored in those instances
where the original data was in the form of a photograph.  The preservation of subtle shades of
hundreds of colors from palettes of millions of colors is a characteristic  of high-end analog
red/green/blue display systems and an important requirement where photogrammetric considera-
tions are involved.
       Among the various features of  MIPS are an  intuitive interface made possible by the use
of large memory module C-language program modules and assembler routines which efficiently
address the appropriate microcomputer dependent  hardware.  Running on a  DOS-based PC
platform,  MIPS executable code frequently runs considerably faster than comparable  routines
in mini and mainframe  environments.  Software functions are menu-driven, but support of a
graphics pointing device (most often the mouse) permits point-and-click routines to be supported
as well.  Additionally the mouse is used for manipulating geometric shapes, via various elastic
box routines, which define active areas within the full screen.  An example would be the ability
to zoom a selected area by simply defining the area by an elastic box on the screen.  When used
in conjunction with  pop-up functions the mouse permits control of such functions as color
balancing, interactive three-dimensional modeling (wire-frame and solid renderings),  drawing
(including on-screen  digitizing), and windowing.
       First among the considerations  taken into account while implementing the computerized
monitoring and management system for Carroll County was the nature of the database that ex-
isted at the outset of the project. A commitment was made to attempt to bring into the computer
environment all data items that were essential to the Water Resource Management program and
needed to continue to be accessible by computer.   Thus, paper  maps and paper records were
among the first to be digitized and encoded.
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroli County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Slate University's Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
26
       Although maps and other records provide a valuable resource, the most important data
available for determining the need for monitoring and possible mitigation are high quality photo-
graphs.  The Bureau acquired aerial photography for Carroll County spanning a number of
years. Providing a computer equivalent for aerial photography represented a major challenge.
The ability to display nine by  nine inch photography on a computer monitor in full-color or
black-and-white and with high  fidelity is one of the features of MIPS that users of the system
depend on for base map generation.  However, storage requirements far exceeded the hard disk
capacity  on the systems at Carroll County.  During the course of the project it was decided to
implement the use of 600 megabyte erasable optical disk.  All data for the integrated database
is stored on this medium.
       A second consideration was based on the need to provide a means by which other visual
and statistical data sets could be incorporated into an overall computerized system to eventually
provide true modeling capabilities. This is achieved by utilizing the vector overlay and attribute
assignment capabilities of MIPS.  In this way the system operates as a geographic information
system (GIS) that goes beyond most current such systems in its ability to handle almost any type
of visual or tabular data.

Data Input

       Getting data into  a  computerized system is potentially among the  costliest parts of
building and maintaining a GIS. Most GIS depend on layers of digitized data, where each layer
is carefully matched to a known base, such as parcel, topographic, or road map.  Consistency
of the geographic projection,  accuracy of the digitized layers, and reliability of the attribute
listings associated with digitized layers require careful planning and data preparation. Regardless
of the sophistication of a computerized Image Processing or Geographic  Information System,
there is no substitute for careful data preparation.
       Given the fact that personnel at Carroll County collected a great deal of data, often either
at considerable cost, or under circumstances that are never likely to be replicated, the aim was
to create the most flexible procedures possible for data import and to preserve as much of the
quality of  that data  after introduction into the integrated database.   Thus the importance of
providing a means for introducing both new and historical data was recognized.  Further, it was
anticipated that data collected for other purposes might be usefully integrated into the system.
A variety of procedures were developed to exploit known data structures associated with extant
software.  For example, using  MIPS menu selection techniques, it is possible to easily import
data that were originally prepared in a variety of different formats; e.g.:

       1. SSURGO  (Soil  Conservation  Service)
       2. MOSS (U.S. Fish & Wildlife)
       3. EDIPS/TIPS (Landsat MSS & TM)
       4. DXE(Autocad)
       5. DLG (USGS)
       6. DEM (USGS)
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University'i Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	27


       7. SPOT (Spot Image)
       8. ARCINFO (ESRI coverage files)
       9. ERDAS (raster and analysis files)

 Generic import procedures to permit the use of byte, ASCII, and binary data are also included,
 as is support for some of the newer file formats, including all varieties of Tagged Image File
 Format (TIFF) and Truevision Advanced Raster Graphics Adapter (TARGA).
       The system user is insulated, for the most part, from the details of data import. The data
 import menu allows selection by name of a foreign data set. Once selected, the software opens
 an appropriate new or existing data file, skeletonizes the file if necessary, and writes the con-
 verted data to the file.  For raster data,  histograms are automatically produced the first time
 images are displayed.   For vector data, automatic fit-to-screen and coordinate orientation
 routines are accessed by the software to help the user not be distracted during data analysis.
 Furthermore,  on importation, the software requests translation with or without geographic
 coordinate projection  and allows selection of translation to one  of over twenty  standard
 projections.
       The preceding discussion and examples assume that existing data is being imported and
 that this data resides on a device supported by MIPS.  Since all common forms of media can be
 directly accessed through the software, there is considerable power  to this system.   It doesn't
 matter whether the data is on diskette, optical disk, magnetic tape or CD Rom.  If the devices
 are available as part of the microcomputer  system, they serve as an active shared resource.
 Thus both DLG and Landsat satellite data, supplied by USGS on 9 inch open reel tape, require
 no  special procedures to import, a  stumbling block for many other microcomputer based
 systems. If an open reel tape drive is not always available or convenient, the software provides
 a method for reading nine inch tapes onto optical disks and then using the optical disk as an
 alternate input medium.
       New data can be created by using either live video or a digital scanner for the creation
 of rasters.  All of the photographs and maps for this project were imported using a Howtek color
 flatbed scanner.  A digitizing table was used  for creating new vector files.  Since there is
 increasing support for the digitizing capabilities of AutoCad, MIPS currently imports and exports
 DXF files with AutoCad.  This assures compatibility not only with  DXF files in general, but
 also with COGO software that utilizes the DXF file structure. During the past year, (Computer
 Aided Design (CAD) functions  and complete digitizing tablet support, as  well as  on-screen
 digitizing, have been added to MIPS.  This provides direct support for those functions previously
 assigned to AutoCad and no longer requires  maintenance of that package if it is not desired.
       Among the most powerful of data input capabilities is the ability to  interactively scan,
 in full color and at up to 300 dpi (dots per inch) resolution, maps, photographs, transparencies,
 and virtually any reflective or transparent media.  Although current technology limits the total
 size of reflective  material to 11" x 17", and the total size of transparent material to 8.5" x 11"
 when scanned on equipment costing under $10,000, there is rapid development occurring in this
 area. The software support in MIPS of the Howtek Scanmaster demonstrates some of the best
 qualities of the software when used in a management context.  -
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Ketourct Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
28
       All functions of the scanner are clearly shown on a graphic representation, previewing
of the entire scanning surface or any subsection is possible, and a scanned image can be brought
directly to the graphics monitor and/or stored on disk for additional analysis.  If a scale is
known it may be specified at the time of scanning. Large paper maps (i.e. larger than 11 x 17
inches)  were scanned in sections and then mosaicked  together.  Overall, this procedure was
reasonably successful, although some scanning error was introduced and resulted in occasional
pixel-wide mismatches. In most cases these pixel-wide mismatches are not easily discemable
to the untrained eye, and depending on the scale often create insignificant inaccuracies in the
image.

Data Manipulation Procedures

       There are a large number of ways in which data can  be manipulated and the software
provides numerous such capabilities.  To illustrate the graphics capabilities of the system,  one
pop-up utility will be considered here: MEASURE.
       There is a frequent  need  to determine the location,  extent, size, and other physical
characteristics of areas being considered for protection or mitigation.   In a typical  case, the
investigator may need to quickly determine the proximity of a wellhead to a proposed  construc-
tion site and to respond to a permit request that might affect the status of the wellhead protection
area.  Using MIPS it is possible to either bring  to the screen a stored photographic image, map,
or other image appropriate to examining the potential impact on a given wellhead posed by a
construction permit request.  If no such photograph or map has been stored, or if a new photo-
graph or map is available a rapid scan can create  the needed screen image.
       Once on the screen, the pop-up utility MEASURE allows the analyst to quickly perform
several useful operations.  If the scale of the image is known (as in the case of satellite data),
the image may be directly calibrated.  If the scale is not known (as in the case of most photog-
raphy), on-screen measurement of known features  (e.g. distance between two road intersections)
may be used  for calibration purposes.  Calibration can be in either metric or English systems.
Linear measurements may be in one system and areal measurements can be reported in either
the same or an alternate system of measurement.
       Using the mouse, MEASURE allows on-screen manipulation of calipers, a protractor,
an elastic box, an elastic circle, and a user-definable polygon. Thus in the hypothetical example,
the calipers can be used to measure the linear  distance between the proposed construction site
and the center of the wellhead.  The protractor can be used to project an angle, where a change
in orientation of a linear feature may serve to mitigate a negative impact on the wellhead.   The
elastic box and circle may be used to define an area of known size and then to  interactively
move the box about on the screen to explore alternate  placements for a proposed construction
that has a known areal extent. The user-definable polygon can be used to measure the amount
of buffer area, if any, that could be established as a result of various mitigation  strategies.
Finally, all measurement data can be automatically read into a file either for subsequent printing
as part of a document, or for entry into a spreadsheet or database.
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Ketource Management
               Salisbury Suite University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	29


       Quick, easy, almost effortless use of powerful computer techniques can help to augment
photogrammetric and engineering skills that most managers and their staff bring to  the job of
monitoring such natural resources as wellhead protection areas.
       A second data manipulation process requires the use of database field data. For example,
much of the information relevant to wellhead protection was processed into dBase IV files by
Carroll County personnel.  Data fields included coordinate information and appropriate attributes
for each record.   These records are imported into MIPS and can then be queried with ap-
propriate selections  displayed over a desired base image.  Statistical and descriptive attributes
may be used to generate a report (beginning with version 2.70 of MIPS), while dBase IV may
be used independently to query and sort the data. For the computer-based wellhead management
system dBase IV was chosen as the appropriate relational database.  The decision to  use dBase
IV was made partly on the capabilities of the software and partly  on the basis of its wide dis-
tribution in many local, state, and federal agencies.
       Using dBase IV it is possible to maintain  a coherent  set of  records and  databases
throughout the County and in cooperation with the municipalities.   Even in cases where MIPS
may not be available, the data assembled  using dBase IV may be  exchanged with  many
constituencies.  It is further possible to link other types of data to the MIPS integrated database,
including,  for  example, permits and regulations  files, field  data from water quality testing
stations, and geological environmental measurements.  The flexibility of a relational database
is that it permits the regular addition of not only new types of data but specialized databases that
can then be linked to existing databases.
       Finally, a goal of this project was to explore the capability of the system to merge raster
and vector data in the form of overlays.  Vector overlay files  include line annotations (such as
cultural map features and place names), digital line graphs, soils outlines, wetland delineations
as observed in the field,  land use, and the wellhead protection  area polygons referenced
previously.  Base maps would consist of rasterized tax parcel maps, aerial photography and
satellite data. The overlay capability being developed differs somewhat from the current GIS
technique of overlaying multiple vector files. The simultaneous investigation of raster and vector
data by on-screen overlay and manipulation is possibly one of the most important new computer
capabilities that will substantially contribute to the effectiveness of  management and monitoring
tasks for natural resource managers, and others currently involved in GIS development.
       A complete technical discussion of the methods used  to manipulate a vector graphics
plane over a raster graphics plane would  be too tedious for this report.  Briefly, however, an
image is displayed to the  screen as a raster.  Then a vector file  is accessed and the vectors
plotted on  top  of the screen  image.  The vector data may be in the  form of point, line or
polygons.  Point vector data  may furthermore represent nodes linked to dBase IV files.  If all
data conformed rigidly to  a specified common projection, the process of at least presenting a
merge of vector and raster data would be complete.  However, the inclusion of photography,
the probability  that at least some data sets are .it different scales, different projections,  and dif-
ferent angular rotations requires that the vectors and rasters be made to "fit" each other.
       Where common coordinate information between a raster and vector is not  available,
MIPS allows floating vectors over images and then rubbersheeting the vectors to the image.
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
30
 This is done interactively with the mouse by matching identifiable points on the vector overlay
 to identical points on the raster.  The computer then uses a least-squares fit algorithm to
 recompute the vectors and replot them over the image.  The process is iterative. When a satis-
 factory fit has been achieved, the results are displayed and the calculations stored.
        Individual elements in the overlay file may then be selected for display, permitting the
 investigator, for example, to view the distribution of a single class of soil type,  geological
 stratum, or planned zoning area.  It is also possible to directly access the dBase IV information
 by pointing at vectors or vector classes on-screen.  Other databases may also be accessed.  For
 example, MIPS currently supports access to RBase, INFO and ORACLE, as well as specialized
 databases such as those provided with TIGER data.
        It is also possible to overlay multiple vector files over common raster images, thereby
 setting  up the necessary basis for a modeling system that incorporates the best of vector-based
 CIS systems  currently available with the best of raster-based systems. By providing this active
 merge  of the two  most important graphic-oriented  data types currently  in use  by planners,
 managers, and academicians, it  will become possible to more fully exploit the wealth of field
 data that has  accumulated and to suggest more productive ways in which additional data may be
 acquired to address specific management and monitoring needs.
        Finally in concluding this brief overview of data manipulation procedures, it should be
 noted that the computerized system described here overcomes many of the restrictions that are
 still  currently hampering the efforts of other systems.
        First, there is  no requirement that all data conform to one common scale and projection.
 Data may be imported in many ways and then handled interactively.  This process emulates the
 manner in which data has been traditionally handled by photogrammetrists, but replaces some
 of the tedium of either mentally adjusting for variations in scale and projection or using  me-
 chanical devices, such as the zoom transfer scope.
        Second, consistent vector overlays can be projected over user-selectable base maps and
 images. This extends to the use of  inherently distorted images, such as aerial photographs,
 giving the analyst an extremely powerful means by which he can bring highly detailed interpre-
 tive  vector-based data (e.g. DLG) information to his evaluation of imagery.
       Thirdly, multiple vector overlays and interactive attribute manipulation constitute the core
 of a new generation GIS approach.  The result is  a system  committed to intuitive data
 exploration and would suggest interactive  modeling as a system function to parallel the more
 traditional raster classification schemes used in image-only data analysis. As a caveat, it should
 be noted that such modeling endeavors will undoubtedly require hardware resources not currently
 used by MIPS.  At Salisbury and Westminster 80386 machines are being used to provide the
 fastest DOS engine commonly available.  Despite their speed, some calculations are currently
 running several hours long on 33 Mhz 80386 computers. In all likelihood, a stronger computing
 platform will be needed to maintain the ability to truly interact with the data at a modeling level.
 Currently the new  80486 machines offer considerable promise, but parallel  processors, RISK
 and  SPARC micros,  specialized hardware  (such  as  hardware  caching),  and  UNIX-based
 operating systems might ultimately prove a desirable alternative to the current PC/DOS envi-
 ronment.  To be successful,  a session should perform  calculations  rapidly enough so that the
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University 'i Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	££


analyst can constantly interact with the data rather than waiting for protracted computations to
complete. The microcomputer is a worthy alternative to the mini or mainframe system only if
it is fast and interactive.

