GCA-TR-71-5-G
STATEWIDE EMISSION INVENTORY
of
SOUTH DAKOTA
by
Raymond D. Fox
Steven H. Chansky
Prepared by
GCA CORPORATION
GCA TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
Contract No. 68-02-0041
August 1971
Prepared for
OFFICE OF AIR PROGRAMS
-------
GCA-TR-71-5-G
Prepared by
GCA CORPORATION
GCA TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Bedford, Massachusetts
Contract No. 68-02-0041
August 1971
Prepared for
OFFICE OF AIR PROGRAMS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
STATEWIDE EMISSION INVENTORY
OF
SOUTH DAKOTA
by
Raymond D. Fox
-------
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
GCA was assisted by many individuals during the course of this pro-
gram, and it is not possible in the limited space available to mention
them all by name. Nevertheless, we wish to express our extreme gratitude
to all these people involved with this effort.
Special thanks are due to Donald Kurvink, Chief of the Environmental
Sciences Services Program, and Lyle Randen, both members of the South
Dakota Health Department, Division of Sanitary Engineering and Environ-
mental Protection. Dale Wells, Technical Advisor - Region VIII, of the
Office of Air Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, should also be
thanked for his considerable effort.
Finally, the authors would be overly remiss if they failed to thank
the industries and institutions of South Dakota for their cooperation in
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Title
I INTRODUCTION 1
A. BACKGROUND OF PROGRAM 1
B. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM 1
C. USE OF THE INVENTORY 4
II SUMMARY 5
III AREA DESCRIPTION 13
IV METHODOLOGY 14
A. DEFINITION OF POINT AND AREA SOURCES 14
1. Point Sources 14
2. Area Sources 14
B. POINT SOURCES 16
1. Data Collection 16
2. Data Analysis 18
C. AREA SOURCES 21
1. Area Source References 21
2. Data Analysis 21
V COMPUTER PRINTOUT 31
A. POINT SOURCE PRINTOUT 31
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
l-- •nm .-—— i iB^_
1 FEDERAL AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGIONS 2
2 EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY FOR THE STATE OF 7
SOUTH DAKOTA - REGION 086
3 EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY FOR THE STATE OF 8
SOUTH DAKOTA - REGION 087
4 EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY FOR THE STATE OF 9
SOUTH DAKOTA - REGION 205
5 EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY FOR THE STATE OF 10
SOUTH DAKOTA - REGION 206
6 EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY FOR THE STATE OF 11
SOUTH DAKOTA - SIOUX FALLS
7 EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY FOR THE STATE OF 12
SOUTH DAKOTA - RAPID CITY
8 LIST OF POINT SOURCE REFERENCES FOR SOUTH DAKOTA 17
9 SUMMARY OF RESPONSE TO POINT SOURCE QUESTION- 19
NAIRES
10 LISTING OF AREA SOURCE REFERENCES FOR SOUTH 22
DAKOTA
11 AREA SOURCE CATEGORY VS. FUEL TYPE CONSUMED 25
12 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION (SIC) NUMBERS 32
AND ASSOCIATED PROCESS CODES
13 JURISDICTIONS INCLUDED WITHIN AIR QUALITY CONTROL 35
REGIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA
14 POLLUTION REDUCTION DEVICES OR METHODS 38
15 AREA SOURCE EMISSION FACTORS 40
16 ADDITIONAL EMISSIONS 42
17 UNITS FOR FACTORS UTILIZED TO APPORTION AREA
SOURCE EMISSIONS BY COUNTY
A COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT LANDING-TAKE-OFF CYCLES IN
SOUTH DAKOTA (1970)
-------
I. INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND OF PROGRAM
A primary purpose of the Federal Air Quality Act of 1967 was to
provide for planning and control programs on a regional basis. More recently,
the Environmental Protection Agency has required the preparation, adoption
and submittal of implementation plans for meeting national ambient air
standards by each of the states.
