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Water Quality Standards Summary
Section 6N
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IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
FOR
INTERSTATE WATERS
OF THE
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
-------
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IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
The "action" plan of the standards Is the plan of Implementation
and enforcement. This plan sets forth requirements for treatment
and/or control of all conventional municipal and industrial waste
discharges in the Commwealth which affect interstate waters, speci-
fies the time within which this is to be accomplished, and contains
programs for dealing with other water pollution control programs.
Section 62.1-44.15(14) of the State Water Control Law is "To establish
requirements for the treatment of sewage, industrial wastes and other
wastes that are consistent with the purposes of this chapter; pro-
vided, however, that no treatment will be less thanlJ>secondary or its
equivalent, unless the owners can demonstrate that ft lesser degree
of treatment is consistent with the purposes of this chapter." .^ith
the exception of those owners granted variance in their time schedules
because of unusual technical or economical problems, it is the inten-
tion of the Commonwealth of Virginia State
-------
the waters of this State. The problem is under study and conferences
have been held with other agencies of the Stat* in regard to developing
appropriate boai: pollution regulations in the near future.
Combined Sewer Overflows
There are several cities in Virginia v/ith combined sewer over-
flows, the more important ones being: Richmond, Hopewell, Roanoke,
Alexandria, and cities in the Hampton Roads area. Studies to deter-
mine the extent of and solution to these problems in the Richmond,
Roanoke, and Al -xandria areas are underway.
Nutrient Problem Areas
For some tine the Board has been aware that nutrient enrichment
is a problem in the Occoquan Creek Watershed; and in order to protect
the public water supply located on the Creek, the lioard has ruled that
any proposals received after September I, 1963, will be considered only
after the lioard is satisfied that the water quality in the watershed
will not be rendered unsatisfactory for present or future uses. As a
result of this ruling, the Board granted the Prince William County,
Greater Manassas Sanitary District Authority to construct sewage
treatment facilities which incorporated phosphate removal facilities.
This facility has operated with varying dcigrees of success but in
general has not achieved the desired results. In addition, the Depart-
ment of the Interior made a direct grant to the District and supplied
staff members to conduct nutrient removal pilot plant studies. iVhile
the conclusions of these studies have not yet been mado available,
it appears that the pilot plant studies have achieved a high degree
of success.
In addition to the above actions on the Occoquan Watershed, in
1968 a $300,OOC study funded equally by the Virginia General Assembly
and four political subdivisions in the watershed was begun, under the
guidance of Dr. Glair N. Sawyer. The study has now been completed and
a report detailing wati>r quality problems and their cause and solution
to the problems in the watershed expected from the State dater Control
Board by September of 1970.
Mine Drainage
There are no significant mine drainage problems in the State.
146
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-Vater Quality Standards Summary
Appendix
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Advanced Waste Treatment - Refers to methods and processes that
will remove more contaminants from wastewater than are usually removed
in present day conventional treatment plants. The processes may be
physical, chemical, or biological. Examples of advanced waste
treatment are carbon columns, electrolytic coagulation, reverse
osmosis, electrodialysis, and ion exchange.
Bacteria - A group of test organisms which are used as indicators
of the sanitary quality of the water. The Commonwealth of Virginia
uses total coliform bacteria as their specific test organism.
Bacterial concentrations originate primarily from municipal waste
treatment plants, sanitary and combined sewers, storm drains, vessels
and agricultural wastes.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) - The quantity of oxygen utilized
in the biochemical oxidation of organic matter in a specified time
and at a specified temperature, vfaste discharges containing high
levels of BOD will deplete oxygen supplies in receiving waters.
Disinfection - The killing of the larger portion (but not
necessarily all) of the harmful and objectionable micro-organisms
in, or on, a medium by means of chemicals, heat, ultraviolet light,
etc. Chlorination is the method commonly employed in sewage treat-
ment processes.
Dissolved Oxygen (JO) - The oxygen dissolved as a gas in sewage,
water, or other liquid usually expressed in milligrams per liter
(mg/1), parts per million (ppm), or percent saturation. Adequate
dissolved oxygen levels are necessary in waters to protect fish and
other aquatic life and to prevent offensive odors. Low dissolved
oxygen concentrations are generally due to excessive organic solids
discharged as a result of inadequately treated waste (having high BOD);
excessive algal growths may cause vastly fluctuating dissolved oxygen
levels, and other factors such as temperature and water movement have
an impact on dissolved oxygen levels.
