AP43B
A65-34
A Compilation off Selected Air
Pollution Emission Control
Regulations and Ordinances
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A COMPILATION
OF
SELECTED AIR POLLUTION
EMISSION CONTROL REGULATIONS AND ORDINANCES
Prepared by
Technical Assistance Branch
Robert A, Taft Sanitary Engineering Center
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Division of Air Pollution
Cincinnati, Ohio
May 11, 1965
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CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
DEFINITIONS TYPICALLY INCLUDED IN AIR POLLUTION ORDINANCES 3
SMOKE EMISSIONS AND EQUIVALENT OPACITY REGULATIONS 9
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania 10
City of Chicago, Illinois 11
City of Cleveland, Ohio 12
County of Los Angeles, California 13
City of Poughkeepsie, New York 1^
State of New Jersey 16
City of New York, New York 17
REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM FUEL-BURNING
PLANTS 19
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania .... 20
City of Chicago, Illinois 21
City of Detroit, Michigan 23
County of Los Angeles, California 25
State of New Jersey 26
City of New York, New York 2?
City of St. Louis, Missouri 29
County of San Bernardino, California 30
San Francisco Bay Area, California 31
REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM REFUSE-BURNING
EQUIPMENT 33
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania 3!*.
City of Cincinnati, Ohio 35
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Page
City of Detroit, Michigan 37
City of New York, New York 38
San Francisco Bay Area, California 39
REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES Ul
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania k2
City of Beloit, Wisconsin kj
Metropolitan Dade County, Florida U9
City of Detroit, Michigan 51
County of Los Angeles, California 5l»
State of New Jersey $6
City of New York, New York 6k
County of San Bernardino, California 66
San Francisco Bay Area, California 67
REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO SULFUR-COMPOUND-EMISSION CONTROL .... 71
Metropolitan Dade County, Florida 72
County of Los Angeles, California 73
City Of New York, New York 75
City 6f St. Louis, Missouri 76
San Francisco Bay Area, California . 77
County of Snrasota, Florida 80
REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO HYDROCARBON-EMISSION CONTROL 81
County of Los Angeles, California 82
County of San Bernardino, California 86
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Page
San Francisco Bay Area, California 8?
REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO FLUORIDE-EMISSION CONTROL 89
State of Florida 90
REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO MOTOR-VEHICLE-EMISSION CONTROL .... 93
State of California 9*t
State of New York 97
REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO ODOR-EMISSION CONTROL 101
City of Chicago, Illinois 102
City of Cleveland, Ohio 103
ZONING ORDINANCES 105
County of Cook, Illinois 106
County of DuPage, Illinois 110
County of Porter, Indiana 116
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INTRODUCTION
This compilation contains selected sections of many emission control
regulations and ordinances. It has been prepared to provide state and
local air pollution control agencies, industries, and other interested
people with selected examples of the many types of regulations and
ordinances in use today. All sections of regulations and ordinances
included have been copied directly from the original text of individual
state and local lavs.
The regulations and ordinances have been arranged in such a manner
that each section of this report is a compilation of laws pertaining to
a specific type of pollutant or pollutant source. These sections include
Stoke Emissions and Equivalent Opacity Regulations, Regulations Pertaining
to Particulate anisalons from Fuel Burning Plants, Regulations Pertaining
to Particulate Emissions from Refuse-Burning Equipment, Regulations
Pertaining to Particulate Emissions from Manufacturing Processes, Regulations
Pertaining to Sulfur Compound Mission Control, Regulations Pertaining
to Hydrocarbon Emission Control, Regulations Pertaining to Fluoride
Emission Control, Regulations Pertaining to Motor Vehicle Emission Control,
Regulations Pertaining to Odor Omission Control, and Zoning Ordinances.
The regulations and ordinances compiled were selected to represent
the different methods of controlling emissions by law and to represent
varying degrees of control.
The definitions used were for the most part taken directly from
existing regulations and ordinances. Some were picked selectively to provide
what we feel are very good definitions while others were picked because of
their wide use by many states and communities.
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DEFINITIONS
TYPICALLY INCLUDED IN
AIR POLLUTION ORDINANCES
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DEFINITIONS TYPICALLY INCLUDED IN AIR POLLUTION ORDINANCES
(l) Aerosol. A dispersion or any suspension of small solid or liquid
particles or any combination thereof in the air or other gaseous medium.
(2) Ashes. Includes cinders, fly ash or any other solid material
resulting from combustion, and may include unburned combustibles.
(3) ASME. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
(k) ASTM. The American Society for Testing Materials.
(5) Air Contaminant. Any smoke, soot, fly ash, dust, cinders, dirt,
noxious or obnoxious acids, fumes, oxides, gases, vapors, odors, toxic or
radioactive substance, waste, particulate, solid, liquid or gaseous matter,
or any other materials in the outdoor atmosphere.
(6) Air Pollution. The presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more
air contaminants or combinations thereof in such quantities and of such
duration that they are or may tend to be injurious to human, plant, or
animal life, or property, or that interfere with the comfortable enjoy-
ment of life or property or the conduct of business.
(7) Atmosphere. The air that envelops or surrounds the earth. Where
air pollutants are emitted into a building not designed specifically as
a piece of air pollution control equipment, such emission into the build-
ing shall be considered an emission into the atmosphere.
(8) Cinders. Particles not ordinarily considered as fly ash or dust
because of their greater size, consisting essentially of fused ash and/
or unburned matter.
(9) Cleaning Fires. The act of removing ashes from the fuel bed or
furnace.
(10) Combustion ContaminantB. Particulate matter discharged into the
atmosphere from the burning of any kind of material containing carbon in
a free or combined state.
(ll) Combustible Refuse. Any combustible waste material containing
carbon in a free or combined state other than liquids or gases.
(12) Condensed Fumes. Minute solid particles generated by the conden-
sation of vapors from solid matter after volatilization from the molten
state, or generated by sublimation, distillation, calcination, or chem-
ical reaction when these processes create airborne particles.
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(13) Domestic Refuse- Burning Equipment. Any refuse-burning equipment
or incinerator used for a single family residence, or for two residences
either in duplex or double house form, or for multiple -dwelling units
in which such equipment or incinerator serves fewer than three apartments.
Dusts. Minute solid particles released into the air by natural
forces or by mechanical processes such as crushing, grinding, milling,
drilling, demolishing, shoveling, conveying, covering, bagging, sweeping,
etc.
(15) Dust-Separating Equipment. Any device for separating dust from
the air or gas medium in which it is carried.
(16) Fly Ash. Particulate matter capable of being gas-borne or air-
borne and consisting essentially of fused ash and/or burned or uriburned
material.
(17) Fuel. Any form of combustible matter - solid, liquid, vapor, or
gas excluding combustible refuse.
(18) Fuel- Burning or Combustion Equipment or Device. Any furnace,
fuel-burning equipment, or boiler used for the burning of fuel, or for
the emission of products of combustion, or used in connection with any
process which generates heat and may emit products of combustion.
(19) Fuel- Burning Equipment, Mechanical. Any fuel-burning or combustion
equipment or device incorporating a device by means of which fuel is
mechanically introduced from outside the furnace into the zone of
combustion.
(20) Furnace. An enclosed space provided for the ignition and/or
combustion of fuel.
(21) Incinerators. All devices intended or used for the destruction of
garbage or other combustible refuse by burning.
(22) Low Volatile Solid Fuel. A solid fuel, the volatile content of which
is 23% "or less on an ash free and moisture free basis.
(23) Mist. A suspension of any finely-divided liquid in any gas or
atmosphere.
(2U) Multiple- Chamber Incinerator. Any article, machine, equipment,
contrivance, structure or part of a structure, used to dispose of com-
bustible refuse by burning, consisting of three or more refractory lined
combustion furnaces in series, physically separated by refractory walls,
interconnected by gas passage ports or ducts and employing adequate design
parameters necessary for maximum combustion of the material to be burned.
The refractories shall have a Pyrometric Cone Equivalent of at least 17,
tested according to the method described in the American Society for Testing
Materials, Method C-2U.
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(25) Odor. That property of an air contaminant that affects the sense
of smell.
(26) Oil Burners. Any device for the introduction of vaporized or atom-
ized fuel oil into a furnace.
(27) Oil-Effluent Water Separator. Any tank, box, sump or other container
in which any petroleum or product thereof, floating on or entrained or
contained in water entering such tank, box, sump or other container, is
physically separated and removed from such water prior to out-fall, drain-
age, or recovery of such water.
(28) Open Fire. Any fire from which the products or combustion are emitted
directly into the open air without passing through a stack or chimney.
(29) Particulate Matter. Any material, except uncombined water, that
exists in a finely divided form as a liquid or solid at standard conditions.
(30) Person. Any person, firm, association, organization, partnership,
business trust, corporation, company, contractor, supplier, installer,
user or owner, or any state or local governmental agency or public district
or any officer or employee thereof.
(31) Process Weight. The total weight of all materials introduced into
a source operation, including solid fuels, but excluding liquids and gases
used solely as fuels, and excluding air introduced for purposes of
combustion.
(32) Process Weight Rate. A rate established as follows:
(a) For continuous or long-run steady-state source operations,
the total process weight for the entire period of continuous operation
or for a typical portion thereof, divided by the number of hours of such
period or portion thereof.
(b) For cyclical or batch source operations, the total process
weight for a period that covers a complete operation or an integral
number of cycles, divided by the hours of actual process operation during
such a period.
Where the nature of any process or operation or the design of
any equipment is such as to permit more than one interpretation of this
definition (32), the interpretation that results in the minimum value
for allowable emission shall apply.
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(33) Processes or Process Equipment. Any action, operation, or treat-
ment embracing chemical, industrial, or manufacturing factors, such as
heat treating furnaces, by-product coke plants, core-baking ovens t
mixing kettles, cupolas, blast furnaces, open-hearth furnaces, heating
and reheating furnaces, puddling furnaces, sintering plants, bessemer
converters, electric steel furnaces, ferrous and non-ferrous foundries,
kilns, stills, dryers, roasters, and equipment used in connection
therewith, and all other methods or forms of manufacturing or processing
that may emit smoke, particulate matter, or gaseous matter.
(3*0 Ringelmann Chart. The chart published and described in the U.S.
Bureau of Mines Information Circular 7718, and on which are illustrated
graduated shades of grey to black for use in estimating the light
obscuring capacity of smoke.
(35) Smoke. SpaH gas-borne particles resulting from incomplete combus-
tion, consisting predominantly, but not exclusively, of carbon, ash,
and other combustible material.
(36) Smoke Unit, The number of "smoke unite" is obtained by multiplying
the smoke density in Ringelmann numbers by the time of occurrence in
minutes. For the purpose of this calculation, a Ringelmann density
reading is made at least once per minute during the period of observation.
The sum of the Ringelmann density readings (made once per minute) during
the period of observations would equal the number of smoke units.
(37) Soot. Agglomerated particles consisting mainly of carbonaceous
material.
(38) Stack or Chimney. Any flue, conduit, or duct arranged to conduct
an effluent to the open air.
(39) Stack Spray. A nozzle or series of nozzles installed in a stack
above the breeching, used to inject wetting agents at high pressure to
suppress the discharge of particulate matter from the stack.
Stokers . Any mechanical device that feeds solid fuel uniformly
onto a grate or hearth within a furnace.
Unit Operation. Methods where raw materials undergo physical change;
methods by which raw materials may be altered into different states, such
as vapor, liquid, or solid without changing into a new substance with
different properties and composition.
Unit Process. Reactions where raw materials undergo chemical change;
where one or more raw materials are combined and completely changed into
a new substance with different properties and composition.
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(43) Vapor. The gaseous form of a substance normally in the liquid or
solid state.
(kk) Volatile or. Volatile Matter. The gaseous constituents of solid
fuels as determined by the procedure defined in the ASTM method amended
or revised to t>e current date.
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SMOKE EMISSIONS
AND
EQUIVALENT OPACITY REGULATIONS
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ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
SMOKE CONTROL ORDINANCE
(effective July 5, I960)
1305. GENERAL
.1 The provisions of this section shall apply to all classes
of processes and equipment covered by these Rules and Regulations.*
Unless otherwise provided herein, the Director shall determine such
classification.
.2 The Rlngelmann Chart, hereby made a part of these Rules
and Regulations by reference, shall be used for grading the appearance,
density, or shade of smoke. The Smokescope may be used to determine
the appearance, density, or shade of smoke as graded by the Ringelmann
Chart.
•3 The production or emission of dense smoke within the
County of Allegheny is prohibited. No person shall cause, suffer,
or allow to be emitted into the open air from any fuel-burning equip-
ment, internal combustion engine, premise, open fire, or stack, smoke
the appearance, density, or shade of which is darker than No. 2 of the
Rlngelmann Chart.
1309.3 INCINERATORS OF ALL TYPES:
(b) Smoke emitted into the atmosphere from any incinerator
shall be of an appearance, density, or shade lighter than
No. 1 of the Ringlemann Chart.
Classification groups include section 1306. entitled "Railroad
Locomotives, Boats, and Other Vehicles,"section 1307. entitled "Power
Plants, Heiting Plants, and Domestic Heating Plants," section 1308.
entitled "Steel and Allied Industries," and section 1309. entitled
"Miscellaneous Pollutants from Combustion". Sections 130?., 1309.,
and 1308. are listed under the following three sections of this report,
respectively.
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CITY OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
AIR POLLUTION CODE
CHAPTER 17
(amended January 1, 19&5)
17-22. Open fires other than those covered by section 17-31
of this code, dlesel rotor vehicles and all fuel burning, ct^otmstion
or process equipment, incinerators or devices shall vf. ". the
requirements of section 17-23. (Amend. Coun. J. 7-1-63, p. 579.)
17-23. It shall be unlawful within the City of Chicago and
within one mile of the corporate limits for any person, owner,
agent, operator, firm or corporation to permit to cause, suffer or
allow the emission of any smoke*from any source whatever of a density,
shade or opacity equal to or greater than that described as #2 on
the Rlngelmann chart as published by the United States Bureau of
Mines provided that the following exceptions to the provisions of this
section shall be permitted for fuel burning equipment.
(l) For a period or periods aggregating k minutes in any 30
minutes of a density, shade or opacity equal to but not greater than
that described as #2 on the Rlngelmann chart.
(2) For a period or periods aggregating U minutes in any 60
minutes of a density, shade or opacity equal to but not greater than
that described as #3 on the Ringelmann chart when building a new
fire. (Aroend. Coun. J. 7-1-63, p. 579•)
* Chicago definition of smoke is as follows: Smoke is small gas-borne
particles other than water, that forms a visible plume in the air
from a source of atmospheric pollution.
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crnr OP CLEVELAND, OHIO
AIR POLLUTION CODE
ORDINANCE NO. U28-A-62
CHAPTER 5 - PROHIBITED EMISSIONS
(effective June 20, 1962)
Section 4.0501. SMOKE
No owner, occupant or person In charge, by himself, his agent
or employee, shall cause, suffer or allow smoke in excess of the
following limitations to be discharged from any stack or vent within
the City of Cleveland.
Ringelmann Other Combustion Devices
Chart No. Railroads and Steamships Except Incinerators Incinerators
1
2
3
k
5
No limitation
No limitation
RR-£ minute in any k minutes
SS-6 minutes in any 1 hour
Not allowed
Not allowed
No limitation
10 minutes in any 1 hour
6 minutes in any 8 hour
period
Not allowed
Not allowed
No limitation
Not allowed
Not allowed
Not allowed
Not allowed
Section 4.0502. DUST OR FUME.
No owner, occupant or person in charge, by himself, his agent
or employee, shall cause, suffer or allow any dust or fume having a
color other than black to be discharged from any stack or vent within
the City of Cleveland in excess of such density or opacity in shade as
that designated as No. 2 on the Ringelmann Chart. When the presence
of uncombined water is the sole reason for the failure to meet the
limitations in this section, these limitations shall not apply.
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COUNTY OP LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
RULES AND REGULATIONS
REGULATION IV. PROHIBITIONS
(amended June 1, 1965)
Rule 30* RINGELMANN CHART. A person shall not discharge
into the atmosphere from any single source of emission whatsoever
any air contaminant for a period or periods aggregating more than
three minutes in any one hour which is:
a. As dark or darker in shade as that designated as No. 2
on the Rlngelmann Chart, as published by the United States
Bureau of Nines, or
b. Of such opacity as to obscure an observer's view to a
degree equal to or greater than does smoke described in
subsection (a) of this Rule.
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CITY OF POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW TORK
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ORDINANCE
(effective December 1, 1951)
IV. Applicability
A. Sources
Domestic installations; apartment house, office building,
school, hotel, loft building, hospital and similar
installations; stationery installations: railroad
locomotives; building fresh fires- other stationery
installations.
Regulated pursuant standards of Table I. /sec. 3/-
B. Specific Pollutants
1. Smoke - discharge or emission of smoke shade or
density darker than that specified and for duration
shown in Table I. /sec. 3/.
Ringeloann Chart or other charts of equivalent shades
of grey incorporated into ordinance by reference.
TABLE I
TYPE OF INSTALLATION
A. Domestic installations
primarily for heating
and hot water, in one
and two family dwellings.
B. Installations, primarily
for heating and hot water
in apartment houses, office
buildings, schools, hotels,
loft buildings, hospitals
and other Installations of
similar character.
C. All other stationary
Installations except those
included in Paragraph F
hereof.
LIMITING DENSITY. SHADE OR
APPEARANCE OF SMOKE
Not darker than shade #1.
