United States      Office of Science    EPA -822-R-02-034
     Environmental      and Technology    April 2002
     Protection Agency     (4303T)
EPA Statistical Support
     Document  for the
     Development of Round 2
     Biosolids Use or
     Disposal Regulations

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Acknowledgments

This document was prepared by Charles E. White of the Engineering and Analysis Division in
EPA's Office of Water.  Kathleen Stralka with Science Applications International Corporation
provided assistance under EPA Contract No. 68-C-99-233.

Questions or comments regarding this document should be addressed to:

Charles E. White, Statistician
USEPA (4303T)
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC  20460
White.Charles-E@EPA.Gov

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.     Executive Summary	Page 1
II.    Introduction	Page 2
III.    Analytical Data and Methods  	Page 3
      IIIA.   Sample Design and Survey Weights 	Page 3
      IIIB.   Data Conventions	Page 6
      IIIC.   Toxic Equivalents  	Page 6
      HID.   Statistical Methods	Page 6
IV.    Dry Weight of Biosolids Disposed in 1988	Page 9
V.    NSSS  National Summary Statistics—Dioxins, Furans, and Dioxin-like PCB Toxic
      Equivalent Estimates	Page 11
      VA.   2001 NSSS Dioxin and Dioxin-like Concentration Descriptive
             Statistics	Page 11
      VB.   2001 NSSS National Summary Statistics—Dioxins and Dioxin-like PCB Toxic
             Equivalent Estimates	  Page 12
      VC.   2001 NSSS National Dioxin and Dioxin-like TEQs By Flow Group	Page 13
      VD.   1988 and 2001 NSSS National Summary Statistics—Dioxins and Dioxin-like
             PCB Toxic Equivalent Estimates  	Page 15
VI.    Self-monitoring Data Over Time	Page 18
      VIA.   Self-monitoring Data	Page 18
      VIB.   Data Conventions Applied to Self-monitoring Data	  Page 19
      VIC.   Self-monitoring Summary Statistics—Dioxins, Furans, and Dioxin-like PCB
             Toxic Equivalent Estimates	Page 19

Appendix A   National Pollutant Concentration Percentile Estimates from the 2001 NSSS
Appendix B   National Toxic Equivalent Estimates from the 2001 NSSS
Appendix C   Empirical Cumulative Distributions of National Toxic Equivalents from the 2001
             NSSS
Appendix D   Empirical Cumulative Distributions of National Toxic Equivalents from the 2001
             NSSS By  Flow Groups

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1:  2001 NSSS Survey Weights  	Page 5
Table 2:  Strata Definitions and Sizes	Page 5
Table 3:  WHO—Toxicity Equivalency Factors	Page 7
Table 4:  Dry Weights of Biosolids Disposed in 1988 (U.S. Tons) 	Page 10
Table 5:  2001 NSSS National TEQ Estimates—Total TEQs  	Page 12
Table 6:  2001 NSSS Total Dioxin and Furan and Dioxin-Like PCB National TEQ
         Estimates— POTWs By Flow Groups  	Page 13
Table 7:  Total Dioxin and Furan National TEQ Estimates  	Page 15
Table 8:  Number and Type of Self-monitoring Data	Page 18
Table 9:  Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs Nondetected Values Set to Zero	Page 22
Table 10: Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs Nondetected Values Set to 1A ML	Page 24
Table 11: Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs Nondetected Values Set to ML	Page 26
Table 12: Total Dioxin-like PCB TEQs Nondetected Values Set to Zero	Page 28
Table 13: Total Dioxin-like PCB TEQs Nondetected Values Set to 1/2ML	Page 30
Table 14: Total Dioxin-like PCB TEQs Nondetected Values Set to ML	Page 32
Table 15: Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-like PCB TEQs
         Nondetected Values Set to Zero  	Page 34
Table 16: Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-like PCB TEQs
         Nondetected Values Set to 1A ML 	Page 36
Table 17: Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-like PCB TEQs
         Nondetected Values Set to ML  	Page 38

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I.      EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In accordance with Section 405 (d) of the amended Clean Water Act, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) proposed a limitation of 300 parts per trillion (ppt) toxic equivalents (TEQs) of dioxin,
furan and dioxin-like coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in biosolids. Under the proposed
limitation, biosolids containing a TEQ in excess of this proposed limitation may not be land applied.
Additionally, EPA also proposed that publicly owned treatment works (POTWs ), privately owned
treatment works, and secondary preparers producing biosolids containing dioxin and dioxin-like TEQs in
the range of 30 to 300 ppt be required to monitor their TEQs annually.  Covered facilities producing less
than 30 ppt TEQs would monitor every 5 years.

Supporting regulation development for the use or disposal of biosolids containing dioxin and dioxin-like
compounds, this document presents estimates describing the dry weight amount of biosolids used or
disposed at various-sized treatment works across the country, distribution of TEQs of dioxin and
dioxin-like compounds in biosolids from POTWs across the country, and the variability over time of
dioxin and dioxin-like TEQs in biosolids  from three POTWs.

The estimated dry weight of biosolids used and disposed by POTWs were determined from data collected
in the EPA's 1988 National Sewage Sludge Survey (NSSS). Dioxin and dioxin-like TEQs in biosolids as
measured during the 2001  and 1988 NSSS support distributional assessments. It should be noted that
chemical analytical techniques differed between the 1988 and 2001 surveys.  In 1988, dioxin-like
coplanar PCBs were measured as aroclors. Since the percentage of coplanar PCBS that comprise the
aroclors are not publicly available, TEQs for the dioxin-like PCBs are not provided in this report.  By
contrast, the individual dioxin-like PCBs were measured in the 2001 NSSS and their TEQs are reported.
Also, during the 1988 NSSS, the percent solids of each biosolid sample was quantified and a standard
volume of each was subjected to chemical analyses. Dry weight amounts of the dioxin and furans were
then determined mathematically based on the sample's percent solids. In 2001, the sample's volume was
adjusted based on percent solids and this adjusted volume was then submitted for chemical analyses.
Finally, characterization of dioxin and dioxin-like TEQs in biosolids overtime was determined from long
term monitoring data provided voluntarily to the EPA by three POTWs.

The EPA conducted the 1988 NSSS to support the  development and promulgation of "Round 1"
regulations. POTWs that practiced secondary or higher treatment of waste water were sampled from flow
categories according to a statistical probability design. In 1988, biosolids from 174 POTWs were
measured for dioxins and furans.  Dioxin-like PCBs were measured as aroclors. During the 1988 NSSS,
biosolid samples were obtained after final treatment just prior to use or disposal. EPA's 2001 NSSS
characterized the dioxin and dioxin-like TEQ levels in biosolids produced by POTWs during that year.
The 2001NSSS sample of 94 POTWs was drawn from EPA's  1988 NSSS.   The 94 sampled POTWs that
practiced secondary or higher treatment of wastewater in 2001 projects to 6,857 POTWs in the Nation.

The maximum observed total dioxin/furan and dioxin-like PCB TEQs from the 2001 NSSS is 718 ppt.
Of the 94 POTWs  in the sample, only two POTWs exceeded the 300 ppt limitation. One POTW is in the
category that treats more than 10 million but less than 100 million gallons of wastewater per day.  The
other is from the category of POTWs that treats more than 1 million but less than  10 million gallons of
wastewater per day. Together, these two POTWs represent 61 of the 6,857 POTWs in the Nation in 2001
that practice secondary or higher treatment of wastewater— or 0.9 percent of the POTWs in the Nation.
The 99th percentile estimate of total dioxin/furan and dioxin-like PCB TEQs from the 2001 NSSS ranges
from 114 to 138 ppt, depending on the method used for congeners or aroclors not measured above the

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minimum level (ML) of quantitation in a sample. The percentage of POTWs that produce biosolids with
less than 30 ppt of dioxin and dioxin-like TEQs ranges from 79 percent to 73 percent, depending on the
method used to produce estimates when dioxins are not measured above the ML in a POTW's biosolids
sample. When the value zero is substituted for dioxin congeners not measured above the ML, 79 percent
of the POTWs that practice secondary or higher treatment of wastewater in 2001 are below the total
dioxin and dioxin-like TEQ 30 ppt limit and therefore would be required to monitor every 5 years. If the
congener's  ML values is substituted for those samples from which the congener was not measured above
the ML, then 73 percent of the POTWs in 2001 produce biosolids containing less than 30 ppt TEQs of
dioxin.

Of the three POTWs that supplied self-monitoring data, one submitted 90 monthly dioxin and furan
TEQs. These data were collected from 1991 through 2000. Although total dioxin and furan TEQs were
less than 300 ppt from March 1992 through May 1993, TEQs  ranged from 100 to 265 ppt during that
time.  After that, only three monthly TEQs exceeded 100 ppt.  One of these values , 325 ppt, occurred in
November 1994.  The high TEQ for this month was dominated by a high OCDD measurement.  The
remaining POTWs reported monthly self-monitoring TEQs from 2000 and 2001. These total TEQs were
rather consistent over time; however, the POTWs did report total TEQs in excess of 30 ppt and thus
would be required to monitor under this "Round 2" regulation.

II.     INTRODUCTION

Under the authority of Section 405 (d) Clean Water Act, as amended, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is promulgating limitations for use or disposal  of biosolids (40 CFR 503). Biosolids are
treated sewage sludge, which is a byproduct of municipal wastewater  treatment. Land application,
surface disposal, and incineration are the regulated uses or disposal practices for biosolids.

In 1993, EPA promulgated limits for nine toxic pollutants in biosolids that are to be land applied, surface
disposed, or incinerated.  Regulated pollutants included metals, pathogens, and total hydrocarbons.  The
1993 limitations are referred to as the "Round 1" regulation for use and disposal of biosolids. In
December 1999, EPA proposed a "Round 2" limitation of 300 parts per trillion (ppt) toxic equivalents
(TEQs) of dioxins.  Ppt is equivalent to nanograms per kilogram (ng/kg). The term "dioxins" is used in
this document to encompass dioxins and dioxin-like poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).  This group of
dioxin-like chemicals have similar chemical properties and can thus elicit common toxic responses.

Under the proposed Round 2 regulation, biosolids containing more than 300 ppt TEQs of dioxin may not
be land applied. The proposed Round 2 regulation also requires that all facilities test biosolids to be land
applied for dioxins. Publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) finding dioxin TEQ levels between 30
and 300 ppt in their biosolids would be required to monitor dioxin levels annually.  POTWs with less than
30 ppt of TEQs of dioxin would be required to monitor the dioxin levels in their biosolids once every 5
years.  Exceptions to this testing requirement would be biosolids from POTWs that treat less than one
million gallons of wastewater per day and small POTWs that prepare  less than 290 dry metric tons of
sewage sludge annually.

EPA conducted the 1988  National Sewage Sludge Survey (NSSS) to support the development and
promulgation of Round 1 regulations. This survey was conducted according to a statistical probability
sample design. Biosolids from 174 POTWs were sampled and chemically analyzed. These samples
projected to 7,714 POTWs in the Nation in 1988. In support of Round 2 regulation development, EPA
conducted a 2001 NSSS.  The Agency obtained biosolids samples from 94 POTWs that participated in

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the 1988 NSSS analytical survey. The samples in the 2001 NSSS project to 6,857 POTWs in the Nation
in 2001. Section III of this report describes the sampling plan for the 2001 NSSS. It also includes a
discussion of sample weights and their application for projecting sample estimates to POTWs in the
Nation.

This report presents three information components that are integral to risk assessment and regulation
development, including: quantity of biosolids used and disposed; the amount of dioxin and dioxin-like
TEQs in disposed solids, and the variability of the TEQ amounts over time. Section IV of this report
presents national estimates of the dry weight amounts of biosolids disposed by POTWs for 1988. The
2001 NSSS did not collect disposal amount information. Section V provides summary statistics for 2001
dioxin and dioxin-like pollutants, including three sets of tabulated estimates of the mean, median, and
upper percentiles by congener.  The estimates differ by the value that enters the estimation algorithms
when a congener is not measured above the minimum level (ML) in a sample. The three methods
substitute the values zero, one-half the ML, and the ML of the congener, respectively, when a congener is
not measured above the ML in a sample.

Application of toxic equivalent factors (TEFs) to POTW congener dry weight concentrations is the basis
for estimating TEQs. The products of congener TEFs  and congeners' dry weight concentrations from the
POTWs sample are summed across congeners to produce the POTWs TEQ. Section V reports total TEQs
for dioxins and furans; total TEQs for co-planar PCBs; and total TEQs for dioxins, furans, and co-planer
PCBs from the 2001 NSSS. Again, national estimates are presented for each of three substitution
methods when a congener is not measured above the ML in a POTW sample.

Section V also provides side-by-side estimates of dioxin and furan TEQs from the 2001 and 1988 NSSS.
Graphical empirical cumulative distributions of TEQs from the 2001 and 1988 NSSS augment tabulated
estimates.  Appendices C and D list cumulative empirical distributions underlying the graphics
presentations. Results of statistical tests of differences  in the national average amounts of total dioxin and
furan TEQs between 1988 and 2001 are presented in Section V.

Three POTWs submitted monthly self-monitoring data. Data were collected predominantly during 2000.
However, one POTW provided data from 1991 through 2000. Section VI presents summary statistics for
TEQs and displays graphical presentations of these data overtime.

III.    ANALYTICAL DATA AND METHODS

This section defines the sample design and resulting weights for the 2001 NSSS.  Because the 1988 NSSS
is the basis from which the 2001 NSSS was drawn, Section IIIA presents a description of the 1988 NSSS.
Section IIIB provides a description of the conventions and statistical methods employed to generate
estimates presented in this report. Sections IIIC and HID discuss TEFs and statistical methods.

IIIA.  SAMPLE DESIGN AND SURVEY WEIGHTS

To support Round 1 regulatory development efforts, EPA's 1988 NSSS collected biosolids quantity and
pollutant occurrence data from a national probability sample  of POTWs practicing at least secondary
treatment of wastewater.  Operationally, secondary treatment was defined as a primary clarifier process
followed by biological treatment and secondary clarification.  In 1988, 11,407 POTWs in the 50 states,
Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia met these criteria.

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A statistical probability sample of 208 POTWs in the contiguous states and the District of Columbia
comprised the analytical component of the 1988 NSSS. These POTWs were randomly drawn from
secondary or higher treatment POTWs that were categorized into one of four strata based on their average
daily flow of influent wastewater.  These strata are defined as:

•      Flow greater than 100 million gallons per day (MOD)
•      Flow more than 10 MOD but less than or equal to 100 MOD
•      Flow more than 1 MGD but less than or equal to  10 MGD
•      Flow less than or equal to  1 MGD.

EPA contract personnel collected biosolids samples from 180 POTWs in the analytical component of the
NSSS. Samples were collected just prior to use or disposal of the biosolids. All sample collection and
preservation was conducted according to protocol. Contract laboratories analyzed each biosolids sample
for percent solids and the concentration of 412 analytes. Method  1613 measured dibenzofurans and
dioxins in a standardized sample volume. Coplanar PCBs were measured as PCB aroclors. Chemical
analysis methods were either developed, chosen, or adapted to allow for the most reliable and accurate
measurement of the subject analytes in the biosolids matrix. The concentration of quantified  chemicals in
1988 samples were converted to dry weight measures based on their percent solids so that dioxin and
furan TEQs would be comparable across the range of samples.

A more detailed discussion the NSSS sampling plan, POTWs, and data are included in a November 1992
final report titled "Statistical Support Documentation for the 40 CFR, Part 503 Final Standards for the
Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge."

A total of 208 POTWs were selected for sampling as part of the analytical component of EPA's  1988
NSSS. However, 32 POTWs were excluded from statistical analyses because biosolid samples were not
obtained after the completion of secondary treatment of wastewater.

National concentration estimates of toxic equivalence of dioxins and furans were calculated from a
sample of 174 POTWs.  Biosolid samples from SurveylDs 23-07-036 (Episode=1554) and 35-05-012
(Episode=1561) were not analyzed for the dioxin and furans during the NSSS. Therefore, dioxin and
furan estimates, generated from a sample of 174 POTWs, apply to a population of 7,714 POTWs.

From the 1988 NSSS, a sample 101 POTWs was statistically drawn. Of these 101 POTWs, seven were
either no longer in business or did not produce biosolids.  These seven POTWs—one in stratum two,
three in stratum three, and three in stratum four—represent 855 POTWs in the population of 7,714
POTWs in the Nation that practiced secondary or higher treatment of wastewater in 1988. The table
below presents the descriptive sampling statistics for the 2001 NSSS.

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                            TABLE 1: 2001 NSSS Survey Weights
STRATUM
(H)
1
2
3
4
• •
SAMPLE
SIZE(NH)
11
30
36
24
101
OPERATING
POTWsiN
SAMPLE
11
29
33
21
94
ADJUSTED
STRATUM
(NH)
27
291
1,685
4,854
6,857
SAMPLING
FRACTION
(NH/NH)
11/27
29/291
33/1,685
21/4,854

STRATUM
WEIGHT
(NH/N)
27/6,857
291/6,857
1,685/6,857
4,854/6,857
1.000
The primary assumption underlying the statistical sample design of the 2001 NSSS is that the population
consists of 7,714 POTWs across the four strata. These strata categorize the POTWs according to the
average daily flow of influent wastewater.  The strata definitions and the strata sizes based on the 1988
population are tabulated in the table below.

                            TABLE 2: Strata Definitions and Sizes
STRATUM
1
2
3
4
TOTAL
STRATUM DEFINITION
FLOW GREATER THAN 100 MOD
FLOW >10 MOD BUT • *00 MOD
FLOW >1 MOD BUT MO MOD
FLOW • * MOD

NUMBER OF POTWs IN THE
POPULATION STRATUM
27
301
1,838
5,548
7,714
The sampling fractions for the 2001 NSSS were derived using Bayes Theorem. Define Ah as the event
that a POTW was randomly drawn from the Nh POTWs in stratum h of the 1988 population of POTWs.
Define Bh as the event that a POTW was randomly drawn for the 2001 NSSS. The event B/A indicates
that a POTW in the 2001 NSSS was randomly selected from the sample of nh POTWs in the 1988 NSSS
to be included in the 2001 NSSS. The event AB is defined as the event that a POTW is in both the 1988
NSSS and 2001 NSSS.

Thus, using Bayes Theorem,
P[Bh/Ah]*P[Ah]=P[ABh] applied to stratum one yields a sampling fraction ( P[ABh]) of 11/27 because
              =11/19*19/27.

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IIIB.  DATA CONVENTIONS

From 2001 NSSS biosolids samples, EPA quantified dioxin and furans using EPA Method 1613B. PCB
concentrations were determined by EPA Method 1668A. Because the amount of biosolids differs per
sample, EPA adjusted sample volume by percent solids to report quantified amounts on a dry weight
basis. This allowed sample concentrations to be compared on the same basis. Units of measure are ppt
(ng/kg).

Before calculating the national estimates of dioxin, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs presented in Section V
of this report, pollutant concentrations were aggregated on a POTW basis to form one concentration value
per POTW for each pollutant. For POTWs with multiple samples, the pollutant concentrations were
averaged together. Each aggregate concentration is considered to be detected above the pollutant's ML if
at least one of the samples was detected above the ML. If a pollutant was not measured above the ML,
estimates were calculated using three substitution methods. These methods substituted the value zero,
one-half the ML, or the ML value when a congener was not measured above the ML in a POTW's
sample.

IIIC.  Toxic EQUIVALENTS

Dioxins, used in this report to refer to dioxin-like compounds, consist of poly chlorinated dibenzo-p-
dioxins, poly chlorinated dibenzofurans, and co-planar PCBs. Because dioxins are of similar chemical
structure, they express similar toxicity.  TEFs standardize the toxicity of dioxin congeners to 2, 3, 7, 8
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The World Health Organization (WHO) provides a TEF scheme
that includes TEFs for coplanar PCBs in addition to those for dioxin and furans. Van den Berg, et. al
published "Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs for Humans and Wildlife"
in the 1998, volume 106 issue of Environmental Health Perspectives. Table 3 lists the  WHO-98 TEFs.

Section V of this report presents TEQs.  National estimates of TEQs at the congener level are generated
from POTW TEQs resulting  from the product of the congener's TEF times the congener's dry weight
concentration in the POTW's biosolid sample. Total TEQs for dioxin and furans, coplanar PCBs, and
total dioxin and dioxin-like compounds from a POTWs sample were mathematically aggregated by
summing the congener TEQs from a POTW's sample.

 TEQ = (Congenen x TEFi] + (Congenerj x TEFj) + ••• + (Congener* x TEFn)


HID.  STATISTICAL METHODS

Section V of this report presents national summary statistics for dioxins and dioxin TEQs.  Estimates of
the mean and standard deviations of the empirical measures were generated according to stratified random
sampling procedure listed in Cohen's 1977 edition of "Sampling Techniques." The weights are those
tabulated in this  section.

EPA calculated percentile estimates using the nonparametric, weighted cumulative distribution function
(CDF) technique described below.

Denote the dry weight, or the TEQ concentration of a given pollutant in the sampled biosolid from the j*
POTW in the ith  survey flow stratum as Xir The values of the variable X:J are then sorted in order of

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increasing TEQ or concentration. The values of the adjusted survey weights
ordered values of X^ are then summed until the first occurrence of p.
                                                                         j) associated with the
If X is defined as the concentration of the p* percentile then,
                              XP = F(X) > p where F(X) =
with
                                            ntj
                                            2,I(Xij < X)
                                                          and
                              I(Xij < x) = 1 if Xij < x for x > 0
                                        =  0 otherwise.

To determine the TEQ or pollutant concentration associated with the p* percentile, an inverse function
was applied to the cumulative distribution function. Define the pth percentile as Fx(Xp) such that P[X <
xj >  p/100.  The inverse of this function F'Xp), is the smallest value of x satisfying Fx(x)  > p where p is
the desired percentile point (P) divided by 100.

Because the cumulative distribution created by application of the formula is empirical, integer valued
percentile points are not always realized. The convention applied to determine the TEQ concentration
associated with the pth integer percentile from the empirical distribution function was to determine the
smallest TEQ concentration value x such that Fx(x) > p. This value was denoted x p+ and is the q*
ordered TEQ concentration. The next smallest TEQ concentration from x ^, or the concentration
associated with the (q-l)st ordered TEQ concentration was then identified.  The TEQ concentration value
for the p* percentile was obtained using linear interpolation between the qth and (q-1) values.

                         TABLE 3: WHO—Toxicity Equivalency Factors*
DioxiN/FURAN CONGENER
OCTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
TEF
0.0001
0.0001
0.010
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.010
0.10

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DIOXIN/FURAN CONGENER
1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,4,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,4,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOP-DIOXIN
2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
CO-PLANAR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
PCB-77
PCB-81
PCB-126
PCB-169
PCB-105
PCB-118
PCB-123
PCB-156
PCB-157
PCB-167
PBC-114
PCB-170
PCB-180
PCB-189
TEF
0.100
1.000
0.050
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.500
1.000
0.100
TEF
0.0001
0.0001
0.1
0.01
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0005
0.0005
0.00001
0.0005
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
*Source:  Van den Berg, et. al., 1998. "Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for Humans and Wildlife/
Environmental Health Perspectives 106:775-792.

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IV.    DRY WEIGHTS OF BIOSOLIDS DISPOSED IN 1988

The dry weight of biosolids disposed by POTWs is recorded in the 1988 NSSS. This information is not
available for the POTWs in the 2001 NSSS. As a point of reference, Table 4 records mean, maximum,
and upper percentiles of dry weight biosolids disposed in 1988 by POTWs that practice secondary or
greater treatment of wastewater. Estimates are presented by flow groups.  Table 4 includes three sets of
disposal statistics for each flow stratum. These sets include those POTWs in the stratum that reported
zero tons of biosolids disposed.  The second set excludes POTWs reporting zero biosolids disposed.
Finally, since Round 2 applies to land application, the third set of disposal statistics record dry weights of
biosolids disposed by those POTWs in 1988 that indicated that they used land  application as their major
disposal practice.

