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2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW OF THE STATE
2.1 DEPARTMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
2.1.1 INTRODUCTION
During preparation of this agreement several priority issues based on
environmental problems have been identified across the various media.
These issues are highlighted in the following sections and will receive
precedence in the forthcoming year.
2.1.2 DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Based on public participation in the formation of priority activities
to'be addressed in the FY 81 State/EPA Agreement, the Office of Drinking
Water will continue its active monitoring and surveillance programs of
public water supplies. The state will place a high priority on attempting
to obtain primary enforcement responsibility of the Federal Safe Drinking
Water Act and the Underground Injection Control Program. We will continue
to analyze the issue of primacy to determine if the present administration
will initiate or support necessary State legislation by the 1981
Legislative Session.
The goal of the Office of Water Quality is to improve or maintain the
quality of South Dakota lakes and streams in order to ensure their
compatability with assigned beneficial uses including: domestic water
supplies, fish life propagation, recreation, wildlife propagation, stock
watering, irrigation, commerce, and industry. To properly attain this
goal, the Office of Water Quality must take responsibility for reducing
the discharge of pollutants to the surface and ground waters of the State
by:
a. Assisting with and enforcing the use of pollution abatement equipment
and facilities to control point sources (Water Quality and Municipal
Facilities Construction Programs);
b. Encouraging the adoption of best management practices for land
disturbing activities to control non-point sources (Statewide 208
Planning Program); and
c. Providing training and technical assistance as well as certification
to operators of public and private wastewater treatment and water
supply systems (Operator Certification Program).
2.1.3 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
The goal of the Department of Health is to protect the quality of the
environment to ensure the health of South Dakotans and improve the
environment in areas that endanger or are probable threats to the people.
Several internal programs have specific goals and objectives for FY 81.
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The goals and objectives of the radiological monitoring program are to
protect the long term health and safety of South Dakotans through the
elimination of unnecessary exposures to ionizing radiation. The 1980
State Legislature has placed increased emphasis on radiological monitoring
of uranium mining and milling by the passage of legislation which amends
the radiation exposure control law to include monitoring of uranium mining
and milling.
Expansion of uranium exploration and development activities in South
Dakota further increases the likelihood that mining and milling of uranium
ore may again become a reality. Therefore, in order to protect the long
term health and safety of South Dakotans it is necessary to develop
expertise and management programs designed to limit exposures to ionizing
radiation.
The principle responsibility of the office of Solid Waste is to ensure
that solid and hazardous wastes are managed in an environmentally suitable
manner to ensure protection of the public health and welfare through
appropriate legislation, public education, enforcement of existing
regulations, and continuation of existing assistance programs.
The office of Air Quality's major goals and objectives are to protect
the ambient air quality, through reduction of discharges of aerial
pollutants by developing a continuous monitoring network throughout the
state, developing necessary regulations, and active facility inspection,
permitting, and violation enforcement.
One of the goals of the Quiet Communities Act of 1978 is to encourage
and foster the development of state and local noise control programs to
protect public health and welfare from the adverse effects of increasing
noise levels. Because South Dakota has not indicated an interest in
setting up a state-wide noise program, the EPA Region VIII Noise Program
has and will continue to provide technical assistance to South Dakota
communities upon request (as staff and resources permit).
2.1.4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
The goal of the Pesticide Section, Division of Regulations and
Inspections, South Dakota Department of Agriculture is to assure pursuant
to SDCL 38-21 and SDCL 29-19 the continued, legal, safe, efficacious and
necessary usage of pesticides in South Dakota to provide for:
a. The maximum protection of the public health from disease vectors
and nuisance pests.
b. Maximum production of safe, nutritious, wholesome foods and fiber.
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2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY
2.2.1. INTRODUCTION
The following sections describe the status of major environmental
problems in South Dakota in relation to those programs subject to the
FY 81 SEA.
2.2.2 DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND NATURAL RESOURCES
2.2.2.1 WATER QUALITY
Water quality problems in South Dakota are varied in nature and
source. The major problems are, nonpoint source pollution, generally low
amount of available water in portions of the state, point source pollution
from industry and municipal waste water treatment facilities. Many of
these problems have contributed to the increase in groundwater
contamination also.
Nonpoint source pollution, i.e., runoff from agricultural land,
construction sites, logging areas, and road construction sites, severely
affects water quality in South Dakota. All South Dakota waters are
degraded by nonpoint source, pollution. The major contaminants are
nitrates, phosphates, and sediments. Nitrates and phosphates encourage
algal blooms which severely limit recreational, municipal, and other
public uses of lakes. Sediments fill stream and river channels and lakes
lessening their value for similar public activities. This type of
pollution becomes more evident during periods of low precipitation. Low
amounts of water may adversely affect surface water quality and limit many
beneficial uses of the surface water. Adverse affects on the surface
water quality result from increased concentration of pollutants when
dilution is not effective during low flow conditions. This situation may
interfere directly with the needs of fish and wildlife within the state.
Industrial discharges continue to affect water quality. Although
discharge of cyanide remains a problem, significant improvement has
occurred in Whitewood Creek because of pollution control efforts at
Homestake Gold Mine. Mining activities are increasing in South Dakota
resulting in increased potential of water quality degradation from
sediments, heavy metals, acids, and radionucTides. More localized
problems are occurring from meat processing and cheese plants. The
potential exists for pollution of the Missouri River as large industries
such as electrical generating plants and tanneries are attracted by the
large source of good quality water.
Municipal wastewater facility discharges affect stream segments of
most basins. Water quality has improved below recently constructed
municipal wastewater treatment plants. The most dramatic improvement was
on the James River below Mitchell where fish kills frequently occurred
before construction of the new wastewater treatment system. Whitewood
Creek showed significant improvement downstream from the new Lead/Deadwood
Sanitary District Plant as well as from those discharges attributed to
Homestake.
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Discharge problems remain at facilities that need improvements, but
lack available funding. Other municipal pollution may be related to low
level of expertise or experience of the operators of treatment
facilities. As more sophisticated facilities are constructed the
technical instruction for operators will become more important.
Groundwater contamination is increasing. Limited monitoring has shown
unacceptable levels of nitrates, radionuclides, and concentration of heavy
metals in many public and private domestic water supplies above normal
background levels. Future monitoring will probably show that poor
groundwater quality is widespread. Important sources of groundwater
pollution other than normally high background sources include seepage from
wastewater treatment impoundments, agricultural non-point sources;
improperly cased artesian wells; exploration wells for oil, gas and
minerals; mining activities; and individual wastewater systems.
2.2.2.2 DRINKING WATER
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW) conducts an active drinking water
surveillance program in conjunction with the EPA Region VIII office in
Denver. ODW reviews water supply engineering plans and specifications,
conducts a sanitary survey of each public water supply once every two
years, carries out bacteriological monitoring and surveillance, provides
operator training, and administers the State fluoridation program.
Only 32 of South Dakota's 405 public community water supplies (8%)
obtain their drinking water from surface sources. The groundwater
supplies to these communities are generally highly mineralized. This is
borne out by the fact that 82 percent of the water supplies serving
municipalities exceed at least one primary or secondary maximum
contaminant level (MCL) for inorganic chemicals. Fifty-one violations of
inorganic primary MCL's have been recorded with 30 of these violating the
MCL for fluoride. The common secondary violations are total dissolved
solids, sulfates, iron, and manganese. Eighty-three percent of the
state's community water supplies serve fewer than 1000 people. The lack
of alternate water sources and small size of the water systems often
combine to make attempts to improve the drinking water financially
impossible. The construction of several rural water systems during the
past decade have aided in bringing excellent quality water to many of
these communities.
A radiological survey of South Dakota's public water supplies is just
beginning. Wells serving at least three systems exceed the MCL for
radium-226. DWNR is working with these systems so that proper treatment
or blending will keep the consumer's water below the established MCL.
The possibility of exceeding the trihalomethane MCL exists in a number
of the state's surface water supplies. When monitoring for
trihalomethanes officially begins, DWNR will work with the affected water
supplies to assure proper treatment for prevention or elimination of these
chemicals. None of the state's water supplies are anticipated to exceed
the other MCLs for organic chemicals.
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Turbidity is a seasonal problem with several of the small surface
water sources. Although the nature of the contamination is not considered
a serious health problem in South Dakota, bacteriological contamination is
also subject to seasonal fluctuations. Spring and summer rainfall tend to
increase the number of instances that exceed MCL standards. A state
chlorination grant program for small communities has eliminated
bacteriological problems in a number of towns which consistently exceeded
the coliform MCL*.
2.2.3 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
2.2.3.1 RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING
Increased emphasis on energy independence has prompted renewed
interest in South Dakota's uranium ore deposits. During the last few
years several companies have initiated uranium exploration activities, and
two companies are involved in preliminary planning for mining and milling
of uranium ore.