Interstate Vfaters - Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
interstate waters are defined as:
1. rivers, lakes, and other waters which flow across or form
part of State or international boundaries;
2. waters of the Great Lakes;
147
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3. coastal waters - whoso scope has been defined to
include ocean waters sjeaward to the territorial
limits and waters along the coastline (including
inland, streams) that arc influenced by the rise
and fs.ll of the tide.
pH - The index of hydrogen ion activity, used as an indication
of acidity or alkalinity in waters. The pH of most waters ranges from
6.5 to 8.5, and most uses of water, such as aquatic life propagation,
prosper at these levels. In most cases, a pH outside this range is due
to discharge of industrial \*astes or decaying organic vegetation.
Pollution - The addition of sewage, industrial wastes or other
harmful or objectionable material to water at a concentration or in
sufficient quantity to result in measurable degradation of water
quality.
Primary and Secondary Contact Recreation - Also called whole-body
contact recreation. Primary contact recreation includes uses of water
such as swimming, water skiing and skin diving. Secondary contact
recreation includes such recreational uses as boating and fishing.
Primary Treatment - May be defined as that process capable of
removing a high percentage of floating and sottleable solids. This
is the first major treatment in a sewage treatment works and generally
removes from 30 to 65 percent of the suspended solids and 30 to 40 per-
cent of the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand.
Secondary Treatment - May be defined as that process or group of
processes capable of removing virtually all floating and settleablc
solids, generally from 35 to 95 percent of the 5-day biochemical oxygen
demand, and a similar level of removal of suspended solids in untreated
waste. The equivalent treatment may generally be defined as that process
or group of processes achieving maximum practicable removal of solids,
oils, grease, acids, alkalis, toxic materials, bacteria, taste and
odor causing materials, color and any other objectionable constituents
contained in untreated waste to produce an effluent equivalent to that
obtained from secondary treatment facilities in current use for any
specific category of industrial waste.
Sewage - (1) The water supply of a community after it has been used
and discharged into a sewer, (2) wastewater from the sanitary con-
veniences of dwelling, business buildings, factories and other insti-
tutions.
Sewage. Combined - A sewage containing both sanitary sewage and
surface or storm water with or without industrial wastes.
148
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Seweri Combined - A sewer which carries both sanitary sewage and
storn drainage. .Jhere combined sewers are used, the capacity is
usually exceeded at tines of heavy rainfall and the sewers overflow,
discharging combined sewage directly into streams without treatment of
any kind.
Jarm-and-Cold-^ater-Fish - ''arm-water fish include black bass,
sunfish, catfish, gar and others; cold-water fish include salmon and
trout, whitefish, Miller's thumb and blackfish. The temperature
factor determining distribution is set by adaptation of the eggs to
warm or cold water.
Temperature - A measure of the heat content of water. ifliile stream
temperature is affected naturally, man significantly affects it through
the construction and operation of dams and the discharge of cooling
wators from industrial processes, particularly power generation.
Toxic Materials - Materials which arc harmful to human, plant,
animal, and aquatic life. These may include hundreds of compounds
present in various waters such as industrial waste discharges or
run-off from where pesticides have been applied.
Solids. Settleable - Suspended solids which will subside in
quiescent water, sewage or other liquid in a reasonable period.
Solids, Suspended - Solids that either float on the surface of,
or arn in suspension in, watrr sewage or other liquids and which are
largely removable by laboratory filtering.
149
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fater Duality Standards Summary
Stream Index
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INDEX OF STREAMS DJ
VIRGINIA
Stream
Page
Stream
Page
* Aarons River 56
T Appomattax River 105
T Aquia Creek 142
* Ararat River 129
T* Atlantic Ocean 124
T* Back Bay 133
* Back Creek 142
Bannister River %
Barbaurs Creek 117
T Barrett Point 99
Battery Creek lit
Bear Creek 38
* Beaver Creek 38
Beaverdam Creek .. 39
Benges Branch 30
Bens Branch 30
* Big Bluewine Creek 56
Big Cedar Creek 31
Big Laurel Creek 39
Big Laurel Run 77
Big Mary' s Creek 117
Big Moccassin Creek 37
Big Otto Creek 59
Big Reed Island Creek 48
Big Run 74
Big Sandy 23
Big Stone Gap 30
Big Stony Creek 78
Big Tumbling Creek 37
Big Wilson Creek 47
Black Run- 76
* Blackwater Creek 30
T* Blackwater River 67
Blue Springs Run 116
* Bluestone River 46
Boozy Creek 37
Bottom Creek 61
Brokenback Run 86
Brandon Creek 56
Brandy Branoh 105
Brsntley Stream 59
Brattons Run 117
Briery Branch 76
Broad Bay 125
Broad Run 117
Brown Run 74
Browns Mill Creek Il4
Brumley Creek 37
Brush Creek 47
Buffalo Creek 106
Buffalo River 113
Bull Run 143
Bullpasture River 115
Burks Fork 48
Cabin Creek 4?
