United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
2004 Edition of the Drinking
Water Standards and Health
Advisories
-------
2004 Edition of the Drinking Water
Standards and Health Advisories
EPA 822-R-04-005
Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC
Winter 2004
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed on paper that contains
at least 50% recycled fiber.
-------
The Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories tables are revised periodically by EPA's
Office of Water on an "as needed" basis. The following information should be kept in mind
when using the Tables:
Reference dose (RfD) values are updated to reflect the values in the Integrated Risk
Information System (IRIS), and the Drinking Water Equivalent Level (DWEL) has been
calculated accordingly. Thus, both the RfD and DWEL in the Tables differ from the
values in the Health Advisory document if the IRIS RfD is more recent than the Health
Advisory document value. RfD values from IRIS that differ from the values in the Health
Advisory documents are presented in BOLD type. For unregulated chemicals with a new
IRIS RfD, the lifetime Health Advisory was calculated from the DWEL using the relative
source contribution value published in the Health Advisory. For regulated chemicals,
where the revised lifetime value differed from the Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
(MCLG), no lifetime value was provided in the Table.
For regulated chemicals, the cancer group designation and 10"4 cancer risk reflect the
status at the time of regulation. For unregulated chemicals, the cancer group designation
or cancer classification and 10"4 cancer risk reflect the values presently on IRIS. New
IRIS cancer designations and 10"4 cancer risk values are presented in BOLD type.
Several pesticides listed in IRIS have been re-evaluated by the Office of Pesticide
Programs (OPP) resulting in an RfD other than that in IRIS. For these pesticides, the IRIS
value is listed in the Table, and the newer OPP value is given in a footnote.
In some cases there is a Health Advisory value for a contaminant but there is no reference
to a Health Advisory document. These Health Advisory values can be found in the
Drinking Water Criteria Document for the contaminant.
With a few exceptions, the Health Advisory values have been rounded to one significant
figure.
The Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories tables may be reached from the Water
Science home page at
http://www.epa.gov/waterscience
The tables are accessed under the Health Advisories heading.
(i)
-------
Copies may be ordered free of charge from
SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
1-800-426-4791
Monday thru Friday, 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM EST
Copies of the supporting technical documentation for the health advisories can be ordered for a
fee on the Internet at
http://www.epa.gov/OST/orderpubs.html
or from
Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC)
1929 Kenny Road
Columbus, OH 43210-1080
Telephone number 614-292-6717; 1-800-276-0462
FAX 614-292-0263
e-mail ERICSE@osu.edu
Payment by Purchase Order/Check/Visa or Mastercard
For further information regarding the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories, call the
Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791 or 703-285-1093.
(11)
-------
DEFINITIONS
The following definitions for terms used in the Tables are not all-encompassing, and should not
be construed to be "official" definitions. They are intended to assist the user in understanding
terms found on the following pages.
Action Level: The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other
requirements which a water system must follow. It is the level of lead or copper which, if
exceeded in over 10% of the homes tested, triggers treatment.
Cancer Classification: A descriptive weight-of-evidence judgment as to the likelihood that an
agent is a human carcinogen and the conditions under which the carcinogenic effects may be
expressed. Under the 1999 EP'A Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment.,
descriptive terms for carcinogenicity replace the earlier alpha numeric Cancer Group
designations (US EPA 1986 guidelines). The suggested descriptive terms are as follows:
Carcinogenic to humans
Likely to be carcinogenic to humans
Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential
Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential
Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans
Cancer Group: A qualitative weight-of-evidence judgement as to the likelihood that a chemical
may be a carcinogen for humans. Each chemical is placed into one of the following five
categories (US EPA 1986 guidelines):
Group Category
A Human carcinogen
B Probable human carcinogen:
Bl indicates limited human evidence
B2 indicates sufficient evidence in animals and inadequate or no evidence in
humans
C Possible human carcinogen
D Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity
E Evidence of noncarcinogenicity for humans
This categorization is based on EPA's 1986 Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. The
Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment., which were published in 1999, have
replaced the 1986 cancer guidelines on an interim basis for new assessments.
(in)
-------
10~4 Cancer Risk: The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess
estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 10,000.
Drinking Water Advisory: A nonregulatory concentration of a contaminant in water that is
likely to be without adverse effects on both health and aesthetics.
DWEL: Drinking Water Equivalent Level. A lifetime exposure concentration protective of
adverse, non-cancer health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from
drinking water.
HA: Health Advisory. An estimate of acceptable drinking water levels for a chemical substance
based on health effects information; a Health Advisory is not a legally enforceable Federal
standard, but serves as technical guidance to assist Federal, State, and local officials.
One-Day HA: The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to
cause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for up to one day of exposure. The One-Day
HA is normally designed to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day.
Ten-Day HA: The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to
cause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure. The Ten-Day
HA is also normally designed to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day.