The 1980 State Legislature approved $116,250 for the radiological
monitoring program within the Department of Health to determine the impact
of these activities and other sources of ionizing radiation on the
environment and public health. The program will develop a monitoring
system to provide baseline data in impacted areas, data analysis, and
technical assistance to industry and the public.
Naturally-occurring radionuclides exist in some western South Dakota
public water supplies. This program will aid in assessing health effects
of ionizing radiation, proper management and disposal of radioactive
sludge from water treatment, effects of using radioactive water for
irrigation or other uses, and the extent of problems associated with
radiologically contaminated water.
The Department of Health maintains an active source control program.
This includes registration and inspection of sources. The main emphasis
has been placed on medical and dental uses of radiation sources.
2.2.3.2 SOLID WASTE
Although the solid waste program has made significant progress
recently, the disposal of waste in unpermitted sites and upgrading of
these sites continues to be a major problem in the state, as is the
uncontrolled handling of hazardous wastes. Such mismanagement of these
wastes often results in air and water pollution which can potentially
endanger public health, livestock, crops, or the environment. To
alleviate these problems the state has directed its efforts toward
upgrading or closure of unpermitted sites, systematic inspections to
ensure compliance of permitted sites, development of state and local
management pl.ans, drafting and revision of regulations, and implementation
of public assistance and information programs.
* See National .Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations promulgated on
December 24, 1975, Federal Register Vol 40, No. 248, p.59566 and 40CFR,
Part 141.
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Major setbacks to these management efforts have been the generally
poor public acceptance of dump closure or upgrading, the lack of federal
and state funds to aid local governments gain compliance and operate
accordingly, legislation which does not meet federal standards, such as
the allowance of open burning, and the untimely regulation promulgation
and lack of program coordination by EPA necessary for South Dakota to
develop and implement authorized programs.
2.2.3.3 AIR QUALITY
The air quality in South Dakota is generally considered good or
excellent in such areas as the Badlands and Wind Cave which have received
Class-1 designations. The Rapid City area is a major exception and has
been designated a non-attainment area for total suspended particulates
(TSP) since March 3, 1978. A citizens task force developed an abatement
plan which became part of the State Implementation Plan (SIP). Ordinances
were passed by the Pennington County Commission to control fugitive dust
and the entire plan was submitted to EPA on January 3, 1979. That plan
only received partial approval due to the lack of permitting regulations
for major sources located in a non-attainment area. Those regulations
were subjected to public hearing on May 22, 1980 and adopted in full on
June 17, 1980.
There is an air monitoring network set up across the state. The
purpose of this network is to monitor ambient air, specific sources,
non-attainment areas, and air quality in the larger cities.
There are presently 80 major air pollution sources (100 tons/year or
more of pollutants) in South Dakota. As of July 1, 1980, only one of
these sources failed to meet state regulations.
Major problems that occurred during the past included no prevention of
significant deterioration program, enforcement problems, no volatile
organic compounds regulations, no permitting requirements for major source
locating in a non-attainment area, and a need for a stronger comprehensive
monitoring program. These problems are being addressed at present and
will be continually evaluated during the next year.
2.2.3.4 NOISE
The noise environment of South Dakota can generally be characterized
as having low ambient sound levels typical of rural areas. At present,
community noise (which includes that from motor vehicles, aircraft and
stationary sources) is the major noise problem within the State. Two
cities - Sioux Falls and Rapid City - have made considerable progress in
dealing with noise pollution. The EPA Region VIII Office has provided
technical and public information assistance and brought both of these
communities into the EPA funded ECHO program. Brookings, Spearfish,
Vermillion, Hot Springs, Aberdeen and Pierre have expressed interest in
noise control and have requested EPA assistance in solving local noise
problems.
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In the absence of an active state noise program, EPA will continue to
provide technical assistance to South Dakota communities, as resources
permit.
2.2.4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
2.2.4.1 PESTICIDES PROGRAM
The most obvious environmental problem in South Dakota related to
pesticide usage is seasonal drift damage by herbicides on desirable
broadleaf plants. This problem, while being extremely obvious, is not a
major environmental threat. It constitutes the deficit portion of a
calculated risk versus benefit situation.
The situation with the most potential for non reversible negative
environmental impact is in the area of disposal of pesticides, pesticide
containers and other pesticide related wastes. The majority of pesticides
used in the state may be properly disposed of in approved landfills.
However, no facilities exist to allow safe disposal of pesticides
containing heavy metals and cancelled chlorinated hydrocarbons such as DDT.
An additional area of concern is the widespread use and subsequent
disposal of toxaphene involved in the cattle scabies control program.
2.2.5 MULTIMEDIA
2.2.5.1 TOXICS PROGRAM
Major incidents have not been a problem in South Dakota. A few minor
spills involving gasoline, PCB contaminated transformer oil, and
pesticides are routinely corrected without any significant environmental
affects.
2.3 SUMMARY OF PROGRAM AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS FOR FY 80
2.3.1 INTRODUCTION
Most of the major milestones in the FY 80 agreement were met during
the past year. The following overviews describe those accomplishments for
the programs.
2.3.2 DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND NATURAL RESOURCES
2.3.2.1 WATER QUALITY
Significant progress has been made by the Office of Water Quality,
DWNR, in advancing towards meeting the goals of the Clean Water Act in FY
80. Numerous activities have been undertaken and successfully completed
in all major programs. A brief synopsis is provided below highlighting
the past years activities in each program.
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In the nonpoint source areas, major accomplishments have been made in
developing and implementing nonpoint source control measures and best
management practices, especially in conjunction with lake
restoration/rehabilitation projects. Specific activities include the
following examples: Legislation from both Minnesota and South Dakota gave
the already established Boundary Waters Commission authority to deal with
interstate lake water quality programs on such lakes as Big Stone,
Hendricks, and Traverse. A plan has been developed to operate the Big
Sioux Diversion Gates in such a manner as to minimize sediment and
nutrients entering Lake Poinsett through the diversion. A 314 application
for Sylvan Lake has been submitted and tentative partial approval given.
$81,000 in Special Agricultural Conservation Program (ACP) funds have been
directed toward the Pierre Creek/Lake Hanson watershed for placement of
Best Management Practices (BMPs). Lake coordinators are being sought by
local Conservation Districts for the following lake watershed projects:
Wall Lake, Qakwood/Poinsett, Stockade, and Lake Hanson. Implementation
task forces have been set up at Lake Kampeska and Pickerel. The Mina Lake
special project is continuing on schedule with sanitary district beginning
to conduct a study for correction of septic tank effluents that are
entering the lake. The Model Implementation Program (MIP) at Lake Herman
now has approximately 85 percent of the watershed treated. Under the 314
project on the MIP, two sediment control structures have been completed
and construction will begin on a third structure during the summer of 1980.
Instream flows have been established by the Board of Water Management
through the process of water reservation for the James River. These
minimum flows were based on protecting the James River as a warm water
fishery and ranged from 20 to 80 cubic feet per second (CFS) depending '
upon the time of year.
In regard to the control of point sources, South Dakota has been
identified by EPA as a "fast" state in that all of the FY 79 EPA
Construction Grant Funds have been obligated except the small communities
and the innovative technology set-asides. Therefore, when EPA froze the
FY 80 funds in March, 1980, South Dakota was unable to initiate any new
wastewater treatment projects. During FY 80, DWNR approved eleven 201
Facilities Plans, eight communities initiated construction activities on
wastewater projects, and sixteen projects were finalized. Other
activities have included a strong effort to implement the 205(g)
delegation which is proving to be extremely productive, taking an active
role in the Whitehouse rural initiatives act for small communities with
positive results, and providing wasteload allocations to EPA for major
discharges to water quality limited segments.
DWNR has provided an active training program to both water and
wastewater treatment plant operators across the state. Between October
1979 and June 1980, twelve training courses have been held across the
state with 180 operators attending, and two conferences with 162 operators
and municipal officials attending. Assistance has been provided to the
South Dakota Water Works Association, and the South Dakota Rural Water
Association.
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Water quality monitoring activities included sampling 90 ambient water
quality stations routinely to assess water quality, providing baseline
data, assessing water quality trends, and monitoring the impact of
discharges on water quality. The information gathered was used to support
other programs and prepare water quality assessments such as the 305(b)
report which was completed in FY 80. Other monitoring activities included
intensive surveys to evaluate Water Quality Standards classifications,
establish waste!oad allocations for discharge permits and assess the
levels of hazardous materials in several rivers. Stream reclassifications
completed during FY 80 saved an estimated $3,500,000 in municipal
wastewater facility construction costs and an estimated $91,000 in 1980
and future annual operating costs.
Hazardous materials received additional attention during FY 80,
through the state established hazardous materials policy committee which
dealt with hazardous material accidents. DWNR investigated approximately
80 hazardous materials incidents.
