United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Preparing Your
Drinking Water
Consumer
Confidence Report
Revised Guidance for Water Suppliers
(Original Document: EPA 816-R-01-002, Januaiy 2001)
(Revised Document: EPA 816-R-05-002, April 2005)
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Office of Water (4606)
EPA816-R-05-002
www.epa .aov/safewater
April 2005
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Notice
This document provides guidance to water suppliers on EPA's current interpretation of the
Consumer Confidence Report Rule. The guidance is designed to implement national policy on
these issues. The document does not, however, substitute for EPA's regulations; nor is it a
regulation itself. Thus, it cannot impose legally -binding requirements on EPA, states, or water
suppliers, and may not apply to a particular situation based upon its circumstances. EPA and state
decision-makers retain the discretion to adopt approaches on a case-by-case basis that differ from
this guidance where appropriate. EPA may change this guidance in the future.
Contents
Introduction [[[ 1
I. What is a consumer confidence report? [[[ 2
II. Who must prepare a consumer confidence report? .......................................... 2
III. When must a water system distribute its report? ........................................... 3
IV. What content is required in the report? [[[ 3
Item 1 : Water System Information [[[ 5
Item 2: Source(s) of Water [[[ 6
Item 3: Definitions [[[ 6
Item 4: Detected Contaminants [[[ 7
Multiple Distribution Systems ................................................. 10
Reporting on Radon and Cryptosporidium ....................................... 10
Reporting on Additional Monitoring ............................................ 11
Item 5; Compliance with Other Drinking Water Regulations .............................. 12
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) Violations .................. 12
Variances and Exemptions [[[ 12
Item 6: Educational Information [[[ 13
Special Requirements for Nitrate, Arsenic, Lead, and Trihalomethanes ................. 13
Other Educational Information ................................................ 14
V. What should the report look like? [[[ 15
VI. How must a water system distribute its report? ........................................... 15
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Introduction
This document is for water suppliers who
are preparing drinking water Consumer
Confidence Reports (CCRs) [40 CFR part 141
Subpart O]. This guide explains the
requirements for report content, format, and
distribution that the U.S. EPA established in the
Consumer Confidence Report Rule, published
in the FEDERAL REGISTER on August 19, 1998
and in subsequent revisions to the rule through
calendar year 2004.
The rationale for CCRs is that consumers
have the right to know what is in their drinking
water and where that water comes from. The
reports will help consumers to make informed
choices that affect the health of themselves and
their families. They also will encourage
consumers to consider the challenges of
delivering safe drinking water. Educated
consumers are more likely to help protect their
drinking water sources and to understand the
true costs of safe drinking water.
Water suppliers, states, and EPA are all
working to educate consumers about the
sources and quality of their drinking water, and
to increase their involvement in decisions about
it. Systems and states are including citizens in
decisions regarding use of the drinking water
state revolving fund and in planning source
water assessment programs. Consumers who
are familiar with the basic drinking water
information in CCRs will be able to participate
more effectively in these processes.
Since this document was published in
January 2001, EPA has published the Arsenic
Rule (January 22, 2001); the Filter Backwash
Recycling Rule (June 8, 2001); the Long-Term
1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
(January 14,2002); miscellaneous corrections
to existing rules; and miscellaneous revisions or
additions to analytical methods, detection
limits and compliance dates.
These rules create new requirements that
may be subject to inclusion in a CCR. For
example:
Arsenic Rule: Beginning with the report
due July 1, 2002, a system with a detect of
arsenic above 5 parts per billion (ppb) or
0.005 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and up to
and including 10 ppb or 0.010 mg/L must
include a short informational statement in
the report. In the reports due July 1, 2002,
through July 1, 2007, a system with a
detect of arsenic above 10 ppb or 0.010
mg/L and up to and including 50 ppb or
0.05 mg/L prior to January 23, 2006 must
include special health effects language in
the report. Beginning with the report due
July 1,2007, systems that exceed the
revised arsenic MCL of 10 ppb or 0.010
mg/L on or after January 23, 2006 must
report the violation and include the special
health effects language in Appendix A.
* Long-Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule: A surface water system
serving from 500 to 9,999 people must
report violations of new disinfection
profiling requirements beginning with the
report due July 1,2004 and those serving
fewer than 500 people must report
violations of disinfection profiling
requirements beginning with the report due
July 1, 2005. A surface water system
serving fewer than 10,000 people must also
report violations of new treatment
technique and filter monitoring
requirements beginning with the report due
July 1,2006.
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Filter Backwash Recycle Rule: This new
rule did not add CCR requirements.
Because more than five years have passed
since monitoring was completed under the
Information Collection Rule (ICR), any CCR
requirements related to the ICR are no longer in
effect. Therefore, references to the ICR have
been removed from this document. The July 1.
2004 version of Appendix A to Title 40 of the
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 141,
Subpart O is included in Appendix A of this
document. Appendix A lists MCLs, MCLGs,
conversion factors for converting reported
values to CCR units, sources of contaminants,
and health effects language for the CCR.
Current (as of April 2005) analytical methods
and detection limits are included in Appendix B
of this document. References to reporting
requirements for monitoring under the
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule
(UCMR) have been revised to reflect changes
in the rule. Finally, recommendations for
improving the effectiveness of your CCR, and
new examples of reporting formats and
completed CCRs are included.
This document does not address the
provisions of the Ground Water Rule, the Long-
Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment
Rule, or the Stage 2 Disinfectant/Disinfection
By-Products Rule, which had not been adopted
at the time of development of this document.
Guidance for CCR reporting will be included in
the implementation guidance for each new rule.
I. What is a consumer confidence report?
In 1996, Congress amended the Safe
Drinking Water Act. This amendment added a
provision requiring that all community water
systems deliver to their customers a brief
annual water quality report. These Consumer
Confidence Reports (CCRs) summarize
information that your water system already
collects to comply with regulations. You will
not need to engage in any new monitoring just
for the CCR.
The CCR includes information on your
source water, the levels of any detected
contaminants, and compliance with drinking
water rules, plus some educational material.
Most reports will fit on a few sheets of paper.
A report that contains too much information or
is full of technical jargon can discourage
consumers from learning about their drinking
water.
II. Who must prepare a consumer confidence report?
Every community water system (serving
at least 15 service connections and/or 25 people
year round) must prepare and distribute a
report. These systems typically include cities,
towns, homeowners associations, and
manufactured housing communities.
A water wholesaler that sells water to
another water system must provide the retailer
with monitoring data and other information that
will enable the retailer to produce a CCR by
April 1 of each year, unless the two systems
make a different contractual agreement.
Wholesalers are not responsible for creating the
report for the retailer, nor are they responsible
for providing data on contaminants that the
retailer monitors (such as lead or
trihalomethanes). Regardless of who produces
the report, the retail system is responsible for
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ensuring that its customers receive a report
containing all required content.
In some cases, a retailer will contract with
the wholesaler to produce the report. There are
several options in this relationship. If the
retailer had no new data to add, it could simply
send out the wholesaler's CCR with a cover
letter explaining their relationship. If the
retailer did need to add data, it might choose to
reprint the wholesaler's CCR with a new
title/letterhead and extra data. Either of these is
acceptable.
I. When must a water system distribute its report?
You must deliver your annual report to
consumers by July 1 of each year. The reports
are based on calendar-year data, so your report
will include data collected between January and
December of the previous calendar year.
Additionally, the most recent monitoring results
must be included for detected regulated and
unregulated (if applicable) contaminants which
are monitored at frequencies less than annually.
Results more than five years old do not have to
be reported.
Wholesalers must deliver information to
their buyers by April 1st of each year (unless
there is a separate agreement). A new
community water system must deliver its first
report by July 1 of the year after its first full
calendar year in operation, and annually
thereafter.
IV. What content is required in the report?
This guidance describes EPA's
requirements for a CCR (using the words
"must" and "shall") and suggests (using the
words "encourage," "should," and "may") other
sections or explanations that will help your
customers understand the report. Your state's
CCR rule may require more information, so be
sure to check with your state drinking water
program or other relevant state or local
authorities.
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Basic Consumer Confidence Report
Requirements
(please read on for details and recommended
enhancements)
Water System Information
Name/phone number of contact person
« Information on public participation
opportunities
Information for non-English speaking
populations, if applicable
Sources of Water
Type, name, and general location of water
sources
Availability of source water assessment
Information on significant sources of
contamination, if available
Definitions (See Item 3 for specific language)
MCL
MCLG
MRDL
MRDLG
Others as needed
Detected Contaminants
* Table summarizing data on detected regulated &
unregulated contaminants
Known or likely source of each detected
contaminant
» Health effects language and explanation (for
MCL violations)
Information on voluntary monitoring for
Cryptosporidium, radon, and other
contaminants, if applicable
Compliance with Other Drinking Water
Regulations
Explanation of violations, potential health
effects, and steps taken to correct the violations
Explanation of variance/exemption, if applicable
Required Educational Information (See Item 6 for
specific language)
Explanation of contaminants and their presence
in drinking water
Warning for vulnerable populations about
Cryptosporidium
Informational statements on arsenic, nitrate, and
lead, if necessary
EPA encourages you to tailor the content
of your CCR to local conditions. If you think
that an added picture or graph would help your
customers to understand your report, add it. If
your customers would benefit from an
explanation of your need for new treatment
facilities, tell them. As long as any additional
educational information is consistent with, and
not detracting from, the purpose of the report,
you may add it. For example, the CCR rule does
not require a title for your report. However, you
should give your report a title to catch the
customer's attention. You may call the report a
"Consumer Confidence Report," a "Water
Quality Report," or choose another title.
Customers are most interested in a clear
statement of whether or not their drinking water
meets all EPA and state standards. Although it is
not required by the regulations, you will help
your customers if you tell them whether their
water met all drinking water standards. Be
cautious in using the word "safe" since water
that meets standards and is safe for most people
night not be safe for infants, chemotherapy
patients, or people with HIV/AIDS. Also, using
the term "safe" if you have had an MCL or AL
exceedance can be misleading to the customer.