Data Export Procedures

       The same devices and procedures used to import data may also be used to export data.
Since data export may be for the purpose of either transferring existing data to another system
or for transferring or storing manipulated data, there are two somewhat different procedures to
follow.
       Data on the system may be exported in either a generic form or in a systems-specific
form to a similar or a different image processing or GIS.  This is done by selecting appropriate
export forms from the menu and then writing the data out to disk or tape.  MIPS allows either
export of complete rasters or extraction of subrasters from within rasters if a subset of a larger
data set is desired.  The raster export structure can be in several  common formats, including
TARGA, TIFF, and sequential byte data. Display may require as little as access to a computer
with VGA display capabilities.   Vector interchange is often best done through an industry-
standard or well understood file format such as the  DXF or DLG-3 file formats.  Although it
is relatively straightforward from a software implementation point of view to transfer generic
or specific versions of byte raster data or vector coordinate data, the increasing commitment to
arc-node data with associated attribute files does pose new challenges. This task has been made
relatively easy in MIPS  by allocating  these procedures to menu-driven choices.  Display of vec-
tor  data invariably requires appropriate software, some of which are in the public domain.
       Transfer and storage of data  following manipulation may require no  more than a disk
save of a screen-image that has been  operated upon.  Although many image processing systems
allow effortless saving of screen raster images, few provide a sufficiently generic form of such
a screen save to permit display of a saved image on different hardware.  MIPS is addressing that
problem  currently by supporting, through software, screen-restoration techniques that identify
the original save format and  then convert, if necessary, the save files to allow them to be
displayed on otherwise incompatible  hardware.
       Data that might  have been altered by filtering or classification can be saved as a new
element within the original file, thereby becoming appended to the original data set. Storage is
therefore automatic. Export would be similar to import except that some consideration must be
given  to the way in which computed histograms,  color lookup  tables, and other computed
information  is passed to external systems.  Currently, data export is being tested at Salisbury
State's Image Processing and Remote Sensing Center, first for software compatibility within the
same computing platform, and second for export to other software packages running on micro,
mini or mainframe systems.
Final Repon:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
32
Data Storage

       Vector and arc-node data require relatively little storage space.  For example, an entire
quad of soils data, one of the largest vector data sets in the Wellhead Database, may take up less
than ten megabytes of space on a disk.  Many vector sets take up less than a single megabyte.
Text data also requires comparatively little space.  Large dBase IV may exceed ten or twenty
megabytes.   But typically, even fairly complex dBase Mies are under five megabytes in size.
Image data, on the other hand, particularly of high resolution, can occupy such vast amounts of
space that until recently very little serious consideration had been given to microcomputers be-
cause of their limited storage  capabilities.
       A single nine-inch color photo,  scanned at 300 dpi, for example, can occupy over 21
megabytes of data storage.   In compressed form, it  will  still  occupy  over  7 megabytes  of
storage.  Complete aerial coverage for Carroll County accounts for several hundred megabytes.
It is clear that storage capacities far exceeding those of the floppy and fixed disk are mandatory.
       The solution  has been  the optical disk.  A new technology, there are still no standards
and only recently have some manufacturers been able to make their drives and media be DOS
transparent.  Further, erasable optical disks have been  commonly available for PC systems for
less than two years.   Availability of the erasable optical disk medium (with an average of 300
x 2 megabytes capacity) means that the user notices no  difference between using an optical disk
with hundreds of megabytes of storage and  a hard disk which typical  is limited to 40 or 70
megabytes (although 300 megabyte disks are becoming more common).
       In this and other projects in which the Image Processing and Remote Sensing Center at
Salisbury State University is involved, it has been demonstrated that the optical disk cartridge
ensures that vast amounts of data can be accessible to  the microcomputer user. The wellhead
protection project benefitted from this work by being able to access very large databases directly
without the need to support either tape drives, or requiring a link with a mini based system for
data storage.

Analysis Procedures

       As indicated previously, MIPS at its core is an image  processing software package which
has been significantly enhanced to include vector and database handling capabilities. Since the
core system is devoted to image processing it is explicable that many of the analysis procedures
begin with a means of displaying an image on-screen.
       There are two basic ways of displaying an image. The first is to access the original data
and using density slicing or other algorithms, present a monochrome or color  rendition of that
data. A second way of displaying an image  is to load a previous screen save. This presumes
that once data has been translated into a screen image, the  result is then saved in compressed
form.  The advantage to working with screen saves is that they load very rapidly since no new
calculations Jjave to  be performed.  The disadvantage is that some of the information inherent
in the data isTost due to compression. A hardcopy output from a screen  save is identical to that
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Stale University's Image Processing &. Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	££


 of an original data extraction if the screen is acted upon.  However, higher resolution output can
 be achieved by using the original data rather than a screen save.
       Regardless of whether the on-screen image has been generated by reading the data or
 loading a screen save, the next  step is to perform some  investigatory or analytical task. The
 MEASURE pop-up utility has already been described and exemplifies productive interaction with
 stored data.  If color lookup tables are supported by the hardware, it is also possible to enhance
 an image so as to highlight certain natural  features.
       Vector  data may also be manipulated on-screen.  The Carroll County geological and
 wellhead protection area data sets, for example, have been produced in both paper form and
 digital form. It is clear that if the data is presented in too small a space, important details are
 lost to the observer.  Even when the scale is changed so that a one-to-one match is achieved with
 a 7.5 minute topographic quad,  state highway map, or County map, a vector plotting of waste
 disposal sites or underground storage tanks clutters, the image and challenges the user to gamer
 useful information.  The computer-drawn vector renditions, however, provide better detail by
 separating the base map layer from the interpretation layer and by allowing interactive zooming
 to focus on any detail, no matter how small.
       Combining base map and vector data together allows the interpreter to evaluate the vector
 data against various base maps, chosen to suit the particular purpose of the analysis.  The power
 of the computer is realized when base map  and vector data at different scales are combined and
 matched to a common scale, and when inherently distorted base  map data is combined with
 undistorted vector data.
       The ability to easily manipulate rasters and vectors is an important capability.   But of
 even greater importance is the ability to perform measurements on these data, to enhance them
 using CAD primitives, to generate hardcopy products, and to include tabular and field context
 sensitive data as part of a photogrammetric or engineering analysis.  Using the MIPS workstation
 at the Bureau,  this can be done  at a cost and speed that cannot be achieved  in any other way.
 Analysis goes beyond visual inspection, however, and MIPS provides more powerful tools than
 have been described thus far.  A particularly useful feature that has great future potential is the
 generation of three-dimensional  displays.  MIPS can manipulate three raster planes to provide
 the equivalent of a two-dimensional color image and a single elevation plane to fit the image data
 into  a three-dimensional matrix.  Three dimensional modeling  can take  advantage of digital
 elevation data and thermal emission data as  well as other kinds of data that would aid the analyst
 in understanding the imagery better.  Wellhead analysis might use studies of subsurface variation
 of known geological substrates measured by in field investigation or inferred from ancillary data
 sets to better understand the dynamics of an aquifer.
       Three dimensional modeling proceeds in two steps. The  first is the creation of a wire-
 frame that reacts instantly to changes introduced by the analyst.  Once again the mouse is used
 to move on-screen sliders,  eliminating the need to introduce numbers for elevation, rotation,
 scaling, and other required inputs. The numerical values  are, however, always reported on the
 menuing monitor in response to mouse movements.
       The second step is the creation of the solid model with, or without, hidden line removal.
 The data may be sampled to permit a more rapid display of the solid model. A complex, large,
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Prelection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Slate University's Image Processing A. Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
34
 three-dimensional solid may take up to fifteen minutes to draw.  Although this would seem to
 be excessively long, mini and mainframe computers require an even longer time to perform this
 task than a dedicated 80386 PC with an arithmetic coprocessor.  Since the data can always be
 sampled and the wire frame is available for rapid manipulation, the longer time required  to
 produce a finished product is still consistent with the philosophy of demanding a rapid response
 from the microcomputer.
       For individuals familiar with traditional image processing techniques, the software offers
 a suite of tools that may be used to operate on raster data. Included are the ability to compute
 the correlation between rasters, to compute a convolution on a single raster using filters, a semi-
 automated interpretation of rasters using preidentified features, and several predefined index cal-
 culators. The last of these includes the ability to calculate a normal difference vegetation index,
 a transformed vegetation index, and a leaf area index.  Arithmetic and algebraic manipulations
 can also be performed on rasters.
       Vector data can be analyzed by category where vectors are classed as they are in the case
 of the NWI  digital  data set.   Thus subsets of larger  data  sets can  be extracted and  further
 overlays made to allow determination of the value of combining several criteria in analyzing the
 relation of different attributes to each other.
       The ability to deal with multiple vector files is still  limited to sequential,  rather than
 simultaneous, analysis.  However, MIPS permits the analyst to edit these files through graphics
 techniques and  perform computations on combination vector planes.

 Output Capabilities

       Practical applications of image processing and CIS capabilities require that the results of
 an analysis can be graphically shared or included in a report.  Plotters and laser printers  have
 provided reliable and effective means by which presentation graphics can be created.  More
 complex is the process of creating high quality hardcopy  output of analog rgb screen images
 which are of photographic quality. Three processes currently are used to produce good quality
prints of analog color images: color ink jet, color thermal transfer, and color electrostatic. For
 monochrome output, the laser printer is also very satisfactory.
       Considerable effort has been expended to provide the MIPS user with the ability to pro-
duce good-quality hardcopy output.  Software control of color separation output characteristics
is  fairly sophisticated, giving the  user control  over almost all variables that would affect the
quality of the hardcopy product. Additionally, the user is given the  opportunity to accurately
 scale his hardcopy output so as to provide standard  map  product  capabilities.   Where the
 maximum size of the paper that a  hardcopy device can handle is less  than the required map or
image, the software presents a multi-page graphic on-screen.  Using techniques associated with
 page composition, the software automatically generates multiple page output which can then be
 panelled, if desired, to produce a map of appropriate size  and scale.
       More than a dozen printers are currently supported and there  is a strong interest in
 supporting new printing technology as it becomes available.
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Projeci
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Processing A. Remote Sensing Center

-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	£5


 Compatibility with Other CIS and Graphics Database Structures

       Currently, the MIPS file structure is a superset of component rasters and vectors and
 their subobjects.   Thus a single "Project" file, identified by the system as a raster/vector file
 (.rvf) may contain groupings and subgroupings of data types that are inherently different in their
 individual structures.  By maintaining a single file for both raster and vector data it is possible
 to investigate the relationship  among different data  layers more effectively with the additional
 benefit that the user is not required to maintain a list of compatible files.
       To aid the analyst in deciding on which file groupings to investigate, the system supports
 an  extended labeling feature that permits descriptive  labels to be attached to individual file
 elements as well  as the file itself.  This may also serve to identify the file element as an import
 or export data set. The software maintains  its own labels to indicate whether the file element
 is byte raster, compressed raster, binary, ASCII, vector, or arcnode.
       Import from other image processing and CIS  systems requires only knowledge of the file
 structure used by that system or the structure of the file exchange  format.  MIPS will directly
 import known structures and provides a generic import utility for previously undefined structures
 that do not  appear on the menu. Export to these external software packages is the inverse of
 import and  requires no special knowledge other than the desired export label or format.

               CONVERSION OF DATA TO COMPUTERIZED FORM

       Until recently the task  of achieving compatibility between software and  data has fallen
 to those who prepare data.  The result has sometimes been a repetitive collection of the same
 basic data.
       At the outset of this report, it was  noted that the Center's  objective was to provide
 primary technical support and  data conversion/entry rather than compile data for use in a turn-
 key system.  Two training sessions and many informal extended sessions held both at Salisbury
 and Westminster provided the basis for creating an opportunity for dialogue and technology
 transfer.  Beyond that a commitment was made to clearly establish reliable and replicable pro-
 cedures for  data conversion.
       An agreed upon standard exchange format or a suite of exchange utilities is commonly
 used  for data conversion. MIPS uses the second approach.  By converting bi-directionally to
 and from a composite file format it is possible to accommodate  the complex file structures
 associated with both vector-oriented CIS systems and the multidimensional rasters common to
 image processing.
       Another consideration in data conversion is the degree to which hardware can be expected
 to perform translation functions as opposed  to manual entry systems.  A  good case in-point is
 the conversion of raster to vector data.  Thematic maps (e.g. road map), optically merged inter-
 preted imagery (e.g. satellite data), and hand drawn  mylars (e.g. subdivision plan) are common
 forms of data of interest to resource  managers.  Raster to vector  conversion through hand
 digitization is a proven method of creating vector files and was used extensively in this project.
 However, the cost of producing these files can be quite considerable. Automated vectorization
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University't Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
36
 is particularly desirable where data of historical importance might be of value if vectorized.  For
 example, older land use/land cover maps may be valuable in providing comparative data. If they
 can be introduced in a cost-effective manner into a computerized CIS through automated data
 conversion, such maps may readily form the basis for longitudinal modeling studies.
       Complex maps containing numerous hand-drawn annotations, overlain on photography,
 such as the NWI or soils maps, may prove too difficult to vectorize by automated means. Often,
 the task  of removing extraneous annotation through vector editing and supplying information
 about vectors is as time consuming and labor intensive as redigitizing by hand.  Thus the choice
 of whether to attempt automated digitization rests  with  the individual and must be determined
 on a case-by-case basis.  Several items  which should be evaluated or considered include:

       - complexity of the map,

       - the quality of the original,

       - time constraints,

       - desired level of accuracy.

       Maps and photographs  have traditionally been the mainstay of resource managers in their
 attempt to visualize the potential impact  of both natural and cultural forces on the resources they
 are charged to monitor and manage. With the advent of scanning instruments, whether mounted
on aircraft or satellites, the traditional photo product and interpreted resource map became more
 manageable and easier to revise.
       There is little question that scanner data,  whether collected by passive sensors (e.g.
 multispectral scanners) or by  active sensors (e.g.  Sidelooking Aerial Radar), is  of enormous
value in resource monitoring.  However, there are two problems that cannot be easily overcome.
First, much of the scanner data, especially that from satellites, provides insufficient resolution
 for specific monitoring of localized resources. The scanners are especially useful in collecting
 data synoptically, but less useful in such tasks as species typing and monitoring of heterogenous
 resources.   Further,  airborne sensors  tend to  produce vast quantities of data that require
 considerable  effort to process.
       Until  recently, photographic and  map products could not be easily converted into compu-
 ter-readable  form.  Drum  scanners were both expensive and slow.  Optical  scanners lacked
 sufficient resolution to produce good results.  The emergence of new flatbed  scanners capable
 of rapidly converting photographs, transparencies, and published maps into digital form has
 raised  the interest in these  forms of data.  The major limitations are storage requirements and
 overall size restrictions for the media to be placed on the scanners.
       The continuing interest in vector-based GISs has created a new wealth of data.  The
current project illustrates EPA's commitment to demonstrate the applicability of GISs at the
local, County level. The commitment by the state of Maryland and Carroll County to participate
in the production of orthophoto quarter quads (yielding also a new digital elevation database) will
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carrol! County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University'i Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	37


 contribute substantially to the extant database of vectorized data.  It is increasingly possible to
 manipulate this data without regard to original  scale other than to recognize the inherent
 limitations of the data.  The work currently being  carried out in merging these vector data sets
 with rasters will produce powerful new tools for  both management and monitoring of a large
 variety of natural resources.
       Finally, there is the potential to include text data into an automated system.  Published
 data can, in many cases,  be directly imported as a computer-readable text file through the use
 of optical character recognition software.  The cost of performing this translation has dropped
 dramatically over the last several years and should continue to do so while the sophistication
 with which the translation is carried out will continue to increase as well.
       Ultimately, it should be possible to blend many different kinds of data into a seamless
 automated system. Querying relational databases  has already proved valuable and possible by
 virtue of this project.  Querying capabilities will increase in value as the link between microcom-
 puter and minicomputer databases is made easier.   Most promising here is the common use of
 Structured Querying Language(SQL), which will allow microcomputers to directly access main-
 frame databases without the need to translate from one structure to another.

          MANIPULATION AND ANALYSIS OF  INDIVIDUAL DATA TYPES
                               j
 Rasters

       Using  the image processing core (MIPS), the wellhead protection database system is
 capable of acting on individual rasters for the purpose of either data extraction or analysis.  The
 best example is the use of digital data, either satellite data or scanned photography.  Without the
 aid of the computer,  the analyst must depend on his  experience and  ability to interpret subtle
 spectral variations. The computer can be used to dramatically highlight those subtle differences
 and  ease the work of the analyst. In the case of the system described here, highlighting is done
 through manipulation of the color lookup tables.  The computer can also be used to quantify cell
 data. The measurement routines described earlier are a good example of an application of the
 computer's  ability to quantify raster data.
       Traditional  image processing techniques  such  as filtering,  density slicing, contrast
 stretching, and edge enhancement may also be applied to single rasters.  These techniques are
 especially useful in making determinations about land use and  land  cover in  areas where
 wellhead protection areas must be designated and monitored.

 Vectors

       One of the appeals of vector data is  that objects of any size can  be accurately represented
 at virtually any scale based on a single digitization effort. Unlike rasters, which when enlarged,
 tend to break  up into blocky representations, vectors are redrawn whenever they are moved to
 a screen or  output device.
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Slate University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
38
       The digitized geological data is much more useful, in many ways, than the original map
product. Even scanning the geological maps would not significantly enhance its value, since the
very complexity of the data make it difficult to separate out individual geological features and
categories.
       Vector  files can also  be linked to attribute files  so that each vector object, whether a
point, line, or polygon, can be linked to a large number of associated attributes. Thus, items
of information about vectors can be manipulated more easily than items of information about ras-
ter cells.

Tabular Data

       Tabular data can be manipulated independently of any other kind of data.  Relational
databases are the most popular method for manipulating tabular data.  However, it is also pos-
sible to index tabular files and then use queries to gain information contained within those files.
       Further, tabular data may also be presented in a number of ways.  Charting programs
allow an analyst to view data in a number of different ways, each possibly suggesting different
strategies in a  management context.  Increasingly, data exploration is enhanced by using the
computer to chart responses to what-if scenarios that can be set up by the appropriate software.
       In the case of wellheads and groundwater, tabular data that might be the basis for analysis
would  include  such  items  as  acreage statistics, measures of  distance and proximity between
wellheads and other known features,  and change percentages  for resource  inventories.   Rapid
manipulation of tabular data and  easy presentation  of these  data through graphing  represent
important  tools in the management  of  natural resources,  especially sensitive ones such as
wellhead recharge areas.