Not darker than Shade #1
except that smoke not darker
than Shade #3 Is permitted
for not more than a total of
k minutes in any period of
30 minutes.
Not darker than Shade #2
except that smoke not darker
than Shade #3 is Permitted
for not more tfjus^a total of
k minutes in any period of
30 minutes.
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D. Railroad Locomotives.
E.
For building a wholly fresh
fire in a cold fire box.
F.
For installations using a
fuel input in excess of
25,000,000 BTU per hour,
the primary punaose of
which is to provide standby
and emergency facilities
for maintaining essential
public utility services.
Not darker than Shade #2
except that smoke not darker
than Shade #3 is remitted
for not more than a total of
1 minute in any period of
6 minutes for a locomotive
in motion, or for not more
than a total of h minutes
in any period of 30 minutes
for a locomotive not in
motion.
In railroad locomotives, not
darker than Shade #3 is
permitted for not more than
12 consecutive minutes in
any period of 24 hours ;in
other installations, not
darker than Shade #3 is
permitted for not more than
20 consecutive minutes while
such fire is being built.
Not darker than Shade #2
except that smoke not
darter than Shade #3 is
permitted for not more
than a total of 10 minutes
in any ueriod of 30 minutes.
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STATE OF NEW JERSEY
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
CHAPTER IV
(effective January 1, 1958)
Section 2. EMISSIONS PROHIBITED AND STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT
?.l No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or penult smoke from
any fuel-burning equipment, the shade or appearance of which
is darker than No. 2 of the Rlngelmann Smoke Chart, to be
emitted into the open air.
2.2 The provisions of Section 2.1 shall not apply to:
(a) Smoke emitted during the cleaning of a fire box
or the building of a new fire, the shade or
appearance of which is not darker than No. 3 of
the Rlngelmann Smoke Chart for a period or periods
aggregating no more than 3 minutes in any 15
consecutive minutes.
(b) Smoke from locomotives the shade or appearance of
which is equal to but not darker than No. 3 of the
Rlngelmann Smoke Chart for a period or periods
aggregating no more than 30 seconds in any 3 consecu-
tive minutes, or smoke of said density for a period
or periods aggregating no more than k minutes in
any 15 consecutive minutes when building a new fire.
(c) Smoke resulting from any fire ignited solely for the
purpose of training or research in fire protection or
prevention.
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CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
ARTICLE 9. EMISSION STANDARDS
*
Sec. 9.03 EMISSION OF AIR CONTAMINANT; STANDARD SMOKE CHART
(a) No person shall cause or permit the emission of an air
contaminant of:
(l) A density which appears as dark or darker than
No. 3 on the Standard Smoke Chart, or of an opacity which
obscures vision to a degree equal to or greater than smoke of
No. 3 density on the Standard Smoke Chart; or
(2) A density which appears as dark or darker than
No. 2 on the Standard Smoke Chart, but less than No. 3 on said
Chart, or of an opacity which obscures vision to a degree equal
to or greater than smoke of No. 2 density on the Standard Smoke
Chart, but less than No. 3 on said Chart, if such emission
continues for longer than 2 minutes in the aggregate in any 60
minute period.
(3) A density which appears as dark or darker than
No. 1 on the Standard Smoke Chart, but less than No. 2 on
said Chart, or of such opacity as to obscure vision to a
degree equal to or greater than smoke of No. 1 density on the
Standard Smoke Chart, but less than No. 2 on said Chart, if
such emission continues for longer than k minutes in the
aggregate In any 60 minute period.
(b) The density or opacity of an air contaminant shall be
measured at the point of its emission, except:
(l) When the point of emission cannot be readily
observed, it may be measured at an observable point on the
plume nearest the point of emission, or
(2) In the case of air contaminant emitted from a
source outside of New York, it shall be measured after the
plume crosses the Jurisdictional boundary of New York City.
*
The Standard Staoke Chart is the Ringelmann Chart, as published
by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, photographically reduced to l/l8th in
size for use in the field.
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REGULATIONS
PERTAINING TO
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM
FUEL-BURNING PLANTS
(Additional types of regulations are listed
in the zoning ordinances of Porter County,
Indiana and DuPage County, Illinois in the
"Zoning Ordinances" section of this compilation)
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ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
SMOKE CONTROL ORDINANCE
(effective July 5, I960)
1305.3 (Listed under "Smoke Emission and Equivalent Opacity
Regulations" section of this report.)
1305.4 (a) No person shall cause, suffer, or allow to be
emitted into the atmosphere from any fuel-burning equipment or premise,
or to pass a convenient measuring point near the stack outlet, particu-
late matter in the gases to exceed 0.65 Ib. per 1,000 Ib. of gases
adjusted to 50 percent excess air In the products of combustion. The
foregoing requirement shall be calculated in accordance with the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers "Power Test Codes, Test Code
for Dust Separation Apparatus, PTC-21-19U1" procedure.
1307. POWER PLANTS, HEATING PLANTS, AND DOMESTIC HEATING PLANTS.
.1 The provisions of this section shall apply to power plants,
heating plants, and domestic heating plants.
.2 The following exception to the provisions of Section 1305.3
and 1305.4 shall be permitted: when building a new fire, when manually
cleaning a fire, when blowing tubes and flues, or when cleaning air
pollution control equipment, in a power plant, heating plant, or domestic
heating plant, smoke may be emitted of an appearance, density, or shade
darker than No. 2 of the Hingelmann Chart, and particulate matter in
excess of limitations may be omitted, for a period or periods aggregating
not more than six (6) minutes in any sixty (60) minute period.
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CITY OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
AIR POLLUTION CODE
CHAPTER 17
(amended January 1, 1964)
17-24. Subject to the provisions of Section 17-25, it shall "be
unlawful within the City of Chicago for any person owning or in charge
of any fuel-burning, combustion or process equipment or device, or any
portable boiler, to cause, suffer or allow the emission from any such
source of any particulate matter except in conformity with the limits
set forth as follows:
(l) The basic limitation on the average emission into the
atmosphere of particulate matter from any single source of emission
shall be 0.35 grains per cubic foot of gas measured at a temperature
of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury, under
steady conditions, provided that for emissions at levels 100 feet or
more above grade, the basic limitation shall be increased by the amount
of particulate matter of less than^lO microns in size, if any, up to
a maximum increase of 0.03 (H/100) grains per scf, where H is the
height of discharge in feet above grade.
(2) The limitation on the emission of that portion of the particulate
matter which is kk microns in size or larger from any single such source
shall be 0.21 grains per scf.
17-38. It shall be unlawful for any person to ot>erate any surface
burning tyoe (hand fired) of combustion equipment with any solid fuel
other than a low volatile solid fuel unless:
(l) The Director has issued a Certificate of Operation therefor
in accordance with Section 17-55 or Section 17-60, authorizing the use
of other than low volatile solid fuel with such equipment;
(2) The Director has approved the equlnment or type of equipment
in accordance with Section IJ-kk;
(3) The Director has issued an Allowable Fuel Certificate for such
equipment in accordance with Sections 17-^1, 17-^2,and 17-43: or
(k) The Appeal Board has granted an individual variance for such
equipment in accordance with Section 17-7^-
The foregoing restrictions shall not apr>ly with restiect to the
burning of combustible refuse in such equipment in accordance with rules
and regulations issued by the Director.
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17-39- A solid fuel containing volatile matter in excess of
on an ash free basis shall be considered a low volatile solid fuel
provided it meets the same standards in regard to smoke production
as a low volatile solid fuel, and subject to the following conditions
in order to ascertain whether or not such standards are met:
Adequate supplies of such solid fuel shall be made available to
the Director to conduct such reasonable tests as he shall deem necessary
to determine that such fuel meets the standards herein before established.
Ibe reasonable expense of any such tests shall be borne by the person
seeking the approval of such solid fuel.
The Director shall maintain and, upon request, furnish a list of
brands or trade names of solid fuels which have been tested for conformity
with the provisions of this chapter and which as a result of such tests
have been approved.
17-40. Solid fuel, other than low volatile solid fuel, may be used
or consumed only in mechanical combustion equipment or mechanically fired
apparatus; except that after suitable Inspections and tests have proven
to the Director that any combination of surface burning type (hand-fired)
of equipment and appurtenances and fuel can comply with the emission
limitations established by or under this chapter, the Director shall
approve the use of such combination of equipment and fuel.
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CITY OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN
OFFICIAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
ORDINANCE NO. 16?-E
ARTICLE 2
(effective November 6, 196*0
Section 2.UA It shall be unlawful within the City of Detroit for
any person, Hra or corporation to perait the emission of any particulate
matter from any source whatsoever in excess of the emission schedule
listed below:
EMISSION SCHEDULE
.Samse. .ft£. JtoUaisR
Fuel Burning
Pulverized fuel fired
All other nodes of fuel
firing
Capacity Rating
lOQOlJf of *tea»/hr. .
0 to 300
300 and over
0 to 100
100 to 300
300 to 800
800 and over
Maximum Allowable Emission
pounds particulate per thousand
pounds of exhaust gaa'a' 'g'
Design (t>) Operating^
O.JO to 0.20 (c)
0.20
0.60 to 0.30 (c)
0.30
0.65
0.65 to O.U-5 (c)
0.^5 to 0.30 (c)
0.30
(a)
(b)
(g)
Fuel burning and incinerator emission limitations shall be corrected to
150 per cent total air.
The operating limitation allows for gradual deterioration of equipment
performance during extended periods of continuous operation where it
is impractical to maintain design conditions for these extended periods.
(See Regulatipn No. 1, Section Z.k for further details on latent.)
Emission limitation for specific ratings are determined by linear
interpolation between the ranges shown.
When wet collectors or scrubbers are utilized, that portion of water
vapor in the exhaust gases which waa added for collector or scrubber
requirements shall be deleted from the total exhaust gases In calculating
the particulate emission rate.
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Supplemental Regulations
Section 2.4
Regulation No. 1 DESIGN AND OPERATING EMISSION LIMITA'TTONS
This Regulation clarifies the intent of Section 2.kA for those
cases where both design and operating emission limitations are stipulated
for a given operation.
The design emission standard shall be met when the system is
field operated as close to design conditions as is reasonably feasible.
In addition, before a permit is issued for the installation of a
collector sufficient data will be required to be submitted to the Depart-
ment in the form of tests, drawings, calculations, etc., to •Drove that
when the collector is operated at design conditions the particulate loading
will not exceed the design emission limitation.
The operating emission limitation is less stringent than the
design emission limitation and recognizes that field operating conditions
do not always meet design conditions and that this could cause a temporary
degradation in over-all equipment performance. The more lenient operating
emission standard shall not be used as a basis for design. It also
shall not be used as a basis for reducing design collector efficiency
to effectuate savings in operating cost.
Section 4.9
Regulation No. 1 COLLECTOR REQUIREMENT FOR SINGLE RETORT STOKER-
FIRED BOILERS
New forced draft solid fuel fired boilers of less than 400 H. P.
nominal rating and existing boilers in this category when stack or
breeching Is replaced shall be provided with a low draft loss collector
or drop out box approved by the Bureau.
Explanation
While the proposed emission limitations of Section 2.4 would
quite possibly make this requirement necessary it is felt that
the above statement would simplify permit issuance and reduce
the large amount of stack sampling that could be Involved If
emission limitations were the only requirement. It is
intended to apply primarily to new single retort underfeed
stoker fired plants and existing Installations where practical.
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COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
RULES AND REGULATIONS
REGULATION IV. PROHIBITIONS
(amended June 1, 1965)
Rule 30. (Listed under "Smoke Emission and Equivalent Opacity
Regulations" section of this report.)
Rule 53- (Amended 1-16-58) SPECIFIC CONTAMINANTS. A person
shall not discharge into the atmosphere from any single source of
emission whatsoever any one or more of the following contaminants, in
any state or combination thereof, exceeding in concentration at the
point of discharge:
a. (Does not pertain to this section. Listed under "Regulations
Pertaining to Sulfur Compound Emission Control" section of
this report.)
b. (Amended 1-16-53) Combustion Contaminants: 0.3 grain per
cubic foot of gas calculated to 12 per cent of carbon dioxide
(CO.) at standard conditions. In measuring the combustion
contaminants from Incinerators used to dispose of combustible
refuse by burning, the carbon dioxide (CO-) produced by com-
bustion of any liquid or gaseous fuels shall be excluded from
the calculation to 12 per cent of carbon dioxide (C02).
Rule 62. Listed under "Regulations Pertaining to Sulfur Com-
pound Emission Control" section of this report.
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STATE OP NEW JERSEY
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
CHAPTER V
(effective July 1, 1958)
Section 2. CONTROL AND PROHIBITION OF FLY ASH
2.1 No person shall cause suffer, allow or permit fly ash
caused by the combustion of solid fuel to be discharged
from any stack or chimney into the open air in excess of
the quantity set forth in the following table:
Heat in Fuel
Burned British Thermal Fly Ash Rate of Emission
Units per Hour Pounds per Hour
1,000,000 1
100,000,000 100
1*00,000,000 330
1,000,000,000 750
2,000,000,000 1,365
3,000,000,000 1,850
4,000,000,000 2,260
5,000,000,000 2,640
6,000,000,000 2,950
7,000,000,000 3,200
8,000,000,000 3,410
10,000,000,000 3,750
For the purposes hereof, the heat in solid fuel burned shall be
the aggregate heat content, based on the higher heating value,
of all solid fuels whose products of combustion pass through
such stack or chimney. For a heat content between any two
consecutive heat contents stated in this table, the fly ash
limitation shall be as determined by Interpolation.
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CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
ARTICLE 9. EMISSION STANDARDS
(effective October 1,
Section 9.09 EMISSION OF PARTICULATE MATTER FROM REFUSE BURNING
EQUIPMENT, FUEL BURNING EQUIPMENT, OR EQUIPMENT USED IN A MANU-
FACTURING PROCESS: WEIGHT-RATE STANDARD.
No person shall cause or permit the emission of part icul ate
matter from refuse burning equipment, fuel burning equipment, or
equipment used in a manufacturing process if the emission from such
equipment is in violation of the provisions of Section 9.03 or if
the part icul ate matter emitted as measured in the flue exceeds the
following weights:
(a) (Listed under "Regulations Pertaining to Farticulate
Emissions from Refuse Burning Equipment" section of this
report.)
(b ) In fuel burning equipment in which the preponderance of
the particulate matter emitted is caused by the burning of fuel,
0.60 pounds for each million Btu per hour input If the equip-
ment has a capacity rating of 10 million or less. If the
capacity rating of the fuel burning equipment is more than 10
million, the amount of particulate matter which may be emitted
for each million Btu input shall decrease as the capacity rating
of the fuel burning equipment Increases, as follows:
(l) no more than 0.46 pounds for each million Btu input
from equipment having a capacity rating of 50 million;
(2) no more than OAO pounds for each million Btu input
from equipment having a capacity rating of 100 million;
(3) no more than 0.30 pounds for each million Btu input
from equipment having a capacity rating of 500 million;
(k) no more than 0.26 pounds for each million Btu input
from equipment having a capacity rating of 1,000 million;
(5) no more than 0.23 pounds for each million Btu input
from equipment having a capacity rating of 2,500 million;
(6) no more than 0.20 pounds for each million Btu input
from equipment having a capacity rating of 5,000 million;
(7) no more than 0.19 pounds for each million Btu input
from equipment having a capacity rating of 7,500 million;
(8) no more than 0.18 pounds for each million Btu input
from equipment having a capacity rating of 10,000 million, or more.
Tbe amount of particulate matter which may be emitted
from fuel burning equipment having an intermediate capacity
rating shall be determined by linear interpolation. If two
-27-
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or more fuel burning units are connected to a single flue, the
total capacity rating of all fuel burning units connected to
the flue shall be the capacity rating for the purpose of
computing the amount of participate matter which may be emitted.
If a single fuel burning unit is manifold to two or more flues
the capacity rating of the single fuel burning unit shall be
the capacity rating for the purpose of computing the amount of
particulate matter which may be emitted.
(c) (Does not pertain to this section. Listed under "Regulations
Pertaining to Particulate Emissions from Manufacturing Processes"
section of this report.)
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CITY OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
ORDINANCE NO. 50163
(approved January 2k, 1961)
Section 11. Listed under "Regulations Pertaining to Sulfur
Compound Emission Control" section of this report.
Section Ik. EMISSION OF FLY ASH AND OTHER SOLID PARTICULATE
MATTER REGULATED.
(a) The emission or escape into the open air of fly ash or
other solid particulate matter resulting from the combustion
of fuel within the city, or within one-half mile thereof
pursuant to Section 71.780 Revised Statutes of Missouri,
from any furnace or other combustion device for the burning
of fuel, or from any chimney connected thereto, in quantities
exceeding 0.85 pounds per 1000 Ibs. of gases is prohibited and
is hereby declared bo be a nuisance. Of this amount not to
exceed 0.5 pounds per 1000 Ibs. of gases shall be of such size
as to be retained on a 323 mesh U. S. Standard sieve. These
conditions are to be conformed to when the fuel-burning device
is operating at full load and the excess air in the gaaea does
not exceed fifty percent. The foregoing requirements shall be
measured by the methods outlined in the Test Code for Dust
Separating Apparatus of the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers as now in force or as may be amended, which code is
hereby made a part of this ordinance by reference and a copy
thereof shall be on file in the office of the commissioner.
(b) Nothing in this section with rest>ect to the amount of fly
ash or other solid particulate matter which may be emitted, or
which may escape, into the open air from any furnace or other
combustion device shall in any manner be construed as authorizing
or legalizing the creation or maintenance of a public nuisance
as described in section fifteen of this ordinance.