EXAMPLE-Last year, as in years past, your
tap water met all EPA and state drinking water
health standards. Local Water vigilantly
safeguards its water supplies and once again
we are proud to report that our system has
never violated a maximum contaminant level
or any other water quality standard, [or, if
you had a violation, begin with: Last year, we
conducted more than __ tests for over 80
contaminants. We only detected of those
contaminants, and found only at a level
higher than EPA allows. As we told you at the
time, our water temporarily exceeded drinking
water standards. For more information, see
the paragraph marked Violation on the back.]
This brochure is a snapshot of last year's
water quality. Included are details about
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where your water comes from, what it
contains, and how it compares to EPA and
state standards. We are committed to
providing you with information because
informed customers are our best allies.
Examples of CCRs are included in
Appendix F of this document. Research
conducted by the American Water Works
Association Research Foundation (AWWARF,
2004) described three important phases in
facilitating customer understanding of the
information in a CCR:
Initial Sort: Customers are less likely to
discard the CCR as "junk mail" if it looks
professional, distinct, and prominently
displays the utility's name. However,
glossy full-color reports are not necessary.
Skimming: For the reader who chooses to
skim the document, important and concise
messages about water quality that are
prominently displayed will attract
attention. However, statements about the
safety of water should not be over-stated,
and specific warnings regarding health
risks for sensitive sub-populations must
be included. The use of color will draw
attention and can be used to guide the
reader through the CCR. Maps, simple
tables, and photographs present
information quickly and effectively.
Reading: If the above challenges are
addressed, a customer will hopefully
choose to read the entire CCR. The
document should not be designed to
persuade the reader, it should inform the
reader. A brief table of contents at the
very beginning will help to guide the
reader. Contaminant tables should be
simple and should not require special
instructions. The use of large fonts in an
uncrowded format is desirable.
Discussions regarding detected
contaminants are helpful and should
promote credibility.
Item 1: Water System Information
You must provide the following
information about your water system:
The name and telephone number of a
person at the water system who can
answer questions about the report.
A list of known opportunities for publi c
participation in decisions that affect
drinking water quality (e.g., time and
place of regularly-scheduled water board
or city/county council meetings). If you
do not have regularly-scheduled meetings,
you should tell customers how to get
information when meetings are
announced.
Systems that have a large proportion of
non-English speaking residents must include
information in the appropriate language(s)
expressing the importance of the report or
contain a phone number or address where
residents may contact your system to obtain a
translated copy of the report or assistance in the
appropriate language. The state or EPA will
make the determination of which systems need
to include this information.
Translations of the following text are
provided in Appendix C:
"This report contains important information
about your drinking water. Have someone
translate it for you, or speak with someone
who understands it."
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Item 2: Source(s) of Water
Describe your water (ground water,
surface water, or a blend), the commonly-used
name(s) (if such a name exists), and the general
locations of your water source(s). EPA
encourages you to provide a simple map of
your system's sources without a detailed
description of their locations for security
reasons.
Explaining your various interconnections
and back-up sources may be difficult, but it is
important mat consumers understand that the
source of their water may vary during the year.
Remember to include in your table of detected
contaminants (Item 4) monitoring data for these
"extra" sources if you use water from them. If
your situation is complex, you may need to
generalize about the types of sources and how
they are used.
If a source water assessment has been
completed, you should have a copy of it. Let
customers know how to obtain the results of the
assessment. In addition, include in the CCR a
brief summary of your source water's
susceptibility to contamination based on the
findings of the assessment. Even if your source
water assessment has not been updated, you
must still include the most recent assessment
information in your annual report. Examples of
how to include the source water assessment
information in your report are available in the
"Revised State Implementation Guidance for
the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule"
in Appendix I, Table 1-2 at
http://www. epa. gov/safewater.
If a source water assessment has not yet
been conducted you should include information
on when the assessment report will be
completed. If you do not have an assessment,
EPA encourages you to include any other
information about potential sources of
contamination that is readily available to you;
for example, information contained in a sanitary
survey. This is your opportunity to educate your
customers about the impacts they and others
have on the quality of source water. EPA also
encourages public water suppliers to use the
CCR as a way to discuss appropriate source
water protection actions that are in the planning
stages or are already in place. This discussion is
an ideal opportunity to invite public participation
in locally-based source water protection efforts
as well.
Item 3: Definitions
Every CCR must include definitions of
key terms that consumers will need to
understand the contaminant data. You must use
the definitions listed below.
* Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL):
The highest level of a contaminant that is
allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set
as close to the MCLGs as feasible using
the best available treatment technology.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
(MCLG): The level of a contaminant in
drinking water below which there is no
known or expected risk to health. MCLGs
allow for a margin of safety.
Include the following definitions only if
your report contains information on disinfectant
residuals, or a detected contaminant that is
regulated by an action level (e.g., lead) or a
treatment technique (e.g., turbidity):
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Treatment Technique: A required
process intended to reduce the level of a
contaminant in drinking water.
Action Level: The concentration of a
contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers
treatment or other requirements which a
%vater system must follow.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
(MRDL): The highest level of a
disinfectant allowed in drinking water.
There is convincing evidence that addition
of a disinfectant is necessary for control
of microbial contaminants.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
Goal (MRDLG): The level of a drinking
water disinfectant below which there is no
known or expected risk to health.
MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the
use of disinfectants to control microbial
contamination.
Include the following definition only if
your water system operated under a variance or
exemption during the calendar year that the
report describes:
Variances and Exemptions: State or EPA
permission not to meet an MCL or a
treatment technique under certain
conditions.
Item 4: Detected Contaminants
An essential part of the report is the table
that shows the highest level of each detected
contaminant (this is usually the value you report
to the state to determine compliance) and the
range of levels of that contaminant you found
during the year, if compliance is based on an
average of several samples. Appendix D
provides examples for interpreting and
reporting detected contaminants in your CCR.
A detected contaminant is any
contaminant delected at or above its minimum
detection limit (MDL) (see Appendix B). If
you are unsure of the MDL for a contaminant,
and your lab reports a value greater than zero,
include that in the report. Your state may have
lower MDLs that take precedence over EPA's.
Do not include in the table contaminants that
are not detected or are detected below the
MDL. If you sometimes distribute water from
emergency or back-up sources, you generally
need to include monitoring results from these
sources in the ranges of detections that you
report in the table, unless the source's
contribution is insignificant (e.g., one day per
year).
The main table of detected contaminants
must contain only data about regulated
contaminants (contaminants subject to a MCL,
treatment technique (TT), or action level (AL)),
and unregulated contaminants for which EPA or
the state requires monitoring under 40 CFR
141,40. See below for special instructions about
Cryptosporidium and radon. You may make
several tables to separate regulated contaminants
from those that do not have MCLs (such as lead
and copper or turbidity), or those that are
currently unregulated. You may want to
organize your table(s) by contaminant type (e.g.,
microbial, inorganic) or sampling site (e.g.,
treatment plant, distribution system). Report any
additional monitoring data in another section of
the CCR, separated from the regulated
contaminant data. If you want to list all the
contaminants which you monitored but did not
detect, you must do so outside of the table of
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Item 4: Detected Contaminants (continued)
detected contaminants. If you choose to report
on secondary MCLs, or if your state requires
this reporting, do so outside of the main table.
To ensure that consumers can easily
compare detected contaminant levels to their
MCLs, your table must display the MCL for
each contaminant in units that express it as a
number greater than 1.0. Report the MCLG and
level of the detected contaminant in the same
units as the MCL. For example, atrazine is
usually reported in mg/L. It is easier for
customers to see that your water contains
atrazine at a level 10 times lower than the MCL
if you report the MCL as 3 ppb and the detected
level as 0.3 ppb than if you were to report the
MCL as 0.003 mg/L and the detected level as
0.0003 mg/L. In this case, you convert by
multiplying the detected level and MCL by
1000. Appendix A shows the conversion factor
for each contaminant When you round results
to determine compliance, round before
multiplying the results by the factor listed in
Appendix A.
The CCR includes data from monitoring
completed during the previous calendar year.
However, if you have monitoring waivers, or
for another reason monitor less than once per
year, use your most recent data. For example,
if you monitor once every three years for
lindane and detect lindane in a sample, report
the same detection level each of the three years
until you take a new sample. If the report
contains detection data that is not from the
calendar year indicated, the table must show the
date of monitoring and the report must contain
a brief statement explaining thai the data
presented is from the most recent monitoring
done in compliance with regulations.
EXAMPLE-The state allows us to monitor for
some contaminants less than once per year
because the concentrations of these
contaminants do not change frequently.
Some of our data, though representative, are
more than one year old.
You do not need to report monitoring
results that are more than five years old.
The table must contain the following, for
each detected contaminant:
1) The MCL, expressed as a number greater
than 1.0 (see Appendix A). If the
contaminant is regulated by a treatment
technique (TT), put the letters "TT" in
place of the MCL. If the contaminant is
regulated by an action level (AL), specify
the applicable action level.
2) The MCLG, expressed in the same units as
the MCL (see Appendix A).
3) The level of that contaminant expressed in
the same units as the MCL and MCLG:
If compliance is determined annually
or less frequently (many inorganic and
chemical contaminants), include the
highest detected level at any sampling
point and the range of detected levels,
if applicable.
If compliance is determined by a
running annual average of all the
samples taken from a sampling point
(for example, chemical contaminants),
include the highest average (as reported
to the state for compliance purposes)
and the range of detections (see
Appendix D).
If compliance is determined by a
running annual average of all samples
at all sampling points (for example,
TTHMs as per the Stage 1 Disinfection
Byproducts Rule), include the highest
average and the range of detected
levels (see Appendix D).
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Item 4: Detected Contaminants (continued)
For turbidity (when reported pursuant
to 40 CFR 141.13-turbidity as aMCL
for systems that must install filtration
but haven't), include the highest
monthly average (see Appendix D).
For turbidity (when reported pursuant
to 40 CFR 141.71-turbidity as aTT
for systems that have met criteria for
avoiding filtration), include the
highest single measurement found in
any month. You should explain the
reasons for measuring turbidity (see
Appendix D).
EXAMPLE-Turbidity is a measure of the
cloudiness of the water. We monitor it because it
is a good indicator of water quality. High
turbidity can hinder the effectiveness of
disinfectants.
