-------
Sediment Particle Size, Pascagoula, Mississippi, November 1986
Sta.
Al
A2
A3
A4
AS
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
All
A12
A13
All
A15
A16
medium
gravel
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.07
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.02
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.10
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.04
fine
gravel
0.26
0.01
0.07
0.01
0.07
0.01
1.26
0.02
0.78
0.04
0.35
0.01
0.54
0.02
1.02
0.14
0.89
0.02
1.12
0.04
0.51
0.94
0.39
0.08
0.67
0.04
0.73
0.02
0.40
0.01
0.49
0.06
coarse
sand
2.18
0.04
2.04
0.00
2.04
0.00
11.18
0.02
3.56
0.00
5.16
0.03
0.08
0.02
4.45
0.12
2.06
0.10
2.04
0.12
5.95
0.51
1.42
0.08
16.63
0.04
3.76
0.04
2.38
0.09
2.57
0.17
medium
sand
84.09
0.16
94.18
0.11
94.18
0.11
83.22
0.08
61.49
0.58
89.68
0.14
93.69
0.00
50.58
0.34
48.09
0.29
63.48
0.40
52.15
0.96
42.01
0.24
35.53
1.04
60.21
0.22
74.81
0.30
55.74
0.68
fine
sand
1.08
0.05
1.07
0.02
1.07
0.02
0.75
0.01
11.35
0.23
1.32
0.04
1.93
0.01
10.88
0.29
10.64
0.19
16.47
0.28
12.85
0.51
16.14
0.42
13.43
0.68
8.90
0.08
6.55
0.13
12.27
0.38
silt
7.54
0.84
0.84
0.12
0.84
0.12
0.37
0.04
16.57
1.58
1.38
0.19
1.79
0.18
22.12
1.27
24.18
2.02
11.54
0.89
17.11
1.60
26.10
1.97
20.68
1.27
3.36
0.32
9.90
0.97
19.19
1.63
clay
3.33
0.42
1.18
0.36
1.18
0.36
0.81
0.10
3.11
0.71
1.26
0.44
1.18
0.35
7.37
0.84
8.87
2.64
0.30
3.31
4.94
1.97
8.96
2.28
6.46
1.02
1.69
0.67
3.45
0.57
5.82
0.68
totals
98.48
1.52
99.38
0.62
99.38
0.62
99.66
0.33
96.86
3.14
99.15
0.85
99.41
0.59
97.00
3.00
94.73
5.27
94.95
3.63
93.51
6.49
94.92
5.08
94.51
4.19
98.65
1.35
97.94
2.06
96.37
3.63
B-13
-------
Sediment Particle Size, Pascagoula, Mississippi, November 1986 (cont'd)
Sta,
A17
A18
A19
A20
A2L
aedlum
gravel
0.81
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
fine
gravel
2.27
0.07
0.53
0.01
1.17
0.09
0.54
0.05
0.75
0.07
coarse
sand
3.67
0.22
2.71
0.16
3.68
0.21
6.74
0.57
7.16
0.56
medium
sand
38.24
0.47
42.60
0.42
34.95
0.47
39.26
1.49
41.69
1.36
fine
sand
13.50
0.36
13.24
0.25
20.63
14.57
12.34
1.76
13.40
0.56
silt clay
22.77
2.83
26.14
2.17
9.58
0.18
27.62
2.32
24.61
1.91
13.97
0.81
10.35
1.43
11.30
3.17
5.98
1.32
6.88
1.06
totals
95.23
4.77
95.57
4.43
81.31
18.69
92.48
7.52
94.48
5.52
B-14
-------
Sediment Particle Size, Pascagoula, Mississippi, April 1987
Sta.
Al
A2
A3
A4
AS
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
All
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
medium
gravel
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
fine
gravel
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.38
0.07
0.49
0.03
2.75
0.01
0.66
0.00
0.78
0.00
0.85
0.08
0.45
0.09
1.05
0.07
0.68
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.05
0.24
0.03
3.96
0.01
coarse
sand
3.53
0.08
2.93
0.01
2.37
0.00
19.91
0.06
2.73
0.10
4.00
0.02
10.10
0.00
1.48
0.01
1.92
0.07
0.88
0.07
0.89
0.04
1.12
0.07
0.52
0.00
3.98
0.06
1.09
0.06
1.13
0.05
medium
sand
85.08
0.16
94.99
0.05
92.08
0.09
2.62
0.02
66.64
0.39
89.92
0.11
85.59
0.07
43.22
0.17
49.50
0.11
47.46
0.09
38.10
0.30
37.81
0.15
27.64
0.31
72.59
0.24
66.50
0.25
34.77
0.26
B-15
fine
sand
0.67
0.02
0.65
0.03
0.83
0.01
69.74
0.11
10.34
0.19
1.75
0.00
0.74
0.00
14.80
0.17
11.39
0.20
20.52
0.26
13.13
0.33
17.52
0.19
16.46
0.27
13.75
0.13
16.44
0.16
17.48
0.32
silt
2.53
0.38
0.21
0.06
2.44
0.29
0.67
0.09
12.65
1.38
0.24
0.03
1.09
0.21
23.62
2,53
21.66
1.97
19.32
1.66
29.87
2.94
23.76
2.21
33.48
2.44
4.63
0.40
7.91
0.72
24.18
1.92
clay
2.06
5.49
0.91
0.11
1.64
0.25
1.03
0.29
4.36
0.72
0.95
0.21
1.06
0.49
10.73
2.48
10.82
1.43
7.16
2.04
11.19
2.08
15.11
1.30
16.53
2.35
2.60
1.28
5.52
1.10
13.23
2.68
totals
93.87
6.13
99.75
0.25
99.36
0.64
99.36
0.64
97.20
2.80
99.61
0.39
99.23
0.77
94.65
5.35
96.15
3.85
95.78
4.22
94.23
5.77
96.00
4.00
94.64
5.36
97.85
2.15
97.68
2.32
94.75
5.25
-------
Sediment Particle Size, Pascagoula, Mississippi, April 1987 (cortt'd)
Sta.
A17
A18
A19
A20
A21
medium
gravel
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
fine
gravel
0.23
0.00
0.22
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.98
0.08
0.60
0.00
coarse
sand
0.08
0.24
1.44
0.10
0.18
0.00
0.91
0.04
0.89
0.12
medium
sand
38.60
1.06
38.87
0.62
8.39
0.02
33.95
0.34
31.00
0.45
fine
sand
12.73
0.23
18.49
0.49
6.75
0.24
17.88
0.32
24.71
0.49
silt
30.51
0.23
24.66
1.93
0.23
0.02
26.48
2.33
25.10
2.31
clay totals
12.64
2.72
11.18
2.02
76.80
7.36
14.13
2.56
10.15
4.18
95.51
4.49
94.85
5.15
92.36
7.64
94.33
5.67
92.45
7.55
B-16
-------
Percent light transmission through water
column, Pascagoula, Mississippi, October 1986.
I
ZI
O
Ul
X
O
PM A4
DEPTH (ft)
PM A2
4 flfi.
60
40
20-
0
PM A5
100
80
60
40
20
100
80
60
40
20
100
80
60
40
20
0
8 12 16 202428
PM A10
10 20 30 40
PM A12
PM A20
10 20 30 40
-------
Percent light transmission through water
column, Pascagoula, Mississippi, February 1987.
DEPTH (ft)
g
CO
C/)
CO
z
H-
X
o
100n
80
60
40
20
0
PM 1
10
20
30
10 ' 20 * 30
PM 10
' 4" 6 '
10 ' 20 " 30 40
100
801
60
40
20
0
100
PM 11
10 20 " 30 ' 40
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
10 20 30 40
10 20 30 40
B-18
-------
Percent light transmission through water
column, Pascagoula, Mississippi, April,. 1987.
DEPTH (ft)
100
100
z
<
cr
0 "10 20 30 40 U6 ' 1'0 ' 20 *" 30 40
PM 10
h-
I
O
'0"4'8 '12 1620 2428 U0 * 4 ' 8
6 224 28 32
10 20 30 40
6 " 1"0 ' 2*0 30 40 U6 ' 4 " 8 T2T6"2'0'2'4'
B-19
-------
Pascagoula Candidate Ocean Dredge Material Disposal Site, Dissolved
Oxygen, Salinity and Temperature Records from Water Column Surface,
Middle and Bottom Depths, October 1986 February 1987, April 1987,
July 1987
Station 1
PM-A1
PM-A1
PM-A1
PM-A1
PM-A2
PM-A2
PM-A2
PM-A2
Sampling Period
October 1986
February 1987
April 1987
July 1987
October 1986
February 1987
April 1987
July 1987
Depth(ft)
1
16
33
1
18
35
1
15
35
1
15
35
1
16
35
1
18
35
1
15
35
1
15
35
Dissolved Oxygen(mg/L)
7.0
6.1
5.3
7.8
7.8
7.0
8.1
4.6
4.3
6.5
6.3
4.2
7.1
6.9
4.8
8.4
7.7
6.9
8.4
8.1
4.5
6.5
6.3
3.9
Salinity (o/oo)
32.8
34.3
35.7
23.4
32.2
35.2
29.3
37.5
37.5
30.7
32.0
33.8
33.7
34.8
36.1
23.6
32.8
35.0
24.7
31.7
32.0
30.8
32.0
33.6
Temperature
21.9
22.9
24.0
14.3
15.7
16.6
22.4
18.1
18.0
29.4
29.5
29.3
22.2
22.4
23.8
14.3
15.9
16.3
23.6
19.0
18.7
29.8
29.7
29.3
B-20
-------
Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity and Temperature Records from Hater
Column Surface, Middle and Bottom Depths, Pascagoula, Mississippi
October 1986 February 1987, April 1987, July 1987
ation
-A4
-A4
-A4
-A4
1-A10
I-A10
1-A10
1-A10
Sampling Period
October 1986
February 1987
April 1987
July 1987
October 1986
February 1987
April 1987
July 1987
Depth(ft)
1
11
22
1
13
25
1
15
25
1
15
25
1
16
32
1
16
32
1
15
32
1
15
30
Dissolved Oxygen(mg/L)
7.4
7.0
6.0
8.3
6.9
6.4
8.3
5.4
4.7
6.4
6.4
4.3
7.0
6.7
5.0
7.5
7.1
6.6
7.7
8.5
4.2
6.4
6.4
2.3
Salinity (o/oo)
31.5
33.1
34.8
26.0
34.4
35.0
30.0
37.2
36.9
30.3
30.4
33.0
33.8
33.8
34.9
32.7
34.6
35.2
31.2
36.2
37.4
30.1
30.1
33.1
Temperature(°C)
21.5
22.1
23.4
14.2
16.1
16.4
23.9
18.6
18.4
29.7
29.7
29.5
22.45
22.65
23.3
15.2
15.0
16.3
23.4
19.4
18.4
29.6
29.6
29.3
B-21
-------
Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity and Temperature Records from Water
Column Surface, Middle and Bottom Depths, Pascagoula, Mississippi
October 1986 February 1987, April 1987, July 1987
Station
PM-A11
PM-A1 1
PM-A1 1
PM-A1 1
PM-A12
PM-A12
PM-A12
PM-A12
Sampling Period
October 1986
February 1987
April 1987
July 1987
October 1986
February 1987
April 1987
July 1987
Depth(ft)
1
20
40
1
21
42
1
20
40
1
20
40
1
19
38
1
18
35
1
15
35
1
15
35
Dissolved Oxygen(mg/L)
7.2
7.0
5.6
7.7
7.8
6.3
7.9
4.7
4.3
6.5
6.1
3.0
7.0
6.8
6.1
7.7
7.5
6.4
7.9
7.9
4.5
6.4
6.3
2.4
Salinity (o/oo)
33.0
34.9
35.5
32.2
32.5
35.6
30.3
37.4
37.7
30.2
30.7
33.6
34.2
34.2
34.6
32.0
32.7
35.4
30.9
37.1
37.8
30.1
30.1
33.2
Temperature
22.1
22.5
23.0
15.3
15.5
16.5
22.3
18.8
18.2
29.7
29.7
29.1
22.3
22.6
23.1
15.4
15.5
16.5
23.6
19.0
18.2
29.5
29.5
29.1
B-22
-------
Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity and Temperature Records from Water
Column Surface, Middle and Bottom Depths, Pascagoula, Mississippi
October 1986 February 1987, April 1987, July 1987
at ion
1-A17
1-A17
1-A17
I-A17
1-A20
4-A20
-A20
4-A20
Sampling Period
October 1986
February 1987
April 1987
July 1987
October 1986
February 1987
April 1987
July 1987
Depth(ft)
1
23
45
1
23
45
1
20
40
1
20
40
1
19
38
1
20
40
1
15
35
1
15
35
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
6.7
6.6
5.4
7.9
7.5
6.2
8.0
4.6
4.2
6.5
6.3
3.5
6.9
6.9
5.7
7.8
7.7
6.1
8.0
8.1
4.9
6.2
6.1
2.7
Salinity (o/oo)
34.3
34.4
34.9
31.9
33.1
35.6
28.7
30.7
31.0
28.7
30.7
31.0
34.4
34.3
35.2
32.4
33.5
36.5
31.3
36.6
37.5
30.5
30.5
33.3
Temperature ( °C )
22.7
22.7
23.2
15.3
15.9
16.7
22.0
18.5
18.5
29.7
29.7
29.2
22.7
22.5
23.1
15.5
15.6
16.9
23.0
19.1
18.3
29.5
29.6
29.2
B-23
-------
Final Rapid Surveillance of Dredged Material Site Sediments
by Continuous Seafloor Sampling and Analysis
April 1988
by
Center for Applied Isotope Studies
University of Georgia
Under Contract to Battelle Ocean Sciences
EPA SW #75
Contract No. 68-03-3319
B-24
-------
Final Rapid Surveillance of Dredged Material Site Sediments
by Continuous Seafloor Sampling and Analysis
The Pascagoula ODMDS was surveyed in two cruise legs. The first survey leg
was conducted April 30 through May 1, 1987, beginning at Station 101
(30°11,89'N and 88°32.66'W) in water depths of 8,0 meters and ending at
Station 458 (30°10.37'N and 88°33.29'W) in 9.5 meters of water. The second
leg of the survey commenced on May 2, starting at Station 701
(30°10.18'N and 88°33.32'W) in 11.8 meters of water and ending at Station
808 (30°09.70'N and 88°34.04'W) 12.1 meters of water. A total of 464
stations were sampled with the CS system. The gamma sled was not deployed
during this survey.
Figure B-l shows the location of the dumpsite relative to the shoreline in
the vicinity of Pascagoula and the navigational channel. Figure B-2 shows
the transects and station locations. Figures B-3 and B- 4 show Fe and Mn
concentrations, respectively, at the site. Fe values given in Figure B-3,
expressed as percent ferric oxide (Fe203>, are taken from Apendix A and are
rounded to the nearest whole number. Mn values expressed as percent
manganese oxide (MnO) are taken from Appendix A and multiplied by 25 in
order to fit onto a scale of 0-9. Symbols used for both figures are a (+)
marking the location of each sampling station and a whole number
representing percent metal oxide concentration. Contour maps of percent
F6203 and percent MnO are shown in Figures B-5 and B-6. Figures B-7 and B-8
depict topographical profiles of the percent Fe203 and percent MnO. Figures
B-9 and B-10 show a depth contour and topographical profile, respectively,
for the Pascagoula ODMDS as measured in feet from the OSV Anderson's
fathometer; data are shown in Appendix B-A.
The data presented in Table B-l show a comparison of laboratory and
shipboard elemental analyses, with Fe reported as F6203 and Mn as MnO. The
laboratory analyses reported in Table B-l were run on bulk surficial
sediments that were collected from the effluent of the shipboard processor
at the same time the processor sampled the sediment slurry. These samples,
collected at a number of designated stations, were frozen on board ship and
transported to the CAIS laboratory for the comparative analyses. The
samples were dried, digested with nitric and hydrochloric acid, and analyzed
by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (TCP). The laboratory analyses
were done to verify the accuracy of the values calculated for the shipboard
elemental XRF analyses. Figures B-ll and B-12 illustrate the correlations
of the two sets of data. For Figure B-ll {Fe values) the slope is 0.64, the
intercept is 1.5, and r2 is 0.65. For Figure B-12 (Mn values) the slope is
0.29, the intercept is 0.09, and r2 is 0.26. The rather poor r2 is 0.26.
The rather poor r2 correlation value for Mn can be explained in the large
error measurement due to the low Mn concentration in the marine sediments.
Although the levels of Mn do present a measurement problem, especially with
the less sensitive shipboard XRF analyses, the data nevertheless have merit
in that the values do indicate high and low concentrations, relative to each
other, within the surveyed site. This is indicated by the similarity of the
Fe and Mn contours shown in Figures B-5 and B-6.
B-2 5
-------
Sufficient fine-grained surficial sediments were found throughout the
dumpsite to enable over 400 samples to be collected and analyzed at sea.
The CS^ system data indicated both Fe and Mn values were at their highest
levels in the central southern portion of the ODMDS and extended beyond its
southern boundary. However, due to the lack of control, samples from in and
around the dumpsite, it is difficult to draw definite conclusions concerning
the significance of these elevated values as to whether they are indicative
of dump spoil material outside the ODMDS. In future studies of this nature,
it would be a definite advantage to have conducted a baseline survey so as
to define the undisturbed sediment regimen prior to dumping. Also, it would
be of definite advantage to have collected and analyzed representative spoil
site material to identify its unique physical and chemical properties prior
to a ODMDS survey being conducted.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Stations 430 to 446; 722 to 727; 733 to 739; 770 to 778; and 784 to 787 are
all south of the designated disposal area. All of the stations exhibited Fe
and Mn concentrations in the surficial sediments above ambient levels as
discerned by the CS^ system. Although similar values were detected within
the site, it can be seen from the data that the area to the south represents
the highest concentration levels found within the area. A more precise
identification of dredged spoil material could be realized if the Fe and Mn
values were ratioed to Al values. However, at present, the sensitivity of
the shipboard XRF does not allow Al to be measured. From the shipboard XRF
Fe data recorded, and from the results of the laboratory analyses, it is
recommended that if an additional investigation of this ODMDS is conducted,
it should more closely examine the southern portion of the dump site. This
examination should include observations by divers and collection of samples
for benthic biota and for geological and geochemical evaluation.
B-26
-------
Table B-l. Comparative Laboratory-Shipboard Elemental Analyses
Site No.
110
120
130
135
145
155
170
185
196
210
220
240
249
260
264
270
280
284
290
310
320
327
330
332
340
350
356
361
371
380
390
407
425
448
702
707
710
719
733
736
739
753
769
775
779
793
804
Lab
Ship
% Mn
Lab Ship
1.93
1.08
2.18
2.18
1.90
1.63
1.47
1.83
2.24
2.33
1.97
0.82
0.53
0.12
0.10
1.77
1.63
1.74
1.07
0.89
0.29
0.19
0.18
0.35
1.96
1.22
1.49
1.90
2.15
2.28
1.51
2.10
2.12
1.55
1.37
1.70
1.27
2.11
1.65
1.75
1.89
1.42
1.57
1.44
1.26
1.52
1.26
1.9
1.1
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.4
1.1
1.1
1.6
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.6
1.8
1.3
1.5
1.1
1.2
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.5
2.2
2.5
1.8
1.3
2.5
1.3
2.1
1.9
1.3
1.9
1.7
2.1
1.9
1.3
1.5
2.1
1.9
1.4
1.1
.11
.12
.16
.13
.13
.13
.15
.15
.12
.11
.13
.12
.07
.04
.00
.11
.12
.11
.07
.07
.05
.01
.04
.01
.20
.11
.18
.16
.18
.13
.08
.09
.12
.14
.07
.12
.11
.12
.09
.10
.16
.11
.10
.10
.08
.08
.10
.12
.08
.10
.10
.11
.09
.08
.10
.12
.12
.10
.09
.07
.07
.07
.12
.09
.09
.09
.09
.08
.06
.08
.08
.12
.10
.10
.12
.16
.17
.12
.09
.18
.12
.11
.13
.09
.12
.12
.12
.13
.11
.10
.14
.12
.10
.09
B-27
-------
88*30'
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B-28
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Figure B-6. Contour Map of Percent MnO at Pascagoula ODMDS
B-32
-------
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Figure B-7. Topographical Profile of Percent Pe2°3 at
Pascagoula ODMDS
Figure B-8. Topographical Profile of Percent MnO at
Pascagoula ODMDS
-------
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88°39.00'W
30*09.50™
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Figure B-9. Depth Contour map (feet) of Pascagoula ODMDS
Figure B-10. Topographical Profile of Depth (feet) of Pascagoula
ODMDS
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-------
-------
APPENDIX C
CHARACTERISTICS OF DREDGED MATERIAL
PASCAGOULA HARBOR NAVIGATION PROJECT
MISSISSIPPI
-------
-------
APPENDIX C
TABLE OP CONTENTS
Page
Effects of Sediment From Six Locations in the Pascagoula,
Mississippi Channel on Representative Marine Organisms ...... C-l
Chemical Analyses of Sediments From Sites I/ 2, and 3
in the Pascagoula, Mississippi Channel and Tissues of
Marine Organisms Exposed to the Sediment C-23
Chemical Analyses of Sediments From Sites 4, 5, and 6
in the Pascagoula, Mississippi Channel and Tissues of
Marine Organisms Exposed to the Sediment C-75
Effects of Sediment From Three Locations in Bayou Casotte,
Mississippi Channel on Representative Marine Organisms C-134
Chemical Analyses of Sediment From Bayou Casotte,
Mississippi Channel and Tissues of Marine Organisms
Exposed to the Sediment C-147
Physical/Chemical Data, Pascagoula Federal Navigation
Channel, 1983 C-199
-------
-------
EFFECTS OF SEDIMENT FROM SIX LOCATIONS IN THE PASCAGOULA, MISSISSIPPI,
CHANNEL ON REPRESENTATIVE MARINE ORGANISMS
Prepared by:
Dredged Materials Research Team
P.R. Parrish, Coordinator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561-3999
Submitted to:
Susan Ivester Rees, PD-EC
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Mobile District
109 St. Joseph Street
Mobile, Alabama 36628-0001
In partial fulfillment of:
IAG RW96932347-01-0
Preliminary Report:
Final Report:
April 1987
C-l
-------
ABSTRACT
A toxidty and bioaccumulation test was conducted with sediment
from six locations in the Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel. Three types
of marine organisms from benthic and epibenthic habitats were exposed to
sediment samples from each of the six locations for 10 days in flowing,
natural seawater; a reference sediment from Grand Bay, Alabama, was used
as a control. The purpose of the test was to evaluate, in the laboratory,
the toxicity of the sediment samples and the potential for bioaccumulation
of any chemicals from the sediments. In addition, a 96-hour toxicity
test was conducted with the suspended particulate phase (SPP) of each
sediment sample and the reference sediment. The purpose was to compare
toxicity of the whole sediment to that of the SPP and to assure the
suitability of the reference sediment as a control.
The toxicity of each of the six sediment samples was minimal.
Exposure to the sediments for 10 days had little observable adverse effect
on lugworms (Arenicola cristata), oysters (Crassostrea virginica), or
pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum); survival of all three types of animals
was >_ 86%. The SPP of each of the six sediments and the reference sediment
had little effect on mysids (Mysidopsis bahia). Survival in 100% SPP of
all samples was >_ 80%.
The results of the bioaccumulation test will be reported in a separate
document.
C-2
-------
INTRODUCTION
In accord with an agreement with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(CE), Mobile District, tests were conducted with sediment from six
locations in the Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel to determine toxicity
to representative marine organisms and the potential for bioaccumulation
of chemicals from the sediment samples. Ten-day tests with the solid
phase (whole sediment) and 96-hour(h) tests with the suspended participate
phase (SPP) of each sediment sample and a reference sediment were
conducted at the U.S. EPA Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze
(ERL/GB), Florida, during January-April 1987. Sediment sample collection
and testing had to be separated into two time periods because of the
large number of tanks required for the 10-day tests.
The chemical analyses of sediments and animal tissue were conducted
at ERL/GB, and the results are reported in a separate document.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Test Materials
The sediments tested were collected by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (FWS) on 15 January 1987 (Sites 1, 2, and 3) and on 11 March
1987 (Sites 4, 5, and 6) and transported to ERL/GB on the day of collection,
A reference sediment was collected from Grand Bay, Alabama, on 19 January
1987 (for Sites 1, 2, and 3 tests) and 18 February 1987 (for Sites 3, 4,
and 5 tests). A detailed report from FWS to CE on collection methods
«•
and site locations is contained in Appendix A. The sediment samples and
reference sediment samples were placed in a large cooler at ERL/GB and
maintained at approximately 4°C. Before testing, the reference sediment
was sieved to remove any large organisms; subsamples were combined and
C-3
-------
mixed well. The reference sediment was made up of larger particles
than the Channel sediments. The reference sediment was 72% silt-clay
while all channel sediments were all ^ 90% silt-clay. Silt-clay is
defined as those particles < 62 micrometers (pm) (Folk 1957). A
characterization of the Channel sediment samples and the reference
sediment is contained in Table 1.
For the tests with the SPP of the sediments, sodium lauryl sulfate
was used as a reference toxicant to assure that the populations of animals
were suitable for testing. The chemical used was manufactured by Sigma
Chemical Company, No. L-5750, Lot 42F-0039, and was approximately 95%
pure.
Test Animals
For the solid-phase (whole-sediment) tests, three types of marine
organisms from benthic and epibenthic habitats were tested. They were
lugworms (Arenicola cristata), oysters (Crassostrea virginica), and pink
shrimp (Penaeus duorarum). The lugworms were purchased from a bait dealer
in St. Petersburg, Florida; the oysters were purchased from a local
commercial fisherman; and the shrimp were purchased from a local bait
dealer. It should be noted that the populations of oysters for the two
sets of tests were collected from different locations. All animals were
maintained for at least 48 h at ERL/GB where they were acclimated
to test conditions. One tank of shrimp (approximately 100 individuals) was
lost because of a water system failure; these animals were immediately replaced.
There was no other observed deaths of oysters or shrimp during the acclimation
period. Those lugworms that did not burrow into the substrate in the
acclimation tanks were not considered suitable for testing and were
discarded. c_4
-------
Myslds (Mysidopsis bahla) for the SPP and reference toxicant tests
were cultured at ERL/GB. Mysids (5 _+ 1 days old) were fed Arteroia salina
nauplil (32 to 48 h post-hydratlon) during holding and testing.
Test Mater
Natural seawater pumped from Santa Rosa Sound Into the ERL/GB seawater
system was used for all tests. For the solid-phase tests, the water was
not filtered as it was pumped into elevated reservoirs. There it was
aerated and allowed to flow by gravity into the wet laboratory where it
was siphoned from an open trough into the test aquaria. For the SPP and
reference-toxicant tests, the seawater was filtered through sand and 20-wm
fiber filters; salinity was controlled at 20 _+ 2 parts per thousand by
the addition of deionized water, and temperature was controlled at 25 _+
1°C by a commercial chiller and/or heater.
Test Methods
Test methods for the solid-phase tests were based on those of U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency/Corps of Engineers (1977) and methods for
the SPP tests were after U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1985). To
prepare for the exposure of lugworms, oysters, and shrimp, approximately
7 liters (£) of reference sediment was placed in each of fifteen 20-gallon
(76-£) glass aquaria. This resulted in a layer of reference sediment
approximately 30 millimeters (mm) deep. After about 1 h, seawater flowed
into each aquarium at approximately 25 £/h, and the system was allowed to
t
equilibrate fop-48 h. After equilibration, the seawater flow was stopped,
approximatley 3.5 i of the appropriate Channel sediment was added to each
aquarium (resulting in a layer about 15 mm deep), the sediment was allowed
to settle for approximatley 1 h, and the seawater flow was resumed. Twenty
lugworms were placed in the back section and 20 shrimp and 20 oysters
C-5
-------
were placed in the front section of each aquarium. (A nylon screen, 2-mm
mesh, had been inserted in each aquarium and secured with silicone sealant
in order to separate the lugworms from the predacious shrimp.) It should
be noted that, in the second set of tests, only 10 oysters were used per
replicate. This change was necessary because of the limited availability of
suitable test organisms. The tissue from ten oysters was more than
enough for chemical analyses to determine bioaccumulation.
The five control aquaria for each of the two sets of tests were
prepared at the same time and in the same manner as the Channel sediment
exposure aquaria except that only the reference sediment was added to
each aquarium.
The 10-day test for sediment samples from Sites 1, 2, and 3 was
conducted 22 January to 2 February 1987, and that for Sites 4, 5, and 6,
13 March to 23 March 1987. Water temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved
oxygen were recorded daily. Dead animals were noted and removed from
the aquaria daily. At the end of each exposure, the remaining live
animals in each aquarium were removed, rinsed with seawater to remove
sediment, and were placed separately in flowing seawater to purge their gut.
After 24 h, they were placed in acid-cleaned glass jars, then frozen,
and later provided to the ERL/GB Chemistry Laboratory for chemical analyses
to determine bioaccumulation. Animals from the test populations were
treated similarly before the test began,to provide information on background
concentrations*
To prepare the suspended particulate phase (SPP) of each of the six
Channel sediment samples and the reference sediment, 1,000 milliliters (m*)
of chilled seawater was added to a 2-4 Erlenmeyer flask. Then, 200 tax, of
well-stirred sediment was added to the flask. More seawater (800 mfc)
C-6
-------
was added to the flask to bring the contents to the 2-t mark. This
1-part sediment:9-part seawater mixture was placed on a magnetic stirrer
and mixed for at least 5 minutes, and then allowed to settle for 1 h.
The SPP was then decanted Into a separate container, and pH and dissolved
oxygen (DO) concentrations were measured. The SPP of all the Channel
sediment samples and the reference sediment had to be aerated to increase
the 00 to acceptable concentrations (_> 60% of saturation). The appropriate
volume of 100% SPP in seawater or seawater only was added to Z-SL Carolina
culture dishes {the total volume in each .dish was l£) to prepare the
test mixtures and control. The mixtures were then stirred for approximately
5 minutes (min); the DO, pH, temperature and salinity were measured; and
test animals were added to the dishes. For all tests, ten animals were
placed in each dish in holding cups fabricated by gluing a collar of
363-gm mesh nylon screen to a 15-centimeter (cm) wide glass Petri dish
with silicone sealant; the nylon screen collar was approximately 5 cm
high.
After water quality measurements and addition of animals, the dishes
were stacked, with a cover on the top dish, and placed in an incubator.
The temperature controller was set at 21 °C and the light controller at 14
h light:10 h dark. The seawater in all treatments was aerated at
a volume estimated to be 100 cubic centimeters/min during the tests.
Air was delivered to each dish through polyethylene tubing (0.045-inch
inner diameter*and 0.062-inch outer diameter) by a small aquarium pump.
Water quality was measured at 24-h intervals, but daily counts of
animals were not made because in some cases the turbidity of the sediments
prevented observations of test animals. After 96 h, the tests were
terminated. When necessary, the cups were flushed with seawater until
C-7
-------
the animals became visible, and live animals were then removed by
pipette and counted. Suitability of the procedure was ensured by
counting the control animals, placing them back in the holding cup and
flushing them with seawater, and then recounting them.
Methods for the mysid reference-toxicant test were the same as
those used for the SPP tests, except that the test material was prepared
by weighing one gram of sodium lauryl sulfate on an analytical balance,
adding the chemical to a 100-me volumetric flask, and bringing the
flask to volume with deionized water. The test mixtures were prepared
by adding 0.1 mfc of the stock solution for each part per million desired
to one liter of seawater. The mixtures were stirred briefly, water
quality was measured, animals were added, and the test was begun. Incubation
and monitoring procedures were the same as those for the sediment tests.
Tests with the SPP prepared with sediment from Sites 1, 2, and 3
were conducted 9-13 February 1987, and those for sites 4, 5, and 6 and the
reference sediment, 16-20 March 1987. A reference toxicant test was
conducted 2-6 March 1987.
Statistical Analyses
No statistical analysis was performed on data from the solid-phase
exposures because no significant mortality was observed, nor was there
any statistical analyses of the data from the SPP tests because no median
effect (50% mortality) occurred. Mortality data from the mysid reference-
•
toxicant test were subjected to statistical analyses, however. The
96-h LC50 (the concentration lethal to 50% of the test animals after
96 h of exposure) were calcuated by using the moving average method
(Kendall and Stuart, 1973, and Stephan, 1977). The 9b% confidence limits
were also calculated.
C-8
-------
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sediment from six sites In the Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel
had little observable adverse effect on lugworms, oysters, or shrimp
after a 10-day exposure. Survival of all three types of animals was >_ 86%
(Tables 2 and 3).
The suspended particulate phase (SPP) of none of the channel sediments
nor the reference sediment caused significant adverse effects on mysids.
When up to 100% SPP was tested, survival was >_ 80% (Table 4). Results of
the reference toxicant test showed that the mysids were in suitable
condition for testing; the 96-h LC50 was 6.3 ppm with 95% confidence
limits of 4.4 to 9.3 ppm. Our experience and the literature (Roberts et
al., 1982) show that the 96-h LC50 of sodium lauryl sulfate for mysids
is usually 5 to 8 ppm.
Water quality was satisfactory during the 10-day exposure with all
sediment samples (Tables 5 and 6).
The results of the bioaccumulation tests are reported in a separate
document.
C-9
-------
LITERATURE CITED
Kendall, M.G. and Stuart, A. 1973. The Advanced Theory of Statistics.
Vol. 3, 3rd ed., Hafner Publishing Co., New York, NY, pp. 342-430.
Folk, R.L. 1957. Petrology of Sedimentary Rock. Hemphill Publishing
Co. Austin, TX, pp. 123-145.
Roberts, M.H., Jr., J.E. Warlnner, C.F. Tsa1, D. Wright, and I.E. Cronin.
1982. Comparison of Estuarine Species Sensitivities to Three Toxicants.
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 11:681-692.
Stephan, C.E. 1977. Methods for Calculating an LC50. In: Aquatic
Toxlcity and Hazard Evaluation. ASTM STP 634, F.L. Mayer and J.L.
Hamelink, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia,
PA, pp. 65-84.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Corps of Engineers. 1977. Ecological
Evaluation of Proposed Discharge of Dredged Material into Ocean Maters,
Implementation Manual for Section 103 of Public Law 92-532 (Marine
Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972), U.S. Army Engineer
Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS, 24 pp. plus appendices.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Oil and Gas Point Source
Category, Offshore Subcategory; Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards; Proposed Rule. FEDERAL REGISTER 50(165):
34592-34636.