An important first step in implementation planning is the carrying
out of an emissions inventory to determine the principal pollution sources
in the state. This report presents the results of an emissions in-
ventory for the state of South Dakota.
B. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM
The study program is concerned directly with establishing annual
emission levels for the following five pollutants:
ParticulateSj,
Sulfur Dioxide,
Carbon Monoxide,
Hydrocarbons,
and
Nitrogen Oxides
The annual emission levels for each of these pollutants are estab-
lished for each of the 67 counties in South Dakota as well as for the two
principal cities, Sioux Falls and Rapid City. In addition, totals for these
pollutants are presented for the four Federal Air Quality Control Regions
in South Dakota. Table 1 presents a listing of these regions together with
the respective counties comprising them. Figure 1 presents a map of South
Dakota, showing their geographic locations.
For each geographic area discussed above (region, county, city) the
emission levels for each of the 5 pollutants are presented by source cate-
gory. These categories are:
• Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources - These include power plants
as well as industrial, institutional, commercial, and residential
-------
TABLE 1
FEDERAL AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGIONS
Region No. Counties Comprising Region
086 Union
087 Lincoln
McCook
Minnehaha
Turner
205 Butte
Custer
Fall River
Lawrence
Meade
Pennington
-------
u>
I
• •••IB ••••••••••
SON | CAMF
Rapid City o PENNiNGTON
r
FALL PiVER
f
II
••••••• «"L •••»• B-L I..H 1« •GRa
BLACK HILLS -RAPID CITY
INTRASTATE AIR QUALITY
CONTROL REGION
REGION 205
T
METROPOLITAN
SIOUX FALLS
INTERSTATE AIR
QUALITY CONTROL
REGION 087
SOUTH DAKOTA INTRASTATE AIR QUALITY
CONTROL REGION (remaining area)
REGION 206
Figure 1 . Boundaries of Air Quality Control Regions.
METROPOLITAN SIOUX CITY
INTERSTATE AIR QUALITY CONTROL
REGION (IOWA-NEB.-S.D.)
-------
• Transportation Sources - These include both gasoline and diesel-
powered motor vehicles, aircraft and railroads. In addition,
tractors, the major off-highway consumer of both distillate
fuel oil and gasoline are classified in this source category.
Also included are evaporative losses from gasoline marketing.
. Solid Waste Disposal - Municipal and private dumps which prac-
tice open burning, together with residential, commercial, in-
stitutional and industrial incineration and open burning com-
prise this source category. There are no municipal incinerators
in South Dakota.
. Process Losses - These include stone crushing and processing,
various minerals industries, asphalt and concrete batch plants,
meat packing and over 400 grain elevators spread throughout the
state. Also included are evaporative losses at petroleum bulk
storage terminals, solvent evaporation from paints and varnishes,
and solvent evaporation from dry cleaning.
C. USE OF THE INVENTORY
The data presented in this survey are not to be interpreted as
absolute values. The pollutant emissions obtained should be considered as
estimates to be used in defining the extent and distribution of air pollu-
tant emissions in South Dakota. The data are accurate enough to be used in
conjunction with ambient air quality measurements in the preparation of
-------
II. SUMMARY
Tables 2 through 7 summarize the results of the emissions inventory
program for South Dakota. Emissions from all pollutant source categories
are presented and totalled for each of the Air Quality Control Regions as
well as for the two principal urban centers; Sioux Falls and Rapid City.
Examination of these tables indicates that the primary source of
particulate emissions is process losses from industrial point sources
(II-B in Tables 2 through 7). These include mining and stone quarrying;
cement and asphalt batch plants; and terminal and country grain elevators.
These emissions, together with particulate emissions from grain elevators
not responding to the questionnaires (classified in these tables under
miscellaneous area sources) constitute well over 50% of the total par-
ticulate emissions in each of the four Air Quality Control Regions as
well as Rapid City. The largest urban center, Sioux Falls., does not in-
clude many of these industries within its city limits and so particulate
emissions are more evenly balanced between process losses, stationary
fuel combustion and transportation.