For turbidity, when reported by
systems serving fewer than 10,000
people for calendar year 2004
(pursuant to 40 CFR 141.73-turbidity
as a TT for systems that filter), include
the highest single measurement and
the lowest monthly percentage of
samples meeting the turbidity limits
specified in 141.73 for the relevant
filtration technology (see Appendix
D). You should also explain the
reasons for measuring turbidity.
For turbidity, when reported by
systems serving fewer than 10,000
people for calendar year 2005 and
beyond (pursuant to 40 CFR 141.73 or
141.551-turbidity as a TT for systems
mat filter), include the highest single
measurement and the lowest monthly
percentage of samples meeting the
turbidity limits specified in 141.73 or
141.551 for the relevant filtration
technology (see Appendix D). You
should also explain the reasons for
measuring turbidity.
For turbidity, when reported by
systems serving at least 10,000 people
(pursuant to 40 CFR 141.73 or
141.173-turbidity as aTT for systems
that filter), include the highest single
measurement and the lowest monthly
percentage of samples meeting the
turbidity limits specified in 141.73 or
141.173 for the relevant filtration
technology (see Appendix D). You
should also explain the reasons for
measuring turbidity.
EXAMPLE-Turbidity is a measure of the
cloudiness of the water. We monitor it because it is
a good indicator of the effectiveness of our
filtration system.
For lead and/or copper, include the 90th
percentile value from the most recent
sampling (if it is a number greater than
zero) and the number of sites that
exceeded the action level (do not report
related water quality parameter data)
(see Appendix D).
For total coliforms (systems that collect
fewer than 40 samples per month),
include the highest number of positive
samples collected in any one month
(see Appendix D).
For total coliforms (systems that collect
40 or more samples per month),
include the highest percentage of
positive samples collected in any one
month (see Appendix D).
For fecal coliforms and E. coli, include
the number of positive samples
collected that year (see Appendix D).
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Item 4: Detected Contaminants (continued)
If you detect beta particles in your
water at or below 50 pCi/L, you
should report the detected level in
pCi/L. So that consumers may have a
standard against which to compare
that detected level, you should include
"50 pCi/L*" in the MCL column
(rather than the actual MCL of 4
mrem/year) and include a footnote to
the table that says, "*EPA considers
50 pCi/L to be the level of concern for
beta particles." If you detect beta
particles above 50 pCi/L, you must
determine the actual radioactive
constituents present in the water to
calculate the dose exposure level in
mrem/year, and must report both the
detected level and MCL as mrem/year.
4) The likely source of that contaminant, to
the best of your knowledge. If the source
of contamination is known, the report
should identity a specific point source,
such as "Al's chicken houses" or the
"Super-shiny Paper Mill." If you lack
reliable information on the specific source
of a contaminant, include one or more of
the typical sources listed in Appendix B
that is most applicable to your situation.
5) Clear highlighting of any contaminant
detected in violation of a MCL or a TT, or
exceeding an AL. This indication could,
for example, take the form of a different
color type, a larger or bolder font, or a
large star. Near, but not in the table,
include an explanation of the length of the
violation/ exceedance, the potential
adverse health effects (from Appendix A),
and actions you took to address the
violati on/exceedance.
6) The average of all of the year's
monitoring results and the range of
detections for any detected unregulated
contaminants for which state or federal
rules require monitoring (40 CFR 141.40),
except Cryptosporidium. See Appendix A
for a list of these contaminants.
You may wish to explain the reasons for
unregulated contaminant monitoring with a
statement such as:
EXAMPLE-Unregulated contaminant monitoring
helps EPA to determine where certain
contaminants occur and whether the Agency
should consider regulating those contaminants in
the future.
Multiple Distribution Systems
If your system supplies water through two
or more distribution systems that use different
raw water sources and are not physically
interconnected, you should include in the table a
separate column of detection data for each
service area. Describe the area that each
distribution system serves.
Reporting on Radon and
Cryptosporidium
If you monitored for radon and/or
Cryptosporidium and did not detect them, you
do not need to discuss the monitoring or the
results in your report. If either were detected,
the following requirements apply:
Radon
If your system has performed monitoring
that indicates the presence of radon in its
finished water, include in the report:
the results of monitoring (the analytical
values reported by the lab).
an explanation of the significance of the
results. Tell customers if they need to be
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Item 4: Detected Contaminants (continued)
concerned by the information that the
CCR provides.
EXAMPLE-Radon is a radioactive gas that you
can't see, taste, or smell. It is found throughout
the U.S. Radon can move up through the ground
and into a home through cracks and holes in the
foundation. Radon can build up to high levels in
all types of homes. Radon can also get into
indoor air when released from tap water from
showering, washing dishes, and other household
activities. Compared to radon entering the home
through soil, radon entering the home through tap
water will in most cases be a small source of
radon in indoor air. Radon is a known human
carcinogen. Breathing air containing radon can
lead to lung cancer. Drinking water containing
radon may also cause increased risk of stomach
cancer. If you are concerned about radon in your
home, test the air in your home. Testing is
inexpensive and easy. (You should pursue radon
removal for your home if the level of radon in
your air is 4 picocuries per liter of air (pCi/L) or
higher. There are simple ways to fix a radon
problem that aren'/ too costly. For additional
information, call your state radon program or call
EPA 's Radon Hotline (80Q-SOS-RADON).
Cryptosporidium
If your system has performed monitoring
that indicates the presence of Cryptosporidium
either in its source water or its finished water,
include the following information in your
report:
a summary of the results of the
monitoring. You may choose whether or
not to report the actual analytical results
as a part of this summary.
an explanation of the significance of the
results. Tell customers if they need to be
concerned by the information that the
CCR provides
£AC4Aiff)L£-Cryptosporidium is a microbial
pathogen found in surface water throughout the
U.S. Although filtration removes Cryptosporidium,
the most commonly-used filtration methods cannot
guarantee 100 percent removal. Our monitoring
indicates the presence of these organisms in our
source water and/or finished water. Current test
methods do not allow us to determine if the
organisms are dead or if they are capable of
causing disease. Ingestion o/Cryptosporidium
may cause cryptosporidiosis, an abdominal
infection. Symptoms of infection include nausea,
diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Most healthy
individuals can overcome the disease within a few
weeks. However, immuno-compromisedpeople,
infants and small children, and the elderly are at
greater risk of developing life-threatening illness.
We encourage immuno-compromised individuals to
consult their doctor regarding appropriate
precautions to take to avoid infection.
Cryptosporidium must be ingested to cause
disease, and it may be spread through means other
than drinking water.
Reporting on Additional Monitoring
If your system has performed voluntary
monitoring that indicates the presence of
contaminants that are not regulated in the
finished water, EPA strongly encourages you to
report any results that may indicate a health
concern. Public knowledge of potential
problems is in your interest as well as your
customers'. EPA considers any detection above
a proposed MCL or health advisory level to
indicate concern. Call the Safe Drinking Water
Hotline or visit EPA's Web site for this
information. For these contaminants, EPA
recommends that the report contain:
the results of monitoring.
an explanation of the significance of the
results, noting the existence of the health
advisory or proposed MCL.
11
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Item 5: Compliance with Other Drinking Water Regulations
National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations (NPDWR) Violations
If your water system violated one of the
following requirements during the year covered
by the report, your CCR must describe the
violation(s). Just as you must explain the
potential health effects of any MCL violation,
you must provide a clear and readily
understandable explanation of any other
violation, potential adverse health effects (if
any), and the steps the system has taken to
correct the violation.
1) Treatment techniques.
Filtration and disinfection
requirements contained in the Surface
Water Treatment Rule, Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment
Rule or Long-Term 1 Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule (for
calendar year 2004 and later for
systems serving fewer than 10,000
people). If the violation was a failure
to install adequate filtration or
disinfection equipment or processes,
or there was a failure of that
equipment or process, include the
following language:
Inadequately treated water may contain
disease-causing organisms. These
organisms include bacteria, viruses, and
parasites, which can cause symptoms
such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and
associated headaches.
Lead and copper control requirements.
If the violation was a failure to meet
corrosion control treatment, source
water treatment, or lead service line
requirements, include the health
effects language for lead or copper
listed in Appendix A.
Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin. If
you violate either treatment technique,
you must include the relevant health
effects language from Appendix A.
2) Monitoring and reporting of compliance
data If your system failed to take a
sample on time, the report should say
"health effects unknown". If your system
took the samples accurately and on-time,
but mailed the results late, you don't need
to discuss health effects.
3) Record keeping requirements.
4) Special monitoring requirements.
5) Violation of a variance, an exemption, or
an administrative or judicial order.
Variances and Exemptions
If your system operated under a variance or
exemption at any time during the year covered
by the report, include an explanation of the
justification for the variance or exemption, the
date that it was issued, when it is up for
renewal, and a status report on what the system
is doing to remedy the problem. Also, tell your
customers how they may participate in the
review or renewal of the variance or exemption.
12
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Item 6: Educational Information
Your CCR must prominently display the
following statements:
1) Drinking water, including bottled wafer, may
reasonably be expected to contain at least
small amounts of some contaminants. The
presence of contaminants does not necessarily
indicate that water poses a health risk. More
information about contaminants and potential
health effects can be obtained by calling the
EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-
426-4791).
2) Some people may be more vulnerable to
contaminants in drinking water than the
general population. Immuno-compromised
persons such as persons with cancer
undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have
undergone organ transplants, people with
HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders,
some elderly, and infants can be particularly
at risk from infections. These people should
seek advice about drinking water from their
health care providers. EPA/CDC guidelines
on appropriate means to lessen the risk of
infection by Cryptosporidium and other
microbial contaminants are available from
the Safe Drinking Water Hotlinefl-800-426-
4791).
Your report must contain basic
information about drinking water contaminants.
Use the following language, or you may write
your own comparable language that better fits
your specific local situation:
The sources of drinking water (both tap water
and bottled water) include rivers, lakes,
streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells.
As water travels over the surface of the land
or through the ground, it dissolves naturally-
occurring minerals and, in some cases,
radioactive material, and can pick up
substances resulting from the presence of
animals or from human activity.
Contaminants that may be present in source
water include:
Microbial contaminants, such as viruses
and bacteria, which may come from
sewage treatment plants, septic systems,
agricultural livestock operations, and
wildlife.
Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and
metals, which can be naturally-occurring
or result from urban stormwater runoff,
industrial or domestic wastewater
discharges, oil and gas production,
mining, or farming.
Pesticides and herbicides, which may come
from a variety of sources such as
agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and
residential uses.
Organic chemical contaminants, including
synthetic and volatile organic chemicals,
which are byproducts of industrial
processes and petroleum production, and
can also come from gas stations, urban
stormwater runoff, and septic systems.
Radioactive contaminants, which can be
naturally-occurring or be the result of oil
and gas production and mining activities.
In order to ensure that tap water is safe to
drink, EPA prescribes regulations which limit
the amount of certain contaminants in water
provided by public water systems. Food and
Drug Administration regulations establish
limits for contaminants in bottled water which
must provide the same protection for public
health.
Special Requirements for Nitrate,
Arsenic, Lead, and Trihalomethanes
You must include in your report the
relevant special educational statement listed
below about that contaminant if your water
contains:
Nitrate above 5 ppm (50 % of the MCL),
but below 10 ppm (the MCL):
13
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Item 6: Educational Information (continued)
Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10
ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six
months of age. High nitrate '.evels in drinking
water can cause blue baby syndrome. Nitrate
levels may rise quickly for short periods of
time because of rainfall or agricultural
activity. If you are caring for an infant, you
should ask for advice from your health care
provider.
Arsenic above 5 ppb, but at or below 10
ppb:
While your drinking water meets EPA 's
standard for arsenic, it does contain low
levels of arsenic. EPA's standard balances
the current understanding of arsenic's
possible health effects against the costs of
removing arsenic from drinking water. EPA
continues to research the health effects of low
levels of arsenic, which is a mineral known to
cause cancer in humans at high
concentrations and is linked to other health
effects such as skin damage and circulatory
problems.
Arsenic above 10 ppb, but at or below 50
ppb:
Until January 22, 2006, a community
water system that detects arsenic above 10
ppb and up to and including 50 ppb must
include the arsenic health effects language
prescribed by Appendix A even though
the system is not in violation of the
arsenic MCL.
After January 22, 2006, a community
water system that detects arsenic above 10
ppb is out of compliance with the MCL
and must inform the reader of the
violation and include the health effects
language in Appendix A, in its CCR.
Lead above 15 ppb (the action level) in
more than 5%, and up to and including
10%, of sites sampled:
Infants and young children are typically more
vulnerable to lead in drinking water than the
general population. It is possible that lead
levels at your home may be higher than at
other homes in the community as a result of
materials used in your home's plumbing. If
you are concerned about elevated lead levels
in your home's water, you may wish to have
your water tested and flush your tap for 30
seconds to 2 minutes before using tap water.
Additional information is available from the
Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
Trihalomethanes:
If your water contains trihalomethanes
detected above 0.080 mg/L, but below the
MCL of 0.10 mg/L, calculated as an annual
average, you must include the health
effects language for TTHMs as prescribed
by Appendix A.
If you believe that the language above is
not relevant to your situation, you may
adjust the language in consultation with
your state or primacy agency.
Other Educational Information
You are not limited to providing only the
required information in your report. You may
use the report to explain (or include a diagram
of) your treatment processes, source water
protection efforts, or the costs of making your
water safe to drink. You may include a
statement from the mayor or general manager.
You can also educate your customers about
water conservation, taste and odor issues,
affiliations with programs such as the
Partnership for Safe Water, and so forth.
You may want to provide the address for
EPA's drinking water Web site
(www. epa. gov/safewater). The only limitation
on this information is that it must not interfere
with the educational purpose of the report.
14
-------
V. What should the report look like?
You don't need a fancy computer or a
graphic designer to produce a CCR that is easy
to read and inviting to your customers. The
best way to design your report is to spend some
time looking at other reports. See what catches
your eye, and copy it. A few things to consider:
* Write short sentences. Keep your
paragraphs short, too.
Don't make your text size too small. You
might want to squeeze a few extra
sentences in your report, but if you add
too much, people might ignore the entire
report.
Give a draft of your CCR to relatives or
friends who aren't drinking water experts
and ask them if it makes sense. Ask
customers for their comments when you
publish the report.
Don't distract from your main message
with graphics and/or pictures that don't
complement your message.
Be as simple, truthful, and straight
forward as possible. Avoid acronyms,
initials, and jargon.
Consider printing the report on recycled
paper and taking other steps to make the
report "environmentally friendly". If you
hope to get your customers involved in
protecting source water, set a good
example for them.
Use the CCR as an opportunity to tell
your customers about all of the things that
you are doing well.
VI. How must a water system distribute its report?
You must mail or deliver a copy of your
consumer confidence report to each of your
customers, and make a good faith effort to get
reports to non-bill-paying consumers. Deliver
your report by July 1 of each year. You may
include the reports with water bills, if feasible,
or you may send the reports as separate mailers.
Sending the reports as separate mailers will
likely be more effective, and you will reach
renters who may not receive water bills
directly. Keep your report on file for three
years, and make it available to the public upon
request.
Send a copy to the director of the state
drinking water program when you mail it to
customers. Within three months of the report's
due date, submit to the stale a certification (see
Appendix E) that you distributed the report, and
that its information is correct and consistent with
the compliance monitoring data previously
submitted to the State. Send a copy to any other
state agency that the state drinking water
program director identifies. EPA also
encourages you to send copies to state and local
health departments, as well as local TV and
radio stations and newspapers. Systems that
serve 100,000 or more people must post their
reports at publically accessible locations on the
Internet. Your system can use the EPA Web site
to post your CCR by completing an on-line
form.
It is in your system's interest to spread the
word about the quality of its water. Since many
consumers of your water may not receive bills
(people such as apartment renters), you must
make serious and "good faith" efforts to reach
15
-------
non-bill paying consumers. A ".good faith"
effort means selecting the most appropriate
method(s) to reach those consumers from a
menu of options that your primacy agency
recommends. Those options include but are not
limited to:
Posting the report on the Internet.
Mailing the report to all postal patrons.
Advertising the availability of the report
in newspapers, TV, and radio.
Publishing the complete report in a local
newspaper.
Posting the report in public places such as
cafeterias and lobbies of public buildings,
libraries, churches, and schools.
Delivering multiple reports for
distribution by single-biller customers
such as apartment buildings or large
private employers.
Delivering the report to community
organizations.
Your Governor (or Tribal leader or EPA
Regional Administrator, if applicable) can
waive the mailing requirement for water
systems that serve fewer that 10,000 people.
You may choose to mail the report even if the
Governor has issued a waiver. If you decide to
use the waiver, take the following steps:
Publish the report in one or more local
newspapers.
Inform customers, either by notification in
newspapers or by other means approved
by the State, that reports will not be
mailed.
Make the reports available upon request.
For specific subpopulations in your
community, you may wish to distribute
reports to organizations specific to those
groups.
If your system serves 500 or fewer people
and the Governor waives the mailing
requirement for small systems, you do not have
to publish the report in the newspaper, though
you may want to do so. At least once a year,
you must notify customers through a mailed,
delivered, or posted notice that the report is
available from your water system upon request.
Systems that serve 100,000 or more people
must post their reports on the Internet. EPA
encourages other systems to use this option as
well. Many local governments have sites where
you can post your report, even if your system
itself does not have a site. EPA provides a
mechanism that allows systems to link their
CCR to the EPA Web site
(www.epa.gov/safewatert.
VII. References
1. Lazo, J. K., J. L. Pratt, C. N. Herrick, M. L.
Hagenstad, R S. Raucher, R. E. Hurd, and E.
H. Rambo. 2004. Understanding and
Enhancing the Impact of Consumer Confidence
Reports. AWWARF, Denver, CO.
16
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Appendix A-Regulated Contaminants and
Revised UCMR Monitoring List
Appendix A of Subpart O provides information regarding regulated contaminants including
conversions for MCL compliance values, likely sources of contaminants, and health effects
language for contaminants detected above federal standards. This Appendix is presented on the
following pages.
Summary of Changes to Appendix A of Subpart O
The Public Notification (PN) and CCR rules have some parallel requirements, but the rules are
written to provide consistency and coordination. For example, both rules use the same mandatory
language to describe potential health effects of contaminants. Changes to the CCR Rule became
effective June 5, 2000. A summary of the changes made by the PN Rule to the Appendices of
Subpart O are given below:
Appendices A, B, and C to Subpart O, which contain various pieces of information about
the contaminants EPA regulates, were combined into a new, comprehensive Appendix A
to Subpart O. As a result of this change, a number of references in the CCR Rule to the
three appendices are revised to reflect the new combined Appendix A.
As new rules are promulgated, they may change the information in Appendix A. EPA will
maintain an updated version of Appendix A on its Web site at: www.epa gov/safewater/.
This will eliminate the need to republish the entire table in each final rule that changes the
information it contains.
The new Appendix A to Subpart 0 contains regulatory and health effects information on
each of the disinfectants and disinfection byproducts regulated in the Stage 1 D/DBP Rule
that EPA published in December 1998. Surface water systems serving 10,000 or more
people were required to include information regarding these contaminants in their reports
beginning with the report for calendar year 2002. Surface water systems serving fewer
than 10,000 people and groundwater systems that use a disinfectant other than ultraviolet
light must include information regarding these contaminants in their reports beginning
with the report for calendar year 2004. EPA added information on the following regulated
contaminants to the CCR Rule:
total organic carbon chlorite
bromate chlorine dioxide
chloramines haloacetic acids
chlorine
The standard health effects language for fluoride in the current CCR regulations was
revised to be identical to the health effects language required for violation of the fluoride
MCL in the PN Rule.
Also, the Radionuclides Rule updated the new Appendix A to Subpart O by adding MCLs,
health effects, and likely source information for uranium.
17
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"3
g-S
**
B
"S 3S
l§
B * '
e
U
Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink
water containing copper in excess of the action level over a
relatively short amount of time could experience
gastrointestinal distress. Some people who drink water
containing copper in excess of the action level over many
years could suffer liver or kidney damage. People with
Wilson's Disease should consult their personal doctor.
In
of household plumbing
Irosion of natural deposit:
Tom wood preservatives
H W -"
o -j y
ill
o y 8
U t£" -J
"
^
II
'
m
T
o.
a-
1
Q.