Increased emphasis was placed on groundwater quality during FY 80. In
addition to completing the Surface Impoundment Assessment, waste treatment
sites and other development plans were evaluated for groundwater pollution
potential. Statewide consolidation of groundwater data from all agencies
and assessment of groundwater quality was initiated.
2.3.2.2 DRINKING WATER
The Office of Drinking Water has continued its surveillance and
monitoring program of conrounity public water supply systems. A state
grant program to provide funds for chlorination equipment for small water
supplies was continued during FY 80 with the elimination of several
chronic bacteriological MCL violators. A grant was received from HEW to
provide funds for fluoridation equipment to water supplies serving more
than 1000-individuals. DWNR has also applied for grant funds to establish
a ground water protection program established by the Underground Injection
Control Program in the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act.
2.3.3 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
2.3.3.1 RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING
Major accomplishments of the radiological monitoring program in FY 80
were:
a. The development of regulations concerning preoperational monitoring of
uranium exploration, mining, milling, disposal, and processing
activities.
b. The development of regulations pertaining to the specific licensing of
by-product, source, and special nuclear materials.
c. The development and implementation of a comprehensive radiological
monitoring program for Edgemont, South Dakota.
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Comprehensive radiological monitoring was initiated in Edgemont,
located at a site of an inactive uranium mill, to establish the extent of
health hazards associated with migrated uranium mill tailings. Several
homes were identified which contained radon progeny working level
concentrations in excess of accepted standards. Gamma ray surveys
identified 56 anomaly Ixations where uranium mill tailings may be
located. Engineering assessments of the anomaly areas were undertaken to
provide recommendations to reduce the radiation exposure to this
background. This information will be used as a model program for other
similar situations in the state.
During FY 80 this program also fulfilled its staff requirements,
trained personnel, obtained monitoring equipment, and assisted with
several multi-media programs. Specifically, these multi-media programs
included: Evaluation of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS), management
and disposal of radioactive contaminated sludge in Philip, South Dakota,
and development of a statewide emergency response plan.
2.3.3.2 SOLID WASTE
The solid waste program progressed toward fulfilling the major goals
of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). All priority
items were accomplished on schedule.
Several new programs were initiated in FY 80. Of these, the open dump
inventory received the most attention. As part of this program a list of
disposal facilities within the state was compiled; priorities and a rating
system for evaluating these were established. Those sites with the higher
priorities were then classified as open dumps or disposal facilities which
met RCRA standards.
The facilities which were evaluated and did not meet compliance
standards were placed on a compliance schedule or were closed. To aid
with the cost incurred for these activities the state committed all of its
available funding in the state solid waste grant program. Distribution of
the funds was based on the priority system established in the solid waste
regulations.
Solid waste regulations were revised and hazardous waste regulations
were written and promulgated. The changes and additions to South Dakota's
solid waste regulations supported the state's goal of maintaining a
healthy environment for its people. Additional regulations provided the
major step for obtaining interim authorization to manage the hazardous
waste program within South Dakota.
To provide a foundation for the management of solid and hazardous
waste activities a state plan was drafted. It will be in the review
process between October and December 1980, at which time it should be
accepted.
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2.3.3.3 AIR QUALITY
The major accomplishments of the air quality program consisted of
reviewing and revising the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for air quality
non-attainment areas and the state air quality regulations. Amendments
which dealt with public hearings and notification, notification of
violation, updating of emission inventories, and the reporting of progress
were added to the SIP. Regulations were changed to comply with Clean Air
Act (CM) Sections 172 and 173. The SIP was also revised to provide for
an Air Quality Surveillance System while an Air Quality Monitoring Plan
that meets the requirements of 40 CFR Part 58 was partically developed and
implemented. The state air quality regulations were updated while
regulations dealing with open burning were established. Also added to the
air quality regulations were sections establishing additional permitting
requirements for asphalt concrete plants and sections for new source
performance standards.
2.3.4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
2.3.4.1 PESTICIDES PROGRAM
The South Dakota Department of Agriculture provided valuable
assistance toward the development and implementation of pesticide control
programs on four South Dakota Indian reservations. These reservation
programs are the first of their kind in the nation and will be viewed as
model programs for the other reservations desiring to participate in a
pesticide control program. Continued monitoring of pesticide production,
sale and use, was accomplished by the Department. Monitoring was
accomplished through pesticide applicator training, pesticide use site
investigations, pesticide producer establishment inspections, and
pesticide dealer inspections.
2,3.5 MULTI-MEDIA PROGRAMS
Some issues affect more than one media such as toxic materials when
they enter the environment or issues that require coordinated effort from
several agencies to resolve the problems. The Toxics, Environmental
Emergency Response, and Public Information Participation programs were
priority issues for FY 80.
.2.3.5.1 TOXICS PROGRAM
EPA maintained the major responsibility for the toxics program in FY
80. The South Dakota Division of Environmental Health (DEH) provided the
secondary support to the program. EPA provided overall guidance for the
program and conducted several public training sessions concerning PCB and
asbestos hazards in the state. DEH acted as liaison between EPA and the
public, provided guidance for the disposal of toxic substances. DEH
represented the program during the state sponsored Environmental Emergency
Response Committee and Hazardous Material Policy Committee meetings.
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2.3.5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE"
The state of South Dakota provided secondary support to EPA for
response to spills of oil and designated hazardous materials, and
established a Hazardous Material Policy Committee to provide a more
organized approach to responses. The committee involved all appropriate
state agencies of which the Division of Emergency and Disaster Service was
the lead agency. The committee provided training and began development of
response procedures for emergency spills.
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2.4 PRIORITY ISSUES AND MEDIA WORK PLANS (PROGRAM) FOR FY 81
2.4.1 STATE STRATEGIES FOR ADDRESSING PRIORITIES AND OBJECTIVES FOR FY
81
2.4.1.1 INTRODUCTION
In addition to the general program objectives, nine priority issues
were identified by the state of South Dakota and EPA for FY 81. The
strategies for addressing these priorities and their objectives are
described in detail in the following sections.
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2.4.1.2
1. REVISION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SECTION 205g DELEGATION AGREEMENT FOR
THE CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROGRAM
2. The objective of the Construction Grant Program 205(g) grant in South
Dakota is to provide technical and financial assistance to
communities in need of new and for improved wastewater treatment
facilities. The need for the improved facilities is twofold; that
is, to protect public health and to improve or protect water
quality. The State's Municipal Construction Grant Project Priority
List which is updated and presented at a public hearing for citizen
input annually, details and describes the projects funded by the EPA
construction grants program. This list determines the order in which
comuunities become eligible for financial assistance from the EPA
Construction Grant Program.
The 205(g) grant has provided the state with an opportunity to assist
conmunities with their wastewater improvement needs by providing the
necessary personnel needed to administer the EPA Contruction Grants
Program. Prior to the 205{g) grant, this program suffered from a
severe deficiency of EPA personnel needed to properly run the
program. The 205(g) grant has allowed the state to add the required
personnel thereby allowing continuity in planning, technical, and
administrative needs for this program. The impact of this has been a
definite and pronounced decrease in the amount of time needed to
obtain financial assistance from EPA and a much better realization of
the needs and problems associated with wastewater treatment in the
state. An additional benefit of this grant has been an increase in
the level of local input into the decisions that are made in this
program. This is evidenced by a significant increase in local state
meetings that ultimately result in the decisions that direct the EPA
Construction Grants Program in the state.
3. The achievements associated with the EPA 205(g) grant were initially
negotiated between EPA Region VIII and the state and formalized in
the State/EPA 205{g) Delegation Agreement of April 6, 1979. This
Agreement called for the phased takeover by the state of the
administrative and technical functions associated with the EPA
Construction Grants Program over a three year period. The phased
approach will allow the state to add staff members at a gradual pace
and to take over former EPA functions as the additional personnel are
trained. The Agreement delineated EPA/State responsibilities, time
schedules for hiring personnel, and the schedules for the state's
assumption of delegated functions from EPA. The state is on schedule
for hiring and training personnel and will continue to assume
delegated functions from EPA according to the schedule agreed to in
the Agreement. In addition, the state has assumed the delegated
function of Value Engineering Identification, Review and Analysis
that was not included in the initial Agreement. It is expected that
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2.4.1.3
the state will assume all delegated functions according to the time
schedule outlined in the Agreement with the possible exception of
interim and final construction inspections which are now conducted by
the Army Corps of Engineers (COE). The state does not expect to take
over these inspections until the COE assistance is no longer
available.
The resources available to the state include the 205(g) grant of
$400,000 per year. The state plans to employ 13 personnel during FY
81 as outlined in the Media Work Plan Sheets in Section 2.4.2.2 of
this Agreement.
The time frame for accomplishing this priority objective has been
outlined in the 205(g) Delegation Agreement, and is included below.