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COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
RULES AND REGULATIONS
REGULATION III
(adopted August 5, 1956)
Rule 3.5 SPECIFIC CONTAMINANTS. A person shall not discharge
into the atmosphere from any single source of emission whatsoever any-
one or more of the following contaminants, In any state or combination
thereof, exceeding in concentration at the point of discharge:
(a) (Does not pertain to this section. Listed under "Regulations
Pertaining to Sulfur Compound Emission Control" section of this
report.)
(b) (Does not pertain to this section.)
(o) (Does not pertain to this section. Listed under "Regulations
Pertaining to Partlculate Emissions from Refuse Burning Equipment"
section of this report.)
(d) Other Combustion Contaminants: O.k grains per cubic foot
of gas calculated to 12 per cent of carbon dioxide (C02) at
standard conditions; except during the atart of an operation or
change in energy Source, during the time necessary to bring the
combustion process up to operating level.
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SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
REGULATION 2
(revised 1962)
Diviaion 5, Chapter 1
Sec. 3111.1 No person shall cause, let, permit, stiffer, or
allow any emission from any heat transfer operation which does not
comply with the visible emission limitations in Section 3110, Chapter 1,
Division 3, except as provided in Section 5111.3.
Sec. 5111.2 No person shall cause, let, permit, suffer, or
allow the emission from any heat transfer operation of particles in
sufficient number-to cause annoyance to any other person, which particles
are sufficiently large as to be visible as individual particles at the
emission point or of such size and nature as to be visible individually
as incandescent particles. This section 5111.2 shall only apply if such
particles fall on real property other than that of the person responsible
for the emission.
Sec. 5111'j The limitations of Section 5111.1 shall not apply
to emissions resulting from soot-blowing on any oil-fired heat transfer
operation, provided such emissions are not equal to or greater than
Ringelmann No. 3 or an equivalent obscuration within the meaning of
Sections 3110.1 and 3110.2; and provided further that the aggregate
duration of such emissions during any twenty-four hour period does not
exceed 6.0 minutes per billion Etu gross heating value of oil fuel
burned during such twenty-four hours; and provided further that such
operation uses fuel at a rate not less than 140 million Btu per hour.
Sec. 5112 PARTICULATE MATTER. No person shall cause, let,
permit, suffer, or allow any emission from a heat transfer operation
of particulate matter in excess of 0.30 graim per standard dry cubic
foot of exhaust gas. For the purposes of this section 5112, the actual
concentration measured shall be corrected to a concentration which the
same quantity of particulate matter would constitute in the exhaust gas
minus water vapor, corrected to standard conditions and containing 6%
oxygen by volume. Calculation of this corrected concentration from the
actual measured concentration shall follow the procedure given in
Chapter 1, Division 8. Tests to determine compliance with this section
5112 shall be for not less than 50 minutes in any consecutive 60
minutes, or 90$ of the time of actual source operation, whichever is
less.
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REGULATIONS
PERTAINING TO
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM
REFUSE-BURNING EQUIPMENT
(Additional types of regulations are listed
in the zoning ordinances of Porter County,
Indiana and DuPage County, Illinois in the
"Zoning Ordinances" section of this compilation)
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ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
SMDKE CONTROL ORDINANCE
Effective July 5, I960)
1309.3 .INCINERATORS OP ALL TYPES:
(a) Incinerators shall completely consume not less than 95
percent of all combustible material charged into them, except
that domestic gas-fired incinerators shall meet the standards
given in the American Standards Association publication Z-21.6-
1957, or latest revision thereof.
(b) Smoke emitted Into the atmosphere from any incinerator
shall be of an appearance, density, or shade lighter than
No. 1 of the Rlngelmana Chart.
(c) No person shall cause, suffer, or allow to be emitted into
the ataosphere from any incinerator or pass a convenient measuring
point near the stack outlet, fly ash in the gases to exceed 0.20
Ib. per 1,000 Ib. of gases.
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CITY OP CINCINNATI, OHIO
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
ORDINANCE NO. 119-1965
(passed March 2k, 1965 )
Division J. INCINERATORS
Sec. 2509-8. INCINERATOR MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION.
It shall be unlawful for any person to permit or cause foul
or offensive odors, fumes, gases, fly ash or smoke in the maintenance
or operation of an incinerator.
Odors shall be considered offensive when any odor similar to
that of burning paper, garbage, or other cellulose material is emitted
from the incinerator chimney and is detectable at a distance of more
than 25 feet from the incinerator chimney or at a location of a
citizen complaint whichever is a greater distance.
Exception: One period of not to exceed ten (10) minutes In
any consecutive 24 hour period will be permitted for the purpose of
bringing the incinerator up to the required discharge gas temperature.
Fly ash shall be considered offensive when the particulate
matter In the combustion gases discharged from the chimney or at any
convenient measuring point In the chimney or in the chimney connection
from the Incinerator to the chimney exceeds either criteria A or
criteria B of this section.
Criteria A; A pounds of particulate matter per 1000 pounds
of discharged gases adjusted to 12 per cent COp.
Criteria B: A discharge from the incinerator chimney of 500,000
particles per minute for incinerators located in residence districts;
750,000 particles per minute for incinerators located in business
districts; and 1,000,000 particles per minute for Incinerators located
In industrial districts.
The method of determining criteria A shall be by approved stack
testing procedure.
The method of determining criteria B, the number of particles
discharged from the incinerator chimney, shall be the "adhesive surface
method" and the procedure shall be as follows: Two-inch white strips
of approved adhesive material shall be wrapped around a suitable
holder approximately 2 3/4 inch in diameter and inserted in the discharge
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gases at the chimney exit point or at any convenient measuring point
in the chimney or beechlng. The exposure of the adhesive surface
to the discharge gases shall be for one minute or less. After
exposure, the adhesive surface shall be removed to the laboratory.
Approximately one square Inch of adhesive surface having the greatest
particle deposit shall be counted by approved microscope counting
techniques using magnification of lUX and the average count of 10
random fields. "Particles caught per square inch of adhesive surface
per minute" of exposure time are thus determined. "Particles per
minute discharged per test" are determined by multiplying the"partlcles
caught per square inch of adhesive surface per minute" times square
Inches of the chimney or breeching at the sampling point.
For purposes of criteria B, the number of particles discharged
shall be the average of three consecutive tests taken not less than
five minutes nor more than ten minutes separated in time from each other.
Hie choice as to which set of three consecutive tests are used shall
be at the discretion of the Air Pollution Control and Heating Engineer,
and are intended to represent a period of high particulate matter dis-
charge from the chimney.
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CITJT OP DETROIT, MICHIGAN
OFFICIAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
ORDINANCE NO. l6?-E
ARTICLE 2
(effective November 6, 196U)
EMISSION SCHEDULE
Source of Emission
Incinerators (e )
Use
Residential Apartments
Residential Apartments
Commercial & Industrial
Commercial & Industrial
Municipal
Rating #/hr.
0 to 200
200 and over
0 to 400
IfOO and over
Maximum Allowable Emission
pounds particulate jjer \thousand
pounds of exhaust W&t
Design ^ ' Operating *b '
0.65
0.30
0.65
0.30
0.30
-
-
-
-
-
*a'Puel burning and incinerator emission limitations shall be corrected
to 150 percent total air.
The operating limitation allows for gradual deterioration of equipment
performance during extended periods of continuous operation where
it is impractical to maintain design conditions for these extended
periods. (See Regulation No. 1, Section 2.U for further details on
intent.)
'These emission limitations do not apply to domestic incinerators
(defined as having not over 5 cubic feet of storage capacity) which
are covered by other sections of the ordinance.
When wet collectors or scrubbers are utilized, that portion of water
vapor in the exhaust gases which was added for collector or scrubber
requirements shall be deleted from the total exhaust gases in calculating
the particulate emission rate.
(6),
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CITY OF HEW YORK, NEW YORK
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
ARTICLE 9. EMISSION STANDARDS
(effective October 1, 1964)
Sec. 9.09 EMISSION OF PARTICULATE MATTER FROM REFUSE BURNING
EQUIPMENT, FUEL BURNING EQUIPMENT, OR EQUIPMENT USED IN A
MANUFACTURING PROCESS; WEIGHT-RATE STANDARD.
No person shall cause or permit the emission of parbiculate
matter from refuse burning equipment, fuel burning equipment, or
equipment used in a manufacturing process if the emission from such
equipment is in violation of the provisions of Section 9.03 or if the
partlculate matter emitted as measured in the flue exceeds the
following weights:
(a) In refuse burning equipment, 0.65 pounds, for each thousand
pounds of dry gases, adjusted to 50 per cent excess air or
calculated to 13 per cent carbon dioxide, but in no event shall
more than 250 pounds of particulate matter be emitted in any
60 minute period;
(b) (Does not pertain to this section. Listed under "Regulations
Pertaining to Emissions from Fuel Burning Plants" section of
this report.)
(c) (Does not pertain to this section. Listed under "Regulations
Pertaining to Emissions from Manufacturing Processes" section of
this report.)
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SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
REGULATION 2
(revised 1962)
Division k, Chapter 1
Section jflll.l No person shall cause, let, permit, suffer, or
allow any emission from any incineration operation or salvage operation
which does not comply with the visible emission limitations in Section
3110, Chapter 1, Division 3-
Section frill. 2 No person shall cause, let, permit, suffer, or
allow the emission from any incineration operation or salvage operation
of particles in sufficient number to cause annoyance to any other person,
which particles are sufficiently large as to be visible as individual
particles at the emission point or of such size and nature as to be
visible individually as incandescent particles. This section Ulll.2
shall only apply if such particles fall on real property other than that
of the person responsible for the emission.
Section 4ll2.l No person shall cause, let, permit, suffer, or
allow any emission from any incineration operation of partlculate matter
in excess of a concentration of 0.20 grains per standard dry cubic foot
of exhaust gas. For the purposes of this section 4112.1, the actual
measured concentration of particulate matter in the exhaust gas shall
be corrected to the concentration which the same quantity of particulate
matter would constitute in the exhaust gas, minus water vapor, corrected
to standard conditions, containing 6% oxygen by volume and as if no
auxiliary fuel had been used. Calculation of this corrected concentration
from the actual measured concentration shall be as given in Chapter 1 ,
Division 8. Tests for determining compliance with this section U112.1
shall be for not less than 50 minutes in 60 consecutive minutes, or 90$
of the time of actual source operation, whichever is less (amended
by Resolution No. 258, dated October 18, 1961)
Section Ull3. Listed under "Regulations Pertaining to Hydrocarbon
Emission Control" section of this report.
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REGULATIONS
PERTAINING TO
PARTICULAR EMISSIONS FROM
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(Additional types of regulations are listed
in the zoning ordinances of Porter County,
Indiana and OuPage County, Illinois in the
"Zoning Ordinances" section of this compilation)
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ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
SMOKE CONTROL ORDINANCE
(effective July 5, I960)
1308. STEEL AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES:
.1 The provisions of this article shall apply to blast fur-
naces, by-product coke plants, beehive coke ovens, open hearth furnaces,
electric furnaces, sintering plants, basic oxygen steel furnaces,
Bessemer converters, cupolas, heating and reheating furnaces, and air
furnaces.
.2 Blast Furnaces:
(a) The provisions of Sections 1305.3 and 1305.4 shall
not apply to blast furnaces.
(b) All blast furnaces shall be equipped with gas clean-
ing devices and so operated as to reduce the particulate matter
in the gases discharged to the atmosphere after burning to 0.35
Ib. or less per 1,000 lb. of gases.
(c) Excess blast furnace gas being bled to the atmos-
phere shall contain no more than 0.50 lb. of particulate matter
per 1000 lb. of gases, and shall be burned as bled to the
atmosphere.
(d) All iron blast furnaces shall be equipped with
measuring devices which shall show a graphic record of the time
and duration of all irregular movements of the burden, and of
the time and duration of all openings of the blast furnace
automatic relief valves, and such information shall be furnished
to the Department as requested.
(e) The provisions of Sections 1308.2 (b) and 1308.2 (c)
shall not apply during irregular movements of the furnace burden
when it is necessary to open the automatic relief valves at the
top of the furnace for safe operation.
(f) All persons responsible for the operation of blast
furnaces within the County shall participate in a program of
research to determine practical methods of further controlling
the emission of air pollutants during irregular movements of the
furnace burden. Reports indicating the progress of the research
program shall be submitted annually by the Advisory Committee
with recommendations to the Board of Health.
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•3 By-Product Coke Plants:
(a) The provisions of Section 1305.3 shall apply to by-
product coke ovens except as follows:
1. When charging a battery of coke ovens, smoke
shall be permitted from such battery of an appearance,
density, or shade darker than No. 2 of the Ringelmann
Chart for a period or periods aggregating not more than
twelve (12) minutes in any sixty (60) minute period.
2. When pushing coke from a battery of coke ovens,
smoke shall be permitted from such battery of an appear-
ance, density, or shade darker than Ho. 2 of the
Ringelmann Chart for a period or periods aggregating not
more than twelve (12) minutes In any sixty (60) minute
period.
(b) Coke oven doors, frames, and ovens shall be so main-
tained that smoke or fumes darker than Ho. 2 of the Ringelmann
Chart will not escape to the atmosphere.
(c) All persons responsible for the operation of by-
product coke plants shall participate in a program of research
to determine practical methods of further controlling the
emission of air pollutants from such plants. Reports indicating
the progress of the research program shall be submitted annually
by the Advisory Committee with recommendations to the Board of
Health.
.4 Beehive Coke Ovens:
(a) Ho beehive coke ovens shall be operated within the
County*
.5 Open Hearth Furnaces, Electric Furnaces, and Sintering Plants:
(a) The provisions of Sections 1305.3 and 1305.k shall not
apply to open hearth furnaces, electric furnaces, and sintering plants.
(b) All open hearth furnaces, electric furnaces, and sin-
tering plants constructed subsequent to the enactment of these Rules
and Regulations shall be equipped with gas cleaning devices to
reduce the particulate matter in the gas discharged to the atmos-
phere to 0.20 Ib. or less per 1,000 Ib. of gases.
-------
(c) For all open hearth furnace plants, electric furnace
plants, and sintering plants respectively, which were constructed
prior to the enactment of these Rules and Regulations, a pro-
gram for the continued installation of gas cleaning devices, or,
alternatively, a program for the replacement of specified plant
facilities shall be recommended by the Advisory Committee to
the Board of Health. The program shall be submitted within such
time as shall be fixed by the Board of Health. In each program
for gas cleaning, the devices shall reduce the particulate matter
in the gas discharged to the atmosphere to 0.20 Ib. or less per
1,000 Ib. of gases. After said program has been approved by the
Board of Health, the owner of said equipment shall not be in
violation of these Rules and Regulations so long as said program
is complied with. Reports indicating the status of these gas
cleaning programs shall be submitted annually by the Advisory
Committee to the Board of Health.
(d) The provisions of Sections 1308.5 (b) and 1308.5 (c)
shall not apply to electric furnaces when the gas collection
system is necessarily disconnected from the furnace, as in
charging and pouring.
(e) All persons responsible for the operations of open
hearth furnaces, electric furnaces, and sintering plants within
the County shall undertake or participate in a program of
research to determine practical methods of further controlling
the •mission of air pollutants from such furnaces. Reports
indicating the progress of these research programs shall be
submitted annually by the Advisory Committee with recommendations
to the Board of Health.
.6 Basic Oxygen Steel Furnaces:
(a) The provisions of Sections 1305.3 and 1305.fc shall not
apply to basic oxygen steel furnaces.
(b) All basic oxygen steel furnace plants shall be equipped
with gas cleaning devices to reduce the particulate matter in the
gases discharged to the atmosphere to 0.20 Ib. or less per 1,000
Ib. of gases.
.7 Bessemer Converters:
(a) No new Bessemer converter shall be constructed within
the County until equipment effecting air pollution control in
accordance with the provisions of Section 1305.U shall have been
developed.
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(b) The provisions of Sections 1305.3 and 1305.fc shall not
apply to Bessemer converters in existence at the time of the enact-
ment of these Rules and Regulations.
(c) All persons responsible for the operation of Bessemer
converters shall undertake or participate in a program of research
to determine practical methods of controlling the emission of air
pollutants from such Bessemer converters. Reports indicating
the progress of the research program shall be submitted annually
with recommendations by the Advisory Committee to the Board of
Health.
.8 Cupolas:
(a) All new cupolas constructed within the County shall
be equipped with gas cleaning devices and so operated as to comply
with the provisions of Section 1305*3 aad to reduce the par-
ticulate matter in the gases discharged to the atmosphere to 0.50
Ib. or less per 1,000 Ib. gases.
(b) The prorLsons of Sections 1305*3 and 1305.U shall not
apply to cupolas in existence at the time of the enactment of
these Rules and Regulations.
(c) All persons responsible for the operation of cupolas
within the County shall undertake to participate In a program
of research to determine practical methods of further controlling
the emission of air pollutants from cupolas. Reports indicating
the status of the research shall be submitted «nmi*ny by the
Advisory Committee with recommendations to the Board of Health.
.9 Heating and Reheating Furnaces:
(a) The following exception to the provisions of Section 1305.3
shall be permitted in connection with the operation of a heating or
reheating furnace: smoke shall be permitted of an appearance,
density, or shade darker than Ho. 2 of the Ringelmann Chart for a
period or periods aggregating not more than six (6) minutes in any
sixty (60) minute period.
(b) No person shall cause, suffer, or allow to be emitted
into the open air from any heating or reheating furnace, or to
pass a convenient measuring point nearest the stack outlet, par-
ti culate matter in the gases to exceed 0.30 Ib. per 1,000 Ib. of
gases.