Lifetime HA: The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to
cause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for a lifetime of exposure. The Lifetime HA is
based on exposure of a 70-kg adult consuming 2 liters of water per day. The Lifetime HA
for Group C carcinogens includes an adjustment for possible carcinogenicity.
LED10: Lower Limit on Effective Dose10. The 95% lower confidence limit of the dose of a
chemical needed to produce an adverse effect in 10% of those exposed to the chemical, relative
to the control.
MCLG: Maximum Contaminant Level Goal. A non-enforceable health goal which is set at a
level at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons occurs and which
allows an adequate margin of safety.
MCL: Maximum Contaminant Level. The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in
drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLG as feasible using the best available analytical
and treatment technologies and taking cost into consideration. MCLs are enforceable standards.
(IV)
-------
RfD: Reference Dose. An estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of
a daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be
without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime.
SDWR: Secondary Drinking Water Regulations. Non-enforceable Federal guidelines regarding
cosmetic effects (such as tooth or skin discoloration) or aesthetic effects (such as taste, odor, or
color) of drinking water.
TT: Treatment Technique. A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in
drinking water.
(v)
-------
ABBREVIATIONS
D Draft
F Final
NA Not Applicable
NOAEL No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
OPP Office of Pesticide Programs
P Proposed
Reg Regulation
TT Treatment Technique
(VI)
-------
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Winter 2004
Page 1
Chemicals
ORGANICS
Acenaphthene
Acifluorfen (sodium)
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Alachlor
Aldicarb3
Aldicarb sulfone3
Aldicarb sulfoxide3
Aldrin
Ametryn
Ammonium sulfamate
Anthracene (PAH)5
Atrazine 6
Baygon
Bentazon
Benz[a]anthracene (PAH)
Benzene
Benzo[a]pyrene (PAH)
Benzo[b]fluoranthene (PAH)
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene (PAH)
Benzo[k]fluoranthene (PAH)
bis-2-Chloroisopropyl ether
Bromacil
Bromobenzene
CASRN
Number
83-32-9
62476-59-9
79-06-1
107-13-1
15972-60-8
116-06-3
1646-88-4
1646-87-3
309-00-2
834-12-8
7773-06-0
120-12-7
1912-24-9
114-26-1
25057-89-0
56-55-3
71-43-2
50-32-8
205-99-2
191-24-2
207-08-9
39638-32-9
314-40-9
108-86-1
Standards
Status
Reg.
-
F
F
F4
F4
F4
-
-
-
-
F
-
-
-
F
F
-
-
-
-
-
-
MCLG
(mg/L)
-
-
zero
-
zero
0.001
0.001
0.001
-
-
-
-
0.003
-
-
-
zero
zero
-
-
-
-
-
-
MCL
(mg/L)
-
-
TT1
-
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
-
-
-
-
0.003
-
-
-
0.005
0.0002
-
-
-
-
-
-
Status
HA
Document
-
F'88
F'87
-
F '88
F '95
F'95
F'95
F '92
F '88
F'88
-
F '88
F '88
F'99
-
F '87
-
-
-
-
F '89
F'88
D'86
Health Advisories
10-kg Child
One-day
(mg/L)
-
2
1.5
-
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0003
9
20
-
-
0.04
0.3
-
0.2
-
-
-
-
4
5
4
Ten-day
(mg/L)
-
2
0.3
-
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0003
9
20
-
-
0.04
0.3
-
0.2
-
-
-
-
4
5
4
RfD
(mg/kg/day)
0.06
0.01
0.0002
-
0.01
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.00003
0.009
0.2
0.3
0.035
0.004
0.03
-
0.004
-
-
-
-
0.04
0.1
-
DWEL Li
(mg/L) tir
(m?
2
0.4
0.007
-
0.4
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.001
mg/L at
Pe- 10 4 Cancer
tie Risk
/L)
-
0.1
0.0008
0.006
0.042
-
-
-
0.0002
0.3 0.06
8 2
10
1
-
-
-
0.1 0.003
1 0.2
-
0.1
-
-
-
-
-
0.1
0.0005
-
-
-
1 0.3
5 0.09
-
-
Cancer
Group
-
B2
B2
Bl
B2
D
D
D
B2
D
D
D
C
C
E
B2
A
B2
B2
D
B2
D
C
D
When acrylamide is used in drinking water systems, the combination (or product) of dose and monomer level shall not exceed that equivalent to a polyacrylamide polymer containing
0.05% monomer dosed at 1 mg/L.
Determined not to be carcinogenic at low doses by OPP.
The MCL value for any combination of two or more of these three chemicals should not exceed 0.007 mg/L because of similar mode of action.
Administrative stay of the effective date.
PAH = Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
Under review.