(Sheet A-l-205(g) Agreement).
The commitments agreed to by the state and EPA In the 205(g)
Agreement are as follows:
EPA will delegate all functions of the EPA Construction Grant
Program that are delegable, will provide technical assistance and
training to the state as needed to assure new functions, and will
provide reasonable turnaround times for those functions that are
not delegable.
The state will assume all delegable functions of the EPA
Construction Grants Program as time and money allow and to keep
EPA informed of all grant project progress. The state also will
provide EPA with timely turnaround for EPA requested material.
This is described in more detail in the 205{g) Agreement.
1. IMPLEMENT AN INTERIM AUTHORIZATION PROGRAM FOR SUBTITLE C OF RCRA:
- PARTICIPATE IN AN INVENTORY FOR DISCOVERING AND INVESTIGATING
UNCONTROLLED HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES.
2. a. The goals of this activity are to identify serious hazardous
waste problems in the state, implement a state interim program
and participate in the development of integrated strategies to
provide for a comprehensive and coordinated approach by all
agencies involved in hazardous waste and toxic substance
management.
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b. The goals of this program will be met through a coordinated
effort of several individual tasks. Waste producers and their
associated disposal methods and sites will be identified from
data received from the EPA hazardous waste producers notification
and from a state conducted assessment of these facilities.
Disposal sites with high potential of receiving and handling
hazardous materials will also be identified. These tasks will
ultimately provide the necessary input for implementation of a
manifest system to manage hazardous wastes in the state. The
state will begin work on an emergency contingency plan. During
FY 81 the need and resources necessary to develop the plan will
be assessed, and with technical and funding assistance from EPA,
the state will initiate a draft. The plan will be designed to
ensure coordinated responses to emergencies involving hazardous
and toxic waste spills. Activities necessary to achieve these
goals include:
Completion of EPA notification process
Completion of state hazardous waste materials assessment
Inventory of abandoned and uncontrolled hazardous waste
disposal sites
Develop and implement manifest system
Provide input to hazardous material policy committee meetings
3. EPA will provide funding and manpower for the notification process
and the inventory of abandoned and uncontrolled disposal sites. The
other programs will be conducted by the state with manpower, funding,
and technical assistance provided by EPA as indicated in the media
work plans.
4. RESOURCES:
Funds Wprkyears
State $ 65,567 5.3
Federal $158,159
5. The inventories and assessments should be completed by midyear.
Other tasks will be spread out during FY 81.
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6. COMMITMENTS
State
a. Complete hazardous waste assessment
b. Assist EPA with inventory of abandoned
and uncontrolled hazardous waste
disposal sites as resources allow
c. Develop and implement manifest
tracking system
d. Participate in hazardous materials
policy committee meetings
EPA
a. Complete notification process
b. Lead inventory effort for abandoned and
uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal sites
c. Provide technical assistance and funding
for development of a state environmental
emergency contingency plan
Joint
Provide for close coordination of activities
which require joint effort
2.4.1.4
As needed
Dec 81
As needed
1. CONTINUE TO IDENTIFY PRIORITY NONPOINT SOURCE PROBLEMS AND APPROACHES
FOR SOLUTIONS; INTEGRATE POINT SOURCE, CLEAN LAKES, 208 ACTIVITIES,
GROUNDWATER PROJECTS, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AND RCRA PROGRAMS
WHEREVER POSSIBLE
2. The goals of this priority item are to determine causes and develop
implementable, publicly acceptable water quality management plans for
the control of nonpoint source (NPS) to meet state, federal and local
water quality goals for lakes and streams.
Best management practices (BMPs) have been recognized as the best
solution to controlling NPSs. There are several programmatic
mechanisms available to assist with the goal of placing BMPs on the
land.
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Educational programs which can be provided by the Extension Service,
individual conservation districts, the Association of Conservation
Districts, and other agencies can be effective and need to be
incorporated into any NPS control program.
Incentive programs such as the Agricultural Conservation Program
(ACP) and Rural Clean Water Program (RCWP) operated by the
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) and the
Great Plains Conservation Program (GPCP) operated by the Soil
Conservation Service (SCS) can provide cost-share to individual
landowners for the placement of BMPs on the land.
P.L. 95-217, Section 314 provides for 50 percent grants to the state
for the purpose of conducting large scale lake restoration projects
which benefit most of the lake residents. EPA provides grants to the
South Dakota Department of Water and Natural Resources (DWNR) which
then passes the money through to a local unit government which will
be responsible for the Lake Protection and Rehabilitation (LPR)
project. The state also has a LPR grant funds which can provide 25
percent of the cost, leaving only 25 percent for the local
governments and individuals to come up with for the project.
3. DWNR has broad responsibility for protecting the water quality in
lakes and streams. DWNR has also been designated by the Governor as
the agency to receive Section 314 grants from EPA. In addition, in
the 208 Management Plan, DWNR is designated as one of the statewide
management agencies for point and nonpoint sources of pollution.
The State Department of Game, Fish, and Parks has the broad
responsibility for managing our lakes and streams for fisheries use.
The State Department of Agriculture, Division of Conservation has the
authority to control nonpoint pollution through SDCL 38-8A (Soil
Erosion and Sediment Damage Control Act). Also, they were given the
statewide management agency responsibilities for nonpoint sources of
pollution in the 208 Water Quality Management Plan.
Individual conservation districts were designated by the 208 Plan as
management agencies for nonpoint source at the local levels.
EPA is responsible for oversight of the 208 and 314 program and
timely funding of those programs. "With timely funding of these
programs, State of South Dakota will continue to make these programs
a high priority area of activity."
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4. RESOURCES:
a. EPA
(1)
(2)
State
(1)
208
FY 79
FY 80
FY 81
314
FY 81
208
FY 79
FY 80
FY 81
(2) 314
USOA
314
FY 81
ACP Funds
FY 80
FY 81
$ 357,600
$ 398,250
$ 830,625*
$2,100,000*
$ 119,200
$ 132,750
$ 276,875*
$2,100,000*
$ 150,000
Great Plains Funds
FY 80
FY 81
$1,000,000
Resources Conservation Development Funds
FY 80
FY 81
$ 378,000
Waterboard Program
FY 80 $2,000,000
FY 81
* Projected Funding
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5. OVERALL TIME FRAME
6.
a. Interim limited objectives:
Present Water Quality Study areas to meet fishable, swimmable
goals by 1983.
b. By 2020:
Complete implementation of nonpoint sources section of 208 Water
Quality Management Plan if appropriate funds are available.
ACCOMPLISHMENT COMMITMENTS FOR THE NONPOINT SOURCE OBJECTIVE
State Commitments Date
a. Administration of the 208 Grant
b. Administration of 314 Grants
c. Nonpoint pollution abstract plans
d. Model implementation program assistance
e. Nonpoint source planning and implemen-
tation in specific watersheds
f. SCS IPA Commitment to DWNR
g. Statewide Conservation District Involve-
ment and Public Information Desemination
through South Dakota Association of
Conservation Districts
h. Determine causes, identify and implement
solutions to lake authorization problems
ongoing
ongoing
Nov 81
ongoing
ongoing
ongoing
ongoing
ongoing
The following is South Dakota's projected priority list for 314 funding:
Priority
Ranking
Lake
Project
Cost
Projected
Application Date
PHASE I
PHASE II
1
2
3
4
5
.6
7
8
Canyon
Stockade
Poi nsett
Mina
Herman
Wall
Capital
Pickerel
Kampeska
$ 100,000
$ 800,000
500,000
200,000
200,000
800,000
500,000
400,000
700.000
$4,200,000
July 1, 1981
August 1, 1981
November 1, 1980
August 1, 1980
July 1, 1981
January 1, 1981
September 1, 1980
(revision date)
September 1, 1981
September 1, 1981
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I
EPA Commitments
a. Continue full funding of 208 and 314
projects
b. Review of state accomplishments and
programs
c. Technical support
d.
7. ASSUMPTIONS/CONTINGENCIES - That full funding continue.
2.4.1.5
1. PLAN AND BEGIN IMPLEMENTATION OF A COORDINATED GROUNDWATER STRATEGY
PROGRAM
2. a. The objective is to protect, restore, maintain, and manage the
state's ground water resources to the level of quality for the
attainment of the present and future beneficial uses.
b. Within South Dakota the quantity of groundwater exceeds the
quantity of surface water in the Missouri River impoundments
by a factor of 200. South Dakota also has the highest
relative use of groundwater of any state. Ninety-two percent
of South Dakota's public water supplies receive their drinking
water entirely from groundwater aquifers. Innumerable wells
also serve rural domestic and stock watering needs. With an
existing heavy dependence on groundwater resources and the
growing demand for water for uses in both energy development
and agriculture, it is imperative that the state continue to
expand its focus on groundwater quality problems and
management.