C-10
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Table 1. Characterization of six sediment samples from the
Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel and a reference sediment
from Grand Bay, Alabama, for water content and percent silt-clay
(< 62 micrometers). Values reported are mean values.
Sediment
Reference
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
Site 5
Site 6
Percent Water
47.9
68.8
67.7
72.6
70.1
75.7
76.2
Percent
Silt-Clay
71.8
91.5
96.3
99.1
93.3
98.7
99.1
C-ll
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Table 2. Results of a 10-day laboratory exposure of lugworms (Arenicola
cristata), oysters (Crassostrea vi rginica), and pink shrimp (Penaeus
duorarum) to sediment from the Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel (Sites
1, 2, and 3), along with a reference sediment. Numbers are animals that
were alive at the end of the exposure; numbers of animals per replicate
at the beginning of the test were 17 for lugworms, 20 oysters, and 20
pink shrimp.
Reference
Sediment
Replicate
1
2
3
4
5
Total
Lugworms3
15
15
17
15
17
79
Oysters
20
20
20
20
20
TOO
Shrimpb
20
20
20
20
ii
99
Site 1
1
2
3
4
5
Total
17
17
15
16
16
81
20
19
20
20
20
99
17
20
19
19
II
94
Site 2
1
2
3
4
5
Total
16
16
17
16
16
8T
20
20
20
20
20
100
18
21
21
19
19
98"
Site 3
1
2
3
4
5
Total
17
15
16
14
17
79"
20
20
20
20
19
99
20
20
20
20
20
100
aBecause of the limited availability of suitable tests organisms, only 17
lugworms per replicate were used.
bln Site 2 (replicates 2 & 3), there was an additional shrimp mistakenly
placed into the test aquarium.
C-12
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Table 3. Results of a 10-day laboratory exposure of lugworms (Areni col a
cristata), oysters (Crassostrea yirginica), and pink shrimp (Penaeus
duorarum) to sediment from the Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel (Sites
4, 5, and 6), along with a reference sediment. Numbers are animals that
were alive at the end of the exposure; numbers of animals per replicate
at the beginning of the test were 20 lugworms, 10 oysters, and 20
pink shrimp.
Reference
Sediment
Site 4
Site 5
Site 6
Replicate
1
2
3
4
5
Total
1
2
3
4
5
Total
1
2
3
4
5
Total
1
2
3
4
5
Total
Lugworms
20
19
20
19
19
97
20
20
18
20
20
W
18
20
18
17
20
93
19
15
20
18
20
97
Oysters
10
10
10
10
10
50
10
9
10
10
10
TO
10
10
10
10
10
50
10
10
10
10
lla
^
Shrimp
18
20
20
18
13
89
18
18
19
16
18
89
18
16
16
18
18
86
20
18
18
17
23
96
a A double-oyster that had not been separated was mistakenly placed in
the aquarium.
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Table 4. Results of acute toxicity tests conducted with myslds (My sidopsis bahia)
and the suspended particulate phase (SPP) of sediment from six sites in the
Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel and a reference sediment from Grand Bay,
Alabama, the percentage of animals alive after 96 hours of exposure is given.
Exposure
Test material
Reference
Sediment
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
Site 5
Site 6
Control
100
100
90
90
180
100
100
1%
90
80
90
90
100
100
100
Concentration (% SPPa)
10%
100
90
100
100
100
100
100
25%
90
70
80
100
100
100
100
50%
90
100
50
100
90
100
100
100%
100
80
100
90
90
100
90
aThe SPP (suspended particulate phase) was prepared by mixing 1 part
sediment with 9 parts seawater (v:v), allowing the mixture to settle for
1 hour, and decanting the unsettled portion.
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Table 5. Water quality measurements during 10-day laboratory exposure of marine
organisms to sediment from the Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel (Sites 1, 2, and 3).
Two replicates per treatment were chosen for measurement of dissolved oxygen and pH.
Test Day
1
(°C) 11.0
ity (%) 24.0
ENCE 8.0
8.4
1 8.4
8.3
2 8.3
8.4
3 8.5
8.4
ENCE 8.1
8.2
1 8.2
8.1
2 8.2
8.2
3 8.2
8.1
2
12.0
24.0
7.7
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.2
3
14.0
25.0
7.5
7.9
7.8
7.6
7.6
8.2
7.4
7.7
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.3
8.2
4
12.0
25.0
6.5
7.7
8.1
7.1
7.9
8.0
7.9
8.2
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.0
5
12.0
24.0
9.2
9.4
8.9
9.1
9.1
9.3
9.2
9.1
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.8
6
13.0
26.0
8.8
8.4
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.6
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
7
13.0
25.0
8.4
8.4
8.2
8.6
8.6
8.9
8.5
8.5
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.8
8
13.5
24.0
7.8
8.2
7.0
8.0
8.0
7.8
8.1
8.0
7.8
7.8
7.6
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
9
14.0
25.0
7.5
7.6
7.2
7.5
7.5
5.8
7.6
7.5
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.7
8.0
8.1
10
15.0
30.0
6.7
6.9
6.2
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.8
6.6
8.2
8.3
8.1
8.3
8.3
8.2
8.3
8.3
C-15
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Table 6. Water quality measurements during 10-day laboratory exposures of marine]
organisms to sediment from the Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel (Sites 4, 5, and
Two replicates per treatment were chosen for measurement of dissolved oxygen and
Temp. (°C)
Salinity (%}
DO (ppm)
REFERENCE
SITE 4
SITE 5
SITE 6
jpH
REFERENCE
SITE 4
SITE 5
SITE 6
1
15.0
22.0
6.6
6.7
6.0
6.6
6.5
6.0
6.7
6.7
8.0
8.0
8.2
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
2
16.5
25.0
7.2
7.1
6.8
7.0
6.9
6.9
7.1
7.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
3
17.0
25.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.9
6.5
6.5
6.7
6.4
7.9
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
4
17.0
30.0
6.4
6.4
5.4
5.5
6.5
6.3
6.4
6.3
7.8
7.8
7.6
7.7
7.9
7.8
7.9
7.9
5
18.0
26.0
6.0
6.0
4.2
6.4
6.6
5.5
6.6
6.7
7.9
7.9
8.0
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.0
Test Day
6
17.5
22.0
6.0
6.5
5.0
6.4
6.3
6.5
6.5
5.3
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7
18.0
22.0
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.5
6.3
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.8
8
19.0
26.0
6.4
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.9
I
9 i
1
19.0 1
28.0 2
6.0
6.0
5.6 .
6.1
6.0
5.8
6.0
5.9
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.8
C-16
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APPENDIX A
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
P.O. Drawer 1190
Daphne, AL 36S26
March 25, 1987
Colonel C. Hilton Dunn
U.S. Anay Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 2288
Mobile, Alabama 36628
Dear Colonel Dunn:
This is our revised report regarding our works associated with
sediment collections for purposes of conducting bioassays at
Pascagoula Harbor, Mississippi. The original report was presented on
March 4, 1987. However, after submittal of the report, problems arose
when test organisms did not arrive at the EPA laboratory as scheduled.
This delay required that additional sediment samples be collected for
Sites 4, 5, and 6. This was accomplished as reflected in the revised
report.
Sincerely yours..,-
Larry Ey Goldman
Field Supervisor
Attachment
C-17
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APPENDIX A
PASCAGOULA HARBOR SEDIMENT ANALYSIS
This report regards the collection of sediments used to run bioassays
in assoc iation_ with development of alternative disposal methods for
the pascagoulcrHfflrbor Project, Mississippi.
Dredged material from the upper Paseagoula channel and inner
Pascagoula Harbor has historically been placed in the Singing River
Island disposal area. This site as now proposed will become the
location of the Navy's homeport. Thus, this disposal area will likely
be eliminated and additional disposal areas will need to be located.
Ocean dumping is one viable alternative and requires that bioassays be
conducted as directed under the Ocean Dumping Act. The Fish and
Wildlife Service (Service) was contracted by the Corps to collect the
test sediments and transport the material to the EPA Laboratory at
Gulf Breeze, Florida, for analysis. The following describes the
sites, methods, and dates associated with the sediment collections.
Collection Sites
It was determined that 6 sample stations in the Pascagoula Harbor area
should be used for this analysis (see Fig. 1 and Table 1 attached).
These sites are approximately one mile apart and extended from site 1
at the railroad bridge to site 6 at channel markers "39"-"40".
Reference material (control) was also required for the analysis. This
material had to be from a relatively pristine area and simulate the
material at the proposed ocean disposal site which is south of Horn
Island. It was decided by the Service and Corps, after review of
sediment maps, that the reference material should be obtained in the
area of Marsh Island (Fig. 2). This location is basically isolated
and buffered from major industrial and development activity.
Collection Dates
The EPA Gulf Breeze Laboratory did not have enough tanks for a
simultaneous testing of all six sample sites. Therefore, the
collection dates were split whereby three channel sites and the
reference material were collected on two separate dates. The first
collection .of channel material (sites 1, 2 and 3) was conducted on
January 15, 1987. Weather conditions required that collection of the
reference material be delayed until January 19, 1987. The second
collections (sites 4, 5 and 6) and reference material were conducted
on February 18, 1987. This material was taken to the EPA Laboratory
on the day following the collection. _ The sediment was then stored in
coolers prior to blending. Problems occurred when some of the test
organisms (lobworms) were deliverd to the EPA at a later date than had
been originally scheduled. As a result, the channel material.
collected on February 18 was deemed unsuitable for test purposes and a
second sediment collection at Sites 4, 5, and 6 was conducted on March
C-18
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APPENDIX A
11, 1987. It was determined by the EPA that the reference material
was suitably a_nd therefore no additional collection of this sediment
was necessary^ —
Collection Methods
The channel and reference material was contained in 5-gallon plastic
cans with vacuum lids. Prior to filling these containers with the
test sediments each can and lid was washed with soap and water, rinsed
with a 5 percent solution of acetone, then rinsed with a 5 percent
solution of HCL and again rinsed with water. The material from the
approximately 40-ft. upper and inner channel was obtained using a
Peterson grab dredge with a sample area of 1 sq. ft. The reference
material was taken from depths of 1 ft. to 3 ft. and both dredge and
shovel were used for collecting this sediment. Ten gallons (2 cans)
of material were collected for each channel site. This material was
blended once it was delivered to the Gulf Breeze Lab. Fifty gallons
(10 cans) of reference material were collected on January 19, 1987,
for the first series of testing. At the request of the Gulf Breeze
Lab, this was increased to 53 gallons during the second collection,
February 18, 1987, for purposes of conducting the rays id shrimp test.
The reference material was also blended at the lab.
Attachments
C-19
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-------
APPENDIX A
Table 1
General Location of the Channel Sample Sites*
Site 1 * 100 yds. south of Railroad Bridge
Site 2 - At Coast Guard Station
Site 3 - At Buoy #2
Site 4 - About 200 yds. south of the mouth of take Yazoo and north
of Marker 43 and 44.
Site 5 - Between Marker 41 and 42.
Site 6 - Between Marker 39 and 40.
* All samples were taken in or near the middle of the channel.
C-21
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APPENDIX A
*'" ria-t*M ••*>»• \/**."•"""
*. ''I ' f!k ^
i *A * v"
• '+7 /"^/'' «
' » . ' //
9
ii 10 J
10
it ti
15
»' ii
13 ii
1 >2
~~~?'j^
» 6
9
10
II
12
II
Reference Material
Collection Site
iy ,o" '" .0
" .A,^ .' H. |0
rrf " ' •^N>
• II
II II .
"
12 12 l2 " II "
" 12
12 " "
>v 12 '2 "
9 ,' ' 7
.', */*tf
10 . ft 9/t «
''°*<^ /' f9
^"*,' «''
10 / ^y< 5
^ / //• . *
10 / iff »
1 e> '* 7
^ > \t * *
• * T * '
.-„ U^*t i / * ^
Figure 2
-------
CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SEDIMENT FROM SITES 1, 2 and 3
IN THE PASCAGOULA, MISSISSIPPI, CHANNEL
AND TISSUES OF MARINE ORGANISMS EXPOSED TO THE SEDIMENT
Prepared by:
Analytical Chemistry Section of
The Aquatic Toxicology Branch
James C. Moore, Section Chief
E.M. Lores, Research Chemist
and Christine Deans, Ph.D. Statistician,
Computer Sciences Corporation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
Submitted To:
Susan Ivester Rees, PD-EC
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Mobile District
109 St. Joseph Street
Mobile, Alabama 36628-0001
In partial fulfillment of:
IAG RW96932347-01-0
Preliminary Report September 1987
Final Report
C-23
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ABSTRACT
Chemical analyses were performed on sediments from Sites 1, 2, and 3
in the Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel and on three types of marine
organisms exposed to these sediment samples during a 10-day bioaccumulation
test conducted by the Dredged Materials Research Team of the Gulf Breeze
Laboratory. Five replicates of each sediment and type of organism were
analyzed for residues of selected chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, PCBs,
chlorpyrifos (Dursban), petroleum hydrocarbons, and 9 heavy metals. The
purpose of these chemical analyses was to determine if residues were
detectable in the sediment and if they accumulated in tissues of organisms
exposed to the sediment. Samples of each type of organism and sediment
were analyzed before use in the bioaccumulation test.
Residues of selected pesticides or PCBs were not detected in sediments
or animal tissues before or after exposure, but several metals were detected
in sediments and in tissues of organisms before and after exposure.
There were no significant differences among sites for oysters (Crassostrea
virginica) or shrimp (Penaeus duorarum). In lugworms, {Arem'col a cri stata)
however, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc concentrations were signi-
ficantly different among sites. Mean concentrations of chromium and nickel
were not greater than mean concentrations in lugworms exposed to the
reference sediment, however, significant differences for accumulation
of metal residue in lugworms were determined by comparing each site to the
e.
reference sediment with Student-Newman-Keuls tests. Differences were
found for Site 2 for copper and lead, and Sites 2 and 3 for zinc. Although
statistically significant differences were determined, this may not
indicate bioaccumulation.
C-24
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INTRODUCTION
In accord with an agreement between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(CE), Mobile District, and EPA's Gulf Breeze Environmental Research
Laboratory (ERL/GB) , chemical analyses were performed on sediment from
Sites 1, 2 and 3 in the Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel and on three
species of marine organisms exposed to these sediments during a 10-day
bioaccumulation test. Five replicates of each sediment and organism were
analyzed for the following chemical residues: PCBs, selected chlorinated
hydrocarbon pesticides, chlorpyrifos (Dursban), selected heavy metals,
and two petroleum hydrocarbon fractions (aliphatic and aromatic). These
analyses were performed on sediments and organisms before the bio-
accumulation test and on organisms after a bioaccumulation test. Chemical
analyses were performed by gas-liquid chromatography for pesticides,
PCBs, and petroleum hydrocarbons, and inductively coupled argon plasma
emission spectroscopy (ICAP) for heavy metals. Methods of chemical
analyses were modified and validated at ERL/GB, except for the petroleum
hydrocarbon method. This method was used as recommended by the U.S.
EPA/Corps of Engineers Implementation Manual (EPA/CE, 1977).
C-25
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
Test Sediments and Animals
Samples of sediments and test organisms were obtained from the ERL/6B
Dredged Materials Research Team prior to initiation of the bioaccumulation
test. Locations of test sediment collection sites, the reference site,
and a description of experimental designs and test methods were reported
in a separate document. After the 10-day exposure period, five replicates
of each test organism from each test sediment, and the reference sediment,
were collected and maintained at approximately 4°C until chemical analyses
were performed.
Methods of Chemical Analyses
A. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides and PCBs
Tissue samples were weighed into a 150-mm by 25-mm screw-top test
tube and homogenized three times with 10 ml of acetonitrile with a
Willems Polytron Model PT 20-ST (Brinkman Instruments, Westbury, NY).
Following each homogenization, the test tube was centrifuged (1600x g)
and the liquid layer decanted into a 120-ml oil sample bottle. Seventy-
five ml of a 2% (w/v) aqueous sodium sulfate and 10 ml of petroleum ether
were added to the bottle and the contents shaken for 1 minute. After the
layers separated, the solvent was pipetted into a 25-ml concentrator
tube and the extraction with petroleum ether was repeated two more times.
The combined solvent extract was concentrated to 1 ml on a nitrogen
£r
evaporator in preparation for cleanup.
Cleanup columns were prepared by adding 3 g of PR-grade florisil
(stored at 130°C) and 2 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate (powder) to a
200-mm by 9-rnm i.d. Chromaflex column (Kontes Glass Co., Vineland,
NJ) and rinsing with 20 ml of hexane. Tissue and sediment extracts were
C-26
-------
transferred to the column with two additional 2-ml volumes of hexane.
Pesticides and PCBs were eluted with 20 ml of 5% (v/v) dlethyl ether In
hexane.
Quantitatlons of pesticides were made with external standard methods.
All standards were obtained from the EPA pesticide repository. PCB
reference standard, obtained from U.S. EPA Chemical Repository, Washington,
DC, was described by Sawyer (1978). Analyses were performed on a Hewlett-
Packard Model 5710 gas chromatograph equipped with a 63N1 electron-capture
detector. Separations were performed by using a 182-cm by 2-mm i.d. glass
column packed with 2% SP2100 (Supelco, Inc., Bellefonte, PA) on 80-100
mesh Supelcoport. Other gas chromatographic parameters were: flow rate
of the 10% methane-in-argon carrier gas, 25 ml/min; column temperature,
190°C; inlet temperature, 200°C, and detector temperature, 300°C.
Recoveries of PCBs and pesticides from spiked samples and detection
limits for pesticides and petroleum hydrocarbons are shown in Table 1.
Results are reported to two significant figures in Tables 2 through 2d,
as our methods allow.
B. Heavy Metals
One to two grams of tissue or sediment were weighed into a 40 ml
reaction vessel. Five ml of concentrated nitric acid (Baker Chemical Instra-
Analyzed) were added and the samples digested for 2 to 4 h at 70°C in a tube
heater. Digestion was continued, with vessels capped, for 48 h at 70°C.
After digestion, samples were transferred to 15-ml tubes and diluted to 10 ml
for aspiration into a Jarre!1-Ash AtomComp 800 Series inductively-coupled
argon-plasma emission spectrometer (ICP). This instrument acquires data for
15 elements simultaneously. Method detection limits for each element are
given in Table 3 and are based on wet weight analyses. No detectable
C-27
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residues could be found in method blanks. A solution of ten percent nitric
acid/distilled water was analyzed between samples to prevent carryover of
residues from one sample to the next. Standards were used to calibrate the
instrument initially and adjustments were made when necessary. Concentrations
are reported in two significant figures as our method allows, and were not
corrected for percentage recovery.
C. Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Ten grams of tissue or sediment were weighed into culture tubes and
extracted as described by J.S. Warner (1976). Sample extracts were
concentrated to approximately 0.50 ml for gas chromatographic analyses.
Analyses were performed on a Hewlett Packard gas chromatograph (GC)
equipped with flame ionization detection. Separations were performed by
using a 182-cm by 2-mm i.d. glass column packed with 3% OV101 on 100/120
mesh Supelcoport. Helium carrier gas was used at a flow of 30 mfc/min.
Quality Assurance of Chemical Analyses
All standards used for quantitations of pesticides were obtained
from EPA's repository in Las Vegas, Nevada. Standard solutions of metals
were obtained from J.T. Baker Chemical Co., Phillipsburg, NJ, and were
Instra-Analyzed quality. Dotriacontane was obtained from Alltech Associates,
Deerfield, Illinois, and was used as an internal standard to quantitate
petroleum hydrocarbons.
A part of our quality assurance procedures includes fortification of
samples of organisms and sediments with selected chemicals to evaluate the
entire analytical system during the period of time quantitative analyses
of test organisms and sediments are performed. Separate samples were
fortified with selected pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and metals.
Reagent and glassware blanks were analyzed to verify that the analytical
C-28
-------
system was not contaminated with chemical residues that could interfere
with quantisations.
Statistical Analyses
Residue data were analyzed according to guidance in the Implementation
Manual (EPA/CE, 1977).
Test for homogeneity of variance was performed to determine whether
variance of data sets were homogeneous. Then analysis of variance {ANOVA)
was used to compare mean tissue concentration in animals exposed to each
dredged material sample. When the calculated F-value exceeded the tabulated
value, the Student-Newman-Keuls multiple-range test was used to determine
which dredged material mean was significantly different from the Reference
mean. These ANOVA were performed by using Statistical Analysis System
(SAS) procedures (SAS Institute Inc., 1982).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Analyses of Pesticides and PCBs
We believe the results of spiked samples (Table 1} indicate that the
extraction and quantitation techniques were adequate for determining
concentrations of chemical residues in organisms and sediments used in
the bioaccumulation study. Results of reageant and glassware blank
analyses verified that residues of pesticides, PCBs, petroleum hydrocarbons,
metals, or other contaminants were not present prior to the analyses of
test organisms and sediments.
Prior to the bioaccumulation test, chemical analyses were performed
on replicate samples of each group of organisms and sediments. Results
of the analyses of organisms are shown in (Table 2), indicating that
residues of pesticides and PCBs were not present in concentrations above
the detection limits. Residues of pesticides or PCBs were not detected
C-29
-------
In replicate samples of reference sediment or sediments from Sites 1, 2,
or 3. Detection limits were the same as those shown in Table 2.
After exposure to the reference sediment or test sediment from Site
1, Site 2 and Site 3, for 10 days, organism tissues were analyzed.
Results (Tables 3-6) indicate that pesticides or PCBs did not accumulate
in tissues.
Analyses of Metals
Replicate samples of each group of organisms were analyzed for
selected metals before and after a 10-day bioaccumulation test. Results
from the pretest analyses are shown in Table 7, with method detection
limits given for each element. Concentrations of some elements could not
be quantitated because our instrument has limited capabilities and cannot
correct for interferences from high concentrations of some elements.
present in these samples. Results in Table 8 show that all sediment
samples contained some heavy metals.
Concentrations of selected metals in samples of oysters (Crassostrea
virginica) exposed for 10 days to a reference sediment and separate sedi-
ment samples from Sites 1, 2 and 3 are shown in Table 9. Test for
homogeneity of variances was performed on cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu),
nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). As results in Tables 10-13 show,
in all cases the calculated C-values were smaller than the tabulated
C-values at the 95-percent confidence level were considered homogenous.
Because the means of Cu concentrations in oysters exposed to sediment
from Sites 1, 2 and 3 were less than means of Cu concentrations in
oysters exposed to the reference sediment, no further analyses were
performed on copper. Analysis of varinace (ANOVA) of oyster bio-
accumulation data for Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn are shown in Tables 15-18. No
C-30
-------
significant differences were detected among the sites.
Concentrations of metals In samples of lugworms (Arem'cola crlstata)
exposed for 10 days to sediments from a reference site and separate
sediment samples from Sites 1, 2 and 3 are shown In Table 19. Results of
Tests for homogeneity of variance performed on Cd, chromium (Cr), Cu, Hg,
Ml, Pb, Zn residues In tissues are shown In Tables 20-26. Log transfor-
mations were necessary for Cu data only. Since mean concentrations of Cr
and Ml for sites were less than mean concentration of Cr and Ni In the
reference, no further statistical analyses were necessary for Cr, or NI
residues In lugworms.
Results from analyses of variance for Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn bio-
accumulation In lugworms are shown In Tables 27-31. Significant differences
were found for Cu, Pb, and Zn among sites. Student-Newman-Keuls multiple-
range test was then performed on bioaccumulation data for mean residue
concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn In lugworms to determine which mean
concentrations differed. Results of these analyses are given In Tables
32-34 and show that accumulation of copper and lead residues In lugworms
exposed to sediment from Site 2 were different from those residues accumu-
lated from the reference sediment. Residues of zinc accumulated In
lugworms exposed to sediment from Sites 2 and 3 were different from
residues accumulated from the reference sediment.
Concentrations of metals In samples of shrimp {Penaeu^ duorarum)
exposed for lOtdays to sediment from a reference site or sediments from
Sites 1, 2 or 3 are shown In Table 35. Results of Cochran's test for
homogenlety of variances performed on Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Zn, residues
detected In shrimp tissues are shown In Tables 36-40. Because of
similarity of means Table 36, or because means from the sites were less
C-31
-------
than means for the reference sediment, Tables 37-38 no further analyses
were necessary for Cd, Cr, Cu, and Hg residue data. For zinc data (Table
40), log transformation was necessary. Results from analysis of variance
of zinc data are shown in Table 41, and indicate no significant differences
among sites for bioaccumulation of Zn in tissues of shrimp.
Analyses of petroleum hycrocarbons
Concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon
analyses in tissues of organisms exposed to the reference sediment and
sediment from Sites 1, 2 and 3 are shown in Table 42. No significant
concentrations were detectable in any organism or sediment analyzed.
LITERATURE CITED
SAS Institute Inc. 1982. SAS Users Guide: Basies, 1982 edition.
SAS Institute, Cary, NC 923 pp.
Sawyer, L.O., 1978. Quantitation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues
by Electron Capture Gas-Liquid chromatography: collabortive study.
J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 61, 282-291.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Corps of Engineers Technical Committee
on Criteria for Dredged and Fill Material, "Ecological Evaluation of Proposed
Discharge of Dredged material Into Ocean Waters; implementation Manual
for Section 103 Public Law 92-532 (Marine Protection Research, and
Sanctuaries Act of 1972), "July 1977 (second Printing April 1978),
Environmental Effects Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineers Waterways
ff
Experimentation Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Warner, J.S., 1976. Determination of Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
in Marine Organisms. Analytical Chemistry, 48, No. 3, 578-583.
C-32
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Table 7. Analyses of duplicate samples of organisms for selected metals
determined as background residues before the organisms were
used In a bloaccumulation study with sediment from Pascagoula
Bay. Method detection limits for each element are given in
ng/g wet tissue weight.
Pre-test
Organism
Shrimp
Lugworm
Oyster
Concentrations
As
0.73
a
0.30
a
1.1
a
Cd_
0.015
0.074
0.016
0.049
0.068
0.32
Cr_
0.26
0.43
0.60
ND
0.15
0.31
in ug/g wet tissue weight
C£ H£
5.8 0.16
17 0.24
1.
3.
4.
7.
Method
0.20&
0.08QC
0.020
0.0080
0.15
0.060
0.
0.
1
1
4
8
0.11
0.15
0.064
0.17
Detection
030
012
0.20
0.080
Ni_
0.12
0.021
0.34
0.26
0.16
a
Limits
0.050
0.020
Pb
0
0
0
0
0
Se
.062
a
.13
a
.17
a
.15
.060
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
la
3.4
9.6
3.7
8.4
89
94
0.010
0.0040
a Interference from other metal(s) prevented accurate quantisation.
b Limits calculated for 10 ml final volume for sediments and all lugworms except
for pretest lugworms which were calculated for 4 mi final volume.
c Limits calculated with 4 ml final volume for all shrimp, oyster, and pretest
lugworms.
C-39
-------
Table 8. Concentrations of selected metals in sediment samples from
Pascagoula Bay test Sites 1, 2, and 3, and a reference site,
Sediment
Location
Reference
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Concentrations in ug/g
As
NDa
ND
ND
ND
Cd
ND
ND
ND
ND
Cr
26
29
43
42
Cu
11
8.7
15
9.9
H9
a
a
a
a
wet weight
Ni
11
10
14
13
Pb
47
46
75
89
Se
a
a
a
a
Zn
12
32
59
60
ND = not detected, see Table 3 for detection limits.
a Interference from other metals prevented accurate quantisation.
C-40
-------
Table 9. Concentrations of selected metals in samples of oysters used in
a bi©accumulation study with sediments from Pascagoula Bay test
Sites 1,2, and 3, and a reference site.
Sediment
Location
Reference
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Concentrations in pg/g
Replicate
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
As
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Cd
0.080
0.13
0.086
0.11
0.078
0.16
0.13
0.082
0.10
0.059
0.055
0.087
0.090
0.074
0.12
0.066
0.075
0.24
0.17
0.063
C_£
0.55
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Cu
5.2
5.2
3.1
2.4
1.6
1.1
3.5
4.4
2.6
1.3
0.89
2.2
2.4
2.3
4.4
2.2
1.6
3.5
6.3
2.3
Mi
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
wet tissue
Ni
0.022
ND
0.023
0.13
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.094
0.025
0.068
0.28
0.22
0.027
0.022
0.036
0.16
0.026
ND
ND
Pb
ND
0.083
0.089
0.15
0.062
0.10
0.099
ND
0.13
ND
ND
0.21
0.088
ND
0.080
0.096
0.14
0.11
0.13
0.13
Se
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
*
i
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Zn
55
77
34
31
24
19
43
55
40
20
17
33
35
36
64
42
25
66
94
34
a Interference from other metals prevented accurate quantitation,
ND = Not detected.
C-41
-------
Table 10. Statistical analysis of Cd (gg/g wet tissue) in samples of oysters
used In the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
{n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean, JT =
Sum of squared data,
EX2 =
CSS = Zx2 - (£X)2 =
n
Variance =
C = 0.006 = 0.60 C =
0.010
Reference
0.080
0.13
0.086
0.11
0.078
0.484
0.097
0.049
0.00 8
0.001
s2(max)
4 Where s^i
-2i
i = 1
1
0.16
0.13
0.082
0.10
0.059
0.531
0.106
0.063
0.006
0.002
is estimate
Sites
2
0.055
0.087
0.090
0.074
0.12
0.426
0.085
0.039
0.002
0.001
of variance of itn
3
0.066
0.075
0.24
0.17
0.063
0.614
0.123
0.100
0.025
0.006
site
Chi square (4, 4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C Is greater than tabulated chl square, use log transformation.
C-42
-------
Table 11. Statistical analysis of Cu (yg/g wet tissue) In samples of oysters
used 1n the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n • 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean , T =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS = Ex? - (EX)2 =
n
Variance =
Reference
5.2
5.2
3.1
2.4
1.6
17.5
3.50
72.0
10.76
2.69
1
1.1
3.5
4.4
2.6
1.3
12.9
2.58
41.3
7.99
2.00
Sites
2
0.89
2.2
2.4
2.3
4.4
12.2
2.44
36.0
6.32
1.58
3
2.2
1.6
3.5
6.3
2.3
15.9
3.18
64.6
14.07
3.52
The means for sites are smaller than mean for reference. No further analysis Is
necessary.
C-43
-------
Table 12. Statistical analysis of N1 (pg/g wet tissue) In samples of oysters
used In the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n » 5)
Reference
1 0.022
2 NO
3 0.023
4 0.13
5 NO
Sum of data, Ex = 0.175
Mean, X" = 0.058
Sum of squared data,
Ix2 = 0.018
CSS = Ex2 - (EX)2 = 0.008
n
Variance = 0.004
NO
NO
NO
0.094
0.025
0.119
0.60
0.009
0.002
0.002
Sites
0.068
0.28
0.22
0.027
0.022
0.617
0.123
0.133
0.056
0.014
0.036
0.16
0.026
NO
NO
0.222
0.074
0.028
0.011
0.006
C = 0.014/0.026 = 0.538
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C Is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are homogeneous
and transformation Is unnecessary.
C-44
-------
Table 13. Statistical analysis of Pb (ug/g wet tissue) in samples of oysters
used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex -
Mean , T =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS = Ex2 - (ZX)2 =
n
Variance =
Reference
ND
0.083
0.089
0.15
0.062
0.384
0.096
0.041
0.004
0.0014
1
0.10
0.099
NO
0.13
ND
0.329
0.110
0.037
0.001
0.0003
Sites
2
ND
0.21
0.088
ND
0.080
-.378
0.126
0.058
0.011
0.0053
3
0.096
0.14
0.11
0.13
0.13
0.606
0.121
0.075
0.001
0.003
C = 0.0053 = 0.724
0.0073
Chi square (2,4) = 0.7679
Since calculated C is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are homogeneous
and transformation is unnecessary.
C-45
-------
Table 14. Statistical analysis of Zn (yg/g wet tissue) in samples of oysters
used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, IK -
Mean, T »
Sum of squared data,
Reference
55
77
34
31
24
221
44.2
1
19
43
55
40
20
177
35.4
Sites
2
17
33
35
36
64
185
37.0
3
42
25
66
94
34
261
52.2
CSS = 1x2 - (£X)2
n
Variance -
11647
469.7
7235
242.3
7995
287.5
16737
778.2
778.2 = 0.438
177777
Chi square (4,4)
0.6287
Since calculated C is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are homogeneous
and transformation is unnecessary.
C-46
-------
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-------
Table 19. Concentration of selected metals in samples of lugworms used in
a bioaccumulation study with sediments from Pascagoula Bay test
Sites 1,2 and 3, and a reference site.
Sediment
Location
Reference
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Concentrations in pg/g wet tissue weight
Replicate
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
As
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Cd
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.060
0.040
0.030
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.050
0.050
0.060
0.050
0.040
0.060
0.058
0.050
0.040
0.040
0.040
Cr
6.5
2.9
1.4
5.8
2.5
0.86
1.3
1.1
0.70
1.8
1.2
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.0
0.90
1.0
1.0
1.1
£u.
6.5
3.5
2.3
5.2
2.0
1.0
0.60
0.80
0.96
1.1
9.0
9.0
15
10
12
0.40
1.0
0.70
1.0
1.1
M
0.50
0.57
0.39
0.35
0.39
0.49
0.47
0.43
0.56
0.44
0.37
0.62
0.62
0.32
0.37
0.46
0.35
0.42
0.35
0.57
Ni
4.0
1.3
0.40
3.5
1.3
NO
0.25
0.20
ND
0.63
0.35
0.50
0.40
0.50
0.50
0.25
0.15
0.10
0.18
0.20
Pb
1.1
1.0
1.9
1.9
1.6
2.6
2.0
2.2
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.4
4.1
2.2
2.4
2.8
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.8
Se
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Zn
4.6
5.7
6.0
4.3
5.6
5.1
4.6
4.7
5.5
6.0
7.0
6.6
6.4
6.9
8.7
5.8
6.5
6.4
6.2
6.0
a Interference from other metals prevented accurate quantisation.
ND = not detected.
C-51
-------
Table 20. Statistical analysis of Cd (ug/g wet tissue) in samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ix =
Mean , T =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS = Ex2 - (EX)2 *
n
Variance =
Reference
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.060
0.040
0.220
0.044
0.010
0.00032
0.00008
1
0.030
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.050
0.200
0,040
0.008
0.00020
0.00005
Sites
2
0.050
0.060
0.050
0.040
0.060
0.260
0.052
0.014
0.0028
0.00007
3
0.058
0.050
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.228
0.046
0.011
0.00027
0.00007
C = 0.00008 = 0.296
0.00027
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is greater than tabulated Chi square, variances are
homogeneous and transformation is unnecessary.