Table 4 indicates that in 1988, at least half of the POTWs treating less than one million gallons of
wastewater per day were less than the 290 dry weight metric tons exemption. Actually, 90 percent of the
POTWs in the nation in 1988 that  treated less than one million gallons of wastewater per day disposed
less than 290 metric tons of biosolids annually.

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TABLE 4: Dry Weights of Biosolids Disposed in 1988 (U.S. Tons)



POTWs TREATING > 100 MGD
ALL REPORTED DISPOSED
(ZEROS INCLUDED)
ALL REPORTED DISPOSED
(ZEROS EXCLUDED)
ALL LISTING LA AS A MAJOR
DISPOSAL PRACTICE
46,900
48,700
25,800
27,800
28,300
15,200
150,000
151,000
69,500


235,000
236,000
87,800


262,000
262,000
92,300
POTWs TREATING > 10 MGD BUT • 100 MGD
ALL REPORTED DISPOSED
(ZEROS INCLUDED)
ALL REPORTED DISPOSED
(ZEROS EXCLUDED)
ALL LISTING LA AS A MAJOR
DISPOSAL PRACTICE
6,310
6,410
4,560
4,370
4,400
2,830
20,500
20,700
12,900
26,200
26,200
14,000
39,900
39,900
14,200
POTWs TREATING > 1 MGD BUT • 10
ALL REPORTED DISPOSED
(ZEROS INCLUDED)
ALL REPORTED DISPOSED
(ZEROS EXCLUDED)
ALL LISTING LA AS A MAJOR
DISPOSAL PRACTICE
670
691
581
357
390
297
1,890
1,900
1,760
5,180
5,390
2,500
13,600
13,600
13,600
POTWs TREATING • «l MGD
ALL REPORTED DISPOSED
(ZEROS INCLUDED)
ALL REPORTED DISPOSED
(ZEROS EXCLUDED)
ALL LISTING LA AS A MAJOR
DISPOSAL PRACTICE
51.7
85.6
78
31.9
31.0
22.0
247
351
347
436
457
455
5,630
5,630
958
                            10

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V.     NSSS NATIONAL SUMMARY STATISTICS—DIOXINS, FURANS, AND DIOXIN-LIKE
       PCB Toxic EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES

This section is comprised of four subsections. Section VA describes how 2001 NSSS dioxin and dioxin
like compounds were measured. It also directs the reader to appendices that list descriptive statistics
across the 94 POTWs in the 2001 NSSS for each measured compound.  Section VB presents tabulated
national estimates of TEQs from the 2001 NSSS.  Since the proposed regulation includes testing
exceptions for POTWs that treat less than one million gallons of wastewater per day, Section VC reports
2001 TEQ descriptive statistics for POTWs treating less than one million gallons of wastewater and those
treating more than one million gallons. Finally, Section VD presents statistical tests of differences
between the national mean dioxin and furan TEQs from 1988 and 2001.

VA.   2001  NSSS DIOXIN AND DIOXIN-LIKE CONCENTRATION DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Exhibits 1-3 in Appendix A present national summary statistics for 2001 NSSS pollutant concentrations.
All units are ppt (or ng/kg). Dioxins and furans were measured using EPA method 1613B. PCBs were
quantified using EPA Method 1668A. Sample volumes were adjusted according to percent solids prior to
chemical analysis.

For each pollutant and aggregated or total pollutants, the tables report pollutant type, unit of measure,
sample size, an estimate of the national percent detect, the observed maximum, and the 99th, 98th, 95th, 90th
and median percentiles estimated from empirical national, cumulative distributions of pollutant
concentrations. The column labeled "Sample Size" records the number of POTWs in the NSSS from
which data were used to generate the reported estimates.

The exhibits differ according to the method used to account for nondetected congeners. A congener is
considered a nondetection if it is not measured above the ML in a POTW's biosolids sample.
Incorporating nondetected samples into national estimates is important because if they are excluded, then
estimates are biased high.  Exhibit 1 reports national estimates that substituted the value zero for a
congener that was not measured above the ML. This set of estimates is the least conservative with respect
to the environment. Exhibit 2 records national estimates with one-half the ML value incorporated for
nondetected samples. Finally, the most environmentally conservative estimates are listed in Exhibit 3.
These estimates incorporated a congener's ML value for those samples from which the congener was not
measured above the ML.

The maximum observed value of 2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD in the 2001 NSSS was 47.20 ng/kg.  The 99th percentile
estimate from the empirical cumulative distribution of 2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD is 5.09 ng/kg.  Biosolids from 99
percent of the POTWs in 2001 measured 2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD above the  ML. PCB-126, which is the coplanar
PCB with the  highest TEF of 0.1, was measured above the minimum value in 49 percent of the 2001
NSSS biosolids samples. The observed maximum ranges  from is 503 ng/kg to 908 ng/kg for the
nondetection substitutions of zero and the ML, respectively. The exhibits demonstrate that most of the
congeners display large standard deviations.  This indicates that the observed values of the congeners
vary widely.
                                             11

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VB.   2001NSSS NATIONAL SUMMARY STATISTICS—DIOXINS AND DIOXIN-LIKE PCB
       Toxic EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES

Exhibits 4-6 in Appendix B present TEQ national summary statistics for 2001 NSSS pollutants. The
WHO-98 TEFs were applied to generate TEQs.  All units are ppt or ng/kg.

The convention applied for nondetections, as described in Section VA, were applied when estimating
TEQ summary statistics.  Exhibit 4 records TEQ estimates with the value zero, entering a POTW's TEQ
when a congener is not measured above the ML in a sample.  Exhibits 5-6 present TEQ estimates that use
the values of one-half the ML and the ML, respectively, when a congener is not measured above the ML
in a sample.

Total TEQs estimates from Exhibits 4-6 are listed in the following table.

                 TABLE 5: 2001 NSSS National TEQ Estimates—Total TEQs
METHOD
MEAN
STD.
DEV.
MAX.
99™ %
98™ %
95™ %
90™ %
50™ %
TOTAL DIOXIN AND FURAN TEQs
0
!/2ML
ML
21.70
21.70
21.80
47.5
47.5
47.5
682.00
682.00
682.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
54..40
54.40
54.40
33.30
33.30
33.30
31.40
31.60
31.70
15.50
15.50
15.50
TOTAL COPLANAR PCB TEQs
0
!/2ML
ML
5.22
9.87
14.50
10.3
14.0
22.4
58.30
58.30
103.00
50.60
55.10
97.2
44.80
54.50
91.60
13.10
49.40
78.00
9.66
19.20
35.00
2.05
6.04
8.11
TOTAL DIOXIN AND DIOXIN-LIKE TEQs
0
!/2ML
ML
26.90
31.60
36.30
49.6
50.0
52.7
718.00
718.00
718.00
114.00
115.00
138.00
76.60
80.10
96.00
59.30
73.50
113.00
42.80
55.10
69.10
19.70
23.40
24.00
The coplanar PCBs exhibit more nondetections than the dioxin and furans. Therefore, their estimates are
more sensitive to substitution methods.  The POTW with the maximum observed dioxin and furan TEQ is
not the same POTW with the maximum observed coplanar PCB. Appendix C presents the empirical
cumulative distributions for the 2001 TEQ estimates.
                                            12

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VC.   2001NSSS NATIONAL DIOXIN AND DIOXIN-LIKE TEQs BY FLOW GROUP

Because Round 2 regulations provide a testing exception for those POTWs that process less than one
million gallons of wastewater per day, EPA evaluated TEQ summary statistics for this group of 2001
NSSS POTWs in comparison to those POTWs that treat more than one million gallons of wastewater per
day. There are 21 POTWs in the 2001 NSSS that treat less than one million gallons of wastewater per
day. These 21 sampled POTWs project to 4,854 POTWs in the Nation. The remaining 73 sampled
POTWs treat more than one million gallons of wastewater per day and project to 2003 POTWs in the
Nation. Table 6 presents TEQ statistics for this dichotomy of POTWs.

  TABLE 6: 2001  NSSS Total Dioxin and Furan and Dioxin-Like PCB National TEQ Estimates—
                                  POTWs By Flow Groups
METHOD
ESTIMATE
MEAN
STD. DEV.
MAXIMUM
99™ %
98™ %
95™ %
90™ %
50™ %
ZERO FOR NONDETECTS
MMGD
22.10
16.8
78.60
71.80
65.10
46.00
37.20
19.90
>1MGD
38.50
86.7
718.00
401.00
265.00
62.60
54.00
18.90
y* ML FOR NONDETECTS
MMGD
26.50
18.3
78.6
76.40
74.20
67.10
46.10
22.90
>1MGD
44.10
86.8
718.00
403.00
269.00
94.80
64.20
22.60
ML FOR NONDETECTS
MMGD
30.80
24.6
118.00
109.00
101.00
77.00
46.60
23.80
>1MGD
49.60
88.2
718.00
406.00
276.00
134.00
86.90
25.80
These descriptive statistics illustrate the skewness of the empirical distribution of TEQs between POTWs
treating less than one million gallons of wastewater per day and those treating more than one million
gallons of wastewater per day. This is evidenced by the fact that the medians (50th percentiles) of the two
distributions of total TEQs are very similar. However, the mean and upper percentile TEQ estimates
from POTWs treating more than one million gallons of wastewater per day are higher than those that treat
less than one million gallons of wastewater per day.  As anticipated, values in excess of 300 ppt are from
the POTWs that treat more than one million gallons of wastewater per day.

The skewness of the empirical distributions of total dioxin, furan and dioxin-like TEQs for the POTWs in
the two flow categories is illustrated graphically on the  next page. Appendix D presents the empirical
cumulative distributions.
                                            13

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        Empirical Cumulative Distributions
      2001 National Sewage Sludge Survey
          Total Dioxins/Furans/PCB TEQs

            Non detects substituted by Zero
                          Z
     .1         1         10        100       1,000
    Non detects substituted by half the Minimum Level
              1         10        100       1,000
      Non detects substituted by the Minimum Level
     .1         1         10        100       1,000
POTWs > 1 mgd

POTWs < 1 mgd
                        14

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VD.   1988 AND 2001 NSSS NATIONAL SUMMARY STATISTICS—DlOXINS AND DlOXIN-LIKE
       PCB Toxic EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES

This section lists TEQ estimates from the 2001 NSSS next to those from 1988. Overlayed cumulative
distributions of the TEQs from the two NSSS surveys augment the tabulated national estimates. We also
present statistical tests of differences. Because coplanar PCBs were measured as aroclors in 1988, TEQ
estimates and statistical tests of differences are with respect to total dioxin and furan TEQs. That is,
coplanar PCB TEQs are not included in the estimates.

Before comparing results from the 1988 NSSS and the 2001 NSSS, the reader should notice that
differences do exist between the surveys. First of all, 13 years have elapsed between the studies. Given
that the treatment in a POTW is not expected to influence the amount of dioxins in biosolids, the amount
of dioxins could differ in the influent between the two studies because of the effective reduction of
pollutant loads facilitated by EPA's effluent guidelines for industrial categories. Also, the samples for the
1988 NSSS were taken just prior to disposal. The biosolids samples from the 2001 NSSS were obtained
after secondary treatment.  Chemical analytical methods between the two studies were the same.
However, in the 1988 NSSS, congeners and aroclors were measured in samples of the same size.
Recorded measures were then adjusted to dry weight using the sample's percent solids. In the 2001
NSSS, percent solids in the sample were measured first and then the sample aliquot was adjusted prior to
measurement.  Graphical presentations included in this section suggest that dioxin TEQs from the 1988
and 2001 NSSS are not identically distributed.

Side-by-side TEQ estimates using the WHO-98 TEQ factors are presented for total dioxin and furans.
Additionally, the graphics stack overlaid cumulative distribution functions for each method of
incorporating nondetected values.  The abscissa has been standardized across all graphics.

                   TABLE 7: Total Dioxin and Furan National TEQ Estimates
METHOD
ESTIMATE
MEAN
STD. DEV.
MAXIMUM
99™ %
98™ %
95™ %
90™ %
50™ %
ZERO FOR NONDETECTS
2001
21.70
47.5
682.00
100.00
54.40
33.30
31.40
15.50
1988
46.50
153.0
1870.00
450.00
402.00
301.00
56.70
5.68
Vi ML FOR NONDETECTS
2001
21.70
47.5
682.00
100.00
54.40
33.30
31.60
15.50
1988
67.30
153.0
1870.00
453.00
404.00
303.00
152.00
34.20
ML FOR NONDETECTS
2001
21.80
47.5
682.00
100.00
54.40
33.30
31.70
15.50
1988
88.20
157.00
1870.00
466.00
455.00
340.00
226.00
52.40
Both the tabulated estimates and the graphical presentation of the empirical cumulative distribution
functions of total dioxin and furan TEQs suggest that the 1988 estimates are much more sensitive to the
                                              15

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method for incorporating nondetected values.  This implies that there are more nondetections in the 1988
study than in the 2001 NSSS.  The mean value of the 2001 NSSS is fairly consistent across substitution
methods while the mean from  1988 changes with each method. The graphics and estimates also indicate
that the 1988 NSSS is more variable than the 2001 NSSS.  The greater variability in 1988 is illustrated by
both the sensitivity to handling nondetections which are on the low end of the distribution and the higher
extreme values at the upper part of the distributions.

Two POTWs in the 2001 NSSS exceed the Round 2 limitation of 300 ppt. Approximately 5 percent of
the 7,714 POTWs in 1988 would have exceeded the proposed Round 2 limitation of 300 ppt TEQs just
based on total dioxin and furan TEQ without the coplanar PCBs.

To apply statistical tests of differences, EPA created a variable to record for each POTW in both NSSS
surveys—the difference between 1988 and 2001 TEQs.  Paired statistical tests of differences indicate that
total dioxin and furan TEQs are statistically different.  The total mean TEQ from 1988 is statistically
higher than that from 2001. The attained significance value for these tests are p=(0.0203, 0.0002,
<0.0001) when zero, 1A  ML, and the ML are substituted for congeners or aroclors not measured above the
ML in the sample. If tests of differences are viewed at the flow rate stratum level, it is usually the
POTWs treating one million gallons of wastewater per day or less that display statistically significant
differences, with the 2001 mean TEQ being statistically less than the TEQ mean from the 1988 NSSS.
                                               16

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Empirical Cumulative Distributions for 1988 and 2001
           National Sewage Sludge Surveys
               Total Dioxins/Furans TEQs

               Non detects substituted by Zero
 .000001  .00001  .0001   .001   .01    .1    1     10   100  1,000  10,000
      Non detects substituted by half the Minimum Level
                                      JL
 .000001  .00001  .0001   .001   .01    .1    1     10   100  1,000  10,000
        Non detects substituted by the Minimum Level
 .000001  .00001  .0001   .001   .01    .1    1     10   100  1,000  10,000
     1988

     2001
                                              Using WHO set of TEQs
                            17

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VI.    SELF-MONITORING DATA OVER TIME

Three POTWs submitted monthly dioxin, furan and dioxin-like PCB self-monitoring TEQs to the EPA.
Data from two POTWs span from 1999 through 2001. One of these POTWS reported TEQs for two of
their products. The third POTW reported self-monitoring TEQs from December, 1991 through October,
2000. At monthly intervals, the POTWs recorded the TEQ by congener or aroclor and total TEQs.
Along with the congener/aroclor TEQ, the TEFs were reported.  This section presents data conventions
and statistical results across time from each of these three POTWs.

Section VIA of this report characterizes the submitted self-monitoring data. Data conventions and
standardizations were applied to the self-monitoring data to ensure comparability across facilities and to
EPA's NSSS.  Section VIB details these conventions.  TEQ estimates, using each of the three substitution
methods for aroclors or congeners that were not measured above the ML in a sample, are presented in
Section VIC.  We tabulate estimates first for total dioxin and furan TEQs, then for total dioxin-like  PCB
TEQs, and finally for total dioxin, furan, and dioxin-like PCB TEQs. These tabulated estimates are
augmented by graphical presentations of TEQs  overtime.  Section VIC also provides a discussion  of the
results.

VIA.  SELF-MONITORING DATA

EPA received self-monitoring data in spreadsheets.  Included in the spreadsheets were the monthly
indicators and TEQs at the  congener/aroclor level.  Also provided in the spreadsheets were  listings  of the
TEQ values used to generate TEQs.  Table 8 provides a characterization of the submitted self-monitoring
data.

                      TABLE 8: Number and Type of Self-monitoring Data
SOURCE
POTW 1
POTW 2
MlLORGANITE
AGRI-LIFE
PERIOD OF TIME
MONTH/YEAR
12/91-10/00
7/99-5/01
4/99-6/01
10/99-7/01
MONTHS
90
24
17
14
TEF
SOURCE*
WHO-94
WHO-98
WHO-98A
WHO-98A
TREATMENT OF
NONDETECTIONS
!/2*MDL
0
0
0
TOTAL TEQs
INCLUDE
DIOXIN AND
FURANS ONLY
D/F 7/99- 1/00
D/F/PCB -2/00
D/F/PCBS
D/F/PCBS
* Please notice that the difference between the WHO-94 and WHO-98 TEQ factors occurs for 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD. The WHO-94
factor is 0.5 while the WHO-98 factor is 1.0.

A Milorganite and Agri-Life TEQs were calculated with modified WHO-98 TEFs. The difference is that OCDD and OCDF are
weighted as 0.001—which is the WHO-94 weight not the WHO-98 factor which is 0.0001.
                                              18

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VIB.  DATA CONVENTIONS APPLIED TO SELF-MONITORING DATA

To facilitate comparability of these self monitoring data to each other and to EPA's NSSS, EPA
standardized TEQs to use the WHO-98 TEQs reported by Van den Berg et. al. These TEFs are recorded
on Table 3 of this report.

Across self-monitoring data submitted to EPA, the convention for incorporated congeners or aroclors that
were not measured about the ML was inconsistent.  Congeners or aroclor that are not measured about the
ML in a sample are referred to as "censored or nondetects." The following paragraphs delineate how
each POTW recorded censored data and EPA's technical approach to determining the MLs for each set of
self-monitoring data.

POTW_1 reported monthly TEQs by congener or aroclor. The spreadsheets also listed TEFs.  Cell
entries  recorded in red indicated that the TEQ was censored and that one-half the ML was used to derive
the congener's TEQ. Cell entries recorded in blue indicated that the TEQ was derived from a congener
measurement that was above the ML.  These blue TEQs are "non-censored." Thus, for the red cell entries
indicating censored TEQs, the EPA applied the  following relationship  to determine the ML.

                           If TEQt = \l2MLt* TEFt then

                           MLt=  TEQi*2ITEFr.

These MLs were determined electronically and added to the POTW_1 database.

POTW_2 recorded the ML, the measured concentration, and the TEQ by congener for each month.

Milorganite and Agri-Life are products produced by the third POTW. Spreadsheets for these products
indicated that the value zero was used  for monthly censored congener TEQs. To determine MLs in these
instances, EPA obtained their contract analytical laboratory sheets for each monthly analysis. ML values
from the laboratory sheets were entered into an electronic database for censored  data.

Once TEFs had been standardized and MLs were electronically available for the three POTWs, EPA
created three sets of TEQs by congener/aroclor for each POTW. The sets differed only by the values used
when data were censored.  Congeners or aroclors measured above the ML in a sample are treated
identically in all three sets of data.  That is, the measured concentration of the congener is multiplied by
the congener's TEF to yield the monthly congener TEQ.  In the first set, the value of the censored
congener's ML was multiplied by the congener's TEF to determine a TEQ. Estimates using this method
are labeled as "Nondetects set to ML". The second method set nondetected congener values to one-half
the ML. These estimates are labeled "1A ML." The final  set of TEQs set nondetected congeners/aroclors
to zero. Total monthly TEQs for each facility were then determined by summing the congener/aroclor
TEQs for that month. This method is described in Section IIIB of this report.

VIC.  SELF-MONITORING SUMMARY STATISTICS—DIOXINS, FURANS, AND DIOXIN-LIKE
       PCB Toxic EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES

In order to evaluate performance across the three POTWs, in this section of the report we present total
TEQ estimates first for total dioxins and furans, then for total dioxin-like PCBs,  and finally for total
dioxin/furan and dioxin-like PCBs TEQs. Within each set of total estimates, we tabulate mean, median,

                                             19

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maximum, and upper percentile estimates of TEQs for the three POTWs. The tables presenting the data
are grouped by the method designating the values used for nondetected or censored data. These statistics
were generated arithmetically.  Graphical presentations augment each table.

Total Dioxin and Fur an TEQs

Tables 9 though 11 present summary statistics for total dioxin and furan TEQs for each of the three
POTWs.  Table 9 reports TEQ  statistics when nondetected data have been set to zero. In that instance, the
nondetected or censored congener/aroclor does not add to the TEQ. Table 10 presents estimates that
incorporate one-half the ML value for those congeners not measured in a sample. Finally, estimates that
use the ML value for censored  data are tabulated in Table 11.

Consistently, POTW_l's statistics exceed those of the other two POTWs. In particular, Table 9 shows a
maximum value for POTW_1 approximately four-fold higher than that of the other POTWs. In Table 9,
only detected congeners or aroclors contribute to the TEQ as the value zero is used  for censored data.
The maximum value for the scenario where zero is substituted for the concentration when a congener or
aroclor is not measured above the ML occurred in November 1992. That maximum value was
predominantly caused by a high measured value for OCDD.  For  POTW_1, all values from March 1992
through May 1993 report total  dioxin and furan TEQs of 100 ppt  or greater.  Four exceed 200 ppt.
POTW_1 reported total dioxin  and furan TEQs of 100 or more in only in 3 months  out of 75 months (4
percent) after May 1993. These occurred in July 1993 (133 ppt),  November 1994 (107ppt), and May
1995 (174 ppt). After May 1995, the highest total dioxin and furan TEQ observed  for the scenario of
entering zero for censored values is 77 ppt.  This is more in range with the maximum TEQs observed by
the other POTWs.

Tables 10 and 11 illustrate the same pattern as Table 9. When the ML is used for those congeners that are
not measured above the ML, the maximum TEQ recorded by POTW_1 is 325 ppt.  This TEQ occurred in
November 1994, and was caused  by a high measured value of OCDD.  The November 1994 POTW_1
record is the only occurrence of total dioxin and furan TEQs  exceeding the proposed limit of 300 ppt.

Total Dioxin-Like PCB TEQs

POTW_1 did not report dioxin-like PCBs. Tables 12, 13, and 14 record descriptive statistics for two
POTWs.  The highest observed TEQ when nondetected aroclors are set to zero occurs in Agri-Life. This
value was measured in April 2000. A majority of the aroclors were measured above the ML in this
sample. When the ML values are substituted for aroclors not measured above the ML, the maximum
TEQ occurs at 45 ppt. This measurement was reported by Agri-Life in October 2001. The  TEQ value for
this sample, when zero was substituted from those aroclors not measured above the  ML, is 2.5.  This
difference in TEQs from the same sample indicates that the majority of aroclors were not measured above
the ML.