-------
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Winter 2004
Page 2
Chemicals
Bromochloromethane
Bromodichloromethane
(THM)
Bromoform (THM)
Bromomethane
Butyl benzyl phthalate (PAE)3
Butylate
Carbaryl
Carbofuran1
Carbon tetrachloride
Carboxin
Chloramben
Chlordane
Chloroform (THM)
Chloromethane
Chlorophenol (2-)
Chlorothalonil
Chlorotoluene o-
Chlorotoluene p-
Chlorpyrifos5
Chrysene (PAH)
Cyanazine
CASRN
Number
74-97-5
75-27-4
75-25-2
74-83-9
85-68-7
2008-41-5
63-25-2
1563-66-2
56-23-5
5234-68-4
133-90-4
57-74-9
67-66-3
74-87-3
95-57-8
1897-45-6
95-49-8
106-43-4
2921-88-2
218-01-9
21725-46-2
Standards
Status
Reg.
P
P
-
-
-
-
F
F
-
-
F
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MCLG
(mg/L)
zero
zero
-
-
-
-
0.04
zero
-
-
zero
0.07
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MCL
(mg/L)
0.082
0.082
-
-
-
-
0.04
0.005
-
-
0.002
0.081
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Status
HA
Document
F'89
-
D'89
-
F '89
F '88
F'87
F'87
F '88
F '88
F'87
-
F '89
D'94
F'88
F'89
F '89
F '92
-
D'96
Health Advisories
10-kg Child
One-day
(mg/L)
50
1
5
0.1
-
2
1
0.05
4
1
3
0.06
4
9
0.5
0.2
2
2
0.03
-
0.1
Ten-day
(mg/L)
1
0.06
0.2
0.1
-
2
1
0.05
0.2
1
3
0.06
4
0.4
0.5
0.2
2
2
0.03
-
0.1
RfD
(mg/kg/day)
0.01
0.003
0.03
0.001
0.2
0.05
0.1
0.005
0.0007
0.1
0.015
0.0005
0.01
0.004
0.005
0.015
0.02
0.02
0.003
-
0.002
DWEL
(mg/L)
0.5
0.1
1
0.05
7
2
4
0.2
0.03
4
0.5
0.02
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.1
-
0.07
Life-time
(mg/L)
0.09
-
0.01
-
0.4
0.7
0.04
-
0.7
0.1
-
0.07
0.03
0.04
-
0.1
0.1
0.02
-
0.001
mg/L at
10 4 Cancer
Risk
0.1
0.8
-
-
-
-
-
0.03
-
-
0.01
-
-
-
0.15
-
-
-
-
-
Cancer
Group
D
3
_3
D
C
D
D
E
B2
D
D
B2
4
D
D
B2
D
D
D
B2
1 Under review.
2 1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: The total for trihalomethanes is 0.08 mg/L.
3 Likely to be carcinogenic to humans by all routes of exposure.
4 By the 1999 Draft Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, chloroform is likely to be carcinogenic to humans by all routes of exposure under high-dose conditions that lead to
cytotoxicity and regenerative hyperplasia in susceptible tissues. Chloroform is not likely to be carcinogenic to humans by all routes of exposures at a dose level that does not cause
cytotoxicity and cell regeneration
5 New OPP RfD = 0.0003 mg/kg/day.
-------
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Winter 2004
PageS
Chemicals
Cyanogen chloride1
2,4-D (2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)
DCPA (Dacthal)
Dalapon (sodium salt)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Diazinon2
Dibromochloromethane (THM)
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
Dibutyl phthalate
Dicamba
Dichloroacetic acid
Dichlorobenzene o-
Dichlorobenzene m- 7
Dichlorobenzene p-
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Dichloroethane ( 1 ,2-)
Dichloroethylene (1,1-)
Dichloroethylene (cis-1,2-)
Dichloroethylene (trans- 1 ,2-)
Dichloromethane
Dichlorophenol (2,4-)
Dichloropropane (1,2-)
Dichloropropene (1,3-)
Dieldrin
Diethyl phthalate
CASRN
Number
506-77-4
94-75-7
1861-32-1
75-99-0
103-23-1
117-81-7
333-41-5
124-48-1
96-12-8
84-74-2
1918-00-9
76-43-6
95-50-1
541-73-1
106-46-7
75-71-8
107-06-2
75-35-4
156-59-2
156-60-5
75-09-2
120-83-2
78-87-5
542-75-6
60-57-1
84-66-2
Standards
Status
Reg.