-1*5-
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.10 Air Furnaces:
(a) The following exception to the provisions of Section
1305.3 shall be permitted in connection with the operation of an
air furnace: smoke shall be permitted of an appearance, density,
or shade darker than No. 2 of the Ringelmann Chart for a period
or periods aggregating not more than six (6) minutes in any
sixty (60) minute period.
(b) No person shall cause, suffer, or allow to be emitted
Into the open air from any air furnace, particulate matter in the
gases to exceed 0.50 Ib. per 1,000 Ib. of gases.
-U6-
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CITY OF BELOIT, WISCONSIN
CITY PLANNING AND ZONING
CHAPTER X
(revised April 25, 1962)
Section 10.08: M-l and M-2 INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS:
In the M-l and M-2 Industrial Districts all Commercial and
Industrial uses permitted shall comply with the following table of
standards and requirements:
I. lulsance Standards:
A. Air Pollution
1. Smoke, fumes, mist, vapor similar air contaminant from
any source whatsoever shall not be discharged into
the atmosphere for a period or periods aggregating
more than 10 minutes in any one hour which is:
a. Darker in shade than that
designated on the U.S.
Bureau of Mines RLngel-
mann Chart as: #1 #2
(District M-l) (District M-2)
b. Of such opacity as to obscure vision to a degree
equivalent to #1 of the Ringelmann Chart.
2. Dust, lint, fumes, or other particulate matter resulting
from industrial or commercial processes or operations:
a. When emitted from chimneys, stacks, exhaust ducts,
vents or other openings shall not exceed the maxi-
mum allowable discharge per hour shown in the
following table:
Process weight per hour Maximum allowable discharge per hour
(See definition Section) Industrial Districts
100# O.U6# No definite maximum
500# 1.77# allowable discharge
1,000# 2.80# is established for
2,500# k.6k# M-2 zone. However,
5,000# 6.67# existing industries
10,000# 10.00# shall not construct
20,OCO# 16.19# new facilities which
1*0,000# 28.30# would emit particu-
60,000# or more ItO.OOf late at a higher rate
-1*7-
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of discharge than
their existing
facilities and
further no industry
may emit particulate
matter which is so
noxious or offensive
as to effect the con-
tinuation, extension
or establishment of
other lawful indus-
tries or businesses
in its neighborhood.
b. When resulting from unenclosed operations such as
quarrying, storage yards and similar outdoor oper-
ations, shall be so controlled that particulate
matter does not normally blow onto adjacent property.
-1*8-
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METROPOLITAN DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA
POLLUTION CONTROL ORDINANCE
ORDINANCE NO. 63-14
(adopted April 23, 1963)
Section 3.02 PARTICULATE MATTER.
1. No person shall cause, let, permit, suffer or allow the
emission in any one hour from any source whatsoever, particulate matter
in total quantities in excess of the amount shown in the following Table.
ALLOWABLE RATE OF EMISSION BASED
ON PROCESS WEIGHT RATE
Process weight
rate
Lb/Hr
100
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
12,000
Tons/Hr
0.05
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.^0
5.00
6.00
Rate of
emission
Lb/Hr
0.551
0.877
1.40
1.83
2.22
2.58
3.38
4.10
4.76
5.38
5.96"
6.52
7.58
8.56
9.49
10.4
11.2
12.0
13.6
Process weight
rate
Lb/Hr
16,000
18,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
200,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
6,000,000
Tons/Hr
8.00
9.00
10.
15.
20.
25.
30.
35.
4o.
45.
50.
60.
70.
80.
100.
500.
1,000.
3,000.
1
Rate of
emission
Lb/Hr
16.5
17.9
19.2
25.2
30.5
35.4
40.0
41.3
42.5
43.6
44.6
46.3
47.8
49.0
51.2
69.0
77.6
92.7
To use this table take the process weight rate (Lb/Hr. or Tons/Hr.).
Then find this figure on the table, opposite is the maximum number
of pounds of contaminants which may be discharged into the atmosphere
in any one hour.
-49-
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2. The limitation expressed herein shall not require the
reduction of particulate matter concentration, based on source gas volume,
below the concentration specified in the following Table for such volume;
provided, that, for the purposes of this section, the person responsible for
the emission may elect to substitute a volume from the following Table in
which any volume of gases passing through and leaving an air pollution
abatement operation may be substituted for the source gas volume of the
source operation served by such air pollution abatement operation, pro-
vided such air pollution abatement operation emits no more than forty
percent (hQ%) of the weight of particulate matter entering thereto;
and provided further that such substituted volume shall be corrected
to standard conditions and to a moisture content no greater than that of
any gas stream entering such air pollution abatement operation, and
provided further that the burden of showing the source gas volume or other
volume substituted, therefore, including all of the factors which determine
such volume and the methods of determining and computing such volume,
shall be on the person seeking to come within the provision of this
section.
MINIMUM CONCENTRATION TO BE REQUIRED
Source gas
volume, SCFM
7,000
or less
8,000
9,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
1(0,000
50,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
Concentration
GR/SCP
0.100
0.096
0.092
0.089
0.071
0.062
0.057
0.053
0.050
0.0^5
o.ote
o.oto
Source gas
volume, SCFM
1^0,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
300,000
1*00,000
500,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
or more
Concentration
GR/SCF
0.038
0.036
0.035
0.031*
0.030
0.027
0.025
0.02U
0.021
0.020
Interpolation of the data in this table shall be based on linear
interpolation between adjacent values.
-50-
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CITY OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN
OFFICIAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
ORDINANCE NO. 167-E
ARTICLE 2
(effective November 6, 1964)
EMISSION SCHEDULE
Source Of Emission
Ferrous Cupola
Production
Jobbing
Steel Manufacturing
Open hearth Furnaces
Basic Oxygen Furnaces
Electric Furnaces (d)
Sintering Plants
Blast Furnaces
Blast Furnaces (excess gas bled
to atmosphere)
Heating & Reheating Furnaces
Maximum Allowable Einission
pounds particulate per thousand
pounds of exhaust gas (a), (g)
Design (b) Operating (b)
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.15
0.25
0.1*0
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.50
0.30
(a) Fuel burning and incinerator emission limitations shall be corrected
to 150 per cent total air.
(b) The operating limitation allows for gradual deterioration of equip-
ment performance during extended periods of continuous operation
where it is impractical to maintain design conditions for these
extended periods. (See Regulation No. 1, Section 2.4 for further
details on intent.)
(d) These emission limitations shall not apply to electric furnaces when
the gas collection system needs to be disconnected due to technical
infeasibility, as may be encountered during charging, refining in a
reducing slag, and pouring.
(g) When wet collectors or scrubbers are utilized, that portion of water
vapor in the exhaust gases which was added for collector or scrubber
requirements shall be deleted from the total exhaust gases in calcu-
lating the particulate emission rate.
-51-
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Section 2,kA
REGULATION NO. 2
DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN JOBBING AND PRODUCTION FOUNDRIES
Cupolas used in a Jobbing foundry are the same as those used in a
production foundry and will vary in size only according to the quantity
of iron melted per hour.
However, the cupolas in a jobbing foundry will be run intermittently
for Just long enough at one time to pour the molds that are ready on the
foundry floor, Job by Job. This might be for a 2 to 4 hour period per day
for any number of days per week.
Whereas the production foundry cupolas will melt continuously to
pour a succession of molds that are constantly being prepared to receive
this continuous flow of iron. This could become 8 hours, 16 hours, or
2k hours per day for any number of days per week.
REGULATION NO. 3
COLLECTOR REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCTION CUPOLAS
The intent of the design emission limitation of 0.1#/1000# of gas
applying to production ferrous foundry cupolas is to require the instal-
lation of high efficiency collectors capable of collecting the fine
metallic fume typical of emissions from this source. Presently available
equipment suitable for this application is a well designed baghouse or a
high pressure drop Venturi scrubber of equivalent efficiency. Other
types of collectors will be considered on their individual merit and
upon submission of adequate proof that they are capable of achieving
equal efficiencies.
The operating limit of 0.25#/1000# of gas is intended to provide
only for short time unavoidable variations from design conditions and
for gradual deterioration of equipment during normal continuous operation.
Deliberate or intentional operation of equipment at less than its intended
design efficiency is considered to be a violation of this Ordinance.
REGULATION NO. k
COLLECTOR REQUIREMENTS FOR JOBBING SHOP CUPOLAS
This Regulation is for the purpose of clarifying the intent of
the emission limitation of 0.*»#/1000# of gas applying to jobbing shop
cupolas.
-52-
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High efficiency cyclone type collectors or other types of
collectors not less efficient are considered acceptable and capable of
meeting this requirement.
Should the operation of this equipment, when properly applied,
operated and maintained and served by an adequate stack, meet all
Ordinance requirements except the applicable emission limitation, this
limitation is to be re-evaluated.
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COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
RULES AND REGULATIONS
REGULATION IV. PROHIBITIONS
(amended June 1, 1963)
ROLE 5*». DUST AND FUMES. A person shall not discharge in any
one hour from any source whatsoever dust or fumes in total quantities
In excess of the amount shown in the following table: (see next page)
To use the following table, take the process weight per hour
as such is defined in Rule 2(j). Then find this figure on the table,
opposite which is the maximum number of pounds of contaminants which
may be discharged into the atmosphere in any one hour. As an example,
if A has a process which emits contaminants into the atmosphere and
which process takes 3 hours to complete, he will divide the weight
of all materials in the specific process, in this example, 1,500 Ibs.
by 3 giving a process weight per hour of 500 Ibs. The table shows that
A may not discharge more than 1.77 Ibs. in any one hour during the
process. Where the process weight per hour falls between figures in
the left hand column, the exact weight of permitted discharge may be
interpolated.
-------
Process Maximum Weight Process Maximum Weight
Wt/hr(lbs) Dlsch/hr(lbs) Vt/hr(lbs) M.8ch/hr(lbs)
50 .24 3400 5.44
100 .46 3500 5.52
IS
iS SS £
450 1.63 4KJO 6.01
500 1.77 1*200 6.08
550 1.89
600 2.01 ^° f-22
650 2.12 ^500 6.30
TOO 2.24 1*600 6.37
750 2.34 1*700 6.45
800 2.43 U800 6.52
850 2.53 4900 6.60
900 2.62 5000 6.67
950 2.72
looo 2.80 5500 7.03
6000 7.37
UOO 2.97 6500 7.71
1200 3.12 TOGO 8.05
1300 3-26 7500 8.39
l1*00 3-*0 8000 8.71
1500 3-5U 8500 9.03
1600 3.66 9000 9.36
1700 3.79 9500 9.67
I800 3.91 10000 10.0
1900 4.03 nooo 10.63
2000 4.14 iaooo 11.28
2100 4.24 13000 11.89
2200 4.34 1J»000 12.50
2300 4.44 15000 13.13
2lt00 ^»55
2500 4.64
2600 4.74 18000 14.97
2700 4.84 19000 15.58
2800 4.92 20000 16.19
2900 5.02 30000 22.22
3000 5.10 1«0000 28.3
50000 34.3
3100 5.18 60000 40.0
3200 5.27 or
3300 5.36 more
-55-
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STATE OF NEW .JERSEY
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
CHAPTER VII
(effective October 1, 1964)
Section 2. CONTROL AND PROHIBITION OF AIR POLLUTION FROM
SOLID PARTICLES
2.1 No person shall cause, suffer, allow or permit solid particles to
be discharged from any stack or chimney into the outdoor atmos-
phere in excess of the allowable emission as provided herein.
2.2 Whenever the discharge from any stack or chimney includes coarse
solid particles which consist of a single material, the allow-
able emission of coarse solid particles shall be the basic
emission as determined from Section 2.15 modified by the effect
factor for the material being discharged as determined from
Section 2.4.
2.3 Whenever the discharge from any stack or chimney includes coarse
solid particles which consist of two or more materials, the
allowable emission of coarse solid particles for each material
shall be the basic emission as determined from Section 2.15
modified by the effect factor for the respective material as
determined from Section 2.4; and the allowable emission of
coarse solid particles for the combined materials from such
stack or chimney shall be either the sum of the allowable emis-
sion for the individual materials or the allowable emission
computed for an effect factor of one (l), whichever is the
lesser.
2.4 The effect factor for coarse solid particles is as follows:
Material Effect Factor
(a) All materials not specifically 1.0
listed hereunder.
(b) Elements and their compounds on the
basis of the element contained therein.
(none assigned)
When a compound (material) contains two
or more elements, the effect factor of
the element having the lowest effect
factor shall apply.
(c) Specific materials.
(none assigned)
-56-
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2.5 Whenever the discharge from any stack or chimney includes fine
solid particles which consist of a single material, the allow-
able emission of fine solid particles shall be the basic emission
determined from Section 2.16 modified by the effect factor for
the material being discharged as determined from Section 2.7.
2.6 Whenever the discharge from any stack or chimney includes fine
solid particles which consist of two or more materials, the
allowable emission of fine solid particles for each material shall
be the basic emission as determined from Section 2.16 modified
by the effect factor for the respective material as determined
from Section 2.7 and the allowable emission of fine solid particles
for the combined materials from such stack or chimney shall be
either the sum of the allowable emissions for the individual
materials or the allowable emission computed for an effect factor
of one (l), whichever is the lesser.
2.7 The effect factor for fine solid particles is as follows:
Material Effect Factor
(a) All materials not specifically 1.0
listed hereunder.
(b) Elements and their compounds on the
basis of the clement contained therein.
Antimony 0*9
Arsenic 0.9
Barium 0.9
Beryllium 0.003
Cadmium 0*2
Chromium 0.2
Cobalt 0.9
Copper 0.2
Hafnium 0.9
Lead 0.3
Phosphorous 0.2
Selenium 0.2
Silver 0.1
Tellurium 0.2
-57-
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Thallium 0.2
Uranium (Solu) 0.1
Uranium (Insol) O.1*
Vanadium 0.2
Whe. a compound (material) contains two
or more elements, the effect factor of
the element having the lowest effect
factor shall apply.
(c) Specific materials.
Alpha-naphthyl-thio urea 0.5
Lead arsenate 0.3
Lithium hydride O.oU
2.8 Whenever the person responsible for the discha--ee of solid particles
believes that a specific compound of an element listed in either
Section 2.1*(b) or Section 2.7(b) does not contribute to air pollu-
tion to the degree represented by the assigned effect factor, he
•may submit data to the Department setting forth reasons and Justi-
fication for a less restrictive effect factor for the specific
compound in question. If the change is approved by the Department,
the Department shall, upon approval of the Commission, assign a
revised effect factor which shall be used for the purpose of this
chapter.
2.9 Whenever solid particles from one source operation are discharged
through two or more stacks or chimneys, the total quantity that
may be discharged from any one stack or chimney shall not exceed
the allowable emission permitted for that stack or chimney, nor
shall the total quantity that may be discharged from all the
stacks exceed the emission that would be permitted from the
single stack or chimney having the greatest allowable emission.
2.10 In any process wherein solid fuel is burned without direct contact
with process material, Chapter V shall govern the allowable
emission from the burning of solid fuel and Chapter VII shall
govern the allowable emission from the source operation.
2.11 The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to:
(a) Smoke as defined and regulated under Chapter IV of this Code.
(b) Combustion of solid fuel as defined and regulated under
Chapter V of this Code.
(c) Incinerators designed and operated for the destruction of
refuse.
-58-
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2.12 Upon the request of the Department, any person discharging solid
particles through a stack or chimney shall submit to the
Department, on forms provided by the Department, information
regarding height of such stack, distance from stack to nearest
property line, nature of source operation and such other infor-
mation as the Department may require relative to the emission
of solid particles.
2.13 Whenever the person responsible for any stack or chimney believes
that the effective stack height is greater than the stack height,
he may calculate the plume rise and submit his data on forms
provided by the Department. If the plume rise is approved by
the Department, the effective stack height may be used in lieu of
the stack height.
2.lU Any person responsible for the emission of solid particles through
a stack or chimney from source operations shall, upon request
of the Department, provide in connection with such stack or
chimney such sampling facilities and testing facilities, exclusive
of instruments and sensing devices, as may be necessary for the
Department to determine the nature and quantity of solid particles
which are or may be discharged as the result of source operations.
Such facilities may be either permanent or temporary, at the
discretion of the person responsible for their provision, and shall
conform to all applicable laws and regulations concerning safe
construction or safe practice.
2.15 The basic and allowable emissions for coarse solid particles shall
be computed as follows:
Step 1 Establish stack height or effective stack height if
plume rise is approved.
Step 2 Determine the distance from the stack to the nearest
property line.
Step 3 Divide result of Step 2 by result of Step 1, this is
the distance from stack to nearest property line in
stack heights. Locate this value on the scale along
the left side of chart for Basic Bnission for Coarse
Solid Particles.
Step k Locate the line on the chart representing the stack
height or effective stack height determined from
Step 1; interpolate if necessary.
-59-
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Step 5 Draw a horizontal line across chart from the value
determined by Step 3 to the point wherevthis line
intersects the line determined by Step U.
Step 6. Draw a vertical line from the point determined by Step 5
to the basic emission scale at the bottom of the chart.
The point at which this line intersects the scale yields
the basic emission in pounds per hour.
Step 7 Multiply the basic emission by the effect factor assigned
under Section 2.U. The result yields the allowable
emission for coarse solid particles.
2.16 The basic and allowable emissions for fine solid particles shall
be computed as follows:
Step 1 Establish stack height or effective stack height if
plume rise is approved.
Step 2 Determine distance from the stack to nearest property
line.