Currently there are six wells associated with the oil and gas
industry which inject brine back into the hydrocarbon-bearing
formations. The potential oil and gas development of the
Williston Basin is a possible source of future groundwater
contamination. In-situ uranium mining and the development of
geothermal resources holds the potential that reinjection of
water will contaminate overlying aquifers utilized for
domestic purposes. It appears that nitrate levels are either
increasing or are already above the drinking water standard of
10 mg/1 in many of the shallow aquifers in the state. At this
time, it is suspected that the major source of the nitrates is
from nonpoint sources. Other contaminants that may cause
adverse health effects are also being discharged to the ground
water from nonpoint sources.
-26-
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To protect groundwater quality, a set of criteria must be
established to evaluate activities which may result in
groundwater pollution. Existing state statutes requiring
non-degradation of groundwater are inadequate by themselves to
provide this protection.
c. Figure 2-1 illustrates the basic approach that DWNR will
utilize to develop and establish a groundwater protection
strategy. Due to the lack of sufficient data compiled on
groundwater quality statewide, any future emphasis on
establishing criteria or management programs will depend upon
the existence of a data base. The state's approach therefore
will be to initially expand the data base of aquifers within
the state in order to establish a classification scheme of the
groundwater resources, identify problem sources and classify
these sources as to potential degree of pollution, and
thirdly, to develop a process to identify contamination and
degree of risk which they represent. Technical requirements
that need to be developed to implement this management
approach are also shown in Figure 2-1. Procedures must be
developed to incorporate groundwater protection requirements
on "point sources" into existing environmental permit
programs. A major consideration in establishing groundwater
quality standards is whether or not the technical knowledge or
expertise is available to interpret and implement standards.
General requirements will be developed for nonpoint sources
and will be implemented through educational programs geared
toward enhancing public awareness of groundwater problems, the
possible impact on water quality of given activities,
voluntary compliance, and the cost-benefits associated with
compliance. This approach will be initiated on the Big Sioux
Aquifer where elevated nitrate levels and higher incidents of
cancer have been identified and in Gregory County where
elevated nitrate and selenium levels have been documented. It
has not been determined if groundwater quality standards need
to be set at this time.
An initial step that has occurred is that South Dakota has
been designated as requiring an Underground Injection Control
(UIC) Program and has until March 1981, to develop a UIC
Program which may be extended an additional 270 days if the
state can demonstrate good cause. Those activities necessary
for the establishment of this statewide groundwater strategy
are listed in "d" below.
-27-
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-28-
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d. (1) Assess the magnitude, area! extent, and sources of water
quality problems in the aquifer.
(2) Evaluate existing health problems within the basin which
may be related to water quality.
(3) Recommend and establish Best Management Practices and a
groundwater management and protection program within the
aquifer. Primary focus of these activities will be to
package the information obtained into educational
programs for presentation to the public.
(4) Identify a permanent monitoring network for both diffuse
and localized sources of potential contamination.
(5)* Consider if this aquifer should be designated a "sole
source" aquifer under PL 93-523, 1424(e).
(6) The DIG Program will include the following activities:
coordination of data on potable groundwater quality
and quantity from other state and federal sources on
affected aquifers;
inventory of the existing injection wells;
evaluation of the existing wells and their potential
threat to groundwater supplies;
establishment of a monitoring program to ensure
continued safety for the groundwater supplies from
injection wells;
identification of aquifers with oil, gas, or
geothermal potential;
mapping potential drinking water aquifers which
could be affected by injection wells.
* These activities are currently scheduled only for the Big Sioux
Aquifer.
3. DWNR will act as overall program coordinator for such agencies as
USGS, Ag Extension, South Dakota Department of Health, South Dakota
Association of Conservation Districts, East Dakota Conservancy
Subdistrict and the Office of Geological Survey. DWNR will also
provide input on BMP development and the development of educational
programs. EPA will provide technical assistance and review DWNR
proposals.
4. RESOURCES
Big Sioux Aquifer Gregory County UIC
EPA $461,250**/$48,750 $15,000 $41,700
State $153,750**/$16,250 $ 5,000 $13,900
** Proposed funding
-29-
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TIME FRAME
The Big Sioux study is intended to be a three year project. The
UIC program should be established by March 1981. The overall
groundwater program will be an ongoing dynamic process.
COMMITMENTS
State
a. Review regulations of other states 12/15/80
b. Review federal regulations 1/15/81
c. Assess magnitude, extent and source of water quality problems
3/1/82
d. Evaluate health problems and relate to water quality 10/1/81
e. Recommend BMP's and management programs; present
recommendations in educational program to public 3/1/80
f. Identify permanent monitoring network 8/1/82
g. Consider designation of Big Sioux as "sole source" aquifer
8/1/82
h. Establish statewide program for the protection of groundwater
from underground injection 9/30/81
EPA
a. Commit additional $461,250 for Big Sioux Aquifer
b. Commit $41,700 to South Dakota UIC program
c. Review and provide technical assistance on educational
programs for presentation to the public for the prevention of
grounawater contamination 1/1/83
Joint DWNR/EPA
Determine if additional federal funds are necessary 1/15/81
2.4.1.6
1. EXPAND INDIAN PROGRAMS IN PESTICIDES AND 208 PLANNING ACTIVITIES
A. Pesticides
Expansion of Indian Pesticide Certification/Enforcement
Activities. The goal is to complete the development and
implement acceptable plans to accomplish pesticide application
certification of both private and commercial pesticide
applicators on the Indian Reservation in South Dakota. A
necessary part of each plan is an effective means of enforcement.
-30-
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The plans shall collectively, provide for the safe effective use
of legal pesticides on all reservations located within South
Dakota. The problem of legal jurisdiction is of the utmost
importance and must be effectively addressed to assure the
success of each individual plan.
Because the state has no jurisdiction on Indian Trust Land, each
plan must provide for tribal enforcement. ,
To eliminate duplication of effort and better utilize existing
certification programs, the certification process shall be
provided by the existing state program.
To provide for Indi-an enforcement, it will be necessary for each
tribe to develop legal authority to:
Enter into interagency agreements with the EPA assuring that
EPA will provide training and logistical support for tribal
enforcement personnel.
Review state certification of individual applicators to
determine if such certification meets tribal standards and
can be accepted.
Appoint or hire personnel authorized to act in pesticide
enforcement/i nvesti gation acti viti es.
It will also be necessary for the South Dakota Department of
Agriculture to cooperate with tribal officials by:
Making certification training and examinations available to
all residents of reservations who wish or need pesticide
application certification as either a private or commercial
applicator.
Cooperating with Indian Pesticide Enforcement personnel.
Maintaining liasion between Indian Pesticide Offices and the
Office of the South Dakota Department of Agriculture,
Pesticide Section.
Additionally, EPA Region VIII Pesticide Branch shall:
Provide training for Indian Pesticide Enforcement personnel.
Provide pertinent information, i.e., the development of new
regulations and suspension orders.
Provide guidance and opportunity for financial aid in the
form of grants.
Each participating Tribal Authority will need a minimum of
$21,000 to provide for the initial development during the first
year. Each of these grants would obligate federal funds of
$18,000 and tribal matching funds of $3,000.
-31-
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Depending upon the number of tribes participating, the EPA would
have to devote .5 man years per annum for the entire program in
South Dakota. Each tribe would expend approximately .5 and the
state .1 man years.
The initial stages of development will probably take three more
years. The activities would then be ongoing and beyond the scope
of this objective. However, to provide a reasonable development
process, the following timetable should be considered.
TRIBAL:
Develop needed legal authority
Hire or appoint personnel
Provide office facility for personnel
Enter into necessary interagency
agreements with EPA and state
Review and appraise certification
EPA:
Contact proper tribal officials
to initiate process
Issue grants
Provide training opportunities
January 1981
February 1981
February 1981
March 1981
April 1981
ongoing
October 1980
March 1981
Consideration must be made that not all the tribes will be
uniformly willing or capable of developing a Pesticide
Enforcement plan. Flexibility and constant awareness of the
Indian people's right of self-government must be maintained.
Although different rules must necessarily be met by all agencies
involved, a relationship fully equal in all respects must be
maintained.
B. Water Quality
(1) Tribal 208 Planning activities
(2) a. It is a priority objective of DWNR to coordinate 208
planning between the state and the nine Sioux Tribes to
ensure that planning efforts are unified and addressed
comprehensively in developing tribal water quality
management plans to improve water quality statewide,
b. A few of the water quality problems to be coordinated by
DWNR on tribal trust lands are: increased dissolved
solids from irrigation return flows (Lower Brule Sioux
Reservation), eutrophication of lakes (Cheyenne River
-32-
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Sioux Reservation), improper application and disposal of
pesticides (Yankton Sioux reservation), inadequate waste
treatment facilities (Crow Creek Sioux Reservation),
overgrazing (Pine Ridge Sioux Reservation), and saline
contamination of groundwater (Cheyenne River Sioux
Reservation).
c. OWNR will encourage and coordinate the establishment of a
natural resource division within each tribe to set water
quality standards and oversee mechanisms of enforcement.