C-52
-------
Table 21. Statistical analysis of Cr (vg/g wet tissue) in samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Repl icate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean, T =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS = Ex* - (EX)2 =
n
Variance =
Reference
6.5
2.9
1.4
5.8
2.5
19.1
3.82
92.5
19.5
4.887
1
0.86
1.3
1.1
0.70
1.8
5.76
1.15
7.37
0.73
0.184
Sites
2
1.2
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.3
6.2
1.24
7. 7
0.05
0.013
3
1.0
0.90
1.0
1.0
1.1
5.0
1.0
5.02
0.02
0.005
Means for sites are smaller than mean for reference, no further analysis is
necessary.
C-53
-------
Table 22. Statistical analysis of Cu (ug/g wet tissue) in samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex *
Mean, 7 =
Sum of squared data,
1x2 =
CSS » ZX2 - (ZX)2 =
n
Variance -
Reference
6.5
3.5
2.3
5.2
2.0
19.5
3.9
90.83
14.78
3.695
1
1.0
0.60
0.80
0.96
1.1
4.46
0.892
4.13
0.15
0.038
Sites
2
9.0
9.0
15
10
12
55.0
11.0
631.0
26.0
6.500
. 3—
0.40
1.0
0.70
1.0
1.1
4.2
0.840
3.86
0.332
0.083
C = 6.50 = o.630
10.316
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is greater than tabulated Chi square, use log
transformation.
C-54
-------
Table 23. Statistical analysis of Hg (yg/g wet tissue) in samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n - 5)
I
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean, T =
Sum of squared data,
£ X^ =
CSS « Ex2 - (EX) 2 =
n
Variance =
Reference
0.50
0.57
0.39
0.35
0.39
2.20
0.440
1.00
0.034
0.008
1
0.49
0.47
0.43
0.56
0.44
2.39
0.478
1.15
0.011
0.003
Sites
2
0.37
0.62
0.62
0.32
0.37
2.30
0.460
1.15
0.087
0.022
3
0.46
0.35
0.42
0.35
0.57
2.15
0.430
0.96
0.003
0.008
C = 0.022 . 0.537
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are homogeneous
and transformation is unnecessary.
C-55
-------
Table 24. Statistical analysis of N1 (yg/g wet tissue) 1n samples of
lugworms used In the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Zx *
Mean, T =
Sum of squared data,
EX2 =
CSS = Ex2 - (£X)2 *
n
Variance =
Reference
4.0
1.3
0.40
3.5
1.3
10.5
2.1
31.79
9.74
2.435
1
ND
0.25
0.20
ND
0.63
1.08
0.360
0.499
0.111
0.055
Sites
2
0.35
0.50
0.40
0.50
0.50
2.25
0.450
1.03
0.02
0.005
3
0.25
0.15
0.10
0.18
0.20
0.88
0.176
0.17
0.013
0.003
Means for sites are smaller than mean for Reference, no further analysis 1s
necessary.
C-56
-------
Table 25. Statistical analysis of Pb (yg/g wet tissue) 1n samples of
lugworms used In the Pascagoula Bay study.
Rep! 1cate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean , T =
Sum of squared data,
Zx2 =
CSS = £x2 - (ZX)2 =
n
Variance »
Reference
1.1
1.0
1.9
1.9
1.6
7.5
1.50
12.0
0.74
0.185
1
2.6
2.0
2.2
1.6
1.9
10.3
2.06
21.8
0.552
0.138
Sites
2
2.1
2.4
4.1
2.2
2.4
13.2
2.6
37.6
2.73
0.683
3
2.8
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.8
9.7
1.94
19.8
1.01
0.253
C = 0.683 a o.542
T7259
Ch1 square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C Is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are homogeneous
and transformation Is unnecessary.
C-57
-------
Table 26. Statistical analysis of Zn (ug/g wet tissue) 1n samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Repl icate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean , IT a
Sum of squared data,
Sx2 =
CSS = Zx2 - (£X)2 =
n
Variance =
Reference
4.6
5.7
6.0
4.3
5.6
26.2
5.24
139.5
2.21
0.553
1
5.1
4.6
4.7
5.5
6.0
25.9
5.18
135.5
1.35
0.337
Sites
2
7.0
6.6
6.4
6.9
8.7
35.6
7.12
256.8
3.35
0.837
3
5.8
6.5
6.4
6.2
6.0
30.9
6.18
191.3
0.33
0.082
C = 0.837 = 0.463
O59
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are homogeneous
and transformation is unnecessary.
C-58
-------
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Table 32. Comparison of mean concentrations of Cu 1n samples of lugworms from
sample sites with mean concentrations of Cu in lugworms from
reference sediments.
SA =o
0.047
At the alpha «• 0.05 level,
Q
s*
LSR = QS*
2
3.00 3.
0.047 0.
0.141 0.
3 4
65 4.05
047 0.047
172 0.191
Treatment means from computer printout
K
2
Site 3 Site 1
0.260 0.275
Mean Compari
LSR Difference
0.141 Site 2-Ref
Ref Site 2
0.663 1.072
son
between means
* 1.072-0.663 = 0.409*
Note: * indicates significant difference at alpha = 0.05
Data were transformed prior to analysis.
C-64
-------
Table 33. Comparison of mean Pb concentrations in samples of lugworms from
sample sites with mean Pb concentrations in lugworms from reference
sediments.
1.314759 = 0.2517
S* -MWE
n
At the alpha - 0.05 level,
LSR = QSX
3.00
0.251
0.753
3.65
0.251
0.916
4.05
0.251
1.016
Treatment means from computer printout
Ref Site 3 Site 1 Site 2
1.50
1.94 2.06
Mean Comparison
2.6
1C
2
3
4
LSR
Difference between means
0.753 Site 3-Ref = 1.94-1.50 = 0.44 n.s
0.916 Site 1-Ref = 2.06-1.50 * 0.56 n.s
1.016 Site 2-Ref = 2.6-1.50 = 1.1 *
Note: * indicates significant difference at alpha = 0.05
Data were transformed prior to analysis.
C-65
-------
Table 34. Comparison of mean Zn concentrations in samples of lugworms from sample
sites with mean Zn concentrations in lugworms from reference sediment.
Sx
*\\MSE
(.4523 = 0.301
At the alpha = 0.05 level,
Q
Sx
LSR = QSX
K
2
3
2 3
3.00 3.65
0.301 0.301
0.902 1.098
Treatment means from computer
Site 1 Ref Site 3
5,18 5.24 6.18
Mean Comparison
LSR Difference between
0.902 Site 3-Ref = 6.18-5
1.098 Site 2-Ref = 7.12-5
4
4.05
0.301
1.218
printout
Site 2
7.12
means
.24 = 0.94 *
.24 = 1.88 *
Note: * indicates significant difference at alpha - 0.05
C-66
-------
Table 35. Concentrations of selected metals in samples of shrimp used in a
bioaccumulation study with sediments from Pascagoula Bay test Sites
2 and 3, and a reference site.
Sediment
Location
Reference
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Concentrations in ug/cj wet tissue weight
Replicate
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
As
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Cd
0.020
0.051
0.043
0.043
0.061
0.042
0.049
0.043
0.048
0.043
0.051
0.056
0.040
0.040
0.033
0.043
0.040
0.053
0.032
0.047
Cr
0.13
0.21
0.24
0.60
0.58
0.25
0.23
0.27
0.23
0.19
0.33
0.20
0.24
0.19
0.18
0,21
0.64
0.17
0.21
0.43
Cu
8.0
19
16
12
20
11
14
13
11
14
13
13
9.8
13
8
12
12
15
12
1.1
Hg_
0.15
0.38
0.41
0.38
0.30
0.32
0.25
0.23
0.17
0.26
0.22
0.19
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.088
0.086
0.14
0.18
0.36
Ni
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
«
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Pb
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Se
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Zn
3.4
7.7
6.6
7.1
8.5
6.8
7.4
7.4
6.4
7.8
8.0
7.7
7.8
7.3
6.4
6.0
6.9
6.6
7.8
6.0
a Interference from other metals prevented accurate quantitation,
C-67
-------
Table 36. Statistical analysis of Cd (wg/g wet tissue) In samples of shrimp
used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Repl icate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ix =
Mean , T «
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 *
CSS « Ex2 - (ZX)2 =
n
Variance =
Reference
0.020
0.051
0.043
0.043
0.061
0.218
0.044
0.010
0.009
0.00022
1
0.042
0.049
0.043
0.048
0.043
0.225
0.045
0.010
0.00004
0.00001
Sites
2
0.051
0.056
0.040
0.040
0.033
0.220
0.044
0.010
0.00035
0.00009
3
0.043
0.040
0.053
0.032
0.047
0.215
0.043
0.098
0.00025
0.00006
Because of similarity of means, no analysis deemed necessary.
C-68
-------
Table 37. Statistical analysis of Cr (vg/g wet tissue) 1n samples of shrimp
used In the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n = 5)
I
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean, T *
Sum of squared data,
Ex2-
CSS • Ex2 - (EX) 2 =
n
Variance «
Reference
0.13
0.21
0.24
0.60
0.58
1.76
0.352
0.815
0.195
0.049
1
0.25
0.23
0.27
0.23
0.19
1.17
0.234
0.277
0.004
0.001
Sites
2
0.33
0.20
0.24
0.19'
0.18
1.14
0.228
0.275
0.015
0.004
3
0.21
0.64
0.17
0.21
0.43
1.66
0.332
0.712
0.160
0.040
Means for sites are smaller than mean for reference, no further analysis 1s
necessary.
C-69
-------
Table 38. Statistical analysis of Cu (ug/g wet tissue) 1n samples of shrimp
used 1n the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
{n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, £x -
Mean t T =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS = Zx2 - (EX) 2 *
n
Variance «
Reference
8.0
19
16
12
20
75.0
15.0
1225
100
25
1
11
14
13
11
14
63
12.6
803
9.2
2.3
Sites
2
13
13
9.8
13
8
56.8
11.36
667
21.8
5.448
3
12
12
15
12
1.1
52.1
10.42
658
115.3
28.8
Means for sites are smaller than mean for reference, no further analysis 1s
necessary.
C-70
-------
Table 39. Statistical analysis of Hg (ug/g wet tissue) 1n samples of shrimp
used 1n the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean , T »
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS = Ex* - (£X)2 =
n
Variance =
Reference
0.15
0.38
0.41
0.38
0.30
1.62
0.324
0.57
0.045
0.011
1
0.32
0.25
0.23
0.17
0.26
1.23
0.246
0.31
0012
0.0029
Sites
2
0.22
0.19
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.94
0.188
0.18
0 001
0.0005
3
0.088
0.086
0.14
0.18
0.36
0.854
0.171
0.197
0.051
0.0127
Means for sites are smaller than mean for reference, no further analysis Is
necessary.
C-71
-------
Table 40. Statistical analysis of Zn (ug/g wet tissue) 1n samples of shrimp
used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n » 5).
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean , T =
Sum of squared data,
zx2 =
CSS = Ex* - (ZX)2 *
n
Variance =
Reference
3.4
7.7
6.6
7.1
8.5
33.3
6.66
237.1
15.29
3.823
1
6.8
7.4
7.4
6.4
7.8
35.8
7.16
257.6
1.23
0.308
Sites
2
8.0
7.7
7.8
7.3
• 6.4
37.2
7.44
278.4
1.61
0.403
3
6.0
6.9
6.6
7.8
6.0
33.3
6.66
224.0
2.23
0.558
C = 3.823 - 0.751
chl square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C 1s greater than tabulated Chi square, use log transformation.
C-72
-------
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C-74
-------
CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SEDIMENT FROM SITES 4, 5 and 6
IN THE PASCAGOULA, MISSISSIPPI, CHANNEL
AND TISSUES OF MARINE ORGANISMS EXPOSED TO THE SEDIMENT
Prepared by:
Analytical Chemistry Section of
The Aquatic Toxicology Branch
James C. Moore, Section Chief
E.M. Lores, Research Chemist
and Christine Deans, Ph.D. Statistician,
Computer Sciences Corporation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
Submitted To:
Susan Ivester Rees, PD-EC
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Mobile District
109 St. Joseph Street
Mobile, Alabama 36628-0001
In partial fulfillment of:
IAG RW96932347-01-0
Preliminary Report: September 1987
Final Report:
C-75
-------
ABSTRACT
Chemical analyses were performed on sediments from Sites 4, 5, and 6
in the Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel and on three types of marine
organisms exposed to these sediment samples during a 10-day bioaccumu-
lation test conducted by the Dredged Materials Research Team of the Gulf
Breeze Laboratory. Five replicates of each sediment and type of organism
were analyzed for residues of selected chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides,
PCBs, chlorpyrifos (Dursban), petroleum hydrocarbons, and 9 heavy metals.
The purpose of the chemical analyses was to determine if residues were
detectable in the sediment and if they accumulated in tissues of organisms
exposed to the sediment. Samples of each type of organism and sediment
were analyzed prior to use in a bioaccumulation test.
Residues of selected pesticides or PCBs were not detected in sedi-
ments or animal tissues before or after exposure, but several metals were
detected in sediments and in tissues of organisms before and after exposure.
Using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 0.05 significance level, con-
centrations of metals in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and shrimp
(Penaeus duorarum) exposed to sediment from Sites 4, 5, or 6 were not
significantly different from concentrations of metals in animals exposed
to the reference sediment. In lugworms (Arenicola cristata). con-
centrations of arsenic and zinc were significantly higher in animals
exposed to sediment from Sites 5 and 6 than concentrations of these
>v
metals in aningls exposed to the reference sediment. Student-Newman-Kuels
test was used to determine which sites were different from the reference
sediment.
Petroleum hydrocarbon residues were detected in tissues of some lug-
worms, oysters, and shrimp, but there were no statistically significant
C-76
-------
differences between tissue residues from animals exposed to Sites 4, 5, or
6 or reference sediment.
C-77
-------
INTRODUCTION
In accord with an agreement between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(CE), Mobile District, and EPA's Gulf Breeze Environmental Research
Laboratory (ERL/GB), chemical analyses were performed on sediment from
Sites 4, 5, and 6 In the Pascagoula, Mississippi, Channel and on three
species of marine organisms exposed to these sediments during a 10-day
bloaccumulatlon test. Five replicates of each sediment and organism were
analyzed for the following chemical residues: PCBs, selected chlorinated
hydrocarbon pesticides, chlorpyrifos (Dursban), selected heavy metals,
and two petroleum hydrocarbon fractions (aliphatic and aromatic). These
analyses were performed on sediments and organisms before the bioaccumulation
test and on organisms after a bioaccumulation test. Chemical analyses
were performed by gas-liquid chromatography for pesticides, PCBs, and
petroleum hydrocarbons, and inductively coupled argon plasma emission
spectroscopy (ICAP) for heavy metals. Methods of chemical analyses were
modified and validated at ERL/GB, except for the petroleum hydrocarbon
method. This method was used as recommended by the U.S. EPA/Corps of
Engineers Implementation Manual {EPA/CE, 1977).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Test Sediments and Animals
Samples of sediments and test organisms were obtained from the ERL/GB
Dredged Materials Research Team prior t»iinitiation of the bioaccumulation
*-
test. Locations of test sediment collection sites, the reference site,
and a description of experimental designs and test methods, were reported
in a separate document. After the 10-day exposure period, five replicates
of each test organism from each test sediment, and the reference sediment,
were collected and maintained at approximately-4°C until chemical analyses
C-78
-------
were performed.
Methods of Chemical Analyses
A. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides and PCBs
Tissue samples were weighed Into a 150-mm by 25-mm screw-top test
tube and homogenized three times with 10 ml of acetonitrile with a
Willems Polytron Model PT 20-ST (Brinkman Instruments, Westbury, NY).
Following each homogenization, the test tube was centrifuged (1600x g)
and the liquid layer decanted into a 120-ml oil sample bottle. Seventy-
five ml of a 2% (w/v) aqueous sodium sulfate and 10 ml of petroleum ether
were added to the bottle and the contents shaken for 1 minute. After the
layers separated, the solvent was pipetted into a 25-ml concentrator
tube and the extraction with petroleum ether was repeated two more times.
The combined solvent extract was concentrated to 1 ml on a nitrogen
evaporator in preparation for cleanup.
Cleanup columns were prepared by adding 3 g of PR-grade florisil
(stored at 130°C) and 2 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate (powder) to a
200-mm by 9-mm i.d. Chromaflex column (Kontes Glass Co., Vineland,
NJ) and rinsing with 20 ml of hexane. Tissue and sediment extracts were
transferred to the column with two additional 2-ml volumes of hexane.
Pesticides and PCBs were eluted with 20 ml of 5% (v/v) diethyl ether in
hexane.
Quantisations of pesticides were made with external standard methods.
A
All standards #ere obtained from the EPA pesticide repository. PCB
reference standard, obtained from U.S. EPA Chemical Repository, Washington,
DC, was described by Sawyer (1978). Analyses were performed on a Hewlett-
Packard Model 5710 gas chromatograph equipped with a 63N1 electron-capture
detector. Separations were performed by using a 182-cm by 2-mm i.d. glass
C-79
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column packed with 2% SP2100 (Supelco, Inc., Bellefonte, PA) on 80-100
mesh Supelcoport. Other gas chromatographlc parameters were: flow rate
of the 10% methane-in-argon carrier gas, 25 ml/min; column temperature,
190°C; inlet temperature, 200°C, and detector temperature, 300°C.
Recoveries of PCBs and pesticides from spiked samples and detection
limits for pesticides and petroleum hydrocarbons are shown in Table 1.
Results are reported to two significant figures in Tables 2 through 2d,
as our methods allow.
B. Heavy Metals
One to two grams of tissue or sediment were weighed into a 40 ml
reaction vessel. Five ml of concentrated nitric acid (Baker Chemical Instra-
Analyzed) were added and the samples digested for 2 to 4 h at 70°C in a tube
heater. Digestion was continued, with vessels capped, for 48 h at 70°C.
After digestion, samples were transferred to 15-ml tubes and diluted to 10 ml
for aspiration into a Jarrell-Ash AtomComp 800 Series inductively-coupled
argon-plasma emission spectrometer (ICP). This instrument acquires data for
15 elements simultaneously. Method detection limits for each element are
given in Table 3 and are based on wet weight analyses. No detectable
residues could be found in method blanks. A solution of ten percent nitric
acid/distilled water was analyzed between samples to prevent carryover of
residues from one sample to the next. Standards were used to calibrate the
instrument initially and adjustments were made when necessary. Concentrations
A
are reported i* two significant figures as our method allows, and were not
corrected for percentage recovery.
C. Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Ten grams of tissue or sediment were weighed into culture tubes and
extracted as described by J.S. Warner (1976). Sample extracts were
c-80
-------
concentrated to approximately 0.50 ml for gas chromatographic analyses.
Analyses were performed on a Hewlett Packard gas chromatograph (GC)
equipped with flame ionization detection. Separations were performed by
using a 182-cm by 2-mm i.d. glass column packed with 3% OV101 on 100/120
mesh Supelcoport. Helium carrier gas was used at a flow of 30 mfc/min.
Quality Assurance of Chemical Analyses
All standards used for quantisations of pesticides were obtained
from EPA's repository in Las Vegas, Nevada. Standard solutions of metals
were obtained from J.T. Baker Chemical Co., Phillipsburg, NJ, and were
Instra-Analyzed quality. Dotriacontane was obtained from Alltech Associates,
Deerfield, Illinois, and was used as an internal standard to quantitate
petroleum hydrocarbons.
A part of our quality assurance procedures includes fortification of
samples of organisms and sediments with selected chemicals to evaluate the
entire analytical system during the period of time quantitative analyses
of test organisms and sediments are performed. Separate samples were
fortified with selected pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and metals.
Reagent and glassware blanks were analyzed to verify that the analytical
system was not contaminated with chemical residues that could interfere
with quantitations.
Statistical Analyses
Residue data were analyzed according to guidance in the Implementation
A
Manual (EPA/CE*. 1977).
Test was performed to determine whether variance of data sets were
homogeneous. Then analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare mean
tissue concentration in animals exposed to each dredged material sample.
When the calculated F-value exceeded the tabulated value, the Student-
C-81
-------
Newman-Keuls multiple-range test was used to determine which dredged
material mean was significantly different from the Reference mean. Thee
ANOVA procedures were performed by using Statistical Analysis System
(SAS) procedures (SAS Institute Inc. 1982).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Analyses of Pesticides and PCBs
During these analyses, only oysters (Crassostrea virglm'ca) were
available In sufficient numbers to allow them to be used for spiking.
However, we believe the results of spiked samples (Table 1) Indicate that
the extraction and quantisation techniques were adequate for determining
concentrations of chemical residues In organisms and sediments used In
the bloaccumulatlon study. Results of reageant and glassware blank
analyses verified that residues of pesticides, PCBs, petroleum hydro-
carbons, metals, or other contaminants were not present prior to the
analyses of test organisms and sediments.
Prior to the bloaccumulatlon test, chemical analyses were performed
on samples of each group of organism and sediments. Results (Table 2)
Indicate that residues of pesticides and PCBs were not present In con-
centrations above the detection limits. Residues of pesticides or PCBs
were not detected In replicate samples of reference sediments or sediments
from Sites 4, 5 or 6. Detection limits were the same as those In Table 2.
After exposure to the reference serfdment or test sediment from Site
*•
4, Site 5, and Site 6 for 10 days, organism tissues were analyzed.
Results (Table 2-6) Indicate that pesticides or PCBs did not accumulate
1n tissues.
C-82
-------
Analyses of Metals
Replicate samples of each group of organisms were analyzed for selected
metals before and after a 10-day bloaccumulatlon test. Results from the
pretest analyses are shown In Table 7 with method detection limits given
for each element. Concentrations of some elements could not be quantltated
because our Instrument has limited capabilities and cannot correct for
Interferences from high concentrations of some elements present in these
samples. Results in Table 8 show that all sediment samples contained
some heavy metals.
Concentrations of selected metals in samples of oysters exposed for
10 days to a reference sediment and sediment samples from Sites 4, 5, and
6 are shown in Table 9. Test for homogeneity of variances was performed
on cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn).
Results in Tables 10-16 show that calculated C-values were greater than
the tabulated C-values at the 95-percent confidence level for arsenic (AS)
and chromium (Cr); therefore the variances were not considered homogenous.
However, except for Pb, means of all elemental concentrations in oysters
exposed to sediment from Sites 4, 5, and 6 were similar to means of these
elemental concentrations in oysters exposed to the reference sediment.
Therefore, no further statistical analyses were performed. Analysis of
varinace (ANOVA) of oyster bioaccumulation data for lead is shown in
Table 17. No significant differences were detected for Pb at the 0.05
•\
alpha level. «.
Concentrations of metals in samples of lugworms (Arenicola cristata)
exposed for 10 days to sediments from a reference site and separate sedi-
ment samples from Sites 4, 5, and 6 were shown in Table 18. Results of
test for homogeneity of variance are shown in Tables 19-26. Because the
C-83
-------
means of elemental concentrations in tissues of lugworms exposed to sedi-
ment from Site 4, 5, or 6 are similar to concentrations in a reference
sediment, no further statistical analyses were performed for Cr or
mercury (Hg).
Results from analyses of variance for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn
bioaccumulation in lugworms are shown in Tables 27 through 33. Significant
differences were found for As and Zn at the 0.05-alpha level. Student-
Newman-Keuls multiple-range test was then performed on bioaccumulation
data for mean residue concentrations of As and Zn to determine which mean
concentrations differed. Results of these analyses (Tables 34 for As and
Table 35 for Zn show that accumulation of residues in lugworms exposed to
sediment from each site (4, 5 or 6) were different from those residues
accumulated from the reference sediment.
Concentrations of metals in samples of shrimp (Penaeus duorarum)
exposed for 10 days to sediment from the reference site or sediments from
Sites 4, 5, or 6 are shown in Table 36. Results of test for homogeniety
of variances performed on As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn residues detected in
shrimp tissues are shown in Tables 42-47. Because of similarity of
concentrations means or because means from the sites were less than means
for the reference sediment no further analyses were necessary for Hg.
Log transformation was necessary for As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn data. Results
from analysis of variance of As, Cd, and Zn data are shown in Tables
A
48-52, and indicate no significant differences among sites for bio-
accumulation of Zn in tissues of shrimp.
Analyses of petroleum hycrocarbons
Concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon
analyses in tissues of organisms exposed to the reference sediment and
C-84
I
-------
sediment from Sites 4, 5, and 6 are shown in Table 48. Because residues
of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons were detected in animals exposed
to the reference sediment, and because the concentrations were less than
3.4 ug/g, we believe this does not indicate bioconcentration potential.
ANOVA without transformation of data for lack of homogeniety did not
indicate any significant differences of sites from reference. However,
this may be due to insufficient numbers of data points because most
samples did not contain detectable petroleum hydrocarbon residues. Other
statistical analyses may be more appropriate, considering numbers of
samples and variances. The results, however, would probably be the same.
LITERATURE CITED
SAS Institute Inc. 1982. SAS Users Guide: Basics, 1982 edition.
SAS Institute, Cary, NC 923 pp.
Sawyer, L.D., 1978. Quantisation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues
by Electron Capture Gas-Liquid chromatography: coll abortive study.
J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 61, 282-291.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Corps of Engineers Technical Committee
on Criteria for Dredged and Fill Material, "Ecological Evaluation of Proposed
Discharge of Dredged material Into Ocean Waters; implementation Manual
for Section 103 Public Law 92-532 (Marine Protection Research, and
Sanctuaries Act of 1972), "July 1977 ^second Printing April 1978),
Environmental Effects Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineers Waterways
Experimentation Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Warner, J.S., 1976. Determination of Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
in Marine Organisms. Analytical Chemistry, 48, No. 3, 578-583.
C-85
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C-91
-------
Table 7. Concentrations of selected metals In tissues of organisms that
were determined as background residues before the organisms were
used in a bioaccumulation study with Pascagoula Bay sediments.
Method detection limits for each element is given in pg/g wet
tissue weight.
Pre-Test
Organism
Shrimp
Lugworm
Oyster
Concentrations
As
0.73
a
0.30
a
1.1
a
Cd
0.015
0.074
0.016
0.049
0.068
0.32
Cr
0.26
0.43
0.60
ND
0.15
0.31
Cu
5.8
17
1.1
3.1
4.4
7.8
in ug/g wet tissue weight
Ha
0.16
0.24
0.11
0.15
0.064
0.17
Method Detection
Ni
0.12
0.021
0.34
0.26
0.16
a
Limits
Pb
0.062
a
0.13
a
0.17
a
Se
a
a
a
a
a
a
In
3.4
9.6
3.7
8.4
89
94
0.020 0.15 0.030 0.20 0.050 0.15 a 0.010
0.080C 0.0080 0.060 0.012 0.080 0.020 0.060 a 0.0040
a Interference from other metal(s) prevented accurate quantisation.
b Limits calculated for 10 ml final volume for sediments and all lugworms
except for pretest lugworms which were calculated for 4 me, final volume.
c Limits calculated with 4 ml final volume for all shrimp, oyster, and pretest
lugworm organisms.
C-92
-------
Table 8. Concentrations of selected metals in sediment samples from
a reference site and test Sites 4, 5, and 6 from Pascagoula
Bay.
Sediment
Location
Reference
Site 4
Site 5
Site 6
Concentrations in ug/g wet weight
As Cd Cr Cu H£ Ni Pb Se Zn
NO* NO 26 11 a 11 47 a 12
ND 1.0 32 13 a 17 < 11 a 71
< 220 1.0 23 12 a 12 < 77 a 60
< 180 0.87 27 13 a 14 < 67 a 69
ND - not detected, see Table 7 for detection limits.
a Interference from other metals prevented accurate quantisation.
C-93
-------
Table 9. Concentrations of selected metals in samples of oysters used in
a bioaccumulation study with sediments from test Sites 4, 5, and
6 from Pascagoula Bay, and a reference site.
Sediment
Location
Reference
Site 4
Site 5
Site 6
Concentrations i
Replicate As
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
95
3
1
0
3
1
1
1
1
2
27
19
23
27
23
26
21
20
21
25
Cd
0.12
0.16
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.17
0.041
0.029
0.032
0.044
0.040
0.034
0.042
0.032
0.032
0.039
Cr
0.21
0.49
0.29
0.29
0.28
0.33
0.33
0.29
0.32
0.41
0.079
0.066
0.070
0.076
0.072
0.074
0.085
0.066
0.074
0.074
Cu
5.5
9.4
5.9
6.0
5.5
5.3
5.4
4.9
5.2
8.0
1.6
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.7
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.5
n pg/g wet tissue weight
Ha
0.68
0.50
0.27
0.28
0.38
0.32
0.26
0.35
0.38
0.32
0.050
0.054
0.034
0.045
0.057
0.059
0.044
0.047
0.041
0.032
Ni
0.15
0.15
0.19
0.23
0.26
0.20
0.26
0.16
0.16
0.26
0.042
0.030
0.034
0.044
0.050
0.042
0.044
0.041
0.049
0.052
Pb
0.79
0.96
0.60
0.57
0.57
0.66
0.75
0.73
0.70
1.2
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Se
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Zn
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
55
29
38
41
35
54
34
41
39
39
a Interference from other metals prevented accurate quantisation.
NO = not detected.
C-94
-------
Table 10. Statistical analysis of arsenic (ug/g wet tissue) In samples of
oysters used In the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean T =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS = E x2 - (EX)2
n
Variance
C = 0.027 « 0.0876
Reference
0.95
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.3
5.65
1.13
6.49
0.108
0.027
C=s2(max)
4
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
5.60
1.12
6.28
0.0080
0.0020
Sites
5
0.27
0.19
0.23
0.27
0.23
1.19
0.238
0.287
0.00448
0.00112
6
0.26
0.21
0.20
0.21
0.25
1.13
0.226
0.258
0.00292
0.00073
0.0308 4 Where s21 is estimate of variance of 1th
S21
1 = 1
Chi square (4,4) - 0.6287
Since calculated C Is greater than tabulated Chi square, variances are not homogeneous,
use log transformation.
Since means for Sites are less than Reference mean, no further analyses necessary.
C-95
-------
Table 11. Statistical analysis of cadmium (yg/g wet tissue) In samples of
oysters used In the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Zx =
Mean, T =
Sum of squared data,
zx2 =
v^O ~ ** X ~ C jj A ) ~
n
Variance =
Reference
0.12
0.16
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.680
0.136
0.0934
0.00092
0.00023
4
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.17
0.710
0.142
0.101
0.00108
0.00027
Sites
5
0.041
0.029
0.032
0.044
0.040
0.186
0.0372
0.00708
0.00016
0.00004
6
0.034
0.042
0.032
0.032
0.039
0.179
0.0358
0.00649
0.00008
0.00002
C « 0.00027 - 0.482
0.00056
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are homogeneous and
transformation is unnecessary. Because of similarity in means, no further analysis
necessary.
C-96
-------
Table 12. Statistical analysis of chromium (ug/g wet tissue) In samples of
oysters used In the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, IK -
Mean J =
Sum of aquared data,
Ex2 -
UOO ™ it A "™ J^iLt A /
n
Variance =
Reference
0.21
0.49
0.29
0.29
0.28
1.56
0.312
0.530
0.044
0.011
4
0.33
0.33
0.29
0.32
0.41
1.68
0.336
0.572
0.00792
0.00198
Sites '
5
0.079
0.066
0.070
0.076
0.072
0.363
0.0726
0.0264
0.00010
0.00003
6
0.074
0.085
0.066
0.074
0.074
0.373
0.0746
0.0280
0.00018
0.00005
C - 0.0110 . 0.846
0.0130
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is greater than tabulated Chi square, variances are not homogeneous,
use log transformation. Because of similarity in means, no further analysis necessary.
C-97
-------
Table 13. Statistical analysis of copper (ug/g wet tissue) in samples of
oysters used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n - 5}
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean IT =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 »
CSS = Ex* -Mil
n
Variance =
Reference
5.5
9.4
5.9
6.0
5.5
32.3
6.46
219.67
11.01
2.75
4
5.3
5.4
4.9
5,2
8.0
28.8
5.76
172.3
6.412
1.603
Sites
5
1.6
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
6.00
1.20
7.42
0.220
0.055
6
1.7
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.5
6.6
1.32
9.00
0.288
0.072
The means for sites are less than mean for reference, therefore no further
analysis necessary.
C-98
-------
Table 14. Statistical analysis of mercury (yg/g wet tissue) in samples of
oysters used In the Pascagoula Bay study.
Repl icate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, zx =
Mean T =
Sum of squared data*
zx2 =
CSS * Ex2 - (£X)2
n
Variance =
Reference
0.68
0.50
0.27
0.28
0.38
2.11
0.422
1.008
0.117
0.029
4
0.32
0.26
0.35
0.38
0.32
1.63
0.326
0.539
0.00792
0.00198
Sites
5
0.050
0.054
0.034
0.045
0.057
0.240
0.0480
0.0118
0.00033
0.00008
6
0.059
0.044
0.047
0.041
0.032
0.223
0.0446
0.01030
0.0009
0.00010
Means for sites are less than means for reference; therefore no further
analysis necessary.
C-99
-------
Table 15. Statistical analysis of nickel (yg/g wet tissue) in samples of
oysters used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Repl icate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean T =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS * Ex* - (EX) 2
n
Variance =
Reference
0.15
0.15
0.19
0.23
0.26
0.980
0.196
0.201
0.00952
0.00238
4
0.20
0.26
0.16
0.16
0.26
1.04.
0.208
0.226
0.100
0.00252
Sites
5
0.042
0.030
0.034
0.044
0.050
0.200
0.0400
0.00826
0.00026
0.00006
6
0.042
0.044
0.041
0.049
0.052
0.228
0.0456
0.0104
0.00009
0.00002
c s 0.00252 = 0.506
0.00498
Chi square (4, 4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are homogeneous and
transformation is unnecessary. Because of similarity of means, no further analysis
necessary.
C-100
-------
Table 16. Statistical analysis of lead (ug/g wet tissue) In samples of
oysters used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Repl icate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ix =
Mean X" =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS = 2x2 - (EX) 2
n
Variance =
Reference
0.79
0.96
0.60
0.57
0.57
3.49
0.698
2.55
0.119
0.0298
Sites
456
0.66
0.75
0.73
0.70
1.2
4.04
0.808
3.46
0.196
0.049
C = 0.0493 . o.621
0.0788
Chi square (2, 4) •
0.7679
Since calculated C is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are homogeneous and
transformation is unnecessary.
C-101
-------
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C-102
-------
Table 18. Concentrations of selected metals In samples of lugworms used in
a bioaccumulation study with Pascagoula Bay sediments from test
Sites 4, 5 and 6, and a reference site.