As Tables 12 through 14 suggest  and the accompanying graphics illustrate, dioxin-like PCB TEQs are
fairly consistent over time.  Milorganite displayed the least variation in TEQs while Agri-Life's variation
in TEQs was the highest among the three POTWs.
                                             20

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Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-Like PCB TEQs

The maximum observed total TEQ occurs in November 1994. This value of 325 ppt is based on only
dioxin and furan TEQs, since POTW_1 did not report dioxin-like PCBs. For the other two POTWs, most
other total TEQ descriptive statistics are less than 100 ppt. After 1995, POTW_l's total TEQs are similar
to those reported by the other three POTWs. All three POTWs reported total TEQs that would require
them to monitor.
                                            21

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TABLE 9: Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs
    Nondetected Values Set to Zero
METHOD
ESTIMATE
MEAN
STD. DEV.
MAXIMUM
99™ %
98™ %
95™ %
90™ %
50™ %
POTW 1

62.2
59.1
265.0
250.00
240.0
189.0
152.0
39.5
POTW 2

13.7
11.5
44.1
41.7
39.3
33.5
30.2
9.39
MlLORGANITE

17.9
16.3
65.6
62.4
59.3
49.8
32.4
14.4
AGRI-LIFE

13.5
9.73
26.7
26.6
26.5
26.3
25.9
9.88
                 22

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                   TOTAL DIOXIN and FURAN TEQs Over Time

                            NonDetected Values set to ZERO
O
LU
     700 -
     600 -
     500 -
     400 -
     300 -
     200 -
     100 -
       0 -
                                       100
                                        0 '
                                                       1/00
                                                                      1/01
          1/92
                  1/93
                         1/94
                                1/95
                                        1/96
                                               1/97
                                                      1/98
                                                              1/99
                                                                     1/00
                                                                             1/01
                                                                                    1/02
                                                                    — + POTW 2
                                        Year
   • — • Agri-Life         • — • Milorganite      A — A POTWJ
Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.
Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only.  Beginning February 2000,
POTW 2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
                                              23

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TABLE 10: Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs
    Nondetected Values Set to Vz ML
METHOD
ESTIMATE
MEAN
STD. DEV.
MAXIMUM
99™ %
98™ %
95™ %
90™ %
50™ %
POTW_1

69.0
58.6
265.0
250.0
240.0
208.0
157.0
46.1
POTW_2

15.4
11.0
47.3
44.2
41.2
33.9
30.9
11.6
MlLORGANITE

19.6
16.5
69.6
66.1
62.7
52.2
33.6
15.2
AGRI-LIFE

28.3
14.5
50.5
49.4
48.2
44.9
41.3
23.8
                 24

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                   TOTAL DIOXIN and FURAN TEQs Over Time

                            NonDetected Values set to 1/2 ML
O
LU
     700 -
     600 -
     500 -
     400 -
     300 -
     200 -
     100 -
       0 -
                                        100 •
                                         0 •
                                                        1/00
                                                                       1/01
          1/92
                  1/93
                         1/94
                                 1/95
                                        1/96
                                                1/97
                                                       1/98
                                                               1/99
                                                                      1/00
                                                                              1/01
                                                                                     1/02
                                                • — A  POTW 1
' — «• POTW 2
                                         Year
   • — • Agri-Life        • — • Milorganite
Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.
Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,
POTW 2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
                                              25

-------
TABLE 11: Total Dioxin and Furan TEQs
     Nondetected Values Set to ML
METHOD
ESTIMATE
MEAN
STD. DEV.
MAXIMUM
99™ %
98™ %
95™ %
90™ %
50™ %
POTW_1

75.7
60.9
325.0
271.0
252.0
209.0
157.0
53.3
POTW_2

17.2
11.0
50.5
46.8
43.1
34.4
31.7
12.4
MlLORGANITE

21.4
16.8
73.6
69.8
66.0
54.7
34.8
17.1
AGRI-LIFE

43.2
24.7
95.7
92.6
89.5
80.3
68.8
38.3
                 26

-------
                   TOTAL DIOXIN and FURAN TEQs Over Time

                              NonDetected Values set to ML
O
LU
     700 -
     600 -
     500 -
     400 -
     300 -
     200 -
     100 -
       0 -
          1/92
                  1/93
                         1/94
                                1/95
                                        1/96
                                               1/97
                                                       1/98
                                                              1/99
                                                                     1/00
                                                                             1/01
                                                                                    1/02
                                                                    ' — «• POTW 2
                                         Year
   • — • Agri-Life         • — • Milorganite       A — A POTWJ
Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.
Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,
POTW 2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
                                             27

-------
                                         TABLE 12: Total Dioxin-like PCB TEQs
                                             Non detected Values Set to Zero
METHOD
ESTIMATE
MEAN
STD. DEV.
MAXIMUM
99™ %
98™ %
95™ %
90™ %
50™ %
POTW_2

4.34
3.35
10.7
10.2
9.72
8.18
7.71
5.03
MlLORGANITE

6.04
2.19
10.3
9.98
9.65
8.67
8.29
6.15
AGRI-LIFE

8.7
7.85
25.3
24.5
23.7
21.4
18.1
4.62
No PCB data exists for POTW 1
                                                         28

-------
                    TOTAL DIOXIN-LIKE PCB TEQs Over Time

                            NonDetected Values set to ZERO
O
LU
     700 -
     600 -
     500 -
     400 -
     300 -
     200 -
     100 -
       0 -
                                       100 •
                                         o •
                                                        1/00
                                                                       1/01
          1/92
                  1/93
                         1/94
                                 1/95
                                        1/96
                                               1/97
                                                       1/98
                                                              1/99
                                                                      1/00
                                                                             1/01
                                                                                     1/02
                                                                    ' — «• POTW 2
                                         Year
   • — • Agri-Life        • — • Milorganite       A — A POTWJ
Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.
Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,
POTW 2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
                                              29

-------
                                        TABLE 13: Total Dioxin-like PCB TEQs
                                            Nondetected Values Set to Vz ML
METHOD
ESTIMATE
MEAN
STD. DEV.
MAXIMUM
99™ %
98™ %
95™ %
90™ %
50™ %
POTW_2

6.53
4.18
18.6
17.3
16.0
12.2
10.8
5.91
MlLORGANITE

6.42
1.74
10.5
10.2
9.82
8.73
8.36
6.18
AGRI-LIFE

11.3
8.19
25.5
25.2
25.0
24.3
22.2
10.9
No PCB data exists for POTW 1
                                                         30

-------
                     TOTAL DIOXIN-LIKE PCB TEQs Over Time

                             NonDetected Values set to 1/2 ML
O
LU
     700 -
     600 -
     500 -
     400 -
     300 -
     200 -
     100 -
       0 -
                                        100 •
                                         0 •
                                                        1/00
                                                                       1/01
          1/92
                  1/93
                         1/94
                                 1/95
                                        1/96
                                                1/97
                                                        1/98
                                                               1/99
                                                                       1/00
                                                                              1/01
                                                                                      1/02
                                                                     ' — «• POTW 2
                                         Year
   • — • Agri-Life        • — • Milorganite      A — A POTWJ
Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.
Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only.  Beginning February 2000,
POTW 2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
                                              31

-------
                                        TABLE 14: Total Dioxin-like PCB TEQs
                                             Nondetected Values Set to ML
METHOD
ESTIMATE
MEAN
STD. DEV.
MAXIMUM
99™ %
98™ %
95™ %
90™ %
50™ %
POTW_2

8.73
7.93
35.2
32.7
30.3
22.9
14.2
5.95
MlLORGANITE

6.8
1.6
10.8
10.4
9.99
8.8
8.43
6.56
AGRI-LIFE

13.9
11.9
45.0
42.3
39.6
31.5
24.7
11.0
No PCB data exists for POTW 1
                                                        32

-------
                     TOTAL DIOXIN-LIKE PCB TEQs Over Time

                               NonDetected Values set to ML
O
LU
     700 -
     600 -
     500 -
     400 -
     300 -
     200 -
     100 -
       0 -
                                        100 •
                                         o •
                                                        1/00
                                                                       1/01
          1/92
                  1/93
                         1/94
                                 1/95
                                        1/96
                                                1/97
                                                       1/98
                                                               1/99
                                                                      1/00
                                                                              1/01
                                                                                     1/02
                                                                     ' — «• POTW 2
                                         Year
   • — • Agri-Life        • — • Milorganite      A — A  POTWJ
Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.
Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only.  Beginning February 2000,
POTW 2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
                                              33

-------
TABLE 15: Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-like PCB TEQs
             Nondetected Values Set to Zero
METHOD
ESTIMATE
MEAN
STD. DEV.
MAXIMUM
99™ %
98™ %
95™ %
90™ %
50™ %
POTW_1

62.2
59.1
265.0
250.0
240.0
189.0
152.0
39.5
POTW_2

16.8
13.2
44.8
43.6
42.4
39.7
38.8
14.0
MlLORGANITE

23.9
16.7
71.3
68.6
65.9
57.7
39.6
19.5
AGRI-LIFE

22.2
14.1
44.6
44.2
43.9
42.9
39.8
22.4
                         34

-------
       TOTAL DIOXIN, FURAN and DIOXIN-LIKE PCB TEQs Over Time

                            NonDetected Values set to ZERO
a
LU
     700 -
     600 -
     500 -
     400 -
     300 -
     200 -
     100 -
      0 -
                                      100 •
                                       0 •
                                                      1/00
                                                                    1/01
          1/92
                 1/93
                        1/94
                               1/95
                                       1/96
                                              1/97
                                                     1/98
                                                            1/99
                                                                   1/00
                                                                           1/01
                                                                                  1/02
                                              • — A  POTW 1
' — «• POTW 2
                                       Year
   • — • Agri-Life        • — • Milorganite
Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.
Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,
POTW 2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
                                            35

-------
TABLE 16: Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-like PCB TEQs
            Nondetected Values Set to Vz ML
METHOD
ESTIMATE
MEAN
STD. DEV.
MAXIMUM
99™ %
98™ %
95™ %
90™ %
50™ %
POTW_1

69.0
58.6
265.0
250.0
240.0
208.0
157.0
46.1
POTW_2

20.1
14.0
58.0
54.0
50.1
41.2
39.6
15.5
MlLORGANITE

26.1
16.8
75.4
72.3
69.3
60.2
40.8
21.6
AGRI-LIFE

39.7
21.2
76.0
73.8
71.6
65.1
59.8
35.4
                         36

-------
      TOTAL DIOXIN,  FURAN and DIOXIN-LIKE PCB TEQs Over Time

                         NonDetected Values set to  1/2 ML
O
LU
     700 -
     600-
     500 -
     400-
     300 -
     200 -
     100 -
      0 -
                                   100 •
                                    0 •
                                                 1/00
                                                              1/01
         1/92
                1/93
                      1/94
                             1/95
                                   1/96
                                          1/97
                                                1/98
                                                       1/99
                                                             1/00
                                                                    1/01
                                                                          1/02
                                                            — *  POTW 2
                                    Year
  • —• Agri-Life       • — • Milorganite     A —A poiWJ
Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.
Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only.  Beginning February 2000,
POTW 2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
                                            37

-------
TABLE 17: Total Dioxin, Furan and Dioxin-like PCB TEQs
             Nondetected Values Set to ML
METHOD
ESTIMATE
MEAN
STD. DEV.
MAXIMUM
99™ %
98™ %
95™ %
90™ %
50™ %
POTW_1

75.7
60.9
325.0
271.0
252.0
209.0
157.0
53.3
POTW_2

23.4
16.0
71.3
67.4
63.5
52.7
42.4
18.1
MlLORGANITE

28.2
17.0
79.4
76.0
72.7
62.7
42.0
23.1
AGRI-LIFE

57.1
32.3
121.0
117.0
113.0
101.0
88.8
48.5
                         38

-------
       TOTAL DIOXIN, FURAN and DIOXIN-LIKE PCB TEQs Over Time

                             NonDetected Values set to ML
O
LU
     700 -
     600 -
     500 -
     400 -
     300 -
     200 -
     100 -
      0 -
          1/92
                 1/93
                        1/94
                               1/95
                                       1/96
                                              1/97
                                                     1/98
                                                            1/99
                                                                   1/00
                                                                           1/01
                                                                                  1/02
                                                                  ' — «• POTW 2
                                       Year
   • — • Agri-Life        • — • Milorganite      A — A  POTWJ
Notes: TEQs incorporate WHO-98 Toxic Equivalent Factors.
Total TEQs for POTW_1 are TOTAL Dioxin and Furan TEQs only. Beginning February 2000,
POTW 2's TEQs include Dioxin-like PCBs in addition to Dioxin and Furan TEQs.
                                            39

-------

-------
APPENDIX A: NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES
FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
Exhibit 1—Nondetects Set to Zero
     Dioxin and Furans 	 A-l
     PCBs 	 A-2
     Totals	 A-9

Exhibit 2—Nondetects Set to One-half ML
     Dioxin and Furans	A-10
     PCBs	A-ll
     Totals  	A-18

Exhibit 3—Nondetects set to ML
     Dioxin and Furans	A-19
     PCBs	A-20
     Totals  	A-27
                                   41

-------
EXHIBIT 1  :  NATIONAL  POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES  FROM  THE  2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                        Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure-Nondetects  Set  to  zero
                                                           group=Dioxins and Furans
                 Pollutant
                                          Unit
                                                Sample
                                                 Size
Percent
Detect
Standard
Deviation
Observed
Maximum
   99th
Percentile
   98th
Percentile
   95th
Percentile
   90th
Percentile
                                                                                                                                         Median
                                         NG/KG
  1,2
       .4,6,7,8-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
                                                                     99
  1,2
       .4,7,8,9-HEPTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
      ,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
                                                                     99
                                                                                           124.00
  1,2, ,4,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
  1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
  1,2,3,6,7,8-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
  1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
  1,2,3,7,8,9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
  1,2,3,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
                                                                     93
                                                                                           189.00
  2,3,4,7,8-PENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
  2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
                                                                     99
                                                                                           47.20
  OCTACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
  OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
                                                                        A-l

-------
EXHIBIT 1  :  NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE SURVEY
                       Nonparametrie Substitution  Method Estimation Procedure  -Nondetects  Set to  zero
                                                                  group=PCBs
                 Pollutant
                                           Unit
                                                 Sample
                                                  Size
                       Percent
                       Detect
Standard
Deviation
Observed
Maximum
   99th
Percentile
   98th
Percentile
   95th
Percentile
   90th
Percentile
                                                                                                                                          Median
  DECACHLORO BIPHENYL
  PCB-

  PCB-
  PCB-104

  PCB-105

  PCB-106

  PCB-107+PCB-124

  PCB-109

  PCB-11

  PCB-110+PCB-115

  PCB-111

  PCB-112

  PCB-114

  PCB-118

  PCB-12+PCB-13

  PCB-120

  PCB-121

  PCB-122

  PCB-123

  PCB-126

  PCB-127

  PCB-128+PCB-166

  PCB-129+PCB-138+PCB-160+PCB-163

  PCB-130

  PCB-131
             94
             94
             94
                           100
             94
NG/KG
             94
             94
             94
             94
             94
                           100
NG/KG
             94
                                                                       A-2

-------
EXHIBIT 1  :  NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE  ESTIMATES FROM  THE  2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE  SURVEY
                       Nonparametrie  Substitution  Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to  zero
                                                                 group=PCBs
                                                                 (continued)
                  Pollutant
                                                Sample
                                                Size
                                                           Percent
                                                           Detect
Standard
Deviation
Observed
Max imum
   99th
Percentile
   98th
Percentile
   95th
Percentile
   90th
Percentile
   PCB-

   PCB-
   PCB-134+PCB-143

   PCB-135+PCB-151+PCB-154

   PCB-136

   PCB-137

   PCB-139+PCB-140

   PCB-14

   PCB-

   PCB-

   PCB-

   PCB-

   PCB-146

   PCB-147+PCB-149

   PCB-148

   PCB-15

   PCB-150

   PCB-152

   PCB-153+PCB-168

   PCB-155

   PCB-156+PCB-157

   PCB-158

   PCB-159

   PCB-16

   PCB-161
'CB-141
'CB-144
'CB-14:
                                                                              4.74
                                                                98
                                                                      A-3

-------
EXHIBIT 1  :  NATIONAL  POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE  2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                       Nonparametrie Substitution Method  Estimation Procedure  -Nondetects Set to  zero
                                                                 group=PCBs
                                                                 (continued)
                    Pollutant
                                Unit
                                      Sample
                                       Size
                                   Percent
                                   Detect
 Standard
Deviation
Observed
Maximum
   99th
Percentile
   98th
Percentile
   95th
Percentile
   90th
Percentile
                                                                                                                           Median
                 PCB-

                 PCB-

                 PCB-

                 PCB-

                 PCB-170

                 PCB-171+PCB-173

                 PCB-172

                 PCB-174

                 PCB-175

                 PCB-176

                 PCB-177

                 PCB-178

                 ?CB-179

                 PCB-18+PCB-30

                 PCB-180+PCB-193

                 PCB-181

                 PCB-182

                 PCB-183+PCB-185

                 PCB-184

                 PCB-186

                 PCB-187

                 PCB-188

                 PCB-189
'CB-17
                                                                     A-4

-------
EXHIBIT  1  :  NATIONAL POLLUTANT  CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE  SURVEY
                      Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation  Procedure -Nondetects Set  to zero
                                                             group=PCBs
                                                             (continued)
                Pollutant
                            Unit
                                 Sample
                                  Size
Percent
Detect
Standard
Deviation
Observed
Maximum
  99th
Percentile
  98th
Percentile
  95th
Percentile
  90th
Percentile
                                                                                                                 Median
                                                    99
             PCB-197+PCB-200
                                                    99
                                                                 A-5

-------
EXHIBIT 1  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                   Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to zero
                                                     group=PCBs
                                                     (continued)
EOLLUTANT
ECB-26+ECB-29
ECB-27
ECB-3
ECB-31
ECB-32
ECB-34
ECB-35
ECB-36
ECB-37
ECB-38
ECB-39
ECB-4
ECB-40+ECB-41+ECB-71
ECB-4 2
ECB-4 3
ECB-44+ECB-47+ECB-65
ECB-45+ECB-51
ECB-4 6
ECB-4 8
ECB-4 9+ECB-69
ECB-5
ECB-50+ECB-53
ECB-52
ECB-54
ECB-55
UNIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
EERCENT
DETECT
100
100
99
100
100
74
100
100
100
36
99
96
100
100
96
100
100
100
100
100
66
100
100
91
77
MEAN
641.00
202.00
118.00
3840.00
882.00
12.40
242.00
66.00
1430.00
3.93
30.10
447.00
3560.00
1870.00
223.00
7180.00
998.00
349.00
1060.00
4270.00
18.00
786.00
9640.00
14.40
50.90
STANDARD
DEVIATION
1010.00
304.00
227.00
5720.00
1420.00
23.00
1200.00
52.00
2430.00
13.00
48.80
1230.00
7690.00
4210.00
392.00
14300.00
1760.00
641.00
1870.00
8670.00
48.70
1480.00
15700.00
71.30
67.60
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
8170.00
2140.00
3670.00
46100.00
10400.00
196.00
44500.00
523.00
12200.00
124.00
255.00
13700.00
41400.00
22700.00
1860.00
76300.00
9960.00
3180.00
9110.00
46200.00
492.00
7240.00
81200.00
2980.00
387.00
99TH
EERCENTILE
3770.00
1630.00
643.00
17900.00
4710.00
95.40
727.00
176.00
11500.00
57.30
234.00
5030.00
35200.00
19200.00
1850.00
65100.00
8290.00
3140.00
9010.00
39500.00
216.00
7010.00
71900.00
86.90
232.00
98TH
EERCENTILE
3060.00
915.00
616.00
16100.00
4640.00
90.70
532.00
173.00
10800.00
48.60
230.00
2300.00
29100.00
15600.00
1830.00
53900.00
8280.00
3090.00
8910.00
32800.00
75.10
6770.00
62600.00
83.50
225.00
95TH
EERCENTILE
2210.00
902.00
502.00
13400.00
3880.00
47.90
434.00
155.00
4900.00
21.70
103.00
1530.00
12500.00
7100.00
1080.00
26300.00
3870.00
1440.00
3920.00
15900.00
67.00
3720.00
33700.00
62.60
195.00
90TH
EERCENTILE
1670.00
564.00
383.00
12800.00
2530.00
24.70
396.00
144.00
3520.00
5.40
53.80
1020.00
6640.00
2960.00
419.00
11200.00
2420.00
782.00
2540.00
6110.00
44.50
1320.00
16200.00
27.30
136.00
MEDIAN
303.00
117.00
28.90
1900.00
458.00
5.72
179.00
49.80
699.00
0.00
15.20
149.00
1390.00
680.00
92.60
2890.00
391.00
143.00
450.00
1780.00
2.77
304.00
4750.00
4.49
22.00
                                                         A-6

-------
EXHIBIT 1  :  NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION  PERCENTILE ESTIMATES  FROM THE 2001  NATIONAL  SEWAGE  SLUDGE SURVEY
                       Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure  -Nondetects  Set  to zero
                                                                 group=PCBs
                                                                 (continued)
                  Pollutant
                                    Unit
                                          Sample
                                           Size
Percent
Detect
Standard
Deviation
Observed
Maximum
   99th
Percentile
   98th
Percentile
   95th
Percentile
   90th
Percentile
                                                                                                                               Median
                                                              71
          PCB-58

          PCB-59+PCB-62+PCB-75

          PCB-6

          PCB-60

          PCB-61+PCB-70+PCB-74+PC:

          PCB-63

          PCB-64

          PCB-66

          PCB-67

          PCB-68

          ?CB-7

          PCB-72

          ?CB-73

          PCB-77

          PCB-78

          PCB-79

          PCB-8

          PCB-80

          PCB-81

          PCB-82

          ?CB-83+PCB-99

          PCB-84

          PCB-85+PCB-116+PCB-117
     99
     93
                                                                     A-7

-------
EXHIBIT 1  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                   Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to zero
                                                     group=PCBs
                                                     (continued)
EOLLUTANT
ECB-86+ECB-87+ECB-97+ECB-108+ECB-119+ECB-125
ECB-88+ECB-91
ECB-89
ECB-9
ECB-90+ECB-101+ECB-113
ECB-92
ECB-93+ECB-95+ECB-98+ECB-100+ECB-102
ECB-94
ECB-96
UNIT
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
EERCENT
DETECT
100
100
99
96
100
100
100
93
99
MEAN
8200.00
1440.00
130.00
60.00
11300.00
1980.00
8940.00
53.30
72.10
STANDARD
DEVIATION
11200.00
1960.00
259.00
156.00
14100.00
2270.00
10700.00
90.90
107.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
60300.00
10500.00
1450.00
1600.00
71600.00
13700.00
53600.00
1370.00
643.00
99TH
EERCENTILE
52500.00
9650.00
1220.00
594.00
69300.00
10300.00
52900.00
381.00
544.00
98TH
EERCENTILE
44800.00
8800.00
982.00
275.00
67000.00
9330.00
52200.00
359.00
520.00
95TH
EERCENTILE
19500.00
3350.00
303.00
255.00
27900.00
4930.00
21800.00
131.00
167.00
90TH
EERCENTILE
15300.00
2870.00
202.00
105.00
25700.00
4450.00
18900.00
87.20
133.00
MEDIAN
4580.00
774.00
64.10
17.20
6590.00
1230.00
5290.00
29.70
39.60
                                                         A-8