U
Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience nerve
damage or problems with their thyroid.
tf i.
from steel/metal factorie
from plastic and fertilize
Qti 00 tft
x a .2
g-S o
a a -J
8
(N
«
8
o
(N
s-
Q,
O.
O
o
'c
d
(J
Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess
of the MCL over many years could get bone disease,
including pain and tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in
drinking water at half the MCL or more may cause mottling
of children's teeth, usually in children less than nine years
old. Mottling also known as dental tluorosis, may include
brown staining and/or pitting of the teeth., and occurs only
in developing teeth before they erupt from the gums.
' natural deposits; Water
hich promotes strong
: harge from fertilizer and
factories
»- i
i :! js 1
n T3 *^ ^
lls-i
*
'
^
1
a.
o
|
^
Infants and children who drink water containing lead in
excess of the action level could experience delays in their
physical or mental development. Children could show
slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities.
Adults who drink this water over many years could develop
kidney problems or high blood pressure.
en
of household plumbing
Erosion of natural deposit
o w
1 I
0 1
o
H
^
o
o
VI
0
II '
s
E
1
Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury
well in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience kidney damage.
'natural deposits;
from refineries and
Runoff from landfills;
im cropland
o u 7f ,2
fill
Is Jrt
(N
fN
8
o
i
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o
"
,£ B-
S -&
Infants below the age of six months who drink water
containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become
seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include
shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
60
mi fertilizer use; Leachin
c tanks, sewage; Erosion
deposits
& S.T3
t. t QJ J~
i ii
o
o
1
o
Q.
a.
I
2
Infants below the age of six months who drink water
containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become
seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include
shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
00
im fertilizer use; Leachin
c tanks, sewage; Erosion
deposits
<£ tL"g
1 E!
(S*'o
-
1
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s
'S
z
-------
Health Effects Language
SP
1
r Sources in Dri
Water
Q
"e?
S
u
u
s
,g
n fi4 M
y u §
2
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"5 u 1-
12 I ui*
" £ S
i3f
£ S
c
If
-*-* 9
C ^^
a
-J w-
a) C_3 u
Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some peopli
who drink water containing selenium in excess of the Ml
over many years could experience hair or fingernail loss
numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with their
circulation.
i
1-3.1
: from petroleum i
; Erosionof natur
Discharge from m
f
from ore-processi:
i from electronics,
factories
M pe oo
3?
111
d
cs
o
I
§
s
1
1
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il
5
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g
1
g
1
en
C
1
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1
i
i
0
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s
\
1
Some people who drink water containing the weed killei
2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal
glands.
1
a
0
om herbicide used
f banned herbicidi
1
^3
5!
&
8
o
o
2
o
i
0. S
r- *
i O
vS >
£1
vt
Some people who drink water containing high levels of
acrylamide over a long period of time could have proble
with their nervous system or blood, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
i
water during sew:
er treatment
3 B
-o *
1 1
0
fc.
1
t
i
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o
a rf
Some people who drink water containing alachlor in exc
of the MCL over many years could have problems with
their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemi
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
1
c
0
om herbicide used
<£
la
1 1
o
fS
g
2
-------
Health Effects Language
M
_E
_£
.E u
if w
Ji
o
I
O
J
S
B
2 * .-£
o3 ^ ft
r* G ^ *S .fi
S ,0 a
"3
B B
.2 j J
=3 y B
a 5
H
c
B -5.
11
e
U
U
£
Some people who drink water containing chlordane in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their liver or nervous system, and may
an increased risk of getting cancer.
i
1
u
Residue of ba
o
fM
O
__
s
o
J?
a
u
1
o
S
g
e .|
- g
Some people who drink water containing dalapon wel
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
kidney changes.
i
on
c
o
1
15
o
p"
Runoff from 1
of way
8
tN
O
8
o
*.
lapon (ppb)
a
"Ss
£*£ 3
Some people who drink water containing di (2-ethylhi
adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years cc
experience toxic effects such as weight loss, liver
enlargement or possible or reproductive difficulties.
VI
.2
1
g
'i
1
g
Discharge fro
8
|
g
2
^
?-ethylhexyI
pate (ppb)
STi
% «
Some people who drink water containing di (2-ethyih<
phthalate in excess of the MCL over many years may
problems with their liver, or experience reproductive
difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer.
1
'i
J
«
1
£
E
Ii
c
*
g
s
i
It
?!
<4 S
al
s ^
a-S s
H si c
Some people who drink water containing DBCP in exi
of the MCL over many years could experience reprodi
problems and may have an increased risk of getting ca
§
|
^3 *
A C 5
8 1
s^
Some people who drink water containing endothall in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their stomach or intestines.
I
|
i
Runoff from 1
g
o
o
8
o
-
dothall (ppb)
&
Some people who drink water containing endrin in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
liver problems.
,'H
u
1
1
Residue of ba
(S
(N
o
2
i
drin (ppb)
&
-------
Health Effects Language
'S
13
Q
e u
s ^
Q
1*
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s
cj
u
S
_B
2 u "*
s 3
0ISX
Hl|l"
e a
i u »
Is s
c
S
2 3
Some people who drink water containing high levels of
epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience
stomach problems, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
'e «
J5 K
.=|
Sf-3
.s S. s
E.g|
'ii'w- s
3 ** **
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(5JS
o
£
£
c
5
Epichlorohj
Some people who drink water containing ethylene
dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their liver, stomach, reproductive
system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
VI
11
Some people who drink water cuiiuUiiing glyplio.-xue in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties.
i
1
J
I
fa
1
1
1
8
r-
g
'
^
£*
&
Glyphosate
Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver
damage and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
0
o
;s
1
1
o
"
3
1
o
|
§
§
§
.,
It
Heptachlor
Some people who drink water containing heptachlor
epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk of
getting cancer.
^g
1
^
a
c
T3
1
ffl
0
8
ts
1
1
1
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$!
8.
O
i
h
as a
Some people who drink water containing
hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, or
adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased
risk of getting cancer.
GA
0 y,
i-8
c o
11
*= "§
e J
P y
*u 13
aj
1-8
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o
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8
o
8
0
§
J!
£
_o
ll
a xS
Some people who drink water containing
hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over
many years could experience problems with their kidneys or
stomach.
V.
0
c
Q
i
"S
E
o
&
a
g
iO
a
o
o
8
o
P
I
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"o
>s
Hexachloro
adiene (ppb
Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess
of the MCL over many years could experience problems
with their kidneys or liver.
1 "
J3 §
II
i-jj
c? """
j3 U
11
^ C
g -g
(5 1
S
g
o
8
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Lindane (pf
Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
reproductive difficulties.
-§4
'3 "5
11
Ml >
g a
jl.
?^j C f
§ « 1
5 i£
o
o
g
-"
s
2^
CL
₯
Methoxychl
-------
Health Effects Language
M
a
1
"C
Q
e
^ -2
3 *
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L.
I
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J
o
_B
"^ pfi *
$j8l
1C t£ &
= Ins*
H 1 ^ a*
B S
O J
1 U "3*
2S s
H
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It
**» 3
0
55
Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in exces
of the MCL over many years could experience slight
nervous system effects.
:§
o c
u 13
" s
.S 8
e 1
.£ |
t? «?
s JJ
u 0.
Runoff/lea
used on ap
tomatoes
-
o
o
g
01
^~
^
Is
oa
<** *"
o '5 to-
Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess
the MCL over many years could experience changes in th
skin, problems with their thymus gland, immune
deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system diflficultie
and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
'"o
u
£P
1
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e/T
S
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s-i
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i!
o
o
o
o
8
1
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8
11
o j«
j= >>
£ Sis
~2
Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophel
in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
DO
1
S
i
§
8
z
E
<§
V
00 V>
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S o
.2 o
Q -43
o
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8
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"o.
2
O
Is
£ A
K
Some people who drink water containing picloram in exc<
of the MCL over many years could experience problems
with their liver.
g
e
Herbicide i
8
1^1
§
'
i/l
1
u
E
S
Some people who drink water containing simazine in exci
of the MCI, over many years could experience problems
with their blood.
"c
i
Herbicide i
t
g
1
S
I
'i
'<&
Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in
excess of the MCL over many years could have problems
with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
1
U
.s-|
e 3
c e
gs
a o
0 u
11
^ 3
o
m
o
o
o
i
^^
u
Q.
S
(2
1
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i
1
u
I
ft)
1
J
Some people who drink water containing benzene in exce
of the MCL over many years could experience anemia or
decrease in blood platelets, and may have an increased ris
of getting cancer.
gdi
|1
J T3
8 S
E 00
<§!
tt?
eg
1|
Q«i
o
8
o
i
i
u
c
na
Some people who drink water containing carbon
tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their liver and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
1
1
o.
1|
E-?
JT!
& EQ
E-s
S3
t3
^
II
o
g
i
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§
jzi
e
M Cl.
O -5
c
Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene i
excess of the MCL over many years could experience
problems with their liver or kidneys.
VI
a-s
_« |
'E ^
JSJ
U P
6 ^
£ °
"S 1
n
a-c
a s1
8
o
o
8
o
~
s
o.
I
1
1
|
6
-------
Health Effects Language
3
'3
1
Q
"Z, *>
2l
3 *
6?
k.
I
O
u
u
B
3 M 42
a8'
^Igl,
^8^1"
13
B e
2 j J
pt
"S
"5 S
5 B
e S
a
i £
s i
Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobei
well in excess of the MCL over many years could
experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or circul
systems.
a
1
1
73
3
a
c
S
a
u
fvi
o
si
1
1
g
u
c
_g
is
Oa
s
vi in-
Some people who drink water containing p-
dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many year
could experience anemia, damage to their liver, kidney
spleen, or changes in their blood.
o
'I
1
"03
"II
|
'i
o
1 1
Q t£2
R
1C
g
VI
S
u
g
J8
0
CJ
5t
i.a
O
1
Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroe
in excess of the MCL over many years may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
a
o
E
1
"Ed
-s
1
a
o
Discharg
factories
0
«
§
lr>
8
0
I
2
_0
2
u
9-
"a
Some people who drink water containing 1,1-
dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many yeai
could experience problems with their liver.
u
'g
u
-c
a
1
g
u
Discharg
factories
t-
-
g
1^
8
e
v
g
o
3
!»
Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-
dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many yeai
could experience problems with their liver.
1
|
"3
j
a
u
Discharg
factories
S
s
g
S
i
f"~
'H ,-,
1 H "I
3 Q a
Some people who drink water containing trans- 1,2-
dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their liver.
3
a
g
1
a
1
I
g
o
00 CA
ll
8
i
g
i
1
*3
rs o
T |_
in
I i
Some people who drink water containing dichlorometh
in excess of the MCL over many years could have livei
problems and may have an increased risk of getting cai
1
O
9
u
u
s
§. s
E Q
J u
n ^^
Discharg
chemical
o
g
>n
8
i
3
§
0
>
J3
a a
E
en
Some people who drink water containing 1,2-
dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many year
have an increased risk of getting cancer.
TJ
U
I
"^3
'S
i
J2
u
Discharg
factories
o
«
i
VI
8
i
1
c.
^
^
u
"53
$ 0
Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene
in excess of the MCL over many years could experienc
problems with their liver or kidneys.
1
c
"s
£
i
g
<§
0
1
3
1
o
o
8
^^
1
S
S
e
M
ll
Some people who drink water containing haloacetic ac
excess of the MCL over many years may have an incre
risk of getting cancer.
1
J
00
c
c
t^,
0
*^ c
g 5
li
-i
s
8
O
O
tfi
% &
tj CK
4) s-*'
Sj «^*
3 ^
= g
Some people who drink water containing styrene well :
excess of the MCL over many years could have problei
with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system.
V M
a S
5.1
0 .*
II
5.1
E "5
<§ J
U
Op tfl
ii
8
8
§
£
_s
₯
I
t»
-------
Health Effects Language
£
Cl
'C
a.
ha
** **
u >5
g f
£
U.
_e
I
O
U
5
_C
"C Otf ^*
« 2 u £ >»
Hi^1"
"a
a ja
=3 U "&
2S E
H
A
fi .N
il
o
U
j)
Some people who drink water containing
tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many yeai
could have problems with their liver, and may have an
increased risk of getting cancer.
t
-g
i
^
-c
(3
S
^§
u
1" s
"§ 1
B-S
0
VI
g
VJ
8
J2
1
_o
js
I?
i2t
Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience changes in their adrenal glands.
%
"fj
"c
1
<3
e
j3
S
(2
*- K
Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride ii
excess of the MCL over many years may have an increasi
risk of getting cancer.
CA
-S
Ot) U
c -s
'& "
o"|
2* "S.
P ^
S <§
^^ 4>
DO ofi
11
J3B
o
(N
g
~-
i
2-
-1
1
^
\J
1
S5
Some people who drink water containing xylenes in exce;
of the MCL over many years could experience damage to
their nervous system.
la
e .g
« B
*fi
si
o |
£ >c
n, o
g g
<§<§
o v
ff g1
tt VJ
33
o
o
o
|
(A
J
£
r
(S
-------
0
6585
g
u.
CO
NO
Created tab
oo
(S
!
I
o
t-
£
E
-------
Revised UCMR Monitoring List
The CCR Rule requires a system to provide in their CCR the average of any monitoring results
from the year and the range of detections for each detected unregulated contaminant for which
monitoring is required. Systems are required to report detects of unregulated contaminants only in
the year during which monitoring was conducted. Systems are encouraged to include a brief
explanation of the reasons for monitoring for unregulated contaminants.
EXAMPLE-Unregulated contaminants are those for which EPA has not
established drinking water standards. The purpose of unregulated
contaminant monitoring is to assist EPA in determining the occurrence of
unregulated contaminants in drinking water andwhether future regulation is
warranted
In September 1999, EPA revised the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) (64
FR 50556) as required by the 1996 Amendments to SDWA. The data generated by the new UCMR
will be used to evaluate and prioritize contaminants on the Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate
List, a list of contaminants that EPA is considering for possible new drinking water standards. This
data will help to ensure that future decisions on drinking water standards are based on sound
science and the best available information.
The revised UCMR contains a new list of contaminants for which public water systems must
monitor. The UCMR Monitoring List is composed of three separate lists based on analytical
methods readiness and current contaminant occurrence data. List 1 for Assessment Monitoring
includes twelve chemical contaminants. List 2 for Screening Survey contains contaminants for
which EPA has less occurrence data than the contaminants on List 1. List 3 for Pre-Screen Testing
includes seven microorganisms known to have health effects and two radionuclides. While the
UCMR Monitoring List has 37 contaminants on it, the regulation only requires monitoring for the
twelve contaminants on List 1, beginning in 2001. The revised UCMR Monitoring List, along with
information about likely sources of those contaminants is presented on the next page. The EPA
Web site (http://www.epa.gov/safewater/) contains additional information on the revised rule.
29
-------
Uses and Environmental Sources of Contaminants for the
Final (2002) UCMR Monitoring List **
Contaminant
Name
CASRN
Use or Environmental Source
List 1 - Assessment Monitoring of Contaminants with Available Methods
2,4-dinitrotoluene
2,6-dinitrotoluene
DCPA mono-acid
degradate
DCPA di-acid
degradate
4,4'-DDE
EPIC
Molinate
MTBE
Nitrobenzene
Terbacil
Acetochlor
Perchlorate
121-14-2
606-20-2
887-54-7
2136-79-0
72-55-9
759-94-4
2212-67-1
1634-04-4
98-95-3
5902-51-2
34256-82-1
14797-73-0
Used in the production of isocyanate and explosives
Used as a mixture with 2,4-DNT (similar uses)
Degradation product of DCPA, an herbicide used on grasses
and weeds with fruit and vegetable crops
Degradation product of DCPA, an herbicide used on grasses
and weeds with fruit and vegetable crops
Degradation product of DDT, a general insecticide
Herbicide used on annual grasses, weeds, in potatoes and
corn
Selective herbicide used with rice, controls watergrass
Octane enhancer in unleaded gasoline
Used in the production of aniline, which is used to make dyes,
herbicides, and drugs
Herbicide used with sugarcane, alfalfa, and some fruit, etc.
Herbicide used with cabbage, citrus, coffee, and corn crops
Oxygen additive in solid fuel propellent for rockets, missiles,
and fireworks
List 2 -Screening Survey of Chemical Contaminants
Diuron
Linuron
Prometon
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
2,4-dichlorophenol
2,4-dinitrophenol
2-methyl-phenol
Alachlor ESA
1 ,2-diphenylhydrazine
Diazinon
Disulfoton
Fonofos
Terbufos
330-54-1
330-55-2
1610-18-0
88-06-02
120-83-2
51-28-5
95-48-7
~~
122-66-7
333-41-5
298-04-4
944-22-9
13071-79-9
Herbicide used on grasses in orchards and wheat crops
Herbicide used with corn, soybean, cotton, and wheat crops
Herbicide used on annual and perennial weeds and grasses.
By-product of fossil fuel burning, used as bactericide and wood
glue preservative
Chemical intermediate in herbicide production
Released from mines, metal, and petroleum plants
Released in automobile and diesel exhaust, coal tar and
petroleum refining, and wood pulping
Degradation product of alachlor, an herbicide used with corn,
bean, peanut, and soybean crops to control grasses and
weeds.
Used in the production of benzidine and anti-inflammatory
drugs
Insecticide used with rice, fruit, vineyards, and corn crops
Insecticide used with cereal, cotton, tobacco, and potato crops
Soil insecticide used on worms and centipedes
Insecticide used with corn, sugar, beet, and grain sorghum
crops.
30
-------
Uses and Environmental Sources of Contaminants for the
Final (2002) UCMR Monitoring List **
Contaminant
Name
Aeromonas Hydrophilia
Nitrobenzene (low
level)
RDX
CASRN
N/A
98-95-3
121-82-4
Use or Environmental Source
Present in all freshwater and brackish water
An industrial chemical used in the production of aniline,
lubricating oils, dyes, drugs, pesticides and synthetic rubber.
Used in explosives, ammunition plants
List 3 - Pre-Screen Testing of Contaminants Needing Research on Methods
Cyanobacteria Algae
and Toxins
Echoviruses
Coxsackieviruses
Heliobacter pylori
Micros poridia
Caliciviruses
Adenoviruses
Lead-210(Pb-210)
Polonium-210
(Po-210)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
14255-04-0
13981-52-7
Bloom in surface water bodies; produce toxins
Fecal sources; hand to mouth transmission
Fecal sources; hand to mouth transmission
Fecal sources; hand to mouth transmission
Occur in rivers, ponds, lakes, and unfiltered water
Contaminated food and water, raw shellfish
Fecal sources; hand to mouth transmission
Part of the uranium decay series, naturally occurring
Part of the uranium decay series, naturally occurring
** Contaminant list taken from the July 1, 2004 version of §141.40
31
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1
Appendix C-Translations for English Instructions
Translations for the English Text:
"This report contains important information about your drinking water.
Have someone translate it for you, or speak with someone who understands it."
Amheric:
Arabic:
i^S jj* <-jiy ,-usa-^ gfi
Cambodian (Khmer):
Chinese (simplified):
,
Chinese (traditional):
Farsi:
French:
Ce rapport contient des informations
importantes a propos de votre eau potable.
Demander a quelqu'un de traduire ces
informations pour vous ou discuter avec une
personne qui comprend ces informations.
Greek:
Atmj rv ava<|N3pd
>iE to
) ;vepo »!? vswa awn yt>» !?>» m nn
SfFrfT
Wcf
37
-------
Hmong:
Dlaim ntawv tshaabxu nuav muaj lug
tseemceeb heev nyob rua huv kws has txug cov
dlej mej haus. Kuasibtugpaabtxhaisruakoj,
los nnig ib tug kws paub lug thaam.
Japanese:
Korean:
Laotian:
JL2.4I-
iufj, si c5*iUh5u
Oromo:
Gabaasil kun odeeffanno barbachisa wa'ee
bisaan dhugaatii qaba. Akkaa isinii
CurjuiTiaa'uii gaafadhaa yokaan riama afaan
keessan diibbatuu dubbisaa.
Polish:
y raport zawera
na temat wody pitnej.
poprosid kogos o przetlumaczenie lub
porozmawiac z kirns kio roztuBie.