Sediment
Location
Reference
Site 4
Site 5
Site 6
Concentrations in ug/g wet tissue weight
Replicate
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
As
0.36
0.57
0.58
0.62
0.78
0.79
0.71
0.81
0.75
0.67
0.86
0.76
0.72
0.67
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.61
0.84
0.75
Cd
0.025
0.031
0.038
0.042
0.036
0.046
0.042
0.031
0.027
0.031
0.031
0.029
0.040
0.024
0.025
0.027
0.031
0.033
0.031
0.033
Cr
0.48
0.30
0.37
0.53
0.74
0.46
0.47
0.44
0.42
0.43
0.50
0.41
0.50
0.32
0.36
0.45
0.55
0.55
0.39
0.47
Cu
3.8
2.8
2.0
2.9
2.6
3.2
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.7
3.8
2.5
4.7
2.1
3.0
2.7
2.9
2.4
2.1
2.6
Hg_
1.6
1.8
2.5
2.0
2.1
1.6
1.6
0.90
0.77
1.1
0.89
0.79
0.83
0.78
1.0
1.2
1.0
0.76
1.1
1.2
Ni
0.33
0.18
0.27
0.29
0.49
0.33
0.42
0.28
0.54
0.56
0.49
0.42
0.27
0.44
0.84
0.32
0.27
0.38
0.40
0.44
Pb
0.43
0.83
1.2
1.0
0.80
2.0
1.8
0.96
1.4
1.2
0.76
0.83
2.0
0.92
0.65
0.64
0.86
0.96
0.83
0.91
Se
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Zn
2.8
4.3
3.4
4.3
5.5
5.1
5.3
5.0
4.9
4.8
8.6
6.4
8.8
5.3
7.2
5;i
8.0
6.1
6.2
6.6
3 Interference from other metals prevented accurate quantisation.
ND = not detected.
C-103
-------
Table 19. Statistical analysis of arsenic (pg/g wet tissue) in samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, ix =
Mean, T =
Sum of squared data,
1x2 =
CSS = Ex2 - (EX) 2 -
n
Variance »
Reference
0.36
0.57
0.58
0.62
0.78
2.91
0.582
1.78
0.09008
0.02252
4
0.79
0.71
0.81
0.75
0.67
3.73
0.746
2.79
0.0131
0.00328
Sites
5
0.86
0.76
0.72
0.67
0.77
3.78
0.756
2.87
0.0197
0.00493
6
0.77
0.77
0.61
0.84
0.75
3.74
0.748
2.82
0.0284
0.00712
C - 0.02252 = 0.5949
0.03785
Chi square (4, 4) • 0.6287
Since calculated C is greater than tabulated chi square, variances are homogeneous
and transformation is unnecessary.
C-104
-------
Table 20. Statistical analysis of cadmium (ug/g wet tissue) in samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
{n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean , T =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS = EX2 - (EX)2 -
n
Variance -
Reference
0.025
0.031
0.038
0.042
0.036
0.172
0.0344
0.00609
0.00017
0.00004
4
0.046
0.042
0.031
0.027
0.031
0.177
0.0354
0.00653
0.00027
0.00007
Sites
5
0.031
0.029
0.040
0.024
0.025
0.149
0.0298
0.00460
0.00016
0.00004
6
0.027
0.031
0.033
0.031
0.033
0.155
0.031
0.00483
0.00002
0.00001
C = 0.00007 m 0.4375
0.00027
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are
homogeneous and transformation is unnecessary.
C-105
-------
Table 21. Statistical analysis of chromium (ug/g wet tissue) in samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Zx =
Mean, I *
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS = Ex2 - (IX)2 »
n
Variance =
Reference
0.48
0.30
0.37
0.53
0.74
2.42
0.484
1.28
0.114
0.0286
4
0.46
0.47
0.44
0.42
0.43
2.22
0.444
0.987
0.00172
0.00043
Sites
5
0.50
0.41
0.50
0.32
0.36
2.09
0.418
0.900
0.2648
0.00662
6
0.45
0.55
0.55
0.39
0.47
2.41
0.482
1.18
0.0188
0.00472
C = 0.0286 = 0.7084
0.04037
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is greater than tabulated Chi square, use log transformation.
C-106
-------
Table 22. Statistical analysis of copper (yg/g wet tissue) in samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean, T =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 «
CSS = E x2 - (EX)2 =
n
Variance =
Reference
3.8
2.8
2.0
2.9
2.6
14.1
2.82
41.4
1.68
0.422
4
3.2
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.7
13.2
2.64
35.3
0.452
0.113
Sites
5
3.8
2.5
4.7
2.1
3.0
16.1
3.22
56.1
4.34
1.087
6
2.7
2.9
2.4
2.1
2.6
12.7
2.54
32.6
0.372
0.0930
C = 6'087 » 0.6338
T77T5
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is greater than tabulated Chi square, use log
transformation.
C-107
-------
Table 23. Statistical analysis of mercury (ug/g wet tissue) in samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean , T =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS = Ex2 - (EX)2 =
n
Variance =
Reference
1.6
1.8
2.5
2.0
2.1
10.0
2.0
2.04
0.460
0.1150
4
1.6
1.6
0.90
0.77
1.1
5.97
1.198
7.73
0.604
0.1511
Sites
5
0.89
0.79
0.83
0.78
1.0
4.29
0.858
3.71
0.0326
0.00817
6
1.2
1.0
0.76
1.1
1.2
5.26
1.05
5.66
0.134
0.0335
Means for Sites are smaller than mean for reference, no further analysis
necessary.
C-108
-------
Table 24. Statistical analysis of nickel (ug/g wet tissue) in samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Repl icate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Sx =
Mean, T =
Sum of squared data,
£X2 =
CSS = Ex2 - (£X)2 a
n
Variance =
Reference
0.33
0.18
0.27
0.29
0.49
1.56
0.312
0.538
0.0516
0.01292
4
0.33
0.42
0.28
0.54
0.56
2.13
0.426
0.968
0.0615
0.01538
Sites
5
0.49
0.42
0.27
0.44
0.84
2.46
0.492
1.38
0.178
0.04457
6
0.32
0.27
0.38
0.40
0.44
1.81
0.362
0.673
0.0180
0.00452
C = 0*4457 = .9859
0.045207
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is greater than tabulated chi square, use log transformation.
C-109
-------
Table 25. Statistical analysis of lead {ug/g wet tissue) in samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Repl icate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, ix =
Mean , T =
Sum of squared data,
LX2 =
CSS * Ix2 - (£X)2 =
n
Variance =
Reference
0.43
0.83
1.2
1.0
0.80
4.26
0.852
3.95
0.324
0.08107
4
2.0
1.8
0.96
1.4
1.2
7.36
1.47
11.45
0.727
0.1819
Sites
5
0.76
0.83
2.0
0.92
0.65
5.16
1.03
6.53
1.21
0.3025
6
0.64
0.86
0.96
0.83
0.91
4.20
0.840
3.58
0.0598
0.01495
C = 0.3025 = 0.5211
075SD~4
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are homogeneous
and transformation is unnecessary.
C-110
-------
Table 26. Statistical analysis of zinc {ug/g wet tissue) in samples of
lugworms used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Repl icate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex -
Mean, X" =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 »
CSS = Ex* -i£Xlis
n
Variance =
Reference
2.8
4.3
3.4
4.3
5.5
20.3
4.06
86.6
4.21
0.01495
4
5.1
5.3
5.0
4.9
4.8
25.1
5.02
126.
0.148
1.0530
Sites
5
8.6
6.4
8.8
5.3
7.2
36.3
7.26
272
8.75
2.188
6
5.1
8.0
8.1
6.2
6.6
32.0
6.40
209
4.42
1.105
C * 2.188 = 0.5017
4736TO
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are homogeneous
and transformation is unnecessary.
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Table 34. Comparison of mean concentrations of arsenic residues In samples of
lugworms from sample sites with mean concentrations In lugworms
from a reference sediment.
1.0094625 =0.0435
At the alpha = 0.05 level,
2 3
Q 3.00 3.65
Sjf 0.0435 0.0435
LSR « QSX 0.08700 0.1305
Treatment means from computer
Ref Site 4 Site 6
0.582 0.746 0.748
Mean Comparison
K LSR Difference between
2 0.0870 Site 4-Ref » 0.746
3 0.1305 Site 6-Ref = 0.748
4 0.1740 Site 5-Ref = 0.756
4
4.05
0.0435
0.1740
printout
Site 5
0.756
means
- 0.582 = 0.
- 0.582 = 0.
- 0.582 = 0.
164*
1660*
1740*
* Indicates significant difference at alpha = 0.05
C-119
-------
Table 35. Comparison of mean concentrations of zinc residues in samples of
lugworms from sample sites withmean concentrations in lugworms
from a reference sediment.
..09575 a 0.468
At the alpha = 0.05 level,
0
s*
LSR = OS*
K
2
3
4
2 3
3.00 3.65
0.468 0.468
0.936 1.404
Treatment means from computer
Ref Site 4 Site 6
4.06 5.02 6.40
Mean Comparison
LSR Difference between
0.936 Site 4-Ref - 5.02
1.404 Site 6 -Ref - 6.40
1.872 Site 5-Ref - 7.26
4
4.05
0.468
1.872
printout
Site 5
7,26
means
- 4.06 - 0.960*
- 4.06 » 2.34*
- 4.06 - 3.20*
Note: n.s. indicates no significant difference at alpha = .05
* indicates significant difference at. alpha = .05
C-120
-------
Table 36. Concentrations of selected metals in samples of shrimp used in a bio-
accumulation study with Pascagoula Bay sediments from test Sites 4, 5
and 6, and a reference site.
Sediment
Location
Reference
Site 4
Site 5
Site 6
Concentrations in pg/g wet tissue weight
Replicate
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
As
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
2.2
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
2.9
1.4
2.0
Cd
0.041
0.056
0.045
0.050
0.050
0.055
0.047
0.044
0.041
0.047
0.041
0.035
0.053
0.035
0.053
0.047
0.043
0.11
0.070
0.047
Cr
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
NO
Cu
8.8
11
8
10
10
9.8
8.5
8.5
9.1
8.3
7.8
8.3
11
7.1
8.9
8.2
9.1
14
8.6
11
Hg_
0.86
1.5
0.96
1.2
0.58
1.1
0.93
0.98
0.99
1.2
0.51
0.91
0.88
0.87
0.82
1.4
1.1
0.39
1.1
0.99
Ni
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Pb
0.68
0.62
0.99
0.55
0.43
0.88
0.86
0.71
0.67
0.66
0.63
0.53
0.99
0.59
0.72
0.65
1.1
0.91
0.90
0.74
Se
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Zn
4.8
5.2
5.3
5.3
8.3
5.3
5.7
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.9
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.9
8.5
6.3
11
6.0
6.7
a Interference from other metals prevented accurate quantitation.
ND = not detected.
C-121
-------
Table 37. Statistical analysis of arsenic (ug/g wet tissue) in samples of
shrimp used in Pascagoula Bay study.
Repl icate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Zx =
Mean, I =
Sum of squared data,
ZX2 .
CSS = 1x2 - (£X)2 *
n
Variance =
Reference
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
7.4
1.48
11.0
0.088
0.02200
4
2.2
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.7
8.5
1.70
14.9
0.46
0.11500
Sites
5
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.6
7.9
1.58
12.5
0.028
0.00700
6
1.5
1.5
2.9
1.4
2.0
9.3
1.86
18.8
1.57
0.39300
C = 0.393 = 0.7318
ZK53TO
Chi square (4, 4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is greater than tabulated chi square, use log transformation.
C-122
-------
Table 38. Statistical analysis of cadmium (ug/g wet tissue) In samples of
shrimp used In the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n = 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, ix =
Mean, T =
Sum of squared data,
CSS = Ex2 - (EX)2 «
n
Variance =
Reference
0.041
0.056
0.045
0.050
0.050
0.242
0.048
0.0118
0.00013
0.00003
4
0.055
0.047
0.044
0.041
0.047
0.234
0.0468
0.0110
0.00011
0.00003
Sites
5
0.041
0.035
0.053
0.035
0.053
0.217
0.0434
0.00975
0.00033
0.00008
6
0.047
0.043
0.11
0.070
0.047
0.317
0.0634
0.0232
0.00317
0.00079
C = 0.00079 . 0.8494
0.00093
Chi square (4, 4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C Is greater than tabulated chi square, use log transformation.
C-123
-------
Table 39. Statistical analysis of copper (yg/g wet tissue) in samples of
shrimp used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean, T =
Sum of squared data,
EX =
CSS = Ex2 - (EX)2 =
n
Variance =
Reference
8.8
11
8.5
10
10
48.3
9.66
470.69
4.112
1.0280
4
9.8
8.5
8.5
9.1
8.3
44.2
8.84
392.24
1.512
0.37800
Sites
5
7.8
8.3
11
7.1
8.9
43.1
8.62
380.35
8.828
2.2070
6
8.2
9.1
14
8.6
11
50.9
10.1
541.01
22.848
5.7120
C = 5.7120 = 0.6125
9.3250
Chi square (4,4) « 0.6287
Since calculated C is greater than tabulated chi square, use log transformation.
C-124
-------
Table 40. Statistical analysis of mercury (ug/g wet tissue) In samples of
shrimp used In the Pascagoula Bay study.
Re pi icate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, zx =
Mean , IT =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
w O J ^ ** A ^ 1 « A / ™
n
Variance =
Reference
0.86
1.5
0.96
1.2
0.58
5.10
1.02
5.68
0.485
0.12140
4
1.1
0.93
0.98
0.99
1.2
5.20
1.04
5.45
0.0474
0.01185
Sites
5
0.51
0.91
0.88
0.87
0.82
3.99
0.798
3.29
0.107
0.02697
6
1.4
1.1
0.39
1.1
0.99
4.98
0.996
5.51
0.552
0.13803
Because of similarity of means no further analysis deemed necessary.
C-12S
-------
Table 41. Statistical analysis of lead (ug/g wet tissue) in samples of
shrimp used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Rep] icate
(n - 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, £x =
Mean , T -
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 -
CSS = Ex2 - (EX)2 =
n
Variance -
Reference
0.68
0.62
0.99
0.55
0.43
3.27
0.654
2.314
0.1757
0.04393
4
0.88
0.86
0.71
0.67
0.66
3.78
0.756
2.902
0.04492
0.01123
Sites
5
0.63
0.53
0.99
0.59
0.72
3.46
0.692
2.524
0.1300
0.03252
6
0.65
1.1
0.91
0.90
0.74
4.30
0.860
3.818
0.1202
0.03005
C = 0.04393 = Q.37314
0.11773
Chi square (4,4) = 0.6287
Since calculated C is less than tabulated Chi square, variances are homogeneous
and transformation not necessary.
C-126
-------
Table 42. Statistical analysis of zinc (pg/g wet tissue) in samples of shrimp
used in the Pascagoula Bay study.
Replicate
(n- 5)
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of data, Ex =
Mean, X" =
Sum of squared data,
Ex2 =
CSS = Ex2 - (ZX)2 =
n
Variance =
Reference
4.8
5.2
5.3
5.3
8.3
28.9
5.78
175.15
8.1080
2.0270
4
5.3
5.7
4.8
4.9
4.9
25.6
5.12
131.64
0.56800
0.14200
Sites
5
5.9
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.9
17.6
5.52
152.86
0.50800
0.12700
6
8.5
6.3
11
6.0
6.7
38.5
7.70
313.83
17.380
4.3450
= 0.6542
5784TO
Chi square (4,4)
0.6287
Since calculated C is greater than tabulated Chi square, variance are not
homogenous and transformation necessry.
C-127
-------
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C-133
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EFFECTS OF SEDIMENT FROM THREE LOCATIONS IN BAYOU CASOTTE,
MISSISSIPPI, ON REPRESENTATIVE MARINE ORGANISMS
Prepared by:
Dredged Materials Research Team
P.R. Parrish, Coordinator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561-3999
Submitted to:
Susan Ivester Rees, PD-EC
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Mobile District
109 St. Joseph Street
Mobile, Alabama 36628-0001
In partial fulfillment of:
IAG RW96932347-01-1
Draft Report:
Final Report:
May 1988
C-134
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ABSTRACT
A toxicity and bioaccumulation test was conducted with sediment
from three locations in Bayou Casotte, Mississippi. Three types of
marine organisms from benthic and epibenthic habitats were exposed to
sediment samples from each of the three sites for 10 days in flowing,
natural seawater; a reference sediment collected in Mississippi Sound,
approximately 2 miles east of Bayou Casotte, was used as a control.
The purpose of the test was to evaluate, in the laboratory, the
toxicity of the sediment samples and the potential for bioaccumulation
of chemicals from the sediments. A 96-hour toxicity test was conducted
with the suspended particulate phase (SPP) of each sediment sample; the
purpose was to compare toxicity of the whole sediment to that of the
SPP.
The toxicity of each of the four sediment samples was minimal.
Exposure to the sediments for 10 days had little observable adverse
effect on lugworms (Arenicola cristata), oysters (Crassostrea
virainica.) or pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum). Survival of lugworms
was 96% in the reference sediment and 86% in Site 1, 92% in Site 2,
and 98% Site 3 sediment; oyster survival was 100% in the reference
sediment and Site 1, Site 2 and Site 3 sediment; and shrimp survival
was 96% in the reference sediment, 98% in Site 1, 94% in Site 2 and 92%
in Site 3 sediment.
The SPP of the sediments had minimal adverse effect on mysids
(Mysidopsis bahia). Survival in 100% SPP of the three Bayou Casotte
sediments and the reference sediment was > 80%.
The results of the bioaccumulation test are reported in a separate
document.
C-135
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INTRODUCTION
In accord with an agreement with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(CE), Mobile District, tests were conducted with sediment from two
locations in Bayou Casotte, Mississippi to determine toxicity to
representative marine organisms and the potential for bioaccumulation
of chemicals from the sediment samples. Ten-day tests with the solid
phase (whole sediment) and 96-hour (h) tests with the suspended
particulate phase (SPP) of each sediment sample and a reference
sediment were conducted at the U.S. EPA Environmental Research
Laboratory, Gulf Breeze {ERLGB), Florida, in January-February 1988.
The chemical analyses of sediments and animal tissues also were
conducted at ERLGB, and the results are reported in a separate
document.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Test Materials
The sediments to be tested were collected by ERLGB personnel on 11
January 1988, at three sites designated by CE, Mobile District. The
reference sediment was collected the same day in Mississippi Sound,
approximately 2 miles east of Bayou Casotte. All samples were
transported to ERLGB on the day of collection and placed in a large
cooler where temperature was maintained at approximately 4'C. Before
testing, all sediment subsamples of each sediment were combined in a
large container and mixed well. A characterization of the three
sediment samples and the reference sediment is contained in Table 1.
Sodium lauryl sulfate was used as a reference toxicant to gauge
the condition of the test animals for the SPP tests. The chemical
c-136
-------
used was manufactured by Sigma Chemical Company, No. L-5750, Lot 42F-
0039, and was approximately 95% pure.
Test Animals
For the solid-phase (whole-sediment) tests, three types of marine
organisms from benthic and epibenthic habitats were tested. They were
lugworms fArenicola cristatal, oysters (Crassostrea virainica), and
pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum). The polychaetes were purchased from a
bait dealer in St. Petersburg, Florida; the oysters were collected from
East Bay, near ERLGB; and the shrimp were purchased from a local bait
dealer. All animals were maintained for at least 48 h at ERLGB where
they were acclimated to test conditions.
Mysids (Mvsidopsis bahial for the SPP and reference toxicant
tests were cultured at ERLGB. Mysids (5 ± 1 days old) were fed
Artemia salina nauplii (32 to 48 h post-hydration) during holding
and testing.
Test Watejr
Natural seawater pumped from Santa Rosa Sound into the ERLGB
seawater system was used for all tests. For the solid-phase test, the
water was not filtered as it was pumped into elevated reservoirs.
There it was aerated and allowed to flow by gravity into the wet
laboratory, where it was siphoned from an open trough into the test
aquaria. For the SPP tests, the seawater was filtered through sand and
20-jim fiber filters; salinity was controlled at 20 + 2 parts per
thousand by the addition of aged tap water, and temperature was
controlled at 25 ± 1*C by a commercial chiller and/or heater.
C-137
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Test Methods
Test methods for the solid-phase tests were based on those of
U.S. IPA/Corps of Engineers (1977) and methods for the SPP test were
after U.S. EPA (1985). To prepare for the exposure of lugworms,
oysters, and shrimp, approximately 7 liters (1) of reference sediment
was placed in each of fifteen 20-gallon (76-1) glass aquaria. This
resulted in a layer of reference sediment approximately 30 millimeters
(mm) deep. After about 1 h, seawater flowed into each aquarium at
approximately 25 1/h, and the system was allowed to equilibrate for
24 h. Then, the seawater flow was stopped, approximately 3.5 1 of the
appropriate sediment was added to each aquarium (resulting in a layer
about 15 mm deep), the sediment was allowed to settle for approximately
1 h, and the seawater flow was resumed. Then 10 lugworms were placed
in the back section and 10 shrimp and 10 oysters were placed in the
front section of each aquarium. (A nylon screen, 2-mm mesh, had been
inserted in each aquarium and secured with silicone sealant in order to
separate the lugworms from the predacious shrimp.) Ten test organisms
per replicate of each species were used for this test because this
number was sufficient to perform a statistical analysis of mortality
and the individuals were of such a size that sufficient biomass was
available for chemical analyses to determine bioaccumulation.
The five control (reference sediment) aquaria were prepared at
the same time and in the same manner as the sediment exposure aquaria
except that only the reference sediment was added to each aquarium.
The 10-day solid-phase test was conducted from 26 January to 5
February 1988. Water temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen
C-138
-------
were recorded daily. Dead animals were noted and removed from the
aquaria daily. At the end of the exposure, the remaining live animals
in each aquarium were removed, rinsed with seawater to remove sediment,
and were placed separately in flowing seawater to purge their gut.
After 24 h, they were placed in acid-cleaned glass jars, then frozen,
and later provided to the ERLGB Chemistry Laboratory for chemical
analyses to determine bioaccumulation. Animals from the test
populations were treated similarly before the test began to provide
information on background concentrations.
To prepare the suspended particulate phase (SPP) of the two
sediments and the reference sediment, 1,000 milliliters (ml) of chilled
seawater was added to a 2-1 Erlenmeyer flask. Then, 200 ml of well-
stirred sediment was added to the flask. More seawater (800 ml) was
added to the flask to bring the contents to the 2-1 mark. This 1-
part sediment:9-part seawater mixture was placed on a magnetic stirrer
and mixed for at least 5 minutes (min), and then allowed the settle for
1 h. The SPP was then decanted into a separate container, and pH and
dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were measured. The SPP of the
reference sediment had to be aerated to increase the DO to acceptable
concentrations (> 60% of saturation). The appropriate volume of 100%
SPP in seawater of seawater only was added to 2-1 Carolina culture
dishes (the total volume in each dish was 1 1) to prepare the test
mixtures and control. The mixtures were than stirred for approximately
5 min; the DO, pH, temperature and salinity were measured; and test
animals were added to the dishes.
After water quality measurements and addition of animals, the
C-139
-------
dishes were stacked, with a cover on the top dish, and placed in an
incubator. The temperature controller was set at 20°C and the light
controller at 14 h light:10 h dark. The seawater in all treatments was
aerated at a volume estimated to be 100 cubic centimeters/min during
the tests.
Water quality was measured at 24-h intervals, and daily counts of
live animals were made. After 96 h, the number of live animals was
determined and the tests were terminated.
Tests with the SPP prepared from the four sediments were conducted
1 to 5 February 1988; a reference toxicant test with mysids from the
same population was conducted 22 to 26 February 1988.
Statistical Analyses
There was no statistical analyses of the data from the solid-phase
tests or the SPP tests because no median effect (50% mortality)
occurred. Mortality data from the mysid reference toxicant test were
subjected to statistical analyses, however. The 96-h LC50 (the
concentration lethal to 50% of the test animals after 96 h of
exposure) was calculated by using the moving average method (Stephan,
1977). The 95% confidence limits were also calculated.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sediment from three sites in Bayou Casotte, Mississippi, had
little observable adverse effects on lugworms, oysters, or pink shrimp
after a 10-day exposure. Survival of lugworms was 96% in the reference
sediment and 86% in Site 1, 92% in Site 2, and 98% in Site 3 sediment;
oyster survival was 100% in the reference sediment and in Site 1, Site
2 and Site 3 sediment; and shrimp survival was 96% in the reference
C-140
-------
sediment, 98% in Site 1, 94% in Site 2, and 92% in site 3 sediment
(Table 2).
The suspended particulate phase (SPP) of the sediments caused
universal adverse effects on mysids. When up to 100% SPP was tested,
survival was >80% (Table 3).
Results of the reference toxicant test showed that the mysids were
in suitable condition for testing; the 96-h LC50 was 6.3 ppra with 95%
confidence limits of 4.8 to 8.4 ppm. Our experience and the literature
(Roberts et al., 1982) show that the 96-h LC50 of sodium lauryl sulfate
for mysids is usually 5 to 8 ppm.
C-141
-------
LITERATURE CITED
Folk, R.L. 1957. Petrology of Sedimentary Rock. Hemphill
Publishing Co. Austin, TX, pp. 123-145.
Roberts, M.H. Jr., J.E. Warinner, F. Tsai, D. Wright, and L.E. Cronin.
1982. Comparison of Estuarine Species Sensitivity to Three
Toxicants. Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, 11:681-692.
Stephan, C.E. 1977. Methods for Calculating an LC50. In: Aquatic
Toxicity and Hazard Evaluation. ASTM STP 634, F.L. Mayer and J.L.
Hamelink, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials,
Philadelphia, PA, pp. 65-84.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Corps of Engineers. 1977.
Ecological Evaluation of Proposed Discharge of Dredged Material
into Ocean Waters, Implementation Manual for Section 103 of Public
Law 92-532 (Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of
1972), U.S. Army engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MS, 24 pp. plus appendices.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Oil and Gas Point
Source Category, Offshore Subcategory; Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards; Proposed Rule.
FEDERAL REGISTER 50(165):34592-34636.
C-142
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Table 1. Characterization of two sediment samples from Bayou casotte,
Mississippi, and a reference sediment from Mississippi Sound for water
content, silt-clay (< 62 micrometers), and organic carbon (Folk, 1957).
Values reported are means of three measurements.
Sediment
Reference
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Water f%)
46.5
54.3
34.9
60.1
Silt-Clav
28.0
49.7
8.9
67.7
Organic Carbon (%1
5.6
6.6
2.2
6.8
C-143
-------
Table 2. Results of a 10-day laboratory exposure of lugworms
(Arenicola cristata), oysters fCrassostrea virainica), and pink shrimp
(Penaeus dUQrarum) to sediment from Mississippi Sound, along with a
reference sediment from near Gulf Breeze, Florida. Numbers of animals
that were alive at the end of the exposure are given; numbers of
animals per replicate at the beginning of the test were 10 lugworms,
oysters, and pink shrimp.
Reference
Sediment
Site 1
Site 2
site 3
Replicate
1
2
3
4
5
Total
l
2
3
4
5
Total
1
2
3
4
5
Total
1
2
3
4
5
Total
Lugworms
10
10
10
10
8
48
8
9
9
10
7
43
9
10
9
9
9
46
10
10
9
10
10
49
Oysters
10
10
10
10
10
50
10
10
10
10
10
50
10
10
10
10
10
50
10
10
10
10
10
50
Shrimp
10
9
9
10
10
48
9
10
10
10
10
49
10
10
9
8
10
47
9
7
10
10
10
46
C-144
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Table 3. Results of acute toxicity tests conducted with mysids
(Mvsidopsis bahia) and the suspended particulate phase (SPP) of
sediment from Mississippi Sound and a reference sediment from near
Mississippi Sound. The percentage of animals alive after 96 hours of
exposure is given.
Exposure Concentration r% SPPai
Test material
Reference
Sediment
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Control
100
11
100
101
90
251
90
50%
90
100%
90
90
70
SO
90
80
70
100
100
60
80
70
90
100
100
100
80
90
90
a The SPP (suspended particulate phase) was prepared by mixing 1 part
sediment with 9 parts seawater (v:v), allowing the mixture to settle
for 1 h, and decanting the unsettled portion.
C-145
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C-146
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CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SEDIMENT FROM BAYOU CASOTTE,
MISSISSIPPI, AND TISSUES OF MARINE ORGANISMS
EXPOSED TO THE SEDIMENT
Prepared by:
Analytical Chemistry Team
Ecotoxicology Branch
Janes c. Moore, Team Leader
E.M. Lores, Research Chemist
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
Submitted To:
Susan Ivester Rees, PD-EC
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Mobile District
109 St. Joseph Street
Mobile, Alabama 36628-0001
In partial fulfillment of:
IAG RW96932347-01-1
Draft Report: May 1988
Final Report:
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ABSTRACT
Chemical analyses were performed on sediments from Bayou
Casotte, Mississippi, and on three types of marine organisms exposed
to these sediment samples during a 10-day bioaccumulation test
conducted by the Dredged Materials Research Team of the Gulf Breeze
Laboratory. Replicates of each sediment and type of organism were
analyzed for residues of selected chlorinated hydrocarbon
pesticides, PCBs, chlorpyrifos (Dursban), petroleum hydrocarbons,
and 9 heavy metals. The purpose of these chemical analyses was to
determine if residues were detectable in the sediment and if they
accumulated in tissues of organisms exposed to the sediment.
Samples of each type of organism and sediment were analyzed prior to
use in the bioaccumulation test.
Residues of selected pesticides or PCBs were not detected in
sediments or animal tissues before or after exposure, but several
metals and petroleum hydrocarbons were detected in sediments and in
tissues of organisms before and after exposure. However, no
concentrations of metals or petroleum hydrocarbons in oysters
(Crassostrea virainica), lugworms (Arenicola cristatal, and shrimp
(Penaeus duorarum) exposed to sediment from sites 1, 2, or 3 were
significantly greater (P = 0.05) than concentrations in animals
exposed to the reference sediment.
C-U8
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INTRODUCTION
In accord with an agreement between the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (CE), Mobile District, and EPA's Gulf Breeze Environmental
Research Laboratory (ERL/GB), chemical analyses were performed on
sediment from Sites 1, 2, and 3 in Bayou Casotte, Mississippi, and
on three species of marine organisms (lugworms, Arenicola cristata;
oysters, Crassostrea virginica; and shrimp, Penaneus duorarum)
exposed to these sediments during a 10-day bioaccumulation test.
Each sediment and organism was analyzed for the following chemical
residues: PCBs, selected chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides,
chlorpyrifos (Dursban), selected heavy metals, and two petroleum
hydrocarbon fractions (aliphatic and aromatic). These analyses were
performed on two replicates of sediments and organisms before the
bioaccumulation test and on five replicates of organisms after the
bioaccumulation test. Chemical analyses were performed by gas-
liquid chromatography for pesticides, PCBs, and petroleum
hydrocarbons, and by inductively coupled argon plasma emission
spectroscopy (ICAP) for heavy metals. Methods of chemical analyses
were modified and validated at ERL/GB, except for the petroleum
hydrocarbon method. This method was used as recommended by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers Implementation Manual (EPA/CE, 1977).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Test Sediments and Animals
Samples of sediments and test organisms were obtained from the
ERL/GB Dredged Materials Research Team prior to initiation of the
C-149
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bioaccumulation test. After the 10-day exposure period, five
replicates of each test organism from each test sediment, and the
reference sediment, were collected and maintained at approximately
-4*C until chemical analyses were performed.
Methods of Chemical analyses
A. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides and PCBs
Tissue samples were weighed into a 150-mm by 25-mm screw top
test tube and homogenized three times with 10 ml of acetonitrile
with a Willems Polytron Model PT 20-ST (Brinkman Instruments,
Westbury, NY). Following each homogenization, the test tube was
centrifuged (1600x g) and the liquid layer decanted into a 120-ml
oil sample bottle. Seventy-five ml of a 2% (w/v) aqueous sodium
sulfate and 10 ml of petroleum ether were added to the bottle and
the contents shaken for 1 minute. After the layers separated, the
solvent was pipetted into a 25-ml concentrator tube and the
extraction with petroleum ether was repeated two more times. The
combined solvent extract was concentrated to 1 ml on a nitrogen
evaporator in preparation for cleanup.
Cleanup columns were prepared by adding 3 g of PR-grade
florisil (stored at 130'C) and 2 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate
(powder) to a 200-mm by 9-mm i.d. Chromaflex column (Kontes Glass
Co., Vineland, NJ) and rinsing with 20 ml of hexane. Tissue and
sediment extracts were transferred to the column with two additional
2-ml volumes of hexane. Pesticides and PCBs were eluted with 20 ml
of 5% (v/v) diethyl ether in hexane.
C-150
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Quantisations of pesticides were made with external standard
methods. All standards were obtained from the EPA pesticide re-
pository* PCS reference standard, obtained from U.S. EPA chemical
Repository, Washington, DC, was described by Sawyer (1978). Analy-
ses were performed on a Hewlett-Packard Model 5710 gas chroma-
tograph equipped with a 63Ni electron-capture detector. Separa-
tions were performed by using a 182-cm by 2-mm i.d. glass column
packed with 2% SP2100 (Supleco, INC., Bellefonte, PA) on 80-100 mesh
Supelcoport. other gas chromatographic parameters were: flow rate
of the 10% methane-in-argon carrier gas, 25 ml/min; column tempera-
ture, 190*C; inlet temperature, 200'C, and detector temperature,
300'C. , '
Recoveries of PCBs and pesticides from spiked samples and
detection limits for pesticides and petroleum hydrocarbons were
determined (Table 1); results of pesticide and PCB analyses were
reported to two significant figures as our methods allowed (Tables
2-6).
B. Heavy Metals
One to two grams of tissue or sediment were weighed into a 40
ml reaction vessel. Five milliliters of concentrated nitric acid
(Baker Chemical Instra-Analyzed) were added and the samples digested
for 2 to 4 h at 70*C in a tube heater. Digestion was continued,
with vessels capped, for 48 h at 70 PC. After digestion, samples
were transferred to 15-ml tubes and diluted to 10 ml for aspiration
into a Jarrell-Ash AtomComp 800 Series inductively-coupled argon-
plasma emission spectrometer (ICAP). This instrument acquires data
(for 15 elements simultaneously. Method detection limits for each) - line omitted
from original P «r.