Step 3 Divide result of Step 2 by result of Step 1, this is
the distance from stack to nearest property line in
stack heights. Locate this value on the scale along
the left aide of chart for Basic Bnission for Fine
Solid Particles.
Step U Locate the line on the chart representing the stack
height o? effective stack height determined from Step 1;
interpolate if necessary.
Step 5 Draw a horizontal line across chart from the value
determined by Step 3 to the point where this line inter-
sects the line determined by Step k.
Step 6 Draw a vertical line from the point determined by Step 5
to the basic emission scale at the bottom of the chart.
The point at which this line intersects the scale yields
the basic emission in pounds per hour.
Step 7 Multiply the basic emission by the effect factor assigned
under Section 2.7. The result yields the allowable
emission for fine solid particles.
-60-
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Note: Coarse solid particles are defined as solid particles
having a size equal to or greater than kk microns and solid
particles when such particles are contained in or on liquid
particles.
Fine solid particles are defined as solid particles,
including fumes, having a size less than Mt microns.
-61-
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I
ON
5 5
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BASIC EMISSION, POUNDS PER HOUR
For coarse solid particles
N. J. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
diopter VII, Section 2.15
BASIC EMISSION FOR COARSE SOLID PARTICLES
O>o>t No. L,
-------
I
ON
LO
j£ ft-n )' - t*-t§- • JUt H - 3- — "- r? L ..
F HH h 33= ffi 8 - t 17 ra t i:
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a a assess ssssssssg s ?£|SsR
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I III
1 234
nrmniraa.il MM iiiiiiimiirnirnmnTOntmitmiiiiffiiiiiiii!! 111 niiiimiimnnminitrmmmttniiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 1111 imiiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniii,
I I I i I I I I I I II
° o £J o *3 o 9 9 9 9 0*0
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BASIC EMISSION, POUNDS PER HOUR
For fine solid particles
N. J. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
Choptw V||, Section 2.16
BASIC EMISSION FOR FINE SOLID PARTICLES
Chart M.. 2
-------
CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW TORK
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
ARTICLE 9- EMISSION STANDARDS
(effective October 1, 196U)
Sec. 9.09 EMISSION OF PARTICULATE MATTER FROM REFUSE BURNING EQUIPMENT,
FUEL BURNING EQUIPMENT, OR EQUIPMENT USED IN A MANUFACTURING
PROCESS; WEIGHT-RATE STANDARD
No person shall cause or permit the emission of particulate
natter from refuse turning equipment, fuel burning equipment, or equip-
ment used in a manufacturing process if the emission from such equipment
is in violation of the provisions of Section 9.03 or if the particulate
matter emitted as measured in the flue exceeds the following weights:
(a) (Does not pertain to this section. Listed under
"Regulations Pertaining to Particulate Emissions from Refuse Burning
Equipment" section of this report.)
(b) (Does not pertain to this section. Listed under
"Regulations Pertaining to Particulate Emissions from Fuel Burning
Plants" section of this report.)
(c) In equipment used in a manufacturing process, 0.5 pounds
for each 100 pounds or less of process weight per hour. If the process
weight per hour is more than 100 pounds, the amount of particulate matter
which may be emitted in any 60 minute period shall decrease for each
pound of process weight as the process weight per hour increases, as
follows:
(l) no more than 1.U6 pounds for each 500 pounds of
process weight per hour;
(2) no more than 2.30 pounds for each 1,000 pounds of
process weight per hour;
(3) no more than 6.70 pounds for each 5,000 pounds of
process weight per hour;
(4) no more than 10.80 pounds for each 10,000 pounds of
process weight per hour;
(5) no more than 20.00 pounds for each 25,000 pounds of
process weight per hour;
(6) no more than 31.80 pounds for each 50,000 pounds of
process weight per hour;
-------
(7) no more than 43.00 pounds for each 75,000 pounds of
process weight per hour;
(8) no more than 50.00 pounds for each 100,000 pounds
or more of process weight per hour, except that
if the equipment was installed before
October 1, 1964 and the process weight per hour
exceeds 100,000 pounds then the amount of par-
ticulate matter which may be emitted in any
60 minute period shall be no more than 92.00
pounds for each 250,000 pounds of process weight
per hour, no more than 145.00 pounds for each
500,000 pounds of process weight per hour, no
more than 192.00 pounds for each 750,000 pounds
of process weight per hour, and no more thai)
235.00 pounds for each 1,000,000 pounds or more
of process weight per hour; but in no event shall
more than 33 pounds be emitted in any 60 minute
period in light manufacturing districts as
provided by the Zoning Resolution of the
City of Hew York.
The amount of particulate matter which may be emitted for any
intermediate amount of process weight per hour shall be determined by
linear Interpolation.
-65-
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COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
RULES AND REGULATIONS
REGULATION III
(adopted August 5, 1958)
Rule 3:6 (Amended 11-6-61) DUST, FUMES AND PARTICIPATE MATTER.
A person shall not discharge into the atmosphere In any one hour from
any source or single processing unit whatsoever, dust, fumes or
partlculate matter in quantities In excess of the limitations as shown
by Curve No. 1 of Graph No. 3 of the Rules and Regulations adopted
August 5, 1958. All such processes shall in addition to compliance
with this Rule be controlled by Rules 3:2, 3:3> 3'^ *nd 3t5» It is
hereby further declared to be the policy of the Control Board that
this rule shall remain In effect for an indefinite period of time
pending completion of a research project designed to obtain scientific
data upon which to formulate a permanent, reasonable rule for control
of non-toxic dust, fumes or particulate matter.
I
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
i n 11 m
I i 111 n
i i i i i M
i i i i M n
I I I I I 1111 I I I I I I 111 I I I I I I 111 I
j i
10 100
Mean Particulate Size - Microns
1000
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SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
REGULATION 2
(revised 1962)
Division 6, Chapter 1
Section 6111.1 No person shall cause, let, permit, suffer, or
allow any emission from any general combustion operation or general
operation which does not comply with the visible emission limitations
in section 3110, Chapter 1, Division 3.
Section 6111.2 No person shall cause, let, permit, suffer,
or allow the emission from any general combustion operation of particles
in sufficient number to cause annoyance to any other person, which
particles are sufficiently large as to be visible as individual par-
ticles at the emission point or of such size and nature as to be visible
individually as incandescent particles. This section 6111.2 shall only
apply if such particles fall on real property other than that of the
person responsible for the emission.
Section 6112.1 No person shall cause, let, permit, suffer, or
allow the emission from any general operation or general combustion
operation of particulate matter from any emission point in a concentration
in excess of 0.30 grain per standard dry cubic foot of exhaust gas volume.
Section 6112.2 Except as provided in sections 6112.3 and 6113 no
person shall cause, let, permit, suffer, or allow the emission from any
general operation or general combustion operation of particulate matter
from any emission point at a rate in excess of that specified in Table 2
for the process weight rate allocated to such emission point.
Section 6112.3 The limitations established by section 6112.2
shall not require the reduction of particulate matter concentration, based
on the source gas volume, below the concentration specified in Table 3
for such volume; provided that, for the purposes of this section 6112.3,
the person responsible for the emission may elect to substitute a volume
determined according to the provisions of section 6112A; and provided
further that the burden of showing the source gas volume or other volume
substituted therefore,including all of the factors which determine such
volume and the methods of determining and computing such volume, shall be
on the person seeking to come within the provisions of this section 6112.3.
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TABLE 2
ALLOWABLE RATE OF EMISSION BASED ON
PROCESS WEIGHT RATEa'b
Process Weight
Rate
Lb/Hr
100
200
4oo
600
800
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
5,000
6,000
T,ooo
8,000
9,000
10,000
12,000
Tons/Hr
0.05
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.1*0
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.50
3.00
3-50
4.00
if. 50
5.00
6.00
Rate of
Emission
Lb/Hr
0.551
0.877
i.4o
1.83
2.22
2.58
3-38
4.10
4.76
5.38
5.96
6.52
7.58
8.56
9.49
10.4
11.2
12.0
13.6
Process Weight
Rate
Lb/Hr
16,000
18,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
200,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
6,000,000
Tons/Hr
8.00
9.00
10.
15.
20.
25.
30.
35.
40.
45.
50.
60.
70.
80.
100.
500.
1,000.
3,000.
Rate of
Emission
Lb/Hr
16.5
17-9
19.2
25.2
30.5
35.4
40.0
41.3
42.5
43.6
44.6
46.3
47.8
49.0
51.2
69.0
77.6
92.7
Sections of major importance with reference to this table are
sections 2024, 2027, 3213, 3214, and 6112.2.
'interpolation of the data in this table for process weight rates up ^
to 6o,000 Ib/hr shall be accomplished by use of the equation E * 4.10 P * ',
and interpolation and extrapolation of the data for process weight rates
in excess of 60,000 Ib/hr shall be accomplished by use of the equation;
E = 55.0 P°* - 40, where E «= rate of emission in Ib/hr and
P = process weight rate in tons/hr.
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Section 6112. k- Any volume of gases passing through and leaving
an air pollution abatement operation may be substituted for the source
gas volume of the source operation served by such air pollution abatement
operation, for the purposeE of section 6112.3, provided such air pollution
abatement operation emits ho more than 1*0% of the weight of particulate
matter entering thereto; and provided further that such substituted
volume shall be corrected to standard conditions and to a moisture content
no greater than that of any gas stream entering such air pollution
abatement operation.
TABLE 3
MINIMUM CONCENTRATION TO BE REQUIRED
a,b
Source Oas
Volume, SCFK
T>000
or less
8,000
9,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
140,000
50,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
Concentration
OR/SCF
0.100
0.096
0.092
0.089
O.OJl
0.062
0.057
0.053
0.050
0.0^5
o.ote
o.oto
Source Gas
Volume, SCFM
11*0,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
300,000
ltOO>000
500,000
600,000
800,000
1,000>000
or more
Concentration
GR/SCF
0.038
0.036
0.035
0.034
0.030
0.027
0.025
0.02k
0.021
0.020
Sections of major importance with reference to this table are:
Sections 202^, 2030, 6112.3, and 6112.U.
'interpolation of the data in this table shall fee based on linear
interpolation between adjacent values.
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CHAPTER 2.
Section 6200 Emissions from the following listed source oper-
ations shall be subject to this section 6200, to sections 3211, 3213,
and 321^, and to all of Division 7, and to no other part of this regu-
lation, p-ovided < uat such emissions are minimized by the best modern
practice^ method* and concepts which may, from time to time, be
reasonably applied. This section 6200 shall not require such source
operations to meet emission limits more restrictive than the limits
which would otherwise apply to such operations under other provisions
of this regulation.
Section 6210 Electric furnaces during charging; and the doors
of open hearth steel furnaces during charging.
Section 6211 Water-quenching of incandescent coke upon"dis-
charge from coke ovens, provided that this exception shall apply to
such operations only after every reasonable effort has been made to
minimize emissions by improving the quality of quench water.
Section 6212 Transfer of molten metals or of molten metallurgical
slags.
Section 6213 Emissions from transfer ladles resulting from
additions of solid materials for improving ferrous metal properties.
Section 62lk Coke ovens.
Section 621$ Emissions during a change to or a change from the
use of gas supplied on an interruptible service contract by a public utility.
Section 6216 Operations which are performed solely for the move-
ment of solid materials.
Section 6217 Material stock piles.
Section 6218 Blasting.
Section 6219 Coal-fired Hoffman-type brick-making kilns in exis-
tence on May **, I960.
Section 6220 Orchard heaters purchased before March 31, 1961,
during emergency use to protect crops against frost damage. This exception
shall terminate July k, 1965. (Amended by Resolution No. 258, dated
October 18, 1961)
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REGULATIONS
PERTAINING TO
SULPUR-OOMPOUND-EMI3SION CONTROL
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METROPOLITAN DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA
POLLUTION CONTROL ORDINANCE
ORDINANCE NO. 63 - 1^
ARTICLE III
(adopted April 23, 1963)
Section 3.03 SULFUR DIOXIDE.
1. No person shall cause, let, permit, suffer or allow any emission
of sulfur dioxide which results in ground level concentrations of sulfur
dioxide at any given point in excess of 1.0 ppm (volume) in a 20-minute
period of any hour and average exposure shall not exceed 0.1 ppm (volume)
of sulfur dioxide in any 8-hour period. These limitations shall not apply
to ground level concentrations occurring on the property from which such
emission occurs, provided such property, from the emission point to the
point of any such concentration is controlled by the person responsible
for such emission.
2. Except as provided in Subsection 1 above, no person shall
cause, let, penult, suffer or allow the emission of gas containing sulfur
dioxide in excess of 2000 ppm (volume). All sampling of exhaust gases
shall be conducted following techniques designated by the Pollution Control
Officer. For purposes of this section, all sulfur present in gaseous
compounds containing oxygen shall be deemed to be present as sulfur
dioxide, and analyses of samples taken to determine the amount pf sulfur
dioxide in exhaust gases shall be made as specified by the Air Pollution
Control Officer. Tests for determining compliance with this section shall
be for at least 15 consecutive minutes or 90 percent of the time of actual
source operation, whichever is less.
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COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
RULES AND REGULATIONS
REGULATION IV. PROHIBITIONS
(amended June 1, 1965)
RULE 53. (Amended 1-16-58) SPECIFIC CONTAMINANTS. A person
shall not discharge into the atmosphere from any single source of
emission whatsoever any one or more of the following contaminants,
in any state or combination thereof, exceeding in concentration at the
point of discharge:
a. Sulphur Compounds calculated as sulphur dioxide (SO^): 0.2
per cent, by volume.
b. (Does not pertain to this section. Listed under "Regulations
Pertaining to Particulate Emissions from Fuel Burning Plants" section
of this report.)
RULE 62. (Amended 3-l6-6l) SULFUR CONTENTS OF FUELS. A person
shall not burn within the los Angeles Basin at any time between May 1
and September 30, both dates inclusive, during the calendar year 1959,
and each year thereafter between April 15 and November 15 both inclusive,
of the same calendar year, any gaseous fuel containing sulfur compounds
in excess of 50 grains per 100 cubic feet of gaseous fuel, calculated as
hydrogen sulfide at standard conditions, or any liquid fuel or solid fuel
having a sulfur content in excess of 0.5 per cent by weight.
The provisions of this rule shall not apply to:
a. The burning of sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, acid sludge or other
sulfur compounds in the manufacturing of sulfur or sulfur compounds.
b. The incinerating of waste gases provided that the gross heating
value of such gases is less than 300 British thermal units per cubic foot
at standard conditions and - the fuel used to incinerate such waste gases
does not contain sulfur or sulfur compounds in excess of the amount
specified in this rule.
c. The use of solid fuels in any metallurgical process.
d. The use of fuels where the gaseous products of combustion are
used as raw materials for other processes.
e. The use of liquid or solid fuel to propel or test any vehicle,
aircraft, missile, locomotive, boat or ship.
f. The use of liquid fuel whenever the supply of gaseous fuel,
the burning of which is permitted by this rule, is not physically available
to the user due to accident, act of God, act of war, act of the public enemy
or failure of the supplier.
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RULE 62.1 (Adopted l-lU-64) A. A person shall not burn within
the Los Angeles Basin at any time between the days of November 16
of any year and April Ik of the next succeeding calendar year, both
dates Inclusive, any fuel described in the first paragraph of Rule 62
of these Rules and Regulations.
b. Ihe provisions of this Rule do not apply to:
(l) Any use of fuel described in Subsections a, b, c, d,
e, and f of said Rule 62 under the conditions and for
the uses set forth in said Subsections.
(2) The use of liquid fuel during a period for which the
supplier of gaseous fuel, the burning of which is not
prohibited by this Rule, interrupts the delivery of
gaseous fuel to the user.
c. Every holder of, and every applicant for a permit to op-
erate fuel-burning equipment under these Rules and Regu-
lations shall notify the air pollution control officer
In the manner and form prescribed by him, of each inter-
ruption in and resumption of delivery of gaseous fuel to
his equipment.
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CITY OP NEW YORK, NEW YORK
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL CODE
ARTICLE 9 - EMISSION STANDARDS
(effective October 1, 196*0
Section 9.07 EMISSION OF SULFUR COMPOUNDS FROM BQUIR4ENT USED
IN A MANUFACTURING PROCESS: VOLUME STANDARD
No person shall cause or permit the emission of air contaminant from
equipment used in a manufacturing process if the air contaminant emitted
as measured in the flue contains sulfur compounds, calculated as sulfur
dioxide, of more than 2,000 parts per million.
Motion 13.03 SULFUR CONTENT OF FUEL RESTRICTED
No person Shall cause or permit the use, or, if intended for use
In New York City, the purchase, sale, offer of sale, storage or
transportation, of!
(a) Fuel oil Grade No, 2, as classified by the American
Society for Testing and Materials, which contains more
than 1,0# of sulfur by weight; or
(b) Solid fuel on a dry basis or residual fuel oil which
contains more than the following percentages of sulfur
by weignt i
(1) For a period of one year after the effective date of
this Code, 3.0 per cent;
(2) For a period of one year beginning one year after
the effective date of this Code, 2.8 per cent;
(3) For a period of three years, beginning two years
after the effective date of this Code, 2.5 percent;
(k) Thereafter, 2.2 per cent.
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CITY OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
ORDINANCE NO. 50163
(approved January 2k, 1961)
Section 11. IMPORTATION, SALE, TRANSPORTATION, USE OR CONSUMPTION
OP CERTAIN COALS PROHIBITED.