-------
EXHIBIT 1  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES  FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                   Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects  Set to zero
                                                   group=TOTALS
EOLLUTANT
PCBA
PCBB
TOTAL DICHLORO BIEHENYLS
TOTAL HEETACHLORO BIEHENYLS
TOTAL HEXACHLORO BIEHENYLS
TOTAL MONOCHLORO BIEHENYLS
TOTAL NONACHLORO BIEHENYLS
TOTAL OCTACHLORO BIEHENYLS
TOTAL ECBS
TOTAL EENTACHLORO BIEHENYLS
TOTAL TETRACHLORO BIEHENYLS
TOTAL TRICHLORO BIEHENYLS
DIOXINSA
DIOXINSB
UHIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
EERCENT
DETECT
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
0
100
MEAN
249000.00
249000.00
14200.00
20000.00
50700.00
275.00
1590.00
6040.00
249000.00
74100.00
61000.00
19800.00
8320.00
8320.00
STANDARD
DEVIATION
478000.00
478000.00
338000.00
28000.00
58000.00
1190.00
2190.00
7340.00
478000.00
97100.00
125000.00
30400.00
45000.00
45000.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
18400000.00
18400000.00
17500000.00
376000.00
516000.00
32500.00
11800.00
92900.00
18400000.00
516000.00
681000.00
244000.00
525000.00
525000.00
99TH
EERCENTILE
1660000.00
1660000.00
61500.00
108000.00
243000.00
2010.00
10900.00
28900.00
1660000.00
457000.00
576000.00
100000.00
37200.00
37200.00
98TH
EERCENTILE
1630000.00
1630000.00
26500.00
102000.00
217000.00
938.00
9910.00
28000.00
1630000.00
399000.00
472000.00
84800.00
15300.00
15300.00
95TH
EERCENTILE
520000.00
520000.00
12400.00
69400.00
153000.00
903.00
4330.00
18200.00
520000.00
174000.00
213000.00
76900.00
9100.00
9100.00
90TH
EERCENTILE
498000.00
498000.00
7040.00
35000.00
122000.00
672.00
2720.00
15000.00
498000.00
146000.00
92300.00
61100.00
8890.00
8890.00
MEDIAN
131000.00
131000.00
2860.00
13000.00
30500.00
81.70
888.00
3820.00
131000.00
42100.00
24800.00
9530.00
3350.00
3350.00
                                                        A-9

-------
EXHIBIT 2  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE SURVEY
                   Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects  Set to H ML
                                              group=Dioxins and Furans
POLLUTANT
1,2,3,4,6,7,8 -HEETACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,4,6,7,8 -HEETACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,7 ,8 ,9-HEETACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

1,2,3,4,7,8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN

1,2,3,4,7,8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

1,2,3,6,7,8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN

1,2,3,6,7,8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,7,8,9 -HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,7,8,9 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,7,8 -EENTACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1 , 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 -EENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,4,6,7,8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 -EENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,7,8 -TETRACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
2,3,7,8 -TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
OCTACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
UNIT
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG

TO/KG

TO/KG

TO/KG

TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG

TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94

94

94

94

94
94
94
94
94
94

94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857
6857

6857

6857

6857

6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857

6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
EERCENT
DETECT
100
99
100

99

96

100

100
100
20
100
93
100

100
99
100
100
100
MEAN
492.00
167.00
9.13

3.61

5.53

21.30

5.21
11.80
0.84
5.76
1.51
6.03

2.61
1.42
3.11
6780.00
802.00
STANDARD
DEVIATION
2060.00
551.00
58.30

6.87

20.70

35.00

25.20
19.80
2.51
5.69
7.28
38.70

17.70
1.50
3.93
39100.00
3890.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
24100.00
5150.00
655.00

124.00

500.00

369.00

618.00
332.00
54.40
92.00
189.00
974.00

463.00
47.20
79.70
457000.00
37800.00
99TH
EERCENTILE
1520.00
3410.00
54.90

16.20

36.60

131.00

24.10
52.80
4.12
14.60
6.71
31.10

7.61
5.09
10.60
14300.00
19000.00
98TH
EERCENTILE
1030.00
351.00
19.20

9.80

15.30

66.00

13.90
35.70
2.73
13.10
4.05
12.60

7.26
4.86
10.50
12800.00
1910.00
95TH
EERCENTILE
743.00
231.00
8.73

8.02

10.10

43.90

8.37
22.80
1.72
12.00
3.04
8.19

5.91
3.37
7.87
7790.00
753.00
90TH
EERCENTILE
656.00
170.00
6.94

6.46

8.73

41.30

8.07
21.20
1.10
11.10
2.61
7.81

3.97
2.38
5.70
7510.00
554.00
MEDIAN
273.00
88.20
2.80

2.22

3.36

15.10

2.60
7.49
0.50
4.57
1.00
2.80

1.50
1.10
2.30
2730.00
279.00
                                                        A-10

-------
EXHIBIT 2  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE SURVEY
                   Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects  Set to H ML
                                                     group=PCBs
POLLUTANT
DECACHLORO BIEHENYL
PCB-1
PCB-10
PCB-103
PCB-104
PCB-105
PCB-106
PCB-107+PCB-124
PCB-109
PCB-11
PCB-110+PCB-115
PCB-111
PCB-112
PCB-114
PCB-118
PCB-12+PCB-13
PCB-120
PCB-121
PCB-122
PCB-123
PCB-126
PCB-127
PCB-128+PCB-166
PCB-129+PCB-138+PCB-160+PCB-163
PCB-130
PCB-131
UNIT
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
POTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT
DETECT
100
95
85
98
9
100
0
100
100
97
100
2
0
100
100
100
65
25
99
100
49
80
100
100
100
100
MEAN
862.00
101.00
21.60
60.10
31.50
4570.00
3.28
411.00
687.00
11400.00
12900.00
3.78
7.20
292.00
9870.00
149.00
13.40
7.73
141.00
313.00
73.30
22.40
1780.00
11900.00
694.00
168.00
STANDARD
DEVIATION
2260.00
521.00
53.20
159.00
46.60
7120.00
4.94
532.00
888.00
337000.00
17400.00
6.50
10.40
453.00
12200.00
220.00
29.50
12.70
256.00
386.00
117.00
23.60
2100.00
13800.00
763.00
182.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
12800.00
12700.00
722.00
3160.00
474.00
39200.00
24.50
2810.00
4700.00
17500000.00
93600.00
106.00
49.00
2500.00
63600.00
5000.00
575.00
166.00
1430.00
2140.00
503.00
241.00
10100.00
93800.00
4170.00
825.00
99TH
PERCENTILE
10000.00
1150.00
225.00
308.00
236.00
33800.00
23.20
2540.00
4310.00
6910.00
81600.00
24.40
46.30
2180.00
58200.00
1070.00
64.20
47.70
1210.00
1830.00
467.00
95.90
9430.00
63500.00
3530.00
821.00
98TH
PERCENTILE
7290.00
376.00
84.80
293.00
228.00
28300.00
21.80
2270.00
3920.00
6180.00
69700.00
24.30
43.70
1870.00
52800.00
589.00
63.60
45.00
984.00
1520.00
441.00
95.70
8770.00
62700.00
3410.00
817.00
95TH
PERCENTILE
1490.00
208.00
56.70
167.00
84.90
10800.00
18.20
1040.00
1720.00
3860.00
29000.00
20.00
40.00
677.00
24700.00
452.00
48.70
40.00
298.00
674.00
400.00
65.40
5460.00
34200.00
1880.00
502.00
90TH
PERCENTILE
927.00
174.00
40.60
101.00
41.50
8210.00
3.87
750.00
1270.00
3410.00
23800.00
8.29
15.20
536.00
19500.00
293.00
31.90
20.30
236.00
534.00
164.00
46.50
3630.00
30500.00
1520.00
357.00
MEDIAN
384.00
34.20
11.60
27.50
25.00
2270.00
2.50
223.00
388.00
1060.00
7330.00
2.50
5.00
154.00
5550.00
81.90
5.01
5.00
62.90
258.00
46.90
14.20
994.00
7000.00
399.00
101.00
                                                        A-ll

-------
EXHIBIT 2  :  NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES  FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE  SURVEY
                       Nonparametrie  Substitution Method  Estimation Procedure  -Nondetects  Set  to H ML
                                                                  group=PCBs
                                                                  (continued)
                  Pollutant
                                  Unit
                                        Sample
                                         Size
                                      Percent
                                      Detect
Standard
Deviation
Observed
Maximum
   99th
Percentile
   98th
Percentile
   95th
Percentile
   90th
Percentile
                                                                                                                               Median
                                            94
                 4+PCB-143
           PCB

           PCB

           PCB

           PCB

           PCB-139+PCB-140

           PCB-14

           PCB-141

           PCB-142

           PCB-144

           PCB-145

           PCB-146

           PCB-147+PCB-149

           PCB-148

           PCB-15

           PCB-150

           PCB-152

           PCB-153+PCB-168

           PCB-155

           PCB-156+PCB-157

           PCB-158

           PCB-159

           PCB-16

           PCB-161
                                            94
5+PCB-151+PCB-154
                            94
                            94
                            94
                            94
                            94
                            94
                            94
                            94
                            94
                            94
                            94
                                                                      A-12

-------
EXHIBIT 2  :  NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL  SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                       Nonparametrie  Substitution  Method Estimation Procedure  -Nondetects Set to ^2. ML
                                                                 group=PCBs
                                                                 (continued)
                   Pollutant
                                     Sample
                                      Size
                                   Percent
                                    Detect
Standard
Deviation
Observed
Maximum
   99th
Percentile
   98th
Percentile
   95th
Percentile
   90th
Percentile
                PCB-

                PCB-
                PCB-165

                PCB-167

                PCB-169

                PCB-17

                PCB-170

                PCB-171+PCB-173

                PCB-172

                PCB-

                PCB-

                PCB-176

                PCB-177

                PCB-178

                PCB-179

                PCB-18+PCB-30

                PCB-180+PCB-193

                PCB-181

                PCB-182

                PCB-183+PCB-185

                PCB-184

                PCB-186

                PCB-187

                PCB-188

                PCB-189
'CB-174
'CB-175
                                                                      A-13

-------
EXHIBIT 2  :  NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE  2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                     Nonparametrie  Substitution  Method Estimation Procedure  -Nondetects Set to H ML
                                                            group=PCBs
                                                            (continued)
                  Pollutant
                             Unit
                                   Sample
                                   Size
Percent
Detect
Standard
Deviation
Observed
Maximum
  99th
Percentile
  98th
Percentile
  95th
Percentile
  90th
Percentile
                                                                                                                 Median
                                                     99
                                                     99
                                                     93
                                                                A-14

-------
EXHIBIT 2  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                   Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to H ML
                                                     group=PCBs
                                                     (continued)
POLLUTANT
PCB-26+PCB-29
PCB-27
PCB-3
PCB-31
PCB-32
PCB-34
PCB-35
PCB-36
PCB-37
PCB-38
PCB-39
PCB-4
PCB-40+PCB-41+PCB-71
PCB-42
PCB-43
PCB-44+PCB-47+PCB-65
PCB-45+PCB-51
PCB-46
PCB-48
PCB-4 9+PCB-69
PCB-5
PCB-50+PCB-53
PCB-52
PCB-54
PCB-55
UNIT
flG/KG
3G/KG
3G/KG
3G/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
flG/KG
3G/KG
3G/KG
3G/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
3G/KG
3G/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
POTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT
DETECT
100
100
99
100
100
74
100
100
100
36
99
96
100
100
96
100
100
100
100
100
66
100
100
91
77
MEAN
641.00
202.00
119.00
3840.00
882.00
15.90
242.00
66.00
1430.00
6.47
30.80
447.00
3560.00
1870.00
224.00
7180.00
998.00
349.00
1060.00
4270.00
21.80
786.00
9640.00
15.40
52.90
STANDARD
DEVIATION
1010.00
304.00
227.00
5720.00
1420.00
23.40
1200.00
52.00
2430.00
13.30
48.60
1230.00
7690.00
4210.00
391.00
14300.00
1760.00
641.00
1870.00
8670.00
48.60
1480.00
15700.00
71.20
66.30
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
8170.00
2140.00
3670.00
46100.00
10400.00
196.00
44500.00
523.00
12200.00
124.00
255.00
13700.00
41400.00
22700.00
1860.00
76300.00
9960.00
3180.00
9110.00
46200.00
492.00
7240.00
81200.00
2980.00
387.00
99TH
PERCENTILE
3770.00
1630.00
643.00
17900.00
4710.00
95.40
727.00
176.00
11500.00
57.30
234.00
5030.00
35200.00
19200.00
1850.00
65100.00
8290.00
3140.00
9010.00
39500.00
216.00
7010.00
71900.00
86.90
232.00
98TH
PERCENTILE
3060.00
915.00
616.00
16100.00
4640.00
90.70
532.00
173.00
10800.00
48.60
230.00
2300.00
29100.00
15600.00
1830.00
53900.00
8280.00
3090.00
8910.00
32800.00
75.20
6770.00
62600.00
83.50
225.00
95TH
PERCENTILE
2210.00
902.00
502.00
13400.00
3880.00
49.20
434.00
155.00
4900.00
24.50
103.00
1530.00
12500.00
7100.00
1080.00
26300.00
3870.00
1440.00
3920.00
15900.00
69.40
3720.00
33700.00
62.60
195.00
90TH
PERCENTILE
1670.00
564.00
383.00
12800.00
2530.00
37.20
396.00
144.00
3520.00
11.20
53.80
1020.00
6640.00
2960.00
419.00
11200.00
2420.00
782.00
2540.00
6110.00
47.90
1320.00
16200.00
27.30
136.00
MEDIAN
303.00
117.00
30.80
1900.00
458.00
6.69
179.00
49.80
699.00
2.50
15.50
149.00
1390.00
680.00
92.60
2890.00
391.00
143.00
450.00
1780.00
5.00
304.00
4750.00
4.56
29.70
                                                        A-15

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EXHIBIT 2  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                   Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to H ML
                                                     group=PCBs
                                                     (continued)
POLLUTANT
PCB-56
PCB-57
PCB-58
PCB-59+PCB-62+PCB-75
PCB-6
PCB-60
PCB-61+PCB-70+PCB-74+PCB-76
PCB-63
PCB-64
PCB-66
PCB-67
PCB-68
PCB-7
PCB-72
PCB-73
PCB-77
PCB-78
PCB-79
PCB-8
PCB-80
PCB-81
PCB-82
PCB-83+PCB-99
PCB-84
PCB-85+PCB-116+PCB-117
UNIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
POTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT
DETECT
100
71
45
100
92
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
97
86
4
100
32
100
93
18
100
100
100
100
100
MEAN
3440.00
20.70
14.20
548.00
182.00
1720.00
12700.00
268.00
3280.00
7610.00
146.00
50.90
59.30
37.00
6.55
824.00
8.77
131.00
697.00
7.27
199.00
1420.00
6270.00
2920.00
2020.00
STANDARD
DEVIATION
9470.00
31.90
25.60
1100.00
473.00
4310.00
23800.00
549.00
6890.00
20400.00
241.00
404.00
359.00
70.80
14.20
2480.00
11.10
183.00
2260.00
10.70
354.00
2310.00
8630.00
3610.00
3120.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
52800.00
175.00
128.00
5860.00
4910.00
24000.00
129000.00
2960.00
37400.00
113000.00
1220.00
10600.00
9120.00
363.00
371.00
23200.00
120.00
981.00
24600.00
63.10
1980.00
12800.00
46500.00
18900.00
17100.00
99TH
PERCENTILE
41900.00
140.00
108.00
5100.00
1970.00
19400.00
111000.00
2530.00
31400.00
89500.00
1160.00
164.00
441.00
357.00
47.30
10700.00
47.10
880.00
8750.00
48.70
1620.00
10800.00
41700.00
16800.00
14500.00
98TH
PERCENTILE
30900.00
134.00
88.20
4340.00
689.00
14800.00
93800.00
2090.00
25500.00
65900.00
1100.00
159.00
113.00
351.00
44.60
7790.00
44.40
778.00
2660.00
48.30
1260.00
8820.00
36900.00
14600.00
12000.00
95TH
PERCENTILE
9330.00
92.80
55.20
2160.00
644.00
4600.00
41700.00
1060.00
12100.00
25300.00
526.00
108.00
161.00
157.00
18.70
1910.00
40.00
322.00
1960.00
40.00
399.00
3220.00
13800.00
7440.00
4480.00
90TH
PERCENTILE
4640.00
46.30
43.00
945.00
371.00
2820.00
19100.00
397.00
5020.00
8620.00
316.00
71.70
87.00
54.40
6.88
828.00
15.40
243.00
1630.00
8.18
375.00
2590.00
11500.00
5280.00
3490.00
MEDIAN
1170.00
8.21
5.00
223.00
54.20
577.00
5580.00
110.00
1350.00
2390.00
64.50
25.80
19.50
10.60
5.00
228.00
5.00
69.50
185.00
5.00
100.00
722.00
3370.00
1700.00
1020.00
                                                        A-16

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EXHIBIT 2  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                   Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to H ML
                                                     group=PCBs
                                                     (continued)
POLLUTANT
ECB-86+ECB-87+ECB-97+ECB-108+ECB-119+ECB-125
ECB-88+ECB-91
ECB-89
ECB-9
ECB-90+ECB-101+ECB-113
ECB-92
ECB-93+ECB-95+ECB-98+ECB-100+ECB-102
ECB-94
ECB-96
UNIT
TO/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
3G/KG
3G/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
EERCENT
DETECT
100
100
99
96
100
100
100
93
99
MEAN
8200.00
1440.00
131.00
60.10
11300.00
1980.00
8940.00
53.90
72.10
STANDARD
DEVIATION
11200.00
1960.00
259.00
156.00
14100.00
2270.00
10700.00
90.60
107.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
60300.00
10500.00
1450.00
1600.00
71600.00
13700.00
53600.00
1370.00
643.00
99TH
EERCENTILE
52500.00
9650.00
1220.00
594.00
69300.00
10300.00
52900.00
381.00
544.00
98TH
EERCENTILE
44800.00
8800.00
982.00
275.00
67000.00
9330.00
52200.00
359.00
520.00
95TH
EERCENTILE
19500.00
3350.00
303.00
255.00
27900.00
4930.00
21800.00
131.00
167.00
90TH
EERCENTILE
15300.00
2870.00
202.00
105.00
25700.00
4450.00
18900.00
87.20
133.00
MEDIAN
4580.00
774.00
64.10
17.20
6590.00
1230.00
5290.00
29.80
39.60
                                                        A-17

-------
EXHIBIT 2  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE SURVEY
                   Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects  Set to H ML
                                                    group=TOTALS
POLLUTANT
PCBA
PCBB
TOTAL DICHLORO BIPHENYLS
TOTAL HEPTACHLORO BIPHENYLS
TOTAL HEXACHLORO BIPHENYLS
TOTAL MONOCHLORO BIPHENYLS
TOTAL NONACHLORO BIPHENYLS
TOTAL OCTACHLORO BIPHENYLS
TOTAL PCBS
TOTAL PENTACHLORO BIPHENYLS
TOTAL TETRACHLORO BIPHENYLS
TOTAL TRICHLORO BIPHENYLS
DIOXINSA
DIOXINSB
UNIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
POTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT
DETECT
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
0
100
MEAN
249000.00
249000.00
14200.00
20000.00
50700.00
275.00
1590.00
6040.00
249000.00
74100.00
61000.00
19800.00
8320.00
8320.00
STANDARD
DEVIATION
478000.00
478000.00
338000.00
28000.00
58000.00
1190.00
2190.00
7340.00
478000.00
97100.00
125000.00
30400.00
45000.00
45000.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
18400000.00
18400000.00
17500000.00
376000.00
516000.00
32500.00
11800.00
92900.00
18400000.00
516000.00
681000.00
244000.00
525000.00
525000.00
99TH
PERCENTILE
1660000.00
1660000.00
61500.00
108000.00
243000.00
2010.00
10900.00
28900.00
1660000.00
457000.00
576000.00
100000.00
37200.00
37200.00
98TH
PERCENTILE
1630000.00
1630000.00
26500.00
102000.00
217000.00
938.00
9910.00
28000.00
1630000.00
399000.00
472000.00
84800.00
15300.00
15300.00
95TH
PERCENTILE
520000.00
520000.00
12400.00
69400.00
153000.00
903.00
4330.00
18200.00
520000.00
174000.00
213000.00
76900.00
9110.00
9110.00
90TH
PERCENTILE
500000.00
500000.00
7040.00
35000.00
122000.00
672.00
2720.00
15000.00
498000.00
146000.00
92300.00
61100.00
8890.00
8890.00
MEDIAN
132000.00
132000.00
2860.00
13000.00
30500.00
81.70
888.00
3820.00
131000.00
42100.00
24800.00
9530.00
3350.00
3350.00
                                                        A-18

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EXHIBIT 3  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE SURVEY
                    Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to ML
                                              group=Dioxins and Furans
POLLUTANT
1,2,3,4,6,7 , 8-HEETACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,4,6,7, 8 -HEETACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

1,2,3,4,7,8, 9-HEETACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

1,2,3,4,7, 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN

1,2,3,4,7, 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

1,2,3,6,7 , 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,6,7 , 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,7,8, 9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,7,8, 9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,7 , 8-EENTACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,7, 8 -EENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,4,6,7 , 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

2,3,4,7, 8 -EENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,7 , 8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
2,3,7 , 8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
OCTACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
UNIT
flG/KG
flG/KG

flG/KG

flG/KG

flG/KG

flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG

flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94

94

94

94

94
94
94
94
94
94
94

94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857

6857

6857

6857

6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857

6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
EERCENT
DETECT
100
99

100

99

96

100
100
100
20
100
93
100

100
99
100
100
100
MEAN
492.00
167.00

9.13

3.62

5.56

21.30
5.21
11.80
1.41
5.76
1.66
6.03

2.61
1.42
3.11
6780.00
802.00
STANDARD
DEVIATION
2060.00
551.00

58.30

6.87

20.70

35.00
25.20
19.80
2.66
5.69
7.32
38.70

17.70
1.50
3.93
39100.00
3890.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
24100.00
5150.00