-------
element were based on wet-weight analyses (Table 7). No detectable
residues could be found in method blanks. A solution of ten percent
nitric acid/distilled water was analyzed between samples to prevent
carryover of residues from one sample to the next. Standards were
used to calibrate the instrument initially and adjustments were made
when necessary. Concentrations are reported to two significant
figures as our method allowed, and were not corrected for percentage
recovery.
C. Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Ten grams of tissue or sediment were weighed into culture
tubes and extracted as described by Warner (1976). Sample extracts
were concentrated to approximately 0.50 ml for gas chromatographic
analyses. Analyses were performed on a Hewlett Packard gas
chromatograph (GC) equipped with flame ionization detection (FID).
Separations were performed by using a 182-cm by 2-mm i.d. glass
column packed with 3% OV101 on 100/120 mesh Supelcoport. Helium
carrier gas was used at a flow of 30 ml/min.
Quality Assurance of Chemical Analyses
All standards used for guantitations of pesticides were
obtained from EPA's repository in Las Vegas, Nevada. Standard
solutions of metals were obtained from J.T. Baker Chemical Co.,
Phillipsburg, NJ, and were Instra-Analyzed quality. Dotriacontane
was obtained from Alltech Associates, Deerfield, Illinois, and was
used as an internal standard to quantitate petroleum hydrocarbons.
A part of our quality assurance procedures includes forti-
fication of samples of organisms and sediments with selected
C-152
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chemicals to evaluate the entire analytical system during the period
of time quantitative analyses of test organisms and sediments are
performed. Separate samples were fortified with selected pesticides
and petroleum hydrocarbons (Table 1), and metals (Table 7). Reagent
and glassware blanks were analyzed to verify that the analytical
system was not contaminated with chemical residues that could inter-
fere with quantitations.
Statistical Analyses
Residue data were analyzed according to guidance in the
Implementation Manual (EPA/CE, 1977). Calculations were performed
to determine whether variance of data sets were homogeneous. Then
analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare mean tissue con-
centration in animals exposed to each dredged material sample. All
data values shown as ND were treat ad as missing values by the ANOVA
procedure. When the calculated F-value exceeded the tabulated
value at P = 0.05, Student-Newman-Keuls multiple-range test was used
to determine which dredged material mean was significantly different
from the reference mean. These analyses were performed by using
Statistical Analysis System (SAS) procedures (SAS, 1982).
C-153
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Analyses qf Pesticides and PCBs
During these analyses, only oysters were available in
sufficient numbers to allow them to be used for spiking. However,
we believe the results of spiked samples (Table 1) indicate that the
extraction and quantitation techniques were adequate for determining
concentrations of chemical residues in organisms and sediments used
in the bioaccumulation study. Results of reagent and glassware
blank analyses verified that residues of pesticides, PCBs, petroleum
hydrocarbons, metals, or other contaminants were not present prior
to the analyses of test organisms and sediments.
Before the bioaccumulation test, chemical analyses were
performed on samples of each group of organisms and sediments.
Results (Table 2) indicate that residues of pesticides and PCBs were
not present in concentrations above the detection limits. Results
from pesticides and PCB analyses on replicate samples of sediment
from the reference site and Sites 1, 2, or 3. Detection limits were
the same as those in Table 1.
After the organisms were exposed to a reference sediment or
test sediments from Bayou Casotte, they were analyzed for
pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and metals. Results of chemical
analyses for pesticides and PCBs are shown in Tables 3-6, and
indicate that neither pesticides nor PCBs accumulated in tissues of
the organisms.
Analyses of Metals
Replicate samples of each group of organisms were analyzed for
C-154
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selected metals before and after the 10-day bioaccumulation test.
Results from the pretest analyses are shown in Table 7 with method
detection limits for each element. Concentrations of some elements
could not be quantitated because our instrument has limitations and
cannot correct for interferences from high concentrations of some
elements present in these samples. Results (Table 8) show that all
sediment samples contained some heavy metals. Less-than
concentrations are shown for mercury and lead, because accurate
background correction was not possible with these elements.
Concentrations of selected metals in samples of oysters exposed
for 10 days to a reference sediment or sediment from Sites 1, 2, and
3 in Bayou Casotte are shown in Table 9. A test for homogeneity of
variances was performed on arsenic (As) and zinc (Zn) (Tables 10
and 15, respectively). Results show that calculated C-values were
less than the tabulated Chi square values at P = 0.05; therefore,
the variances were considered homogeneous. Because means for sites
were less than means for the reference sediment, no further analyses
were performed for cadmium (Cd) , chromium (Cr) , copper (CuUor
nickel (Ni) (Tables 11 - 14). Results of analysis of variance
(ANOVA) of bioaccumulation data for arsenic and zinc (Tables 16 and
17) show that no significant differences were detected (P = 0.05).
Concentrations of metals in samples of lugworms exposed for 10
days to sediment from Sites 1, 2, and 3 and to the reference site
are shown in Table 18. Because mean concentrations of arsenic,
chromium, and copper in tissues of lugworms exposed to sediment from
Site 1, 2, or 3 were less than concentrations in lugworms exposed to
C-155
-------
the reference sediment (Tables 19, 21, and 22), no further
statistical analyses were performed. Results of a test for
homogeneity of variance for cadmium, nickel, and zinc
(Tables 20, 23, and 24, respectively) show that transformation was
necessary for nickel data only.
Results from analyses of variance for cadmium, nickel, and zinc
are shown in Tables 25 - 27; no significant differences were found
(P - 0.05).
Concentrations of metals in shrimp exposed for 10 days are
shown in Table 28. Because of similarity of means or because means
from the sites were less than means for the reference sediment
(Tables 29 - 34), no further analyses were necessary.
Analyses of petroleum hydrocarbons
Concentrations of both aliphatic and aromatic petroleum
hydrocarbon residues in tissues of organisms exposed to the
reference sediment and sediment from Sites 1, 2, and 3 are shown in
Table 35. Residues of both hydrocarbon types were detected in
oysters, lugworms, and shrimp. Analysis of variance was used to
determine if concentrations of aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon
residues in tissues of each group of organisms exposed to sediments
from Site 1, 2, or 3 were significantly different from the
concentrations in tissues of organisms exposed to the reference
sediment. Because numbers of detectable concentrations varied among
treatments and because variances differed, transformed data were
used in the analysis of variance procedures.
Statistical analyses for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons
C-156
-------
Statistical analyses for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons
are shown in Table 36 for oysters, Table 39 for lugworms, and Table
41 for shrimp. Analysis of variance procedures are shown in Table
37 and 38 for oysters and in Table 40 for lugworms. No
statistically significant differences could be found (P = 0.05)
between concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in animals exposed
to the reference sediment and concentrations in animals exposed to
sediments from Site l, 2, or 3.
LITERATURE CITED
SAS. 1982. SAS Users Guide: Basic, 1982 edition. SAS Institute,
Gary, NC, 923 pp.
Sawyer, L.D., 1978. Quantitation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl
Residues by Electron Capture Gas-Liquid chromatography:
collaborative study. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 61, 1282-291.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Corps of Engineers Technical
Committee on Criteria for Dredged and Fill Material,
"Ecological Evaluation of Proposed Discharge of Dredged
Material Into Ocean Waters; Implementation Manual for Section
103 Public Law 92-532 (Marine Protection Research,and
Sanctuaries Act of 1972), "July 1977 (second Printing April
1978), Environmental Effects Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineers
Waterways Experimentation Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Warner, J.S., 1976. Determination of Aliphatic and ARomatic
Hydrocarbons in Marine Organisms. Analytical Chemistry, 48,
No. 3, 578-583.
C-157
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C-198
-------
A REPORT OF THE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
OF SEDIMENT AND WATER SAMPLES
PASCAGOULA HARBOR AND MISSISSIPPI SOUND
Submitted to:
Mobile District
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Mobile, Alabama
Contract Number DACW01-83-C-0027
GeoScience Incorporated
Marine Laboratories
Gainesville, Florida
c-199
-------
C0«»1 OP (namfllfl
'i?£&&^'zM^~^^^?\ --—VL / ; ;
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-------
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) Analysis
Station Rep
l£E
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
Sediment(S)
mg/kg
1680
1910
2480
2430
2480
2500
2380
2120
1660
1670
647
653
1720
1700
Elutriate(E)
n>g/l
5.7
10.0
8.0
6.1
5.5
5.1
11.0
11.0
12.0
11.0
1.3
1.4
4.7
5.4
Ambient (A)
mg/1
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.22
0.17
0.19
0.31
0.23
0.01
0.03
0.08
0.11
0.01
0.01
E-A
5.52
9.81
7.75
5.88
5.33
4.91
10.65
10.77
11.95
10.97
1.22
1.25
4.65
5.35
E-A
S
.003
.005
.003
.002
.002
.002
.004
.005
.007
.007
.002
.002
.003
.003
E-A
A
30.6
51.6
36.9
26.7
31.4
25.8
34.4
46.8
1195
366
15.3
11.4
465
535
C-201
-------
Ammonia Analysis
St_at ion Rep Sediment (S) Elutriate(E) Ambient(A) E-A E-A E—A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
mg/kg
154
170
199
206
198
188
577
638
685
690
24
25
128
126
mg/1
• 8.3
9.8
6.6
5.5
5.2
4.9
11.0
11.0
12.0
10.0
1.5
1.4
4.2
5.2
mg/l
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
8.29
9.78
6.57
5.46
5.18
4.86
10.00
10.97
11.99
9.99
1.49
1.39
4.18
5.17
S
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.06
0.03
0.04
A
825
485
215
137
255
122
1095
366
1195
995
149
135
205
172
C-202
-------
Phosphorus Analysis
Station
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Rep
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
Sediment (S)
mg/kg
427
453
491
515
533
519
577
638
685
690
148
157
381
317
Klittriate(E)
mj»./l
0.271
0.999
0.026
0.033
0.030
0.035
0.076
0.085
1.24
1.16
0.148
0.117
0.042
0.037
Ambient (A)
mg/1 .
0.025
. 0.028
0.021
0.023
0.020
0.023
0.018
0..024
0.021 1
0.023 1
0.018
0.015
0.019
0.02
E-A
.246
.971
.005
.01
.01
.012
.058
.061
.219
.137
.13
.102
.023
.017
E-A
S
.0006
.002
.00001
.00002
.00002
.00002
.0001
.0001
.002
.002
.0009
.0006
.00006
.00005
E-A
A
9.8
34.6
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.5
3.2
2.5
58.0
49.0
7.2
6.8
1.2
.9
C-203
-------
v
Arsenic Analysis
Station Rep
A
1
&
A
2
B
A
3
B
A
4
B
A
5
B
A
6
B
A
7
B
Sediment (S)
rag /kg
10
9.4
15
16
21
21
16
15
14
15
6.9
6.5
16
13
Elutriate(E)
p/1
21
• 25
20
22
25
25
28
30
49
37
21
26
25
25
Ambient(A) E-A
g/1
4 17
7 18
11 9
11 U
18 7
23 2
16 12
20 10
20 29
20 17
36
29
17 8
16 9
E-A
S
0.0017
0.0019
0.0006
0.0007
0.0003
0.0001
0.0008
0.0007
0.002
0.001
0.0005
0.0007
E-A
A
4.25
2.57
0.82
1.0
0.39
0.1
0.75
0.5
1.45
0.85
0.47
0.56
C-204
-------
Chromium Analysis
Sediment(S) Elutriate(E)
Ambient(A)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
mg/kg g/1 . g/1
44.0 1.1 <1-0
34.0 <1.0 <1.0
53.9 <1-0 <1-0
49.7 <1.0 <1.0
64.6 <1.0 <1.0
65.3 <1.0 <1.0
49.3 <1.0 <1.C
63.2 <1.0 <1.C
49.4 <1.0 <1.C
65.7 <1.0 <1.C
16.8 <1.0 <1-C
21.6 <1.0
-------
Stat ion Rep
Iron Analysis
Sediment(S) Elutriate(E) Ambient(A) E-A
E-A E-A
.A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
tug/kg
28600
23500
37600
33400
40000
39900
34100
34300
27300
30400
13600
15100
25500
22500
R/l
159
26
8
10
31
18
164
132
9
22
7
6
8
19
8/1
7
4
7
4
6
5
5
5
44
21
6
5
8
7
152
22
1
6
25
13
159
127
1
1
1
12
S
Ins .
Ins .
Ins.
Ins .
Ins.
Ins .
Ins.
Ins.
Ins.
Ins.
Ins .
Ins .
Ins .
A
21.7
5.5
0.1
1.5
4.2
2.6
31.8
25.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
1.7
C-206
-------
Station
Lead Analysis
Sediment(S) Elutriate(E)
Ambient(A)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-muuuuuul!-!--.--
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
ing /kg
69.1
53.7
67.3
58.4
76.0
71.0
81.4
86.2
131
162
22.9
30.0
49.9
43.1
R/l
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
g/1
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
<5.0
C-207
-------
Nickel Analysis
Sediment(S) Elutriate(E)
Ambient(A)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
—
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
.
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
tug /kg
17
16
24
22
29
28
21
21
14
21
6
9
17
13
g/l
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
g/l
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
-'
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
C-208
-------
Station
Rep
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
Zinc Analysis
Sediraent(S) Elutriate(E) Ambient(A) E-A
E-A
rag/kg
101
78
121
101
122
119
106
120
132
141
30
35
69
59
g/1
59.3
44.9
47.8
44.9
53.5
44.9
91.1
36.3
53.6
82.4
59.3
47.8
59.3
59.3
E-A
A
g/1 S
62.2
50.7
56.4
44.9
47.8 5.7 0.00005 0.1
50.7
56.4 34.7 0.0003 0.6
44.9
44.9 8.7 0.00007 0.2
39.2 43.2 0.0003 1.1
56.4 2.9 0.0001 0.1
47.8
59.3
56.4 2.9 0.00005 0.1
C-209
-------
Station
High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon Analysis
Rep Sediment Elutriate
Ambient
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
g/fcg
45200
109000
105000
63000
11400
44000
10900
18600
49200
4100
10600
1300
2100
2500
g/1
149
57
43
<20
<20
<20
29
20
<20
29
76
116
141
170
g/1
86
38
29
33
<20
<20
<20
<20"
<20
<20
77
130
190
120
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* means that the quantity released from elutriation was insignificant
compared to the ambient water concentration and considering the quantities
observed as sediment concentrations.
C-210
-------
Partition of Aliphatic and Aromatic High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon
. in Sediment, Elutriate and Water Samples
Station
Sediment
Elutriate
Ambient
g/kg
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
' AL
0
95000
101000
54000
2800
29000
0
14000
41100
0
600
0
0
0
AR
45200
14000
1000
9000
8600
15000
10900
4600
8100
4100
10000
1300
2100
2500
AL
112
31
17
10
0
5
11
17
7
27
76
115
136
169
g/1
AR
37
26
26
8
0
0
18
3
4
2
0
1
5
'4
AL
40
23
8
8
0
0
14
0
0
0
77
130
190
117
g/1
AR
46
15
21
25
0 *
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
* Zero (0) is only justifiable value when partition of two whose total is
less than detection limits of <20
C-211
-------
-------
APPENDIX D
BENTHIC STUDIES
GULF OF MEXICO
SOUTH OF PASCAGOULA, MISSISSIPPI
-------
-------
TAXONOfllC LISTING
TMONMIC SPECIES LIST 09/22/87
EPA-PASCAHULA, NS—COLLECTED OCTOBER 1W
ANNELIDA
OL160CHAETA
OLI6QCHAETA (LPIL)
POLYCHAETA
AHPHARETIDAE
AHPHARETE (LPIL)
AHPHARETE PARVIDENTATA
AMPHARETE SP.A
AHPHARETE SP.B
AHPHARETIDAE (LPIL)
HELINNA HACULATA
SABELLIDES SP.A
AWHINQHIDAE
AflPHINOKlDAE (LPIL)
PARAHPHINOME SP.B
ARABELLiDAE
DRILOHEREIS LON6A
CAP!TELL1DAE
CAP I TELLA CAP!TATA
NEDIOHASTUS (LPIL)
HED10NA5TUS AHBISETA
NOTONA5TUS (LPIL)
CHAE10PTER1DAE
CHAETOPTERUS ^ARIOPEDATUS
SPIOCHAETDPTERUS OCULATUS
CHRYSOPETALIDAE
BHANANIA HETEROSETA
CIRRATULIDAE
CAULLERIELLA (LPIL)
CKAETOZONE (LPIL)
CIRRATULIDAE (LPIL)
CIRRIFORHIA (LPIL)
THARYX CF. ANNULOSUS
THARYX DORSOBRAKCHIAL1S
THARYX SP.A
COSSURIDAE
COS5URA DELTA
COSSURA SOYER!
DORVILLE1DAE
SCHISTONERIN60S (LPIL)
SCHISTONERIN6QS CF. RUDOLPH!
FLABELL1&ER10AE
PIROHIS ROBERT!
6LYCERIDAE
GLYCERA AMERICANA
ELYCERA SP.E
60NIADIOAE
6LYCINDE SOLITARIA
GQNIADA LITTOREA
D-l
-------
TAXQNQHIC LISTING
TMQNQMIC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCAGOULA, NS — CQUECTED OCTOBER 1986
09/22/87
HESIQNIDAE
HESIONIDAE IIP11)
HESIOHIDflE GENUS C
niCROPHTHALHUS SCZELKONH
PODARKE OBSCURA
PODARKEOPSIS LEVIFUSCINA
LUHBRINERIDAE
LUHBRINERIDAE (LPIL!
LUMBRINER1S (LPIL)
LUMBfilNERIS ERNESTI
LUHBR1NERIS JANUM11
LUHBRINER1S SP.A
LUHBRINERIS SP.D
LUNBR1NERIS TENUI5
LUNBRINER1S VERRILLI
NIKOE SP.B
NAGELONIDAE
NAGELONA (LPIL)
HAGELONA CF. RIOJAI
HAGELOHA PETTIBONEAE
MAGELONA SP.H
NAGELDNA SP.I
NAGELONA 5P.J
HALDAN1DAE
ASYCHIS ELON6ATUS
AII01HELLA NUCOSA
AXIOTHELLA SP.A
CLYHENELLA TORBUATA
KALDANE SP.A
HALDANIDAE (LPIL)
NEPHTYIDAE
A6LAOPHAHUS VERRILLI
NEPHTYS (LPIL)
NEPHTYS INC ISA
NEPHTYS PICTA
NEPHTYS SIHONI
NEREIDAE
NERE1DAE (LPIL)
NEREIS LAHELLOSA
NEREIS KICRONKA
NEREIS SUCCINEA
ONUPHIDAE
DIOPATRA CUPREA
NOOREONUPHIS (LPIL)
ONUPHIDAE (LPIL)
QPHELIIDAE
ARHAND1A HACULATA
TRAVISIA SP.A
ORB1N1IDAE
LEITOSCOLOPLOS (LPIL)
D-2
-------
TMONONIC LISTIN6
TAXONDHIC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCAMULA, US—COLLECTED OCTOBER 1986
09/22/87
ORBINIA AMERICANA
SCOLOPLOS RUBRA
SCOLOPLOS TEIANA
DNENIIDAE
6ALATHOHENIA OCULATA
NYRIQNENIA SP.A
OHEMIA (LPIL)
OMENIA SP.A
PARAOM1DAE
ARIC1DEA (LPIL)
ARICIDEA CATHERINAE
ARICIDEA TAYLORI
ARICIDEA HASS1
C1RRQPHORUS (LPIL)
LEVINSENIA 6RACILIS
PARAONIDAE (LPIL)
PECTINARIIOAE
ANPHICTENE SP.A
PECTINARIA 60ULD1I
PHYLLODOCIDAE
ETEONE HETERQPODA
PilAft&IDAE
ANCISTROSYLLIS 6ROENLANDICA
ANCISTROSYLLIS JONESI
ANCISTROSYLLIS PAP1LLOSA
ANCISTROSYLLIS SP.C
CABIRA INCERTA
LITOCORSA ANTENNATA
S1GAHBRA TENTACULATA
SI6AHBRA HASSI
PDECILOCHAET1DAE
POECILOCHAETUS (LPILI
PGIY&QRDIIDAE
POLYEOROIUS (LPIL)
POLVNOIDAE
LEPIDASTHENIA VARIUS
LEPIDONOTUS SP.A
RALN6REN1ELLA SP.A
HALH6RENIELLA SP.B
POLYHOIDAE (LPIL)
POLVNOIOAE GENUS C
SABELLARIIDAE
SABELLAR1A SP.A
SERPULIDAE
HYDROIDES (LPIL)
HYDROIDES PROTULICOLA
HYOfiOIDES UNCINATA
S16ALIONIDAE
SI6ALIONIDAE (LPIL)
D-3
-------
TAXOWJNIC LISTING
TAX WOK 1C SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCAMULA, US— CttlttTED OCTOBER 1984
09/22/87
STHENELAIS (LPIL)
STHENELAIS SP.A
SPIONIDAE
APOPRIQNOSP10 PY6HAEA
CARAZZIELLA HOBSONAE
PARAPRIONOSPIO PIHNATA
POLYDDRA CQRNUTA
POLYDORA SOCiALIS
PRIONOSPIO (LPIL)
PRIONOSPID CRISTATA
PRIONOSPIO PERKINSI
SPIONIDAE ILPIL)
SPIOPHANES mm
SPIOPHANES CF. NISSIONENSIS
STERNASPIDAE
STERNASPIS SCUTATA
SYLLIDAE
BRAN IA MELLFLEETENSIS
SPHAEROSYLLIS TAYLOR!
TEREBELLIDAE
LOIWIA MEDUSA
PISTA CRISTATA
POLYCIRRUS (LPIL)
ARTHROPODA (CRUSTACEA)
CRUSTACEA (LPIL!
ANPHIPODA
AHPHIPODA (LPIL)
AHPELISCIDAE
AHPELISCA ILPIL)
AflPELISCA A6ASSIZI
ANPELISCA SP.A
AHPELISCA SP.C
ANPELISCA SP.L
AORIOAE
LEHBOS tLPIL)
ARI6ISSIDAE
AR6ISSA HAHAT1PES
COROPHIIDAE
COROPHIUH (LPIL)
ISAEIDAE
PHOTIS (LPIL)
PHOT1S PU6NATOR
1SCHYROCERIDAE
ERICTHONIUS SP.E
LILJEBORGIIDAE
LISTR1ELLA (LPIL)
LISTRIELLA BARNARD!
LISTRIELLA SP.F
HELITIDAE
ELASNOPUS LEVIS
D-4
-------
TAXONOHIC LISTING
TAIONOHIC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCAHULA, 16— COLLECTED OCTOBER 1986
09/22/87
CUHACEA
OEDICERQTIDAE
NONOCULQOES (LPIL)
ttONOCULODES NYEI
PWHOCEPHALIDAE
HETKARP1NA FLORIDANA
PLATYISCHNOP1DAE
EUDEVENOPUS HONDURANUS
PODOCERIDAE
PODOCERUS BRASIL1ENSIS
STENOTHOIDAE
5TENOTHOE NINUTA
SYNOPISDAE
TIRON TRIOCELLATUS
TIRON TROPAKIS
CUHACEA (LPIL)
BODOTRIIDAE
CYCLASPIS (LPIL)
CYCLASPIS BACESCUI
CYCLASPIS PUSTULATA
CYCLASPIS SP.N
DIASTYLIDAE
01YUROSTYLIS (LPIL1
OWHOSTYLIS SHITHI
OXYUROSTYLIS SP.C
LEUCONIDAE
LEUCON (LPIL)
LEUCON SP.C
NANNASTACIDAE
CAHPYLASPIS (LPIL)
DECAPODA
DECAPODA (LPIL)
DECAPODA (NATANTIA)
DECAPODA KATANTIA (LPIL)
ALPHEIDAE
ALPHEUS (LPIL)
ALPHEUS FLOR1DANUS
AUTOMATE (LPIL)
AUTOHATE EVERHANNI
HIPPOLYTIDAE
LATREUTES PARVULUS
THOR (LPIL)
06YRIDAE
06YRIDES ALPHAEROSTRIS
PENAE1DAE
HETAPENAEQPSIS (LPIL)
PEKAEIDAE (LPIL)
TRACHYPENAEUS (LPIL)
TRACHYPENAEUS CONSTRICTUS
D-5
-------
TftXONOflIC LIST1N6
TAIONOniC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA60UIA, NS—COLLECTEi OCTOBER 1986
09/22/87
TRACHYPENAEU5 SIfllLIS
PROCESSIDAE
PROCESSA (LPIL)
PROCESSA HENPH1LLI
SICYONIIDAE
S1CYONIA (IPSU
SOLENOCERIDAE
SOLENOCERA ATLANTIDIS
DECAP00A (fiEPTANTIA)
DECAPODA REPTANTIA ILPIL)
ALBUNEIDAE
ALBUNEA 5IBBESII
ALBUNEIDAE (LPIL)
BRACHYURA
BRACHYURA (LPIL)
CALAPPIDAE
KEPATUS (LPIL)
KEPATUS PUNDiBUNDUS
CALL1ANASS1DAE
CALLlAttASSA (LPIL)
CALLIANASSA BIFORM1S
6QNEPLAC1DAE
6LYPTOPLAX SNITHII
PA6URIDAE
PA6URIDAE (LPIL)
PAfiTHENOPIDAE
HETEROCRYPTA 6RANULATA
PINNOTHERIDAE
PINHIXA (LPIL)
P1NN1IA CHAETOPTERANA
PINNIXA PEARSEI
PINNUA SAYAHA
PINNUA SP.A
PIHNOTHERIDAE (LPIL)
PQRCELLANIDAE
EUCERAHUS PRAELON6US
POfiTUNIDAE
PORTUN10AE (LPIL)
XANTHiDAE
HEXAPANOPEUS AN6USTIFRONS
NEOPANOPE SAYI
PANOPEUS ILPIL)
PANOPEUS OCCIDENTAL IS
PANOPEUS SIHPSDNI
IANTHIDAE (LPIL)
ISOPODA
nUNNIDAE
REYNOLDSI
NYSIDACEA
(1YSIDAE
MYSIDAE (LPIL)
D-6
-------
TAXDKONIC LIST IKS
TAIONQH1C SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCMOULA, MS— COLLECTED OCTOBER 1984
09/22/87
OSTRACOOA
HYSIDOPS1S BIGELOttl
HYSIDOPSIS FURCA
KYSIDOPSIS SP.8
PROHYSIS ATLANTICA
OSTRACODA (LP1L)
CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE
ASTEROPELLA SP.D
ASTEROPTERY6IOH QCUL1TRISTIS
CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE (LP1L)
PARASTERQPE PQLLEX
SARSIELLIDAE
EUSARSIELLA 1LPIL)
EUSARSIELLA CRESSEYI
EUSARSIELLA OISPARALIS
EUSARSIELLA SP.H
EUSARSIELLA SPINOSA
EUSARSIELLA TEKANA
SARSIELLIDAE (LP1L)
CEPHALOCHORDATA
LEPTOCAROII
BRANCKIOSTONIDAE
BRANCHIOSTOHA (LPIL)
BRANCHIOSTDflA BENNETT!
CNIDARIA
ACTINIARIA
ACTINIARIA (LPIL)
ECHINODERHATA
ASTERIODEA
LUIDIIDAE
LUIDIA CLATHRATA
ECHINOIDEA
HOLOTHUROIDEA
ECHIN01BEA (LPIU
HOLOTHUROIOEA (LPIL)
OPHIUROIDEA
OPHIUR01DEA (LPIL)
ANPHIURIDAE
AHPHIOPLUS CON!OfiTODES
AHPHIURIDAE (LP!L>
HICROPHOLIS ATRA
HICROPHOLIS 6RACILLIHA
OPHIOPHRA5IWS LONGISP1NA
OPHIACTIDAE
HEHIPHOLIS ELON6ATA
HENICHORDATA
ENTEROPNEUSTA
BALAN06LOSSUS AWANTIACUS
HOLLUSCA
GASTROPODA
GASTROPODA (LPIL)
D-7
-------
TAIWOHIC LISTINS
TAlONOmC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA60UIA, HS—COLLECTED OCTOBER 1986
09/22/87
ssssssss a=sss
ACTEOCINIDAE
ACTEOCINA BIDENTATA
ACTEOCINA CANALICULATA
ACTEONIDAE
ACTEOM PUNCTOSTRIATUS
BUCC1N10AE
CANTHARUS CANCELLARIUS
CAECIDAE
CAECUH IHBRICATUfl
CAECUM JOHNSWI
CAECUH PLICATUH
CAECW SP.A
COLUHBELLIDAE
ANACHIS (LPIL)
ANACHIS QBESA
CREPIDULIDAE
CREP1DULA (LPIL)
EPITONIIDAE
EP1TON1UH (LPIL)
EPITDNIUn FGL1ACEICOSTW
EPITDNIUH NOVANGLIAE
MELANELLIDAE
HELAKELLA (LPIL)
HELANELLA ARCUATA
HELANELLA COM IDEA
NELANELLA INTERMEDIA
HELANELLA JANAICENSIS
NELANELLIDAE (LPIL)
STROHBIFORHIS HEHPHILLI
STROHBIFQRHIS SP.F
HURICIDAE
UfiOSALPINI (LPIL)
NASSARHDAE
NASSARIUS ACUTUS
NAT1CIDAE
NATICA PUSILLA
OLIVIDAE
OLIVELLA
-------
TAIOMOniC LISTIN6
TAIONONIC SPECIES HIT
EPA-PASCA60ULA, W—WiKTtt OCTOBER 1986
09/22/B7
5333:3333131
PELECYPODA
VOLVULELLA PERSIHIL1S
VOLVULELLA TEXASIANA
TEREBRIDAE
TEREBRA ILPIL)
TURRIDAE
KURTZIELLA (LPIL)
VITRINELLIDAE
CYCLOSTREHISCUS PENTAGONS
SOLAR!ORBIS INFRACAR1NATA
TEINOSTOHA BISCAYNENSE
VITRINELLA (LPIL)
VITRINELLA PLORIDANA
PELECYPQDA (LPIL)
ARCIDAE
ARC1DAE (LPIL)
BARBATIA CANDIDA
NOETIA PONOEROSA
CDRBULIDAE
CORBULA (LPIL)
CORBULA CONTRACTA
CUSPIOAR1IDAE
CARDIOHYA COSTELLATA
LEPTONIDAE
NEAERONYA FLORIDANA
LUC IN(DAE
LINGA (LPIL)
LINGA AHIANTUS
LIN6A PENSYLVANICA
LUCINIDAE (LPIL)
HACTRiDAE
HACTRIDAE (LPIL)
NUCULANIDAE
NUCULANA (LPIL)
NUCULANA ACUTA
KUCULAKA CONCENTRICA
NUCULIDAE
NUCULA PROIIMA
PANDQRIDAE
PANDORA TRILINEATA
SEHELIDAE
ABRA AEQUALIS
SEHELE (LPIL)
SEHELE PROFICUA
SEHELIDAE (LPIL)
SOLENIDAE
ENSIS MINOR
SOLEN VIRIDIS
TELLIKIDAE
HACOHA (LPIL)
D-9
-------
TAJONON1C LISTING
TAKOKOHIC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA6QULA, US— COLLECTED OCTOBER 1984
09/22/87
HACOHA MITCHELL!
HACOHA PULLEY1
tlACOHA TENTA
STR16ILLA «IRABILIS
TELL IDORA CO1STATA
TELLINA (LPIL)
TELLINA AE8UISTRIATA
TELLINA TEXANA
TELLINA VERSICOLOR
TELL1NIDAE (LPIL)
THRACIIDAE
ASTHENOTHAERUS HEdPHILLI
UN6ULINIDAE
DIPLODONTA (LPIL)
DIPLODONTA PUNCTATA
VENERIDAE
AGRIOPONA TEXAS1ANA
CHIOKE CANCELLATA
DOSINIA DISCUS
NERCENARIA CAHPECHIENSIS
VENER10AE (LPIL)
SCAPKOPODA
PHOROMIDA
PLATYHELNINTHES
RHYNCHOCOELA
SIPUNCULA
DENTALIIDAE
DENTALIUn (LPIL)
DENTAL IUK TEIASIANUN
PHORONIS (LPIL)
PLATYHELHINTHES (LPIL)
RHYNCKOCOELA (LPIL)
SIPUNCULA (LPIL)
ASP I DOS IPHONI DAE
ASPIOOSIPHOH (LPIL)
ASPIDOSIPHON ALBUS
60LFIK6S1DAE
PHASCOLION STRONBI
D-10
-------
TA10KOHIC LISTING
TAIONOHIC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA60ULA, NS—COLLECTED APRIL 19B7
09/25/B7
ANNELIDA
OLI6QCHAETA
OLIGOCHAETA iLPIL)
POLYCHAETA
AHPHARETIDAE
ARPHARETE (LP1L)
AKPHARETE SP.A
ARPHARETE SP.B
ARPHARETE SP.C
AHPHARETIDAE (LPIL)
ISOLDS PULCHELLA
HELINNA HACULATA
SABELLIDES SP.A
AttPHINOHIDAE
PARARPHINORE SP.B
ARABELLIDAE
DR1LONEREIS LOHGA
CAPITELLIDAE
REDIQHASIUS (LPIL)
NQTOHASTUS (LPIL)
CHAETOPTERIDAE
SPIOCHAETOPTERUS OCULATUS
CHRYSOPETALIDAE
BHAHAMIA HETEROSETA
ClfiRATULIDAE
CAULLEREELLA (LPIL)
CHAETOZONE (LPIL)
CHAETOZONE SP.D
CIRRATULIDAE (LPIL)
THARYI CF. ANNULOSUS
THARVI OORSOBRANCHIALIS
THARYK SP.A
COSSURIDAE
COSSURA DELTA
COSSURA SOYERI
DORVILLEIDflE
SCHISTQRERINGOS CF. RUDOLPHI
FLABELLI6ERIDAE
BRADA VILLQSA
6LYCERIDAE
6LYCERA (LPIL)
GLYCERA AttERICANA
6LYCERA D1BRANCH1ATA
GLYCERA SP.A
GLYCERA SP.D
GLYCERIDAE (LPIL)
50NIADIDAE
GLYCiNDE NDRDRANNI
6LYCINDE SOLITARIA
D-ll
-------
TAXONOniC LISTING
TAXONQHIC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA60UIA, BS—CfllLECTEJ APRIL 1987
09/25/87
SSSSSSSSSSSSSB3SSS
ssssassssasssssssssss:::::==s=ss::s:=s=ss=sssssssss8:
BON!ADA LITTOREA
HE5ION!DAE
HES10N1DAE ILP1L)
PQDARKEOPSIS LEVIFUSCINA
LUHBRINERIDAE
LUHBRINERIS
-------
TAHJNOmC LISTIN6
TMMMIC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA60ULA, HS--CO1ECTED ftPfllL 1987
09/25/87
SSSSSSSSSSSSS3
ssssssssssssssssss:
ARIC1DEA PHIL8INAE
ARICIDEA SP.J
ARICIOEA TAYLORI
CIRROPHQRUS (LPIL)
LEVINSENIA 6RACILIS
PECTIMARIIOAE
AHPHICTENE SP.A
PECTINMIA 60ULDII
PECTINARIIDAE (LPIL)
PHYLLODOCIDAE
ETEONE LACTEA
PARANAITIS SARD1HER!