DWNR will also establish liaison with U.S. Soil
Conservation Service, state conservation districts and
other organizations capable of providing technical
expertise to the tribes.
d. DWNR will coordinate the tribes' designation of watershed
study areas, assure proper sampling procedures and develop
specific BMP's in farming, grazing, irrigation,
construction of individual and community wastewater
treatment facilities, and the drilling and capping of oil
and artesian wells.
3. The tribes have the responsibility of preparing the 208 water quality
management plans for those non-designated areas of the state in which
each tribe resides. DWNR will coordinate, provide technical
assistance, review and approve all facets of tribal 208 water quality
management planning. EPA will provide the grant funds to the state
for tribal 208 planning, technical assistance and review and approve
the final tribal 208 water quality management plan.
4. RESOURCES
a. EPA - $182,241
b. State/tribe - $60,747
c. Workyears - state (1); tribes (6.4)
5. Contracts between the tribes and DWNR for tribal 208 water quality
management planning is coordinated on a one year basis.
6. COMMITMENTS
State
a. Negotiate contracts with the tribes for 208 planning.
b. Prepare contracts.
c. Assist the tribes in preparing the tribal 208 work plan.
d. Provide technical assistance to the tribes in preparing a 208
water quality management plan.
e. Review and approve the 208 quarterly reports and expenditures.
f. Review and comment on the final tribal 208 water quality
management plan.
-33-
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EPA
a. Provide 208 grants monies to the state for tribal 208 water
quality management planning.
b. Provide technical assistance.
c. Review and approve all facets of tribal 208 water quality
management planning.
Joint
To determine if additional information will need to be provided
in the tribal 208 water quality management plans.
2.4.1.7
1. ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORT FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE TRAINING AND
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE,
2. DESCRIPTION OF PRIORITY OBJECTIVE
a. To contact water and wastewater treatment plant operators in need
of technical assistance, training and new information pertinent
to their field of operations.
b. Enhance the operation and maintenance of a specific facility
which fails to comply with state or federal requirements; i.e.,
NPDES, FSDWA.
c. Programmatic Mechanisms
(1) Operation and Maintenance Inspections: This will require
personnel with expertise to give on-site advice to operators
in the form of one-on-one type contract. If the problem is
to be solved, this is the most expedient method.
(2) Classroom Training: This will require personnel with
expertise to present a course of instruction dealing with
administrative requirements of their operations as well as
operational theory. This should solve problems on an
instructor-student plane. It will also serve as a
preventative for future administrative problems. Hopefully,
it will motivate operators to enhance their knowledge
relative to their environmental activity.
(3) Support of the South Dakota Water and Wastewater
Association: This 46-year old organization sponsors two
(large in number) short courses per year. This association
ties in various training needs in both water and wastewater.
It offers "self-paced" water and wastewater training packages
for sale as a reasonable price. It also publishes a
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quarterly newsletter, The Clarifier which is helpful in
reaching operators. TheAssociations - DWNR's compact!" bility
lends to the operators success in operation, maintenance,
future planning, etc., by providing technical information
through the above avenues of communication.
(4) Certification Examinations: This is an evaluation of the
effectiveness of the above items (1 through 3). No
evaluation is intended to be faultless, but the state's
Certification Program has improved the quality of the
operators. It is felt that the under-qualified personnel
leave the field, due to failure to comply with the
certification law and'regulations, thus only the more
technically trained stay on.
d. Supportive Activities - See the Commitments listed on item 6.
FIVE-YEAR STRATEGY-109(b) GRANT
Under provisions of Sub-Section 109(b) of the Clean Water Act of 1977
certain innovative and imaginative training programs which compliment
existing manpower development and training are authorized. Due to more
technical and complicated waste water treatment facilities being
constructed and planned within the next five years, we deem it prudent to
look into the many avenues of funding for future training needs. It is
also timely to delve into methods of complimenting existing training
programs.
We foresee a definite need for many of the following future training
needs under 109(b).
They are listed in order of priority.
a. Mobile Training Units - Purchase, renovate or supply proper
equipment for mobile training units. A unit should also include
a complete laboratory facility.
b. Special ized Instructors - The contracting of instructors to teach
technical operator training subject matter that is identified
within a training program. The definition of a specialized
instructor is a professional and/or technical expert within the
field of wastewater pollution control.
c. Classroom Rental - Payment of charges levied for use of existing
classroom facilities that are adequate without modification for
operator training. This includes fixed laboratory facilities.
d. Working WastewaterTreatment Plant - The term "working wastewater
treatement plant" also can be interpreted to mean a package
plant, a simulation of such a plant, or a mathematical model of
such a plant if the applicant is prepared to certify that such an
arrangement will prepare the learner for the occupation he/she is
being trained. •-""
-35-
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We believe that the need for advanced wastewater treatment plant
operations training will become critical within the next five years. (The
Certification Board has moved in an expanding direction by introducing
Class IV operators for certification as of January 1981.) We should do
the same by preparing for the technical training of the operators using at
least the facets offered by a mobile training unit and specialized
instructors.
3. RESPONSIBILITIES
DWNR will provide the manpower to accomplish this objective. EPA
will provide funding assistance and will assist the state in
obtaining additional funding under 104(g).
4. RESOURCES
EPA - No Workyear
$53,100 106 funding
104(g) funding - EPA refused South Dakota's request
DWNR - 4.2 Manyears
$46,168
5. OVERALL TIME FRAME TO CONDUCT PRIORITY OBJECTIVE
On-going
6. ACCOMPLISHMENT COMMITMENTS FOR THE PRIORITY OBJECTIVE
State
a. O&M Inspections of wastewater treatment facilities (Water Quality)
b. Sanitary Surveys of drinking water supplies and swimming pools,
(drinking water)
-36-
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c. Training
(1) Wastewater 3-Day Basic Course
(2) Wastewater 3-Day Advance Course
(3) Water 3-Day Basic Course
(4) Water 3-Day Advanced Course
{5} One-Day Water Workshop
(6) Two-Day Wastewater Stabilization Pond Workshops
(7) One-on-One Operator Visitations by Training
Specialists and/or Engineers
(8) Training Materials
(9) On-going Certification Examination Program
d. Assistance to water and wastewater operator organization.
EPA
a. Provide personnel to assist in state activities, to include O&M
surveys, training courses, and conferences.
b. Provide funding assistance through 106.
c. Provide additional funding assistance through 104(g).
7. ASSUMPTION/CONTINGENCIES
a. With an ongoing O&M program within the number of FY 80 previous
level (95 visitations); the operator's proficiency should be
enhanced; the maintenance of their respective plants accomplished
and plans formulated for necessary expansion, upgrading or
complete system changes.
b. Certain facets of a sanitary inspection of water supply
facilities will be enhanced by methodical consultations,
visitations, and technical advice. The needs for plant
improvement, expansion and/or complete new facility will surface
with this type of evaluation.
c. Training: The qualifications and knowledge of the operators can
only increase, this will motivate the operators to improve the
overall operation, maintenance, administrative management and
general housekeeping of their facilities.
d. The Associations contribution will increase the rapport and
support of the operator with city, state and federal officials.
e. The Certification Program will improve the quality of the
operator. In many cases, the operators salary is based on the
certification level.
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2.4.1.8
1. REFINE RADIATION MONITORING PROGRAM TO INCLUDE REMEDIAL MONITORING
PROGRAM FOR URANIUM MILL TAILINGS FOR EDGEMONT, SOUTH DAKOTA.
2. The objectives of the radiological monitoring section are to evaluate
TENR exposures and to provide technical assistance in the development
of a remedial action program to reduce population exposures to as low
as reasonably achievable levels for migrated uranium mill tailings in
Edgemont, South Dakota. The location, evaluation and isolation of
uranium mill tailings associated with occupiable structures comprise
the environmental management problem of the priority objective.
Delineation of the extent of migrated mill tailings will provide a
basis for the evaluation of health hazards and an estimate of the
need for remedial action. Ganma ray
surveys accomplished with pressurized ionization chambers (PIC) and
scintolometers were used to locate potential areas of migrated mill
tailings. The evaluation of potential health hazards associated with
mill tailings is accomplished by the use of radon progeny integrating
sampling units (RPISU), grab air sampling, and soil sampling to
identify mill tailings through radionuclide determination.
3. The state's responsibilities include identification of the location
of possible tailings use, monitoring to determine the degree of
health hazard associated with the tailings, recommendations for
remedial action, and monitoring to assess the degree of success of
remedial action measures.