655.00

124.00

500.00

369.00
618.00
332.00
54.40
92.00
189.00
974.00

463.00
47.20
79.70
457000.00
37800.00
99TH
EERCENTILE
1520.00
3410.00

54.90

16.20

36.60

131.00
24.10
52.80
6.43
14.60
6.71
31.10

7.61
5.09
10.60
14300.00
19000.00
98TH
EERCENTILE
1030.00
351.00

19.20

9.80

15.30

66.00
13.90
35.70
5.46
13.10
6.08
12.60

7.26
4.86
10.50
12800.00
1910.00
95TH
EERCENTILE
743.00
231.00

8.73

8.02

10.10

43.90
8.37
22.80
3.44
12.00
4.15
8.19

5.91
3.37
7.87
7790.00
753.00
90TH
EERCENTILE
656.00
170.00

6.94

6.46

8.73

41.30
8.07
21.20
1.76
11.10
2.63
7.81

3.97
2.38
5.70
7510.00
554.00
MEDIAN
273.00
88.20

2.80

2.22

3.36

15.10
2.60
7.49
1.00
4.57
1.00
2.80

1.50
1.10
2.30
2730.00
279.00
                                                        A-19

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EXHIBIT 3  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE SURVEY
                    Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to ML
                                                     group=PCBs
POLLUTANT
DECACHLORO BIPHENYI,
PCB-1
PCB-10
PCB-103
PCB-104
PCB-105
PCB-106
PCB-107+PCB-124
PCB-109
PCB-11
PCB-110+PCB-115
PCB-111
PCB-112
PCB-114
PCB-118
PCB-12+PCB-13
PCB-120
PCB-121
PCB-122
PCB-123
PCB-126
PCB-127
PCB-128+PCB-166
PCB-129+PCB-138+PCB-160+PCB-163
PCB-130
PCB-131
UNIT
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
flG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
POTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT
DETECT
100
95
85
98
9
100
0
100
100
97
100
2
0
100
100
100
65
25
99
100
49
80
100
100
100
100
MEAN
862.00
102.00
23.70
60.10
60.10
4570.00
6.56
411.00
687.00
11400.00
12900.00
7.33
14.40
292.00
9870.00
151.00
17.80
13.60
141.00
313.00
120.00
23.90
1780.00
11900.00
694.00
168.00
STANDARD
DEVIATION
2260.00
521.00
54.70
159.00
90.60
7120.00
9.88
532.00
888.00
337000.00
17400.00
11.00
20.70
453.00
12200.00
273.00
33.80
21.50
256.00
386.00
209.00
23.60
2100.00
13800.00
763.00
182.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
12800.00
12700.00
722.00
3160.00
490.00
39200.00
49.00
2810.00
4700.00
17500000.00
93600.00
106.00
98.00
2500.00
63600.00
10000.00
575.00
166.00
1430.00
2140.00
980.00
241.00
10100.00
93800.00
4170.00
825.00
99TH
PERCENTILE
10000.00
1150.00
225.00
308.00
485.00
33800.00
46.30
2540.00
4310.00
6910.00
81600.00
46.70
92.70
2180.00
58200.00
1070.00
95.60
94.40
1210.00
1830.00
927.00
95.90
9430.00
63500.00
3530.00
821.00
98TH
PERCENTILE
7290.00
376.00
97.60
293.00
481.00
28300.00
43.70
2270.00
3920.00
6180.00
69700.00
44.10
87.30
1870.00
52800.00
589.00
92.20
89.10
984.00
1520.00
873.00
95.70
8770.00
62700.00
3410.00
817.00
95TH
PERCENTILE
1490.00
208.00
87.70
167.00
179.00
10800.00
36.40
1040.00
1720.00
3860.00
29000.00
40.00
80.00
677.00
24700.00
452.00
80.00
80.00
298.00
674.00
744.00
72.10
5460.00
34200.00
1880.00
502.00
90TH
PERCENTILE
927.00
174.00
42.20
101.00
62.40
8210.00
7.74
750.00
1270.00
3410.00
23800.00
16.60
30.40
536.00
19500.00
293.00
44.90
35.40
236.00
534.00
314.00
54.50
3630.00
30500.00
1520.00
357.00
MEDIAN
384.00
34.30
11.60
27.50
50.00
2270.00
5.00
223.00
388.00
1060.00
7330.00
5.00
10.00
154.00
5550.00
81.90
9.76
10.00
62.90
258.00
58.80
14.50
994.00
7000.00
399.00
101.00
                                                        A-20

-------
EXHIBIT 3  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                    Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to ML
                                                     group=PCBs
                                                     (continued)
EOLLUTANT
PCB-132
PCB-133
PCB-134+ECB-143
PCB-135+ECB-151+ECB-154
PCB-136
PCB-137
PCB-139+ECB-140
PCB-14
PCB-141
PCB-142
PCB-144
PCB-145
PCB-146
PCB-147+ECB-149
PCB-148
PCB-15
PCB-150
PCB-152
PCB-153+ECB-168
PCB-155
PCB-156+ECB-157
PCB-158
PCB-159
PCB-16
PCB-161
UNIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
EERCENT
DETECT
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
84
100
0
100
75
100
100
89
100
98
89
100
95
100
100
95
100
0
MEAN
3670.00
145.00
594.00
3590.00
1380.00
584.00
199.00
16.10
2010.00
12.60
512.00
11.50
1440.00
8400.00
16.50
1130.00
13.70
12.90
9540.00
26.90
1540.00
1150.00
103.00
941.00
12.70
STANDARD
DEVIATION
4020.00
169.00
660.00
4430.00
1620.00
583.00
211.00
41.30
2420.00
18.90
572.00
20.40
1610.00
9950.00
37.80
1460.00
25.30
18.10
11100.00
83.10
1690.00
1280.00
143.00
1750.00
19.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
31700.00
2570.00
4850.00
56200.00
19500.00
2610.00
1650.00
883.00
22200.00
98.00
4320.00
98.00
20300.00
107000.00
823.00
12800.00
591.00
310.00
109000.00
2010.00
8200.00
7760.00
1540.00
17200.00
98.00
99TH
EERCENTILE
17600.00
613.00
2940.00
15900.00
6020.00
2550.00
898.00
104.00
10500.00
92.70
2300.00
92.70
6140.00
39100.00
94.60
5460.00
42.80
52.40
45700.00
184.00
7750.00
5770.00
600.00
6590.00
92.70
98TH
EERCENTILE
17400.00
563.00
2890.00
15400.00
5710.00
2500.00
880.00
94.90
9160.00
87.30
2140.00
87.30
5640.00
35700.00
89.30
3740.00
42.70
52.10
41300.00
58.20
7460.00
5250.00
559.00
3910.00
87.30
95TH
EERCENTILE
10100.00
419.00
1550.00
13900.00
4770.00
1780.00
583.00
80.20
5110.00
39.70
1840.00
41.70
4430.00
29100.00
65.30
3570.00
40.10
47.90
31900.00
51.30
4620.00
3060.00
341.00
2880.00
42.60
90TH
EERCENTILE
9330.00
325.00
1470.00
7090.00
3120.00
1290.00
404.00
38.20
4720.00
14.60
1170.00
20.50
3350.00
18100.00
33.30
2880.00
30.10
27.70
20200.00
40.40
3200.00
2570.00
166.00
1710.00
15.20
MEDIAN
2150.00
91.60
354.00
2280.00
811.00
382.00
117.00
6.23
1310.00
10.00
310.00
5.20
904.00
5270.00
7.39
769.00
8.37
6.28
5840.00
20.40
917.00
664.00
62.90
456.00
10.00
                                                        A-21

-------
EXHIBIT 3  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                    Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to ML
                                                     group=PCBs
                                                     (continued)
POLLUTANT
ECB-162
ECB-164
ECB-165
ECB-167
ECB-169
ECB-17
ECB-170
ECB-171+ECB-173
ECB-172
ECB-174
ECB-175
ECB-176
ECB-177
ECB-178
ECB-179
ECB-18+ECB-30
ECB-180+ECB-193
ECB-181
ECB-182
ECB-183+ECB-185
ECB-184
ECB-186
ECB-187
ECB-188
ECB-189
UNIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT
DETECT
100
100
4
100
44
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
99
100
100
100
90
78
94
100
1
100
7
99
MEAN
32.20
754.00
6.29
455.00
4.91
1040.00
2090.00
677.00
372.00
2350.00
101.00
338.00
1340.00
539.00
1170.00
2040.00
5330.00
22.70
15.20
1690.00
64.30
12.60
3290.00
58.10
76.90
STANDARD
DEVIATION
33.90
925.00
9.46
506.00
18.30
1820.00
3080.00
988.00
543.00
3330.00
135.00
482.00
2010.00
745.00
1590.00
3760.00
7970.00
25.80
23.20
2350.00
166.00
18.90
4240.00
90.60
117.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
217.00
6690.00
49.00
2740.00
466.00
16700.00
36100.00
12700.00
7240.00
42800.00
1890.00
7000.00
27100.00
11000.00
22400.00
36100.00
109000.00
195.00
317.00
31100.00
3960.00
98.00
55800.00
490.00
1440.00
99TH
PERCENTILE
151.00
4310.00
46.30
2390.00
20.70
7270.00
13100.00
3780.00
2180.00
13100.00
474.00
1640.00
7290.00
2530.00
5490.00
14900.00
32400.00
113.00
97.90
8280.00
189.00
92.70
14900.00
463.00
502.00
98TH
PERCENTILE
146.00
4250.00
43.70
2380.00
15.20
3870.00
11900.00
3450.00
2010.00
12200.00
449.00
1610.00
6860.00
2510.00
5390.00
8140.00
31100.00
112.00
97.90
7880.00
147.00
87.30
14800.00
437.00
455.00
95TH
PERCENTILE
104.00
2240.00
20.10
1340.00
10.30
3850.00
6050.00
2490.00
1180.00
8310.00
402.00
1480.00
6040.00
2310.00
4930.00
6730.00
14300.00
70.10
65.80
7090.00
145.00
39.70
13900.00
153.00
212.00
90TH
PERCENTILE
59.80
1780.00
8.20
960.00
8.34
2770.00
4250.00
1330.00
667.00
4110.00
186.00
575.00
2260.00
874.00
1890.00
4170.00
9330.00
57.10
32.50
3010.00
113.00
14.30
5560.00
57.10
167.00
MEDIAN
19.80
428.00
5.00
266.00
3.52
470.00
1230.00
407.00
228.00
1470.00
71.70
225.00
799.00
354.00
737.00
913.00
3160.00
13.30
8.86
1070.00
48.50
10.00
2190.00
50.00
43.10
                                                        A-22

-------
EXHIBIT 3  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                    Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to ML
                                                     group=PCBs
                                                     (continued)
EOLLUTANT
ECB-19
ECB-190
ECB-191
ECB-192
ECB-194
ECB-195
ECB-196
ECB-197+ECB-200
ECB-198+ECB-199
ECB-2
ECB-20+ECB-28
ECB-2 01
ECB-202
ECB-2 03
ECB-204
ECB-205
ECB-2 06
ECB-2 07
ECB-2 08
ECB-2 09
ECB-21+ECB-33
ECB-2 2
ECB-2 3
ECB-2 4
ECB-2 5
UNIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
EERCENT
DETECT
100
100
100
1
100
99
100
100
100
97
100
99
100
100
25
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
93
100
MEAN
307.00
451.00
84.80
6.35
1110.00
422.00
649.00
262.00
1770.00
55.90
5300.00
228.00
490.00
1070.00
10.90
57.60
1050.00
127.00
412.00
862.00
999.00
1520.00
13.80
34.20
299.00
STANDARD
DEVIATION
581.00
675.00
123.00
9.59
1560.00
650.00
874.00
302.00
2030.00
610.00
8320.00
253.00
455.00
1220.00
18.50
91.70
1440.00
141.00
620.00
2260.00
2230.00
2350.00
37.50
197.00
462.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
14800.00
7980.00
1630.00
49.60
19700.00
8240.00
12600.00
4220.00
24400.00
27100.00
48500.00
3430.00
4570.00
14400.00
98.00
1310.00
7690.00
943.00
3450.00
12800.00
22700.00
17800.00
844.00
10000.00
2930.00
99TH
EERCENTILE
3210.00
2720.00
494.00
46.70
6570.00
2660.00
3320.00
1090.00
7930.00
169.00
32600.00
811.00
1590.00
4560.00
92.70
366.00
7220.00
653.00
2980.00
10000.00
9080.00
8640.00
93.60
233.00
1890.00
98TH
EERCENTILE
646.00
2490.00
461.00
44.10
6320.00
2540.00
3210.00
1090.00
7730.00
142.00
30300.00
807.00
1570.00
4440.00
87.30
342.00
6750.00
614.00
2510.00
7290.00
3350.00
8390.00
88.30
40.20
1880.00
95TH
EERCENTILE
1170.00
1630.00
265.00
20.90
3220.00
1470.00
1850.00
832.00
5090.00
102.00
24600.00
800.00
1520.00
3500.00
33.20
188.00
3000.00
356.00
985.00
1490.00
2540.00
4830.00
46.40
80.90
896.00
90TH
EERCENTILE
917.00
803.00
161.00
7.60
2490.00
793.00
1500.00
572.00
4970.00
78.50
14700.00
536.00
1300.00
2880.00
13.20
110.00
1850.00
274.00
663.00
927.00
2330.00
4040.00
29.00
59.10
836.00
MEDIAN
143.00
258.00
50.90
5.00
645.00
213.00
392.00
187.00
1130.00
15.40
2640.00
156.00
380.00
687.00
6.68
30.90
583.00
83.20
233.00
384.00
384.00
719.00
6.00
17.50
126.00
                                                        A-23

-------
EXHIBIT 3  : NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                    Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set to ML
                                                     group=PCBs
                                                     (continued)
POLLUTANT
PCB-26+PCB-29
PCB-27
PCB-3
PCB-31
PCB-32
PCB-34
PCB-35
PCB-36
PCB-37
PCB-38
PCB-39
PCB-4
PCB-40+PCB-41+PCB-71
PCB-42
PCB-43
PCB-44+PCB-47+PCB-65
PCB-45+PCB-51
PCB-46
PCB-48
PCB-4 9+PCB-69
PCB-5
PCB-50+PCB-53
PCB-52
PCB-54
PCB-55
UNIT
flG/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
POTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT
DETECT
100
100
99
100
100
74
100
100
100
36
99
96
100
100
96
100
100
100
100
100
66
100
100
91
77
MEAN
641.00
202.00
119.00
3840.00
882.00
19.40
242.00
66.00
1430.00
9.02
31.50
448.00
3560.00
1870.00
224.00
7180.00
998.00
349.00
1060.00
4270.00
25.60
786.00
9640.00
16.50
54.90
STANDARD
DEVIATION
1010.00
304.00
227.00
5720.00
1420.00
27.70
1200.00
52.00
2430.00
15.20
48.70
1230.00
7690.00
4210.00
391.00
14300.00
1760.00
641.00
1870.00
8670.00
50.90
1480.00
15700.00
71.50
65.50
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
8170.00
2140.00
3670.00
46100.00
10400.00
196.00
44500.00
523.00
12200.00
124.00
255.00
13700.00
41400.00
22700.00
1860.00
76300.00
9960.00
3180.00
9110.00
46200.00
492.00
7240.00
81200.00
2980.00
387.00
99TH
PERCENTILE
3770.00
1630.00
643.00
17900.00
4710.00
98.00
727.00
176.00
11500.00
60.50
234.00
5030.00
35200.00
19200.00
1850.00
65100.00
8290.00
3140.00
9010.00
39500.00
216.00
7010.00
71900.00
86.90
232.00
98TH
PERCENTILE
3060.00
915.00
616.00
16100.00
4640.00
97.30
532.00
173.00
10800.00
56.20
230.00
2300.00
29100.00
15600.00
1830.00
53900.00
8280.00
3090.00
8910.00
32800.00
147.00
6770.00
62600.00
83.50
225.00
95TH
PERCENTILE
2210.00
902.00
502.00
13400.00
3880.00
92.50
434.00
155.00
4900.00
45.40
103.00
1530.00
12500.00
7100.00
1080.00
26300.00
3870.00
1440.00
3920.00
15900.00
86.30
3720.00
33700.00
62.60
195.00
90TH
PERCENTILE
1670.00
564.00
383.00
12800.00
2530.00
42.90
396.00
144.00
3520.00
22.50
53.80
1020.00
6640.00
2960.00
419.00
11200.00
2420.00
782.00
2540.00
6110.00
64.60
1320.00
16200.00
46.80
136.00
MEDIAN
303.00
117.00
30.80
1900.00
458.00
10.00
179.00
49.80
699.00
5.00
15.50
149.00
1390.00
680.00
92.60
2890.00
391.00
143.00
450.00
1780.00
10.00
304.00
4750.00
4.60
29.80
                                                        A-24

-------
EXHIBIT 3  :  NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES  FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE  SURVEY
                         Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation  Procedure -Nondetects Set to  ML
                                                                  group=PCBs
                                                                  (continued)
                   Pollutant
                                     Unit
                                          Sample
                                           Size
                                               Percent
                                               Detect
 Standard
Deviation
Observed
Maximum
   99th
Percentile
   98th
Percentile
   95th
Percentile
   90th
Percentile
                                                                                                                                 Median
          PCB-

          PCB-
                                    NG/KG
          PCB-58

          PCB-59+PCB-62+PCB-75

          PCB-6

          PCB-60

          PCB-61+PCB-70+PCB-74+PCB-76

          PCB-63

          PCB-64

          PCB-66

          PCB-67

          PCB-68

          PCB-7

          PCB-

          PCB-

          PCB-

          PCB-

          PCB-

          PCB-

          PCB-

          PCB-

          PCB-

          PCB-83+PCB-99

          PCB-84

          PCB-85+PCB-116+PCB-117
                         NG/KG
                                     94
                                     94
                                     94
                                     94
>CB-72
                                     94
                                     94
                                     94
                                     94
                         NG/KG
 B-82
                                     94
                                     94
                                     94
                                               94
                                                                      A-25

-------
EXHIBIT  3 :  NATIONAL  POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL  SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                       Nonparametrie  Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -Nondetects Set  to ML
                                                              group=PCBs
                                                              (continued)
                 Pollutant
                                               Sample
                                               Size
Percent
Detect
 Standard
Deviation
Observed
Maximum
  99th
Percentile
  98th
Percentile
  95th
Percentile
  90th
Percentile
 PCB-86+PCB-87+PCB-97+PCB-108+PCB-119+PCB-125
 PCB-90+PCB-101+PCB-113
                                                                  A-26

-------
EXHIBIT 3  :  NATIONAL POLLUTANT  CONCENTRATION  PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE  2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE SURVEY
                         Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation  Procedure -Nondetects Set to ML
                                                                 group=TOTALS
                  Pollutant
                                           Sample
                                            Size
Percent
Detect
Standard
Deviation
Observed
Maximum
   99th
Percentile
   98th
Percentile
   95th
Percentile
   90th
Percentile
                                               94
       PCBb
                                               94
       TOTAL DICHLORO BIPHENYLS
       TOTAL HEPTACHLORO BIPHENYLS
       TOTAL HEXACHLORO BIPHENYLS
       TOTAL MONOCHLORO BIPHENYLS
       TOTAL NONACHLORO BIPHENYLS
       TOTAL OCTACHLORO BIPHENYLS
                                               94
       TOTAL PCBS
                                               94
       TOTAL PENTACHLORO BIPHENYLS
                                               94
       TOTAL TETRACHLORO BIPHENYLS
                                               94
       TOTAL TRICHLORO BIPHENYLS
                                                                      A-27

-------
APPENDIX B: NATIONAL Toxic EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001
NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
Exhibit 4—Nondetects Set to Zero
      Dioxin and Furans	B-l
      PCBs	B-2
      Totals  	B-3

Exhibit 5—Nondetects Set to One-half ML
      Dioxin and Furans	B-4
      PCBs	B-5
      Totals  	B-6

Exhibit 6—Nondetects set to ML
      Dioxin and Furans	B-7
      PCBs	B-8
      Totals  	B-9

-------
           EXHIBIT 4  : NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES  FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE  SURVEY
                Nonparametrie  Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set  to zero

                                               Dioxins and Furan TEQs
POLLUTANT
1,2,3,4,6,7 , 8-HEETACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,4,6,7, 8 -HEETACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,4,7,8, 9-HEETACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,4,7, 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,4,7, 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,6,7 , 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,6,7 , 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,7,8, 9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,7,8, 9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,7 , 8-EENTACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,7, 8 -EENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,4,6,7 , 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,4,7, 8 -EENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,7 , 8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
2,3,7 , 8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
OCTACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
UNIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT
DETECT
100
99
100
99
96
100
100
100
20
100
93
100
100
99
100
100
100
HEAN
4.92
1.67
0.09
0.36
0.55
2.13
0.52
1.18
0.03
5.76
0.07
0.60
1.31
1.41
0.31
0.68
0.08
STANDARD
DEVIATION
20.60
5.51
0.58
0.69
2.07
3.50
2.52
1.98
0.25
5.69
0.36
3.87
8.86
1.50
0.39
3.91
0.39
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
241.00
51.50
6.55
12.40
50.00
36.90
61.80
33.20
5.44
92.00
9.45
97.40
232.00
47.20
7.97
45.70
3.78
99TH
PERCENTILE
15.20
34.10
0.55
1.62
3.66
13.10
2.41
5.28
0.26
14.60
0.34
3.11
3.81
5.09
1.06
1.43
1.90
98TH
EERCENTILE
10.30
3.51
0.19
0.98
1.53
6.60
1.39
3.57
0.06
13.10
0.20
1.26
3.63
4.86
1.05
1.28
0.19
95TH
PERCENTILE
7.43
2.31
0.09
0.80
1.01
4.39
0.84
2.28
0.06
12.00
0.13
0.82
2.96
3.37
0.79
0.78
0.08
90TH
PERCENTILE
6.56
1.70
0.07
0.65
0.87
4.13
0.81
2.12
0.02
11.10
0.12
0.78
1.98
2.38
0.57
0.75
0.06
MEDIAN
2.73
0.88
0.03
0.22
0.34
1.51
0.26
0.75
0.00
4.57
0.05
0.28
0.75
1.10
0.23
0.27
0.03
Note  : Three significant figures are reported
TEQs  calculated with WHO-98 toxic eguivalent factors
                                                          B-l

-------
           EXHIBIT  4: NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE  SURVEY
                Nonparametrie  Substitution Method Estimation Procedure  -  Nondetects Set to zero

                                                Dioxin-Like  PCB TEQs
POLLUTANT
PCB-105
PCB-114
PCB-118
PCB-123
PCB-126
PCB-156+PCB-157
PCB-167
PCB-169
PCB-189
PCB-77
PCB-81
UNIT
flG/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
TO/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
POTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT
DETECT
100
100
100
100
49
100
100
44
99
100
100
tfEAN
0.46
0.15
0.99
0.03
2.69
0.77
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.08
0.02
STANDARD
DEVIATION
0.71
0.23
1.22
0.04
7.21
0.85
0.01
0.18
0.01
0.25
0.04
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
3.92
1.25
6.36
0.21
50.30
4.10
0.03
4.66
0.14
2.32
0.20
99TH
PERCENTILE
3.38
1.09
5.82
0.18
34.90
3.88
0.02
0.13
0.05
1.07
0.16
98TH
PERCENTILE
2.83
0.93
5.28
0.15
3.57
3.73
0.02
0.11
0.05
0.78
0.13
95TH
PERCENTILE
1.08
0.34
2.47
0.07
6.82
2.31
0.01
0.06
0.02
0.19
0.04
90TH
PERCENTILE
0.82
0.27
1.95
0.05
4.82
1.60
0.01
0.05
0.02
0.08
0.04
MEDIAN
0.23
0.08
0.56
0.03
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
Note: Three  significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs
                                                         B-2

-------
            EXHIBIT 4 :  NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
                 Nonparametrie Substitution Method Estimation  Procedure - Nondetects Set  to zero

                                                           Totals
POLLUTANT
PCBA
PCBB
3IOXINSA
3IOXINSB
TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
UNIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
POTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT
DETECT
0
100
0
100
0
HEAN
5.22
5.22
21.70
21.70
26.90
STANDARD
DEVIATION
10.30
10.30
47.50
47.50
49.50
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
58.30
58.30
682.00
682.00
718.00
99TH
PERCENTILE
50.60
50.60
100.00
100.00
113.00
98TH
PERCENTILE
44.80
44.80
54.40
54.40
76.60
95TH
PERCENTILE
13.10
13.10
33.30
33.30
59.30
90TH
PERCENTILE
9.66
9.66
31.40
31.40
42.90
MEDIAN
2.05
2.05
15.50
15.50
19.70
a Composites considered  a detect if all individual congeners or PCBs  are measured above the minimum level.
b Composites considered  a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.
Note:  Three significant  figures are reported using WHO  set of TEFs
                                                             B-3

-------
          EXHIBIT 5 :  NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001  NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
      Nonparametric  Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set  to H Minimum Level (H ML)

                                               Dioxins  and Furan  TEQs
EOLLUTANT
1,2,3,4,6,7 , 8-HEETACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,4,6,7, 8 -HEETACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

1,2,3,4,7,8, 9-HEETACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

1,2,3,4,7, 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN

1,2,3,4,7, 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

1,2,3,6,7 , 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN

1,2,3,6,7 , 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

1,2,3,7,8, 9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN

1,2,3,7,8, 9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

1,2,3,7 , 8-EENTACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,7, 8 -EENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,4,6,7 , 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN

2,3,4,7, 8 -EENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,7 , 8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
2,3,7 , 8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
OCTACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
UNIT
NG/KG
NG/KG