PHYLLODOCE (LPIL)
PHYLLODQCE ARENAE
PHYLLODOCE CASTANEA
PHVLLODOCIOAE (LPIL)
PILAR6IDAE
ANCISTROSYLL!S fifiOENLANDICA
ANCISTROSYLLIS JONESI
ANCISTROSYLLIS PAPILLOSA
ANCISTROSYLLIS SP.C
CABIRA INCERTA
SIGAflBRA BASSI
SI6AK8RA TENTACULATA
POECILDCHAETIDAE
POECILOCKAETUS (LPIL)
POLYNOIDAE
LEPIDASTHENIA VARIUS
LEPIDONOTUS SP.A
nALKERENIELLA SP.A
NALflERENIELLA SP.B
POLYNOIDAE (LPIL)
SABELLARIIDAE
SABELLARIA (LPIL)
SERPULIDAE
SERPULIDAE (LPIL)
SI6ALIONIDAE
SI6ALIONIDAE (LPIL)
STHENELAIS SP.A
SPIONIDAE
CARAZZ1ELLA HOBSONAE
DISPIO UNCINATA
niCROSPIO P16KENTATA
PARAPRIONOSPIO PINNATA
POLYDORA CORNUTA
PRIONOSPIO (LPIL)
PRIOKOSPIO CRISTATA
PRIONOSPIO PERKINSI
SPIONIDAE (LPIL)
D-13
-------
TAXOKWJC USTIK6
TAHWM1IC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA60JLA, HS—GOU.ECTE9 APRIL 1987
W/25/87
SP10PHANES BOHBVI
SPIOPHANES CF. ftlSSlONENSIS
STERNASPIDAE
STERNASPIS SCUTATA
TEREBELLIDAE
PISTA CRISTATA
PISTA SP.C
ARTHROPODA (CRUSTACEA)
CRUSTACEA (LPIL)
ANPHIPODA
ANPHIPQDA (LPIL)
AMPELISC1DAE
AMPELISCA (LPIL)
AMPELISCA AGASSIU
AHPELISCA BICARINATA
AHPELISCA SP.A
ANPELISCA SP.C
AflPELISCA SP.L
ARI6ISS1DAE
ARGISSA HAHATIPES
BATE1DAE
BATEA CATHARINENS1S
COROPHIIOAE
COROPHIUH (LPIL)
CQROPHIUH ACHERUSICUN
COROPHIUfl ACUTUH
COROPKIUN SP.N
COROPHIUn TUBERCULATU11
HAUSTORIIOAE
PROTOHAUSTDRIUS SP.H
ISAEIDAE
N1CROPROTOPUS RANEYI
PHOTIS (LPIL)
PHOT IS NACROCOXA
PHOTIS HACROIMNUS
PHOT IS PUGNATOft
PHOTIS SP.tt
ISCHVROCERIDAE
CERAPUS BENTHOPHILUS
ERICHTHONIUS SP.E
ISCHYROCERICAE GENUS A
LILJEBORGIIDAE
LISTRIELLA (LPIL)
LISTRIELLA BARNARDI
LISTRIELLA SP.F
OEDICEROTIDAE
HONOCUIODES (LPIL)
HONOCULODE5 KYE!
OEDICEROTIDAE ILPIL)
D-14
-------
TAXONflHIC LISTING
TA1DNMIC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA60ULA, MS—COLLECTED APRIL 1987
09/25/87
ssssssssssss
SYttCHELIDIUN AHERICANUR
PHOXOCEPHALIDAE
KETHARPINA FLORIDANA
PLATYISCHNOPIDAE
EUDEVENOPUS HONDURANUS
SYNQP11DAE
TIRGK TRJDCELLATUS
CUHACEA
CUHACEA (LPILI
BODOTRIIDAE
CYCLASPIS SP.N
CYCLASPIS SP.O
CYCLASPIS VARIANS
DIASTYLIDAE
OIYUROSTYLIS ILPIL)
OIYUROSTYL1S SMITHI
OIYUROSTYLIS SP.B
OUUROSTYLIS SP.C
LEUCOKIDAE
EUDORELLA (LPIL)
EUDORELLA HONODON
EUDORELLA SP.A
LEUCOH SP.C
LEUCON1DAE (LPIL)
NANNASTACIDAE
CANPYLASPIS ILPIL)
CANPVLASPIS SP.N
CAHPYLASP1S SP.P
DECAPODA (NATANTIA)
DECAPODS NATANTIA (LPIL)
ALPHEIDAE
AUTONATE EVERNANNI
06YR1DAE
06YRIDES (LPIL)
06YRIDES ALPHAEROSTRIS
PASIPttAEIDAE
LEPTOCKELA SERRATORBITA
PENAEIDAE
TRACHYPENAEUS (LPIL)
TRACHYPENAEUS CONSTRICTUS
DECAPODA (REPTANTIA)
DECAPODA REPTANTIA (LPIL)
ALBUNE1DAE
ALBUNEA PARETII .
SONEPLACIDAE
SPEQCARCINUS LOBATUS
PA6URIDAE
PAGURIDAE (LPIL)
P1NNOTHERIDAE
PINNIKA (LPIL)
D-15
-------
TAXONOH1C LISTING
TAJOWMIC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA6WJLA, HS—COLLECTED APRIL 1987
09/25/87
saaassassssssssssssasssssSBazassszsssssssasssssssssrssssss
PINNIJfl LUNZ1
P1NNIXA PEARSEI
PINN1IA SP.A
PIKN1XA SP.B
PINNOTHERIDAE ILPiLI
PORCELLANIDAE
EUCERAflUS PRAELON6US
KANTH1DAE
IANTHIDAE (LP1L)
1SOPODA
HVS1DACEA
OSTRACODA
ANT1AS1DAE
ANT1AS SP.B
I DOTE I DAE
1 DOTE!DAE (LP1L)
KUNKI&AE
KUNNA HAVESI
SPHAEROHIDAE
ANCINUS OEPRESSUS
HYSIDACEA (LPIL)
HYS1DAE
flYSIDAE (LPILt
HYSIDOPS1S BI6EIOHI
PROHYSIS ATLANTICA
OSTRACOOA (LPIL)
SARSIELLIDAE
EUSARSIELLA (LPILI
EUSARSIELLA CRESSEYI
EUSARSIELLA DISPARALIS
EUSARSIELLA 6ETTLESONI
EUSARSIELLA PILLIPOLLICIS
EUSARSIELLA SPIMSA
EUSARSIEILA TE1AMA
STOMATOPODA
STONATOPODA (LPIL)
BfiACHlOPOM
BRACHIOPODA (LPIL)
CEPHALOCHORDATA
LEPTOCARDII
BRANCHIOSTOHIDAE
BRANCH!OSTOHA (LPIL)
BRANCHIOSTOMA BENNETTI
BRANCH!OSTQHA LON6IROSTRUN
CNIDARIA
ACT INIARIA
ECHIN00ERHATA
ACTINIARIA (LPIL)
ECHINODERMTA (LPIL)
D-16
-------
TA10NOHIC LISTING
TMWMC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA6BUIA, US—COLLECTED APRIL 1987
09/25/87
ASTEROIDEA
ASTEROIDEA (LPIL)
ECHINOIDEA
ECH1NOIDEA (LPIL)
HOLOTHUROIDEA
HOLQTNUROIDEA UPIL)
OPH1UROIOEA
OPHIUROIDEA (LPIL)
AflPHlURIDAE
ftflPHIODIA PULCHELLA
AMPH1QPLUS THRONBODES
AHPHIURIDAE (LPIL)
HICRQPHOLIS ATRA
niCROPHOLIS 6RACILLINA
OPHIACT1DAE
HEdlPHOLIS ELONEATA
HENICHORDATA
ENTEROPNEUSTA
BALAND6LQSSUS AURAttTIACUS
ItOLLUSCA
GASTROPODA
GASTROPODA (LPIL)
ACTEQCINIDAE
ACTEOCINA BIDENTATA
ACTEOCINA CAMALICULATA
ACTEOHIDAE
ACTEON PUNCTOSTRIATUS
BUCC1NIDAE
CANTHARUS CANCELLARIUS
CAECIDAE
CAECUM COOPER I
CAECUN INBRICATUH
CAECUM JOHNSONI
CAECUH SP.A
COLUNBELL1DAE
ANACK1S OBE5A
EPITONIIDAE
EP1TOMIUN (LPIL)
flELAKELLIDAE
KELANELLA (LPIL)
HELANELLA ARCUATA
STROKBIFORNIS (LPIL)
STROHBIFORfltS HEHPHILLI
STROHBIFORHIS 5P.F
NUfllCIDAE
THAIS HAEHASTOHA
UfiOSALPINX PERRU6ATA
NASSARIIDAE
NASSARIUS ACUTUS
D-17
-------
TfllONONIC LISTIN6
TAIMM1C SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA60ULA, US—COLLECTED APRIL 1987
09/25/87
NATICIDAE
NAT1CA PUSILLA
POLIN1CE5 (LP1L)
POLIN1CES DUPLICATUS
OLIVIDAE
OL1VELLA FLOfiALlA
PYRAH1DELLiDAE
EULINASTOHA (LPIL)
TUR80NILLA (LPIL)
TURBONILLA CONRADI
TEREBRIDAE
TEREBRA DfSLOCATA
TURR1DAE
KURTZ1ELLA (LPIL)
VITRINELLIDAE
CYCLOSTREHISCUS PENTAGONUS
SOLAR I ORB IS IMFRACARINATA
VITRINELLA (LPIL)
VITRINELLA FLORIDANA
VITRINELLA HELICOIDEA
NUDI BRANCH IA
NUD1BRANCHIA (LPIL)
PELECYPODA
PELECYPODA (LPILI
ARC!DAE
ARCIDAE (LPIL)
BARBATIA (LPIL)
WET IA PQNOEROSA
CARD1I&AE
CARDI10AE (LPIL)
DINOCARDIUK RDBUSTUH
CARD HI DAE
CARD1TIDAE (LPIL)
CORBULIDAE
CORBULA (LPIL)
CORBULA CONTRACTA
CUSP IDARII DAE
CARDIOHYA COSTELLATA
LUC1NIDAE
L1N6A AHIANTUS
LUCINIDAE (LPIL)
LYONS 11 DAE
LYONSIA '.LPIL)
LYONSIA HYALINA FLORIDANA
flACTRIDAE
MACTRIDAE (LPIL)
HULIN1A LATERALIS
NUCULANIDAE
NUCULANA (LPIL)
D-18
-------
TAIONOHIC LIST 1KB
TMWOH1C SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA60ULA, US— COLLECTED APRIL 1997
09/25/87
SCAPHOPODA
PHORQNIDfl
RHYNCHOCQElft
SIPUNCULA
NUCULAKA ACUTA
NUCULANA CONCENTRICA
KUCULIDAE
NUCULA CRENULATA
NUCULA PflOXINA
NUCULA SP.A
PANDOR1DAE
PANDORA (LPIL)
SEKEL2DAE
ABRA AEQUALIS
SENELE (LPIL)
SEHELE NUCULOIDES
SENELE PURPURASCENS
SOLEHYACIDAE
SOLENYACIDAE (LPIL)
SflLENIDAE
ENSIS (LPIL)
ENSIS III NOR
SOLENIDAE (LPIL)
TELLIH1EAE
STRI6ILLA NIRABILIS
TELLIKA (LPIL)
TELLINA VERSICOLOR
TELLINIDAE (LPIL)
THRACIIDAE
ASTHENOTHAERUS HENPHILL1
UN6ULINIDAE
DIPLODONTA PUNCTATA
DIPLOOONTA SP.B
VENERIDAE
DOSIHIA DISCUS
DOSINIA ELE6ANS
VENERIDAE (LPIL)
D£NTALIIDAE
DENTALIUN (LPIL)
DENTALIUN TEXASIANUN
PHORONIS (LPIL)
RHYNCHOCOELA (LPILI
SIPUNCULA (LPIL)
ASPIDOSIPHONIDAE
ASP100SIPHON (LPIL)
ASPIDOSIPHW ALBUS
ASPIDOSIPHON NUELLERI
60LFIN6IIDAE
PHASCOLION STRONBI
D-19
-------
TAHMON1C LISTING
TAXONONIC SPECIES LIST
EPA-PASCA60ULA, HS--COLLECTED AP«K 1987
09/25/87
URGCHORDATA
ASCID1ACEA
ASCIDIACEA (LPIL)
D-20
-------
APPENDIX E
DEMERSAL FISHES
AND
INVERTEBRATES
FROM THE
PASGAGOULA ODMDS AND VICINITY
-------
-------
FISHES COLLECTED IN THE PASCAGOULA ODMDS AND VICINITY
Scientific Name
Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinus brevipinna
Carcharhinus limbatus
Rhizoprionodon terranovae
NMPS
BENSON
X
X
X
HEST
Sphyrnidae
Sphyrna tiburo
Rhinobatidae
Rhinobatos lentiginosus
Torpedinidae
Narcine brasiliensis
Torpedo nobiliana
X
X
Rajidae
Raja eglanteria
Dasyatidae
Dasyatis americana
p_^ sabina
p_^ sayi
Gymnura micrura
Myliobatidae
Aetobabus narinari
Elopidae
Elops saurus
X
X
X
X
Muraenidae
Gytnnothorax nigromarginatus
Clupeidae
Alosa sp.
Brevoortia patronus
Etrumeus teres
Harengula jaguana
Opisthonema oglinum
Satdinella aurita
X
X
X
X
X
X
Engraulidae
Anchoa hepsetus
A^ lyolepis
A. mitchilli
X
X
X
X
X
Synodontidae
Synodus foeteris
E-l
-------
Scientific Name
NMFS
BENSON
HE&T
Ari idae
Arius fells
Bagre marinus
X
X
Batrachoididae
Porichthys plectrodon X
Antennariidae
Antennarius radiosus X
Ogcocephalidae
Halieutichthys aculeatus X
Ogcocephalus radiatus X
O. vespertilio X
Gadidae
Urophycis floridana
Ophidiidae
Brotula barbata
Lepophidium graellsi
Ophidion gray!
O. marginatum
O. welshi
X
X
X
X
X
Atherinidae
Menidia peninsulae
Syngnathidae
Hippocampus erectus X
Percichthyidae
Morone saxatilis
Serranidae
Centropristis philadelphica X
Diplectruiri bivittatum X
D^ formosum X
Serraniculus pumilio X
Pomatornidae
Pomatomus saltatrix X
Rachycentridae
Rachycentron canadum X
Echeneidae
Echeneis naucrates
Remora remora
X
X
E-2
-------
Scientific Name
Carangidae
Caranx crysos
C. hippos
Chloroscombrus chrysurus
Decapterus punctatus
Selene ypmer
Seriola dumerili
Trachinotus carolinus
Trachurus lathami
Vomer setapinnis
Lutjanidae
Lutjanus campechanus
L^ griseus
L^ synagris
Lobotidae
Lobotes surlnamensis
Gerreidae
Bucinostomus gula
NMFS
BENSON
HE&T
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Haemulidae
Haemulon aurollneatum X
Orthopr1st is chrysoptera X
Sparidae
Archosargus probatocephalus X
Lagodon rhotnboides X
Stenotomus caprinus X
X
X
X
X
X
Sciaenidae
Baicdiella chrysoura
Cynpscion arenarius
C_. nebulosus
<~-L no thus
Larimus f asciatus
Leiostomus xanthurus
Menticirrhus americanus
M^ littoralis
Micropogonias undulatus
Pogonias crotnis
Sciaenops ocellatus
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ephippidae
Chaetodipterus faber
Mug il idae
Mugil cephalus
E-3
-------
Scientific Name
NMFS
BENSON
HEiT
Sphyraenidae
Sphyraena guachancho
Polynemidae
Polydactylus octonemus
Uranoscopidae
Astroscopus y-graecuro
Kathetostoma albigutta
X
X
Gobiidae
Bollmannia communis
Trichiuridae
Trichiurus lepturus
Scombridae
Scomberoroorus cavalla
S. maculatus
X
X
X
X
Stromateidae
Peprilus burti
Peprilus triacanthus
Psenes sp.
Scorpaenidae
Scorpaena calcarata
x
X
X
Triglidae
Prionotus martis
P. ophryas
P roseus
P^ salmon i color
P. scitulus
P. tribulus
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bothidae
Ancylopsetta quadrocellata X
Bothus gee Hat us X
Citharichthys macrops X
C^ spilopterus X
Etropus crossotus X
E_^ microstomus X
E_t r imosus X
Paralichthys albigutta
P_^ lethostigma X
Syacium gunte^ci X
S. papillosum X
X
X
X
X
E-4
-------
Scientific Name
Soleidae
Achirus lineatus
Gymnachirus texae
Trinectes maculatus
NMFS
BENSON
HE&T
X
X
X
Cynoglossidae
Symphurus diomedianus
S^ plagiusa
Balistidae
Aluterus
sp.
Balistes capriscus
Monacanthus hispidus
Ostraciidae
Lactophrys guadricornis
Tetraodontidae
Lagocephalus laevigatus
Sphoeroides parvus
Diodontidae
Chilomycterus schoepfi
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
E-5
-------
INVERTEBRATES COLLECTED IN THE PASCAGOULA ODMDS AND VICINITY
Scientific Name NMFS BENSON HE&T
Scyphozoa
Aurelia aurita X
Octocorallia
Renilla mulleri X
Gastropoda
Murex sp.
Busy con sp.
Tonna sp.
Nudibranchia
Cephalopoda
Lol igo pealei i
Lplligunculus brevis
Octopus sp.
Crustacea
Scapellum sp.
Sicyonia dorsalis
Sicyonia sp.
Penaeus aztecus
Zi setiferus
Trachypenaeus sp.
Xiphopenaeus sp.
Arenaeus cribrar ius
Calappa f lammea
Callinectes sapidus
C. si mil is
Libinia sp.
Ovalipes ocellatus
Ovalipes sp.
Pagurus pollicaris
Portunus sp.
Squi lla empusa
Squill^ sp.
Echinodermata
Astropecten sp.
Sncope sp.
La id i a clathrata
Echinoidea
Spatangidae
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
E-6
-------
NMFS = represents 128 collections made by the Pascagoula, MS, NMFS
Laboratory, between 1950 and 1985.
BENSON = After information presented in Benson, 1982
HE&T = Harmon Engineering & Testing, 1984a. Represents samples collected by
Harmon in April and August 1983.
E-7
-------
-------
APPENDIX F
EXCERPTS FROM
•ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS
IN THE MISSISSIPPI SOUND OFFSHORE REGION"
BY
BJORN KJERFVE AND JAMES E. SNEED
1984
-------
-------
10. CURRENTS AND DYNAMICS
A. Current Stations and Data
During the study, 8 hydrographic stations (Cl-8),
each containing surface and bottom recording current
meters were maintained in the study area (Fig. *.1 and
Table 4.1). The data sets synthesized for this report
consist of component vector current time series derived
from those current meters.
Thirty nine of the 48 potential current data sets (2
positions at each of 8 stations for the three deployment
periods) were successfully recovered in the study. The
percentages of data recovery obtained for each
stat ion/position/dep1oyment combination are presented in
Table 10.1. The 9 data sets that were not recovered were
lost to a variety of physical problems (Table 4.2),
primarily related to intense trawl fishing activity within
the study area. In addition, biofouling seriously
impacted some of the recovered data sets, especially those
from the surface meters during deployment period C. The
nature and extent of these biofouling problems is
discussed in chapter 4, part C. A tabular summary of the
significant impacts of biofouling on the current data
quality is provided in Table 4.3.
206
P-l
-------
Table 10.1
Percent current data returned for each
deployment period.
s t at i on
and
Stat
Cl
Cl
C2
C2
C3
C3
C4
C4
C5
C5
C6
C6
C7
C7
ca
C8
To
ion
: I
: 3
: I
: 3
: I
; 3
: I
: 3
: I
: 3
: L
: 3
: 1
: 3
: 1
: 3
tal
Period A
94
94
94
94
94
89
0
0
96
96
42
42
92
45
93
80
72
Period B
81
81
81
81
82
15
72
7 2
7 2
72
93
88
92
92
92
92
79
Period C
0
0
71
93
0
0
85
85
91
0
0
0
89
89
89
90
49
Total
60
60
83
90
60
36
5 I
5 I
86
58
45
4 4
91
74
91
87
67
Mote - :1 indicates a surface station, :3 a bottom station
207
F-2
-------
The starting and ending times, and durations of the
current record segments are given In Table I.S (Appendix
I). Summary statistics from the current records are given
in Table II.5 in Appendix II. Frequency distributions of
current speeds and directions are presented in Fig.
III.61-170 (Appendix III), for each of the current
stations at each deployment period as well as the joint
data. For each station/position/dep1oyment combination,
as well as for the joint data from each stat ion/position,
the current distribution is also summarized in speed and
direction rose diagrams (Fig. IV. 13-67) in Appendix IV.
All current time series for each deployment are included
within the hydrographic station time series plots (Fig.
V. 13-52; Appendix V). The filtered time series are
similarly presented graphically in Fig. VI.13-32 (Appendix
VI). The current records are also presented in a
pseudo-Lagrangian fashion by means of PVD's for each
current meter and deployment (Fig. VII. 10-48; Appendix
VII) .
208
F-3
-------
B. Winter Current
Examination of the frequency distributions of current
speeds for the winter deployment period (Appendix III)
reveals that, at all stations, modal or characteristic
current speeds differed little between the surface and
bottom records. However, the bottom records were
characterized by speed frequency distributions less skewed
towards higher speeds than the corresponding surface
frequency distributions. Bottom records also exhibited
lower mean velocities, a result of the bottom records
containing fewer high velocity current readings.
The directional frequency distributions reveal that
bottom currents were more concentrated into preferred
directions at each station than surface currents, except
at stations 5 and 6, where the surface currents were more
clearly directiona11y defined. At most stations both
surface and bottom currents recorded two preferred, though
not necessarily opposing, direction ranges. The preferred
directions exhibited by the surface and bottom currents
often differed substantially.
This pattern of well defined directional preferences
in the current data is confirmed in the current speed and
direction rose diagrams (Appendix IV). The current rose
diagrams also provide a clear visual confirmation of the
209
F-4
-------
near absence of stronger currents at most bottom stations.
The overall current speed and direction distribution
pattern reflects the reduced impact of irregular, local
wind effects in driving the offshore study area currents.
This is especially true in the case of bottom currents.
As a result of the reduced importance of meteorological
forcing more predictable and directionlly confined tidal
currents dominate the current structures.
The resultant currents for the winter deployment
(Table II.6; Appendix II) are presented graphically in Fig
10.1. Surface currents at most of the stations were
between west-northwest and west- southwest in response to
the southerly and southwesterly resultant winds
encountered during this deployment. At station C6 the
currents appear to have been dominated by flow into Mobile
Bay through Main Pass. At station CL the surface currents
are nearly due south, perhaps in response to topographic
blocking due to the barrier formed by the Chandeleur
Islands and the shallow waters of Chandeleur Sound. The
net discharge from the western Mississippi Sound/Lake
Borgne/Lake Pontchartrain complex contributed to such a
southward flow.
All stations had bottom current vectors that were
displaced to the right of the surface vectors, except at
station C6, where bottom flow was also dominated by
210
F-5
-------
MISSISSIPPI SOUND
MEAN CURRENT VECTORS
1 NOV. 1980 - 9 JAN. 1981
Pig. 10.1 Resultant surface (solid) and bottom (dashed)
current vectors for the 7 recovered current
moorings in the Mississippi Sound Offshore
Study Area during deployment period A. The
origin of the vector is the station location.
211
F-6
-------
flooding into Mobile Bay. The resultant bottom currents
are significantly less energetic than the surface currents
at all stations except stations C6 and C8. These
observation suggest that the absence, in the deeper
offshore study area, of the bottom friction dominated
Coriolis boundary layer previously reported for the
interior of Mississippi Sound (Kjerfve, 1981).
The rms currents for the deployment (Table II.6;
Appendix II) are repeated in Fig 10.2. The rres current
ellipses confirm that the surface currents displayed
greater variability than the bottom currents at all
stations with the exception of station C6, where surface
and bottom rms values were nearly identical on both axes.
The current ellipses also reveal that, for most of the
stations, the variability in the winter currents was
concentrated in the shore parallel component. The
exceptions to this generalization were at stations C8,
where surface currents were equally energetic in both
axes, and C2, where shore normal variance slightly
exceeded the shore parallel variance at both depths.
The current data from all stations displayed well
defined tidal frequency vertical coherences at all
stations during the deployment period. Cross spectral
analysis of vertical pairs of component currents revealed
highly significant coherence between surface and bottom
212
F-7
-------
MISSISSIPPI SOUND
rms CURRENT ELLIPSES
1 NOV. 1980 - 9 JAN. 1981
OUTER:SURFACE
INNER:BOTTOM
Fig 10.2 Graphic representation of the u and v rms
currents for the surface (outer) and bottom
(inner) current meters for the 7 recovered
current moorings in the Mississippi Sound
Offshore Study Area during deployment A. At
each station the instantaneous u and v
component current magnitudes are plotted as u
rms and v rms values in the form of an
ellipse with axis of 2 x u rms and 2 x v rms.
Thus the graph gives a representation of the
magnitude, orientation and variability of the
currents. The centers of the ellipses are
the station locations.
. 213
F-8
-------
currents at all stations for all tidal frequencies. Many
station* also exhibited significant coherence between
surface and bottom currents in the meteorological
frequency range, particularly in the short period (<4 day)
portion of that range. However the vertical coherence at
meteorological frequencies, especially at longer periods,
was nowhere as pronounced nor everywhere as consistent as
that at tidal frequencies. Comparison of the paired
surface and bottom PVD' s (Appendix VII), confirms a
tendency for regular covariation of the surface and bottom
current records for most stations. However, although
major current events can be visually correlated between
the surface and bottom records at most stations, there is
also a great deal of variation between those records,
particularly on longer time scales.
Rotary spectral analysis of the current data revealed
a general pattern, in the meteorological frequency band,
of clockwise rotary currents in the western end of the
study area with a transition to predominantly rectilinear
currents in the eastern portion. As an example, the
rotary coefficient spectra at station Cl (Fig. 10.3)
indicates strong clockwise rotation of the currents over
the entire meteorological frequency band (variance
weighted mean meteorological coefficient of rotation of
0.624) while at station C8 the currents were only
214
F-9
-------
PERIOD (days)
CUR STA C1 POS 1
JD 306-360
10
CYCLES PER HOUR
10
Fig. 10.3 Rotary coefficient spectrum of surface
current at station Cl, . deployment A. 1296
hourly data points are used as 5 overlapping
1200 point segments, 6 degrees of freedom per
segment and 24 hour cosine taper on the
segment ends. The resulting spectrum has
6.48 degrees of freedom.
215
F-10
-------
moderately clockwise rotational (Fig. 10.4) with a
weighted mean coefficient of rotation of 0.197 for the
meteorological band. Diurnal tides at individual stations
varied over a wide range of coefficient of rotation values
in apparent response to the influence of the local
topography and the several tidal passes in the study area.
However, at tidal frequencies, there emerged a general
pattern in the sense of rotation of the diurnal tidal
currents opposite to that encountered in the
meteorological frequency band. The eastern stations
displayed diurnal tidal currents that were more strongly
clockwise rotational while the western stations displayed
nearly rectilinear or even counterclockwise senses of
diurnal motion. As examples of this pattern compare the
diurnal frequency rotational coefficients at western
station Cl (Fig. 10.3) and eastern station C8 (Fig. 10.4).
Examination of current coherences among the inshore
stations (Cl, C3, and C6), and among the stations further
offshore (C2, C5, C7, and C8), as well as between the
available pairs of roughly shorenormal1y aligned stations
(C3 + C2 and C6 •*• C7) were made by means of multiple
cross-spectral analysis for both surface and bottom
cur rent s.
At tidal frequencies, both u and v component currents
were, in general, highly coherent for most analyses,
216
F-ll
-------
PERIOD (days)
UJ
u.
UL
UJ
O
U
O
QC
O
in
CUR STA C8 POS 1
JD 309-374 7.80 df
1 -3
10
i -2
10
i -i
10
CYCLES PER HOUR
Fig. 10.4 Rotary coefficient spectrum of surface
current at station C8, deployment A. 1560
hourly data points are used as 5 overlapping
1200 point segments, 6 degrees of freedom per
segment and 24 hour cosine taper on the
segment ends. The resulting spectrum has
7.80 degrees of freedom.
217
F-12
-------
except those pairs extending over the. full east-west
extent of the study area. Specifically, the eastern
stations (Cl-3) were highly coherent with one another, as
were the western stations (C4-8), though the coherence was
markedly reduced for all pairings of stations from the two
groups. These results indicated that both the diurnal and
semidiurnal tides propagate similarly through the study
area as generally northward advancing waves with an added
westward component in the western stations.
At meteorological frequencies no station pairings
were more than moderately coherent. Meteorological
frequency coherence, when encountered, was only found at a
few frequency estimates between adjacent surface stations.
Pig 10.5 provides an example of one of the station
pairings exhibiting such typical, possibly significant
coherence in the meteorological frequency band as well as
the high tidal frequency coherence encountered in typical
station and position pairs. It thus appears that the
current structure of the study area was, at best, only
locally coherent at meteorological frequencies during the
winter.
The lack of coherence in the longer period currents
is confirmed by the current PVO's (Appendix VII).
Although it is frequently possible to see in the PVD's
equivalent events in neighboring stations for multi day
2 18
F-13
-------
PERIOD (days)
u CUR STA 2
POS 1
u CUR STA 5
TSD POS 1
JD 308-372
7.68 df
-.01
-.05|
-.10'
-.25
CYCLES PER HOUR
Fig. 10.5 Coherence spectrum of surface u current at
station C2 and surface u current at station
C5, deployment A. 1536 hourly data points
are used as 5 overlapping 1200 point
segments, 6 degrees of freedom per segment
and 24 hour cosine taper on the segment ends.
The resulting spectrum has 7.68 degrees of
f r e edom.
219
F-H
-------
segments of the deployment period, the PVD'3 reveal no
area wide systematic variation, in their pseudo-Lagrangian
mot ions.
220
F-15
-------
C. Spring Currents
An examination of the deployment B frequency
distributions of current speed and directions (Appendix
III) and the corresponding current rose diagrams (Appendix
IV) reveals strong similarities between the spring
deployment and the patterns discerned in the winter
deployment. Again, as in the winter, modal speeds were
similar for surface and bottom meters at each station.
The bottom mean speeds were once more distinctly reduced
due to the near absence of currents in the higher velocity
ranges. In general the modal speeds at each station were
similar for the two deployments. Similarly, the direction
distributions again feature pronounced, usually bimodal,
directional preferences. For half of the stations (Cl(s),
C2(s&b], C3[s&b), and C6[s&b]) the preferred directions
were quite similar to those displayed in the winter
deployment. However, the tendency towards defined current
directions was less developed in the spring deployment
data, as can be seen by the trend towards more balanced
arms seen in the spring current rose diagrams.
The resultant currents from the spring deployment
(Table II.6; Appendix II) are presented in Fig. 10.6.
While the current speed and direction frequency
distributions were generally similar in overall patterns
221
F-16
-------
MISSISSIPPI SOUND
MEAN CURRENT VECTORS
21 MARCH - 23 MAY 1981
. - ..'-*• *. '*
Fig. 10.6 Resultant surface (solid) and bottom (dashed)
current vectors for the 8 current moorings in
the Mississippi Sound Offshore Study Area
during deployment period B. The origin of
the vector is the station location.
222
F-17
-------
for Che winter and spring deployments, the resultant
currents were radically different. The overall surface
flow now exhibited a dominant eastward sense at all
stations except C4 and C5, where northward flow towards
Petit Bois Pass predominated both at the surface and at
depth. Though bottom resultant currents were everywhere
less than half the magnitude of the resultant surface
currents, there was no regular relationship between
surface and bottom resultant current directions. Four of
the current stations (Cl, C4, C5, and C8) displayed a
right hand shift of direction with depth while the
remaining four stations showed left hand shifts.
The spring deployment rms currents given in Table
II.6 (Appendix II) are graphically presented in figure
10.7. Variation in the current records was concentrated
in the u component except at stations C2, C5 and the
bottom record at station C8. At all stations the surface
variation was significantly greater than that at depth and
variations were generally greater than those displayed
during the winter deployment, especially at the western
s t at ions.
The vertical coherence of the currents during the
spring deployment was noticeably reduced relative to that
of deployment A for most stations at both meteorological
and tidal frequencies. This reduction was particularly
223
F-18
-------
MISSISSIPPI SOUND
rms CURRENT ELLIPSES
21 MARCH - 23 MAY 1981 .
OUTER:SURFACE
INNER:BOTTOM
I- o 10 20
fig 10.7 Graphic representation of the u and v rras
currents for the surface (outer) and bottom
(inner) current meters for the 8 current
moorings in the Mississippi Sound Offshore
Study Area during deployment B. The centers
of the ellipses are the station locations.
224
F-19
-------
evident in the meteorological frequency band as can be
seen by examination of the PVD's (Appendix VII) where only
station C6 displays a strong correlation between surface
and bottom currents.
The overall pattern in current rotational senses for
the spring deployment was similar to that encountered in
deployment period A. In the meteorological frequency band
the pattern of a decreasing sense of clockwise motion from
western to eastern and from inshore to offshore stations
was repeated. However, in contrast to the winter
deployment, the spring values ranged between essentially
rectilinear motions at station Cl (Fig. 10.8) to a
pronouncedly counterclockwise sense of rotation at station
C8 (Fig. 10.9). At the tidal frequency the overall
pattern of the winter deployment was repeated with even
greater contrast across the study area. The eastern
stations (eg Fig. 10.9) again displayed diurnal tidal
currents that, in general, were strongly clockwise
rotational while the western stations (eg Fig. 10.8)
usually displayed counterclockwise senses of diurnal
mot ion.