As seen from Tables 2 through 7, sulfur dioxide emissions are pro-
duced from a wide variety of source categories. Coal combustion is the primary
source, accounting for 32% of the SO. emissions in the state, yet it is
utilized by only 7 steam-electric power plants and a few industrial and
institutional establishments. The distillate oil used for residential
heating in the state accounts for about 23% of the total SO^ emissions.
The remaining emissions of SO,, are evenly distributed between commercial-
institutional-industrial fuel oil (21%) and transportation sources (21%).
SO- emissions from solid waste disposal are minimal, accounting for ap-
proximately 3% of the state total.
The primary sources of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons and
oxides of nitrogen (NO ) emissions are gasoline powered motor vehicles
X.
and off-highway gasoline primarily utilized as a fuel for farm tractors.
-------
dry cleaning establishments, and solvent evaporation from surface coat-
ings, also significantly contribute to hydrocarbon emissions in South
Dakota. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions from solid waste
disposal may also be significant, accounting for 10% of their respective
total emissions in Region 205, but significantly less ({,57o)in the other
-------
TABLE 2
EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY FOR THE STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION 086
DATA REPRESENTATIVE OF CALENDAR YEAR 1970
TOMS or POLLUTANT /YEAR""
Partlculat« S02 CO
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
FUEL COMBUSTION
A. RESIDENTIAL FUEL-AREA SOURCE
I. (ANTHRACITE) COAL
2. DISTILLATE OIL
3. NATURAL GAS
*. WOOD
5. LPC
6. TOTAL
B. COMM-INSTL 6, IND
la. (BITUMINOUS) COAL- AREA SOURCE
b. (BITUMINOUS) COAL-POINT
SOURCE
2. COKE-POINT SOURCE
3a. DISTILLATE OIL-AREA SOURCE
b. DISTILLATE OIL-POINT SOURCE
4a. RESIDUAL OIL-AREA SOURCE
b. RESIDUAL OIL-POINT SOURCE
5«. NATURAL GAS -AREA SOURCE
b. NATURAL GAS-POINT SOURCE
6. PROCESS GAS-POINT SOURCE
7a. WOOD-AREA SOURCE
b. WOOD-POINT SOURCE
8. LPC-AREA SOURCE
». TOTAL
C. STEAM-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
1. ANTHRACITE COAL
2. BITUMINOUS COAL
3. DISTILLATE OIL
4. RESIDUAL OIL
5. NATURAL GAS
6. TOTAL
D. TOTAL FUEL COMBUSTION
PROCESS LOSSES
A. AREA SOURCES
B. rOIMT SOURCES
SOLD WASTE DISPOSAL
A. INCINERATION
la. ON SITE-AREA SOURCE
b. ON SITE-POINT SOURCE
2. MUNICIPAL ETC.- POUR
SOURCE
B. OPEN BURNING
la. ON SITE -AREA SOURCE
b. ON SITE-POINT SOURCE
Ja. DIMM - ARIA SOURCE
b. DUMPS - POINT SOURCE
C. CONICAL BURNERS - POINT SOURCE
D. TOTAL SOLID HASTE DISPOSAL
TRANSPORTATION-ARE* SOURCE
A 1. MOTOR VEHICLES-GASOLINE
2. MOTOR VEHICLES-DIESEL
B. OFF-HIGH FUEL USAGE
1 . DIESEL
2. GASOLINE
C. AIRCRAFT
D. RAILROADS
t GASOLINE HANDLING EVAP. LOSSES
P. TOTAL TRANSPORTATION
MISCELLANEOUS-AREA SOURCES