(a) It shall be unlawful for any person to import, sell,
offer for sale, expose for sale, exchange, deliver or trans-
port for use and consumption in the city, or to use or
consume in the city, any coal containing in excess of 23
percent volatile matter on a dry basis except in sizes
which will pass through a two-inch circular opening or its
equivalent. Any such coal containing in excess of 12 percent
ash or 2 percent sulfur on a dry basis as mined, before
importation, sale, transportation, or use in the city, shall
have been cleaned by a process known as washing, so that it
shall contain no more than 12 percent ash on a dry basis,
and such coal can be used or consumed only in approved
mechanical fuel-burning equipment. The term "washing" at
used in this paragraph, is meant to Include purifying, cleaning
or removing impurities from coal by mechanical process, regard-
less of the cleaning medium used. The provisions of this
paragraph shall not apply to any coal with a volatile content
of 23 percent or less on a dry basis.
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SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
REGULATION 2
(revised 1962)
DIVISION 3, CHAPTER I
Section 3121 No person shall cause, let, permit, suffer, or allow any
emission of sulfur dioxide which results in ground level concentrations
of sulfur dioxide at any given point in excess of 1.5 PPm (volume) for
3 consecutive minutes or any of the limits specified in Columns 2,3
4, and 5 of Table 1. Section 3121 shall not apply to the ground level
concentrations occurring on the property from which such emission occurs,
provided such property, from the emission point to the point of any such
concentration, is controlled by the person responsible for such emission.
Section 3122 Except as provided in Section 3123, no person shall cause,
let, permit, suffer, or allow the emission of gas containing sulfur
dioxide in excess of 2000 ppm (volume). All sampling of exhaust gases
shall follow the techniques prescribed in Chapter 2, Division 8. For
purposes of this section 3122, all sulfur present in gaseous compounds
analyses of samples taken to determine the amount of sulfur dioxide in
exhaust gases shall be made as specified in Chapter I, Division 9. Tests
for determining compliance with this section 3122 shall be for not less
than 15 consecutive minutes or 90 percent of the time of actual source
operation, whichever is less.
Section 3123 Emissions exceeding the limits established in Section 3122
shall not constitute a violation of that section provided that all require-
ments of this section 3223, to wit, sections 3123.1 through 3123.9, Inclusive,
are satisfied.
Section 3123.1 Such emissions shall not result in ground-level concentrations
of sulfur dioxide exceeding the limits established by section 3121.
Section 3123.2 The person responsible for such emissions shall have
notified the control officer in writing, prior to such emission, of
his intent to operate under the provisions of section 3123. Such notice
shall include information as to the location of all significant emission
points, the location of the monitoring stations specified in sections
3123.3 and 3123.U, and the nature of the source operations related to each
such emission.
Section 3123-3 Such person shall provide at least three recording sulfur
dioxide monitoring stations located in the area surrounding the source,
which stations shall be operated in accordance with the specifications of
Chapter 4, Division 8.
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Section 3123.k Such person shall provide at least one recording meteoro-
logical station equipped to record wind speed and wind direction.
Section 3123.3 Such person shall provide the necessary care and maintenance
services so that the instruments will function properly and adequately
record sulfur dioxide exposures in the area.
Section 3123.6 Such person shall provide to the control officer a summary
of the data obtained from such instruments during each calendar month.
Such summary shall be in such form and detail as will show the degree
of compliance with section 3121, and the time, location, extent, and
duration of any recorded violation of the provisions of section 3121;
shall include data giving the total mass rate of emission of sulfur dioxide
from the emission points specified in section 3123.2, and a detailed report
of instrument performance and maintenance; and shall be submitted within
the calendar month Immediately succeeding the recording of the data.
Section 3123.7 Such person shall keep for a period of at least one year
all records gathered as a result of this section 3123, and shall make
these available to the control officer at his request.
Section 3123.8 Such person shall examine at the time of each instrument
maintenance check and in any case at intervals of no greater than every
seven days instrument records taken pursuant to the requirements of
this section 3123 to determine compliance with Columns 2 and 3> Table 1,
section 3121. At intervals no greater than every forty days, such person
shall examine such instrument records to determine compliance with
Columns k and 5, Table 1, section 3121. Any recorded violation of
section 3121 shall be reported to the control officer within the next
normal working day after such examinations.
Section 3123.9 Whenever the records indicate that a violation of
section 3121 has occurred the person responsible for such emission must
furnish evidence that proper action has been taken to prevent recurrence,
or a violation of section 3123 will be deemed to have occurred and
emission will be regulated by section 3122. When instrument records are
not adequate to show compliance with section 3121 the control officer may
specify the schedule to be followed for producing a satisfactory record
history.
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TABLE 1
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SULFUR DIOXIDE
(SOUND-LEVEL LIMITS*
Cone. (c)
Total Cumulative
Daily Exposure
Duration (t) in Hotrfe
Total Cumulative
Monthly Exposure
Duration (t) in Hours
Column 1
1.51
or over
1.5
l.l*
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
O.l*
0.3
0.2
or less
Between
Sunrise
and
Sunset
Column 2
0,05
0,62
0,6?
0.73
0.80
0.89
1.00
l.li*
1.33
1.60
2,00
2.67
i*.00
8.00
No limit
Between Sunrise
and. next
Succeeding
Sunrise
Column 3
0.10
1.21*
1.3^
1.1*5
1.60
1.78
2.00
2.28
2.66
3.20
^. GO
5.3V
8.00
16.00
No limit
During Hours
Between Sunrise
and
Sunset
Column k
1.00
1*,1*0
5.10
5-90
6.90
8.30
10.0
12.1*
15.6
20.1*
27.8
1*0,0
62,5
111.0
No limit
Any Time
During
Month
Column 5
2.00
8.80
10.20
11.80
13.80
16.60
20.00
21*. 80
31.20
1*0.80
55.60
80.00
125.00
222.00
No limit
^Interpolation of Columns 2, 3, V, and 5 shall be based on the formulas:
1.6
10/c , and t «= 20/c2 respectively;
" - e - 0.2, " - c - 072
where c is the concentration of S09 in ppm (volume) and t is the time of SO
exposure in hours, and c can vary
and a minimum of 0.2 ppm (volume).
exposure in hours, and c can vary only between a maximum of 1.5 ppm (volume)
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COUNTY OF SARASOTA, FLORIDA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL RESOLUTION
PROHIBITIONS
(effective December 31, 1939)
Section 8 SPECIFIC CONTAMINANTS
No person shall discharge into the atmosphere any one or more of
the following contaminants, in any state, or combination thereof
exceeding in concentration at the point of discharge:
Sulphur Compounds (calculated as SOg 0.2 percent by volume).
Solid Products of Combustion O.k grains per cubic foot of
gas calculated to 12 percent of carbon dioxide (C0g).
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REGULATIONS
PERTAINING TO
HYDROCARBON-EMISSION CONTROL
-81-
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COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
RULES AND REGULATIONS
REGULATION IV- PROHIBITIONS
(amended June 1, 1965)
RULE 56. (Amended 1-16-58) STORAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS. A
person shall not place, store or hold in any stationary tank, reser-
voir or other container of more than ^0,000 gallons capacity any
gasoline or any petroleum distillate having a vapor pressure of
1.5 pounds per square inch absolute or greater under actual storage
conditions, unless such tank, reservoir or other container is a
pressure tank maintaining working pressures sufficient at all times to
prevent hydrocarbon vapor or gas loss to the atmosphere, or is designed and
equipped with one of the following vapor loss control devices, properly
installed, in good working order and in operation:
a. A floating roof, consisting of a pontoon-type or double-deck
type roof, resting on the surface of the liquid contents and'equipped
with a closure seal, or seals, to close the space between the roof edge
and tank wall. The control equipment provided for in this paragraph
shall not be used if the gasoline or petroleum distillate has a vapor-
pressure of 11.0 pounds per square inch absolute or greater under actual
storage conditions. All tank gauging and sampling devices shall be gas-
tight except when gauging or sampling is taking place.
b. A vapor recovery system, consisting of a vapor-gathering
system capable of collecting the hydrocarbon vapors and gases discharged
and a vapor-disposal system capable of processing such hydrocarbon vapors
and gases so -as- to prevent their emission to the atmosphere and with all
tank gauging and sampling devices gas-tight except when gauging or sampling
is taking place.
c. Other equipment of equal efficiency, provided such equipment
is submitted to and approved by the Air Pollution Control.Officer.
RULE 59. (Amended 1-16-58) OIL EFFLUENT WATER SEPARATOR. A
person shall not use any compartment of any single or multiple oil-
effluent water separator which compartment receives effluent water contain-
ing 200 gallons a day or more of any petroleum product or mixture of
petroleum products from any equipment processing, refining, treating, storing
or handling kerosine or other petroleum product of equal or greater
volatility than kerosine, unless such compartment is equipped with one of
the following vapor loss control devices, properly installed, in good
working order and in operation:
a. A solid cover with all openings sealed and totally enclosing
the liquid contents. All gauging and sampling devices shall be gas-tight except
when gauging or sampling is taking place.
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b. A floating roof, consisting of a pontoon-type or double-deck
type roof, resting on the surface of the liquid contents and equipped
with a closure seal, or seals, to close the space between the roof edge
and container wall. All gauging and sampling devices shall be gas-tight
except when gauging or sampling is taking place.
c. A vapor recovery system, consisting of a vapor gathering
system capable of collecting the hydrocarbon vapors and gases discharged
and a vapor disposal system capable of processing such hydrocarbon vapors
and gases so as to prevent their emission to the atmosphere and with all
tank gauging and sampling devices gas-tight except when gauging or sampling
is taking place.
d. Other equipment of equal efficiency, provided such equipment
is submitted to and approved by the Air Pollution Control Officer.
This rule shall not apply to any oil-effluent water separator used
exclusively in conjunction with the production of crude oil.
For the purpose of this rule, "kerosine" is defined as any petroleum
product which, when distilled by ASTM standard test Method D 86-56, will give
a temperature of ^01° P. or less at the 10 per cent point recovered.
RULE 61. (Amended 3-1^-63) GASOLINE LOADING INTO TANK TRUCKS AND
TRAILERS. A person shall not load gasoline into any. tank truck or trailer
from any loading facility unless such loading facility is equipped with a
vapor collection and disposal system or its equivalent, properly installed,
in good working order and in operation.
When loading is effected through the hatches of a tank truck or trailer
with a loading arm equipped with a vapor-collecting adaptor, a pneumatic,
hydraulic or other mechanical means shall be provided to force a vapor-
tight seal between the adaptor and the hatch. A means shall be provided
to prevent liquid gasoline drainage from the loading device when it is re-
moved from the hatch of any tank truck or trailer, or to accomplish complete
drainage before such-removal.
When loading is effected through means other, than hatches, all loading
and vapor lines shall be equipped with fittings which make vapor-tight
connections and which close automatically when disconnected.
The vapor disposal portion of the system shall consist of one of the
following:
a. A vapor-liquid absorber system with a minimum recovery
efficiency of 90 per cent by weight of all the hydrocarbon vapors and
gases entering such disposal system.
b. A variable vapor space tank, compressor, and fuel gas system
of. sufficient capacity to receive all hydrocarbon vapors and gases
displaced from the tank trucks and trailers being loaded.
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c. (Amended 3-14-63) Other equipment of at least 90 per cent
efficiency, provided such equipment is submitted to and approved by the
Air Pollution Control Officer.
This rule shall not apply to the loading of gasoline into tank trucks and
trailers from any loading facility from which not more than 20,000 gallons
of gasoline are loaded in any one day.
For the purpose of this rule, any petroleum distillate having a Reid vapor
pressure of four pounds or greater shall be included by the term "gasoline."
(Amended 12-4-58) For the purpose of this rule, "loading facility" means
any aggregation or combination of gasoline loading equipment which is
both (l) possessed by one person, and (2) located so that all the gasoline
loading outlets for such aggregation or combination of loading equipment
can be encompassed within any circle of 300 feet in diameter.
RULE 65. (Amended 6-1-65) GASOLINE LOADING INTO TANKS. A
person shall not after January 1, 1965, load or permit the loading of
gasoline into any stationary tank with a capacity of 250 gallons or
more from any tank truck or trailer, except through a permanent submerged
fill pipe, unless such tank is equipped with a vapor loss control device
as described in Rule 56, or is a pressure tank as described in Rule $6.
The provisions of the first paragraph of this rule shall not apply to the
loading of gasoline into any tank having a capacity of less then 2,000
gallons which was installed prior to the date of adoption of this rule
nor to any underground tank installed prior to the date of adoption of
this rule where the fill line between the fill connection and tank Is offset.
Any person operating or using any gasoline tank with a capacity of 250
gallons or more installed prior to the date of adoption of this rule
shall apply for a permit to operate such tank before January 1, 1965.
The provisions of Rule 40 shall not apply during the period between the
date of adoption of this rule and January 1, 19*55, to any gasoline tank
installed prior to the date of adoption of this rule provided an application
for permit to operate is filed before January 1, 1965•
A person shall not install any gasoline tank with a capacity of 250 gallons
or more unless such tank is equipped as described In the first paragraph
of this rule.
For the purpose of this rule, the term "gasoline" is defined as any
petroleum distillate having a Reid vapor pressure of k pounds or greater.
For the purpose of this rule, the term "submerged fill pipe" is defined
as any fill pipe the discharge opening of which is entirely submerged
when the liquid level is 6 inches above the bottom of the tank. "Submerged
fill pipe" when applied to a tank which is loaded from the side is
defined as any fill pipe the discharge opening of which is entirely
submerged when the liquid level is 18 inches above the bottom of the tank.
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(Adopted 6-1-65) The provisions of this rule do not apply to any
stationary tank which is used primarily for the fueling of implements
of husbandry, as such vehicles are defined in Division 16 (Section 36000,
et seq.) of the Vehicle Code.
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COUNT* OF SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
RULES AND REGULATIONS
REGULATION III
(adopted August 5, 1958)
RULE 3:7 STORAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS. A person shall not
place, store or hold in any stationary tank reservoir or other con-
tainer of more than 40,000 gallons capacity any gasoline or any
petroleum distillate having a vapor pressure of 1.5 pounds per square
inch absolute or greater under actual storage conditions, unless such
tank, reservoir or other container is a pressure tank maintaining
working pressures sufficient at all times to prevent hydrocarbon vapor
or gas loss to the atmosphere, or is designed and equipped with one of
the following vapor loss control devices, properly installed, in good
working order and in operation:
(a) A floating roof, consisting of a pontoon-type or double-
deck type roof, resting on the surface of the liquid contents and
equipped with a closure seal, or seals, to close the space between
the roof edge and tank wall. The control equipment provided for in
this paragraph shall not be used If the gasoline or petroleum distillate
has a vapor pressure of 11.0 pounds per square inch absolute or greater
under actual storage conditions. All tank gauging and sampling devices
shall be gas-tight except when gauging or sampling is taking place.
(b) A vapor recovery system, consisting of a vapor gathering
system capable of collecting the hydrocarbon vapors and gases dis-
charged and a vapor disposal system capable of processing such hydrocarbon
vapors and gases so as to prevent their emission to the atmosphere and
with all tank gauging and sampling devices gas-tight except when gauging
or sampling is taking place.
(c) Other equipment of equal efficiency, provided such equipment
is submitted to and approved by the Air Pollution Control Officer.
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SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIFORNIA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
REGULATION 2
(revised 1962)
Division k, Chapter 1
Section Ull3 HYDROCARBONS AND CARBONYLS. No person shall cause, let,
permit, suffer, or allow the emission from any incineration operation
or salvage operation of an exhaust gas containing a concentration of
more than 50 ppm (vol) of total hydrocarbons, or a concentration of
more than 50 ppm (vol) of total carbonyls. For purposes of this section
1*113, the actual measured concentrations of hydrocarbons and carbonyls
in the exhaust gas shall be corrected to concentrations which the same
quantities of hydrocarbons and carbonyls would constitute in the exhaust
gas minus water vapor, corrected to standard conditions, containing 6%
oxygen by volume, and as if no auxiliary fuel had been used. Calculation
of this corrected concentration from the actual measured concentration
shall be as given in Chapter 1, Division 8. For the purposes of this
section U113, total hydrocarbons shall be the sum of the concentrations
in ppm (vol) of the individual concentrations of C? and higher sat-
urated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, as measured by gas chromatography
as described in Chapter U, Division 9- Total carbonyls shall include
aldehydes and ketones determined as described in Chapter 5» Division 9,
and calculated as formaldehyde, each carbonyl group being deemed equiv-
alent to one molecule of formaldehyde. Tests for determining compliance
with this section 4113 shall be for not less than 15 consecutive minutes
or 90% of the time of actual source operation, whichever is less.
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REGULATIONS
PERTAINING TO
FLUORIDE-EKESSION CONTROL
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STATE OF FLORIDA
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
COMMISSION RULES
(revised January 20, 1965)
CHAPTER 28-3
28-3.03 Emission levels. - Gaseous or vater soluble fluorides.
(l) In order to reduce the fluoride concentration in the atmos-
phere of the Polk-Hillsborough Air Pollution Control District, the
maximum quantity of fluorides emitted by any installation or plant shall
be determined on the following basis:
The allowable quantity of fluoride expressed in pounds per day
shall be calculated by multiplying the unit .emission of 0.6 pound fluoride
(as F") per ton of P2^5 or equivalent times the tons of PpO* or equiv-
alent attained in the maximum sustained 24-hour production mentioned in
Section (2) below.
(0.6 pound Fluoride (as F") Production (Tons of PpO,. or equiv.
Ton PpO,. or equivalent per day) = Allowable ^Quantity
' Fluoride (ib./Day).