Text

       Text data can often be handled similarly to tabular data. However,  it is often desirable
to organize text by topic area and then provide the analyst with an opportunity to review the text
on-screen in much the same way that he might use printed documentation.
       Whereas tabular data must be readable at the element  level, text data can be treated as
an image and presented to the viewer in image form. Thus it is possible to scan text without
concern for conversion into ASCII form. The resulting image can then be treated in the same
way as a photograph or map.
       Although it might appear that it would be preferable to use  optical character  recognition
techniques  to  automatically convert  printed documents into  true text files, there are some
important considerations that would suggest the need for an alternative.  When documents have
been typeset, it is far more difficult to recognize individual characters since proportional fonts
and extensive kerning may impose fairly serious limitations on the success  with which these
documents can be scanned. In cases where text is heavily mixed with graphics, it might again
be desirable to simply store an image rather than an  ASCII document.  And in some cases, the
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Stale University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	'	39


 quality of the original may be such that other software would simply not be able to cope ade-
 quately with the document.
       How text  is  used in  a management  environment would  depend  on the  specific
 arrangements decided upon by those involved in maintaining the system.  Mention has been
 made of the possible use of legal landmark decisions, published regulations, and other documents
 that the manager might wish to consult in determining potential impacts on particular resources.
 The ability to include text files in a management and monitoring system is likely to be increas-
 ingly valuable as the size of the text database increases.

          MANIPULATION  AND ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE DATA TYPES

 Comparison of Multiple Rasters

       There are many occasions when it is desirable  to compare rasters to each other or to
 manipulate more than one raster simultaneously.  One obvious case would be the creation of a
 false  color  infrared composite from separate data channels when using scanner data.  Both
 Land sat and SPOT satellite data, for example, provide the opportunity to composite channels so
 that the result is a color image resembling, for example, an infrared photograph.
       Another case in which multiple rasters might be of interest is the  comparison of similar
 data from different seasons or years.  For example, a study of well production rates might be
 meaningful only if two or more years of data can be examined simultaneously. Likewise the
 effect  of episodic events, such as storms, can best be  understood through a before and after
 comparison involving the manipulation of multiple rasters.
       Again, wells are subject to disturbance through  a variety of activities and a multi-
 temporal comparison of different rasters may best illustrate the effect of these activities.

 Overlaying of Rasters

       Overlaying of rasters is  an extension and special case of comparing multiple rasters.  In
 this case, we assume that the overlaying is done for the purpose of resampling one or more
 rasters belonging to different data sets to a common scale.  For example, Landsat MSS and
 Landsat RBV data were  sometimes merged  to provide  the combined benefits of multispectral
 information of the MSS with the greater detail of the sharper resolution of the RBV. SPOT data
 may also be treated in similar fashion. Ten meter panchromatic data acquired at the same time
 as 20 meter multispectral data can  be combined  to achieve the joint benefits of spectral and
 spatial detail.
       Insertion of one raster into  another raster may  also be considered a variation of this
 category.  This technique may be useful in merging graphics or map data with satellite imagery
 or photography.
       Generally, raster overlaying  is accomplished in two steps.  First,  one of the two rasters
 is resampled to match the scale of the reference raster.  Secondly, a slip-slide technique is used
 to move one raster over another so that an exact fit can be achieved.
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilat Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Stale University'* Image Processing it Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
40
 Overlaying of Rasters and Vectors

       The technique of floating vectors over rasters has already been discussed.  There are
 other occasions, however, when the analyst may wish to manipulate a combined raster/vector
 image. The easiest way to accomplish this is to simply hardware zoom the combined set. The
 advantage is speed and reliability, but as the level of zoom increases, the vector lines begin to
 loose their precision and may, in fact, introduce errors into the representation of a particular fea-
 ture.
       The more desirable alternative would be to zoom the raster plane and redraw the vector
 plane simultaneously, maintaining the scale relationship. It is currently possible to either use
 an elastic box to redraw the vectors and to use either hardware zoom or resampling to zoom the
 rasters, or to allow the software to dynamically process both sets of data and  simultaneously
 resample the base raster while redrawing the overlay.  Multiple overlays are possible but only
 the last vector file to be drawn is active.

 Overlaying of Multiple Vectors

       Because of their relatively  modest space requirements, multiple vector files, or files
 containing multiple levels of data, serve as the basic data  form for most current GISs.  Superim-
 position of vectors, vector clipping, boolian operations on combined vectors, and generation of
 multiple vectors in one plane based on  criteria derived  from an examination of an associated
 database, are powerful procedures that increase the inherent value of registered vector data.
       Although polygon format data storage might appear to be the most likely  manner in
 which vector data can be handled by a computer, the arc-node format is ultimately more power-
 ful since it allows assigning exclusive boundaries to adjacent polygons and requires less effort
 to support where changes might be made to the data set on a  periodic basis.
       Further, the support of multiple  storage schemes for vector data creates the possibility
 to interface with other software packages. COGO and CAD/CAM packages are increasing in
 popularity and add-in routines to make them suitable to either mapping or specific resource man-
 agement needs will likely become more widespread in the future. The ability to handle different
 vector formats is as important as the ability to handle  different raster formats.
       Tagging objects defined as polygons is not only  possible, but the basic  technique used
 by all geographic information systems. The alternative is to define a raster cell of a known size.
 This alternative has shown to be cumbersome, often inaccurate,  and difficult  to manipulate.
 Vector tagging is done in the  form of associating attributes with vector objects.  These objects
 most commonly are polygons, although  they could also be lines or points.  Multiple attributes
 can be assigned through the use of a database.
       When  multiple vectors are  overlain their associated attributes may  also be  examined.
 Conversely, specific combinations of attributes may be extracted and their associated vector
 objects displayed.  These superimposed vector objects  may then be subjected to  set theory
 analysis in order to reduce them to common objects.
Final Report:       VSEPA Office ojGround-Water Protection Pitta Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Slate University't Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	41


       MIPS is able to link a number of different databases, beginning with dBase TV, to the
 vector planes within combined raster/vector files. Because the raster/vector file structure provi-
 des an automated link between rasters and vectors, the potential for increasing the power of this
 system beyond current GISs clearly exists.

 Extraction of Text Data from Multiple Quads

       In completing this overview of the strategy being laid out for the manipulation of multiple
 data types,  it is necessary to reconsider the place of text and tabular data. Text data can be
 supplied either in image or in character form and linked to graphically derived information
 through an external database.  A more powerful approach, Hyperindexing, allows multiple text
 files to associate with multiple vectors and quads.
       Thus, ideally, it would be possible to query a text database by example and relate the
 querying  strategy  to a graphic representation.  dBase IV is designed to permit this kind of
 querying  by example activity.  This feature was a major consideration in selecting  it as the
 principle  relational database for  use in  the Wellhead Protection  Project.   The computerized
 wellhead  protection management  system should be able to take full advantage of the enhanced
 dBase IV capabilities.

 Linkage of Graphic Representations to Tabular Data

       Tabular data usually consists of a calculated extraction from a database. Acreage reports,
 for example, are often tabulated by political jurisdiction to give some indication as to the total
 resource component being considered.
       Projections of increase or loss, threat or damage to a resource may also constitute a
 tabulation.  Such tabulations may  be derived in a number of ways, although it is anticipated that
 for the wellhead protection areas most of the tabulations will be derived from the area! computa-
 tions performed on specific geological substrates or zoned areas by individual municipalities.
       Customarily, representations of  tabular data are in the  form of  a  table or graph.
 Additionally, the tabulation may be reflected by highlighting a representative map.  This latter
 feature is  of particular interest to resource managers since it provides a quick visual confirmation
 of a geographically known phenomenon.
       MIPS contains a  fairly extensive set of routines to provide graphic output capabilities,
 including the ability to enhance, highlight, and otherwise show a particular aspect of interest on
 a map or segment thereof.  Tabular data, inasmuch as it reflects operations performed on the
 graphics planes, can be used to visually alter that graphics plane for better illustrative effect.
       A  number  of drawing functions are available, as are  lettering  and other annotation
 features.  Numerous fonts, and such drawing primitives as sized rectangles, circles, and poly-
 gons provide further flexibility in creating an attractive visual and output product that reflects
 tabular data.
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Slate University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
42
                       SYSTEM COMPONENTS - HARDWARE

       Extensive documentation concerning MIPS support for hardware is available from the
software manufacturer, Microimages. However, for the reader of this report, it might be useful
to include a brief discussion highlighting some of the major elements of the hardware required
for a fully operational system. In those cases where technical support was provided at Salisbury
State, the hardware available at Westminster was duplicated at Salisbury. Additionally, some
hardware devices not available at Westminster (e.g. the Howtek Pixelmaster and HP LaserJet)
were used at Salisbury in support of this project.

Overall Concept and System Design

       MIPS is microcomputer based, using standard off-the-shelf components. Compatibility
with the IBM-PC standard is generally assured.  The additional graphics capabilities needed to
drive a large-screen monitor act independently of the function of the microcomputer.  This
allows other activities to occur on the microcomputer, including database management, word-
processing, and page composition when the MIPS software is not running.

Computing Platform

       MIPS has been  extensively tested by the Image Processing and Remote Sensing Center
at Salisbury  State  University and been found to run successfully on many PC-compatible
microcomputers, including, but not limited to, the following:

       1. IBM PC/XT class computers

             IBM PC
             IBM PC/XT
             IBM Portable
             Leading Edge
             HP Vectra

       2. IBM AT class computers

             IBM AT
             Fivestar 286
             Standard AT
             Compaq 286
             Toshiba  3200 portable
             HP Vectra 286
             CompuAdd 286
Final Report:      USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
              Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
              Salisbury State University't Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	43


       3.  INTEL 80386 class computers

              Fivestar 386
              PC Limited 386
              HP Vectra 386
              AST 386

Based  on  the  compatibility tests completed as part of this project, it is felt that most IBM
compatible microcomputers running INTEL'S 8088, 8086, 80286, 80386, and 80486 CPUs will
adequately host the software.
       All microcomputers used in  this project require the addition or inclusion of an arithmetic
coprocessor (INTEL'S 8087, 80287, 80387); a minimum of 640 kilobytes of ram (random access
memory), console display device, one or more floppy disk drives, a mouse, and either the PC-
DOS  or MS-DOS Operating  Systems (version 2.0 or higher).  Practical considerations also
dictate the availability of one or more mass storage devices (fixed disk,  removable cartridge,
optical disk).  Because of the very heavy storage requirements for image data, large-capacity off-
line mass storage is desirable.  The system supports large-capacity hard disks (70 megabytes and
higher), nine-inch open reel tape drives, and optical disk (200 megabytes and higher).
       Although 80386 machine^ were  used in software development, and two such machines
are being used by Carroll County to run the software, it should be noted that such machines are
more susceptible to bus timing conflicts. If the bus speed exceeds 8 megahertz some hardware
may not run properly, and if the CPU speed exceeds 12 megahertz, careful attention must be
given to determining that all components, including base memory, are capable of supporting the
higher speeds.

Graphics  Platform

       Graphics functions are provided through peripheral equipment capable of producing
analog rgb output.  The following hardware combinations have been tested and found satisfac-
tory:

1. High Resolution Devices (1024 x 1024 or larger)

       Vectrix Pepe & Monitronix  monitor
       Vectrix Presto & SONY 1030 monitor
       Number Nine Pro-1280 & Sony 1030 monitor

2. Medium Resolution Devices

       Vectrix 384PC & Electrohome monitor
       AT&T Targa-16 & Electrohome monitor (or Sony Multiscan)
Final Report:      VSEPa Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
              Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
              Salisbury Suite University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
44
3. Low Resolution Devices

       Orchid Prodesigner Plus & Zenith flat tension monitor

The software does not require data to be organized to match the resolution of the display device.
The graphics displays act as "windows" on any data set, permitting the same data set to be as
easily manipulated on a medium resolution  system as on a high resolution system.

Data Storage and Transfer Devices

       Since data input is a major requirement of any computerized system,  considerable
attention will be paid to this task in the discussion of the software below. The following devices
are supported for data input:

1. Standard DOS-supported devices
       floppy disk drive
       removable cartridge optical disk drive
       cartridge tape

2. Non-standard devices
       optical disk drive (may emulate a DOS  device)
       9 inch open reel drive (1600 or 6250 bpi)
       CD ROM
       mini/mainframe communications link with file transfer
       LAN/WAN Hub with server and gateway

Primary Data Input Devices

1. Scanners
       Howtek 300 dpi color scanner  (11" x 17")
       Sharp 300 dpi color scanner (11" x  17")
       Houston Instruments SCANCAD

2. Digitizers
       GTCO tablets  (C & D sizes)

Output Devices

       Once data has been input into the system, stored, and manipulated in some fashion, there
is usually a requirement to produce some physical representation thereof.  Although one might
consider data storage to be a form of data output, we will consider only hardcopy devices here.
Float Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University't Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	                 45


       The following devices have been tested and found satisfactory for the production of
tabular and graphic output:

1. Tabular/Text Only
       all dot-matrix printers
       laser printers  (preferred)
       ink jet printers
       thermal transfer printers

2. Graphics/Text  Output
       thermal transfer (e.g. Calcomp Plot master)
       color ink jet (e.g. Tektronix 4060)
       solid color ink (e.g.  Howtek Pixelmaster)
       monochrome laser (e.g. HP LaserJet II)
       electrostatic (e.g. Versatec color 400 dpi)
       HP Multi Pen Plotter
       HI Turret  Pen Plotter

There are many  considerations regarding  the number of colors  that can be produced, the
resolution capabilities of individual printers, and the ability to emulate pen plotters, that must
be taken  into account.  As a rule of thumb,  resolution should  be at  least 200 dpi  in either
monochrome or color, color dithering must be possible to produce hundreds of colors, and
hardware limitations governing output size must be definable if a printer is to be considered
satisfactory. In all cases, special drivers were  written to extend and enhance the capabilities of
printers tested for this project.
Final Report:      V5EPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Voter Resource Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Processing it Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
46
MIPS~"A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL"

                                    PILOT AREAS

       The original proposal for this project indicated that an in-depth series of spatially limited
data sets would be created for at least two of the seven municipalities within Carroll County.
The final products have focused on two municipalities, Westminster and Hampstead; however,
many of the data sets were complied for the entire County.
       The City of Westminster is the largest municipality in Carroll and is also the County seat.
It has a varied geologic setting which includes both prolific carbonate rock and less productive
saprolite aquifers. The Town of Hampstead is fifth out of the eight municipalities in terms of
population and is totally dependent on less productive saprolite aquifer for  its water supply.
Figure 7 provides a detailed look at land use and water supply requirements for each of these
municipalities.
       Hampstead has less than a quarter of the population of Westminster and derives all of its
public water supply from groundwater. The Town of Hampstead has been extremely progressive
in water supply development and thus has  amassed quite an  impressive  database on their
production wells.  Ordinances require land developers to supply water to the Town which will
equal or exceed the demand created by their development. In addition, detailed hydrogeologic
and pump testing information must be supplied before any new well is accepted by the Town.
This wealth of information and  the relatively high percentage of commercial/industrial acreage
(see Figure 7) found in Hampstead made it a prime selection as one of the target areas for this
project.
       The City of Westminster's public water supply is fairly evenly split between ground and
surface water.  Most of the groundwater wells are located in the highly productive carbonate
rock aquifer. While extremely  prolific, this aquifer is very vulnerable to contamination.  The
occurrence of  sinkholes and solutionally modified permeability increases  the risk of rapid
movement  of contaminants to and  within the subsurface.  Westminster has the greatest variety
of commercial/industrial uses in the County which range from family-run agricultural chemical
distributors to high-tech automotive parts manufacturing.  The Westminster area is considered
to be the hub for commercial and  industrial development in the  County.  The occurrence of a
highly sensitive aquifer and the wide variety of commercial and industrial uses proved to be the
right combination for Westminster to be selected as the  second pilot area.  An additional item
to be noted about the  two pilot  areas  is that both systems have  experienced  groundwater
contamination which  has  caused the loss of a municipal supply  well.   The loss of a well,
especially to small municipalities who many times operate on tight water budgets, can promote
an extreme appreciation for wellhead planning and protection.
Final Report:       USE PA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salubuiy Stale University's Image Processing A Remote Seating Center

-------
47

__ £*•
T3 cd
*s
n
(p
* g
|l
«8~
1 8
II
Commercial
(Acres/%) |
o ^-.
*j» ^e
«£
> «
1 g
LU §<
W o
Q> <
oc *—
CO "v
ft
w£
•ao g
0 %
° <
i
. c
II
*l
<

c
•£
c
•s
J
c
a.