A. AGRICULTURAL BURNING
B. GRAIN ELEVATORS
. GRAND TOTAL
A. ARIA SOURCE
B. POINT IOURCE
C. TOTAL
0
4
2
0
3
9
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
I
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
331
11
0
0
49
0
0
26
0
86
•
39
13
4
6
0
3
0
65
0
102
245
357
602
0
47
0
0
0
47
0
0
0
47
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
47
0
0
0
0
0
0
94
0
0
2
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
6
23
23
8
4
0
8
0
66
0
0
165
1
166
0
2
2
0
3
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
15
0
0
261
0
0
133
0
409
9,170
165
56
2,500
0
9
0
11,900
0
0
12,185
133
12,318
HC
0
I
1
0
1
3
0
0
0
i
0
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
160
0
5
0
0
92
0
0
45
0
142
1,372
33
11
333
0
6
llo
1,865
0
0
2,126
45
2,171
ac
10^ Quantity
0
5 868
9 242
• o
10
24
0
0
0
26 876
0
0
0
5 354
0
0
0
0
3'
34
0
0
0
0
0
0
58
0
0
5 3,086
0
0
IB 6,136
0
0
10 3,110
0
33 12,332
1,295 1,915
173 1,015
59 345
177 1,515
0
9 250
0
1,713
0
0
1,794
10
1,804
E
OBltS
103 gal/yr
106 cu ft/yr
103 gal/yr
106 cu ft/yr
tons/yr
tons/yr
tons/yr
tons/yr
3
10 V-M/yr
103 gal/yr
103 gal/yr
103 gal/yr
103 gal/yr
-------
TABLE 3
EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY FOR THE STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION 087
DATA REPRESENTATIVE OF CALENDAR YEAR 1970
TONS OP POLLUTANT /YIAB
P«rticul«t« SOj CO
I
II
III.
IV
V
VI
. TOIL COMBUSTION
A. RESIDENTIAL FUEL-AREA SOURCE
I. (ANTHRACITE) COAL
2. DISTILLATE OIL
3. NATURAL GAS
4. WOOD
5. LPC
6. TOTAL
B. COMM-INSTL & IND
1«. (BITUMINOUS) COAL-AREA SOURCE
b. (BITUMINOUS) COAL-POINT
SOURCE
2. COKE-POINT SOURCE
3«. DISTILLATE OIL-AREA SOURCE
b. DISTILLATE OIL-POINT SOURCE
4«. RESIDUAL OIL-AREA SOURCE
b. RESIDUAL OIL-POINT SOURCE
5«. NATURAL GAS-AREA SOURCE
b. NATURAL GAS-POINT SOURCE
6. PROCESS GAS-POINT SOURCE
7«. WOOD-AREA SOURCE
b. WOOD-POINT SOURCE
8. LPG-ARKA SOURCE
9. TOTAL
C. STEAM-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
1. ANTHRACITE COAL
2. BITUMINOUS COAL
3. DISTILLATE OIL
4. RESIDUAL OIL
5. NATURAL GAS
6. TOTAL
D. TOTAL FUEL COMBUSTION
. PROCESS LOSSES
A. AREA SOURCES
B. MINT SOURCES
SOLO) WASTE DISPOSAL
A. INCINERATION
U. ON SITE-AREA SOURCE
b. ON SITE-POINT SOURCE
2. MUNICIPAL ETC.- POINT
SOURCE
B. OPEN BURNING
1*. ON SITE-AREA SOURCE
b. ON SITE-POINT SOURCE
J«. DUMPS - AREA SOURCE
b. DUMPS - POINT SOURCE
C. CONICAL BURNERS - POINT SOURCE
D. TOTAL SOLID WARE DISPOSAL
. TRANSPORTATION-AREA SOURCE
A 1. MOTOR VEHICLES-GASOLINE
2. MOTOR VEHICLES-DIESEL
B. OFF-HIGH FUEL USAGE
1. DIESEL
2. GASOLINE
C. AIRCRAFT
D. RAILROADS
I. GASOLINE HANDLING EVA?. LOSSES
F. TOTAL TRANSPORTATION
. MISCELLANEOUS-AREA SOURCES
A. AGRICULTURAL BURNING
B. GRAIN ELEVATORS
. GRAND TOTAL
A. AREA SOURCE
B. POINT SOURCE
C. TOTAL
0
37
39
Q
22
98
Q
12
0
32
70
0
15
32
10
0
0
0
6
177
0
271
0
44
13
328
603
0
7,395
85
0
0 .