NG/KG

NG/KG

NG/KG

NG/KG

NG/KG

NG/KG

NG/KG

NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG

NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94

94

94

94

94

94

94

94

94
94
94

94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857

6857

6857

6857

6857

6857

6857

6857

6857
6857
6857

6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
EERCENT
DETECT
100
99

100

99

96

100

100

100

20

100
93
100

100
99
100
100
100
MEAN
4.92
1.67

0.09

0.36

0.55

2.13

0.52

1.18

0.08

5.76
0.08
0.60

1.31
1.42
0.31
0.68
0.08
STANDARD
DEVIATION
20.60
5.51

0.58

0.69

2.07

3.50

2.52

1.98

0.25

5.69
0.36
3.87

8.86
1.50
0.39
3.91
0.39
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
241.00
51.50

6.55

12.40

50.00

36.90

61.80

33.20

5.44

92.00
9.45
97.40

232.00
47.20
7.97
45.70
3.78
99TH
EERCENTILE
15.20
34.10

0.55

1.62

3.66

13.10

2.41

5.28

0.41

14.60
0.34
3.11

3.81
5.09
1.06
1.43
1.90
98TH
EERCENTILE
10.30
3.51

3.57

0.98

1.53

6.60

1.39

3.57

0.27

13.10
0.20
1.26

3.63
4.86
1.05
1.28
3.57
95TH
EERCENTILE
7.43
2.31

0.09

0.80

1.01

4.39

0.84

2.28

0.17

12.00
0.15
0.82

2.96
3.37
0.79
0.78
0.08
90TH
EERCENTILE
6.56
1.70

0.07

0.65

0.87

4.13

0.81

2.12

0.11

11.10
0.13
0.78

1.98
2.38
0.57
0.75
0.06
MEDIAN
2.73
0.88

0.03

0.22

0.34

1.51

0.26

0.75

0.05

4.57
0.05
0.28

0.75
1.10
0.23
0.27
0.03
Note  : Three  significant figures are reported
TEQs  calculated with WHO-98 toxic eguivalent factors
                                                          B-4

-------
           EXHIBIT 5 :  NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001  NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
       Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set  to H Minimum Level  (H ML)

                                               Dioxin-Like PCB TEQs
EOLLUTANT
ECB-105
ECB-114
ECB-118
ECB-123
ECB-126
ECB-156+ECB-157
ECB-167
ECB-169
ECB-189
ECB-77
ECB-81
UNIT
NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG
NG/KG
SAMPLE SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT DETECT
100
100
100
100
49
100
100
44
99
100
100
rtEAN
0.46
0.15
0.99
0.03
7.33
0.77
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.08
0.02
STANDARD
DEVIATION
0.71
0.23
1.22
0.04
11.70
0.85
0.01
0.18
0.01
0.25
0.04
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
3.92
1.25
6.36
0.21
50.30
4.10
0.03
4.66
0.14
2.32
0.20
99TH EERCENTILE
3.38
1.09
5.82
0.18
46.70
3.88
0.02
0.13
0.05
1.07
0.16
98TH EERCENTILE
2.83
0.93
5.28
0.15
44.10
3.73
0.02
0.11
0.05
0.78
0.13
95TH EERCENTILE
1.08
0.34
2.47
0.07
40.00
2.31
0.01
0.09
0.02
0.19
0.04
90TH
EERCENTILE
0.82
0.27
1.95
0.05
16.40
1.60
0.01
0.06
0.02
0.08
0.04
MEDIAN
0.23
0.08
0.56
0.03
4.69
0.46
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.02
0.01
Note: Three  significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs
                                                         B-5

-------
           EXHIBIT 5  : NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
       Nonparametric  Substitution Method Estimation Procedure  - Nondetects Set to H Minimum Level (H ML)

                                                           Totals
POLLUTANT
PCBA
PCBB
DIOXINSA
DIOXINSB
TOTAL
3IOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
UNIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
POTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT DETECT
0
100
0
100
0
HEAN
9.87
9.87
21.70
21.70
31.60
STANDARD
DEVIATION
14.00
14.00
47.50
47.50
50.00
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
58.30
58.30
682.00
682.00
718.00
99TH
PERCENTILE
55.10
55.10
100.00
100.00
115.00
98TH PERCENTILE
54.50
54.50
54.40
13.10
80.00
95TH PERCENTILE
49.40
49.40
33.30
12.00
73.50
90TH
PERCENTILE
19.20
19.20
31.60
31.60
55.20
MEDIAN
6.04
6.04
15.50
15.50
23.40
a Composites considered a detect if all individual congeners  or PCBs are measured above the minimum level.
b Composites considered a detect if at least one  congener is  measured above  the minimum level.

Note:  Three significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs
                                                             B-6

-------
           EXHIBIT 6 : NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE  2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
        Nonparametric Substitution Method  Estimation Procedure - Nondetects  Set to Minimum Level (ML)

                                              Dioxins  and Furan  TEQs
POLLUTANT
1,2,3,4,6,7 , 8-HEETACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,4,6,7, 8 -HEETACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,4,7,8, 9-HEETACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,4,7, 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,4,7, 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,6,7 , 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,6,7 , 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,7,8, 9-HEXACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,7,8, 9-HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
1,2,3,7 , 8-EENTACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
1,2,3,7, 8 -EENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,4,6,7 , 8 -HEXACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,4,7, 8 -EENTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
2,3,7 , 8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
2,3,7 , 8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
OCTACHLORODIBENZO-E-DIOXIN
OCTACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
UNIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE
SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
EOTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
EERCENT
DETECT
100
99
100
99
96
100
100
100
20
100
93
100
100
99
100
100
100
MEAN
4.92
1.67
0.09
0.36
0.56
2.13
0.52
1.18
0.14
5.76
0.08
0.60
1.31
1.42
0.31
0.68
0.08
STANDARD
DEVIATION
20.60
5.51
0.58
0.69
2.07
3.50
2.52
1.98
0.27
5.69
0.37
3.87
8.86
1.50
0.39
3.91
0.39
OBSERVED
MAXIMUM
241.00
51.50
6.55
12.40
50.00
36.90
61.80
33.20
5.44
92.00
9.45
97.40
232.00
47.20
7.97
45.70
3.78
99TH EERCENTILE
15.20
34.10
0.55
1.62
3.66
13.10
2.41
5.28
0.64
14.60
0.34
3.11
3.81
5.09
1.06
1.43
1.90
98TH EERCENTILE
10.30
3.51
0.19
0.98
1.53
6.60
1.39
3.57
0.55
13.10
0.30
3.57
3.63
4.86
1.05
1.28
0.19
95TH EERCENTILE
7.43
2.31
0.09
0.80
1.01
4.39
0.84
2.28
0.34
12.00
0.21
0.82
2.96
3.37
0.79
0.78
0.08
90TH EERCENTILE
5.56
1.70
0.07
0.65
0.87
4.13
0.81
2.12
0.18
11.10
0.13
0.78
1.98
2.38
0.57
0.75
0.06
MEDIAN
2.73
0.88
0.03
0.22
0.34
1.51
0.26
0.75
0.10
4.57
0.05
0.28
0.75
1.10
0.23
0.27
0.03
Note: Three  significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs
                                                         B-7

-------
           EXHIBIT 6  : NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
        Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to Minimum Level  (ML)

                                               Dioxin-Like PCB  TEQs
POLLUTANT
PCB-105
PCB-114
PCB-118
PCB-123
PCB-126
PCB-156+PCB-157
PCB-167
PCB-169
PCB-189
PCB-77
PCB-81
UNIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
POTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT DETECT
100
100
100
100
49
100
100
44
99
100
100
HEAN
0.46
0.15
0.99
0.03
12.00
0.77
0.00
0.05
0.01
0.08
0.02
STANDARD DEVIATION
0.71
0.23
1.22
0.04
20.90
0.85
0.01
0.18
0.01
0.25
0.04
OBSERVED MAXIMUM
3.92
1.25
6.36
0.21
98.00
4.10
0.03
4.66
0.14
2.32
0.20
99TH PERCENTILE
3.38
1.09
5.82
0.18
92.70
3.88
0.02
0.21
0.05
1.07
0.16
98TH
PERCENTILE
2.83
0.93
5.28
0.15
87.30
3.73
0.02
0.15
3.57
0.78
0.13
95TH
PERCENTILE
1.08
0.34
2.47
0.07
74.40
2.31
0.01
0.10
0.02
0.19
0.04
90TH
PERCENTILE
0.82
0.27
1.95
0.05
31.40
1.60
0.01
0.08
0.02
0.08
0.04
MEDIAN
0.23
0.08
0.56
0.03
5.88
0.46
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.02
0.01
Note: Three  significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs
                                                         B-8

-------
            EXHIBIT 6 :  NATIONAL TOXIC EQUIVALENT ESTIMATES  FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE SURVEY
         Nonparametric Substitution Method  Estimation Procedure  -  Nondetects Set to Minimum Level (ML)

                                                           Totals
POLLUTANT
PCBA
PCBB
3IOXINSA
3IOXINSB
TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
UNIT
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
UG/KG
SAMPLE SIZE
94
94
94
94
94
POTWs
6857
6857
6857
6857
6857
PERCENT DETECT
0
100
0
100
0
tfEAN
14.50
14.50
21.80
21.80
36.30
STANDARD DEVIATION
22.40
22.40
47.50
47.50
52.60
OBSERVED MAXIMUM
103.00
103.00
682.00
682.00
718.00
99TH PERCENTILE
97.20
97.20
100.00
100.00
138.00
98TH
PERCENTILE
91.60
91.60
54.40
54.40
117.00
95TH
PERCENTILE
78.00
78.00
33.30
33.30
113.00
90TH
PERCENTILE
35.00
35.00
31.70
31.70
69.10
MEDIAN
8.11
8.11
15.50
15.50
24.00
a Composites considered a detect if all individual congeners  or PCBs are measured above the minimum level.
b Composites considered a detect if at least one  congener is  measured above  the minimum level.
Note:  Three significant figures are reported using WHO set of TEFs
                                                             B-9

-------
APPENDIX C: EMPIRICAL CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF NATIONAL Toxic
EQUIVALENTS FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY
Exhibit 1—Dioxin and Furan TEQs
      Nondetects Set to Zero	  C-l
      Nondetects Set to ML  	  C-4
      Nondetects Set to One-half ML  	  C-7

Exhibit 2—Coplanar PCB TEQs
      Nondetects Set to Zero	C-10
      Nondetects Set to ML  	C-13
      Nondetects Set to One-half ML	C-16

Exhibit 3—Total Dioxin/Furan/Coplanar PCB TEQ
      Nondetects Set to Zero	C-19
      Nondetects Set to ML  	C-22
      Nondetects Set to One-half ML  	C-25

-------
EPA / NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUBANS
        Nonparametric Substitution Method  Estimation Procedure  - Nondetects Set to zero
                                         Cumulative  Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs

                                                        EPISODE     QTY LOW       P
           b Composites considered a detect  if  at  least  one  congener is measured above the minimum level.
                                                      Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                 C-l

-------
EPA / NSSS                                              15:55   19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE  2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUBANS
                Nonparametric  Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects  Set to  zero
                                         Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs

                                                        EPISODE    QTY LOW       P
23.
22.
22.
22.
20.
20.
20.
20.
19.
19.
19.
18.
18.
18.
17.
17.
17.
17.
16 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
13.
13.
12.
.046
.416
.321
.147
.863
.691
.451
.207
.961
. 652
.239
.894
.458
.205
.721
.187
.175
.123
.326
.502
.445
.380
.250
.180
.083
.985
.548
.425
.039
.018
.335
.304
.598
0.72630
0.69259
0.68515
0.67770
0.67624
0.64253
0.63508
0.62763
0 . 62019
0.61872
0.58501
0.58355
0.57611
0.56866
0.56720
0.55975
0.55230
0.51859
0.51115
0.50370
0.49625
0.49479
0.49333
0.45962
0.45217
0.44472
0.44326
0.44180
0.44033
0.40663
0.39918
0.39772
0.39625
                                                                 C-2

-------
EPA / NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUBANS
        Nonparametric Substitution Method  Estimation Procedure  - Nondetects Set to zero
                                         Cumulative  Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs

                                                        EPISODE     QTY LOW       P
12.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9.
9 ,
9
S.
a.
a.
8.
7 .
6.
6.
6.
6.
5.
5 .
5 .
4.
4.
4.
3.
2 .
2 .
.487
.863
.684
.196
.167
.100
.074
.832
.399
.033
.929
.421
.339
.007
.515
.742
.302
.267
.093
.708
.429
.000
.449
.237
.060
.628
.713
.171
0.36254
0.35510
0.35474
0.32103
0.31957
0.28586
0.28439
0.28293
0.27548
0.27402
0.26657
0.25913
0.25168
0.24423
0.23679
0.22934
0.22190
0.18819
0.18074
0.14703
0.14667
0.11296
0.07925
0.04555
0.04408
0.04262
0.00891
0.00146
           b Composites considered a detect  if  at  least  one  congener is measured above the minimum level.
                                                      Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                 C-3

-------
EPA / NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUBANS
         Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure  -  Nondetects  Set to ML
                                         Cumulative  Distribution  for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                                        EPISODE
                                     detect  if  at  least  one congener is measured above the minimum level.
                                                      Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                 C-4

-------
EPA / NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUBANS
         Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure  -  Nondetects  Set to ML
                                         Cumulative  Distribution  for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                                        EPISODE
23
22
22
22
21
20
20
20
20
19
19
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
16
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
14.
14.
14.
14.
13
13
12
.046
.651
.416
.197
.291
.993
.551
.307
.061
.752
.339
.994
.558
.305
.821
.287
.275
.223
.326
.602
.445
.430
.280
.250
.208
.085
. 969
.598
.525
.118
.435
.304
.707
0.72630
0.69259
0.68515
0.67770
0.67624
0.66879
0.63508
0.62763
0.62019
0.61872
0.58501
0.58355
0.57611
0.56866
0.56720
0.55975
0.55230
0.51859
0.51115
0.50370
0.49625
0.49479
0.49333
0.48588
0.45217
0.44472
0.44326
0.40955
0.40809
0.40663
0.39918
0.39772
0.39625
                                     detect  if  at  least  one congener is measured above the minimum level.
                                                      Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                 C-5

-------
EPA / NSSS                                              15:55   19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUBANS
                 Nonparametric  Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML
                                         Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                                        EPISODE
                                                                 C-6

-------
EPA / NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUBANS
               Nonparametric Substitution  Method  Estimation Procedure -  Nondetects Set to ^ ML
                                         Cumulative  Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs

                                                        EPISODE     QTYHALF       P
           b Composites considered a detect  if  at  least  one congener is measured above the minimum level.
                                                      Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                 C-7

-------
EPA / NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUBANS
       Nonparametric  Substitution  Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to % ML
                                         Cumulative  Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs

                                                        EPISODE     QTYHALF       P
23.
22.
22.
22.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
19.
19.
18.
18.
18.
17.
17.
17.
17.
16 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
14.
14.
14.
14.
13.
13.
12.
.046
.486
.416
.172
.991
.928
.501
.257
.011
.702
.289
.944
.508
.255
.771
.237
.225
.173
.326
.552
.445
.405
.250
.230
.146
.035
.573
.504
.475
.068
.385
.304
.648
0.72630
0.69259
0.68515
0.67770
0.67624
0.66879
0.63508
0.62763
0 . 62019
0.61872
0.58501
0.58355
0.57611
0.56866
0.56720
0.55975
0.55230
0.51859
0.51115
0.50370
0.49625
0.49479
0.49333
0.45962
0.45217
0.44472
0.44326
0.44180
0.40809
0.40663
0.39918
0.39772
0.39625
           b Composites considered a detect  if  at  least  one  congener is measured above the minimum level.
                                                      Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                 C-8

-------
EPA / NSSS                                              15:55   19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE  2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUBANS
               Nonparametric  Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set  to ^ ML
                                         Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs

                                                        EPISODE    QTYHALF       P
                                                                 C-9

-------
EPA /  NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
    NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
        Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to zero
                                        Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                            ANALYTE
                                                       EPISODE
                                                                  QTY LOW
58
55
35
27
17
17
15
13
12.
12.
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
9
9
9
8
8
7
7
7
7
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
.2748
.5356
.9509
.3497
.9937
.1738
.3819
.1778
.7402
.1636
.9929
.6132
.4289
.0908
.8286
.7600
.2258
.4764
.4080
.2857
.4721
.2844
.8358
.5962
.5883
.4087
.6916
.2420
.6103
.5178
.4393
.4338
.4020
1.00000
0.99854
0.96483
0.96336
0.96190
0.96154
0.96118
0.95374
0.92003
0.91857
0.91710
0.91564
0.91528
0.91382
0.91346
0.90601
0.90566
0.89821
0.89675
0.89528
0.89492
0.88748
0.85377
0.85231
0.85084
0.84938
0.84902
0.81531
0.81385
0.81238
0.80494
0.79749
0.76378
                                     detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.
                                                     Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                               C-10

-------
EPA /  NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
    NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
                Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to zero
                                        Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                            ANALYTE
                                                       EPISODE
                                                                  QTY LOW
4.
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3


2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.0763
.9998
.9313
.7741
.5951
.5212
.4290
.3979
.1042
.9963
.9424
.8151
.7198
.6203
.4876
.4690
.2176
.0846
.0547
.0465
.0184
.9198
.8972
.8074
.7598
.7252
.6298
.5647
.5436
0.68001
0.67256
0.66512
0.66365
0.65621
0.65585
0.65438
0.62067
0.61921
0.61177
0.60432
0.60286
0.59541
0.56170
0.55425
0.54681
0.53936
0.53790
0.50419
0.47048
0.46303
0.46267
0.45523
0.45376
0.42006
0.41970
0.41823
0.41079
0.37708
                                     detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.
                                                     Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                               C-ll

-------
EPA /  NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
    NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
        Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to zero
                                        Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                            ANALYTE
                                                       EPISODE
                                                                  QTY LOW
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.4653
.4571
.4513
.3857
.3756
.3094
.2799
.1356
.0939
.0041
.9365
.9144
.8375
.7866
.7716
.7508
. 6892
.6381
.4606
.4311
.3940
.2870
.2761
.2174
.2133
.0732
.0569
.0515
0.34337
0.33592
0.32848
0.29477
0.29330
0.28586
0.27841
0.27096
0.27061
0.23690
0.23543
0.22799
0.22652
0.19282
0.18537
0.17792
0.17048
0.16901
0.16755
0.16010
0.12639
0.09268
0.09122
0.08976
0.08231
0.04860
0.04116
0.00745
                                     detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.
                                                     Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                               C-12

-------
EPA /  NSSS                                             15:55  19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
    NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE  ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE  2001 SURVEY - PCBs
         Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML
                                        Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs

                                           ANALYTE    EPISODE

                                            PCBb       6364
                                                       6385
                                                       6369
                                                       6359
                                                       6341
                                                       6358
                                                       6404
                                                       6345
                                                       6339
                                                       6407
                                                       6340
                                                       6352
                                                       6346

                                                       6415
                                                       6424
                                                       6355
                                                       6348
                                                       6373
                                                       6431
                                                       6416
                                                       6420
                                                       6413
                                                       6429
                                                       6405
                                                       6371
                                                       6366
                                                       6353
                                                       6367
                                                       6419
                                                       6425
                                                       6427
                                                       6437
           b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured  above the minimum level.
                                                     Using WHO set of TEFs
.02.
84.
83.
82.
58.
55 .
42.
35.
34.
27.
23.
17.
17.
16.
15.
14.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
.716
.000
.774
.568
.275
.536
.444
.951
.910
.375
.941
.994
.174
.733
.432
.036
.178
.996
.992
.740
.730
.164
.018
.993
.897
.760
.615
.613
.594
.515
.451
.429
.396
1.00000
0 . 96629
0.95884
0.95140
0.94395
0.94249
0.90878
0.90133
0.89987
0.89242
0.89096
0.88950
0.88914
0.88878
0.88133
0.87389
0.84018
0.80647
0.79902
0.79756
0.79610
0.76239
0.76092
0.76057
0.75910
0.75764
0.75728
0.72357
0.72321
0.68950
0.68206
0.64835
0 . 64689
                                                                C-13

-------
EPA /  NSSS                                             15:55  19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
    NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
         Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML
                                        Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs

                                           ANALYTE    EPISODE

                                            PCBb       6392
                                                       6409
                                                       6403
                                                       6350
                                                       6374
                                                       6401
                                                       6391
                                                       6344
                                                       6379
                                                       6349
                                                       6412
                                                       6399
                                                       6343
                                                       6411
                                                       6347
                                                       6418
                                                       6357
                                                       6370
                                                       6356
                                                       6426
                                                       6436
                                                       6438
                                                       6406
                                                       6361
                                                       6387
                                                       6375
                                                       6363
                                                       6338
                                                       6378
                                                       6390
                                                       6400
                                                       6342
                                                       6421
           b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum  level.
                                                     Using WHO set of TEFs
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9.
9.
9 .
8.
8.
8.
7 .
7 .
7 .
7 .
7.
6.
6.
6.
6.
5 .
5 .
5.
5.
.376
.309
.144
.091
.054
.964
.888
.837
.829
.760
.739
.688
.267
.226
.476
.433
.336
.521
.472
.284
.886
.596
.588
.409
.110
.761
.702
.242
.062
.660
.518
.484
.439
0.64542
0.63798
0.63053
0.59682
0.59646
0.59500
0.59354
0.55983
0.55238
0.54493
0.54458
0.54311
0.54165
0.53420
0.52676
0.52529
0.52383
0.52347
0.52201
0.51456
0.48085
0.47939
0.47793
0.47646
0.47610
0.44239
0.43495
0.40124
0.39978
0.39233
0.39087
0.38342
0.34971
                                                                C-14

-------
EPA /  NSSS                                             15:55  19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
    NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE  2001 SURVEY - PCBs
                 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects  Set to ML
                                        Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs

                                           ANALYTE    EPISODE

                                            PCBb       6377
                                                       6381
                                                       6396
                                                       6410
                                                       6372
                                                       6434
                                                       6393
                                                       6389
                                                       6397
                                                       6430
                                                       6360
                                                       6428
                                                       6386
                                                       6435
                                                       6351
                                                       6414
                                                       6365
                                                       6382
                                                       6376
                                                       6380
                                                       6433
                                                       6384
                                                       6383
                                                       6394
                                                       6354
                                                       6423
                                                       6402
                                                       6368
           b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum  level.
                                                     Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                C-15

-------
EPA /  NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
    NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
       Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to % ML
                                        Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                            ANALYTE
                                                       EPISODE
                                                                  QTYHALF
58
55
53
43
43
42
35
27
21
18
17
17
15
13.
13.
12
12
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
7
7
.2748
.5356
.6673
.9998
.7741
.5276
.9509
.3622
.6900
.4780
.9937
.1738
.4069
. 9363
.1778
.7402
.1636
.9929
.6132
.4289
.0908
.8286
.7600
.2258
.7188
.4764
.4205
.3107
.0951
.4721
.2844
.9963
. 9674
1.00000
0.99854
0.96483
0.93112
0.92367
0.91623
0.90878
0.90732
0.90585
0.89841
0.89096
0.89060
0.89024
0.88280
0.88133
0.84762
0.84616
0.84470
0.84323
0.84288
0.84141
0.84105
0.83361
0.83325
0.82580
0.79209
0 . 79063
0.78917
0.78881
0.78136
0.77392
0.74021
0.73276
                                     detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.
                                                     Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                               C-16