The above formula shall be used to determine maximum allowable
quantity of fluorides emitted by any installation or plant. The basis
for the above calculations shall be the phosphoric acid reactor section
production. Where calcined or defluorinated phosphate rock is produced,
the calculations for these unit operations .only shall be based on the
PpOc equivalent produced.
(2) Each person shall, within thirty (30) days after the effec-
tive date of these regulations, notify the Board in writing of the
maximum -sustained twenty-four (24) hour production capacity achieved in
his phosphoric acid manufacturing., calcination and/or defluorination
facilities prior to May 1, 1964. The maximum allowable quantity cal-
culated by the formula provided in 28-3.03 (l), supra, shall constitute
the total quantity of gaseous and/or water soluble fluorides which may
be emitted by each installation or plant, except in those cases of
specific trade products commonly known as normal phosphate, superphosphate
or normal superphosphate operation shall not emit gaseous and/or water
soluble fluorides (F~) in excess of thirty (30) pounds per operating day.
(3) Within thirty (30) days after receipt of the maximum
sustained twenty-four (24) hour production capacity information, the Board
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shall notify each person in writing of the maximum allowable total
fluoride emissions that will be permitted such person.
(4) The maximum allowable fluoride emission as assigned above
shall be attained not later than one year by an installation or plant
In existence on the effective date of these rules, after receipt of
assignment from the board.
(5) The Board may require, from time to time, Information
concerning points of emission and quantities of fluorides anticipated
to be released therefrom.
(6) Any material fed to or product made from fluoride-bearing
compounds not Included in these regulations shall be assigned an
emission limit consistent with 28-3.03(1) and 28-3.03(2)(a) and/or
the chemical, physical and environmental conditions prevailing at the
time.
(7) Compliance with the above emission standards shall be
ascertained by means of source sampling; the Board may do ambient air
sampling, filter paper, vegetative, or other recognized methods of
sampling to provide such supplemental information as it may desire to
verify source sampling and/or to determine conditions existing within
the Polk-Hillsborough Air Pollution Control District.
General Authority l«03«09(2)(b) TS Law Implemented 1+03.02(3),
l»03.09(2)(b), 1*03.10(3) FS
History.- Revised 1-20-65
28-ft.oU Construction; alteration; expansion.-
(l) Existleg installations. No person shall materially alter
or add to any existing installation or plant emitting gaseous or water
soluble fluorides unless it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of
the Board that such alterations or additions will not increase the
total fluoride output above the maximum daily emission figure furnished
them by the Board.
(2) New construction. No person shall construct or operate
any installation or plant after the effective date of these rules which,
through its operation, may emit air contaminants, until a maximum allow-
able daily emission level of air contaminants has been assigned and a
permit to construct has been obtained from the Board. The unit emissions,
expressed as pounds of fluoride per ton of Pp05 or equivalent, and which
shall not exceed 0.4 (four-tenths) pounds shall be developed by the
Board, taking into consideration the following:
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(a) The latest advances in the technology of air pollution
control, (b) the lowest value attained by any operating plant manufacturing
similar products, (c) existing levels of air pollution in the district,
and (d) location of installation. For such new installations or plants
the maximum allowable emission shall be calculated by multiplying the
unit emission times the expected production capacity of the installation
or plant as designed.
General Authority l*03.09(2)(b) FS Law Implemented 1*03.02(3),
l»03.09(2)(b), 1*03.10(3) FS
History.-Revised 1-20-65
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REQULATIOHS
PERTAINIHO TO
MOTOR-VrniCLB-HOSSION CONTROL
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STATE OF CALIFORNIA
Title 17. Public Health
Chapter 5. Sanitation (Environmental)
Subchapter 5. Air Sanitation
(adopted October 23, 1964)
Article 2. Standards for Motor Vehicle Emissions
* t \
30520. Exhaust Bnissions. (a) The standards of emissions
of motor vehicle exhaust contaminants are:
Hydrocarbons - 275 parts per million by volume as
hexane (0.165 moke percent carbon atoms.)
Carbon Monoxide -1-5 percent by volume.
However, effective January 1, 1970, the standards of emissions
of motor vehicle exhaust are:
Hydrocarbons - 180 parts per million by volume as hexane
Carbon Monoxide - 1.0 percent by volume.
(b) Exhaust gas concentrations shall be adjusted to a dry exhaust
volume containing 15 percent by volume of carbon dioxide plus carbon
monoxide. However, effective January 1, 1970, the exhaust gas concen-
trations shall be adjusted by the ratio of
15 / [l/2(#30) + #X>2 + 10($Bydrocarbon fl .
(c) Hydrocarbons are defined as the organic constituents of
vehicle exhausts as measured by a hexane-sensitized nondispersive
infrared analyzer or by an equivalent method.
(d) Carbon monoxide shall be measured by a nondispersive infrared
analyzer or by an equivalent method.
(e) The standards refer to a composite sample representing the
driving cycle described as follows:
*
Mandatory control on all nev ears as of January 1, 1966.
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Table I
Condition
Idle
Cruise
20 mph
30 mph
JJo mph
50 mph
Acceleration
0-60 mph —
0-25 mph --
15-30 mph —
Deceleration
50-20 mph
30-15 mph
30- 0 mph
Rate of Speed Change
mph/sec.
3.0
2.2
1.2
1.2
2.5
Percent of
Total Time
15.0
6.9
5.7
2.7
0.7
1.1
10.6
25.0
10.2
11.8
10.3
percent of Total
Sample Volume
U.2
5.0
6.1
4.2
1.5
5.9
18.5
100.0
Some hydrocarbons, for example methane, ethane, propane,
n-butane and acetylene, are not considered sufficiently reactive
to produce photochemical smog effects. The Department is working on
methods which measure the reactive organic compounds in exhaust and
will restate the hydrocarbon standard in terms of reactive hydrocarbons
when methods and data satisfactory to the Department are developed.
If other test cycles are used, they must represent urban driv-
ing and the emissions must be relatable to the composite Pample from
the driving modes described in Table I.
30530. Crankcase Bnissions. (a) The standard for motor
vehicle crankcase emissions is:
Hydrocarbons - 0.1 percent by weight of the supplied fuel.
(b) The standard refers to a composite sample representing the
modes of engine operation described as follows;
Mode of Operation
Idle
30 mph - 16 inch mercury manifold vacuum
30 mph - 10 inch mercury manifold vacuum
30 mph - 2 inch mercury manifold vacuum
Deceleration
-95-
Percent of
Total Time
19
37
11
8
25
-------
30550. Fuel Tank Emissions. The standard for fuel tank emissions
of hydrocarbon is:
Hydrocarbon - 6 grains per day
The standard refers to emissions in a 24-hour day when the mini-
mum temperature is 60° F. and the maximum is 90° F., and when the fuel
tank Is between one-fourth and one-half full, averaging three-eighths
full. The standard was developed from data obtained when fuels averag-
ing a Reid Vapor Pressure of approximately 9 were used, and when hydro-
carbon emissions were collected in condensing traps at dry ice
temperature. Equivalent methods and other conditions may be used if
approved by the Department of Public Health.
30560. Carburetor Hot Soak Emissions. The standard for
carburetor hot soak emissions is:
Hydrocarbon - 2 grams per soak
The standard refers to emissions from the carburetor of an
automotive engine operated to an equilibrium coolant temperature of
180° F. minimum and when the ambient air temperature is from 85 to
95° F. minimum. The soak duration is one hour. The standard was
developed from data obtained when fuels averaging a Reid Vapor Pressure
of approximately 9 were used in the test vehicles, and when hydrocarbon
emissions were collected In condensing traps at dry ice temperature.
Equivalent methods and other conditions may be used if approved by the
Department of Public Health.
(Note: Sections 30550 and 30560 shall become effective January 1, 1970,
at which time the State shall accept control devices for approval
procedures.)
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STATE OF NEW YORK
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
(adopted March 22, 1963)
CRITERIA*
1. The crankcase ventilation system shall prevent the emission to the
atmosphere of at least 80$ of the blowby shown as the 6th population
decile in Table 1.
2. The crankcase ventilation system shall be so designed that it will
have no adverse effect on engine operation or vehicle performance.
3. The crankcase ventilation system shall not cause oil loss from
the cranxcase.
4. The crankcase ventilation system shall operate in a safe manner.
5. The crankcase ventilation system must operate in such a manner
so as not to create excessive heat, noise, or odor.
6. Installation of the crankcase ventilation system shall not con-
tribute to a noxious or toxic effect in the ambient air.
7. The crankcase ventilation system shall be constructed of materials
adequate for preventing corrosion, erosion, fatigue, and wear,
and must be thermally stable under the conditions of use and be
resistant to gasoline, oil, and other materials present in engines
and ambient air (including ozone and oxides of nitrogen) so as
to assure durability.
8. The crankcase ventilation system shall operate efficiently for a
minimum of 12,000 miles with normal maintenance.
* Summarized herein. More extensive material is included in the
full criteria.
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TABLE 1
Engine
Class
a
b
c
d
e
f
Test
Condition
Idle
16"
10"
2"
Idle
16"
10"
2"
Idle
16"
10"
2"
Idle
16"
10"
2"
Idle
16"
10"
2"
Idle
16"
10"
2"
Formula
Air
ACFM @
110° F
30" Hg
10
15
23
••*•
23
37
55
__
30
47
71
w w
36
57
86
„ „
U5
70
104
•• •
53
82
122
Formula Blowby,
ACFMa@
110° F, 30" Hg
(For 6th
population decile)
0.13
0.32
O.U9
0.72
0.27
0.62
0.96
l.M
0.57
1.25
1.93
2.84
0.80
1.89
2.91
U.29
0.65
1.71
2.64
3.88
0.48
1.48
2.30
3-38
3/22/63
* Average CFM
See attached Table 2 for engine class description
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TABLE 2
Class Engine Displacement
a Under 140 cubic inches
b llfO - 200 cubic inches
c 200 - 250 cubic Inches
d 250 - 300 cubic inches
e 300 - 375 cubic inches
t Over 375
g Motor vehicles which, because of
unusual engine design, require
special crankcase emission controls
regardless of engine displacement.
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REGULATIONS
PERTAINING TO
ODOR-EMISSION CONTROL
See "Zoning Ordinance" section of this report
for more effective means of odor control.
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CITY OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
AIR POLLUTION CODE
CHAPTER 17
(amended January 1, 1965)
17-26. It shall be unlawful within the City of Chicago and
within one mile of the corporate limits for any person, owner, agent,
operator, firm or corporation to permit to cause, suffer or allow
the discharge, emission, or release into the atmosphere from any source
whatsoever of such quantities of soot, fly ash, dust, cinders, dirt,
oxides, gases, vapors, odors, toxic or radioactive substances, waste,
particulate, solid, liquid or gaseous matter or any other materials
in such place, manner or concentration as to constitute atmospheric
pollution. (Anend. Coun. J. 7-1-63, P. 579-)
Atmospheric pollution is defined as the discharging from stacks,
chimneys, exhausts, vents, ducts, openings, buildings, structures,
premises, open fires, portable boilers, vehicles, processes or any
source, of any smoke, soot, fly ash, dust, cinders, dirt, noxious or
obnoxious acids, fumes, oxides, gases, vapors, odors, toxic or radio-
active substances, waste, particulate, solid, liquid or gaseous matter,
or any other materials in such place, manner or concentration as to
cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to the public, or to
endanger the health, comfort, repose, safety or welfare of the public,
or in such a manner as to cause or have a natural tendency to cause
injury or damage to business or property.
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CITY OP CLEVELAND, OHIO
AIR POLLUTION COLE
ORDINANCE NO. U28 - A - 62
(effective June 20, 1962)
Section U.0507. NUISANCE—OASES, FUMES AND OTHER POLLUTION.
No owner, occupant or person. In charge, by himself, his agent
or employee, shall cause, suffer or allow the emission of poisonous,
obnoxious, pungent or ill smelling gases, fumes or other air pollutants
from any stack or from any other source in the City of Cleveland so
as to cause a nuisance. Such nuisance may be summarily abated by the
Commissioner of Air and Stream Pollution or his duly authorized
representative. Such abatement shall be In addition to the penalty
hereinafter provided.
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ZONING ORDINANCES
(incorporate both odor and partlculate control)
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COUNTY OF COOK, ILLINOIS
COOK COUNTY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ORDINANCE
Approved and adopted April 30, 1963
6.3-2 SIZE LIMITATIONS
The emission from all sources within any lot area of particulate
matter containing more than 10 per cent by weight of particles having a
diameter larger than W microns is prohibited.
6.3-3 MAXIMUM WEIGHT OF EMISSION
The total emission weight of particulate matter from all fuel-
burning, combustion, or process equipment or devices within the boundaries
of any lot shall not exceed those values given in Table 6. In addition,
the dust loading of gas leaving an air pollution source, when measured
in accordance with the provisions of ASME PTC 27 - Determining Dust
Concentrations in a gas Stream, 1957 edition, shall not exceed 0-35
grains per cubic foot of gas (S.T.P.). For combustion processes this
measurement shall be computed at 50 percent excess air.
TABLE 6.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS BY CONTROL ZONE
ZONE 1
Includes all Residential and Business Districts and the Ml Manufacturing
District^ as established and defined in the Cook County Zoning Ordinance.
SMOKE In Zone 1, the emission of more than 20 smoke units
DENSITY per hour per stack is prohibited, including smoke of
a density in excess of Ringelmann No. 2- However,
once during any six-hour period each stack may emit
up to 35 smoke units - not to exceed Ringelmann No.
2, - when blowing soot or cleaning fires. Only
during fire-cleaning periods, however, shall smoke
of Ringelmann No. 3 be permitted, and then for not
more than four (k) minutes per period.
PARTICULATE The rate of emission of particulate matter from all
MATTER sources within the boundaries of any lot shall riot
exceed a net figure of one pound per acre of lot
area during any one hour, after deducting from the
gross hourly emission per acre the correction factor
set forth in the following table:
*
Ml, M2, M3, and m Manufacturing Districts represent Restricted Manufacturing
District, General Manufacturing District, Heavy Manufacturing District, and
Motor Freight Terminal District, respectively. These classifications zone
the various types of industry into specific land areas.
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Allowance for Height of Emission*
Height of Bnission Correction
Above Grade (FeetA . (Pounds Per Hour Per Acre)
50 0.01
100 0.06
150 o.io
200 0.16
300 0.30
too 0.50
* Interpolate for intermediate values not shovn in table.
ZONE 2
Includes the M2 and Mb Manufacturing Districts, as established and defined
in the Cook County Zoning Ordinance.
SMOKE In Zone 2, the emission of more than 50 smoke units
DENSITY per hour per stack is prohibited, including smoke of
a density in excess of Ringelmann No. 2- However,
once during any three-hour period each stack may
emit up to 62 smoke units - not to exceed Ringelmann
No. 2 - for bloving soot and for cleaning fires-
Only during fire-cleaning periods, however, shall
smoke of a density of Ringelmann No. 3 be permitted,
and then for not more than four (U) minutes per
period.
PARTICULATE The rate of emission of particulate matter from all
MATTER sources within the boundaries of any lot shall not
exceed a net figure of three (3) pounds per acre of
lot area during any one hour, after deducting from
the gross hourly emission per acre the correction
factor set forth in the following table:
Allowance for Height of Emission*
Height of Qnission Correction
Above Grade (Feet) (Pounds _Per Hour Per Acre)
50 0
100 0.5
150 0.8
200 1.2
300 2.0
kOO k.O
* Interpolate for intermediate values not shown in table-
-------
ZONE 3
Includes the M3 Manufacturing District as established and defined in the
Cook County Zoning Ordinance.
SMOKE In Zone 3> the emission of more than j6 smoke units
DENSITY per hour per stack is prohibited, including smoke of
an intensity greater than Ringlemann No. 2- How-
ever, once during any tvo-hour period each stack may
emit up to 92 smoke units - not to exceed Ringelmann
No. 2 - for bloving soot and for cleaning fires.
Only during fire-cleaning periods, however, shall
smoke of a density of Ringelmann No. 3 be permitted,
and then for not more than six(6) minutes per period.
PARTICULATE The rate of emission of particulate matter from all
MATTER sources within the boundaries of any lot shall not
exceed a net figure of eight (8) pounds per acre
during any one hour, after deducting from the gross
hourly emission per acre the correction factor set
forth in the following table:
Allowance^ for Height of Eknission*
Height of Emission Correction
Above Grade (Feet) (Pounds Per Hour Per Acre)
50 0
100 0.5
150 1.5
200 2.4
300 k.O
1*00 8.0
* Interpolate for intermediate values not shown in table.
ARTICLE VIII NOXIOUS AND ODOROUS MATTER
8.1 GENERAL
The emission of noxious and odorous matter in such manner or quantity
as to be detrimental to or endanger the public health, comfort, or welfare
is prohibited.
8.2 ODOR-PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
8.2-1 In addition to the requirements of Section 8.1, odorous matter
shall meet the requirements of Table 8, below.
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TABLE 8.
EMISSION OF ODOROUS MATTER
By Control Zone
ZONE 1
Includes all Business Districts and the Ml Manufacturing District,
as established and defined in the Cook County Zoning Ordinance.
The emission of matter in such quantities as to be readily
detectible as odorous matter at any point along lot lines is
prohibited.
ZONE 2
Includes the M2 and MU Manufacturing Districts, as established
and defined in the Cook County Zoning Ordinance.
The emission of matter in such quantities as to be readily
detectable as odorous matter at any point along district boundary
lines vhen diluted in ratio of one volume of odorous air to four
volumes of clean air is prohibited.
ZONE 3
Includes the M3 Manufacturing District, as established and
defined in the Cook County Zoning Ordinance.