GO
$
8"
r«._ ZZ-


§S

ss
m
11
vf


h-"

GO
V
co



3
CD
C\J
rj
»-
m



^
0)
1
1
i
CO

00
£

gs


§s

in CJ
C\J
S5
K ~-



l§
CM"

i
v



«M
m
S
c\I



•o
CD
CO
•55
a
E
§1
,
^
se and water sui
3
•D
5
K
9
.i
Mm
-





-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                                 DATABASE DESIGN

       The individual dataset designs for each of the two pilot areas were very similar.  The
database, base image, and vector items compiled for the datasets can be seen in Appendix F.
All or portions of these items were then developed into Master Datasets for each municipality.
The development of these  Master Datasets evolved from the initial concept and design (see
Figure 3). The Master Datasets for Westminster and Hampstead became computer directories,
which then had as subdirectories, text, databases (nodes), plans (vectors), and bases images.
The individual MIPS Raster/Vector files within these subdirectories contained data which was
either County-wide or municipality-specific. The final Master Dataset structures can be seen
in Figures 8 and 9.
       The need for an external data storage device  (erasable optical disk) is clearly evident
when  looking at the  size of these datasets.   The  Hampstead  Dataset is  approximately 83
megabytes, while the Westminster directory requires  120 megabytes of disk storage.  These
massive datasets can be quickly accessed within MIPS.  The Hyperindex function  in MIPS is
used  to link  the text, database,  and plans subdirectories to the base  maps. The use of the
hyperindex capabilities of MIPS allowed for a wide variety of overlay maps to be constructed.
Any one of the various base map types can be selected as  well as any combination of plans
and/or node sets.  The resulting maps are actually queries in themselves.  An example of two
such maps can be seen in Figures 10 and 11.  The first overlay  map uses the U.S. Geological
Survey, 7.5' topographic quadrangle as the base map.  The second overlay map was constructed
atop the most recent NAPP aerial photography (1988) for Carroll County.

                              DATASET APPLICATION

       The use of these datasets for water resource management and  protection extends far
beyond the initial expectations of the County. The speed and relative ease when creating multi-
ple spatially related images allows for faster and more complete management decisions.  The
new datasets  are being used to perform analysis and functioning  as decision-support on a daily
basis within the Bureau of Water Resource Management.  The following are several examples
of how the datasets will be utilized for wellhead protection.
       The Westminster and Hampstead Community Planning Areas have a variety of potential
contaminant sources located within their public supply wellhead boundaries. Using the compiled
databases from the project, the breakdown of a sample of those potential sources within wellhead
boundaries for each of the pilot areas is:

       Hampstead:

       -   CERCLA Sites - 2
       -   SARA 311 &  312 Reporters - 3
       -   Junkyards - 1
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Ketource Management
               Salisbury State University't Image Proeetting & Remote Sensing Center

-------
49














"5
5
^j
•
S"

E


CO
Ui






















r—










—













—
















•s
bdlrectoi
52.
Ul
CO
CD

Ul

•s
9
T»
•
i
TS
x
52.
CO
z
_l
0.
CO
LU
$




^^
5
o


9
UJ
CO

m
CO
u

^^
>•
o
u
9
to
2
3
52.
fc
Ul
t
CO
Ul

> > u. >
E c > Ct —
oT ^- CL E _ _ S ._ N |_' c "
* T> 3 Q • • • • • n £
1 | *i S £ S 2 S S fc(«
i n jE (fjCwOTwCOiw CO ^ '
o >• o w w
o 5- o S 2

i i ! !



u_ •'-
^ CD
? ^ ^ 1^ ** *£ ff ^ rf
C S E > E CL < 5 5
0. w > C ol%0»<
5 < £ J < -t-1-1-1
8 * e s JlHi
co co co o 2 5 > * >
Ul Ul UJ o C
S * S 0 S
; t i i i
: i ! ! l








• D


Eo>»c>->,.a™xSHcow
2 • o> « o t i o ^ >• co uj uj <
J 2- "O e (L ^ JC ^ CC ^ 2 O O OC
owwcoowwoo-oozzcc
o.1

I


CO CO CO 0> CO
§ § § 8 g §
S K J$ Q 0 E
£ co o < S uj
M i 3 fi i
P; b  U. ~
^-w«o»«of--we °
i £&&**8-&&**& Jl^iii H'
Ul U III

i i 1


or E tr E
in O u O
* H* W Ik H* OT
•• £ ^ O 3^ W Q
•t ••» Z ^F CC Z 2
> B ^M dM
KO Q Ul m M'UJ m
O) ^i ^to ^^ CM ^ ^^
uj S s'* 2 § 5 z
O ui f to •:
P 5 Z 3 |
! ! ! ! —
i t i t E
•
4
f


o

I
> > < «" i


sgs| i|3|i |
|»<8 i'ili§ 5
5 * 5
, s
! ! . *
£
2
J



-







-------
                                                              50
1

I

CO

CO
lit
09

CD
Z

Z
                •o
                                                                u.
                O

                tL
                o
                U
                   CL
          cc


          CJ
          u

          i
£ Q
        Q. CO
       :2 "J
                                      CO

                                      Ul
                           CO
             g             I


             *             \

             HI*!*!!  *
             20.0.0.0.0.0.0.
             <<<<<<<<
             zzzzzzzz
to O
CL CD
Z tu
                                             u
•s
o

1
5

K
          I

          I
to
z


0.
                o
                o
                Q.
          <


          o.
             CO

             tL
                CC
111
o
CJ
u

!'*"
JK»
cc cc cc cc cc
                                          tc
                                          UJ

                                          O
                   e    uc


                   fcgf i§
                   o2»sz
                                                            a

                                                            E
          !   i    I
0.



z
•s

o




I

co_

tu
CO
          o
          z

          z
                     Ul
       a. co co

       i
            '    5 CM


            ;'5*5»1'
             £|i5S
             O CO CO O O
                                  CO CO
                                               U
                      I1,".
                     o a z
                                                        -.
                                                           o>


                                                           5
          £

          S
          CO
       Z  co


       8  §
       CO  ri

       8  §
       ec  co
       O  H"
       ^J  ^3
       2  O
       CO  CC
                i  s  §   s  §
             O  <  ^  o   §  a:
             X  I  2  <   H  w

             8  5  I  Z   £  5

             1  i  s  i   M
             2  8  s  s   r
                CO

                §
                X
                                          CD

                                          E

                                       CC  <

                                       CO  U
                          i

-------

-------
52


-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project                                                               53
        -   "Right-to-Know" Reporters -20
        -   Underground Storage Tanks - 14
        -   NPDES Discharges (Industry) - 2
        -   Business(Light Industry) Sources
              - Dry Cleaners - 2
              - Printers - 1
              - Agricultural Chemical Storage - 1
              - Machine Shop - 2

        Westminster:

        -   SARA 311 & 312 Reporters - 14
        -   "Right-to-Know" Reporters - 68
        -   Underground Storage Tanks - 33
        •   Sludge Disposal Sites - 1
        -   Business(Light Industry) Sources
              - Dry Cleaners - 5
              - Printers - 7
              - Agricultural Chemical Storage - 4
              - Machine Shop - 2
              - Petroleum Distributors -  1
              - Lawn Care Service - 2

All of  the above potential  sources have descriptive attribute information associated with the
individual locations.  The locations of the individual sites or businesses appear as symbols on
the computer screen (see Figure 10).  Accessing the database for a particular site is as easy as
pointing to the symbol and  pressing a key. When the information appears on the text monitor
the operator can view, edit, and/or add data to the record.
        The same type of scenario using potential contaminant  sources and optimum future
wellsites can be generated.  Each of the municipalities have  had optimum potential wellsites
identified as part of the Carroll County Water  Resource Study. The ability to identify possible
contaminant sources while relating that location to the proximity to the wellsite, geology, etc.,
will assist the water purveyor whether or not to utilize the site. The simple mapping of the cur-
rent and proposed wellheads with the potential contaminant sources allows the analyst the visual
ability to develop management strategies  and techniques.  The addition of layers to the image
(soils, land use plans, geology, etc.) helps refine the ability to predict areas which may be
potentially hazardous to current or proposed wellsites.  The ability to prioritize areas based on:

       -   type of chemical,

       -   distance to  well,
Finai Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Stale University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
54
       -   location within a sensitive recharge area,

       -   production of the well (good vs. poor yield),

       -   proximity to fracture traces,

       -   sewered vs. unsewered,

as well as a host of other criteria  will make the job of wellhead protection not only more
efficient but considerably  more defensible.  It will not always be possible to manage every
potential contaminant source within a Wellhead Protection Area, but those areas which require
monitoring due to a higher potential for problems can receive the highest attention.
       Hie use of the above method to identify and prioritize contaminant sources as well as
those areas where the potential for groundwater contamination is higher will be the next step for
Carroll County.  Field investigations of all the Wellhead Protection Areas will be performed
utilizing the prioritize potential contaminant list.   The field visits will  be used to check the
handling,  storage, and  processing practices  of  businesses on  the list  as well  as other
environmental or cultural features of the site. Those facilities with questionable practices will
require either:

       1.)    immediate referral to a State or Federal Agency for corrective action

       2.)    education regarding Wellhead Protection and good waste\ management practices,
              and/or

       3.)    closer monitoring of the site.

This process can easily be undertaken  on an annual or  biannual basis.   The updating of the
computer databases and rapid output of visual potential contaminant overlays allows the resource
manager to remain well informed of his/her wellhead areas.
       In addition, an indirect benefit of this pilot project is the education of local officials and
individuals regarding wellhead protection.  The use of sharp, attractive graphics and images to
complement the Wellhead Protection education effort is a welcome bonus.   The use of the
system to increase the knowledge and awareness of wellhead  protection to the public as well as
local officials is a powerful tool. Used together with a well developed and defensible protection
strategy,  the computer system  can drive a local wellhead protection  effort.  The lack of
implementation of groundwater protection strategies at the local level is frequently due to an
inefficient or non-existent good database. The economics of MIPS gives a local governing body
the ability to compile and access information critical to water resource planning and protection.
       The development of this database allowed Carroll County's Water Resource Program to
rapidly move  forward toward its stated goal.  Database development  and maintenance was a
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University't Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	__	£5


 critical component for the program to achieve.  The success of this pilot project provides a
 strong foundation for two other components of the program.  Those two components are:

       -   management standards development and enforcement,

       -   establish a permit and inspection process for water resource management,

 The use of MIPS and the project derived datasets will provide a powerful tool for decision-
 support and resource management when the performance-based, water resource management
 standards are implemented.  The ability to spatially relate environmental concerns will allow the
 developer and regulator the opportunity to avoid potential problems in the initial planning stages
 of site development.  Local governments with the power to regulate land use must play a major
 role in Wellhead Protection.  A computerized information system like MIPS provides the local
 government the  ability to make prudent land development decisions  in order to assure the
 protection of a valuable resource.
       One application which was originally planned to be developed  for this project was a link
 to Wellhead Protection modeling.  Unfortunately, that function was not accomplished.   The
 capability  of MIPS  to  successfully  interact  and/or utilize  models, although  still  being
 investigated, is well beyond the scope of this project. The compilation of data and development
 of an interactive database turned out to be quite an ambitious undertaking. The Master Datasets
 for each of the seven municipalities are not complete and  the efforts to finish those databases
 will take priority.
final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Voter Resource Management
               Salisbury Slate University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
56
TRANSFERABEJTY

       A major determining factor in the selection of MIPS by Carroll County was the link it
would provide to other state and regional agencies. MIPS workstations are currently in use by
the following:

       -  Baltimore Region Council of Governments,

       -  Maryland Department of Natural Resources,

       -  Maryland Critical Areas Commission,

       -  Maryland Geologic Survey, and

       -  Soil Conservation Service.

Most of these agencies communicate regularly with various departments of the County.  The
ability to exchange MIPS related information with these groups should complement, and improve
the effectiveness of local  wellhead protection initiatives.  The wide variety of data export options
within MIPS allows for communication with a wide range of GISs as well as standard software
packages.
       Communications  with several state agencies including the Maryland Department of the
Environment have resulted in exchange of data. The data exchange was accomplished using a
lap top computer and a linking software package.  The data transfer was as easy as plugging in
a single cable.  Through this exchange the local transferring  of data  developed for this pilot
project has already begun.
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University't Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	57


PROJECT LOGISTICS

                                     WORKPLAN

       The proposed timeline of activities for the project was one year. The actual completion
date for the project was just under thirteen months. A graphic description of the work plan and
final completion dates for tasks can be found in Appendix G.
       There were several identifiable milestones established as part of the project plan. The
milestones were check points by which the progress of the project would be measured. The
following is a list of the identified milestones, (at roughly three month intervals), for the project:

           -   Progress Evaluation I - review of the data collection and
              evaluation phase

           -   Progress Report II - mid-project report and  meeting,
              which included an  evaluation of the database development phase

           -   Progress Evaluation HI - review of the design and testing of
              interactive databases as part of an interim final report.

           -   Conference/workshop

           -   Final report

       The above evaluations included discussions  of the  accomplished  activities,  technical
evaluation, process analysis, difficulties encountered, and tests  to be  completed.    These
evaluations where  compiled from monthly progress reports submitted to the EPA. The second
milestone, Progress Report n, included a presentation and  discussion with EPA personnel. The
interim final report was completed and distributed among  internal reviewers at Carroll County
Government as part of Progress Evaluation III.
       The final report was submitted to the EPA for review  and comments at the 12  month
mark of the project. A technology transfer conference/workshop was held one month later in
order to share project results with other  Federal, State, and local officials.  The conference's
goal was to introduce Federal, State,  and local officials to the applications of GIS technology
in local water resource  management.  The one day conference  offered approximately 150
participants the opportunity to physically interact with the  computer system.   The afternoon
session utilized five MIPS workstation for "hands-on" applications of the software. The overall
rating of the conference, as expressed by the participates,  ranged from good to excellent.
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Waur Resource Management
               Salisbury Suite University's Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
58
                                 PROJECT STAFFING

       The original project development team was composed of five County personnel (3 Water
Resource Management;  2 Permits and Regulations)  and Dr.  Lade  from Salisbury State
University.  This team along with EPA personnel from headquarters in Washington, DC and
Region HI, Philadelphia, PA  met to develop a preliminary workplan. In addition, the County
project team met with Dr. Lade to develop a work scope for items to be performed at SSU.
       When the project was  initiated, there  was one employee at the County assigned to head
the project.  Several months into the project an additional CIS technician was hired to assist full
time. The hours spent on the project by County personnel was in excess of 2000.  Work at SSU
was  performed by one full time person and several part time students. The scope of work for
SSU called for work not to exceed 1000 hours.
       In addition to the 2 principle workers at the County, there were also  various other
individuals and support staff who assisted.   This was especially true in preparing for and
presenting the project workshop.  The entire project was undertaken and completed by a limited
staff, many of whom had other specific job duties which  could not be neglected. One advantage
to a  small staff is the ease of coordination.  Daily assessment and revisions to the  work plan are
made simpler when only two  individuals are involved in the project.
       The use of a small staff while efficient in many  ways, also requires a  great deal of
commitment.  The work load can become overwhelming and burdensome at times.  Team work
and  a  clear goal are essential as well as the flexibility to alter the work plan as needed.
Teamwork for problem solving is another  critical item when creating a computerized database
system.  Therefore, when undertaking a project of similar magnitude a staff of at least two
professionals should be the minimum.  Integration of scientists and computer personnel with
those in management should provide a well balanced and successful team.

                                      TRAINING

       Throughout the course of this project, County personnel actively participated in the entry,
manipulation, and product generation of the data sets. It is critical to understand that no amount
of classroom training can substitute for actual  project work. The only way to adequately become
familiar with and proficient with a system like MIPS  is with daily interaction  through the
implementation of a well defined project with achievable goals.
          At  the onset  of the project and through the  data collection phase, several basic to
intermediate level training sessions on MIPS were completed at Salisbury State.  This allowed
all County personnel involved to have a basic understanding of the system's operation. Initially
it was  anticipated that Salisbury State would  do all the data entry and manipulation, but as the
project moved into  the database  development phase, the learning  curve for County personnel
accelerated.   It became clear that the project itself was a long training session and after its
completion, continued operation of the system would be solely up to the County.  Developing
new  methods to resolve problems became a cooperative effort between personnel from Salisbury
State, Carroll  County and Microimages.
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Burtau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	59


       In summary, training was an on-going process throughout the entire project.  In order
to fully understand and operate a GIS, the operator(s) must become extremely intimate with the
system.  It is important for future users to actively participate in the development of such a
system and not rely solely on contractor input, or classroom/textbook training.