Punjabi:
feff 3tlT5OpMaU|l!lH O BOfte, KOTOpyiO BhI
eac
3TO cooSiijeHine MJIH noroBOpHTe c
noHMMaer
Samoan:
Serbo-Croatian:
O le lipoti lenei o lo'o Sai ni mca e stli ona
taua e uiga i le vai o lo'o e taumafaina nei,
Su'e se tagata e ia'aliliuina mo oe, poro lou
talaialaooa i seisi e iai sona maUuiiatiimaga t
lenei
Qvaj izvjeStaj sadr/i vaznu infonnaciju u
vasoj vodi za pice. Neka vam neko prevede,
ili popricajl;e;sa nekim ko se u ovo raziimije.
38
-------
Somali:
Warbixintan waxay wadataa niaclmimaad
muhiim ah ee ia xiriira biyaha aad cabtid.
Cid lia kuu tarjunto ania la hadl dd
fahmavsa.
Spanish:
Este informs conticne mformacion
irnportante.acerca de su agua potable. Haga
que alguien lo traduzca pant listed, o hable
con alguien que lo entienda.
Tagalog:
Naglalaman ang report na ito :iig
importanteng impormasyon tungkol sa
lyong iniinom na tubig, Magkaroon ng
isang tao na isasalin ito sa iyong wika para
sa iyo, o makipag-usap sa isang tao na
nakakaintindi dito.
Thai:
Tigrigna:
m,
-nnoa
Ukranian:
*fc
JH<|K>pMauiii6 npo Boay; «Ky »B n'ere,
HoiipociTL Koro-He6y#b riepcjoiacTH
posyMie ftoro SMICT.
Vietoamese:
Tai U?w nay co tin ttfc quao trong v6 nifdc
cua quy vi. Hay nhd ngii'di dich cho
vi, ho|c h6i ngtfdi n^o hieu tai li^u
nay.
* Translations are provided courtesy of the State of Washington Department of Health. None of these translations have
been independently verified.
39
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40
-------
Appendix D-lnterpreting Monitoring Data
Appendix D provides examples of monitoring data and instructions on how to report certain detects in the
CCR.
$ 1 sampling site/1 sampling date (where system is allowed to monitor less than
annually):
March 2002 Analysis Result = 0.003
Report in Table: highest detected level=.003. Report no range.
$ Multiple sampling sites/1 sampling date:
Barium Monitoring
welll
well 2
Feb 2003 Results
0.60
0.46
well 3
n/d
Report in Table: highest level= 0,60 AND range: n/d-0.60.
1 sampling site/multiple sampling dates:
Atrazine
Monitoring
welll
1st quarter
2004
0.8
2nd quarter
2004
3.8
3rd quarter
2004
2.1
4th quarter
2004
0.9
Report in Table: average=1.9 AND range: 0.8-3.8
41
-------
Multiple sampling sites/multiple sampling dates:
total trihalomethane
monitoring
site#l
site #2
site #3
site #4
quarterly average
running annual
average
ond
quarter
2003
-
-
-
-
55
-
ord
quarter
2003
-
-
-
-
125
-
4th
quarter
2003
-
-
-
_
65
-
1st
quarter
2004
45
'9.
45
50
45
73
*|nd
quarter
2004
60
55
60
65
60
m
ard
quarter
2004
125
115
105
MM
120
73
4*
quarter
2004
70
60
70
80
70
74
Report in Table: highest annual average: 74 AND range 40-135.
Notes: - The last 3 quarters of 2003 are shown because you need them to compute the running
annual average. The range would include only detection data from 2004, unless one of
the values from the previous year was so extraordinary that consumers would need it to
understand the reported annual average.
- If your running annual average exceeds 80, your report must include notification of a
MCL violation and the health effects language for TTHMs.
$ Lead:
"^-^
July 2004
site 1
n/d
site 2
n/d
site 3
8
site 4
12
site5
19
site 6
3
site 7
n/d
siteS
n/d
site 9
4
site 10
22
To calculate the 90th percentile: The results of all samples taken during a monitoring period shall be
placed in ascending order from the sample with the lowest concentration to the sample with the highest
concentration. Each sample result shall be assigned a number starting with the number 1 for the lowest
value. The number of samples taken during the monitoring period shall be multiplied by 0.9. The
contaminant concentration in the numbered sample yielded by this calculation is the 90th percentile value.
^^-\_
July2004
1
n/d
2
n/d
3
n/d
4
n/d
5
3
6
4
7
8
8
12
9
19
10
22
10 samples x 0.9 = 9 therefore, the 9fc value is the 90th percentile value.
Report in Table: 90th percentile=19 ppb AND # of sites above action level (15 ppb)=2
Notes: - If more than 5 % (and up to and including 10%) of the samples are above the action
level, you must include the educational language provided in Section IV, Item 6.
- Water quality parameter monitoring data that you collect in association with this rule
should not be included in the report.
42
-------
Turbidity:
When reporting turbidity, systems must report the highest single measurement and the lowest
monthly percentage of samples meeting the requirements specified for that technology. In this situation,
direct and conventional filtration systems may want to report the data in 2 rows of your table as follows:
Turbidity (for
systems serving
<10,000 people for
calendar year
2004)
MCL
TT=5 NTU
TT=
percentage of
samples<0,5
NTU
MCLG
0
level
found
1NTU
96%
range
n/a
n/a
sample
date
violation
No
No
typical
source
soil runoff
Turbidity (for
systems serving >
10,000 for
calendar year 2004
and all surface
water systems
beginning with
calender year 2005
MCL
TIM NTU
TT=
percentage of
samples<0.3
NTU
MCLG
0
level
found
0.7
NTU
97%
range
n/a
n/a
sample
date
violation
No
No
typical
source
soil runoff
Note: Alternative filtration systems would want to report the above information using turbidity
limits established by the state.
43
-------
# Total Coliform Rule (TCR) Detects with No MCL Violation
Detects of coliform, fecal coliform or E. colt bacteria during routine monitoring must be reported,
even if no MCL violation occurred.
For a system that collects at least 40 samples per month (i.e, a system that serves > 33,000 people),
if no more than 5.0 percent of the samples collected during a month are positive, the system is in
compliance with the MCL for total coliforms.
For a system that collects fewer than 40 samples/month (i.e., a system serving < 33,000 people), if
no more than one sample collected dicing a month is positive, the system is in compliance with the MCL
for total coliforms.
In these situations, you may wish to report detects as shown below. Check with your state to make
sure this meets state-specific requirements.
Systems collecting fewer than 40 total coliform samples per month:
Total Coliform
Fecal coliform or
E. coli bacteria
MCL
two or
more
positive
samples/
month
MCLG
0
0
level found
1 positive
sample
0
range
sample
date
xx/xx/xx
violation
No
No
typical source
Naturally
present in the
environment
Human or
animal fecal
waste
Systems collecting 40 or more total coliform samples per month (assume for this example that the
system serves between 33,001 and 41,000 people and collects 40 samples per month):
Total Coliform
Fecal coliform or
E. coli bacteria
MCL
two or
more
positive
samples/
month
MCLG
0
0
level found
2 samples
(5% of all
samples
taken) were
positive
0
range
sample
date
xx/xx/xx
violation
No
No
typical source
Naturally
present in the
environment
Human or
animal fecal
waste
44
-------
& TOC Reporting (Surface Water Treatment Plants with conventional
treatment or precipitative softening)
If any of the following apply:
alternate compliance criteria for enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening cannot be met;
quarterly TOC monitoring does not demonstrate the percentage removal of TOC required in the
table below; or
a system does not obtain State approval for alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2)
requirements,
you must report a treatment technique violation for enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening (as
applicable).
TOC Percent Removal Requirements for Enhanced Coagulation and Enhanced Softening
Source Water
TOC, mg/L
>2.0 - 4.0
>4.0 - 8.0
>8.0
Source Water Alkalinity, mg/L as CaCO3
0-50
35.0%
45.0%
50.0%
>50-120
25.0%
35.0%
40.0%
>120*
15.0%
25.0%
30.0%
1 Systems practicing softening must meet the TOC removal requirements in this column
The below example is for a conventional surface water treatment system with source water TOC
between 2-4 mg/L and with a source water alkalinity between 0-50 mg/L:
TOC
MCL
TT
MCLG
n/a
level
found
25%
Removal
(35% is
required)
range
15-30%
removal
sample
date
Samples
taken
quarterly
violation
Yes
typical
source
Naturally
present in
the
environment
health effects
Total organic
carbon (TOC) has
no health effects.
However, total
organic carbon
>rovides a medium
'or the formation of
disinfection by-
products ....
Kinclude remainder
[of TOC violation
(language)
45
-------
The below example is for a conventional surface water treatment system with source water TOC
between 4-8 mg/L and with a source water alkalinity between 50-120 mg/L:
TOC
MCL
TT
MCLG
n/a
level found
40% Removal
(35% is
required)
range
30-45%
removal
sample
date
Samples
taken
quarterly
violation
No
typical source
Naturally present in the
environment
$ Substitution of Gross Alpha Particle Results for Radium Testing
A gross alpha particle activity measurement may be substituted for the required radium
measurement provided that the measured gross alpha particle activity does not exceed 5 pCi/L.
In this situation, you may wish to report detects of gross alpha particle activity as shown below.
Verify wilh the state that this approach meets their requirements.
Alpha
emitters
pCi/L
MCL
15
MCLG
0
level found
3*
range
sample
date
xx/xx/xx
violation
No
typical
source
Erosion of
natural
deposits
* If the results of this sample had been above 5 pCi/L, our system would have been required to do additional testing for
radium. Because the results were below 5 pCi/L, no testing for radium was required.
46
-------
Substitution of Gross Alpha Particle Results for Uranium Testing
A gross alpha particle activity measurement may be substituted for the required uranium
measurement provided that the measured gross alpha particle activity does not exceed 15 pCi/L.
In this situation, you may wish to report detects of gross alpha particle activity as shown below.
Verify with the state that this approach meets their requirements.
Alpha
emitters
pCi/L
MCL
15
MCLG
0
level
found
12*
range
sample
date
xx/xx/xx
violation
No
typical
source
Erosion
of natural
deposits
* If the results of this sample had been above 15 pCi/L, our system would have been required to do additional
testing for uranium. Because the results were below 15pCi/L, no testing for uranium was required.