Cahoon Pond 99
Calfpasture River 115
* Cane Creek 56
Caney Creek 23
Carters Run 87
* Cascade Creek 57
* Cedar Creek 78
Cedar Run 143
Cherry Creek 59
Cherrystone Creek 56
Chestnut Creek 49
T Chickahominy River 105
Chisel Run 99
T Chopawarasic Creek 142
Clayton Mill Creek 116
Clear Fork Creek 45
* Clinch River 30
Coal Creek 49
Coleman Mill Pond 56
Coles Run 75
Comers Creek 39
Conway River 86
Corder Branch 30
Cornelius Creek 116
Couches Creek 68
County Line Creek 56
Courthouse Creeks 107
Cove Creek 30
Cowpasture River 115
Coy Creek 57
* Crab Run 117
151
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Stream
Stream
Craig Creek 117
Cressy Creex 39
Cripple Creiik 1+8
* Crooked Creek U7
Crutchfield Branch 56
Crystal Lake 125
Cub Run ... 7U
* Dan River . , 56
Davis Run 117
Deep Creek 107
Deep Hollow Run ?8
Deep Run 87
Devils Ditch 86
Diascund Creek 105
Dickey Creek 39
Difficult Run lU3
Dismal Creek U5
Dismal Swamp 133
Dockery Creek 56
Dodd Creek U9
Cree't 30
For'- . . 23
>ry Riv»r 76
7>ry Run H8
* Dunlap Crr ,.k ., 115
"agle h'jit ,!, .Ji eek ..,., 50
::ast B.-K it. f'av ac Greek 71*
r'ast Fore O.'.^fl: F irk Creek . , 'c?
l»ast i'.i.t ^i^jfcec Creek .... kj
Fast Fork L; ;.: e -^eed
Island Crv.pk ^9
East E.:.y Bj-i;.oh 115
^ast Ha* :s. -,,, Cr^ek 75
Eastern Branr.t Elizabeth
River 99
Eastern Jbrancn Lynnhaven
River 125
T Elizabeth River 99
* Elk Creek 1*7
Enchanted Creek 113
Fall Creek 59
Falling Creek 59
Falling River 59
Fifteen Mile Creek 38
Flat Rock Creek 68
Fox Creek 1*7
Francis Mill Creek US
Fridleys Branch 116
Fryingpan Creek 23
Fultz Run 75
Gardner Spring 76
Garth River 87
Georges Creek 56
German River 77
Glade Creek kl
Goat Creek 57
Gooney Run 7^
Goose Creek ll+3
Graham Creek Ilk
Greasy Creek U8
Great Creek 68
Great Neck Creek 125
Green Cove Creek 39
Green Creek 60
Guys Run 117
Hanzlins Swamp Branch 67
Happy Creek 75
Hardy Creek 30
Harris Branch U8
Harris Creek kQ
Hatcher Run , 67
Hawksbill Creek ?U
* Hawtre-: Creek ,. j6
Ht'.ys C: aek T 17
* Helton Creek t?