-
F
-
F
F
F
-
P
F
-
-
P
F
-
F
-
F
F
F
F
F
-
F
-
-
-
MCLG
(mg/L)
-
0.07
-
0.2
0.4
zero
-
0.06
zero
-
-
zero
0.6
-
0.075
-
zero
0.007
0.07
0.1
zero
-
zero
-
-
-
MCL
(mg/L)
-
0.07
-
0.2
0.4
0.006
-
0.083
0.0002
-
-
0.065
0.6
-
0.075
-
0.005
0.007
0.07
0.1
0.005
-
0.005
-
-
-
Status
HA
Document
-
F '87
F'88
F'89
-
-
F '88
-
F'87
-
F '88
-
F'87
F '87
F '87
F'89
F'87
F '87
F '90
F'87
D'93
D'94
F'87
F'88
F'88
-
Health Advisories
10-kg Child
One-day
(mg/L)
0.05
1
80
3
20
-
0.02
0.6
0.2
-
0.3
5
9
9
11
40
0.7
2
4
20
10
0.03
-
0.03
0.0005
-
Ten-day
(mg/L)
0.05
0.3
80
3
20
-
0.02
0.6
0.05
-
0.3
5
9
9
11
40
0.7
1
1
1
2
0.03
0.09
0.03
0.0005
-
RfD
(mg/kg/
day)
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.6
0.02
0.00009
0.02
-
0.1
0.03
0.004
0.09
0.09
0.1
0.2
-
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.06
0.003
-
0.03
0.00005
0.8
DWEL
(mg/L)
2
0.4
0.4
0.9
20
0.7
0.003
0.7
-
4
1
0.1
3
3
4
5
-
2
0.4
0.7
2
0.1
-
1
0.002
30
Life-time
(mg/L)
-
0.07
0.07
0.2
0.4
-
0.0006
0.06
-
-
0.2
-
0.6
0.6
0.075
1
-
-
0.07
0.1
-
0.02
-
-
-
mg/L at
10 4 Cancer
Risk
-
-
-
-
3
0.3
-
0.09
0.003
-
-
0.07
-
-
-
-
0.04
0.006
-
-
0.5
-
0.06
0.04
0.0002
-
Cancer
Group
D
D
D
D
C
B2
E
4
B2
D
D
6
D
D
C
D
B2
C
D
D
B2
E
B2
B2
B2
D
Under review.
New OPP RfD = 0.0002 mg/kg/day (pesticides).
1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: The total for trihalomethanes is 0.08 mg/L.
Suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity but not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential.
1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: The total for five haloacetic acids is 0.06 mg/L.
Likely to be a carcinogen to humans.
The values for m-dichlorobenzene are based on data for o-dichlorobenzene.
-------
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Winter 2004
Page 4
Chemicals
Diisopropyl
methylphosphonate
Dimethrin
Dimethyl methylphosphonate
Dimethyl phthalate
Dinitrobenzene (1,3-)
Dinitrotoluene (2,4-)
Dinitrotoluene (2,6-)
Dinitrotoluene (2,6 & 2,4) '
Dinoseb
Dioxane p-
Diphenamid
Diquat
Disulfoton
Dithiane(l,4-)
Diuron
Endothall
Endrin
Epichlorohydrin
Ethylbenzene
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)6
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene Thiourea (ETU)
Fenamiphos
CASRN
Number
1445-75-6
70-38-2
756-79-6
131-11-3
99-65-0
121-14-2
606-20-2
88-85-7
123-91-1
957-51-7
85-00-7
298-04-4
505-29-3
330-54-1
145-73-3
72-20-8
106-89-8
100-41-4
106-93-4
107-21-1
96-45-7
22224-92-6
Standards
Status
Reg.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
-
-
F
-
-
-
F
F
F
F
F
-
-
-
MCLG MCL
(mg/L) (mg/L)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.007 0.007
-
-
0.02 0.02
-
-
-
0.1 0.1
0.002 0.002
zero TT
0.7 0.7
zero 0.00005
-
-
-
Status
HA
Document
F'89
F'88
F'92
-
F'91
F'92
F'92
F'92
F'88
F'87
F'88
-
F'88
F'92
F'88
F'88
F'87
F'87
F'87
F'87
F'87
F'88
F'88
Health Advisories
10-kg Child
One-day
(mg/L)
8
10
2
-
0.04
0.50
0.40
-
0.3
4
0.3
-
0.01
0.4
1
0.8
0.02
0.1
30
0.008
20
0.3
0.009
Ten-day
(mg/L)
8
10
2
-
0.04
0.50
0.40
-
0.3
0.4
0.3
-
0.01
0.4
1
0.8
0.005
0.1
3
0.008
6
0.3
0.009
RfD
(mg/kg/day)
0.08
0.3
0.2
-
0.0001
0.002
0.001
-
0.001
-
0.03
0.0022
0.000043
0.01
0.0024
0.02
0.0003
0.002
0.1
-
2
0.00008
0.000257
DWEL
(mg/L)
3
10
7
-
0.005
0.1
0.04
-
0.04
-
1
0.07
0.001
0.4
0.07
0.7
0.01
0.07
3
-
70
0.003
0.009
Life-time
(mg/L)
0.6
2
0.1
-
0.001
-
-
-
0.007
-
0.2
-
0.0003
0.08
0.01
0.1
0.002
-
0.7
-
14
-
0.002
mg/L at
10 4 Cancer
Risk
-
-
0.7
-
-
0.005
0.005
0.005
-
0.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.3
-
0.00004
-
0.02
-
Cancer
Group
D
D
C
D
D
B2
B2
B2
D
B2
D
D
E
D
D
D
D
B2
D
B2
D
B2
D7
Technical grade.