$ Beta Particles Reporting
The MCL for beta particles is 4 mrem/year. EPA recognizes that laboratories often report these
results in pCi/L, and that there is no simple conversion between the two units. Therefore, it is acceptable
for systems to report the detected level for beta particles in pCi/L. So that consumers may have a
standard against which to compare the detected level, systems should place 50 in the MCL column and
include a footnote explaining that EPA considers 50 pCi/L to be a level of concern for beta particles.
Beta
particles
(pCi/L)
MCL
50*
MCLG
0
level
found
10
range
nd-10
sample
date
xx/xx/xx
violation
No
typical source
Erosion of
natural
deposits
*Note: The MCL for beta particles is 4 mrem/year. EPA considers 50 pCi/L to be the level of concern for beta
particles.
47
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48
-------
Appendix E-Certification Form (suggested format)
CWS name:_
PWS I.D. no:
The community water system named above hereby confirms that its consumer confidence report has been
distributed to customers (and appropriate notices of availability have been given). Further, the system certifies that
the information contained in the report is correct and consistent with the compliance monitoring data previously
submitted to the primacy agency.
Certified by:
Name
Title
Phone # Date
ou are not required by EPA rules to report the following information,
but you may want to provide it to your state. Check all items that apply. ###
_CCR was distributed by mail or other direct delivery. Specify other direct delivery methods:
"Good faith" efforts were used to reach non-bill paying consumers. Those efforts included the
following methods as recommended by the primacy agency:
posting the CCR on the Internet at www.
__mailing the CCR to postal patrons within the service area, (attach zip codes used)
advertising availability of the CCR in news media (attach copy of announcement)
publication of CCR in local newspaper (attach copy)
_posting the CCR in public places (attach a list of locations)
delivery of multiple copies to single bill addresses serving several persons such as: apartments,
businesses, and large private employers
_delivery to community organizations (attach a list)
(for systems serving at least 100,000 persons) Posted CCR on a publicly-accessible Internet site at
the address: www.
Delivered CCR to other agencies as required by the primacy agency (attach a list)
49
-------
50
-------
Appendix F-Examples of Consumer Confidence Reports
EPA is providing the following consumer confidence reports as examples of report format. In
providing these reports, EPA is not endorsing the views nor judging the accuracy of the information
contained in the reports. These examples do not necessarily meet all current federal and state CCR
requirements. Be sure to check with your state drinking water program since your state may have
different requirements from those under which these reports were created. For assistance creating a
CCR, systems may access the EPA CCRAVriter tool at http://vvww.ccriwriter.com.
The first report, Sampletown Annual Water Quality Report, is fictitious and was created as a
general example.
The second report, Water Quality Report - 2003, is provided courtesy of Washington Suburban |
Sanitary Commission.
The third report, Annual Water Quality Report, is provided courtesy of East Bay Municipal Utility
District.
51
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52
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SAMPLETOWN ANNUAL WATER QUALITY REPORT
May 2005
Spanish (Espanol)
Este informs contiene informacion muy importante sobre la calidad de su agua beber. Traduscalo o hable con alguien que lo entienda
bien.
French (Francais)
Ce rapport contient des infonnations importantes sur votre eau potable. Traduisez-le ou parlez en avec quequ'un qui le comprend
bien.
Is my water safe?
Last year, we conducted tests for over 80 contaminants. We only detected 10 of those contaminants, and found only 1 at a level
higher than the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) allows. As we told you at the time, our water temporarily exceeded drinking
water standards. (For more information see the section labeled Violations at the end of the report.) This report is a snapshot of last
year's water quality. Included are details about where your water comes from, what it contains, and how it compares to standards set
by regulatory agencies. We are committed to providing you with information because informed customers are our best allies.
Do I need to take special precautions?
Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons
such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or
other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice
about drinking water from their health care providers. EPA/Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on appropriate means to
lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from the Safe Water Drinking Hotline
(800-426-4791).
Where does my water come from?
Your water comes from three municipal wells sunk about 500 feet into an underground source of water called the Low Plain Aquifer.
These wells are located west of town. The town owns the land around these wells and restricts any activity that may contaminate
them. After the water comes out of the wells, we treat it to remove several contaminants and we also add disinfectant to protect you
against microbial contaminants.
Source water assessment and its availability
The state performed an assessment of our source water in January of 2003. A source water assessment identifies potential sources of
contamination to the water we use for your drinking water. The assessment concluded that our water source is most susceptible to
contamination from abandoned irrigation wells and farm runoff. Two abandoned wells have been located and have since been
properly plugged. Farm runoff continues to be a concern although many local fanners are participating in a 3 county source water
protection program. Please call us at 111 -2233 if you would like more information about the assessment.
Why are there contaminants in my drinking water?
Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The
presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and
potential health effects can be obtained by calling the EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791). The sources of drinking
water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the
surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can
pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity. Contaminants that may be present include:
Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, that may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural
livestock operations, and wildlife; inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally occurring or result from
urban stormwater runoff, industrial, or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or fanning; pesticides and
herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses; organic
chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and
petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic systems; and radioactive
contaminants, which can be naturally occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities. In order to ensure that
tap water is safe to drink, EPA prescribes regulations that limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water
systems. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water which must provide the
same protection for public health.
How can I get involved?
Our Water Board meets on the first Tuesday of each month at 7:30 pm at Edison High School on Maple Lane. Please feel free to
participate in these meetings. Your input is important to us!
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Monitoring and reporting of compliance data violations
Our water system failed to conduct monitoring for Arsenic on time. We arc required to sample annually. Due to an oversight, we
took the sample 3 months late. Although the late sample was below the MCL we are uncertain whether or not there may be any
adverse health risks associated with this violation. We have recently implemented a new monitoring scheduling system which should
prevent this type of monitoring oversight in the future.
Additional information for Lead
Infants and young children are typically more vulnerable to lead in drinking water than the general population. It is possible that lead
levels at your home may be higher than at othisr homes in the community as a result of materials used in your home's plumbing. If you
are concerned about elevated lead levels in your home's water, you may wish to have your water tested and flush your tap for 30
seconds to 2 minutes before using tap water. Additional information is available from Sale Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
Additional information for Nitrate
Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. High nitrate levels in
drinking water can cause blue baby syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short periods of time because of rainfall or
agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant, you should ask for advice from your health care provider.
Water Quality Data Table
The table below lists all of the drinking water contaminants we detected that are applicable for the calendar year of this report. The
presence of contaminants in the water does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a health risk. Unless otherwise noted, the data
presented in this table is from testing done in the calendar year of the report. The EPA or the State requires us to monitor for certain
contaminants less than once per year because Ihe concentrations of these contaminants do not change
«r
MCI*
TS *r.
Jtaw
Disinfectants & Disinfection By-products
Chloramine 4 4
(as C12) (mg/L)
Inorganic Contaminants . : :
Fluoride (ppm) 4 4
Nitrate (measured
as Nitrogen) (ppm)
10
Radioactive Contaminants
Alpha emitters 0
(pCi/L)
Beta/photon 0
emitters (pCi/L)
10
15
50
8.25
10
ND
5
ND
10
10
2004
2004
2004
2002
2004
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring*
Chloromethane (ppb) 0.07
tow Higfc
ND 0.07
No
No
No
No
No
Dibromochloro-
propane (DBPC)
(PPO
Atrazine (ppb)
Benzene (ppb)
TTHMs [Total
Trihalomethanes]
(PPbl
f&flttr ;; \
0
3
f rvntsifn i lifti
^ viiuuu ii *CM
0
NA
,
200
3
5
80
jftepffdx
15
3.75
1
73
sdJU'Wit
10
0.1
ND
40
1 ;]
15
10
1
110
B&ttgft
2003
2004
2002
2004
' L * '
No
Yes
No
No
. . ?
Water additive to control microbes.
Erosion of natural deposits; water additive
which promotes strong teeth; discharge from
fertilizer and aluminum factories.
Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from
septic tank sewage; erosion of natural
deposits.
Erosion of natural deposits
Decay of natural and man-made deposits.
The EPA considers SO pCi/L to be the level
of concern for Beta particles.
Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on
soybeans, cotton, pineapples and orchards.
Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.
Discharge from factories; leaching from gas
storage tanks and landfills.
By-product of drinking water disinfection.
* Unregulated contaminants monitoring helps EPA to determine where certain contaminants occur and whether it needs to regulate those
contaminants.
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Ifcwr
Water
Inorganic Contaminant
Lead - lead at 0
consumers tap
15
2003
AL
Iof20
No
Corrosion of household plumbing systems,
erosion of natural deposits.
Data Table Key: Unit Descriptions
mg/L
ppm
ppb
ppt
pCi/L
NA
ND
NR
mg/L: number of milligrams of substance in one liter of water
ppm: parts per million, or milligrams per liter
ppb: parts per billion, or micrograms per liter
ppt: parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter
pCi/L: picocuries per liter ( a measure of radioactivity)
NA: not applicable
ND: not detected
NR: monitoring not required, but recommended
1mpurtant Drinking Water Definitions
MCLG
MCL
TT
AL
MRDLG
MRDL
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal: The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which
there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.
Maximum Contaminant Level: This highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking
water. MCLs are set as close as feasible using the best available treatment technology.
Treatment Technique: A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in
drinking water.
Action Level: The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other
requirements which a water systems must follow.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal: The level of a drinking water disinfectant below
which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the
use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level: The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking
water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of
microbial contaminants.
Violations and Exceedances: Atrazine
Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties. During March, April and May a big surge in use of atrazine-based herbicides by
area farmers caused our water to exceed the MCL for atrazine. We sent a notice warning you of the problem when it occurred and
offered to provide alternative water to customers at that time. We are working with the state and local farmers to ensure that this never
happens again, and we are monitoring atrazine levels monthly. We regret exposing you to any potential risk. If you would like more
information about atrazine or the violation call us at 111 -2233 or Sample County's health department at 111 -3377.
For More Information Please Contact:
Dan Jones, 111 Main Street, Sampletown, AK 55555
Phone (999) 111-2233, Fax (999) 111-2255
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