As in the case of deployment A, examination of
current coherences among the inshore stations (Cl, C3, C4,
and C6), the offshore stations (C2, C5, C7, and C8), and
the roughly aligned shorenormai pairs of stations (C3 *
225
F-20
-------
g
PERIOD (days)
20 10
.5 .25
CUR STA C1 POS 1
JD 446-499
6.32 df
' -3
10
10 10
CYCLES PER HOUR
o
10
Fig. 10.8 Rotary coefficient spectrum of surface
current at station Cl, deployment B. 1264
hourly data points are used as 5 overlapping
1200 point segments, 6 degrees of freedom per
segment and 24 hour cosine taper on the
segment ends. The resulting spectrum has
6.32 degrees of freedom.
226
F-21
-------
PERIOD (days)
o
o
20
i
10
2
J_
.5
.25
L_
I-
z
UJ
5
CUR STA C8 POS 1
JD 449-509
7.20 df
-3
i -Z
10
' 1-1
10
CYCLES PER HOUR
'o
10
Fig. 10.9 Rotary coefficient spectrum of surface
current at station C8, deployment 8. 1440
hourly data points are used as 5 overlapping
1200 point segments, 6 degrees of freedom per
segment and 24 hour cosine taper on the
segment ends. The resulting spectrum has
7.20 degrees of freedom.
227
F-22
-------
C2, C4 •*• C5 , and C6 +• C7) were made using cross-spectral
analysis of surface and bottom currents. There was a
prominently evident, system wide reduction in the current
coherences for this deployment compared with those
encountered in deployment A.
At tidal frequencies the coherence remained
moderately high over the short distances between some
pairs of stations taken from either end of the study
region. Tidal coherence was again only marginal over the
width of the study area (Fig. 10. 10). The limited surface
meteorological frequency coherence encountered in the
first deployment was further reduced in the summer data.
Fig 10.10 provides a typical coherence spectra over the
meteorological frequencies. The absence of even vestigial
coherence over the dimensions of the study area is
confirmed by PVD's (Appendix VII) derived from the
deployment B current records.
228
F-23
-------
PERIOD (days)
20 10
5
I
.5 .25
U
U
Z
HI !n
ff c
UJ
u CUR STA 2 POS 1
u CUR STA 8 POS 1°
JD 449*499
5.96 df
o
o
in
ru
o
a
10
10 10
CYCLES PER HOUR
-.01
-.10
-.25
Fig. 10.10
Coherence spectrum of surface u current ac
station C2 and surface u current at station
C8, deployment B. 1192 hourly data points
are used as 5 overlapping 800 point segments,
4 degrees of freedom per segment and 24 hour
cosine taper on the segment ends. The
resulting spectrum has 5.96 degrees of
freedom.
229
F-24
-------
D.
Summer Currents
The summer speed and direction frequency
distributions (Appendix III) and current rose diagrams
(Appendix IV) repeat the general pattern of bimodal
preferred directions encountered in the two previous
deployments. The pattern of reduction with depth of mean
speeds coupled with nearly constant modal speeds
characteristic of deployment periods A and B is again
apparent. For those stations where the direction
distributions for the three deployments differ the summer
distributions usually resembled the winter deployment
pattern more closely than they did the spring pattern. In
interpreting the summer directional distributions it must
be remembered that these distributions are based on the
entire valid raw current data sets and thus may be
distorted to an unknown extent for those stations that
experienced intermittent periods of directional hang up.
The summer resultant currents (Table II.6; Appendix
II) are presented as Fig 10.11. The resultant currents
were very similar to those from deployment A (Fig 10.1),
with a general westward flow pattern. Of particular note
are the opposed surface and bottom currents seen at
station C4 and the extremely strong bottom currents
encountered at station C8. The corresponding rms values
230
¥-25
-------
MISSISSIPPI SOUND
MEAN CURRENT VECTORS :/ '
15 JULY - 16 SEPT. 1981
Fig. 10.11
Resultant surface (solid) and bottom (dashed)
current vectors for the 5 recovered current
moorings in the Mississippi Sound Offshore
Study Area during deployment period C. The
origin of the vector is the station location.
231
F-26
-------
(Table II.6; Appendix II) are drawn as rms ellipsis on
Fig. 10.12. The variance of Che current records was again
concentrated along the east-west axis, except at station
C2 where north-south currents displayed a predominance.
The current variations derived from the summer deployment
were generally similar in magnitude to Chose of deployment
A .
The vertical coherence of the current structure for
deployment C was intermediate to the high coherence found
in Deployment A and the near lack of coherence typical of
deployment B. Diurnal currents were reasonably coherent
at the four stations for which vertical cross spectra
could be developed. At meteorological frequencies there
were a limited number of significantly coherent single
estimates, but no station displayed a major degree of
coherence over the meteorological frequency band. The
spectral pattern in coherence is confirmed by the PVD's
(Appendix VII), where for most stations surface and bottom
currents appear correlated for periods of several days
duration though not for the entire deployment. In
particular stations C7 and C8 display reasonably well
correlated PVD1s.
Although the limited number of recovered current
stations made it difficult to discern overall patterns in
the rotarv sense of the currents, the available data were
232
F-27
-------
MISSISSIPPI SOUND
rms CURRENT ELLIPSES
15 JULY - 16 SEPT. 1981
OUTER:SURFACE
INNER:BOTTOM
Fig 10.12 Graphic representation of the u and v rms
currents for the surface (outer) and bottom
(inner) current meters for the 5 recovered
current moorings in the Mississippi Sound
Offshore Study Area during deployment C. The
centers of the ellipses are the station
locat ions.
233
F-28
-------
in basic agreement with the pattern found in the first two
deployments. The eastern stations were essentially
rectilinear at meteorological frequencies (eg Fig. 10.13)
(weighted mean meteorological coefficient of rotation of
-0.054 at C8) and displayed a strong clockwise rotational
sense at the diurnal frequency. The western stations were
only slightly clockwise rotational at meteorological
frequencies (weighted mean meteorological coefficient of
rotation at C2 was 0.158) and were highly counterclockwise
rotational at the diurnal frequency (Fig. 10.14).
Cross spectral analysis of current coherences over
the study area for this deployment could only be
undertaken for the offshore stations (C2, C5 surface only,
C7, and C8) and one shorenormal pairing of surface current
stations (C4 + C5). In general the coherence resembled
deployment A, though it was intermediate between the
levels encountered in the first two deployments. Longer
term coherence was most pronounced in the shorenormal
comparison of the u component currents (Fig. 10.15). For
most station pairings the relatively short valid data sets
available for analysis result in spectra with low degrees
of freedom, precluding definitive conclusion about current
coherences (Fig 10.16).
234
F-29
-------
PERIOD (days)
20
CUR STA C8 POS 1
JD 566-607 4.96 df
CYCLES PER HOUR
Fig. 10.13
Rotary coefficient spectrum of surface
current at station C8, deployment C. 992
hourly data points are used as 5 overlapping
800 point segments, 4 degrees of freedom per
segment and 24 hour cosine taper on the
segment ends. The resulting spectrum has
4.96 degrees of freedom.
235
F-30
-------
PERIOD (days)
Hi
CUR STA C2 POS 1
JD 562-603
4.96 df
10 10
CYCLES PER HOUR
Fig. 10.14
Rotary coefficient spectrum of surface
current at station C2, deployment C. 992
hourly data points are used as 5 overlapping
800 point segments, 4 degrees of freedom per
segment and 24 hour cosine taper on the
segment ends. The resulting spectrum has
4.96 degrees of freedom.
236
F-31
-------
PERIOD (days)
o
o
20 1O
IU
o
z
w
oc
IU
X
o
O
in
r~
Q
5
i
2
I
.5 .25
M
A
u CUR STA 4
u CUR STA 5
-TPOS 1
JD 565-607
5.06 df
O -3
10
10
1-1
10
CYCLES PER HOUR
-.01
05[-
-.101)
10
Fig. 10.15
Coherence spectrum of surface u current at
station C4 and surface u current at station
C5, deployment C. 1012 hourly data points
are used as 5 overlapping 800 point segments,
4 degrees of freedom per segment and 24 hour
cosine taper on the segment ends. The
resulting spectrum has 5.06 degrees of
f reedom.
237
F-32
-------
PERIOD (days)
a
Ul
O
z
LU
QC
in
X
o
o
20
1
10
5
I
2
i
.5
I
.25
i
u CUR STA 2 POS 1 o
u CUR STA 8 POS 1 '
JD 566-607
4.86 df
-3
10
I -2
10
' 1-1
10
CYCLES PER HOUR
-.osr-
JOTJ
X
10
Fig. 10.16
Coherence spectrum of surface u current at
station C2 and surface u current at station
C8, deployment C. 972 hourly data points are
used as 5 overlapping 800 point segments, 4
degrees of freedom per segment and 24 hour
cosine taper on the segment ends. The
resulting spectrum has 4.86 degrees of
f reedom.
238
F-33
-------
E . Synches i s
The utility of conclusions to be reached on the
nature of the currents in the study area is greatly
influenced by the amount of data recovered in each of the
three deployments. The first two deployments had
recovered data sets of roughly equal utility. Deployment
A has the advantage of longer data sets at all stations
except C6, which allows the utilization of high degrees of
freedom in spectral analysis. Individual data sets
recovered in deployment B are somewhat shorter than those
recovered in the first deployment but this disadvantage is
overcome by the recovery of data from all stations and
positions. The summer data set is much less extensive
than that recovered in the first two deployments. Current
data was recovered from only 5 stations, and for one of
those only a surface record was recovered. In addition
biofouling problems seriously limited the duration of
several of the data series (see chapter H). This has
particular impact on the utility of FFT based spectral
analysis techniques which have a dependence on data set
length. Discussion of the currents during the summer
deployment has been more speculative than that for
deployments A and B.
239
F-34
-------
The pattern of well defined preferred directions in
the current records for a given station and deployment
reflects the reduced impact of less-regular, local wind
effects on currents within the offshore study area,
especially in the case of bottom current records, and the
corresponding predominance of more predictable and
directionlly confined tidal currents. The tendency of the
defined directional maxima to vary between deployments at
most stations indicates that other, long term processes
such as seasonal changes in runoff also influence the
current structure. In this regard it is useful to note
that while the individual current stations were only
poorly coherent with each other or the winds over
meteorological frequencies, the resultant currents at most
stations
-------
axis. In contrast, the western portion of the study area
is semi-enclosed. It is bounded along its northern edge
by the Mississippi and Alabama coastlines, by the
Mississippi delta complex to the west, and by Chandlier
sound and its associated string of small islands to the
south and south west. The partially enclosed nature of
the region forces large scale motions to curl through the
western stations. This results in the highly rotary sense
of motion seen in the meteorological frequency currents at
the western stations. The effect is particularly
pronounced at stations Cl and C2, which were the most
enclosed of the western stations.
In contrast, diurnal tides displayed a systematic
trend from roughly rectilinear or even mildly
counterclockwise motions in the western stations to
strongly clockwise motions at the eastern stations.
Rotary sense at individual stations frequently did,
however, depart from this overall trend in response to
topography and the influences of nearby tidal passes.
The general pattern of rotary sense found at tidal
frequencies is consistent with the pattern of progression
of the tides discussed in chapter 8. The chief salient
feature of that pattern was the rapid advance of the tidal
wave forms into Mississippi Sound through the channel
leading to Horn Island Pass. This advance served to
2M
F-36
-------
separate the current stations into a western set (Cl-3)
and an eastern group (C4-8). Thus at the western stations
the tidal wave is transitioning from a northward to a
northwestward propagating wave, resulting in a
counterclockwise rotation at tidal frequencies. Over the
eastern stations the direction of propagation changes from
northward to eastward, resulting in a strong clockwise
sense of rotation.
The along shore and cross shore coherence patterns
for tidal frequency currents are further evidence of the
general pattern of tidal progression noted above.
Coherences within each group of stations were quite high
for all three deployment periods, while coherence in each
deployment period was markedly reduced for comparisons of
station pairs taken from between the two groups. This
again indicates the existence of differing tidal regimes
in the eastern and western portions of the study area.
Meteorological frequency current coherence was almost
entirely confined to adjacent surface stations. The
general failure of meteorological frequency coherence to
extend over greater distances within the study area
indicates that the response of the system to local
meteorological forcing was highly variable. In addition
to spatial variability in meteorological responses, there
were large variations in the manner to which individual
242
F-37
-------
stations responded to successive meteorological forcing
events of differing intensities and varying approach
directions. Thus while two stations might exhibit similar
responses to one event (as revealed in the PVD's) their
responses to the next, somewhat different, event might be
totally independent. This non-linear variability in
responses to meteorological forcing gave rise to the very
limited linear relationships between even adjacent
stations seen in spectral analysis.
An examination of the surface rotary coefficient
spectra at C8 for each of the three deployments (Fig.
10.4, Fig. 10.9, and Fig. 10.13) reveals that while the
meteorological frequency currents varied greatly between
deployment periods, the currents at the primary (diurnal)
tidal frequency were more nearly invariant. This pattern
of inter-deployment variability at meteorological
frequencies and relative constancy at tidal frequencies
was evident at all stations, in both the rotary spectra
and the component current variance spectra. The pattern
was not, however, always as pronounced as that seen in the
given example at C8 (compare Figs. 10.3 and 10.8, the
surface rotary coefficient spectra from station Cl for
deployments A and B, respectively). For bottom currents
the rotary spectra were less variable between deployments
at tidal frequencies than were the surface currents. This
243
F-38
-------
Indicates that th« differences encountered between
deployments in the rotational sense of the surface tidal
currents were at least partially due to changes in the
diurnal wind patterns.
The reduced tendency of meteorological frequency
variability to be manifest in the bottom currents
indicated the effectivness of the partial stratification
present at most times in the study area in creating a
partial barrier between surface and bottom water
circulation. The generally poor vertical coherence of non
tidal currents, particularly in deployments B and C, is
further evidence of the existence of such a partial
barrier. The partial independence of surface and bottom
currents is also visible in the large differences seen in
the PVO's from surface and bottom meters.
Stratification served to decouple the currents over
the extent of the water column, thereby tending to develop
a two layer circulation within the study area. However,
this two layer circulation always featured some limited
coherence of the two current structures as the
stratification of the study area was never that extreme.
Coherence was most pronounced during the first deployment
period when meteorological frequency coherence between
surface and bottom currents was greatest, reflecting the
244
F-39
-------
reduced degree of stratification encountered in the winter
deployment.
243
F-40
-------
FIGURE r tI .6 I
S PERIOD A STATION 1 SURFACE CURRENTS
ui
g
°b.OO 20.00 40.00 60.00 «0.00 100.00
SPEED (CM/S)
FIGURE III.63
g PERIOD B STATION 1 SURFACE CURRENTS
LU
(j
Kg
w?
0.0
„ UJ vToO 40.00 60.00 90.00 100.00
SPEED (CM/S)
FIGURE I I I .65
g JOINT STATION 1 SURFACE CURRENTS
SPEEEMCM'/ST
FIGURE III.61-66
10.00 too.oo
FIGURE III.62
§ PERIOD A STATION 1 SURFACE CURRENTS
5'
UJ
3
, ,J90.00 180.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.64
S PERIOD 8 STATION 1 SURFACE CURRENTS
g
o
u
£
90.00 180.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.66
JOINT STATION 1 SURFACE CURRENTS
»0.00 1»0.00 2>0.00 i6S. 00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
Frequency distributions of surface
current speed and direction at current
station 1, for time periods A, B, and
the joint data.
A 3:
F-41
-------
FIGURE til . 67 ;
1 °ERIOD A STATION 1 BOTTOM CURRENTS
40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
to.oo 100.00
FIGURE III.69
§ PERIOD 8 STATION 1 BOTTOM CURRENTS
20.00 40.QQ 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
FIGURE III.71
§ JOINT STATION 1 BOTTOM CURRENTS
LU
ce°
5=
O-o.
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
80.00 100.00
to.oo 100.00
FIGURE I I I .63
o PERIOD A STATION 1 BOTTOM CURRENTS
40.00 110.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.70
g PERIOD B STATION 1 BOTTOM CURRENTS
LU
O
90.00 110.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
F I r. u R E III.72
§ JOINT STATION 1 BOTTOM CURRENTS
°0', 00 90.00 180.00 J>0.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.67-72
Frequency distributions of bottom
current spe*»d and direction at current
station I, for time periods A, B, and
the joint data.
A 38
F-42
-------
FIGURE I I I .73
o PERIOD A STATION 2 SURFACE CURRENTS
LJ
<_)
ceg
w°
O-o.
20.00 40.00 ftO.OO
SPEED (CM/S)
10.00 too.oo
FIGURE III. 74
§ PERIOD A STATION 2 SURFACE CURRENTS
Ul
40.00 tlO.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.75
§ PERIOD B STATION 2 SURFACE CURRENTS
a-
Kg
111?
0.0.
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
00.00 100.00
FIGURE III.76
S PERIOD B STATION 2 SURFACE CURRENTS
LU
-------
FIGURE 111.77
§ PERIOD C STATION 2 SURFACE CURRENTS
at
0.0.
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
ao.oo 100.00
FIGURE III.79
S JOINT STATION 2 SURFACE CURRENTS
"Coo
20.00
40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
80.00 100.00
FIGURE I I I . 7 3
° PERIOD C STATION 2 SURFACE CURRENTS
u;
o
"b.OO 90.00 1«0.00 270.00 160.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE I I I .8 0
§ JOINT STATION 2 SURFACE CURRENTS
z
111
90.00 180.00 170.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
HO. 00
FIGURE lit.77-80
Frequency distributions of surface
current speed and direction at current
station 2, for time period C and the
joint data
A 40
F-44
-------
FIGURE : 11. ;•• i
S PERIOD A STATION 2 BOTTOM CURRENTS
S
0.0.
20.00 40.00 «0.00
SPEED (CM/S)
ao.oo 100.00
FIGURE III.83
§ PERIOD B STATION 2 BOTTOM CURRENTS
*
g
20.00 O.OQJ60.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.84
§ PERIOD B STATION 2 BOTTOM CURRENTS
LJ
U
90 . 00 l«0.00 JTOO
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
5*0.00
FIGURE III.81-84 Frequency distributions of bottom
current speed and direction at current
station 2, for time periods A and B.
A 41
F-45
-------
FIGURE III.^i
1 PERIOD C STATION 2 30TTOM CURRENTS
Si r 1 : 1 1
i
20.00 40.00 60.CO
SPEED!CM/5)
so.oo 100.00
FIGURE III.87
o JOINT STATION 2 SOTTOM CURRENTS
20.00
40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/5)
30.00 100.00
FIGURE I I I . 3 *>
§ PERIOD : STATION 2 BOTTOM CURRENTS
nil
°0_QO 90.00 J80.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.88
S JOINT STATION 2 BOTTOM CURRENTS
°b.oo 90.00 lao.oQ 2>o.oo Jto.oo
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III. 85-88
Frequency distributions of bottom
current speed and direction at current
station 2, for time period C and the
i oint data.
A *2
F-46
-------
FIGURE IT I .89
§ PERIOD A STATION 3 SURFACE CURRENTS
Ui
<_>
&
0.0.
3.00
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
to.oo 100.00
FIGURE III.91
§ PERIOD B STATION 3 SURFACE CURRENTS
o.
(-«
ui
Ka
0,0.
oo
20.00 <0.00 60.00 90.00 100.00
SPEED (CM/S)
FIGURE III . 93
S JOINT STATION 3 SURFACE CURRENTS
UJ
o
or
ui.
Q-o.
20.00 <0.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
(0.00 100.00
FIGURE III.90
S PERIOD A STATION 3 SURFACE CURRENTS
UJ
o
»b.OO 180.00 2>0.00360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.92
§ PERIOD B STATION 3 SURFACE CURRENTS
LU
K.,
°0.00 90.00 140.00 270.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
340.00
Fir, URE I 11. 9 4
g JOINT STATION 3 SURFACE CURRENTS
40.00 1)0.00 3>0.00 MO. 00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III. 89-94
Frequency distributions of surface
current speed and direction at current
station 3, for time periods A, 8, and
the joint data.
A 43
F-47
-------
FIGURE I I I . 9 r>
o PERIOD A STATION 3 BOTTOM CURRENTS
20.00 '0.00 60,00
SPEED (CM/S)
ao oo
FIGURE III.97
§ PERIOD B STATION 3 BOTTOM CURRENTS
•n
o
o.
Z
LU
U
m°
0-0.
o
o
I
.
k
"\.
1.00
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
80.00 100.00
FIGURE I I I . 99
g JOINT STATION 3 BOTTOM CURRENTS
SJ-, , , . 1
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
to.oo 100.00
FIGURE III.96
o PERIOD A STATION 3 BOTTOM CURRENTS
90.00 180.00 270.00 260 00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.98
S PERIOD B STATION 3 BOTTOM CURRENTS
LU
90.00 180.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE I I I . 1 0 0
S JOINT STATION 3 BOTTOM CURRENTS
ol
UJ
(J
°b.OO 90.00 110.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE I I I . 9 5 - 10 0
Frequen<: y distributions of bottom
current speed and direction at current
station 3, for time periods A, 8, and
the joint data.
A <44
F-48
-------
FIGURE II:.101
§ PERIOD B STATION < SURFACE CURRENTS
UJ
ft
9.00
10.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
eo.oo 100.00
FIGURE III. 103
o PERIOD C STATION < SURFACE CURRENTS
z
UJ
o
J.OO
20.00 40.00 40.00
SPEED (CM/S)
80.00 100.00
FIGURE III. 105
g JOINT STATION < SURFACE CURRENTS
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
ao.oo
100.00
FIGURE III.102
§ PERIOD B STATION 4 SURFACE CURRENTS
fel
"V.OO»0.00180.002>0.00360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE I II . 10.4
§ PERIOD C STATION ^ SURFACE CURRENTS
UJ
u
fc.
90.00 tlO.OO 2>0.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE til.106
S JOINT STATION 4 SURFACE CURRENTS
UJ
90.00 180.00 270.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
360.00
FIGURE III.101-106 Frequency distributions of surface
current ^peed and direction at current
station
-------
FIGURE : r r . i o ~
§ PERIOD B STATION < BOTTOM CURRENTS
°%.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 50.00 100.00
SPEED (CM/S)
FIGURE tI I . I 0 9
§ PERIOD C STATION < BOTTOM CURRENTS
UJ
o
UJ=
nn
20 00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
FIGURE I I I . ! 1 1
° JOINT STATION < BOTTOM CURRENTS
UI
LJ
«?
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
80.00 100.00
80.00 100.00
FIGURE I I ! . 1 -13
Q °ERIOD 8 STATION < BOTTOM CURRENTS
ILJ
o
cc_
0. ~H
°a.QQ 10.00 180.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
F I 0 C R Z I I I . I 1 0
§ PERIOD C STATION 4 BOTTOM CURRENTS
°D.OO 40.00 180.00 270.00 3*0.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III. 112
g JOINT STATION 4 BOTTOM CURRENTS
§
°b.OO 90.00 180.00 270.00 340.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE I I I . 107- I 1 2
Frequency distributions of bottom
current speed and direction at current
station -» , for time periods B, C, and
the joint data.
A 46
F-50
-------
FIGURE I I I . 113
§ PERIOD A STATION 5 SURFACE CURRENTS
UJ
o
85*
O-oJ
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
ao.oo
100.00
FIGURE I I I . 1 1 5
S PERIOD 8 STATION 5 SURFACE CURRENTS
z
LLJ
U
°.
0.0.
[Jt
20 00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
80.00 100.00
FIGURE ITI.lti
§ PERIOD A STATION 5 SURFACE CURRENTS
°b.OO 90.00 180.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE I I I . I 1 6
S PERIOD 8 STATION 5 SURFACE CURRENTS
ui
o
90.00 190.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III. 113-116 Frequency distributions of surface
current speed and direction at current
station 3, for time periods A and B.
A i
F-51
-------
FTGI:RE i T i. i i ~
1 PERIOD C STATION 5 SURFACE I'JRRENTS
VO.QO 60.00
SPEED CM/55
JO,00 '00.00
FIGURE I I I . 1 1 '3
° JOINT STATION 5 SURFACE C'JRRENTS
cLo'j n
-1;^
2G.oo .a.oc -is so
SPEED ;cy/5:
30.00
•CO CO
FIGKSE I I I . 1 13
o PERIOD C STA*:CN 5 3oRF».CE CURRENTS
:o
JtJ.DO 'JO.00 :70.D(J
:~£c~;cN c TOW ARCS)
260.00
FIGURE I I I . 1 2 0
§ JOINT STATION 5 SURFACE CURRENTS
3
Lu
U
li-
=-P-
90.00 190.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III. 117
-120 Frequency distributions of surface
current speed and direction at current
station 5, for time period C and the
joint data.
A id
F-52
-------
F I CURE I II . 121
§ PERIOD A STATION 5 BOTTOM CURRENTS
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
to.oo 100.00
FIGURE IH. 123
S PERIOD B STATION 5 BOTTOM CURRENTS
8
o
o.
ILJ
u
0.0.
'V.oo
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
FIGURE III. 125
§ JOINT STATION 5 BOTTOM CURRENTS
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
80.00 100.00
(O.oo 100.00
FIGURE III. 12 2
§ PERIOD A STATION 5 BOTTOM CURRENTS
90.00 160.00 270.00 160.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III. 124
S PERIOD B STATION 5 BOTTOM CURRENTS
40.00 190.00 270.00 160.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III . 126
§ JOINT STATION 5 BOTTOM CURRENTS
trt
'1
z
UJ
90.00 1SO.OO 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.121-126 Frequency distributions of bottom
current speed and direction at current
station 5, for time periods A, 3, and
the ioint data.
A 49
F-53
-------
i G :: R E
§ PERIOD A STATION 6 SURFACE CURRENTS
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
SO.00
too.oo
FIGURE III.129
§ PERIOD B STATION 6 SURFACE CURRENTS
o
I .I
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
90.00
100.00
; G': R E I I I . I 3 I
JOINT STATION 6 SURFACE CURRENTS
.00
20.00
40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
ao.oo
100.00
FIGURE I I I . L 2 3
S "ERIOD A STATION 6 SURFACE CURRENTS
°b.OO 40.00 180.00 370.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
540.00
FIGURE I I! . 1 3 0
§ PERIOD B STATION 6 SURFACE CURRENTS
°b.OO 90.00 110.00 270.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
360.00
FIGURE I I I . 1 32
§ JOINT STATION 6 SURFACE CURRENTS
°b.OO 90.00 110.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.127-132 Frequency distributions of surtace
current speed and direction at current
station 6, for time periods A, B, and
the ioint data.
A 50
F-54
-------
FIGURE III. 133
§ PERIOD A STATION 6 BOTTOM CURRENTS
5?
nro
S".
Q.O.
°b.oo
20.00 40.00 60.00 10.00 100.00
SPEED (CM/S)
FIGURE III.135
o PERIOD 9 STATION 6 BOTTOM CURRENTS
°o.oo
20.00 *0 00 60.00
SPEED (C^/S)
90.00
FIGURE III. 137
§ JOINT STATION 6 BOTTOM CURRENTS
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED
100.00
80.00 100.00
F I :j I' R E I I I . 1 3 •»
§ PERIOD A STATION 6 BOTTOM CURRENTS
ui
u
fe
"V.OO90.00110.00270.00360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.136
§ PERIOD B STATION 6 BOTTOM CURRENTS
z
LLt
°0 00 90.00 180.00 270.00 3ibQ.HO
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIG L'RE III. 138
§ JOINT STATION 6 BOTTOM CURRENTS
"b.OO 90.00 180.00 270.00 5*0.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.133-138 Frequency distributions of bottom
current speed and direction at current
station 6, for time periods A , 3, and
the joint data.
A 5 1
F-55
-------
FIGURE I I I . 13 9
S PERIOD A STATION 7 SURFACE CURRENTS
.
O-o.
i
"b.oo
. .
SPEED (CM/5)
30.00 '00.00
FIGURE I I I . I •» I
1 PERIOD B STATION 7 SURFACE CURRENTS
20 oo
«b.oo 60.00
SPEED 0.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
SiO.OO
FIGURE 111.142
e PERIOD B STATION 7 SURFACE CURRENTS
I
UJ
u
fe,
90.00 110.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.l39-l-»2 Frequency distributions of surface
current speed and direction at current
station ~, for time periods A and B.
A 52
F-56
-------
FIGURE I I I . l-»3
§ PERIOD C STATION 7 SURFACE CURRENTS
g-
0.0.
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
eo.oo
100.00
FIGURE II I . 1-.5
g JOINT STATION 7 SURFACE CURRENTS
z
LU
tr
UJ
C-o.
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED CCM/S)
90.00 100.00
FIGURE I I I . Ii i
§ PERIOD C STATION 7 SURFACE CURRENTS
lu
u
fe
90.00 ISO.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE 111.1*6
§ JOINT STATION 7 SURFACE CURRENTS
90.00 180.00 270.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
340.00
FIGURE 111.143-1*6 Frequency distributions of surface
current speed and c -. rection at current
station 7, for time period C and the
joint data.
A 53
F-57
-------
FIGURE IT:.:-:
o =ERIOD A STATION 7 SOTTOM CURRENTS
Q ,
Z
u
org
ill0.
Q-o.
-*
•tfjio
20.00 43.00 ftO.30
SPEED (CM/S)
a'o.oo
ibo.oa
FIGURE I I I . I -9
o PERIOD B STATION 7 SOTTOM CURRENTS
, , , 1
20.30
-------
FIGURE I I I. 151
§ PERIOD C STATION 7 BOTTOM CURRENTS
t* III!
I
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/5)
«o.oo
too.oo
FIGURE I I I . 1 53
g JOINT STATION 7 BOTTOM CURRENTS
.00
20.00 *0.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
80.00
100.00
FIGURE TTI . 1 >2
g PER[OD c STATION 7 BOTTOM CURRENTS
90.00 ISO.00 770.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
3«o.oo
FIGURE I I I. 13i
§ JOINT STATION 7 BOTTOM CURRENTS
UJ
°b,00 40.00 1(0.00 270.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
160.00
FIGI;RE n i. 151-15*
Frequency distributions of bottom
current speed and direction at current
station 7, for time period C and the
joint data.
A 5 5
F-59
-------
FIGURE :: i. 13 >
§ PERIOD A STATION 8 SURFACE CURRENTS
} 00
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
ao.oo 100.00
FIGURE III.157
§ PERIOD B STATION 8 SURFACE CURRENTS
Ul
0.0.
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED 0^.00 340 00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE I I I. I 58
S PERIOD B STATION 8 SURFACE CURRENTS
9o.oo iso.oo 2?o.o
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
340.00
FIGURE III. 155-158 Frequency distributions of surface
current speed and direction at current
station 8, for time periods A and 8.
A 56
F-60
-------
FIGURE I II . 159
3 PERIOD C STATION 8 SURFACE CURRENTS
UJ
So
"^.00 20.00 (0.00 60.00 SO.00 100.00
SPEED (CM/S)
FIGURE II I. 161
g JOINT STATION 8 SURFACE CURRENTS
.
0.0.
"b.oo
20.00 40.00 iO.00
SPEED (CM/S)
SO.00 100.00
FIGURE I I.: . 160
S PERIOD C STATION 8 SURFACE CURRENTS
2
fe
T.OO 90.00 1*10.00 2>0.00 3110.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.162
S JOINT STATION 8 SURFACE CURRENTS
Ltl
if*
90.00 ISO.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III. 159-162 Frequency distributions of s u r t a c«
current speed and direction at current
station 8, for time period C and the
joint data.
A 57
F-61
-------
riCCRE III.163
o PERIOD A STATION 8 BOTTOM CURRENTS
1 00
20.00
40.00 60.00
SPEED(CM/S)
90.30 100.00
FICCRE I I I . 1 65
1 PERIOD 8 STATION 8 BOTTOM CURRENTS
UJ
6
i PERIOD 8 STATION 8 BOTTOM CURRENTS
I-'
Hi
90.00 160.00 270.00 360.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE III.163-166 Freq-iency distributions of bottom
current speed and direction at current
station 8, for time periods A and B.
A 58
F-62
-------
FIGURE III. 167
8 PERIOD C STATION 8 BOTTOM CURRENTS
LU
0.0.
o .
°b.oo
20.00 40.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/S)
80.00 tOO.00
FIGURE II I. 169
g JOINT STATION 8 BOTTOM CURRENTS
LJ
0.0.
20.00 <0.00 60.00
SPEED (CM/5)
90.00 -00.00
FIGURE I I I . U.8
§ PERIOD C STATION 8 BOTTOM CURRENTS
tu
u
Vo.oo t'eo.oo 270.00 3*0.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
FIGURE I I I . 1 70
§ JOINT STATION 8 BOTTOM CURRENTS
g
o.
40.00 ISO. 00 270.00
DIRECTION (TOWARDS)
360.00
:G U R E III. 167-170 Frequency distributions of bottom
current speed and direction at current
station 8, for time period C and the
ioint data.
A 59
F-63
-------
FIGURE I V . 1 "J
fflOO » STATION : SURFACE O
FIGURE IV. 15
FIGKRE IV.13-15
Speed and direction roses of surface
currents at current station I, for time
periods A, B, and the joint data.
A 96
F-64
-------
FIGURE IV.16
FIGURE IV. I 7
T ~s
V X-
FIGURE IV.13
5T«TI» 1 BOTTOM CUMCNTS
FIGURE IV. 16-18
Speed and direc'ion roses of bottom
currents at current station 1, for time
periods A, 3, and the joint data.
A 97
F-65
-------
FIGURE I V. 19
•EKIOO » ST«t!ON
-•{••
FIGURE IV.21
FIGURE I V.2 2
STATION z SUOF-CE rj
FIGURE IV.19-22
Speed and direction roses of surface
currents at current station 2, for time
periods A, 3, C, and the joint data.
A 98
F-66
-------
FIGURE IV.21
F I G f R -. IV.24
* smion j aoT-xn -
-e»;cO a ST>T:CH t SCTTCH £uww«tt
FIGURE IV.25
; ST«I:O* t SOTTCX c
FIGURE IV.26
,-01 NT STATION 1 (OTTO* C'JUMEMtl
FIGURE IV.23-26
Speed and direct!, n roses of bottom
currents at current station 2, for time
periods A, B , C, and the joint data.
A 99
F-67
-------
FIGURE IV. 2'
FIGURE IV.28
•VtlOO > STATION ] SUWACI
•EPIOO a STATION 3 SviRf
-------
FIGURE IV.30
FIG i: RE IV.31
•fHIOC A STtriON } BO'TOH .-
"CftlOO a STATION 3 BOTTOM
a
FIGURE IV.32
ST»TION 1 BOfTOM CU»«EMTS
FIGURE IV.30-32
Speed and direction roses of bottom
currents at current station 3, for time
periods A, B, and the joint data.