                                   PROJECT COSTS

       The total expenses incurred to complete the project are actually three-fold.  The EPA
grant provided the  County with  $78,000 of direct funds.  This money was not to be used for
computer hardware purchases, but only for data acquisition and database design/development.
The grant funds for the project were allocated for the following work items:

           -   Contractual                             $58,000
           -   Data Acquisition                         $12,400
           -   Training                                 $ 3,000
           -   Technology Transfer Workshop           $ 1,600

       In addition,  County personnel logged in excess of 2000 hours which is approximately
$45,000 in wages.  Part of that amount, $4,106, was the County's required contribution to the
grant. As stated above,, there is no way any amount of classroom training can substitute for the
many hours of active participation County personnel undertook to design and complete this
project.
       Finally, the costs of the MIPS software and associated hardware. The County purchased
the computer equipment approximately 6 months prior to official start-up of the project.  At the
time of purchase, the workstation and associated software was the top-of-the-line that MIPS had
to offer. It was a high  resolution system that came complete with  an  optical scanner for input
and an optical disk drive for mass storage of data.  The following is a breakdown of costs
associated with the  computer hardware/software used for the project.

          -   MIPS Software                          $ 5,000
          -   Workstation(Hardware)                   $34,000
          -   Digitizing Board                         $ 3,000

The MIPS software can be operated on lower resolution systems,  thus reducing the hardware
costs.   Again, the relative affordability  along with the superior quality  image processing
capabilities  should make MIPS an attractive package for local wellhead protection programs.
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University "s Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
60
PROJECT SUMMARY

The purpose of this pilot project was to investigate the use of GIS for local Wellhead Protection.
The work described in this report represents an attempt to  use  enhanced GIS  software and
approaches to assemble a wide range of data for a specific purpose: the creation of an integrated
database that will be used to monitor and protect wellheads in Carroll County, Maryland.
       Prior to this pilot  project,  considerable work had already been performed by Carroll
County through a two phase Water Resource Study. That study along with the development of
performance-based  water  resource management standards have allowed Carroll County the
opportunity to participate in this project. The past efforts have focused on the collection of data
and identification of water resource  protection zones,  one being Wellhead Protection Areas.
This pilot study  provided the opportunity to develop and  implement a  computer-oriented
methodology for wellhead protection using sophisticated image processing and GIS software.
       The goals and objectives identified for this project have been successfully completed, with
one exception: the ability to integrate a wellhead protection model into the GIS environment was
not accomplished.  The capability of the two software types to interact is probably feasible, but
priorities  in dataset development precluded adequate time allotment to pursue the link.  The
project did create a computerized wellhead monitoring and management system dedicated to the
concept that vast amounts of data which might be of interest to the water resources manager will
be found within one or more of the specific datasets that constitute the total system.  All of the
various map products, digitized products, photography, vectorized plots, database files, and
text/tabular data have been be integrated by the system under this project.
       What is provided here is both a concept and a capability.  The concept is one of using
a computer to organize diverse data, present it in a meaningful manner, whether through text
or graphics or both, and to allow the analyst/manager to use the computer as a decision-support
tool. To this end, state-of-the-art hardware and software have been coupled in what is believed
to be a unique and exciting system that is applicable not only to wellhead management concerns
but to  a broad spectrum  of  resource management tasks.  During the course of testing the
hardware  and software, it  became clear that the system  would mature well beyond the scope of
the Wellhead Protection Project. Some of the capabilities developed as incidental to the project
have since been tested as part of other projects and are valuable in their own right.  Beyond the
capabilities and abilities demonstrated by this project, is the fundamental question of applicability
of the technology to local  governments.
       The primary objective of the project was to determine if the management and technology
criteria developed for this project are  transferable to other jurisdictions for local Wellhead
Protection.  The transferability of this project  can be undertaken if certain decisions are made
by the local jurisdiction.  Several the following decisions should be considered:

       1.)   is the commitment of time, personnel, and money available to
             initiate the GIS technology?
Final Keport:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Ketource Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Procetting A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project	  61


       2.)    after initial setup, will permanent personnel and money be committed to the
              system?

       3.)    is the political support for Wellhead Protection present to use the
              technology for planning/decision making and possible regulation?

       4.)    finally, will your system be capable of data transfer with other
              local, regional, state, and federal databases?

 Once a firm decision is made as to the level of commitment by the jurisdiction, guidelines and
 lessons provided by this project will be of great benefit.
       The computerized system(GIS)  provides, at best,  a concept for handling large amounts
 of diverse but related information and a capability to explore this data quickly and productively.
 What the system does not provide is the intelligence to interpret the information it contains.
 There is no substitute for the experience and knowledge of the human manager.  Although some
 expert-system capabilities are inherently a part of the expanded system, such  capabilities are
 limited when compared to the sophistication of the experienced water resource manager.  The
 Map and Image Processing System described here is a tool, not a solution, and to that end, it
 can be used with great success or abused  to the detriment of the resource being  managed.  This
 is not intended to be a caveat, but rather a challenge.  Tools can be sharpened and honed and
 applied to new tasks or picked up regularly to perform old familiar tasks.  The  computerized
 system  which has been developed for this project should be seen as a tool. In the future it is
 hoped that refinements, enhancements,  changes and other applications will be found to  broaden
 the effectiveness of this tool.  This project represents  a beginning methodology for monitoring
 and  managing Wellhead Protection Areas, not a definitive, final solution.
Final Repon:      VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Slate University's Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
62
                                       APPENDIX A
                     CARROLL COUNTY ENABLING LEGISLATION
final Report:      VSEFA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Waier Resource Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
                           CHAPTER 88

                        (House Bill 710}

AN ACT concerning

            Carroll County - Water Resources Program

FOR  the  purpose of authorizing the Carroll County Commissioners
     to develop, administer, and enforce  •  program  to  protect
     ground  and surface waters; authorizing the appointment of a
     Hater Resources Commission; defining the  functions  of  the
     Commission;  authorizing  penalties  for certain violations,
     and providing certain restrictions on the county's  program;
     subjecting    certain    county   ordinances,   regulations*
     resolutions, and policies  to  the  advice  and  consent  o£
     certain  State  officials;  and  generally  relating  to the
     Carroll County Water Resources Program.

BY adding to

     The Public Local Laws of Carroll County
     Section 3-78
     Article 7 - Public Local Laws of Maryland
     (1976 Edition and 1987 Supplement, as amended)


     SECTION 1.   BE  IT  ENACTED  BY  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY  Of
MARYLAND, That the Laws of Maryland read as follows:

                   Article 7 - Carroll County

3-78.

     THE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF CARROLL COUNTY MAY:

           (1)  DEVELOP,  ADMINISTER,  AND  ENFORCE  A PROGRAM TO
PROTECT GROUND AND SURFACE WATER RESOURCES THROUGH  LAND  USE  OR
OTHER  ORDINANCES, REGULATIONS, RESOLUTIONS, OR POLICIES WHICH DO
NOT DUPLICATE OR CONFLICT WITH STATUTORY PROGRAMS OCCUPIED BY THE
PROVISIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES  ARTICLES  OF
THE ANNOTATED CODE OF MARYLAND.

           (2)  'ENACT   .OR   ADOPT   ANY  ORDINANCE,  REGULATION,
RESOLUTION, OR POLICY WHICH IS NEEDED TO ADMINISTER THE  PROGRAM.
ORDINANCES,  REGULATIONS, RESOLUTIONS, OR POLICIES NOT PERTAINING
TO LAND USE SHALL BE ENACTED  OR  ADOPTED  WITH  THE  ADVICE  AND
CONSENT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND
THE SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES.

           (3)  PROVIDE  FOR  PENALTIES  FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  ANY
ORDINANCE,  REGULATION,  RESOLUTION, OR POLICY WHICH IS ENACTED OR
ADOPTED UNDER THIS SECTION.

           (4)  APPOINT  A   CARROLL   COUNTY   WATER   RESOURCES
COMMISSION  TO  ASSIST AND ADVISE THE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS IN THE
DEVELOPMENT, ADMINISTRATION, AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE PROGRAM.


     SECTION 2.  AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this  Act  shall
take effect July 1, 1988.

Approved April 12, 1988.

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                                      APPENDIX B
       CARROLL COUNTY WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STANDARDS
Final Report:      VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury State University's Image Processing &. Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
       CARROLL COUNTY WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STANDARDS

       The purpose of preparing and implementing performance based Water Resource
Standards is to assure adequate and acceptable water for present and future uses. The use of
performance standards enables resource protection while allowing for compatible growth and
development. The standards will regulate land uses whose impacts may threaten the quantity
and/or quality of the water resource.  Standards development are being undertaken to address
the following land uses:

                    on-site wastewater disposal

                    nutrient  management

                    hazardous substance storage and handling

                    chemical storage, handling, and application

                    stormwater management

                    erosion and sediment control

                    groundwater extraction

                    groundwater recharge

                    sinkhole protection

and will be applied to the following four delineated Water Resource Management Zones:

              1.)    Wellhead Protection Areas
              2.)    Aquifer Recharge Areas
              3.)    Carbonate Rock Areas
              4.)    Surface Watershed Areas

The standards have been drafted for site specific hydrogeologic conditions. They will be
designed to protect and maintain current as well as future public water supplies.  This effort
is expected to culminate in the development and adoption of a County ordinance which will
allow for the application, plan review,  construction monitoring, and reporting procedures
associated with land development in the designated management zones.
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
               Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
               Salisbury Slate University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                                          APPENDIX C
                             DATA REQUEST QUESTIONNAIRE
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Vfater Protection Pilot Project
                Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
                Salisbury Slate University'! Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
                         DATA FACT SHEET
OBJECT:
OBJECT DATE:
SOURCE:
      BRANCH:
      LOCATION:
      CONTACT:
      TITLE:
      TELEPHONE: .
FORMAT AND SCALE:
     IS FORMAT MIPS COMPATIBLE?
COST:
     MAIL OR PICKUP?
WHAT DOES DATA INCLUDE:
     DESCRIPTION/EXPLANATION OF FIELDS INCLUDED?
     CAN WE PICK CERTAIN FIELDS?
     ANY ATTRIBUTE INFORMATION?

WHEN UPDATED?
MAILING LIST (TO RECEIVE UPDATES):
DATE ORDERED:
DATE EXPECTED:
FOLLOW UP CONTACT?
DATE ACQUIRED:
COMMENTS:

-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                                          APPENDIX D
                          PROJECT DBASE IV FILE STRUCTURES
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
                Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
                Salisbury Suite University't Image Processing & Remote Sensing Center

-------
                                                                                    1
Structure for database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
FIELD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
FIELD NAME
BUS NAME
BUS STREET
BUS TOWN
LOC~NORTH
LOC EAST
BUS~TYPE
TIER INFO
UST
UST CAPAC1
PUB~SEWER
PUB~WATER
SWMF TYPE
PRIOR CONT
WHPA
WHPA NAME
SITE VISIT
COMMENTS
TYPE WIDTH
Character
Character
Character
Numeric
Numeric
Character
Logical
Logical
Numeric
Logical
Logical
Character
Logical
Logical
Character
Date
Memo
**Total«*
25
30
20
6
6
3
1
1
5
1
1
3
1
1
25
8
10
148
      AUTOMOTIVE BUSINESS SITES

  C:\DBASE4\BUS_AUTO.DBF
  137
  11/17/90
                                   DESCRIPTION
                                   Business Name
                                   Business Street Address
                                   Town
                                   MD State Plane Northing
                                   HD State Plane Easting
                                   Type of Business
                                   Tier Information Available
                                   Underground Storage Tank on Site
                                   Capacity of Underground Storage Tank(s)
                                   Public Sewer?
                                   Public Water?
                                   Stormwater Management Facility Type
                                   Prior Contamination
                                   Wellhead Protection Area?
                                   Wellhead Protection Area Name
                                   Date Site Visited
Structure for database:
Number of records:
Date of last update:
POTENTIAL OPTIMUM MUNICIPAL WELL SITES

  C:\DBASE4\WEL-SIT.DBF
  94
  10/16/90
FIELD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
**Tota
FIELD NAME
CPA
WELL NO
TYPE
GEOL UNIT
FIELD CHK
PROP OWNER
TAX MAP NO
BLOCK
PARCEL
LOC NORTH
LOC EAST
AERIAL IND
LANDMARK
DISTANCE
BEARING
LAND USE
1**
TYPE
Character
Character
Character
Character
Date
Character
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Character
Character
Numeric
Character
Character

WIDTH
12
3
9
4
8
15
2
2
3
6
6
3
25
3
4
15
121
                                       DESCRIPTIONS
                                       Community Planning Area
                                       Well Number
                                       Type of Well  (Primary/Secondary)
                                       Geologic Unit Code
                                       Date of Last Field Check
                                       Property Owner
                                       Tax Map No
                                       Tax Block No
                                       Tax Parcel No
                                       MD State Plane Northing
                                       MD State Plane Easting
                                       NAPP Aerial Photo
                                       Closest Landmark
                                       Distance to Landmark
                                       Bearing to Landmark
                                       Existing Landuse

-------
                  MUNICIPAL PRODUCTION/OBSERVATION WELL & SPRING DATA
Structure for database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
C:\DBASE4\WELLDATA.DBF
64
09/01/90
FIELD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
**Total**
FIELD NAME
AQ REC AR
PERMIT~NO
WELL NO
REFER NO
WELLFIELD
PROD WELL
OBSER WELL
SPRING
IN USE
LOC NORTH
LOC'EAST
SUR'ELEV
CAS STICK
TOT DEPTH
CAS DEPTH
WELL DIA
GEOL REPOR
GEOL-UNIT
WELL LOG
SOIL SAPRO
SAPRO BEDR
H2O ZONES
PUMP TEST
BLOW YIELD
SHORT YIELD
SAFE YIELD
WQ DATA
COMMENTS

TYPE
Character
character
Character
Character
Character
Logical
Logical
Logical
Logical
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Logical
Character
Logical
Numeric
Numeric
Character
Logical
Character
Character
Character
Logical
Memo

WIDTH
12
10
5
5
16
1
1
1
1
6
6
5
3
3
3
4
1
4
1
5
5
35
1
7
7
7
1
10
167
                                                  DESCRIPTION
                                              Aquifer Recharge Area
                                              Hell Permit Number
                                              Well Number
                                              Reference Number
                                              Wellfield Name
                                              Production Well?
                                              Observation Well?
                                              Spring?
                                              In Use?
                                              MD State Plane Northing
                                              HD State Plane Easting
                                              Surface Elevation
                                              Casing Stick-Up
                                              Total Depth.of Well
                                              Casing Depth
                                              Well Bore Diameter
                                              Geological Report Available?
                                              Geologic Unit
                                              Well Log Available?
                                              Depth to Soil/Saprolite
                                              Depth to Saprolite/Bedrock
                                              Depth to Water Bearing Zone(a)
                                              Pump Test Data?
                                              Well Blown Yield
                                              Well Short Yield
                                              Well Safe Yield
                                              Water Quality Data Available?
                                              Comments

-------
                            CONTAMINANT SOURCES LOCATION
Structure for database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
C:\DBASE4\CONTSRCE.DBF
30
05/06/90
FIELD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1-7
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
FIELD NAME
RECORD
INCIDENT
INCODE
CORCODE
HATNAME
QUANT IT*
SOURCECODE
DIDIT
WATERWAY
COCODE
INDICATE
INCTIME
REPDATE
REPTIKE
LOCATION
IDNAME
INCTYPE
COMPLAINT
RESPONDER1
RESPONDER2
RESPONDER3
RESPNAME
RESPADD1
RE SP ADD 2
RESPPHNO
TYPE WIDTH
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Character
Character
Numeric
Logical
Character
Character
Date
Numeric
Date
Numeric
Character
Character
Character
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Character
Character
Character
Numeric
**Total**
4
7
2
2
17
8
2
1
17
2
8
4
8
4
27
20
2
2
2
2
2
25
28
15
10
222
                                      DESCRIPTION
                                      Record No from HDE
                                      Incident No from KDE
                                      Incident Code
                                      Corridor Code
                                      Released Material Name
                                      Quantity Released
                                      Source Code
                                      Did it enter Waterway?
                                      Name of Waterway
                                      County Code
                                      Incident Date
                                      Incident Time
                                      Date Reported
                                      Time Reported
                                      Location of Release
                                      Incident Name
                                      Incident Type Code
                                      Complaintant Code
                                      Reeponder Code
                                      Responder Code
                                      Responder Code
                                      Responsible Party
                                      Responsible Party Address 2
                                      Responsible Party Address cont
                                      Responsible Party Phone No