New OPP RfD = 0.005 mg/kg/day.
New OPP RfD = 0.00013 mg/kg/day.
New OPP RfD = 0.003 mg/kg/day.
When epichlorohydrin is used in drinking water systems, the combination (or product) of dose and monomer level shall not exceed that equivalent to an epichlorohydrin-based polymer
containing 0.01% monomer dosed at 20 mg/L.
1,2-dibromoethane.
New OPP RfD = 0.0001 mg/kg/day; New OPP cancer group E.
-------
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Winter 2004
Page 5
Chemicals
Fluometuron
Fluorene (PAH)
Fonofos
Formaldehyde
Glyphosate
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene3
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexane (n-)
Hexazinone
HMX6
Indeno[l,2,3,-c,d]pyrene
(PAH)
Isophorone
Isopropyl methylphosphonate
Isopropylbenzene (cumene)
Lindane 7
Malathion
Maleic hydrazide
MCPA 10
Methomyl
Methoxychlor
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl parathion
CAS Number
2164-17-2
86-73-7
944-22-9
50-00-0
1071-83-6
76-44-8
1024-57-3
118-74-1
87-68-3
77-47-4
67-72-1
110-54-3
51235-04-2
2691-41-0
193-39-5
78-59-1
1832-54-8
98-82-8
58-89-9
121-75-5
123-33-1
94-74-6
16752-77-5
72-43-5
78-93-3
298-00-0
Standards
Status MCLG MCL
Reg. (mg/L) (mg/L)
; ; ;
.
.
F 0.7 0.7
F zero 0.0004
F zero 0.0002
F zero 0.001
.
F 0.05 0.05
.
.
.
.
.
-
-
.
F 0.0002 0.0002
.
.
.
.
F 0.04 0.04
-
-
Status
HA
Standards
F '88
F'88
D'93
F '88
F'87
F'87
F '87
D'98
-
F'91
F '87
F '96
F'88
-
F '92
F'92
D'87
F '87
F '92
F'88
F'88
F '88
F '87
F'87
F'88
Health Advisories
10-kg Child
One-day
(mg/L)
2
0.02
10
20
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.3
-
5
10
3
5
-
15
30
11
1
0.2
10
0.1
0.3
0.05
75
0.3
Ten-day
(mg/L)
2
0.02
5
20
0.01
-
0.05
0.3
-
5
4
2
5
-
15
30
11
1
0.2
10
0.1
0.3
0.05
7.5
0.3
RfD
(mg/kg/day)
0.01
0.04
0.002
0.2
O.I2
0.0005
0.00001
0.0008
0.00024
0.006
0.001
-
0.055
0.05
-
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0003s
0.02
0.5
0.0005"
0.025
0.005
0.6
0.00025
DWEL
(mg/L)
0.5
1
0.07
7
4
0.02
0.0004
0.03
0.007
0.2
0.04
-
2
2
-
7
4
4
0.01
0.8
20
0.02
0.9
0.2
20
0.009
mg/L at
Life-time 10 4 Cancer
(mg/L) Risk
0.09
0.01
1
0.7
0.0008
0.0004
0.002
0.001 0.05
-
0.001 0.3
-
0.4
0.4
-
0.1 4
0.7
-
0.0002
0.1
4
0.004
0.2
0.04
4
0.002
Cancer
Group
D
D
D
Bl1
D
B2
B2
B2
C
E
C
D
D
D
B2
C
D
D
C
D
D
9
E
D
D
D
1 Carcinogenicity based on inhalation exposure.
2 New OPP RfD = 2 mg/kg/day.
3 Under review.
4 Draft Ambient Water Quality Criteria for the protection of human health (EPA 822-R-98-004)
5 The Health Advisory is based on a new OPP RfD rather than the IRIS RfD.
6 HMX = octahydro-l,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocine.
7 Lindane = y — hexachlorocyclohexane.
8 New OPP RfD = 0.005 mg/kg/day; Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) factor = 3.
9 OPP cancer classification - suggestive evidence of Carcinogenicity but not sufficient to assess human Carcinogenicity potential.
10 MCPA = 4(chloro-2-methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid.
11 New OPP RfD = 0.0015 mg/kg/day.
-------
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Winter 2004
Page 6
Chemicals
Metolachlor
Metribuzin
Monochloroacetic acid
Monochlorobenzene
Naphthalene
Nitrocellulose5
Nitroguanidine
Nitrophenol p-
Oxamyl (Vydate)
Paraquat
Pentachl orophenol
Phenanthrene (PAH)
Phenol
Picloram
Polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs)
Prometon
Pronamide
Propachlor
Propazine
Propham
Pyrene (PAH)
RDX8
Simazine
Styrene
2,4,5-T (Trichlorophenoxy-
acetic acid)
CASRN
Number
51218-45-2
21087-64-9
79-11-8
108-90-7
91-20-3
9004-70-0
556-88-7
100-02-7
23135-22-0
1910-42-5
87-86-5
85-01-8
108-95-2
1918-02-1
1336-36-3
1610-18-0
23950-58-5
1918-16-7
139-40-2
122-42-9
129-00-0
121-82-4
122-34-9
100-42-5
93-76-5
Standards
Status MCLG MCL
Reg. (mg/L) (mg/L)
.