EPA's primary responsibilities include providing technical assistance
and equipment for the purpose of monitoring environmental radiation.
A contracted private engineering firm provides comprehensive
engineering assessments of the degree of radiation hazard and
estimates of costs concerning remedial action measures.
4. RESOURCES:
Funding Workyears
State $25,000 1.0
Fed (AQ Grt)' $20,000
5. It is estimated it will take approximately one year to satisfy the
requirements of the priority objective.
6. COMMITMENTS
State Date
a. Locate and evaluate sources of TENR in
Edgemont 8/30/81
b. Remove sources of TENR Continuous
c. Monitor structures after TENR source
removal to assess degree of risk 8/30/81
-38-
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EPA
a. Provide technical assistance
b. Provide necessary equipment
c. Monitor as possible uncontrolled hazardous waste site case
Joint
The state and EPA will continue to provide technical assistance
to Edgemont for assessment of the degree of risk associated with
mill tailings and for the safe removal of the tailings.
The objectives outlined above will be met assuming that continued
cooperation of the citizens of Edgemont is realized, that the sources
of radiation can be identified; and that the residences identified as
potentially unsafe can be made safe upon completion of remedial
action.
The successful completion of the priority objective is contingent
upon the cooperation of the residents, the amount of money available
for location and evaluation of radiation exposures, and the amount of
money available for remedial action.
2.4.1.9
1. ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT REGULATIONS FOR PSD INCLUDING NEW SOURCE REVIEW
PERMIT PROGRAM OF AIR QUALITY
2. DESCRIPTION OF PRIORITY OBJECTIVE
a. Adopt and enforce the regulations from the U.S. EPA's PSD
regulations. Receive approval of the SIP by adopting the New
Source Review regulations.
b. The PSD program wll address the problem of protecting relatively
clean air areas. New Source Review regulations will lift the
construction ban currently imposed on the Rapid City-Pennington
County area.
c. These objectives will be accomplished through the regulation
writing process which will include public hearings, EPA technical
aid, and delegation of enforcement authority by the federal
government.
d. Needed activities:
(1) Writing and adopting regulations
(2) Establishing Class I area air monitoring systems
(3) Delegation of authority from EPA
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3. EPA has the responsibility of issuing the final PSD regulations
before we can begin to implement that program. The state must write
the new source review regulations and receive input from EPA and the
public. The state must also initiate an ambient air monitoring
network for the Class I areas. When final PSD rules are received,
the state will then draft those regulations, possibly with the
assistance of an EPA representative. Finally, delegation of
authority must come from EPA.
4. RESOURCES:
Funding Horkyears
State $ 7,400 1.0
Fed $22,300
5. OVERALL TIME FRAME
New Source Review Regulations - effective and approved by October
1980.
PSD Program Regulations - effective and approved by January 1981.
Air Monitoring Network for Class I areas established by August 1981
6. STATE COMMITMENTS Date
a. Write and adopt New Source Review regulations August 1980
b. Write and adopt PSD regulations January 1981
c. Establish Class I Ambient Air Monitoring
Network August 1981
EPA COMMITMENTS
a. Provide assistance on developing PSD January 1981
regulations
b. Provide assistance in reviewing PSD October 1980
applications
2.4.1.10
1. MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN
WESTERN AND SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA
2. DESCRIPTION OF PRIORITY OBJECTIVE
The priority objective is to minimize environmental impacts
associated with energy development in South Dakota. Development of energy
resources will change the environment and life style of the region. The
labor and support force to construct and operate mining and conversion
facilities will rapidly increase population in predominantly rural
settings. The potential for social and economic problems will be great
unless adequate and timely planning and financing are available. The
problem is to ensure that energy resource development-goals are achieved
while environmental standards and objectives are maintained.
-40-
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3. RESPONSIBILITIES
EPA Region VIII will continue to provide assistance, within its
available resources, to state and local environmental agencies on energy
issues. It must be recognized that secondary environmental impact
potentially associated with energy development may be of as great, and as
valid a concern as potential "primary" impacts. Uncontrolled and
unplanned rapid growth can result in inadequate drinking water supplies,
overloaded wastewater treatment plants, unpaved roads, and other
environmental impacts. The project proponent, whether private or public,
should share in the management and mitigation of these secondary impacts.
The region will continue to provide assistance to local communities for
growth management. The region will assist the state and local agencies in
their environmental regulatory decision making in order to expedite their
review of energy projects.
4. EPA COMMITMENTS:
a. The Regional Office will work with the state in the development
of state consolidated permit programs.
b. The Regional Office will provide planning assistance to the state
in its energy/environmental pollution control strategies.
c. The Water Division will provide continuing assistance to "208"
planning agencies in efforts to coordinate with Office of Surface
Mining activities. This will ensure that coal mining operations
develop consistent with the maintenance of local water quality
management goals and objectives. The Regional Office will
aggressively pursue continued financial assistance for energy
208s.
d. The Energy Policy Coordination Office will continue to support
the Federal Regional Council Energy Impact Office in providing
growth management assistance to energy communities.
e. The Regional Office will assist the state in expeditious decision
making on its water quality standards setting process.
f. The Regional Office believes that the cornerstone of national
energy policy should be energy conservation measures and
encouragement in utilization of renewable resources. The
Regional Office is increasing the promotion of energy
conservation measures, energy resource recovery and the
development of renewable energy resources. Incentives are
provided for these measures in awards for wastewater treatment
plants, solid waste grants, and in air pollution control grants.
These incentives do not reduce the base funding of "normal"
grants.
-41-
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-------
2.4.2 MEDIA WORK PLANS
2.4.2.1. INTRODUCTION FOR MEDIA WORK PLANS
In keeping with the Fiscal Year 1981 strategy of brevity and
conciseness within the SEA the following media work plans contain the
activities and outputs needed to fulfill the priority objectives as well
as the ongoing activities of EPA and the state agencies. The media work
plans include a detailed breakdown of the funding of both EPA and the
State. A summary table at the end of the work plans shows the breakdown
of federal and state dollars.
-42-
-------
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2. Hie definition of noncompliance will be taken
the Region VIII NPDES Permit Compliance Status
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b. Initiate necessary enforcement action or other
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1. Copies of all pertinent information sent to St
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rtification
Conduct a pesticide applicator c
program and provide EPA with sein
reports .
Monitor the State Program Grant
with quarterly grant reports.
Develop grant application (Coop.
Award gi-ant.
Negotiate pesticides program agr
following reservations: Cheyenne
Bmle, Rosebud and Pineridge.
gistration and Exemptions
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experimental use permits.
1. Provide annunl logistics plan
2. Provide at least 10 days noti
activity.
Monitor Federal experiment use p
provide EPA with monitoring acti
witliin fifteen days contigent on
Issue special local needs (Sec.
tions and provide EPA HQD and Rej
within 10 days.
Review Sec. 24 C registrations wi
issuances.
Act on Emergency Use Exemptions
10 days.
forcement
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of receipt.
Conduct use observations primari.
agricultural and non-agricultura!
Inspection for all suspected vio:
comply with EPA Pesticide Inspeci
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. Inspect each active producer establislunent at
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, Sample each restricted use pesticide produced
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two years and each general use pesticide at
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products, and other similar items.
Conduct restricted use pesticides investigati
according to SDCL 38:21:33.1 and 33:21:33.4 f
50% of dealers.
Check applicators to determine if they are
properly certified.
Audit commercial applicators records.
Act on incidents concerning imports, exports,
cancellation - suspension monitoring, stop
sales, incident investigations within 30 days
Prepare enforcement cases and maintain
enforcement files.
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Monthly and provide EPA with case files chose]
by EPA from Matrix upon request.
lalysis (State Laboratory)
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Obtain necessary training for chemist.
Participate in EPA (NEIC) check sample prograr
I'articipate in official, field collected samp.
check analysis program. (Official sample whicl
may serve as basis for enforcement action)
Establish a cross contamination screening
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program in accordance with EPA guidelines.
Perform rountine analysis of samples submittec
S. D. Dept. of Agriculture.
Purchase necessary lab equipment.
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2.5 FISCAL YEAR 1982 STATE/EPA
AGREEMENT PROPOSED SCHEDULE
The Fiscal Year 1982 State/EPA Agreement
will be developed in accordance with the
following (tentative) schedule.
- Activity Completion date
Notify Public regarding development December 1980
of priorities
EPA issues guidance to State February 1981
EPA/State meetings to discuss March 1981
guidance
EPA and State jointly draft June 1981
SEA for public distribution
Public meeting and comment August 1981
period on draft agreement
Revise and distribute final agreement September 1981
-88-
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2.6
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SOUTH KMOTA STATE/EPA AG?£&aT - 1S81
WHAT DOES IKE AGREEMENT COVER?