-------
                                 JUNKYARD LOCATIONS
Structure for database:
Number of records:
Date of last update:
                 C:\DBASE4/JUNKYARD.db f
                 52
                 01/01/80
FIELD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
FIELD NAME
BUS NAME
OWNER NAME
OPER NAME
PROP~OWN
PRE T965
DATE EST
LOCATION
LOG NORTH
LOC'EAST
TAX'MAP
TAX BLOCK
TAX PARCEL
ACREAGE
BUILDING
BUILD DE
SITE PLAN
PLAN~DATE
SITE PHOTO
PHOTO DATE
VIOLATIONS
COMMENTS
TYPE
Character
Character
Character
Character
Logical
Date
Character
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Logical
Character
Logical
Date
Logical
Date
Logical
Memo
**Total*
WIDTH
35
30
20
30
1
8
35
6
6
3
2
4
4
1
35
1
8
1
8
1
10
250
                                     DESCRIPTIONS
                                     Business Name
                                     Owner Name
                                     Operator Name
                                     Property Owner Name
                                     Existing Before 1965 (Non-conforming)
                                     Date Established
                                     Location
                                     MD State Plane Northing
                                     MD State Plane Easting
                                     Tax Map Number
                                     Tax Map Block
                                     Tax Parcel Number
                                     Acreage of Site
                                     Site contains a building?
                                     Building Description
                                     Site Plan Available
                                     Date of Site Plan
                                     Site Photos Available?
                                     Date of Photos
                                     Zoning Violations
                                     Comments
Structure for database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
                 UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK LOCATIONS

                 C s\DBASE4\CCUNDER.DBF
                 419
                 01/01/80
FIELD
  1
  2
  3
  4
FIELD NAME
SITE_NO
LOC_NORTH
LOC_EAST
MAP NO
TYPE
Character
Numeric
Numeric
Character
**Total**
WIDTH
   8
   6
   6
   4
  25
DESCRIPTIONS
Site No Assigned by MDE
MD State Plane Northing
MD State Plane Easting
Map No to SHA Maps from MDE

-------
Structure for database:
Number of records:
Date of last updates
        SINKHOLE LOCATIONS

C:\DBASE4\SINK DAT.DBF
85
04/14/90
FIELD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
FIELD NAME
SINK NO
LOCAT NORT
LOCAT EAST
LOCAT~TOPO
DIAMET FT
LENGTH FT
WIDTH FT
DEPTH FT
VIS BEDROCK
VIS THROAT
THROAT DIA
OUTCROPS
LAND COVER
DATE OPEN
ID TYPE
ID DATE
REPAIRED
REPAIR TYP
SITE VISIT
DATE VISIT
OWNER NAME
COMMENTS
TYPE
Character
Numeric
Numeric
Character
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Numeric
Logical
Logical
Numeric
Logical
Character
Character
Character
Date
Logical
Character
Logical
Date
Character
Memo
**Total**
WIDTH
4
6
6
30
5
5
5
4
1
1
2
1
25
15
30
8
1
50
1
8
25
10
244
                                          DESCRIPTION
                                          Sinkhole Number
                                          KD State Plane Northing
                                          MD State Plane Easting
                                          Topography of Location
                                          Diameter in Feet
                                          Length in Feet
                                          Width in Feet
                                          Depth in Feet
                                          Visible Bedrock
                                          Visible Throat
                                          Throat Diameter in Feet
                                          Outcrops in Vicinity
                                          Land Cover
                                          Date Sinkhole Opened
                                          Type or Indentification
                                          Date Identified
                                          Repaired
                                          Type of Repair
                                          Site Visited
                                          Date Visited
                                          Property Owner Name
                                                                                   I

-------
                RCRA  (RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT) SITES
Structure for database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
                C:\DBASE4\RCRA.DBF
                2
                10/05/90
FIELD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
**Total
FIELD NAME
SITEID
STATE
COUNTY
SITENAME
LOG NORTH
LOC EAST
INDICATOR
TYPE
CODE
UIW
PERMIT
FUEL
OIL
HANDLER
CLASS
FIPS
COUNTY2
VIOLATION
OUTS T AND IN
* *
TYPE
Character
Character
Character
Character
Numeric
Numeric
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Numeric
Numeric
Character
Character
i
WIDTH
15
5
3
44
6
6
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
7
4
4
3
124
                                       DESCRIPTION
                                       KDE Site Identification Number
                                       State Location
                                       County Location
                                       Site Name
                                       HD State Plane Northing
                                       MD State Plane Easting
                                       TSD Status Facility Indicator Code
                                       Facility Type Code
                                       Activity Code Generator .Facility
                                       Activity Code Injection Well
                                       Permit Status Code
                                       Activity Code Fuel Burner
                                       Activity Code Off Spec Oil
                                       Handler
                                       class

                                       County 2
                                       Violation
                                       Outstanding
          CERCLA SITES  (COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE COMPENSATION
                                 AND LIABILITY ACT)
Structure for database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
                C:\DBASE\CERCLA.DBF
                10
                06/20/90
FIELD
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
**Total**
FIELD NAME
SITENAME
SITEADD1
SITEADD2
SITEID
LOC_NORTH
LOC_EAST
NPL
CATEGORY
RCRA
TYPE
Character
Character
Character
Character
Numeric
Numeric
Character
Character
Character

WIDTH
30
30
15
12
6
6
1
1
2
104
DESCRIPTION
Site Name
Site Address
Site Town
Site Identification No from MDE
HD State Plane Northing
MD State Plane Easting
NPL Indicator Code
Site Category Code
RCRA Facility Type Code

-------
                            SEPTAGE LAND DISPOSAL SITES
Structure lor database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
FIELD
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
FIELD MAKE
OWNER_NAME
SCAVENGER
ADDRESS
Z1P_CODE
SITE 1
TAX_MAP_1
TAX_BLK_1
TAX_PARC_1
ACRES 1
LOC_NOR 1
LOC EAS~1
SITE_2
TAX_MAP_2
TAX_BLK_2
TAX PARC_2
ACRES_2
LOC_NOR_2
LOC EAS 2
                 C:\DBASE4\SEPTAGE .DBF
                 5
                 10/03/90
**Total**
TYPE        WIDTH    DESCRIPTION
Character     20    Property Owner Name
Character     15    Septage Removal Transporter Name
Character     30    Property Owner Address
Numeric        5    Property Owner Zip Code
Logical        1    Septage Disposal Site
Numeric        2    Tax Map Number Site 1
Numeric        2    Tax Map Number Site 1
Numeric        3    Tax Parcel Number Site 1
Numeric        4    Acreage of Site
Numeric        6    MO State Plane Northing Site
Numeric        6    MD State Plane Easting Site
Logical        1    Septage Disposal Site
Numeric        2    Tax Map Number Site 2
Numeric        2    Tax Block Site 2
Numeric        3    Tax Parcel Site 2
Numeric        4    Acreage Site 2
Numeric        6    MD State Plane Northing Site 2
Numeric        6    MD State Plane Easting Site 2
             119
                      CARROLL COUNTY MRIGHT-TO-KNOW" LOCATIONS
Structure for database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
                 C:\DBASE4\CCRTK.DBF
                 264
                 01/01/80
FIELD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
FIELD NAME
COMPANY
ADDRESS
CITY
ZIP
SIC CODEl
SIC CODE2
LOC NORTH
LOC EAST
**Total** ~"
TYPE WIDTH
Character 50
Character 40
Character 20
Character 10
Numeric 4
Numeric 4
Numeric 6
Numeric 6
141
                                     DESCRIPTION
                                     Company Name
                                     Company Address
                                     Company City
                                     Company Zip
                                     Standard Industrial Code (Primary)
                                     Standard Industrial Code (Secondary)
                                     MD State Plane Northing
                                     MD State Plane Easting

-------
      MUNICIPAL HPDES (NATIONAL POLLUTION DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM) SITES
Structure for database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
C:\DBASE4\NPDES_MU. DBF
22
06/14/90
FIELD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
**Total**
FIELD NAME
PERMIT NO
NAME
ADDRESS
COMMUNITY
SIC CODE
SIC~COD TX
IND CLASS
TYPE OWNER
EXPIR DATE
ISSUE DATE
REV DATE
STATUS
NPDES NO
GROUNDWAT
SURFACEWAT
REG WATERS
LOC NORTH
LOC~EAST
ENFOR ACT
ENAC NO
ENAC NO TX
ENDT ~

                          TYPE
                        Character
                        Character
                        Character
                        Character
                        Numeric
                        Character
                        Character
                        Character
                        Date
                        Date
                        Date
                        Character
                        Character
                        Logical
                        Logical
                        Character
                        Numeric
                        Numeric
                        Logical
                        Numeric
                        character
                        Date
          WIDTH
            10
            30
            25
            12
             4
            40
             3
             3
             8
             8
             8
            15
             9
             1
             1
            30
             6
             6
             1
             2
            30
             8
           261
    DESCRIPTION
MDE Permit Number
Name
Facility Name
Community Name
Standard Industrial Code Number

Industrial Class
Owner Type
Permit Expiration Date
Permit Issue Date
Permit Revision Date
Status of Permit
Surface Hater Discharge Number
Groundwater Discharge
Surface Water Discharge
Receiving Waters
MD State Plane Northing
MD State Plan Easting
Enforcement Action?
Enforcement Action Number

Enforcement Action Date
Structure for database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
  SLUDGE STORAGE DISPOSAL SITES

C:\DBASE4\SLUDGE_P.DBF
44
03/11/90
FIELD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
FIELD NAME
PERMIT NO
LOC NORTH
LOC EAST
PERMITEE
SITE ADDRE
PER ACTIVE
EXP DATE
**Total**
TYPE WIDTH
Character 16
Numeric 6
Numeric 6
Character 30
Character 50
Logical 1
Date 8
118
                                       CHARACTER
                                       MD of the Environment Permit No.
                                       MD State Plane Northing
                                       MD State Plane Easting
                                       Name on Issued Permit
                                       Site Address for Sludge Utilization
                                       Active Permit
                                       Permit Expiration Date

-------
           INDUSTRIAL KPDES (NATIONAL POLLUTION DISCHARGE ELIMINATION
                                 SYSTEM) SITES
Structure for database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
                  C:\DBASE4\NPDES_IN.DBF
                  38
                  01/01/80
FIELD
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
**Total
 FIELD NAME
 PERMIT_NO
 NAME
 ADDRESS
 COMMUNITY
 SIC_CODE
 SIC_CODE_TX
 IND CLASS
 TYPE_OWNER
 EXPIR_DATE
 ISSUE_DATE
 REVIS DATE
 STATUS
 NPDES
 GROUNDWAT
 SURFACEWAT
 REC_WATERS
 LOC_NORTH
 LOC EAST
 ENFOR ACT
 ENAC_NO
 ENAC_NO_TX
 ENDT
**
TYPE
Character
Character
Character
Character
Numeric
Character
Character
Character
Date
Date
Date
Character
Character
Logical
Logical
Character
Numeric
Numeric
Logical
Numeric
Character
Date
WIDTH
  10
  30
  25
  12
   4
  40
   3
   3
   8
   8
   8
  15
   9
   1
   1
  30
   6
   8
   1
   2
  30
   8
 261
DESCRIPTION
MDE Permit No.
Name of Industry
Address of Industry
Community Name
Standard Industrial Code Number

Industry Class
Owner Type
Permit Expiration Date
Permit Issue Date
Permit Revision Date
Status of Permit
Surface Water Discharge Number
Groundwater Discharge?
Surfacewater Discharge?
Receiving Waters
MD State Plane Northing
MD State Plane Easting
Enforcement Action?
Enforcement Action Number

Enforcement Action Date
Structure for database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
                   WATER APPROPRIATION PERMITS

                  C:\DBA5E4\H2OPERMI.DBF
                  1272
                  12/12/90
FIELD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
**Total*»
FIELD NAME
PERMITNO
NAME
DISCRIPT
AQUIFER
EFFECTDATE
EXPIRDATE
DYAVGYEAR
DYAVGMAX
REPORTUSE
USE
LOC NORTH
LOC EAST

TYPE
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Character
Logical
Character
Numeric
Numeric

WIDTH
13
30
30
4
e
a
9
9
i
7
6
6
132
                                           DESCRIPTION
                                           Permit Number assigne by DNR
                                           Permittee Name
                                           Site Description
                                           Aquifer code
                                           Effective Date
                                           Expiration Date
                                           Average Daily Use-Yearly
                                           Average Daily Use-Maximum Month
                                           Water Use Reported?
                                           Type of Use
                                           MD State Plane Northing
                                           MD State Plane Easting

-------
       SARA(SUPERFUND AMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT) SECTIONS 311 & 312
Structure for database:
Number of data records:
Date of last update:
                  C:\DBASE4\CARR312.DBF
                  64
                  01/01/80
FIELD
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
FIELD NAME
COMPANY
ADDRESS
CITY
ZIP
SIC
ERTK
TIER_I
TIER II
LOC_NORTH
LOC_EAST
CHEM_NAM_1
CAS_NO 1
STO_STAT 1
CHEM_STAT_1
MAX_DY_1
AVC DY_1
DY ONSIT_1
Slf_PLAN_l
STOR INF 1
TYPE      WIDTH
Character  50
Character  40
Character  20
Character  10
Character   4
Character   6
Date        8
Date        8
Numeric     6
Numeric     6
Character  35
Character  11
Character   1
Character   1
Numeric     2
Numeric     2
Numeric     3
Logical     1
Memo       10
DESCRIPTION
Company Name
Company Address
Company City
Company Zip Code
Standard Industrial Code No

Date Tier I Application Received
Date Tier II Application Received
MD State Plane Northing
KD State Plane Easting
Chemical Name Number
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No.
Storage State(solid,1iquid,gas,etc}
Chemical State
Maximum Daily Amount Code
Average Daily Amount Code
Number of Days on Site
Site Plan Available
Storage Info Available

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                                        APPENDIX E
            MIPS RVF FILE LISTING FOR HAMPSTEAD & WESTMINSTER
Final Report:       USEPA Office of Ground-Water Prelection Pilot Project
                Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
                Salisbury Siau University's Image Processing &. Remote Sensing Center

-------
Hampstead RVF flies listing

 HAMP_ADC  Scans of ADC pages containing Hampstead [75 dpi] (File)
  SCREEN14  Saved screen for Map 14 (Raster)
    COLORMAP  Color maps saved with screen raster (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Control point calibration  to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS_ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  SCREEN 15  Saved screen for Map 15 (Raster)
    COLORMAP  Color maps saved with screen raster (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Control point calibration  to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS_ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  SCREEN21  Saved screen for Map 21 (Raster)
    COLORMAP  Color maps saved with screen raster (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Control point calibration  to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 HAMPSPOT  SPOT Satellite imagery for Hampstead (File)
  HAMPSTEAD SPOT Panchromatic Image - 10 meter (Raster)
    MAP CALIB Computed linear map projection from scene corners (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Registration information  from original tape (Regist)
    NORMALIZE Computed normalized contrast  table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State  Plane (Regist)
    EQUALIZE Computed equalized contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    DEFAULT Computed default histogram for entire raster (Histo)
  LINEBORO SPOT Panchromatic Image - 10 meter  (Raster)
    MAP CALIB Computed linear map projection from scene corners (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Registration information  from original tape (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State  Plane (Regist)
    NORMALIZE Default normalized contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    DEFAULT Computed default histogram for entire raster (Histo)
  WESTMIN  SPOT Panchromatic Image  - 10 meter (Raster)
    MAP CALIB Computed linear map projection from scene corners (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Registration information  from original tape (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)

-------
Hampstead RVF Tiles listing

    POINTLIST Control point calibration to Slate Plane (Regist)
    NORMALIZE Default normalized contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    DEFAULT  Computed default histogram for entire raster (Histo)
   MANCHEST  SPOT Panchromatic Image - 10 meter (Raster)
    MAP CAL1B Computed linear map projection from scene corners (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Registration information from original tape (Regist)
    NORMALIZE Default normalized contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    DEFAULT  Computed default histogram for entire raster (Histo)
   HAMP-MAN  SPOT Merge\Extraction Hampstead-Manchester Area (Raster)
    DEFAULT  Default histogram histogram for entire raster (Histo)
    NORMALIZE Default normalized contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane* (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
 ROT_CCRD  Scanned road map for Hampstead [for Hyperindex bases] (File)
   Composite Composite color scan CC Road map rotated (Raster)
    COLOR MAP Color palette for scanned image (Col Map)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS_TAX Hyperindex link data to Tax Maps for HAMPSTEAD (Atlas)
    ATLAS_ADC Hyperindex link data to ADC Pages for HAMPSTEAD (Atlas)
    ATLAS_AP  Hyperindex link data to Aerial Photos for HAMPSTEAD (Atlas)
 HAMPJTAX  Scanned tax maps covering Hampstead (File)
   MAP "#24  Scan in binary, threshold at 135 (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLASJTAX Hyperindex link data (Atlas)
   MAP #32  Scan in binary, threshold at 135 (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLASJTAX Hyperindex link data (Atlas)
   MAP #33  Scan in binary, threshold at 135 (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS_TAX Hyperindex link data (Atlas)
   MAP #40  Scan in binary, threshold at 135 (Raster)