A I 0 I
F-69
-------
FIGURE IV.33
PflllOO B STATION « SU»TAC£ CUWtdTS
FIGURE IV.34
"EKIOO C STATION 4 SUtFACE CURHEXTS
FIGURE IV.35
JOINT JTATIOH 4 SU«f»CE CUfWENTS
FIGURE IV.33-35
Speed and direction roses of surface
currents at current station 4, for time
periods 8, C, and the joint data.
A 102
F-70
-------
FIGURE IV.36
I ITHTIM 4 BOTTOM CJWINTJ
FIGURE IV. 3:
FIGURE IV.38
•W100 : STlTtON < 90ITCW CURROITJ
JOINT STtriON < BOITOK CURRENTS
FIGURE IV.
Speed and direction roses of bottom
currents at current station i, for time
periods B, C, and the joint data.
A 103
F-71
-------
! r, t.: R E i v . 3 •)
F I G i; R F.
mum > STATION : SUIFACC
•f«ieq B STATION 5 su*FAce CUWENTS
FIGURE IV.41
'CT100 C JTAT10M 5 SIMFiCE CUMENTS
FIGURE I V.4 2
JOINT STATION 5 SUV AC I CUHMNT3
FIGURE IV.
Speed and direction roses of surface
currents at current station 5, for time
periods A, B, C, and the joint data.
A 104
F-72
-------
FIGURE IV. -. "
F I G i; R K I V .
» IttTlflM ) MTTCM CMKNT1
*CTIOO I JT»TtO» J HTTOM CURMNTI
FIGURE IV.
JOINT STATION J 90TTON CURRENTS
FIGURE IV.
Speed and direction roses of bottom
currents at current station 5, for time
periods A , B, and the joint data.
A 105
F-73
-------
FIGURE I V . i 6
FIGURE IV. -7
flllQO * iTATIOI t
PfDUO I 1T»TI» « IUW1CI C'JMCNT!
FIGURE IV.48
FIGURE IV.46--8
Speed and direction roses of surface
currents at current station 6, for time
periods A, 3, and the joint data.
A 106
F-74
-------
?!<;•.:RE
FIGURE IV.50
•nice » iT»ii3» « «or-o
•CTIOO I STATION •
FIGURE IV.51
JOIMT 5TATIOM > goTTOK CUWEHTJ
FIGURE IV.-9-51
Speed and direction roses of bottom
currents at current station 6, for time
periods A, B, and the joint data.
A 10"
F-75
-------
FTCi;RE' IV. 52
res:RE i v . 5
RICO * STATION t SURFACE
°E«IOO » STAT1CN 7 5UBCACE I'JiUfNTS
FIGURE IV. 5 •»
FIGURE IV.55
JOINT STkTICM ! 5l*f*C£ CUMfKTS
FIGURE IV.52-53
Speed and direction roses of surface
currents at current station 7, for time
periods A, 3, C, and the joint data.
A 108
F-76
-------
FIGURE IV.56
FIGURE IV.5
•WIOO » ITATIOH ' MTTOH r
ration • STATION r BOTTOM CUWEHTS
FIGURE IV . 58
<7
FIGURE IV.59
JOINT STATION J SOTTOK C'JMCNTS
FIGURE IV.56-39
Speed and direction roses of bottom
currents at current station 7, for time
periods A, B, C, and the joint data.
A 109
F-77
-------
FIGURE IV.6.)
FIGURE IV.61
>E»!00 8 STATIC* « XJttuCf. :'j«KNTS
FIGURE IV.62
FCTIOO C STATIC* I S«F«Ct OMMXTS
FIGURE IV.63
JOIKT jT*tiw • autrict
FIGURE IV.60-63
Speed and direction roses of surface
currents at current station 8, for time
periods A, B, C, and the joint data.
A 110
F-78
-------
rot;RE rv.
FIGURE IV.Si
ftXIOO A STATION * IOTTW OWMMTS
•fR 100 I ITAIIOK I tOTTOII CUWNTS
FIGURE IV.66
FIGURE IV.67
rwioc t irtrioM i
JOIHT STATION I MTTOtt CUMCMTS
FIGURE IV.6i-6
S -eed and direction roses of bottom
currents at current station 8, for time
periods A, 3, C, and the joint data.
A 111
F-79
-------
-------
APPENDIX G
PASCAGOULA ODMDS
SITE
MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
-------
-------
PASCAGOULA ODMDS
SITE MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
1.0 Introduction. It is the responsibility of EPA under MPRSA to manage
and monitor each of the designated ODMOSs. As part of this responsibility,
a management and monitor ing plan has been developed to specifically address
the deposition of dredged material into the Pascagoula ODMDS. A generalized
flow chart showing the relationship between management and monitoring is
presented on Figure G-l.
2.0 Site Management. Section 228.3 of the Ocean Dumping Regulations (40
CFR 220-229) states that "management of a site consists of regulating times,
rates, and methods of disposal and quantities and types of materials
disposed of; developing and maintaining effective ambient monitoring
programs for the site; conducting disposal site evaluation studies; and
recommending modifications in site use and/or designation". The plan may be
modified if it is determined that such changes are warranted as a result of
information obtained through the monitoring process.
It is intended that the Pascagoula ODMDS will be utilized for new work and
maintenance material from the Pascagoula Harbor Federal navigation project,
for new work and maintenance material from the channels and turning basin
associated with Naval Station Pascagoula, and by private entities such as
the Port of Pascagoula, Ingalls Shipbuilding, and Chevron Refinery. Much of
this use is projected to occur in the future and therefore the exact nature
and quantity of the material, the time of disposal, and the type of
equipment to be used are unknown.
2.1 Management Objectives. There are three primary objectives in the
management of the Pascagoula ODMDS:
o protection of the marine environment;
o beneficial use of dredge material; and
o documentation of the disposal activities at the ODMDS.
The following sections provide the framework for meeting these objectives.
2.2 Dredged Material Volumes. In 1985, the Port of Pascagoula Special
Management (SMA) Plan was prepared to implement a strategy for the
management of the port. Included in this plan was a long-term plan for the
disposal of dredged material from the maintenance of the Federal project and
Port facilities. In 1986, the plan was modified to include the need for
ocean disposal of approximately 650,000 cubic yards of maintenance material.
The modification was made necessary due to construction of Naval Station
Pascagoula at an area previously used for disposal of dredged material.
Also in 1985, the Mobile District Corps of Engineers completed studies on
the improvement of the Federal Deep-Draft Navigation Channel at Pascagoula.
These studies recommended improvements which would result in approximately
G-l
-------
14 million cubic yards of construction dredged material being transported to
the Gulf for disposal. These improvements were authorized by the Water
Resources Development Act of 1986.
In addition, the construction of the access channel and turning basin at
Naval Station Pascagoula will require the dredging of approximately 1
million cubic yards of material with subsequent maintenance of approximately
250,000 cubic yards. Initially, this material was to be placed in the
remaining disposal area on Singing River Island, the location of the
station. Due to the size and condition of this area, the materials from the
Navy channels are currently being proposed for placement in the ODMDS. The
CE anticipates that the new ODMDS will be a possible alternative for other
dredging projects in the vicinity, provided that the material meets the
criteria as specified in MPRSA.
A small portion of the ODMDS has historically been utilized for placement of
dredged material as shown in Table G-l. Estimated volumes of dredged
material for the period 1990-95 are also shown (maintenance material = O&M;
new work = NW).
Table G-l. Dredge material placement at the Pascagoula ODMDS.
Year
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
Volume
300,000
65,000
300,000
300,000
100,000
300,000
500,000
300,000
70
300
1,000
700
300
100
300
250
11,000
250
,000
,000
*
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000**
***
,000
Material Type
O&M: Sand
NW: Sandy Mud
O&M: Sand
O&M: Sand
O&M: Silt/Clay
O&M: Sand
O&M: Silt/Clay
O&M: Sand
O&M: Mixture
O&M: Sand
NW: Mixture
O&M: Mixture
O&M: Sand
O&M: Silt/Clay
O&M: Sand
O&M: Silt/Clay
NW: Mixture
O&M: Silt/Clay
Project
Civil Works
Point Cadet
Civil Works
Civil Works
Civil Works
Civil Works
Civil Works
Civil Works
Channel
Marina
Channel
Channel
Channel
Channel
Channel
Channel
Civil Works Channel
Civil Works Channel
Navy Channels
Civil Works Channel
Civil Works Channel
Port of Pascagoula
Civil Works Channel
Navy Channels
Civil Works Channel
Navy Channels
Notes:
* Disposal of O&M dredged material from Ingalls Shipbuilding may be
required during 1990/91.
Construction estimated to take 2 years therefore no O&M from the Civil
Works Channel estimated for 1994/95 although some O&M may occur.
Disposal of new work material from the Port of Pascagoula facilities
may be required during this time frame.
**
***
G-2
-------
No restriction on material volumes are necessary for this site.
2.3 Material Suitability. Two basic sources of material are expected to be
placed at the site, i.e. construction or new work dredged material and
maintenance dredged material. These sediments will consist of mixtures of
silts, clays, sands, in varying percentages.
There is no general restriction regarding the type of material that may be
placed at the site. However, the suitability of the dredged material for
disposal in the ocean will be evaluated by the CE and concurred with by EPA
prior to disposal. Evaluation will involve: 1) a case-specific evaluation
against the exclusion criteria (40 CPR 227.13(b)? 2) a determination of the
necessity for bioassay and bioaccumulation testing for non-excluded material
based on the potential for contamination of the sediment since last tested;
and when needed 3) completion of testing and determination of suitability of
material for ocean disposal. Only those materials determined to be suitable
for ocean disposal through this process will be considered for unrestricted
placement at the ODMDS. Additional evaluation of management options will be
required for any materials which do not meet the suitability criteria.
Baseline sediment and/or bioassay/bioaccumulation testing will be performed
on all sediments proposed for ocean disposal for the first time or on new
work dredged sediments unless it can be shown that those sediments meet the
exclusion criteria as described above. CESAM will coordinate with EPA,
Region IV prior to implementing the baseline evaluation program. Testing
and evaluation will follow guidelines developed jointly by EPA/CE.
He-evaluation of sediments which are routinely transported to the ocean for
disposal will follow the procedure outlined above. Should the re-evaluation
conclude that there is a potential for contamination of the sediments since
the last bioassays, CESAM will coordinate with EPA, Region IV prior to any
retesting.
A Section 103 Evaluation and any required NEPA documentation will be
completed prior to the initial placement of material in the Pascagoula
ODMDS. For recurring activities, similar documentation be required on a 5
year basis or prior to each dredging event, whichever interval is longest.
For repetitive maintenance events (i.e. Federal navigation project) re-
evaluation will be accomplished every three years with the exchange of
letters between CESAM Ocean Dumping Coordinator and EPA.
2.4 Timing of Disposal. At present no restrictions have been determined to
be necessary for disposal related to seasonal variations in ocean current or
biota activity. As monitoring results are compiled, should any such
restriction appear necessary, disposal activities will be scheduled so as to
avoid adverse impacts. Additionally, if new information indicates that
endangered or threatened species are being adversely impacted, restrictions
may be incurred.
2.5 Disposal Techniques. No specific disposal technique is required for
this site. However, there may be some environmental advantages to disposing
suitable dredged material using one of the following procedures.
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Disposal in a thin layer over & large portion of the site may be a preferred
management technique especially for unconsolidated fine-grained maintenance
material. Studies performed utilizing this technique in Mobile Bay and
Mississippi Sound indicate a more rapid recovery of the benthos as compared
to continuous deposition in a confined area which results in a thicker
buildup of dredged material. In view of the large area encompassed by the
Pascagoula ODMDS, this type disposal could result in reduced environmental
impact.
Due to the predominant current regime in the area, the site is considered to
be dispersive( so that erosion and off-site dispersion is expected to occur.
Based on the results of the sediment mapping study and current studies, it
is desirable to predetermine the disposal methodologies and locations within
the ODMDS for disposal of dredged material, at least until sufficient
monitoring information has been collected to provide assurance that
dispersal does not result in adverse impacts. Since currents tend to be
predominantly west-southwest or west-northwest in the proposed area, initial
disposal of fine material will be made in the easternmost portions of the
selected site, to the extent practical, in order to assure that the material
does not migrate offsite.
It also appears, based on geology of the area and analysis of the sediment
mapping data, that finer-grained material is more predominant in the central
and southernmost portions of the proposed ODMDS. When possible,
consideration should also be given to disposal of finer grained-material in
this area, with coarser material being disposed in the northern portion of
the ODMDS.
The benefits associated with the construction of a submerged berm, wave
energy reduction and habitat creation, are currently being investigated as
part of the National Underwater Berm Demonstration Project at Mobile,
Alabama. Should this type disposal in the ODMDS prove to be beneficial, it
is envisioned that a similar technique would be utilized with suitable
materials, i.e. material to be dredged during the construction of the
authorized improvements to the Federal navigation channel, the construction
of Naval Station Pascagoula navigation facilities, or sandy material.
Another submerged structure is included in the Pensacola, FL Offshore ODMDS
management plan. In this instance the submerged structure is used to
control the placement of fine-grained material within the site. A horse-
shoe shaped, 6-foot high, berm is being constructed of sand and a sandy-mud
mixture. The berm is open on the western end and fine-grained material will
be placed in the eastern midsection of the horse-shoe. The management goal
expected to be gained with this plan will be the restriction of movement of
the fine-grained materials in the northerly or easterly direction. This
goal was developed due to the nature of the resources north and east of the
ODMDS. Although no significant resources have been defined in the vicinity
of the Pascagoula ODMDS, this technique may prove beneficial if segregation
of different types of material within the ODMDS is appropriate.
2.6 Multiple Use Management. The Pascagoula ODMDS is intended for multiple
use by a number of entities including the Corps of Engineers, US Navy, Port
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of Pascagoula, Ingalls Shipbuilding, Chevron Refinery etc. Each of these
users will have different needs relative to quantity, type of material,
timing etc., therefore partitioning of the site for specific users may be an
appropriate management technique. This could facilitate monitoring and
surveillance of individual disposal activities, however, it may not be the
most appropriate management technique if beneficial results as described in
Section 2.5 above are desired.
3.0 Site Monitoring. Part 228 of the Ocean Dumping Regulations (40 CFR
228) establishes the need for evaluating the impacts of disposal on the
marine environment. Section 228.9 indicates that the primary purpose of
this monitoring program is to evaluate the impact of disposal on the marine
environment by referencing the monitoring results to a set of baseline
conditions. Section 228.10(b) states that in addition to other necessary or
appropriate considerations, the following types of effects will be
considered in determining to what extent the marine environment has been
impacted by materials disposed at an ocean site:
(1) Movement of materials into estuaries or marine sanctuaries, or onto
oceanfromt beaches, or shorelines;
(2) Movement of materials toward productive fishery or shellfishery
areas;
(3) Absence from the disposal site of pollution-sensitive biota
characteristic of the general area;
(4) Progressive, non-seasonal, changes in water quality or sediment
composition at the disposal site, when these changes are attributable to
materials disposed of at the site;
(5) Progressive, non-seasonal, changes in composition or numbers of
pelagic, demersal, or benthic biota at or near the disposal site, when these
changes can be attributed to the effects of materials disposed of at the
site; and
(6) Accumulation of material constituents (including without limitation,
human pathogens) in marine biota at or near the site.
Part 228.10(c) states: "The determination of the overall severity of
disposal at the site on the marine environment, including without
limitation, the disposal site and adjacent areas, will be based on the
evaluation of the entire body of pertinent data using appropriate methods of
data analysis for the quantity and type of data available. Impacts will be
categorized according to the overall condition of the environment of the
disposal site and adjacent areas based on the determination by the EPA
management authority assessing the nature and extent of the effects
identified in paragraph (b) of this section in addition to other necessary
or appropriate considerations."
3.1 Monitoring Objectives.
the Pascagoula ODMOS are:
The purposed of the site monitoring plan for
Delineation of the geographic location of the discharged dredged
material;
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o Determination of the direction, if any, in which the discharged dredged
material is migrating, and the extent of movement;
o Delineation of the effect, if any, on the ecology within and outside
the ODMDS.
3.2 Pre-Disposal Monitoring. The results of investigations presented in
this EIS will serve as the main body of baseline data for the monitoring of
the impacts associated with the use of the Pascagoula ODMDS. This baseline
data includes the following surveys: benthic macroinvertebrates, fisheries,
water and sediment chemistry, sediment mapping, physical oceanographic
conditions, bathymetry, side scan sonar, and video photography. These
studies include:
a. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Mississippi Sound and Adjacent Areas
Study (Kjerfve and Sneed 1984; Raytheon Ocean Systems Co. 1981;
CE 1984; and B.A. Vittor and Associates 1982);
b. Harmon Engineering & Testing 1984a; and
c. Surveys conducted during the site designation phase in November 1986
and February/April/July 1987 (EPA 1987), and a survey planned for
August 1990.
Bathymetric surveys of a planned placement area within the ODMDS will be
conducted prior to use. No additional pre-disposal monitoring at this site
is proposed.
3.3 During Disposal Monitoring. The purpose of this monitoring effort is
to determine the location, amount, and timing of dredged material placement
within the site. Each user of the Pascagoula ODMDS will be required to
prepare and operate under an approved electronic verification plan for all
disposal operations. As part of this plan the user will provide an
automated system that will continuously track the horizontal location and
draft condition (vertical) of the disposal vessel from the point of dredging
to the disposal area, and return to the point of dredging. At a minimum the
following data will be required:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Date;
Time;
Vessel
Number
Vessel
limits
within
vessel
Dredge
and
Volume
Name;
of Scows in tow and distance from vessel or other vessel used;
position, at pre-specifled times when within the channel
, between the dredging area and the disposal area, and when
the disposal area limits, and similar intervals on the return
and scow(s) to the dredging area;
scow or vessel draft, coincidental measurement with "e" above;
of material disposed.
The user will be required to prepare and submit daily reports of operations
and a monthly report of operations for each month or partial month's work.
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In addition, water quality sampling relative to turbidity during disposal
may be required as specified in State Water Quality Certification documents.
3.4 Post Disposal Monitoring. Based on the type and volume of material
disposed, monitoring surveys will be used to determine movement of material
and impacts to the site and adjacent area. A tiered approach will be
utilized to determine the level of monitoring effort required following each
disposal event. At a minimum bathymetry and sediment mapping will follow
all disposal events, until deemed unnecessary. Bathymetric surveys will be
the responsibility of the dredged material generator while EPA will be
responsible for sediment mapping activities.
The rationale for a phased or tiered monitoring approach is based upon that
delineated in the EPA/CE Draft Ecological Evaluation of Proposed Discharge
of Dredged Material into Ocean Waters (1990). The basic philosophy behind
the tiered approach is to provide for proper oversight of ocean placement
activities at the Pascagoula ODMDS while properly managing personnel and
fiscal resources. Because a portion of the Pascagoula ODMDS has been used
historically without significant environmental impacts, we believe that the
phased approach would provide the necessary information to determine the
need for additional monitoring and be the most expeditious approach. This
phased approach is especially appropriate for repeated disposal operations
such as occur during maintenance of projects. For construction (new work)
dredged material placement operations, which typically involve large
quantities of material, variations of the phased approach may be
appropriate.
with the phased approach, an interagency team, consisting of representatives
of the State of Mississippi, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental
Protection Agency, National Marine Fisheries Service, and the user, would be
established at the time when use of the ODMDS is proposed. This team would
suggest appropriate monitoring techniques and level of monitoring required
for a specific action. These suggestions should be based on type of
disposal activity (i.e. O&M vs. construction), type of material (i.e. sand
vs. mud), location of placement activity within ODMDS, or quantity of
material. EPA and CE will ultimately determine the actual monitoring
activities to be required.
Within six (6) months of completion of a disposal event, detailed
bathymetric surveys of the placement area would be completed. Within twelve
(12) months of the event, sediment mapping of the placement and adjacent
areas would be complete. The interagency team would meet to review the
results of these efforts and determine the need for additional information.
This need would be based on variations from the expected scenario associated
with the specific disposal event. Should the results of the bathymetric and
sediment mapping surveys conform with the expected scenario no additional
monitoring would be required for the disposal event. At the next event,
this phased monitoring approach would be applied in a similar fashion. At
some point in time, to be agreed upon by the interagency team, a
reassessment of the site would be undertaken. At a minimum, this
reassessment would include benthic macroinfaunal and sediment chemistry
surveys. Additional surveys for water quality or the use of remote sensing
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equipment might also be required.
4.0 Monitoring Techniques. A number of techniques have proven to be useful
in monitoring ODMDSs in the northern Gulf of Mexico and are presented below.
This is not to be taken as an exhaustive list of possible techniques or
recommendation for specific methods, but rather a general discussion.
4.2 Material Tracking.
4.2.1 Discharged Material Geographic Extent, Thickness, and Movement.
Several methodologies can be utilized to characterize the extent of the
discharged sediments. Precision bathymetry or vertical sediment profiling
can be utilized. Additionally, high resolution (shallow) acoustic subbottom
profiling may be utilized to determine the vertical extent of the material.
Sidescan sonar and sediment mapping can be utilized to determine the
geographic extent of the discharged material. A planned sequence of surveys
may be necessary to determine whether movement is occurring, as well as the
nature and extent of the movement.
4.2.1 Sediment Characterization. One means of sediment mapping utilizes
gamma spectrometry (sand sized material) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) (fine-
grained material) analysis. An initial characterization is performed just
prior to disposal to establish a baseline of elemental composition of the
native sediment. Data obtained during this survey would be used to
construct computer generated maps showing isopleths of selected elements
throughout the surveyed area. Upon completion of the disposal activity, a
second survey is performed to obtain a new characterization of sediments
with the dredged material in place. Comparison of pre-disposal and post-
disposal elemental characterizations is utilized to determine the
distribution of disposed dredged material.
4.3 Disposal Effects. Bottom sampling may include sampling for benthic
macroinvertebrates, sediment chemistry and sediment particle size as
discussed below.
4.3.1 Benthic Macroinvertebrates. The number of replicates taken at each
station will be determined based on sampling technique to be employed, i.e.*
box core, grab, or diver collected core samples, and an evaluation of the
species area curves from the site designation surveys. Past experience in
the area of the Pascagoula ODMDS indicates that 5 box cores or 13 dover
collected cores is sufficient to describe species evaluation curves. All
samples will be sieved through O.S mm screen in the field, placed in
appropriate containers, and immersed in 10% formalin/seawater solution with
rose bengal stain for transport to the laboratory. Species identification
will be to the lowest practicable level. Data analyses will include, at a
minimum, species diversity, evenness, and richness and Q- and R- mode
cluster analyses.
4.3.2 Sediment Chemistry. Sediment should be collected from these same
stations for sediment chemical analysis. All cores will be refrigerated and
iced for return to the laboratory for analysis. Analyses may include a
metals scan, pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, oil and grease, and
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nutrients (NH3, NO2+NO3-N, TKN).
4.3.3 Sediment Particle Size. Samples should be collected for sediment
particle size analyses simultaneously with and in the same manner as
sediment chemistry sampling. All cores will be carefully decanted and
frozen aboard ship prior to shipment to the laboratory. The samples will be
processed according to the wet sieve Modified Wentworth method.
4.3.4 Water Quality Sampling. Water quality may be sampled at each of the
above stations. Hater quality sampling may consist of dissolved oxygen,
salinity and temperature profiles at 5-foot increments from surface to
bottom. Light extinction profiles will be conducted at 10-foot increments
from surface to bottom. After determination of the 90, 50, and 10% light
levels, water samples will be collected, composited, and a sample extracted
and filtered for chlorophyll-a analysis. Water samples should be collected
at surface, mid-depth, and bottom at each sampling station for nutrient
analysis.
4.3.5 Demersal Fishes. Demersal fishes may be collected along transects
established within the ODMDS and the area adjacent to the ODMDS using a 40-
foot otter trawl equipped with a 0.25 inch mesh liner. A minimum of four
(4) transects should be established in each area. Trawl times will be
standardized at 20 minutes. Trawl catches from each station will be placed
in appropriate containers and fixed with 10% formalin. Fish specimens
larger than 4 inches standard length will be slit to allow proper fixation.
4.3.6 Other Techniques. Additional sampling techniques such as side scan
sonar, video records, diver accomplished still photography, vertical
sediment profiling may be utilized as necessary to determine the overall
effects of disposal in the Pascagoula ODMDS. Close coordination between the
EPA, COB, the State of Mississippi, and the user will be maintained during
development of the detailed monitoring plan and evaluation of results.
Should the initial disposal into the ODMDS result in unacceptable adverse
impacts further studies may be required to determine the persistence of
these impacts, the extent of the impacts within the marine system, and/or
possible means of mitigation. In addition, the proposed management plan may
require revision based on the outcome of the monitoring program.
5.0 Reporting and Data Formatting. Any data collected will be provided to
the Interagency Team. Data will also be provided to other interested
parties to the extent feasible. Data will be provided in an appropriate
format to be specified by the Interagency Team (e.g. National Ocean Data
Center (NODC) format). Any reports generated during the monitoring will
indicate how the survey relates to the Site Management and Monitoring Plan
(SMMP) and list previous surveys from the Pascagoula ODMDS and other ODMDS
within the northern Gulf of Mexico, as appropriate. The report will provide
data interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations. Appropriate
reporting deadlines will be established for each monitoring activity.
5.1 Modification of the ODMDS SMMP. A need for modification of the use of
the Pascagoula ODMDS because of unacceptable impacts is not anticipated.
However, should the results of the monitoring surveys indicate that
G-9
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continuing use of the OOMDS would lead to unacceptable impacts, then either
the ODMD5 Management Plan will be modified to alleviate the impacts or the
location of the ODMDS would be modified.
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ODMDS
MONITORING
PASSES BIOASSAY
TESTING
W YES
NO
PRE- & POST-DISPOSAL
BATHYMETRY
MATERIAL UNSUITABLE
FOR UNRESTRICTED
OCEAN DISPOSAL
I
PREVIOUS MONITORING ADEQUATE TO DOCUMENT NO
SIGNIFICANT MOVEMENT OR EFFECTS OF DISPOSAL
YES
PREVIOUS MONITORING
ADEQUATE TO DOCUMENT
NO SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE
EFFECT ON WATER QUALITY
YES
YES
PREVIOUS MONITORING ADEQUATE
TO DOCUMENT NO SIGNIFICANT
CHANGE IN BENTHOS
PREVIOUS MONITORING ADEQUATE
TO DOCUMENT NO SIGNIFICANT
CHANGE IN BENTHOS
YES
NO
SIGNIFICANT
CHANGES
NO
I
YES
HIGHER TROPHIC
LEVEL SURVEY
t
OPTIONS
FIGURE G-l. Generic Management and Monitoring Flowchart.
G-ll
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APPENDIX H
PASCAGOULA ODMDS
COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT
CONSISTENCY DETERMINATION
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COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT CONSISTENCE EVALUATION
I. Introduction
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers (CE) and the U.S. Navy (Navy), has prepared a draft
environmental impact statement (DEIS) titled "Draft Environmental Impact
Statement for Designation and Use of a New Ocean Dredged Material Disposal
Site, Pascagoula Mississippi". The DEIS evaluates the environmental
conditions relevant to the designation of an ocean dredged material disposal
site (ODMDS) offshore Pascagoula Harbor, Mississippi. Additionally, the
DEIS evaluates the proposed ODMDS according to the five general criteria
required under 40 CFR 228.5 and the eleven specific criteria required under
40 CPR 228.6 (Ocean Dumping Regulations).
The site proposed for final designation is an expansion of the expired
interim site that received temporary designation, in August 1989, under
Section 103 of the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, 1972, as
amended (MPRSA). The proposed site contains the Section 103 designated site
and the adjacent area westward. The total area of the proposed site is
approximately 18.5 square nautical miles (nmi). This site is located
southeast of Horn Island, Mississippi in the Gulf of Mexico. Since 1977,
approximately 4.9 million cubic yards of dredged material have been
discharged annually, with no significant adverse environmental impacts, at
the smaller temporary site located within the boundaries of the proposed
site.
II. THE MISSISSIPPI COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ZONE PROGRAM
The following Mississippi statutes and guidelines are applicable to coastal
and marine environmental management and can be considered relevant to the
ODMDS designation.
A. Authority Related to Wetlands.
1. Sections 49-27-1 through 49-27-67 of the Mississippi Code
established policy and provide for regulation of specific
activities in the state coastal wetlands.
2. Designation for use of the Pascagoula ODMDS will not
adversely impact Mississippi wetlands.
B. Authority Related to Fisheries.
1. Sections 49-15-1 through 49-15-69 establish broad authority
to protect, conserve and revitalize fisheries resources in
the state.
2. Designation for use of the Pascagoula ODMDS is not expected
to have significant or long-term adverse impacts on fisheries
resources in the vicinity of the ODMDS.
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C. Authority Related to Pollution Control
1. Sections 49-17-1 through 49-17-43 constitute the Mississippi
Air and Water Pollution Control Law.
2. Through effective utilization of the Site Management and
Monitoring Plan for the ODMDS, it is expected that no
contaminated sediments will be introduced to the site
during disposal activities.
D. Authority Related to Cultural Preservation.
1. Section 39-7-3 provides authority under the Antiquities
Law of Mississippi to protect designated archeological
landmarks belonging to the state or and political
subdivision within the state.
2. No designated landmarks are located within the proposed
site, and no potential designated antiquities are known
to exist or were located with the proposed site during
the surveys.
E. Authority Related to Scenic Preservation.
1. Section 57-15-6(1) (d) provides for protection against
significant disruption of scenic quality in the coastal
area.
2. No adverse impacts will occur in this regard as a result
of the designation for use of the ODMDS.
F. Special Management Areas (SMAs).
1. SMAs are designated by the State in order to manage the
economic and recreational opportunities of the coastal
area in an effective and environmentally sound manner.
2. The Port of Pascagoula SMA specifically recognizes the
need for disposal of dredged materials in the Gulf of
Mexico. The long-range disposal plan for maintenance
of the Port of Pascagoula is currently being revised to
include the use of the expanded ODMDS discussed in the
DEIS. This action is therefore consistent with the Port
of Pascagoula SMA.
It is the finding of the EPA, CE, and Navy that the designation and use of
the ODMDS is consistent with the State of Mississippi Coastal Zone
Management Program to the maximum extent possible.
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APPENDIX I
PASCAGOULA ODMDS
DOCUMENTATION
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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
MOBILE DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 2288
MOBILE, ALABAMA 366284001
January 25, 1989
JAN 2 71989
REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF:
Environmental Resources
Planning Section
tw
JAN 251939
Department o' Archive* u H'sterx
Mr. ELbert R. Billiard
Mississippi State Historic
Preservation Officer
Department of Archives and History
Post Office Box 571
Jackson, Mississippi 39205
Dear Mr. Billiard:
The Mobile District, U;S. Army Corps of Engineers has entered
into a cooperative agreement with the Environmental protection
Agency to prepare a Draft Environmental Impact Statement for an
Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site (ODMDS) to be located in the
Gulf of Mexico south of Pascagoula, Mississippi. The general area
under consideration is indicated on the attached section of
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) chart
11373. The Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site (ODMDS) will be
confined to a smaller area within this general location.
As can be seen on this chart, water depths in the area range
from 34 to 51 feet. The potential for shipwrecks in open water of
these depths is considered to be extremely lew. Tn addition,
since the proposed activity consists of disposal of dredged
material, no bottcm disturbance will occur.
Given the above considerations, it is our opinion that
underwater cultural resources surveys of this Ocean Dredged
Material Disposal Site are not warranted. If you agree with this
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determination, please sign this letter in the space provided below
and return it to me within thirty (30) days. An expeditious
response will be sincerely appreciated.
Should you require additional information, please contact
Ms. Dottle Gibbens at 205/694-4114.
Sincerely,
r
Hugh A. McClellan
Chief, Environment and Resources
Branch
Enclosure
OCCURRENCE:
Elbert R. Milliard (Date)
Mississippi State Historic
Preservation Officer
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February 6, 1985
Environmental Studies and
Evaluation Section
Mr. Charles J*ttr
Ragional Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Attention! Mr. Reginald Roger*
345 Courtland Street
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
Dear Mr. Jetert
Our Feaaibility Report on the Improvement of the Federal
Deep-Draft Navigation Channel at Pascagoula Harbor, Mississippi,
indicated that suitable sites for disposal of dredgnd materials
were available in the Gulf of Mexico within a reaaonable distance
of the project. Based on existing environmental information.
theee sites vould be available within a 14 mile cone south of
Horn and Petit Boia Islands. This information is contained
within a number of contract reports prepared for the Mobile
District including TerBco Corporation (1979), B. A. Vittor <1982),
and KJerfve (1984) and summarised in the Mississippi Sound and
Adjacent Areas Study which was made available to your staff in
1983. During the Continued Planning and Engineering (CP&E)
phase of studies we will conduct site specific investigations
as required in Section 103 of the Marine Protection* Research
and Sanctuaries Act of 1972.
We are requesting a statement of concurrence on the avail-
ability of a Gulf of Mexico dredge disposal site within this
reasonable distance and our approach to performing the aite
specific designetion studies during the post authorisation phase.
We would appreciate a response by March 1, 1985. Should you
have any questions, please contact Dr. Susan Ivester Reee at
PIS 537-2724. We look forward to working with you on this effort.
I
Sincerely*
SAMPD-ES/Rjses7bsv/2724
ffiff^-
Bapflneau/PD-ES
Lawrence R. Green
Chief, Planning Division
Burke/
Green
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
34 S COURTI.AND STREET
ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30365
MAR 5 1985
4PM-EA/RGR
Mr. Lawrence R. Green, Chief
Planning Division
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile
P.O. Box 2288
Mobile, Alabama 36628
Dear Mr. Green:
This response is in regard to your letter of February 8, 1985,
concerning a Gulf of Mexico dredge disposal site off the
coast of Mississippi. We are in agreement with the concept
of finding a suitable disposal site within a 14 mile zone
south of Horn and Petit Bois Islands in order to save addi-
tional costs of transporting dredged materials. However, we
must caution you that suitable site-specific investigations
are necessary to assure that an environmentally acceptable
site(s) is available within this 14 mile zone. Based on your
experience of finding sites within 16 miles offshore of
Mobile Bay, you should be successful off the coast of
Mississippi. Should suitable sites be unavailable within
this zone we would have to look further offshore.
We look forward to working with you during the site specific
designation studies during the port authorization phase of
this project. Should you have any questions, please contact
Reginald Rogers of this office.
Sincerely yours,
""ET.T. Heinen, Chief
Environmental Assessment Branch
Office of Policy and Management
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