-------
EPA /  NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
    NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
       Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to % ML
                                        Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                            ANALYTE
                                                       EPISODE
                                                                  QTYHALF
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4.
4.
.8608
.7248
.5962
.5883
.4087
.0184
.8972
.7598
. 6966
.5897
.5686
.4903
.4513
.3907
.3756
.3094
.2420
.1189
.0291
.0212
.9394
.8625
.8116
.7142
.6631
.6353
.5178
.4588
.4393
.2424
.1450
.5971
.2000
0.73130
0.72983
0.69613
0 . 69466
0.69320
0.69284
0.69248
0.69102
0.69066
0.65695
0.62324
0.58953
0.58209
0.54838
0.54692
0.53947
0.53202
0.53056
0.49685
0.49539
0.49392
0.49246
0.45875
0.45130
0.44984
0.44838
0.44691
0.43947
0.40576
0.39831
0.39087
0.38940
0.35569
                                     detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.
                                                     Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                               C-17

-------
EPA /  NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
    NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
               Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ^ ML
                                        Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                            ANALYTE
                                                       EPISODE
                                                                  QTYHALF
4.
4.
4.
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
.1669
.0901
.0763
.7558
.5951
.4290
.3979
.1042
.0567
.6203
.4690
.2426
.0547
.9448
.8074
.7252
.6298
.6000
.4606
.4361
.3688
.2920
.2849
.2811
.1356
.0782
.0619
.7716
0.34825
0.34080
0.33335
0.32591
0.31846
0.31810
0.28439
0.28293
0.27548
0.26804
0.26059
0.25314
0.25168
0.21797
0.21053
0.17682
0.17535
0.16791
0.13420
0.12675
0.09304
0.05933
0.05787
0.05042
0.04896
0.04860
0.04116
0.00745
                                     detect if at least one congener is measured above the minimum level.
                                                     Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                               C-18

-------
  EPA / NSSS                                             15:55  19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES  FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUJWNS/PCBS
          Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to  zero
                                          Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs

                                              ANALYTE             EPISODE
6345
6377
6437
6346
6407
6341
6358
6429
6389
6385
6434
6350
6347
6421
6352
6353
6431
6355
6418
6361
6420
6411
6349
6340
6424
6435
6357
6415
6393
6369
6427
6402
6382
718
468
122
110
90
80
78
68
59
59
57
57
54
54
52
47
47
46
42
42
40
39
38
38
37
36
35
35
34
32
31
2 9
27
.246
. 969
.733
.321
.672
.422
.581
.014
. 609
.213
.522
.137
.902
.764
.822
.764
.516
.486
.476
.172
.743
.644
.541
.273
.526
.796
. 947
.833
.434
.602
.390
.307
.618
1.00000
0.99854
0.99109
0.98963
0.98927
0.98781
0.98634
0.95263
0.95117
0.94971
0.94226
0.94190
0.94154
0.94008
0.93263
0.93228
0.93192
0.93045
0.89675
0.89528
0.89492
0.89346
0.88601
0.88566
0.88419
0.85048
0.84304
0.84268
0.83523
0.80152
0.79408
0.79261
0.79226
             b Composites considered a detect if at least one congener is measured  above  the minimum level.
                                                       Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                  C-19

-------
  EPA / NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUJWNS/PCBS
                  Nonparametric Substitution Method  Estimation  Procedure  -  Nondetects  Set to zero
                                          Cumulative Distribution  for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs

                                              ANALYTE              EPISODE

                                                                    6395
                                                                    6433
                                                                    6351
                                                                    6400
                                                                    6356

                                                                    6430
                                                                    6363
                                                                    6390
                                                                    6423
                                                                    6426
                                                                    6436
                                                                    6406
                                                                    6354
                                                                    6387
                                                                    6428
                                                                    6409
                                                                    6368
                                                                    6365
                                                                    6379
                                                                    6386
                                                                    6364
                                                                    6381
                                                                    6370
                                                                    6378
                                                                    6376
                                                                    6348
                                                                    6394
                                                                    6392
                                                                    6338
                                                                    6344
                                                                    6375
                                                                    6342
25
25
24
23
23
23
23
23
22
22
21
21
19
19
19
19
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
15
15
.659
.425
.063
.866
.816
. 696
.534
.281
.968
.321
.736
.077
. 767
. 665
.515
.249
.795
.657
.424
.069
.773
.196
.015
.710
.556
.438
.288
.834
.600
0.70848
0.70104
0.69359
0.65988
0.62617
0.62471
0.61726
0.58355
0.58209
0.58062
0.57318
0.53947
0.50576
0.49831
0.49087
0.48940
0.48196
0.47451
0.44080
0.43934
0.43788
0.43043
0.42298
0.41554
0.41407
0.40663
0.40516
0.39772
0.39027
                                                                  C-20

-------
  EPA / NSSS                                             15:55  19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY -  DIOXINS/FUJWNS/PCBS
          Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set  to  zero
                                          Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                              ANALYTE
                                                                  EPISODE
                                                                   6374
                                                                   6416
                                                                   6410
                                                                   6414
                                                                   6404
                                                                   6373
                                                                   6413
                                                                   6396
                                                                   6405
                                                                   6360
                                                                   6372
                                                                   6339
                                                                   6380
                                                                   6401
                                                                   6419
                                                                   6438
                                                                   6359
                                                                   6384
                                                                   6383
                                                                   6425
                                                                   6371
                                                                   6367
                                                                   6391
                                                                   6366
                                                                   6412
                                                                   6403
                                                                   6399
                                                                   6343
15
15
13
13
13
13
12
12
11
11
11
10
10
10
9
9
9
8
8
7
7
6
6
6
4
4
4
2
429
318
998
622
423
042
881
207
971
653
591
976
741
313
805
767
230
187
110
544
467
543
267
014
926
722
699
930
0 . 35656
0.35510
0.32139
0.31394
0. 1248
0. 0503
0. 0357
0. 0321
0.29576
0.29430
0.28685
0.27941
0.27196
0.23825
0.23679
0.22934
0.22788
0.22043
0.21299
0.17928
0.14557
0.14521
0.11150
0.07779
0.04408
0.04262
0.00891
0.00745
                                       detect if at least one congener is measured  above  the  minimum level.
                                                       Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                  C-21

-------
  EPA / NSSS                                             15:55  19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES  FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUJWNS/PCBS
           Nonparametric  Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML
                                          Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                                                 EPISODE
                                                                            QUANTITY
                                       detect if at least one congener is measured  above  the  minimum level.
                                                       Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                  C-22

-------
  EPA / NSSS                                             15:55  19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUJWNS/PCBS
           Nonparametric  Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML
                                          Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                                                 EPISODE
                                                                            QUANTITY
35
34
31
29
29
28
28
27
27
26
26
26
26
25
25
25
25
25
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
22
21
21
21
.983
.774
.490
. 867
.307
.578
.074
.115
.061
.861
. 656
.475
.438
.825
. 759
.755
.579
.428
. 976
.966
.883
.706
.534
.518
.331
.119
.092
.018
.921
.881
.971
.969
.625
0.77174
0.76429
0.73058
0.72912
0.72167
0.72131
0.71985
0.68614
0.67870
0.64499
0.61128
0.60383
0.57012
0.56268
0.55523
0.54778
0.54034
0.53887
0.50516
0.47145
0.46999
0.46254
0.45510
0.42139
0.38768
0.38622
0.38475
0.38329
0.38183
0.37438
0.37402
0.37256
0.36511
                                       detect if at least one congener is measured  above  the  minimum level.
                                                       Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                  C-23

-------
  EPA / NSSS                                             15:55  19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES  FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUJWNS/PCBS
           Nonparametric  Substitution Method Estimation Procedure - Nondetects Set to ML
                                          Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                                                 EPISODE
                                                                            QUANTITY
20
19
19
19
19
18
18
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
14.
14.
14.
13
12
12
11
11
. 4 63
.955
. 765
.349
.306
.795
.474
.819
.467
.810
.693
.538
.417
.164
.800
.732
.186
.972
.849
.098
.080
.851
.307
.753
.691
0.36365
0.36219
0.35474
0.34729
0.33985
0.33240
0.32495
0.32349
0.28978
0.28942
0.28796
0.25425
0.25279
0.21908
0.18537
0.15166
0.15020
0.14873
0.11502
0.11356
0.10611
0.09867
0.06496
0.05751
0.05007
                                       detect if at least one congener is measured  above  the  minimum level.
                                                       Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                  C-24

-------
  EPA / NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL  SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUJWNS/PCBS
                 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure -  Nondetects  Set to ^ ML
                                          Cumulative Distribution  for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                              ANALYTE
                                                                   EPISODE
6345
6377
6437
6346
6385
6407
6341
6358
6369
6364
6429
6389
6434
6350
6347
6421
6352
6359
6340
6353
6431
6355
6418
6361
6424
6420
6411
6349
6435
6357
6415
6395
6393
718
470
127
110
99
90
80
78
72
68
68
59
7
7
5
4
52
49
48
47
47
46
42
42
41
40
39
38
7
6
5
5
34
246
244
738
321
263
685
447
581
652
171
014
609
522
187
302
764
822
320
328
764
516
536
488
172
930
794
644
541
796
222
908
230
604
1.00000
0.99854
0.99109
0.98963
0.98927
0.98182
0.98036
0.97890
0.94519
0.93774
0.90403
0.90257
0.90110
0.90075
0.90039
0.89892
0.89148
0.89112
0.88367
0.88221
0.88185
0.88039
0.84668
0.84522
0.84486
0.81115
0.80969
0.80224
0.80188
0.79444
0.79408
0.78663
0.77918
                                                                  C-25

-------
  EPA / NSSS                                             15:55  19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUJWNS/PCBS
                 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation Procedure  - Nondetects  Set to ^ ML
                                          Cumulative Distribution for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs
                                              ANALYTE
                                                                  EPISODE
                                                                    6404
                                                                    6427
                                                                    6402
                                                                    6382
                                                                    6339
                                                                    6433
                                                                    6351
                                                                    6400
                                                                    6356
                                                                    6397
                                                                    6430
                                                                    6409
                                                                    6387
                                                                    6363
                                                                    6390
                                                                    6423
                                                                    6426
                                                                    6436
                                                                    6406
                                                                    6354
                                                                    6428
                                                                    6348
                                                                    6392
                                                                    6344
                                                                    6378
                                                                    6370
                                                                    6365
                                                                    6374
                                                                    6416
                                                                    6368
                                                                    6379
                                                                    6375
                                                                    6386
34
31
29
28
27
27
27
25
25
25
25
24
24
23
23
23
23
23
22
22
22
22
21
21
.287
.440
.307
.098
.677
.061
.019
.775
.709
.590
. 269
.817
.299
.921
.891
.701
.534
.306
.993
.621
.297
.065
.606
.363
0.74548
0.73803
0.73657
0.73621
0.73474
0.72730
0.69359
0.65988
0.65243
0.64499
0.63754
0.60383
0.59638
0.56268
0.52897
0.52750
0.52006
0.48635
0.48488
0.48342
0.47597
0.44227
0.43482
0.42737
                                       detect if at least one congener is measured  above  the  minimum level.
                                                       Using WHO set of TEFs
                                                                  C-26

-------
  EPA / NSSS                                             15:55   19SEP01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK10.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE  NATIONAL  SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FUJWNS/PCBS
                 Nonparametric Substitution Method Estimation  Procedure -  Nondetects  Set to ^ ML
                                          Cumulative Distribution  for Dioxins/Furans/PCBs

                                              ANALYTE              EPISODE

                                                                    6381
                                                                    6376
                                                                    6373
                                                                    6413
                                                                    6405
                                                                    6394
                                                                    6338
                                                                    6342
                                                                    6401
                                                                    6419
                                                                    6414
                                                                    6410
                                                                    6425
                                                                    6371
                                                                    6396
                                                                    6380
                                                                    6360
                                                                    6372
                                                                    6367
                                                                    6391
                                                                    6366
                                                                    6412
                                                                    6403
                                                                    6438
                                                                    6399
                                                                    6384
                                                                    6383
                                                                    6343
                                                                  C-27

-------
APPENDIX D: EMPIRICAL CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF NATIONAL Toxic
EQUIVALENTS FROM THE 2001 NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY BY FLOW
GROUPS
Exhibit 1—Dioxin and Furan TEQs - POTWs with Flows of > 1 MOD
       Nondetects Set to Zero	  D-l
       Nondetects Set to One-half ML	  D-4
       Nondetects Set to ML  	  D-7

Exhibit 2—Coplanar PCB TEQs - POTWs with Flows of >  1 MOD
       Nondetects Set to Zero	D-10
       Nondetects Set to One-half ML  	D-13
       Nondetects Set to ML	D-16

Exhibit 3—Total Dioxin/Furan/Coplanar PCB TEQ - POTWs with Flows of > 1 MOD
       Nondetects Set to Zero	D-19
       Nondetects Set to One-half ML  	D-22
       Nondetects Set to ML  	D-25

Exhibit 4 —Dioxin and Furan TEQs - POTWs with Flows of < 1 MOD
       Nondetects Set to Zero  	D-28
       Nondetects Set to One-half ML  	D-29
       Nondetects Set to ML  	D-30

Exhibit 5—Coplanar PCB TEQs - POTWs with Flows of <  1 MOD
       Nondetects Set to Zero	D-31
       Nondetects Set to One-half ML  	D-32
       Nondetects Set to ML	D-33

Exhibit 6—Total Dioxin/Furan/Coplanar PCB TEQ - POTWs with Flows of < 1 MOD
       Nondetects Set to Zero	D-34
       Nondetects Set to One-half ML  	D-35
       Nondetects Set to ML  	D-36

-------
EPA / NSSS                                                 15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS                          2

                  NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DioxiNS/FURANS
                                 NOHPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO  ZERO
                                                  INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1  MGD
                                                ANALYTE
                                             DlOXIN/FURANS
                                                            EPISODE
                                                                            QTY LOW
6345
6377
6437
6346
6407
6389
6429
6385
6434
6421
6350
6347
6435
6353
6352
6431
6361
6340
6418
6411
6369
6420
6402
6349
6357
6395
6382
6423
6397
6341
6354
6415
6400
6427
6365
682
466.
121.
93.
63.
56.
56.
55.
53.
49.
46.
45.
36.
36.
34.
34.
34.
34.
33.
29.
28.
28.
28.
27.
26.
25.
25.
22.
22.
22.
20.
20.
20.
19.
19.
.30
15
35
15
32
21
02
21
93
33
05
43
34
15
83
78
76
34
07
42
83
58
17
78
66
98
40
42
32
15
69
45
21
96
24
1.00000
0.99499
0.96950
0.96449
0.96326
0.95825
0.95324
0.94823
0.92274
0.92152
0.89602
0.89480
0.88979
0.86430
0.86307
0.86185
0.85684
0.85561
0.85060
0.84559
0.82010
0.79461
0.78960
0.78837
0.78715
0.78592
0.76043
0.75542
0.72993
0.70444
0.69943
0.67393
0.64844
0.62295
0.61794
                                                                                       D-l

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                           15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
 NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS
                NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO
                                 INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                                           EPISODE
                            DIOXIN/FURANS
                                                          2TY LOW
6368
6409
6390
6378
6356
6376
6386
6344
6436
6406
6392
6375
6394
6370
6374
6348
6414
6381
6404
6413
6338
6373
6405
6410
6401
6360
6339
6379
6419
6396
6372
6359
6384
6371
6412
18.89
18.46
18.21
17.72
17.19
17.12
16.33
15.50
15.45
15.38
15.18
15.08
14.98
14.55
14.42
14.02
13.33
13.30
12.49
10.86
10.20
10.10
10.07
9.83
9.40
9.03
8.93
8.42
8.34
8.01
7.51
6.74
6.27
5.71
4.24
0.61293
0.58744
0.56195
0.55694
0.53144
0.50595
0.48046
0.45497
0.42948
0.42447
0.41946
0.39396
0.36847
0.36346
0.35845
0.35344
0.32795
0.32294
0.31793
0.29244
0.29121
0.28620
0.28119
0.27618
0.25069
0.24568
0.22019
0.19470
0.16921
0.14371
0.11822
0.09273
0.06724
0.04175
0.04052
                                                                      D-2

-------
EPA / NSSS                                                15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS

 NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS
               NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO
                                INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD

                              ANALYTE      EPISODE        QTY_LOW      P

                            DIOXIN/FURANS     6399            4.06    0.03551
                                           6343             2.71    0.03050
                                           6438             2.17    0.00501
                                                                     D-3

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                           15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
 NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS
               NONPARAMETRIC  SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO % ML
                                 INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF  > 1  MGD
                                           EPISODE
                            DIOXIN/FURANS
                                                           O.TYHALF
6345
6377
6437
6346
6407
6389
6429
6385
6434
6421
6350
6347
6435
6353
6352
6431
6361
6340
6418
6411
6369
6420
6402
6349
6357
6395
6382
6397
6423
6341
6354
6415
6400
6427
6365
682
466.
121.
93.
63.
56.
56.
55.
53.
49.
46.
45.
36.
36.
34.
34.
34.
34.
33.
29.
28.
28.
28.
27.
26.
26.
25.
22.
22.
22.
20.
20.
20.
20.
19.
.30
15
35
15
32
21
02
26
93
33
10
83
34
15
83
78
76
39
07
42
88
63
17
78
91
13
86
49
42
17
99
50
26
01
29
1.00000
0.99499
0.96950
0.96449
0.96326
0.95825
0.95324
0.94823
0.92274
0.92152
0.89602
0.89480
0.88979
0.86430
0.86307
0.86185
0.85684
0.85561
0.85060
0.84559
0.82010
0.79461
0.78960
0.78837
0.78715
0.78592
0.76043
0.75542
0.72993
0.70444
0.69943
0.67393
0.64844
0.62295
0.61794
                                                                      D-4

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                           15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
 NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS
               NONPARAMETRIC  SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO % ML
                                 INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF  > 1  MGD
                                           EPISODE
                            DIOXIN/FURANS
                                                           O.TYHALF
6368
6409
6390
6378
6356
6376
6386
6344
6436
6406
6392
6375
6394
6370
6374
6348
6414
6381
6404
6413
6338
6373
6405
6410
6401
6339
6360
6379
6419
6396
6372
6359
6384
6371
6412
18.94
18.51
18.26
17.77
17.24
17.17
16.33
15.55
15.45
15.40
15.23
15.15
15.03
14.57
14.47
14.07
13.38
13.30
12.60
10.86
10.25
10.10
10.07
9.88
9.45
9.20
9.08
8.47
8.39
8.06
7.56
6.79
6.32
5.71
4.34
0.61293
0.58744
0.56195
0.55694
0.53144
0.50595
0.48046
0.45497
0.42948
0.42447
0.41946
0.39396
0.36847
0.36346
0.35845
0.35344
0.32795
0.32294
0.31793
0.29244
0.29121
0.28620
0.28119
0.27618
0.25069
0.24568
0.22019
0.19470
0.16921
0.14371
0.11822
0.09273
0.06724
0.04175
0.04052
                                                                      D-5

-------
EPA / NSSS                                                15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS

 NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS
               NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION  PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO H ML
                                INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH  FLOWS OF  > 1 MGD

                              ANALYTE      EPISODE        O.TYHALF      P

                            DIOXIN/FURANS     6399            4.11    0.03551
                                           6343            2.76   0.03050
                                           6438            2.22   0.00501
                                                                     D-6

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                           15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
 NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS
                 NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML
                                 INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                                           EPISODE
                            DIOXIN/FURANS
                                                         QUANTITY
6345
6377
6437
6346
6407
6389
6429
6385
6434
6421
6347
6350
6435
6353
6352
6431
6361
6340
6418
6411
6369
6420
6402
6349
6357
6382
6395
6397
6423
6341
6354
6415
6400
6427
6365
682
466.
121.
93.
63.
56.
56.
55.
53.
49.
46.
46.
36.
36.
34.
34.
34.
34.
33.
29.
28.
28.
28.
27.
27.
26.
26.
22.
22.
22.
21.
20.
20.
20.
19.
.30
15
35
15
32
21
02
31
93
33
23
15
34
15
83
78
76
44
07
42
93
68
17
78
16
31
29
65
42
20
29
55
31
06
34
1.00000
0.99499
0.96950
0.96449
0.96326
0.95825
0.95324
0.94823
0.92274
0.92152
0.89602
0.89101
0.88979
0.86430
0.86307
0.86185
0.85684
0.85561
0.85060
0.84559
0.82010
0.79461
0.78960
0.78837
0.78715
0.78592
0.78091
0.75542
0.72993
0.70444
0.69943
0.67393
0.64844
0.62295
0.61794
                                                                      D-7

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                           15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
 NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS
                 NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML
                                INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS  OF > 1 MGD
                                           EPISODE
                            DIOXIN/FURANS
                                                         QUANTITY
6368
6409
6390
6378
6356
6376
6386
6344
6436
6406
6392
6375
6394
6370
6374
6348
6414
6381
6404
6413
6338
6373
6405
6410
6401
6339
6360
6379
6419
6396
6372
6359
6384
6371
6412
18.99
18.56
18.31
17.82
17.29
17.22
16.33
15.60
15.45
15.43
15.28
15.21
15.08
14.60
14.52
14.12
13.43
13.30
12.71
10.86
10.30
10.10
10.07
9.93
9.50
9.47
9.13
8.52
8.44
8.11
7.61
6.84
6.37
5.71
4.45
0.61293
0.58744
0.56195
0.55694
0.53144
0.50595
0.48046
0.45497
0.42948
0.42447
0.41946
0.39396
0.36847
0.36346
0.35845
0.35344
0.32795
0.32294
0.31793
0.29244
0.29121
0.28620
0.28119
0.27618
0.25069
0.24568
0.22019
0.19470
0.16921
0.14371
0.11822
0.09273
0.06724
0.04175
0.04052
                                                                      D-8

-------
EPA / NSSS                                                15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS

 NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001  SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS
                NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML
                                INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD

                              ANALYTE      EPISODE       QUANTITY      P

                            DIOXIN/FURANS     6399            4.16    0.03551
                                           6343             2.81    0.03050
                                           6438             2.27    0.00501
                                                                     D-9

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                          15:09  13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
     NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001  SURVEY - PCBs
               NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO
                                INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                              ANALYTE
                                       EPISODE
                                                       QTf LOW
6341
6345
6407
6352
6346
6415
6431
6420
6429
6353
6427
6350
6379
6349
6411
6347
6418
6357
6356
6436
6438
6406
6361
6338
6390
6400
6421
6381
6396
6410
6372
6385
6340
6369
6434
58
35.
27.
17.
17.
15.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
9.
9.
9.
8.
7.
7.
7.
7.
6.
5.
5.
5.
5.
4.
4.
4.
4.
3.
3.
3.
.27
95
35
99
17
38
74
16
99
61
43
09
83
76
23
48
41
29
47
84
60
59
41
24
61
52
44
12
20
17
08
00
93
77
60
1
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.00000
99499
98998
98497
98375
98252
95703
95202
94701
94200
94077
93576
93454
90905
90782
88233
87732
87231
87108
84559
84058
83557
83056
82934
82433
81932
79383
76833
76332
73783
71234
68685
66136
65635
63085
                                                                    D-10

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                         15:09  13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
     NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY -  PCBs
               NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO
                                INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                              ANALYTE
                                       EPISODE
                                                       QTf LOW
6370
6389
6397
6348
6373
6377
6360
6359
6386
6382
6339
6413
6384
6405
6371
6394
6354
6419
6395
6437
6392
6409
6423
6402
6374
6404
6401
6344
6368
6375
6412
6399
6435
6414
6365
3
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.52
40
10
00
94
82
62
49
47
22
05
02
92
90
76
73
63
47
46
39
38
31
28
14
00
94
91
79
77
75
69
64
46
29
28
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.62963
62462
61961
59412
56862
56361
53812
51263
48714
46165
45664
43114
42992
40443
39942
39819
39318
36769
34220
31671
31170
28620
26071
23522
23399
22899
20349
19848
17299
14750
12201
11700
11199
08650
08149
                                                                    D-ll