The emission of matter In such quantities as to be readily
detectible as odorous matter at any point along district boundary
lines when diluted In ratio of one volume of odorous air to
twenty (20) volumes of clean air is prohibited.
8.2-2 The odor of growing trees, shrubs, plants, flowers, grass,
and cut grass left in place shall not be considered odorous within the
meaning of this ordinance.
8.2-3 Odors, smoke, and fumes incidental to domestic gardening,
such as fertilizers and insecticides (but not compost piles) shall not
be considered odorous or noxious within the meaning of this ordinance.
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COUNTY Of DUPAGfc, ILLINOIS
1957 ZONING ORDINANCE
E. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS - SMOKE AND PARTICULATE MATTER
*
Any use established in a Manufacturing District shall be so
operated as to comply with the performance standards governing smoke
and particu.late matter set forth hereinafter for the district in which
such use shh.ll be located. No use already established on the effective
date of this ordinance shall be so altered or modified as to conflict with, or
further conflict with, the performance standards governing smoke and
particulate matter established hereinafter for the district in which such
use is located.
In addition to the performance standards specified hereinafter,
the emission of smoke or particulate matter in such manner or quantity
as to endanger or to be detrimental to the public health, safety, com-
fort, or welfare is hereby declared to be a public nuisance and shall
henceforth be unlawful.
For the purpose of grading the density of smoke the Ringelmann
Chart published and used by the United States Bureau of Mines shall be
employed. The emission of smoke or particulate matter of a density
greater than No. 2 on the Ringelmann Chart is prohibited at all times
except as otherwise provided hereinafter.
The emission, from all sources within any lot area, of particulate
matter containing more than ten percent by weight of particles having a
particle diameter larger than kk microns is prohibited.
Dust and other types of air pollution, borne by the wind from
such sources as storage areas, yards, roads and the like within lot
boundaries, shall be kept to a minimum by appropriate landscaping,
paving, oiling, fencing, or acceptable means. Emission of particulate
matter from such sources in excess of the weight limitations specified
hereinafter is prohibited.
1. Smoke - ML District.
«*
a. The emission of more than ten smoke units per hour per
stack is prohibited, including smoke of a density in excess
of Ringelmann No. 2. However, during one one-hour period in
each 24-hour day, each stack may emit up to 20 smoke units
when blowing soot or cleaning fires. Only during fire-
cleaning periods, however, shall smoke of Ringelmann No. 3
be permitted, and then for not more than four minutes.
*
**
Ml and M2 Manufacturing District represent two zones of
different restrictions, whereby any industry may be placed
in either district, providing that it can meet the zone
restrictions, as listed below.
See Definition Section at the beginning of this report.
-no-
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b. The rate of emission of particuiate matter from all
sources within the boundaries of any lot shall not exceed
a net figure of one pound per acre of lot area during any
one hour, after deducting from the gross hourly emission
per acre the correction factors set forth in Tables 2, 3>
and k, below, for height, velocity and temperature of
emission, respectively. Determination of the total net
rate of emission of particulate matter within the boundaries
of any lot shall be made as follows:
(l) Determine the maximum emission in pounds per hour
from each source of emission and divide this figure by
the number of acres of lot area - thereby obtaining the
gross hourly rate of emission in pounds per acre.
iS.
From each gross hourly rate of emission derived in
above, deduct the appropriate correction factor
[interpolating as required) for height, velocity, and
temperature of emission set forth in Tables 2, 3» and ^,
thereby obtaining the net rate of emission in pounds per
acre per hour from each source of emission.
(3) Add together the individual net rates of emission
derived in (2) above, to obtain the total net rate of
emission from all sources of emission within the boundaries
of the lot. Such total shall not exceed one pound per
acre of lot area during any one hour.
TABIE 2
ALLOWANCE FOR HEIGHT OF EMISSION*
Correction
Height of Emission (Pounds per
Above Grade (Feet) Hour per Acre)
50 0.01
100 0.06
150 o.io
200 0.16
300 0.30
Uoo 0.50
* Interpolate for intermediate values
not shown in table.
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TABLE 3
ALLOWANCE FOR VELOCITY OF EMISSION*
Correction
Exit Velocity (Founds per
(Feet per Second) Hour per Acre)
0 0
20 0.03
kO 0.09
60 0.16
80 0.21*
loo 0.50
* Interpolate for intermediate values
not shown in table.
TABLE k
ALLOWANCE FOR TEMPERATURE OF EMISSION*
Temperature of Correction
Emission (Founds per
(Degrees Fahrenheit) Hour per Acre)
200 0
300 0.001
kOO 0.002
500 0.003
1,000 0.01
1,500 o.o^
2,000 0.10
* Interpolate for intermediate values
not shown in table.
Smoke - M2 District.
a. The emission of more than 20 smoke units per hour per
stack is prohibited, including smoke of a density in excess
of RingeJunann No. 2. Hovever, during four one-hour periods
in each 2U-hour day each stack may emit up to 30 smoke units,
twice for blowing soot and twice for cleaning fires. During
fire-cleaning periods only, smoke of a density of Ringelmann
No. 3 shall be permitted and then not for more than four
minutes per period.
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b. The rate of emission of particulate matter from all
sources within the boundaries of any lot shall not exceed
a net figure of three pounds per acre of lot area during
any one hour, after deducting from the gross hourly emission
per acre the correction factors set forth in Tables 5> 6, and
7, below, for height, velocity, and temperature of emission
respectively. Determination of the total net rate of emission
of particulate matter within the boundaries of any lot shall
be made as follows:
(l) Determine the maximum emission in pounds per hour
from each source of emission and divide this figure by
the number of acres of lot area - thereby obtaining the
rose hourly rate of emission in pounds per acre.
(2) Prom each gross hourly rate of emission derived in
(l) above, deduct the appropriate correction factor
(interpolating when necessary) for height, velocity, and
temperature of emission set forth in Tables 5, 6, and 7,
which follow, thereby obtaining the net rate of emission
in pounds per acre per hour from each source of emission.
(3) Add together the individual net rates of emission
derived in (2) above, to obtain the total net rate of
emission within the boundaries of the lot. Such total
shall not exceed three pounds per acre during any one
hour.
TABLE 5
ALLOWANCE FOR HEIGHT OF EMISSION*
Correction
Height of Emission (Pounds per
Above Grade (Feet) Hour per Acre)
50 o
100 0-5
150 0.8
200 1.2
300 2-0
400 k.O
* Interpolate for intermediate values
not shown in table.
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TABLE 6
ALLOWANCE FOR VELOCITY OF EMISSION*
Correction
Exit velocity (Pounds per
(Feet per Second) Hour per Acre)
0 0
20 0.3
1»0 0.8
60 1.2
80 1.6
100 2.k
* Interpolate for intermediate values
not shown in table-
TABLE 7
ALLOWANCE FOR TEMPERATURE OF EMISSION*
Temperature of Correction
Emission (Pounds per
(Degrees Fahrenheit) Hour per Acre)
100 0
200 0
300 0.005
kOO 0.01
500 0.02
1,000 0.10
1,500 0.30
2,000 1.0
* Interpolate for intermediate values
not shown in table.
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G. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS - ODORS
Any use established in a Manufacturing District shall be so
operated as to comply with the performance standards governing odorous
materials, set forth hereinafter for the district in which such use
shall be located. No use already established on the effective date of
this ordinance shall be so altered or modified as to conflict with, or
further conflict with, the performance standards governing odorous
materials established hereinafter for the district in which such use is
located.
1. Odors - Ml District. The emission of odorous matter in such
quantities as to be readily detectable at any point along lot lines or
as to produce a public nuisance or hazard beyond lot lines is prohibited.
2. Odors _- M2 District. The emission, of odorous matter in such
quantities as to be readily detectable at any point along lot lines
when diluted in the ratio of one volume of odorous air to four or more
volumes of clean air, or as to produce a public nuisance or hazard
beyond lot lines in prohibited.
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COUNTY OP PORTER, INDIANA
1959 ZONING ORDINANCE
Ordinance No. 1959-1
SECTION 17
A. A Light Industrial Use IB one which creates a minimum amount of
nuisance outside the plant; is conducted entirely within enclosed buildings,
does not use the open area around such buildings for storage of raw
materials or manufactured products or for any other industrial purpose
other than transporting goods between buildings; provides for enclosed
loading and unloading facilities; and such use conforms to the following
performance standards.
1. Smoke - The emission of more than ten (10) smoke units per
hour per stack and emissions in excess of Ringelmann No. 2 are prohibited.
However, once during any 24 hour period for soot blowing, process purging
and fire cleaning, each stack shall be permitted an additional ten (10)
ouoke units, during which time smoke up to and including Ringelmann No.3
is permitted.
2. Particulate Matter - The rate of emission of particulate
matter from all sources within the boundaries of any lot shall not
exceed a net figure of one pound per hour per acre, of which no more
than ten percent (10$) by weight of particles larger than kk microns
(325 mesh; shall be allowed. Determination of the total net rate of
emission shall be made as follows:
a. Determine the maximum emission in pounds per hour from
each source of emission and divide this figure by the number
of acres of lot area - thus obtaining a gross hourly emission
rate per acre.
b. Deduct from the gross rate derived above, the appropriate
correction factors for height of stack and stack velocity as
listed in Tables I and II, thus obtaining the net rate of
emission in pounds per hour per acre of each source.
c. Add together the individual rates of emission derived
above of each source to obtain the total net rate of emission
from all sources within the boundaries of the lot. Dust and
other types of air pollution, borne by the wind from such
sources as storage areas, yards, roads and the like within
lot boundaries, shall be kept to a minimum by appropriate
landscaping, paving, oiling, fencing, or other acceptable
means >
3- Odor - No activity or operation shall permit odors to be
released which shall be detectable at the lot line.
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TABLE I
ALLOWANCE FOR HEIGHT OF EMISSION*
Correction
Height of Emission (Pounds per
Above Grade (Feet) Hour per Acre)
50 0.01
100 0.06
150 o.io
200 0.16
300 0.30
kOO and above 0-50
* Interpolate for intermediate values.
TABLE II
ALLOWANCE FOR VELOCITY OF EMISSION*
Correction
Exit Velocity Up (Pounds per
CFeet per Second) Hour per Acre)
0 0
20 0.03
ko 0.09
60 o.l6
80 O.sk
100 and above 0.50
* Interpolate for intermediate values.
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4. Toxic and noxious materials - The emission of toxic and
noxious materials shall not exceed the quantities determined by the
following formula:
p
Q = 36 Cx where
Q is the maximum permitted quantity of toxic material emitted
in the four hour period having the greatest average concen-
tration (cubic feet); C is the threshold limit value for
toxic materials in industry (parts per million by volume)
as set forth in "Threshold Limit Values for Toxic Materials
in Industry", 1955, issued by the Indiana State Board of
Health, Division of Industrial Hygiene;
x is the nearest distance in thousands of feet of the stack,
vent, flue or other discharge point to a Residence or
Business District boundary line ( ft. ).
1000
When C is given as milligrams per cubic meter, multiply
this figure by O.o6l, place it in the above formula and
obtain Q in pounds permitted in four hours. If the
material is emitted from open piles, ponds, tanks, areas,
etc . the maximum permitted concentration measured at a
Residence District boundary line shall be 10 per cent of
the threshold limit value C.
5- Glare and Heat - Does not pertain to this report.
6. Vibration - Does not pertain to this report.
7- Noise - Does not pertain to this report.
8. Fire Hazards - Does not pertain to this report.
B. A General Industrial Use is one which requires both buildings and open
area for manufacturing., fabricating, processing, extraction, heavy repair-
ing, dismantling, storage or disposal of equipment, raw materials,
manufactured products or wastes, and land and/or buildings in this District
shall be used so as to comply to the following performance standards.
1. Stroke - 3he emission of more than thirty (30) smoke units per
hour per stack and emissions in excess of Ringelmann No. 2 are prohibited.
However, once during any six hour period, for soot blowing, process
purging and fire cleaning, each stack shall be permitted an additional
ten (10) smoke units, daring which time smoke up to and including
Ringelmann No. 3 is permitted.
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2. Articulate Matter - The rate of emission of particulate
natter from all sources within the boundaries of any lot shall not
exceed a net figure of three pounds per hour per acre, of vhich no
more than ten per cent (105&) by weight of particles larger than Mf
microns (325 Mesh) shall be allowed. Determination of the total
net rate of emission shall be made as follows:
a. Determine the maximum emission in pounds per hour from
each source of emission and divide this figure by the
number of acres of lot area - thus obtaining a gross hourly
emission rate per acre.
b. Deduct from the gross rate derived above, the appro-
priate correction factors for height of stack and stack
velocity as listed in Tables IV and V, thus obtaining the
net rate of emission in pounds per hour per acre of each
source.
c. Aid together the individual rates of emission derived
above of each source to obtain the total net rate of emission
from all sources within the boundaries of the lot. Dust
and other types of air pollution, borne by the wind from
each sources as storage areas, yards, roads and the like
within lot boundaries, shall be kept to a minimum by
appropriate landscaping, paving, oiling, fencing or other
acceptable means. Emission of particulate matter from
such sources in excess of the weight limitations specified
herein is prohibited.
3. Odor - No activity or operation shall permit odors to be
released which shall be detectable at any Residence District boundary
line. In addition, such odor, when measured at the lot line, shall
be rendered undetectable by mixing one volume of the odorous air with
four volumes of clean air.
U. Toxic and noxious materials - The emission of toxic and
noxious materials shall not exceed the quantities determined by the
following formula:
Q = 90 Cx2 where
Q is the maximum permitted quantity of toxic material
emitted in the four hour period having the greatest
average concentration (cubic feet).
C is the threshold limit value for toxic materials in
industry (parts per million by volume) as set forth in
"Threshold Limit Values for Toxic Materials in Industry",
1955, issued by the Indiana State Board of Health, Division
of Industrial Hygiene.
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TABLE IV
ALLOWANCE FOR HEIGHT OF EMISSION*
Correction
Height of Emission (Founds per
Above Grade (Feet) Hour per Acre)
50 0.02
100 0.12
150 0.20
200 0.32
300 0.60
400 1.00
500 and above 1.50
* Interpolate for intermediate values.
TABLE V
ALLOWANCE FOR VELOCITY OF EMISSION*
Correction
Exit Velocity Up (Pounds per
(Feet per Second) Hour per Acre)
0 0
20 0.06
40 0.18
60 0.32
80 0.48
100 and above 1.00
* Interpolate for intermediate values.
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x is the nearest distance in thousands of feet of the
stack, vent, flue or other discharge point to a Resi-
dential or Business Distric boundary line (ft. ).
1000
When C is given as milligrams per cubic meter, multiply
this figure by 0.061, place it in the above formula and
obtain Q in pounds permitted in four hours. If the material
is emitted from open piles, ponds, tanks, areas, etc. the
maximum permitted concentration measured at a Residence
District boundary line shall be 25 per cent of the threshold
limit value C.
5.. Glare and Heat - Does not pertain to this report.
6. Vibration - Does not pertain to this report.
7. Noise - Does not pertain to this report.
8. Fire Hazard - Does not pertain to this report.
9. Water Pollution - Does not pertain to this report.
C. A Heavy Industrial Use is one which requires both buildings and open
area for manufacturing, fabricating, processing, extraction, heavy
repairing, dismantling, storage or disposal of equipment, raw materials,
manufactured products or wastes and one which will comply with the
following performance standards.
1. Smoke - The average emission of more than ninety (90) smoke
units per hour per stack, for all smoke stacks on the lot, and emission
of smoke in excess of Ringelmann No. 3 are prohibited. However, this
restriction shall not apply to fire building, soot blowing, process
purging and fire cleaning which will be permitted once during any two
hour period, except that where there are more than ten (10) smoke
stacks on a lot, this provision will apply to not more than twenty (20)
per cent of such stacks at any one time.
2. Earticulflte Matter - The rate of emission of particulate
matter from all sources within the boundaries of any, lot shall not
exceed a net figure of six (6) pounds per hour per acre, of which no
more than sixty (60) per cent by weight of particles larger than 44
microns (325 mesh) shall be allowed. Determination of the total net
rate of emission shall be made as follows:
a. Determine the emission in pounds per hour from each
source of emission and divide this figure by the number
of acres of lot area - thus obtaining a gross hourly emission
rate per acre.
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b. Deduct from the gross rate derived above, the appro-
priate correction factors for height of stack and stack
velocity as listed in Tables VII and VIII, thus obtaining
the net rate of emission in pounds per hour per acre of
each source.
c. Add together the individual rates of emission derived
above of each source to ottain the total net rate of emission
from all sources within the boundaries of the lot. Dust
and other types of air pollution, borne by wind from such
sources as storage areas, yards, roads and the like within
lot boundaries, shall be kept to a minimum by appropriate
landscaping, paving, .oiling, fencing or other acceptable
means. Emission of particulate matter from such sources
in excess of the weight limitations specified herein is
prohibited.
3- Odor - No activity or operation shall permit odors to be
released which shall create a nuisance at a Residence District boundary.
U. Toxic and noxious material - The emission of toxic and
noxious materials shall not produce concentrations exceeding 30$ of
the threshold limit value for toxic materials in industry (parts per
million by volume) as set forth in "Threshold Limit Values for Toxic
Materials in Industry", 1955 > issued by the Indiana State Board of
Health, Division of Industrial Hygiene, at a Residence or Business
District boundary.
5- Glare and Heat - Does not pertain to this report.
6. Noise - Does not pertain to this report.
7- Fire Hazards - Does not pertain to this report.
8. Vfater Pollution - Does not pertain to this report
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