The "State/EPA Agreement (SEA)" Is a process originated by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to provide a consolidated approach to
planning, management, and implementation of federally funded, state im-
V.-^TKeated programs under the Safe Drinking Water Act, Resource Conserv-
ation and Recovery Act, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, Toxic Substances
Control Act, and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rhodenticide Act.
SEA is designed as a management tool for the joint State-EFA working
partnership to achieve national environmental goals. It allows South
Dakota to negotiate the priority needs, and define program direction.
commitments from EFA to facilitate the state's objectives, and a schedule
for completing those commitments. It serves as a basis for inter-agency
cooperation for designating responsibilities, and for determining strat-
egies for systematic approaches to problem solving. Intro and inter-
agency evaluation is built into the SEA through development of the media
work plans which provide directions on a day-to-day basis by deliniating
milestones and project responsibilities.
It is also designed to provide public awareness of current environ-
mental programs and a means that the public can provide input for address-
ing the programs. -
to IS INVOLVED AND HOW IS SEA DEVELOPS)?
The Department of Health, Division of Environmental Health, serves as
the lead agency for the SEA agreement in South Dakota. Additionally,
responsible state offices within the Department of Water and Natural Re-
sources, the-Department of Agriculture (Pesticides) and their federal
counterparts at SPA, Region VIII jointly (1) identify and negotiate pro-
gram goals, (2) develop detailed work plans to accomplish goals, and "(3)
identify priority tasks within and across Che program.
the process began in early spring with most of the activity in June
and July. A draft of the agreement will be available by the end of July
and a public meeting will be held in -lace August. The final plan will be
approved by September 30.
STATE ENVIROWENTAL FROWNS
The following is a list of the major state programs which will be In-
cluded in the agreement:
DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND NATURAL RESOURCES
• Safe Drinking water provides assistance to communities in
upgrading, operation, and maintenance of public water systems
and conducts surveillance programs including monitoring.
• #106 - monitor and enforce point and non-point discharges into
South Dakota waters.
• Water quality monitoring programs.
• #3H - inventory and cleanup of lakes.
» * #2050 - wastewater construction grants and training programs.
• 9203 - areawide water quality management plans.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Development of air quality regulations.
Air quality monitoring.
Solid waste open dump inventory.
Control of hazardous wastes.
Improvement of solid waste management facilities.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
• Pesticide, certification, use monitoring, enforcement and
technical assistance.
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I
KiTrilN THE FRCC-SAMS SEVERAL PRIORITY ISSUES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED:
* Revision and implementation of section 205G delegation agree-
ment far the construction grant program.
* Continue to identify priority non-point source problems and
approaches for solutions, integrate point source, clean lakes,
208 activities, groundwater projects, agricultural activities,
and RCRA programs wherever possible.
i Plan and begin implementation of a coordinated groundwater
strategy prograta.
* Expand Indian programs in pesticides and 208 planning.
• Environmental support for operation and maintenance training
and technical assistance.
• Refine radiation monitoring prograa to include remedial monit-
oring program for uranium mill tailings for Edgeoont, South
Dakota.
« Adopt and implement regulations for PSD including new source
review permit prograa for air quality.
• Minimize environmental impacts associated with energy develop-
ment in western and southeastern South Dakota.
* Implement an interin authorization program for Subtitle C of '
RCRA by participating in an inventory for discovering ami in-
vestigating uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and developing
a multi-agency state environmental emergency contingency plan.
YOUR INVOLVEHT IS REQUESTED
CCWENT ON MAJOR PROGRAMS AND PRIORITIES .
What issues do your see in the programs; how do these programs
affect your coomunity, program or business; what other environmental
programs are needed? Address comments concerning:
Water and Water
Quality to:
. Mr. Jim Kelson
Dept. of Hater and
Natural Resources
Foss Building
Pierre, SD S7501
Air Quality-Solid Waste
Radiation Monitoring to:
Mr. Tom Manthey
Dept. of Health
Environmental Health "
Foss IJuildfng
Pierre, SD 57501
Pesticides to:
Mr. Ray Perry
Dept. of Agriculture'
Anderson Building
Pierre, SD 57501
REVIEW AND CO-WENT ON THE DRAFT STATE/EPA AGREEMENT
Copies will be available after July 30. You will receive a notice
concerning its availability.
ATTEND PIBLIC I^ETING FOR AGREEMENT
The time and place of the meeting will be announced in the notice of
availability of the draft agreement.
STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
Department of Health
Division of Environmental Health
Joe Foss Building, Room 217
Pierre, South Dakota 57501
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NOTICE OF PUBLIC MEETING
. on South Dakota Fiscal Year 1981
State/U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Agreement
In order to better coordinate activities on environmental issues EPA
has requested states to develop State/EPA Agreements (SEA). The pur-
pose of the SEA is for state and EPA to identify major environmental
issues and then to commit resources to solving these problems. In order
to seek public comment on the.SEA, a public meeting will be held in
Pierre at the State Capitol Building, Room B-104 (Civil Defense Boom)
on August 27, 1980, at 7:30 P.M. CDT. Persons desiring to present.oral
or written comments may also appear at the designated time and place.
Written comments may also be submitted to the Department of Health
before that time. Copies of the SEA will be available after July 30, .
1930 by writing to the Department of Health, Division of Environmental
Health. Address all written comments and requests to : Tom Manthey,
Environmental Specialist I, Department of Health, Division of environ-
mental Health, Foss Building, Room 217, Pierre, South Dakota 57501.
Should you desire a draft copy of the State/EPA Agreement please complete
the form below and return it to Tom Manthey at the above address.
Name:
Company:
Address:
City
Please send me a draft
for Fiscal Year 1981.
State : Zip
copy of the State /EPA Agreement
South Dakota Department pf Health
Div. of Environmental Health
Joe Foss Building Room 217
Pierre, South Dakota 57501
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
CM - Clean Air Act
CWA - Clean Water Act
FIFRA - Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
SDWA - Safe Drinking Water Act
TSCA - Toxic Substances Control Act
ACP - Agricultural Conservation Program
AQCR - Air Quality Control Regions
AQMP - Air Quality Maintenance Planning
ASCS - Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service
AST - Advanced Secondary Treatment
AWT - Advanced Wastewater Treatment
BACT - Best Available Control Technology
BAT - Best Available Technology
BMP - Best Management Practices
CAS - Compliance Analysis System
CCP - Composite Correction Program
CDS - Compliance Data System
CEQ - Council on Environmental Quality
COE - Corps of Engineers
CTG - Control Technology Guideline
DCO - Delayed Compliance Order
ECHO - Each Community Helps Others
EIA - Environmental Impact Appraisal
EIS - Environmental Impact Statement
FTE - Full Time Equivalent
FONSI - Finding of No Significant Impact
GAC - Granular Activated Carbon
GPCP - Great Plains Conservation Program
ICR - Industrial Cost Recovery
I/M - Inspection and Maintenance
IPM - Integrated Pest Management
IRLG - Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group
MCL - Maximum Contaminant Level
MIP - Model Implementation Plan *» i-. ,
MSED - Mobil Source Enforcement Division '
MMS - Municipal Management System
NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards
MAMS - National Air Monitoring Stations
NASQAN - National Ambient Stream Quality Accounting Network
NDWAC - National Drinking Water Advisory Council
NEDS - National Emission Data System
NEPA - National Environmental Policy Act
NES - National Emission Standards
NESHAPS - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
NPDES - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NPS - Nonpoint Source
NSPS - New Source Performance Standards
NSR - New Source Review
-------
r
NWQSS - National Water Quality Surveillance System
ONAC - Office of Noise Abatement Control
OANR - Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
O&M - Operation and Maintenance
OTS - Office of Toxic Substances
OWWM - Office of Water And Wastewater Management
PCS - Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PCS - Permits Compliance System
PIC - Pressurized lonization Chambers
POTW - Publicly Owned Treatment Works
PSD - Prevention of Significant Deterioration
RACT - Reasonable Available Control Technology
RCWP - Rural Clean Water Program
SAMWG - Standing Air Monitoring Work Group
SCS - Soil Conservation Service
SEA - State EPA Agreement
SIA - Surface Impoundment Assessment
SIP - State Implementation Plan
SPCC - Spill Prevention Control & Counter
QCP - Quiet Communities Program
SLAMS - State/Local Air Monitoring Stations
SOC - Synthetic Organic Chemicals
SWM - Solid Waste Management
TENR - Technically Enhanced Naturally-occurring Radioactivity
THM - Trihalomethanes
TSP - Total Suspended Particulates
UIC - Underground Injection Control
VOC - Volatile Organic Compounds
WQI - Water Quality Index
WQM - Water Quality Management
WQSA - Water Quality Study Area
ZBB - Zero Base Budget
S Environmental Protection
'™ Roo* 2404 -
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401 M Street, s-w- <
DO 20460
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