-------
Hampstead RVF flies listing

    LINEAR  Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLASJTAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   MAP #4f Scan in binary, threshold ay 135 (Raster)
    LINEAR  Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS  TAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   MAP #47  Scan in binary, threshold at 135 (Raster)
    LINEAR  Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLASJTAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   MAP #48  Scan in binary, threshold at 135 (Raster)
    LINEAR  Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLASJTAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 HAMP_AP  Scanned aerial photos covering Hampstead (File)
   105-60   Scan in grayscale 300 dpi. Gamma Correct (Raster)
    LINEAR  Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane -new 7/14/90- (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane -new 7/14/90- (Regist)
    DEFAULT   Computed default histogram for entire raster (Histo)
    NORMALIZE Default normalized contrast table (ConTab)
    ATLAS_AP  Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   105-62   Hampstead Community Planning Area (Raster)
    LINEAR  Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane -new 7/14/90- (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane -new 7/14/90- (Regist)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane(10/30/90-CONTROL) (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane(10/30/90«CONTROL) (Regist)
    DEFAULT   Computed default histogram for entire raster (Histo)
    ATLAS_AP  Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   105-62(E) Hampstead Community Planning Area (EXTRACTION) (Raster)
    LINEAR  Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane(10/30/90-CONTROL) (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane(10/30/90--CONTROL) (Regist)
    DEFAULT   Computed default histogram for entire raster (Histo)
    ATLAS_AP  Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 BASEMAPS Carroll County Water Resource Map (Raster) (File)

-------
Hampstead RVF files listing

   COMPOSITE wellhead management map (color scan) (Raster)
    COLORMAP Color palette for scanned image (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane feet (Regist)
    Services  Municipal Water and Sewer Service Areas (Atlas)
    dBase   dBase linked node data (Atlas)
    Tiger   Prototype Tiger Vectors & Database (Atlas)
    ATLAS    Hyperlndex link data for multiple data bases (Atlas)
    ATLAS    Hyperlndex link data for multiple data bases (Atlas)
 HAMPSTEA  HAMPSTEAD NW-SW tile  [only NW & SW Needed for Carroll Co.] (File)
   HAMP_NWSW HAMPSTEAD tile of NW & SW quads (Raster)
    COLORMAP - (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to LAT/LONG (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration TO LAT/LONG (Regist)
 GEOLOGY   Carroll County Geologic Data [Poly w/label] (File)
   CCGEOLOG2 CARROLL COUNTY GEOLOGY MAP (State Plane) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ Implied calibration  to State Plane (Regist)
    LIST    Database list (PdbLst)
     POLY    Polygon Statistics (DBase)
    LINELAYER Layer colors for lines (LinCtl)
    NTYPSTYLE Node type control information (NodCtl)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon type control information (PlyCtl)
    POLYTYPES List of vector polygon classes (PlyTyp)
    LINETYPES List of vector line classes (LinTyp)
    FILLPATT Fill patterns for this object. (FilPat)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   CCGEOLOG3 CARROLL COUNTY GEOLOGY MAP (SP) fitted to WRM (Vector)
    MAP PROJ Implied calibration  to State Plane (Regist)
    LIST    Database list (PdbLst)
     POLY    Polygon Statistics (DBase)
    LINELAYER Layer colors for lines (LinCtl)
    NTYPSTYLE Node type control information (NodCtl)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon type control information (PlyCtl)
    LABELS   Label coordinates (LabPts)
    POLYCLASS List of vector polygon classes (PlyTyp)
    LINECLASS List of vector line classes (LinTyp)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    FILLPATT Fill patterns for this object. (FilPat)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link  data (Atlas)
 WRM_MAP   Carroll County Water Resource Management Map (File)
   WRM_CARB CARBONATE  ROCK AREA   (Vector)
    LINECTRL On type control information (LinCtl)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)

-------
Hampstead RVF files listing

    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    NTYPSTYLE Node type control information (NodCtl)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon type control information (PlyCtl)
    POLYTYPES List of vector polygon types (PlyTyp)
    LINETYPES List of vector line types (LinTyp)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  WRM_SWB SURFACE WATER BOUNDARIES (Vector)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES List of vector line types. (LinTyp)
    LINECTRL Merged line type control list (LinCtl)
    POLYTYPES Vector polygon type list (PlyTyp)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon drawing style  settings selected by type (PlyCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  WRM_ARA AQIUFER RECHARGE AREA BOUNDARIES (Vector)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES List of vector line types. (LinTyp)
    LINECTRL Merged line type control list (LinCtl)
    POLYTYPES Vector polygon type list (PlyTyp)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon drawing style  settings selected by type (PlyCtl)
    FILLPATTS Polygon fill patterns. (FilPat)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  WRM_WPA  WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREAS (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (PdbLst)
     POLY    Polygon Statistics (DBase)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to  State Plane (Regist)
    FILLPATTS Polygon fill patterns. (FilPat)
    LABELS   Label coordinates (LabPts)
    LTYPSTYLE Line type control information (LinCtl)
    NCLASSTYL Node class control information (NodCtl)
    PCLASSTYL Polygon class control information (PlyCtl)
    POLYCLASS List of vector polygon classes (PlyTyp)
    LINECLASS List of vector line classes (LinTyp)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)

-------
Hampstead RVF Hies listing

 HAMPCOMP Hampstead Comprehensive Master Plan {Poly no labels] (File)
   HAMPCOMP  HAMPSTEAD COMPREHENSIVE PLAN (Vector)
    LINELAYER Layer colors for lines (LinCtl)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane to Tax Maps (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane to Tax Maps (Regist)
    PCLASSTYL Polygon class control information (PlyCtl)
    LINETYPES List of vector line types (LinTyp)
    POLYTYPES Vector polygon type list (PlyTyp)
     LIST     Database list (TdbLst)
       CARR312  Imported from A:\CARR312.DBF (DBase)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    LABELS   Label coordinates (LabPts)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 HAMP_WAT Hampstead Water Service Area [Poly no labels] (File)
   HAMPWAT HAMPSTEAD WATER SERVICE AREA (Vector)
    LTYPSTYLE Line  type control information (LinCtl)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon type control information (PlyCtl)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (TAX MAP) (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (TAX MAP) (Regist)
    NCLASSTYL Node class control information (NodCtl)
    FILLPATTS Polygon fill patterns. (FilPat)
    POLYCLASS List of vector polygon classes (PlyTyp)
    LINECLASS List of vector line classes (LinTyp)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
Unable to open HAMP_SEW.RVF
 LINBRO  National Wetland Inventory Data—Lineboro  Quad.  (File)
   COUNTY   Vectors imported from MOSS  format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    MAPPROJ  Map projection information for Lambert  Conformal Conic (Regist)
   LINEAR   Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    MAPPROJ  Map projection information for Lambert  Conformal Conic (Regist)
    Ctrllnfo  Line type  control information (LinCtl)
    LABELS   Label coordinates. (LabPts)
    LINETYPES Type  list table. (LinTyp)
   POLYGON  Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    POLYTYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (PlyTyp)
    MAPPROJ  Map projection information for Lambert  Conformal Conic (Regist)
   COUNTY   LINEBORO County & Quad boundaries MOSS (SP) (Vector)

-------
Hampstead RW Tiles listing

    MAP PROJ  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    L1NETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    LABELPTS  AutoCAD text label points (LabPts)
     LABELTEXT Text string list for label points (LabTxt)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  LINEAR  LINEBORO Linear from MOSS (STATE PLANE) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    Ctrllnfo Line type control information (LinCtl)
    LINETYPES Type list table. (LinTyp)
    Vec<-> ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-> AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  POLYGON  LINEBORO Polygon from MOSS (STATE PLANE) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    POLYTYPES Translation toAlOSS type codes (PlyTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (PlyCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<--> AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 MANCHE  National Wetland Inventory Data—Manchester Quad. (File)
  COUNTY   Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    MAPPROJ   Map projection information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
  LINEAR  Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    MAPPROJ   Map projection information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
  POLYGON  Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    POLYTYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (PlyTyp)
    MAPPROJ   Map projection information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
  COUNTY   MAMCHESTER County & Quad boundaries  MOSS (SP) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    LABELPTS  AutoCAD text label points (LabPts)
     LABELTEXT Text string list for label points (LabTxt)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<~>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  LINEAR  MANCHESTER Linear from MOSS (STATE PLANE) (Vector)

-------
Hampstead RVF files listing

    MAP PROJ  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   POLYGON  MANCHESTER Polygon from MOSS (STATE PLANE) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    POLYTYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (PlyTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (PlyCtl)
    LSTYLECLS Line drawing style settings selected by class (LinCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 WESTMI   National Wetland Inventory Data—Westminster Quad. (File)
   LINEAR   Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    MAPPROJ  Map projection information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
   POLYGON  Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    POLYTYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (PlyTyp)
    MAPPROJ  Map projection information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
   LINEAR   WESTMINSTER Linear from MOSS (STATE PLANE) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   POLYGON  WESTMINSTER Polygon from MOSS (STATE PLANE) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    POLYTYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (PlyTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (PlyCtl)
    LSTYLECLS Line drawing style settings selected by class (LinCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 HAMPST  National Wetland Inventory Data—Hampstead Quad. (File)
   COUNTY  Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    MAPPROJ  Map projection information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
   LINEAR   Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)

-------
Hampstead RVF files listing

    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    MAPPROJ  Map projection information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
   POLYGON  Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    POLYTYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (PlyTyp)
    MAPPROJ  Map projection information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
   COUNTY   HAMPSTEAD County & Quad boundaries MOSS (SP) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    LABELPTS AutoCAD text label points (LabPts)
     LABELTEXT Text string list for label points (LabTxt)
    LINETYPES Type list table. (LinTyp)
    FILLPATT Fill patterns for this object. (FilPat)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   LINEAR  HAMPSTEAD Linear from MOSS (STATE PLANE) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    Vec<-> ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   POLYGON  HAMPSTEAD Polygon from MOSS (STATE PLANE) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    POLYTYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (PlyTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (PlyCtl)
    LSTYLECLS Line drawing style settings selected by class (LinCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-> AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 39076F7  U.S.G.S. Quad Map Overlay—Lineboro (File)
   39076F7A LINEBORO 'Texas" Vector data (hydrology) (Vector)
    IMPLIED  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Type list table. (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-> AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   39076F7B LINEBORO 'Texas" Vector data (roads) (Vector)
    IMPLIED  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Type list table. (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)

-------
Hampstead RVF files listing

    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 USGS_MAN  U.S.G.S. Quad Map Overlay—Mnachester (File)
   39076F8A MANCHESTER Texas" Vector data (hydrology) (Vector)
    IMPLIED  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPE Line types from AutoCAD Layers (LinTyp)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    FILLPATT Fill patterns for this object. (FilPat)
    STYLE    Default drawing style by class (LinCtl)
    Vec<->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   39076F8B MANCHESTER Texas" Vector data (roads) (Vector)
    IMPLIED  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPE Line types from AutoCAD Layers (LinTyp)
    LTYPSTYLE Line drawing style settings selected by type (LinCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data  (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 39076E8  U.S.G.S. Quad Map Overlay—Westminster (File)
   39076E8A WESTMINSTER Texas" Vector data (hydrology) (Vector)
    IMPLIED  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Type list table. (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL  Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data  (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   39076E8B WESTMINSTER Texas" Vector data (roads) (Vector)
    IMPLIED  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    TYPECTRL  Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    LABELPTS AutoCAD text label points (LabPts)
     LABELTEXT Text string list for label points (LabTxt)
    LINETYPES Type list table. (LinTyp)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data  (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)

-------
Westminster RVF Hies listing

 WES_SPOT Panchromatic 10 meter SPOT imagery for Westminster (File)
   WESTMIN  SPOT Panchromatic Image - 10 meter (Raster)
    MAP CALIB Computed linear map projection from scene corners (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Registration information from original tape (Regist)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    NORMALIZE Default normalized contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    DEFAULT  Computed default histogram for entire raster (Histo)
   NEWWINDSR SPOT Panchromatic Image - 10 meter (Raster)
    MAP CALIB Computed linear map projection from scene corners (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Registration information from original tape (Regist)
    NORMALIZE Default normalized contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    DEFAULT  Computed default histogram for entire raster (Histo)
   WESTNEW  Westminster\New Windsor Tile-SPOT Panchromatic Image (Raster)
    REGIST   Merged list of control points (Regist)
    REGIST   Merged registration matrix (Regist)
    DEFAULT  Default histogram histogram for entire raster (Histo)
    NORMALIZE Default normalized contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
   SPOT-PAN  SPOT Panchromatic Image - 10 meter (Raster)
    MAP CALIB Computed linear map projection from scene corners  (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Registration information from original tape  (Regist)
    NORMALIZE Default normalized contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Control point calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
 WEST AP Aerial Photography for the Westminster Area (File)
   112-004  Scan of NAPP photo # 112-004 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR  Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)  .
    LINEAR  Linear calibration to State Plane -new 7/16/90- (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane -new 7/16/90- (Regist)
    ATLAS_AP  Hyperlndex  link data (Atlas)
   105-151  Scan of NAPP photo #105-151 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR  Default linear contrast table (ConTab)

-------
Westminster RVF files listing

    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane -new 7/14/90- (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane -new 7/14/90- (Regist)
    ATLAS_AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   105-153  Scan of NAPP photo #105-153 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane -new 7/14/90- (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane -new 7/14/90- (Regist)
    ATLAS_AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   112-006  Scan of NAPP photo # 112-006 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane -new 7/17/90- (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane -new 7/17/90 (Regist)
    ATLAS_AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   106-007  Scan of NAPP photo #106-007 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane =new  7/16/90= (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane =new 7/16/90= (Regist)
    ATLAS_AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   105-149  Scan of NAPP photo #105-149 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Slate Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane -new 7/14/90- (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane -new 7/14/90- (Regist)
    ATLAS_AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 WEST_TAX  Tax Maps for the Westminster Area (File)
   TAXMAP_30 Scan of Tax Map #30 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR"   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS TAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   TAXMAP_31 Scan of Tax Map #31 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS_TAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)

-------
Westminster RVF flies listing

   TAXMAPJ2 Scan of Tax Map #32 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS TAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   TAXMAP 38 Scan of Tax Map #38 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR"  Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS TAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   TAXMAP_39 Scan of Tax Map #39 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS TAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   TAXMAP_45 Scan of Tax Map #45 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLASJTAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   TAXMAP_46 Scan of Tax Map #46 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS_TAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   TAXMAPJ7 Scan of Tax Map #47 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS_TAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   TAXMAPJ1 Scan of Tax Map #51 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS TAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   TAXMAPJ2 Scan of Tax Map #52 @ 300 dpi (Raster)
    LINEAR   Default linear contrast table (ConTab)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS_TAX Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 WES ADC  Individual ADC Maps (File)
   SCREEN12  Saved screen for Map 12 (Raster)
    COLORMAP Color maps saved with screen raster (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)

-------
Westminster RVF Hies listing

    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Control point calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    ATLAS_ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   SCREEN 13 Saved screen for Map 13 (Raster)
    COLORMAP Color maps saved with screen raster (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   SCREENlR Saved screen for Map 18 (Raster)
    COLORMAP Color maps saved with screen raster (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS_ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   SCREEN20 Saved screen for Map 20 (Raster)
    COLORMAP Color maps saved with screen raster (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   SCREEN19 Saved screen for Map 19 (Raster)
    COLORMAP Color maps saved with screen raster (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS_ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  CCWR_MAP  Carroll County Water Resource Map (Raster) (File)
   COMPOSITE wellhead management map (color scan) (Raster)
    COLORMAP Color palette for scanned image (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude /Longitude (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane feet (Regist)
    Services  Municipal Water and Sewer Service Areas (Atlas)
    dBase    dBase linked node data (Atlas)
    Tiger   Prototype Tiger Vectors & Database (Atlas)
    INDEX   Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    ATLAS   tlyperlndex link data for multiple data bases (Atlas)
    ATLAS   Hyperlndex link data for multiple data bases (Atlas)
  CC RDMAP Carroll County Highway Map ""(for HYPERINDEXES)"" (File)