He^ar: Branch *Q
Hc.^carap Branch 67
He -rue Creek lM+
* Holston River 37
Hookers Creek 57
Horsepen Run 87
T Hoskins Creek 86
Hot Run lM*
Howells Creek Up,
Hughes River 86
Hungry Mother Creek 38
Hunting Creek llU
Hunting Run 87
Huntingca.np Creek U5
Hurricane Creek 39
* Hyco River 56
Hypes Creek 116
152
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Stream
Stream
Page
* Indian Creek 30
* Intercoastal Waterway 133
Irish Creek 113
Ivy Branch 106
Ivy Creek 58
Jackson River 115
Jacob Fork
T James River 23
Jennings Creek 115
Jeremiah' s Run 74
Jerkentight 116
Jerrys Run 115
John Keer Reservoir 59
Johns Creek 115
Johns Run 75
* Johnson Creek 107
Jones Creek 48
Kennedy Run 75
Killinger Creek 48
Kimberling Creek 45
Knob Fork Creek 47
* Knox Creek 23
Lake Bradford 125
Lake Burnt Mill 99
* Lake Drummong 133
Lake Gaston 56
Lake Jackson 143
Lake Jordan 67
Lake Joyce 125
Lake Kilby 99
Lake Meade 99
Lake Prince 99
Laurel Creek 37
* Laurel Fork 46
Laurel Run 77
Lovills Creek 129
Lazaretto Creek 67
* Levisa Fork 23
Lick Branch 117
Lick Creek 37
Lickinghole Creek 105
Linkhorn Bay 125
Little Back Creek 116
Little Calfpasture River 117
Little Cedar Creek 31
Little Creek 30
* Little Dan River 56
Little Fisher River 129
Little Hawkskill Creek 74
Little Mill Creek 116
Little Neck Creek 125
Little Passage Creek 77
Little Reed Island Creek ... 49
* Little River 48
T Little Salem Creek ......... 93
Little Stony Creek 30
Little Tumbling Creek 37
Little Walker Creek 45
London Bridge Creek 23
Long Branch Creek 23
Long Creek 125
Long Run 77
* Lovills Creek 129
Lynnhaven Bay 125
T Lynnhaven River 125
Madison Creek 117
Maggodee Creek 60
Main Fork Helton Creek 47
Maple Swamp Branch 58
Mares Run 116
T Marlboro Point 142
* Martin Creek 30
Massaponax Creek 87
* Matrimony Creek 56
T Mattaponi River 93
Motts Run 87
Maury River 115
Mayberry Creek 58
* Mayo Creek 56
Meadow Creek 48
Mechura River 107
* Meherrin River 67
Middle Creek 116
Middle Fork Holston River .. 38
Middle Fox Creek 47
Middle River 75
Mill Branch 118
* Mill Creek 46
Mills Creek 75
Mira Fork Creek 48
153
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Stream
Stream
Modest Creek 67
Monacacy River 1^3
Moores Creek 118
Moormans River 107
Mountain Run 77
Muddy Creek 76
Muddy Run 116
T Nansemond River 99
* New River k5
Ni River 93
Nicely Branch 37
Nicks Creek 38
No Business Creek U5
North Creek 116
North Fork Buffalo River 113
North Fork Catoctin Creek 1^3
North Fork Clinch River 30
North Fork Holston River- 37
North Fork Moormans River .... 107
North Fork Pound River 23
North Fork Powell River 30
North Fork River lM»
North Fork Roanoke 6l
North Fork Shenandoah 7k
North Fork South Mayo 56
Forth Fork Stony Creek
-------
Stream
Stream
Page
Simpson Creek 115
Sinking Creek 37
Skidmore Fork 76
Slate Creek 23
Slate Lick Run 77
Slate River 10P
* Smith Creek 56
Smith Mountain Lake ^C
T Smith Point lU2
* Smith Ri ver 56
South Anna River 93
* South Branch Potomac River ...
South Fork Catoctin Creek ....
South Fork Holston River 39
South Fork Moormans River .... 106
South Fork Powell River 30
South Fork Roanoke River 6l
South Fork Rivanna River 107
South Fork Rockfish River .... 107
South Fork Shenandoah 7^
* South Holston Lake 37
* South Mayo River 59
South River 75
Southern Branch Elizabeth
River 99
Spring Creek 38
Spur Branch U5
St. Marys River 116
Stacy Branch 23
Staley Creek 38
Staton Creek 113
Staunton Siver 86
Steel Creek 38
* Stewarts Creek 129
Stock Creek 31
Stony Creek 31
Straight Branch 39
* Straight Fork 30
Straight Gap 30
Strait Creek lUU
Stumpy Lake 133
Sugarland Run
* Significant Interstate Streams
T Tidal or streams influenced
(wholly or in part) by tide.
Swift Creel: 105
Swift Run 106
Sycoline Creek 1^3
Thaila Creek 125
Thornton River 87
T Thorofare Creek 93
Timbertree Branch 37
Tinker Creek 60
Tom's Creek U7
Totier Creek 107
Tract Fork hj
Tuckahoe Creek 106
* Tug Fork 23
Tuggle Creek 59
Tuscarora Creek 1^3
Tye River 113
T Upper Machodoc Creek Ih2
Valley Creek 39
Walker Creek ^5
Wallers Mill Pond 93
Watkins Branch 23
West Fork Little River U8
West Fork Peak Creek If?
Western Branch Elizabeth
River 99
Western Branch Lynnhaven
River 125
White Oak Canyon Run 87
White Oak Run 87
White Rock Creek U8
Whitetap Creek 39
Wilderness Creek U5
Wilderness Run 87
Willis River 107
Wilson Creek Il6
Wilson Run 86
* Winns Creek 56
Wolf Creek 38
Wolfpit Run 56
T Wolfsnare Creek 125
Yadkin River 129
T York River 93
155
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U.S EPA Headquarters Library
Mail code 3404T
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20460
202-566-0556
-------