-------
EPA / NSSS                                               15:09  13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS

     NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL  SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
               NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO
                               INCLUDES ONLY  POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD

                              ANALYTE    EPISODE        QTY_LOW      P

                              PCBs      6343            0.22    0.07648
                                        6376            0.07    0.05098
                                        6378            0.05    0.02549
                                                                   D-12

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                          15:09  13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
     NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001  SURVEY - PCBs
               NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS  SET TO % ML
                                INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                                       EPISODE
                                                       O.TYHALF
6341
6385
6369
6359
6345
6407
6404
6339
6352
6346
6415
6340
6431
6420
6429
6353
6427
6350
6379
6349
6411
6347
6418
6357
6395
6356
6348
6373
6436
6438
6406
6361
6413
6405
6371
58.27
44.00
43.77
42.53
35.95
27.36
21.69
18.48
17.99
17.17
15.41
13.94
12.74
12.16
11.99
11.61
11.43
11.09
10.83
10.76
10.23
9.48
9.42
9.31
9.10
8.47
8.00
7.97
7.86
7.60
7.59
7.41
7.02
6.90
6.76
1.00000
0.99499
0.96950
0.94401
0.91851
0.91350
0.90849
0.88300
0.85751
0.85629
0.85506
0.82957
0.82456
0.81955
0.81454
0.80953
0.80830
0.80329
0.80207
0.77658
0.77535
0.74986
0.74485
0.73984
0.73861
0.71312
0.68763
0.66214
0.65713
0.65212
0.64711
0.64210
0.64087
0.63965
0.63464
                                                                    D-13

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                          15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
     NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
               NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO H ML
                                INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                              ANALYTE
                                        EPISODE
                                                       O.TYHALF
6419
6437
6392
6409
6338
6374
6370
6401
6344
6412
6399
6390
6400
6421
6343
6381
6396
6410
6377
6372
6375
6434
6389
6397
6378
6360
6386
6382
6384
6394
6354
6435
6414
6423
6365
6
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
4.
4.
4.
4.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.49
39
38
31
24
03
02
94
81
71
66
64
52
44
24
14
20
17
09
08
76
60
40
10
06
62
47
24
94
73
63
46
29
28
28
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.63341
60792
60291
57742
55193
54692
54191
53690
53189
50640
50139
49638
49137
46587
44038
41489
40988
38439
35890
33340
30791
28242
28119
27618
25069
22520
19971
17422
16921
14371
13871
11321
08772
08271
05722
                                                                    D-14

-------
EPA / NSSS                                               15:09   13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS

     NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
              NONPARAMETRIC  SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS  SET TO H ML
                               INCLUDES ONLY  POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD

                              ANALYTE    EPISODE        O.TYHALF      P

                               PCBs       6402             1.14    0.05221
                                        6376            1.08    0.05098
                                        6368            0.77    0.02549
                                                                   D-15

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                         15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
     NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
                NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML
                                INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                                       EPISODE
                                                      QUANTITY
6385
6369
6359
6341
6404
6345
6339
6407
6340
6352
6346
6395
6415
6348
6373
6431
6420
6413
6429
6405
6371
6353
6419
6427
6437
6392
6409
6350
6374
6401
6344
6379
6349
6412
6399
84
83.
82.
58.
42.
35.
34.
27.
23.
17.
17.
16.
15.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
.00
77
57
27
44
95
91
37
94
99
17
73
43
00
99
74
16
02
99
90
76
61
52
43
40
38
31
09
05
96
84
83
76
74
69
1
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.00000
97451
94902
92352
91851
89302
88801
86252
85751
85250
85128
85005
82456
79907
77357
76856
76355
75854
75732
75231
74730
74607
74485
71936
71435
70934
68385
65835
65713
65212
64711
62162
59612
59490
58989
                                                                   D-16

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                         15:09  13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
     NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
                NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE  - NONDETECTS SET TO ML
                                INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                              ANALYTE
                                       EPISODE
                                                      QUANTITY
6343
6411
6347
6418
6357
6370
6356
6436
6438
6406
6361
6375
6338
6378
6390
6400
6421
6377
6381
6396
6410
6372
6434
6389
6397
6360
6386
6435
6414
6365
6382
6376
6384
6394
6354
10
10.
9.
9.
9.
8.
8.
7.
7.
7.
7.
6.
6.
6.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
4.
4.
4.
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
.27
23
48
43
34
52
47
89
60
59
41
76
24
06
66
52
44
37
17
20
17
08
60
40
10
62
47
46
30
29
27
08
97
73
63
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.58488
55939
53390
52889
52388
52265
51764
49215
48714
48213
47712
47589
45040
44539
41990
41489
38940
36391
33841
33340
30791
28242
25693
25570
25069
22520
19971
17422
14872
14371
13871
13370
10820
08271
07770
                                                                    D-17

-------
EPA / NSSS                                               15:09  13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS

     NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
                NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE  - NONDETECTS SET TO ML
                               INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD

                             ANALYTE    EPISODE       QUANTITY      P

                              PCBs      6423             1.29    0.05221
                                        6402             1.14    0.02672
                                        6368             0.77    0.02549
                                                                   D-18

-------
    EPA / NSSS
                                                               15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                    NOHPARAMETRIC  SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO
                                     INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                                   ANALYTE
                                                    EPISODE
                                                                    QTf LOW
TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS 6345
6377
6437
6346
6407
6341
6429
6389
6385
6434
6350
6347
6421
6352
6353
6431
6418
6361
6420
6411
6349
6340
6435
6357
6415
6369
6427
6402
6382
6395
6400
6356
6397
6390
6423
718.25
468
122
110
90.
80.
68.
59.
59.
57.
57.
54.
54.
52.
47.
47.
42.
42.
40.
39.
38.
38.
36.
35.
35.
32.
31.
29.
27.
27.
25.
25.
25.
23.
23.
.97
.73
.32
67
42
01
61
21
52
14
90
76
82
76
52
48
17
74
64
54
27
80
95
83
60
39
31
62
43
72
66
42
82
70
1.00000
0.99499
0.96950
0.96449
0.96326
0.95825
0.95324
0.94823
0.94322
0.91773
0.91651
0.91528
0.91027
0.88478
0.88355
0.88233
0.87732
0.87231
0.87108
0.86607
0.84058
0.83936
0.83435
0.80885
0.80763
0.78214
0.75665
0.75164
0.75041
0.74540
0.71991
0.69442
0.66892
0.64343
0.63842
                                                                         D-19

-------
    EPA / NSSS
                                                               15:09   13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE  SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                    NOHPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO
                                     INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                                                    EPISODE
                           TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                                                                    2TY LOW
6436
6406
6354
6409
6368
6365
6379
6386
6381
6370
6378
6376
6348
6394
6392
6338
6344
6375
6374
6410
6414
6404
6373
6413
6396
6405
6360
6372
6339
6401
6419
6438
6359
6384
6371
23.28
22.97
22.32
19.77
19.67
19.51
19.25
18.79
18.42
18.07
17.77
17.20
17.01
16.71
16.56
16.44
16.29
15.83
15.43
14.00
13.62
13.42
13.04
12.88
12.21
11.97
11.65
11.59
10.98
10.31
9.80
9.77
9.23
8.19
7.47
0.61293
0.60792
0.60291
0.57742
0.55193
0.52643
0.52142
0.49593
0.47044
0.46543
0.46042
0.43493
0.40944
0.38394
0.37894
0.35344
0.34843
0.32294
0.29745
0.29244
0.26695
0.26194
0.23645
0.23144
0.23021
0.20472
0.19971
0.17422
0.14872
0.12323
0.11822
0.09273
0.08772
0.06223
0.03674
                                                                         D-20

-------
    EPA / NSSS                                                15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                    NOHPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO
                                    INCLUDES ONLY  POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD

                                  ANALYTE            EPISODE        QTY_LOW      P

                           TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS    6412             4.93    0.03551
                                                     6399            4.70    0.03050
                                                     6343            2.93    0.02549
                                                                        D-21

-------
    EPA / NSSS
                                                                15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT  CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                   NOHPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO H ML
                                     INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                                   ANALYTE
                                                     EPISODE
                           TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                                                                     O.TYHALF
6345
6377
6437
6346
6385
6407
6341
6369
6429
6389
6434
6350
6347
6421
6352
6359
6340
6353
6431
6418
6361
6420
6411
6349
6435
6357
6415
6395
6404
6427
6402
6382
6339
6400
6356
718.25
470
127
110
99.
90.
80.
72.
68.
59.
57.
57.
55.
54.
52.
49.
48.
47.
47.
42.
42.
40.
39.
38.
37.
36.
35.
35.
34.
31.
29.
28.
27.
25.
25.
.24
.74
.32
26
68
45
65
01
61
52
19
30
76
82
32
33
76
52
49
17
79
64
54
80
22
91
23
29
44
31
10
68
77
71
1.00000
0.99499
0.96950
0.96449
0.96326
0.93777
0.93276
0.92775
0.90226
0.89725
0.89224
0.89101
0.88979
0.88478
0.85929
0.85806
0.83257
0.82756
0.82633
0.82132
0.81632
0.81509
0.81008
0.78459
0.78336
0.75787
0.75665
0.73115
0.70566
0.68017
0.67516
0.67393
0.66892
0.64343
0.61794
                                                                          D-22

-------
    EPA / NSSS
                                                                15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT  CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                   NOHPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO H ML
                                     INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS  OF > 1 MGD
                                   ANALYTE
                                                     EPISODE
                           TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                                                                     O.TYHALF
6397
6409
6390
6423
6436
6406
6354
6348
6392
6344
6378
6370
6365
6374
6368
6379
6375
6386
6381
6376
6373
6413
6405
6394
6338
6401
6419
6414
6410
6371
6396
6360
6372
6412
6438
25.59
24
23
23
23
22
22
22
21
21
20
20
20
20
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
17
16
16
16
15
14
14
14
12
12
11
11
10
9.
.82
.89
.70
.31
.99
.62
.06
.61
.36
.83
.59
.57
.50
.72
.30
.90
.79
.45
.25
.07
.88
.97
.76
.49
.39
.88
.68
.05
.47
.26
.70
.64
.06
82
0.59245
0.56696
0.54146
0.53645
0.51096
0.50595
0.50094
0.47545
0.44996
0.42447
0.39897
0.37348
0.36847
0.36346
0.35845
0.33296
0.30747
0.28198
0.25648
0.25147
0.22598
0.22097
0.21975
0.21474
0.20973
0.20472
0.19971
0.17422
0.16921
0.14371
0.14249
0.11700
0.09151
0.06601
0.06100
                                                                          D-23

-------
    EPA / NSSS                                               15:09   13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                   NOHPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO H ML
                                    INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD

                                  ANALYTE            EPISODE        O.TYHALF      P

                           TOTAL DioxiNS/FURANS/PCBs     6399            9.77    0.05599
                                                     6384            8.26    0.05098
                                                     6343            8.01    0.02549
                                                                         D-24

-------
    EPA /  NSSS
                                                               15:09   13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                     NOHPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE  - NONDETECTS SET TO ML
                                     INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                                   ANALYTE
                                                     EPISODE
                           TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                                                                   QUANTITY
6345
6377
6385
6437
6369
6346
6407
6359
6341
6429
6389
6340
6434
6350
6347
6404
6421
6352
6353
6431
6339
6395
6418
6361
6420
6411
6435
6349
6357
6415
6427
6409
6402
6382
6348
718.25
471
139
132
112
110
90.
89.
80.
68.
59.
58.
57.
57.
55.
55.
54.
52.
47.
47.
44.
43.
42.
42.
40.
39.
38.
38.
36.
35.
31.
29.
29.
28.
27.
.52
.31
.74
.70
.32
70
41
47
01
61
38
52
24
70
15
76
82
76
52
38
03
50
17
84
64
80
54
50
98
49
87
31
58
11
1.00000
0.99499
0.96950
0.94401
0.93900
0.91350
0.91228
0.90727
0.88178
0.87677
0.87176
0.86675
0.86174
0.86051
0.85929
0.85428
0.82879
0.80329
0.80207
0.80084
0.79583
0.77034
0.74485
0.73984
0.73861
0.73360
0.70811
0.68262
0.68139
0.68017
0.65468
0.64967
0.62417
0.62295
0.61794
                                                                          D-25

-------
    EPA /  NSSS
                                                               15:09   13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                     NOHPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE  - NONDETECTS SET TO ML
                                     INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD
                                   ANALYTE
                                                     EPISODE
                           TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                                                                   QUANTITY
6392
6344
6400
6356
6397
6374
6390
6378
6423
6436
6370
6373
6406
6354
6413
6405
6375
6365
6401
6419
6368
6379
6376
6386
6381
6371
6394
6338
6414
6412
6399
6410
6343
6396
6360
26.66
26
25
25
25
25
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
22
21
21
21
20
19
19
19
19
18
18
17
16
16
15
15
14
14
13
12
11
.44
.82
.76
.75
.58
.97
.88
.71
.33
.12
.09
.02
.92
.88
.97
.97
.62
.46
.95
.77
.35
.31
.79
.47
.47
.81
.54
.73
.19
.85
.10
.08
.31
.75
0.59245
0.56696
0.54146
0.51597
0.49048
0.46499
0.45998
0.45497
0.42948
0.40398
0.39897
0.39396
0.38895
0.38394
0.35845
0.35723
0.35222
0.32673
0.32172
0.31671
0.29121
0.26572
0.24023
0.21474
0.18925
0.18424
0.18301
0.17800
0.17299
0.16798
0.16297
0.15796
0.13247
0.10698
0.08149
                                                                          D-26

-------
    EPA / NSSS                                                15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS

NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001  SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                     NOHPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML
                                    INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF > 1 MGD

                                  ANALYTE            EPISODE       QUANTITY      P

                           TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS    6372            11.69    0.05599
                                                     6438            9.87    0.03050
                                                     6384            8.34    0.02549
                                                                        D-27

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                       15:09  13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
 NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001  SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS
               NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE -  NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO
                              INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF • •! MGD
                          DIOXIN/FURANS
EPISODE

  6355
 6424
 6393
 6351
 6433
 6430
 6358
 6428
 6387
 6363
 6426
 6364
 6416
 6380
 6342
 6383
 6425
 6391
 6367
 6366
 6403
2TY_LOW

  33.31
 32.12
 31.00
 25.53
 25.01
 23.67
 23.05
 20.86
 19.65
 17.17
 15.25
 14.04
 12.60
 10.68
 10.17
  6.30
  6.09
  5.43
  5.00
  4.45
  3.63
                                                                 1.00000
                                                                0.95238
                                                                0.90476
                                                                0.85714
                                                                0.80952
                                                                0.76190
                                                                0.71429
                                                                0.66667
                                                                0.61905
                                                                0.57143
                                                                0.52381
                                                                0.47619
                                                                0.42857
                                                                0.38095
                                                                0.33333
                                                                0.28571
                                                                0.23810
                                                                0.19048
                                                                0.14286
                                                                0.09524
                                                                0.04762
                                                                D-28

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                       15:09  13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
 NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS
              NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO % ML
                              INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF  • •! MGD
                          DIOXIN/FURANS
EPISODE

  6355
 6424
 6393
 6351
 6433
 6430
 6358
 6428
 6387
 6363
 6426
 6364
 6416
 6380
 6342
 6383
 6425
 6391
 6367
 6366
 6403
O.TYHALF

  33.36
 32.21
 31.17
 25.58
 25.01
 23.67
 23.05
 20.93
 19.70
 17.22
 15.25
 14.50
 12.65
 10.73
 10.24
  6.35
  6.23
  5.48
  5.05
  4.50
  3.73
                                                                 1.00000
                                                                0.95238
                                                                0.90476
                                                                0.85714
                                                                0.80952
                                                                0.76190
                                                                0.71429
                                                                0.66667
                                                                0.61905
                                                                0.57143
                                                                0.52381
                                                                0.47619
                                                                0.42857
                                                                0.38095
                                                                0.33333
                                                                0.28571
                                                                0.23810
                                                                0.19048
                                                                0.14286
                                                                0.09524
                                                                0.04762
                                                                D-29

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                       15:09  13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
 NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001  SURVEY - DIOXINS/FURANS
               NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML
                              INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF • •! MGD
                          DIOXIN/FURANS
EPISODE

  6355
 6424
 6393
 6351
 6433
 6430
 6358
 6428
 6387
 6363
 6426
 6364
 6416
 6380
 6342
 6383
 6425
 6391
 6367
 6366
 6403
QUANTITY

   33.41
  32.30
  31.34
  25.63
  25.01
  23.67
  23.05
  20.99
  19.75
  17.27
  15.25
  14.97
  12.70
  10.78
  10.32
   6.40
   6.37
   5.53
   5.10
   4.55
   3.83
                                                                 1.00000
                                                                0.95238
                                                                0.90476
                                                                0.85714
                                                                0.80952
                                                                0.76190
                                                                0.71429
                                                                0.66667
                                                                0.61905
                                                                0.57143
                                                                0.52381
                                                                0.47619
                                                                0.42857
                                                                0.38095
                                                                0.33333
                                                                0.28571
                                                                0.23810
                                                                0.19048
                                                                0.14286
                                                                0.09524
                                                                0.04762
                                                                D-30

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                       15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
     NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
               NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO
                              INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF • »1 MGD
                            ANALYTE
                                     EPISODE

                                       6358
                                      6355
                                      6426
                                      6363
                                      6342
                                      6424
                                      6364
                                      6393
                                      6416
                                      6387
                                      6433
                                      6383
                                      6366
                                      6367
                                      6425
                                      6403
                                      6391
                                      6351
                                      6430
                                      6428
                                      6380
2TY_LOW

  55.54
 13.18
  8.28
  6.69
  5.43
  5.40
  4.62
  3.43
  2.72
    08
    05
    81
    56
    54
    45
    09
  0.84
  0.43
  0.39
  0.21
  0.06
 1.00000
0.95238
0.90476
0.85714
0.80952
0.76190
0.71429
0.66667
0.61905
0.57143
0.52381
0.47619
0.42857
0.38095
0.33333
0.28571
0.23810
0.19048
0.14286
0.09524
0.04762
                                                                D-31

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                          15:09   13NOV01   M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
     NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - PCBs
               NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO H ML
                                INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF • »1 MGD
                              ANALYTE
                                        EPISODE
                                                       O.TYHALF
6358
6364
6355
6424
6426
6416
6363
6366
6367
6425
6403
6391
6342
6387
6393
6433
6383
6430
6351
6428
6380
55
53.
13.
9.
8.
7.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
5.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.54
67
18
72
28
72
70
59
57
45
12
86
46
60
43
05
81
60
44
37
06
1.00000
0.95238
0.90476
0.85714
0.80952
0.76190
0.71429
0.66667
0.61905
0.57143
0.52381
0.47619
0.42857
0.38095
0.33333
0.28571
0.23810
0.19048
0.14286
0.09524
0.04762
                                                                    D-32

-------
EPA / NSSS
                                                         15:09  13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
     NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY -  PCBs
                NONPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML
                                INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF • »1 MGD
                              ANALYTE
                                       EPISODE
                                                      QUANTITY
6364
6358
6424
6355
6416
6366
6367
6425
6403
6391
6426
6387
6363
6342
6393
6430
6428
6351
6380
6433
6383
102
55.
14.
13.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
8.
7.
6.
5.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
.72
54
04
18
73
61
59
45
14
89
28
11
70
48
43
81
52
44
07
05
81
1.00000
0.95238
0.90476
0.85714
0.80952
0.76190
0.71429
0.66667
0.61905
0.57143
0.52381
0.47619
0.42857
0.38095
0.33333
0.28571
0.23810
0.19048
0.14286
0.09524
0.04762
                                                                    D-33

-------
    EPA / NSSS
                                                           15:09   13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                   NOHPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ZERO
                                   INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF • »1 MGD
                                 ANALYTE
                                                 EPISODE
                         TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS    6358
                                                  6355
                                                  6424
                                                  6393
                                                  6433
                                                  6351
                                                  6430
                                                  6363
                                                  6426
                                                  6387
                                                  6428
                                                  6364
                                                  6342
                                                  6416
                                                  6380
                                                  6383
                                                  6425
                                                  6367
                                                  6391
                                                  6366
                                                  6403
2TY_LOW

   78.58
 46.49
 37.53
 34.43
 27.06
 25.96
 24.06
 23.87
 23.53
 21.74
 21.08
 18.66
 15.60
 15.32
 10.74
  8.11
  7.54
  6.54
  6.27
  6.01
  4.72
  1.00000
0.95238
0.90476
0.85714
0.80952
0.76190
0.71429
0.66667
0.61905
0.57143
0.52381
0.47619
0.42857
0.38095
0.33333
0.28571
0.23810
0.19048
0.14286
0.09524
0.04762
                                                                     D-34

-------
    EPA / NSSS
                                                           15:09   13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                  NOHPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO H ML
                                   INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF • »1 MGD
                                 ANALYTE
                         TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
EPISODE

   6358
 6364
 6355
 6424
 6393
 6433
 6351
 6430
 6387
 6363
 6426
 6428
 6416
 6342
 6425
 6380
 6367
 6391
 6366
 6403
 6383
O.TYHALF

   78.58
 68.17
 46.54
 41.93
 34.60
 27.06
 27.02
 25.27
 24.30
 23.92
 23.53
 22.30
 20.37
 15.70
 12.68
 11.80
 11.62
 11.34
 11.09
  9.85
  8.16
                                                                           1.00000
                                                                         0.95238
                                                                         0.90476
                                                                         0.85714
                                                                         0.80952
                                                                         0.76190
                                                                         0.71429
                                                                         0.66667
                                                                         0.61905
                                                                         0.57143
                                                                         0.52381
                                                                         0.47619
                                                                         0.42857
                                                                         0.38095
                                                                         0.33333
                                                                         0.28571
                                                                         0.23810
                                                                         0.19048
                                                                         0.14286
                                                                         0.09524
                                                                         0.04762
                                                                     D-35

-------
    EPA / NSSS
                                                           15:09   13NOV01  M:\PW\SLUDGE\REQ165\R165AK20.SAS
NATIONAL POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION PERCENTILE ESTIMATES FROM THE NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE 2001 SURVEY - TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
                    NOHPARAMETRIC SUBSTITUTION METHOD ESTIMATION PROCEDURE - NONDETECTS SET TO ML
                                   INCLUDES ONLY POTWs WITH FLOWS OF • »1 MGD
                                 ANALYTE
                         TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS/PCBS
EPISODE

   6364
 6358
 6355
 6424
 6393
 6351
 6433
 6387
 6430
 6416
 6363
 6426
 6428
 6425
 6367
 6391
 6366
 6342
 6403
 6380
 6383
QUANTITY

   117.69
  78.58
  46.59
  46.33
  34.77
  28.07
  27.06
  26.86
  26.48
  25.43
  23.98
  23.53
  23.52
  17.82
  16.69
  16.42
  16.16
  15.80
  14.97
  12.85
   8.21
                                                                           1.00000
                                                                         0.95238
                                                                         0.90476
                                                                         0.85714
                                                                         0.80952
                                                                         0.76190
                                                                         0.71429
                                                                         0.66667
                                                                         0.61905
                                                                         0.57143
                                                                         0.52381
                                                                         0.47619
                                                                         0.42857
                                                                         0.38095
                                                                         0.33333
                                                                         0.28571
                                                                         0.23810
                                                                         0.19048
                                                                         0.14286
                                                                         0.09524
                                                                         0.04762
                                                                     D-36

-------