-------
Westminster RVF flies listing

   Composite Composite color scan CC Road map rotated (Raster)
    COLORMAP Color palette for scanned image (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    ATLAS_ADC Hyperlndex link data for WESTMINSTER ADC maps (Atlas)
    ATLAS TAX Hyperlndex link data for WESTMINSTER Tax maps (Atlas)
    ATLAS~AP Hyperlndex link data for WESTMINSTER Aerial Photos (Atlas)
 WES_TOPO U.S.G.S. Topographic Maps (File)
   MUN_WSTMN Tile of NEW WINDSOR NE-SE &  WESTMINSTER NW-SW 11-21-90EXTR
(Raster) ~
    COLORMAP Color map edited from Edit Color process 11-21-90 [TD-JH] (ColMap)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to Latitude/Longitude (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    CTRLPOINT Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
 WESTCOMP  Westminster Comprehensive Plan (File)
   WESTCOMP WESTMINSTER Comprehensive Plans (Vector)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LABELS   Label coordinates (LabPts)
     LABELTEXT Text string list for label points (LabTxt)
    LINELAYER Layer colors for lines (LinCtl)
    PCLASSTYL Polygon class control  information (PlyCtl)
    FILLPATTS Polygon fill patterns. (FilPat)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    POLYTYPES List of vector polygon types (PlyTyp)
    LINETYPES List of vector line types  (LinTyp)
 CCGEOL   Carroll County Geology Map [L] (File)
   CCGEOLOG CARROLL COUNTY GEOLOGY MAP (SP) fitted to WRM [L] (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (PdbLst)
     POLY    Polygon Statistics (DBase)
    MAP PROJ Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINELAYER Layer colors for lines (LinCtl)
    NTYPSTYLE Node type control  information (NodCtl)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon type control  information (PlyCtl)
    FILLPATTS Polygon fill patterns. (FilPat)
    FILLPATTS Polygon fill patterns for Geology Map (FilPat)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<~>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    LABELS   Label coordinates (LabPts)
     LABELTEXT Text string list for label points (LabTxt)
    POLYTYPES List of vector polygon types (PlyTyp)
    LINETYPES List of vector line types  (LtnTyp)

-------
Westminster RVF flies listing

 WESTWAT  Westminster Water Master Plan (File)
   WESTWAT  WESTMINSTER WATER SERVICE AREAS (Vector)
    LINECTRL 6 type control information (LinCtl)
    NTYPSTYLE Node type control information (NodCtl)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon type control information (PlyCtl)
    POLYTYPES List of vector polygon types (PlyTyp)
    LINETYPES List of vector line types (LinTyp)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (TAX MAP) (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (TAX MAP) (Regist)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex  link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    FILLPATT  Fill patterns for this object. (FilPat)
 WESTSEW  Westminster Sewer Master Plan (File)
   WESTSEW WESTMINSTER SEWER SERVICE AREAS (Vector)
    NTYPSTYLE Node type control information (NodCtl)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon type control information (PlyCtl)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (TAX MAP) (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (TAX MAP) (Regist)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex  link data (Atlas)
    Vec<«>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    LABELS   Label coordinates (LabPts)
     LABELTEXT Text string list for label points (LabTxt)
    FILLPATT  Fill patterns for this object. (FilPat)
    LTYPSTYLE Line type control information (LinCtl)
    POLYTYPES List of vector polygon types (PlyTyp)
    LINETYPES List of vector line types (LinTyp)
 WRM MAP Carroll County Water Resource Map (File)
   WRM  WPA  Carroll Co WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREAS (Vector)
    LIST"   Database list (PdbLst)
     POLY    Polygon Statistics (DBase)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LTYPSTYLE Line type control information (LinCtl)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon type control information (PlyCtl)
    FILLPATTS Polygon fill patterns. (FilPat)
    NTYPSTYLE Node type control information (NodCtl)
    POLYCLASS List of vector polygon classes (PlyTyp)
    LINECLASS List of vector line classes (LinTyp)

-------
Westminster RVF (lies listing

    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   WRM_CARB Carroll Co CARBONATE ROCK AREA  (Vectoi)
    LINECTRL On type control information (LinCtl)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    NTYPSTYLE Node type control information (NodCtl)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon type control information (PlyCtl)
    POLYTYPES List of vector polygon types (PlyTyp)
    LINETYPES List of vector line types (LinTyp)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   WRM_SWB  Carroll Co SURFACE WATER BOUNDARIES (Vector)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES List of vector line types. (LinTyp)
    LINECTRL Merged line type control list (LinCtl)
    POLYTYPES Vector polygon type list (PlyTyp)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon drawing style settings selected by type (PlyCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<«>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   WRM_ARA  Carroll Co AQIUFER RECHARGE AREA BOUNDARIES (Vector)
    LINEAR   Linear calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    POINTLIST Control point calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES List of vector line types. (LinTyp)
    LINECTRL Merged line type control list (LinCtl)
    POLYTYPES Vector polygon type list (PlyTyp)
    PTYPSTYLE Polygon drawing style settings selected by type (PlyCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<--> AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 NEWIND   National Wetland  Inventory Data—New Windsor Quad.  (File)
   COUNTY   Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    MAPPRO!  Map projection information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
   LINEAR   Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    MAPPROJ  Map projection information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
   POLYGON   Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    POLYTYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (PlyTyp)

-------
Westminster RVF files listing

    MAPPROJ  Map projection information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
   COUNTY   NEW WINDSOR County & Quad boundaries MOSS (SP) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LTNETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    LABELPTS AutoCAD text label points (LabPts)
     LABELTEXT Text string list for label points (LabTxt)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link  data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link  data (Atlas)
   LINEAR   NEW WINDSOR Linear from MOSS  (STATE PLANE) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link  data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link  data (Atlas)
   POLYGON  NEW WINDSOR Polygon from MOSS (STATE PLANE) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    POLYTYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (PlyTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (PlyCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-> AP Hyperlndex link  data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link  data (Atlas)
    FILLPATTS Polygon fill patterns. (FilPat)
  WESTMI   National Wetland Inventory Data—Westminster Quad. (File)
   LINEAR   Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    MAPPROJ  Map projection  information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
   POLYGON  Vectors imported from MOSS format (Vector)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    POLYTYPES Translation to  MOSS type codes (PlyTyp)
    MAPPROJ  Map projection  information for Lambert Conformal Conic (Regist)
   LINEAR   WESTMINSTER Linear from MOSS (STATE PLANE) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL  Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link  data (Atlas)
   POLYGON  WESTMINSTER Polygon from MOSS (STATE PLANE) (Vector)
    MAP PROJ Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (LinTyp)

-------
Westminster RVF files listing

    POLYTYPES Translation to MOSS type codes (PlyTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (PlyCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    LTYPSTYLE Line drawing style settings selected by type (LinCtl)
 39076E8  U.S.G.S. Quad Map Overlay™Westminster Hydrology & Roads (File)
   39076E8A WESTMINSTER 'Texas" Vector Data (Hydrology) (Vector)
    IMPLIED  Implied calibration to Slate Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Type list table. (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   39076E8B WESTMINSTER Texas" Vector Data (Roads) (Vector)
    IMPLIED  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    LABELPTS AutoCAD  text label points (LabPts)
     LABELTEXT Text string Itet for  label points (LabTxt)
    LINETYPES Type list table. (LinTyp)
    Vec<-> ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 USGS NWN  U.S.G.S. Quad  Map Overlay—New Windsor hydrology & roads (File)
   39077F2A NEW WINDSOR Texas" Vector data (Hydrology) (Vector)
    IMPLIED  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Type list table. (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   39077F2B  NEW WINDSOR Texas" Vector data (Roads) (Vector)
    IMPLIED  Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    LINETYPES Type list table. (LinTyp)
    TYPECTRL Drawing control parameters by type (LinCtl)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 CC_TIGER Tiger File for  Carroll County (File)
   C24013F5  Imported TIGER Line/File data (Vector)
    MAP PROJ Implied calibration to State Plane (Regist)
    TGR CFCC TIGER Files line type list (LinTyp)
    TGR CFCC TIGER Files line type control list (LinCtl)
    Lines   Line Patterns for TIGER  Files (LinPat)

-------
Westminster RVF files listing

    LIST    Database list (LdbLst)
     TIGER DB  Imported Tiger Line DataBase (DBase)
    Vec<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    Vec<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 P_CONTAM Carroll County Potential Contaminant Sources (File)
   CERCLA  CERCLA Sites (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     CERCLA   Imported from A:\CERCLA.DBF (DBase)
     CERCLA   Imported from A:\CERCLA.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NODECLASS Vector node class name/desc list (NodTyp)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<-->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<—>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   SWMF_DAT Stormwater Management Facility Sites (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     SWMF_DAT Imported from A:\SWMF_DAT.DBF (DBase)
     SWMF_DAT Imported from A:\SWMF_DAT.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NODECLASS Vector node class name/desc list (NodTyp)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<-->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db< —>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   SINK DAT Sinkhole Locations (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     SINK_DAT  Imported from  A:\SINK DAT.DBF (DBase)
     SINK_DAT  Imported from  A:\SINK~DAT.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane~(Regist)
    NODETYPES Vector node type list (NodTyp)
    NTYPSTYLE Node drawing style settings selected by type (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db< —>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   CARR312  Carroll County SARA 312 Info. (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     CARR3T?  Imported from A:\CARR312.DBF (DBase)
     CARR312   Imported from A:\CARR312.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)

-------
Westminster RVF files listing

    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<--> ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<—>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  CCRTK   Carroll County "Right-to-Know" Info. (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     CCRTK   Imported from A:\CCRTK.DBF (DBase)
     CCRTK   Imported from A:\CCRTK.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<-->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<--->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  JUNKYARD Junkyard Sites (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     JUNKYARD Imported from A:\JUNKYARD.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NODECLASS Vector node class name/desc list (NodTyp)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    (jb<—>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  CCUNDER  Carroll County Underground Storage Tank Locations (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     CCUNDER  Imported from A:\CCUNDER.DBF (DBase)
     CCUNDER  Imported from A:\CCUNDER.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NODECLASS Vector node class name/desc list (NodTyp)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<-->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<—>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
  NPDESJN Industrial NPDES  Sites (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     NPDESJN Imported from A:\NPDES_IN.DBF (DBase)
     NPDESJN Imported from A:\NPDESJN.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NODECLASS Vector node class name/desc list (NodTyp)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)

-------
Westminster RVF files listing

    db<-->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<—>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   NPDES_MU Muncipal NPDES Sites (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     NPDES_MU  Imported from A:\NPDES_MU.DBF (DBase)
     NPDES_MU  Imported from A:\NPDES_MU.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NODECLASS Vector node class name/desc list (NodTyp)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCt!)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<—>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   SEPTAGE Septage Disposal Sites (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     SEPTAGE_ Imported from A:\SEPTAGE .DBF (DBase)
     SEPTAGE_ Imported from A:\SEPTAGE~.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<«>Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<—>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   RCRA    Carroll County RCRA Sites  (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     RCRA   Imported from A:\RCRA.DBF (DBase)
     RCRA   Imported from A:\RCRA.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db< —>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   SLUDGE_P Imported from A:\SLUDGEJ>.DBF (Vector)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NODECLASS Vector node class name/desc list (NodTyp)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<»>ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     SLUDGE_P Imported from A:\SLUDGE P.DBF (DBase)
    db< —>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)

-------
Westminster RVF Hies listing

   BUS_SOURC Imported from A:\P_CONTAM.DBF (Vector)
    NodeClass List of node classes (NodTyp)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     BUS_SOURC Imported from A:\P_CONTAM.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to Slate Plane (Regist)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<~>ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-->AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 LAND USE Carroll County Land Use Data (File)
   AVJN_SI Imported from A:\AV_IN SI.DBF (DBase)
   AV IN SI Imported from A:\AV_IN~SLDBF (Vector)
    LIST ~   Database list (NdbLst)
     AV_IN_SI  Imported from A:\AV_IN_SI.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NODECLASS Vector node class name/desc list (NodTyp)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<-->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db< —>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   SUBD_WM  Imported from A:\SUBD WM.DBF (DBase)
   SUBD_WM  Imported from A:\SUBDJWM.DBF (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     SUBD_WM   Imported from A:\SUBD WM.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NODECLASS Vector node class name/desc list (NodTyp)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<™>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
 WELL_DAT Carroll  County Water Well Information (File)
   H2OPERMI State of Maryland Water Appropiation Permits (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     H2OPERM1  Imported from A:\H2OPERMI.DBF (DBase)
     H2OPERMI  Imported from A:\H2OPERMI.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-»>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)

-------
Westminster RVF Tiles listing

   WELLDATA Production\Observation Wells & Spring Information (Vector)
    LIST    Database list (NdbLst)
     WELLDATA  Imported from A:\WELLDATA.DBF (DBase)
     WELLDATA  Imported from A:\WELLDATA.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NODECLASS Vector node class name/desc list (NodTyp)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<«>ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db< —>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   DOMES_WEL State of Maryland  Well Data (Taken from ADC Tapes) (Vector)
    LIST    Database list  (NdbLst)
      DOMES_WEL Imported from  A:\WELLDATA.DBF(ADC TAPES) (DBase)
      DOMES_WEL Imported from  A:\WELLDATA.DBF(ADC TAPES) (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<-->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<—>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
   WELL-SIT  Imported from A:\WELL-SIT.DBF (DBase)
   WELL-SIT  Imported from A:\WELL-SIT.DBF (Vector)
    LIST   Database list (NdbLst)
      WELL-SIT Imported from A:\WELL-SIT.DBF (DBase)
    IMPLIED  Registration to State Plane (Regist)
    NODECLASS Vector node class name/desc list (NodTyp)
    NSTYLECLS Node drawing style settings selected by class (NodCtl)
    SYMBOLS  Node symbol descriptions (SymDes)
    db<-->ADC Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db<-->Tax Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)
    db< —>AP Hyperlndex link data (Atlas)

-------
 USEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                                         APPENDIX F
                        COMPOSITE PROJECT DATASET LISTING
Final Report:       VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
                Carroll County Bureau of Voter Resource Management
                Salisbury State University't Image Processing it Remote Sensing Center

-------
Databases for Project:
          Possible Contaminant Sources
               Septage Disposal Sites
               Sludge Storage/Disposal Sites
               Business Sources
               CERCLA   (Comprehensive   Environmental   Response
               Compensation and Liability Act) Sites
               Stormwater Management Facility Sites
               Sinkhole Location
               SARA Title III (Right-to-Know)
               SARA Section 311 & 312
          -    Junkyard Locations
               Underground Storage Tanks (> 10,000 gallons)
               NPDES  (National  Pollution  Discharge  Elimination
               System) Sites
               RCRA (Resource Conservation  and Recovery Act) Sites
               Business Automotive
          Land Use
               Available Industrial Sites
          -    Subdivision Information
          Well Data
               Municipal Production WeiI/Spring
               Optimum Potential Well Sites
               Water Appropriation Permits
               Domestic Well Data

Base Images for Project;
          Carroll County Highway Map
          Carroll County ADC Maps
          NAPP 1988 Aerial Photography
          Carroll County Tax Maps
          Spot 1989 Satellite Imagery
          U.S.G.S. Topographic Quadrangles
          Carroll County Water Resources Map

Vector Overlays for Project;
          Municipal Water Master Plans
          Municipal Sewer Master Plans
          Municipal Comprehensive Plans
          Carroll County Geologic Map
          Carroll County Water Resource Map
          TIGER  (Topographically Integrated  Encoding Reference)
          Data
          Soil Maps
          National Wetland Inventory Maps
           f.S.G.S. Quadrangle Overlays


-------
 VSEPA Wellhead Pilot Project
                                             APPENDIX G
                                       PROJECT WORKPLAN
Final Report:        VSEPA Office of Ground-Water Protection Pilot Project
                  Carroll County Bureau of Water Resource Management
                  Salisbury Stale University's Image Processing A Remote Sensing Center

-------
c- B
t- U UJ
Z Ul U.
10 •- Z
UJ K O- <
U Q. C* ->
«rt Z *- U
U E -1 0
> UJ & >
tr (J O
u oe z z
B — i-
_!*- u
« UJ LJ O
z «- a.
1U K O UJ
Z UJ Or VI
2Sg |
Z O 3C -1
uj 5 z
3 in -»
"3 £-
•K
BC
UJ
u.
II


i
4m
*
1
I
(.
I
,*
U
«
ft.












-

. . .


. .

4-1
§ !
i- «
S« •
s
< u c
> •> O> w
ui p •> o *• •
it « i. z o
O * * t* & Ul
Z Z "V t 'XX*'
j * i i 3 § i i
i z « z «» — _i I
: I ^ . . J! KJ J
5-G£«««5St
iu a o e +* te —
i ^ 0 Uf
t-*>.xxaCv>«c
5O ».»->»- • <
S — — — c — S c
4-> ** »J — O. O
< < X
* k • $ r
1. S. < — TJ
1! * N> *< —
i I § s 5
*> e ui •>
i = - ? i
*. 1 S 5 ~ S.
S— »•—**'**
O. « K * *
m E > ui «i u
•-• Uf »» tjm- — X
J - . 2 « a 5
• « C >-
a c « ui c < «
a t- »- B 9
tj — a < — « -j
c •> o u< K en «
o b b ae t> ii >
-j a a. u a •- u














•





*rf
il
4-1
Tj «
C *•
I 1
* I
C +*
I 1


«

1.




* • *


•
*
. . . .

1 . . •

fr
•c
I
u
o
i ! i
— 5 
• — M
t *^ K
: i s
* • •- «*
5 « I B
T> • Ul 9C
1 I " 8
S 01 « a.
> 0 Z Z
» ^ b — O
« Ct u. U

-------

-------