.
P 0.03 0.063
F 0.1 0.1
-
.
-
F 0.2 0.2
-
F zero 0.001
-
.
F 0.5 0.5
F zero 0.0005
.
.
.
-
-
- - -
F 0.004 0.004
F 0.1 0.1
Status
HA
Document
F '88
F'88
-
F '87
F '90
F'88
F'90
F '92
F '87
F'88
F'87
-
D'92
F'88
D'93
F '88
F'88
F'88
F '88
F '88
F'88
F '88
F '87
F'88
Health Advisories
10-kg Child
One-day
(mg/L)
2
5
0.2
4
0.5
10
0.8
0.2
0.1
1
-
6
20
-
0.2
0.8
0.5
1
5
0.1
0.5
20
0.8
Ten-day
(mg/L)
2
5
0.2
4
0.5
10
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.3
-
6
20
-
0.2
0.8
0.5
1
5
0.1
0.5
2
0.8
RfD
(mg/kg/day)
0.151
0.0252
0.004
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.008
0.0256
0.0045
0.03
-
0.3
0.077
-
0.015
0.075
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.003
0.005
0.2
0.01
DWEL
(mg/L)
5
0.9
0.1
0.7
0.7
4
0.3
0.9
0.2
1
-
11
2
-
0.5
3
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.2
7
0.4
Life-time
(mg/L)
0.1
0.2
0.03
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.06
0.2
0.03
-
-
2
0.5
-
0.1
0.05
0.09
0.01
0.1
0.002
0.004
0.1
0.07
mg/L at
10 4 Cancer
Risk
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.03
-
-
-
0.01
-
-
-
-
-
0.03
-
-
Cancer
Group
C
D
4
D
C
D
D
E
C
B2
D
D
D
B2
D
C
D
C
D
D
C
C
C
D
New OPP RfD = 0.1 mg/kg/day.
New OPP RfD = 0.013 mg/kg/day.
1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: the total for five haloacetic acids is 0.06mg/L.
Inadequate for assessment of human carcinogenic potential.
The Health Advisory Document for nitrocellulose does not include HA values and describes this compounds as relatively nontoxic.
New OPP RfD = 0.001 mg/kg/day.
New OPP RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day.
RDX = hexahydro -l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine.
-------
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Winter 2004
Page 7
Chemicals
2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
Tebuthiuron
Terbacil
Terbufos
Tetrachloroethane ( 1 , 1 , 1 ,2-)
Tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-)
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Toluene
Toxaphene
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
Trichloroacetic acid
Trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-)
Trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-)
Trichloroethane (1,1,1-)
Trichloroethane ( 1 , 1 ,2-)
Trichloroethylene 2
Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-)
Trichloropropane (1,2,3-)
Trifluralin
Trimethylbenzene (1,2,4-)
Trimethylbenzene (1,3,5-)
Trinitroglycerol
Trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-)
Vinyl chloride
Xylenes
CASRN
Number
1746-01-6
34014-18-1
5902-51-2
13071-79-9
630-20-6
79-34-5
127-18-4
75-69-4
108-88-3
8001-35-2
93-72-1
76-03-9
120-82-1
108-70-3
71-55-6
79-00-5
79-01-6
88-06-2
96-18-4
1582-09-8
95-63-6
108-67-8
55-63-0
118-96-7
75-01-4
1330-20-7
Standards
Status
Reg.
F
-
-
-
-
-
F
-
F
F
F
P
F
-
F
F
F
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
F
MCLG MCL
(mg/L) (mg/L)
zero 3E-08
-
-
-
-
-
zero 0.005
-
1 1
zero 0.003
0.05 0.05
0.02 0.063
0.07 0.07
-
0.2 0.2
0.003 0.005
zero 0.005
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
zero 0.002
10 10
Status
HA
Document
F'87
F '88
F '88
F'88
F'89
F'89
F '87
F'89
D'93
F'96
F '88
-
F'89
F'89
F '87
F '89
F'87
D'94
F '89
F'90
D'87
D'87
F'87
F'89
F'87
D'93
Health Advisories
10-kg Child
One-day
(mg/L)
1E-06
3
0.3
0.005
2
0.04
2
7
20
0.004
0.2
3
0.1
0.6
100
0.6
-
0.03
0.6
0.08
-
10
0.005
0.02
3
40
Ten-day
(mg/L)
1E-07
3
0.3
0.005
2
0.04
2
7
2
0.004
0.2
3
0.1
0.6
40
0.4
-
0.03
0.6
0.08
-
-
0.005
0.02
3
40
RfD
(mg/kg/day)
1E-09
0.07
0.01
0.00011
0.03
0.00005
0.01
0.3
0.2
0.0004
0.008
0.03
0.01
0.006
0.035
0.004
0.007
0.0003
0.006
0.00755
-
-
-
0.0005
0.003
0.2
DWEL
(mg/L)
4E-08
2
0.4
0.005
1
0.002
0.5
10
7
0.01
0.3
1
0.4
0.2
1
0.1
0.2
0.01
0.2
0.3
-
-
-
0.02
0.1
7
Life-time
(mg/L)
-
0.5
0.09
0.0009
0.07
0.0003
0.01
2
1
-
0.05
0.02
0.07
0.04
0.2
0.003
-
-
0.04
0.005
-
-
0.005
0.002
-
-
mg/L at 10 4
Cancer Risk
2E-08
-
-
-
0.1
0.02
-
-
-
0.003
-
-
-
-
-
0.06
0.3
0.3
-
0.5
-
-
0.2
0.1
0.002
-
Cancer
Group
B2
D
E
D
C
C
-
D
D
B2
D
4
D
D
D
C
B2
B2
-
C
D
D
-
C
A
D
1 New OPP RfD = 0.00005
2 Under review.
3
1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: The total for five haloacetic acids is 0.06 mg/L.
4 Suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity.
5 New OPP RfD = 0.024 mg/kg/day.
-------
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Winter 2004
Page 8
Chemicals
INORGANICS
Ammonia
Antimony
Arsenic
Asbestos (fibers/1 >10)im
length)
Barium
Beryllium
Boron3
Bromate
Cadmium
Chloramine4
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorite
Chromium (total)
Copper (at tap)
Cyanide3
Fluoride3
Lead (at tap)
Manganese
Mercury (inorganic)
Molybdenum
Nickel
CASRN
Number
7664-41-7
7440-36-0
7440-38-2
1332-21-4
7440-39-3
7440-41-7
7440-42-8
7789-38-0
7440-43-9
10599-90-3
7782-50-5
10049-04-4
7758-19-2
7440-47-3
7440-50-8
143-33-9
7681-49-4
7439-92-1
7439-96-5
7487-94-7
7439-98-7
7440-02-0
Standards
Status
Reg.
-
F
F
F
F
F
-
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
-
F
-
F
MCLG
(mg/L)
-
0.006
zero
7MFL1
2
0.004
-
zero
0.005
45
45
0.85
0.8
0.1
1.3
0.2
4
zero
-
0.002
-
-
MCL
(mg/L)
-
0.006
0.01
7MFL
2
0.004
-
0.01
0.005
45
45
0.85
1
0.1
TT7
0.2
4
TT7
-
0.002
-
-
Status
HA
Document
D'92
F'92
D'95
-
D'93
F'92
D'92
D'98
F'87
D'95
D'95
D'98
D'98
F'87
D'98
F '87
-
-
-
F '87
D'93
F'95
Health Advisories
10-kg Child
One-day
(mg/L)
-
0.01
-
-
0.7
30
4
0.2
0.04
1
3
0.84
0.84
1
-
0.2
-
-
1
0.002
0.08
1
Ten-day
(mg/L)
-
0.01
-
-
0.7
30
0.9
-
0.04
1
3
0.84
0.84
1
-
0.2
-
-
1
0.002
0.08
1
RfD
(mg/kg/day)
-
0.0004
0.0003
-
0.07
0.002
0.09
0.004
0.0005
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0036
-
0.02s
0.069
-
0.1410
0.0003
0.005
0.02
DWEL
(mg/L)
-
0.01
0.01
-
2
0.07
3
0.14
0.02
3.5
5
1
1
0.1
-
0.8
-
-
1.6
0.01
0.2
0.7
Life-time
(mg/L)
30
0.006
-
-
2
-
0.6
-
0.005
3.0
4
0.8
0.8
-
-
0.2
-
-
0.3
0.002
0.04
0.1
mg/L at 10 4
Cancer Risk
-
-
-
700-MFL
-
-
-
0.005
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cancer
Group
D
D
A
A2
D
-
D
B2
D
-
D
D
D
D
D
D
-
B2
D
D
D
-
MFL = million fibers per liter.
Carcinogenicity based on inhalation exposure.
Under review.
Monochloramine; measured as free chlorine.
1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: MRDLG=Maximum Residual Disinfection Level Goal; and MRDL=Maximum Residual Disinfection Level.
IRIS value for chromium VI.
Copper action level 1.3 mg/L; lead action level 0.015 mg/L.
This RfD is for hydrogen cyanide.
Based on dental fluorosis in children, a cosmetic effect. MCLG based on skeletal fluorosis.
0 Dietary manganese. The lifetime health advisory includes a 3 fold modifying factor to account for increased bioavailability from drinking water.
-------
Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
Winter 2004
Page 9
Chemicals
Nitrate (as N)
Nitrite (as N)
Nitrate + Nitrite (both as N)
Selenium
Silver
Strontium
Thallium
White phosphorous
Zinc
RADIONUCLIDES
Beta particle and photon
activity (formerly
man-made radionuclides)
Gross alpha particle activity
Combined Radium 226 & 228
Radon
Uranium
CASRN
Number
14797-55-8
14797-65-0
7782-49-2
7440-22-4
7440-24-6
7440-28-0
7723-14-0
7440-66-6
7440-14-4
10043-92-2
7440-61-1
Standards
Status MC
Reg. (mg
F 10
F 1
F 10
LG MCL
/L) (mg/L)
10
1
10
F 0.05 0.05
-
-
-
-
F 0.0005 0.002
-
-
-
-
4 mrem/
F zero yr
F zero 15
pCi/L
F zero 5 pCi/L
P zero 300
pCi/L
AMCL3
4000
pCi/L
F zero 30 ng/L
Status
HA
Document
D'93
D'93
D'93
-
F'92
D'93
F'92
F'90
D'93
-
-
-
-
-
Health Advisories
10-kg Child
Life-
One-day Ten-day RfD DWEL time mg/L at 10 4
(mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/kg/day) (mg/L) (mg/L) Cancer Risk
101 101 1.6 ...
I1 I1 0.16
.
0.005 0.2 0.05
0.2 0.2 0.0052 0.2 0.1
25 25 0.6 20 4
0.007 0.007 0.00007 0.002 0.0005
0.00002 0.0005 0.0001
6 6 0.3 10 2
4 mrem/yr
15pCi/L
.
150pCi/L
0.0034 0.1
Cancer
Group
-
-
-
D
D
D
-
D
D
A
A
A
A
A
1 These values are calculated for a 4-kg infant and are protective for all age groups.
2 Based on a cosmetic effect.
3 AMCL = Alternative Maximum Contaminant Level
4 Soluble uranium salts.
-------
Secondary Drinking Water Regulations
Winter 2004
Page 10
Chemicals
Aluminum
Chloride
Color
Copper
Corrosivity
Fluoride
Foaming agents
Iron
Manganese
Odor
pH
Silver
Sulfate
Total dissolved solids (IDS)
Zinc
CAS Number
7429-90-5
7647-14-5
NA
7440-50-8
NA
7681-49-4
NA
7439-89-6
7439-96-5
NA
NA
7440-22-4
7757-82-6
NA
7440-66-6
Status
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
SDWR
0.05 to 0.2 mg/L
250 mg/L
15 color units
1.0 mg/L
non-corrosive
2.0 mg/L
0.5 mg/L
0.3 mg/L
0.05 mg/L
3 threshold odor numbers
6.5-8.5
0.1 mg/L
250 mg/L
500 mg/L
5 mg/L
-------
Microbiology
Winter 2004
Page 11
Cryptosporidium
Giardia lamblia
Legionella
Heterotrophic Plate Count
(HPC)
Mycobacteria
Total Conforms
Turbidity
Viruses
Status
Reg.
F
F
F1
F1
.
F
F
F1
Status HA
Document
F01
F98
F01
-
F99
-
-
MCLG
-
.
zero
NA
.
zero
NA
zero
MCL
TT
TT
TT
TT
.
5%
TT
TT
Treatment Technique
Systems that filter must remove
99% of Cryptosporidium
99.9% killed/inactivated
No limit; EPA believes that if
Giardia and viruses are inactivated,
Legionella will also be controlled
No more than 500 bacterial
colonies per milliliter.
.
No more than 5.0% samples total
coliform-positive in a month. Every
sample that has total conforms
must be analyzed for fecal
conforms; no fecal conforms are
allowed.
At no time can turbidity go above 5
NTU (nephelometric turbidity units)
99.99% killed/inactivated
Final for systems using surface water; also being considered for regulation under groundwater disinfection rule.
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Drinking Water Advisory Table
Winter 2004
Page 12
Chemicals
Ammonia
Methyl tertiary butyl
ether (MtBE)
Sodium
Sulfate
Status
D'92
F'98
F'03
F'03
Health-based Value
Not Available
Not Available
20 mg/L (for
individuals on a 500
mg/day restricted
sodium diet).
500 mg/L
Taste
Threshold
30 mg/L
40^ig/L
30-60 mg/L
250 mg/L
Odor
Threshold
20 ng/L
Taste Threshold: Concentration at which the majority of consumers do not notice an adverse taste in drinking water; it is
recognized that some sensitive individuals may detect a chemical at levels below this threshold.
Odor Threshold: Concentration at which the majority of consumers do not notice an adverse odor in drinking water; it is recognized
that some sensitive individuals may detect a chemical at levels below this threshold.
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