394
0
0
70
0
549
249
81
24
33
86
18
0
491
0
646
1,784
7,900
9,684
0
391
1
Q
0
392
Q
18
0
231
348
0
206
0
0
0
0 '
0
0
803
0
1,329
0
1,054
1
2,384
3,579
0
0
19
0
0
24
0
0
2
0
45
150
146
42
20
20
46
0
424
0
0
1,090
2,958
4,048
0
18
41
o
25
84
Q
1
0
5
1
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
23
0
24
0
0
1
25
132
0
27
122
0
0
2,091
0
0
379
0
2,592
71,643
1,051
307
13,663
123
SO
0
86,837
0
0
89,146
443
89,589
HC
0
11
16
o
10
37
o
0
0
7
14
0
4
24
7
0
0
0
2
58
0
10
0
28
54
92
187
2,054
3,706
37
0
0
739
0
0
137
0
913
10,197
210
62
1,821
366
35
690
13,381
0
0
16,281
3,960
20,241
-EC
•Og Quuttty
0
44 7,255
155 4,109
0
87
286
o
10 1,088
0
173 8,910
279 9,308
0
79 2,639
154 3,117
51 1,144
0
0
0
22
768
0
263 31,806
0
578 11,003
522 2.678
1,363
2,417
0
0
37 24,598
0
0
148 49,200
0
0
27 8,806
0
212 82,604
7,854 751,590
1,101 6,468
320 1,886
967 8,281
80
53 1,425
0
10,375
0
0
11,195
1,809
13,004
OllW
103 -g«l/yr
106 cu ft/yr
tons/yr
103 g»l/yr
103 g«l/yr
103 g«l/yr
106 cu ft/yr
tons/yr
103 g.l/yr
106 cu ft/yr
tona/yr
tona/yr
tona/yr
tona/yr
103 V-M/yr
103 g«l/yr
103 g«l/yr
10 tal/yr
10 |tl/yr
-------
TABLE 4
EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY FOR THE STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION 205
DATA REPRESENTATIVE OF CALENDAR YEAR 1970
TONS OF POLLUTANT /TEAR
Particular S02 CO
I
II
III.
IV,
V
VI
. FUEL COMBUSTION
A. RESIDENTIAL FUEL-AREA SOURCE
I. (ANTHRACITE) COAL
2. DISTILLATE OIL
3. NATURAL CAS
4. WOOD
5. LPC
6. TOTAL
B. COMM-INSTL & IND
la. (BITUMINOUS) COAL-AREA SOURCE
b. (BITUMINOUS) COAL-POINT
SOURCE
2. COKE-POINT SOURCE
3a. DISTILLATE OIL-AREA SOURCE
b. DISTILLATE OIL-POINT SOURCE
4a. RESIDUAL OIL-AREA SOURCE
b. RESIDUAL OIL-POINT SOURCE
5a. NATURAL GAS -AREA SOURCE
b. NATURAL GAS -POINT SOURCE
6. PROCESS GAS -POINT SOURCE
7a. WOOD-AREA SOURCE
b. WOOD-POINT SOURCE
8. LPG-AREA SOURCE
9. TOTAL
C. STEAM-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
1. ANTHRACITE COAL
2. BITUMINOUS COAL
3. DISTILLATE OIL
4. RESIDUAL OIL
5. NATURAL CAS
6. TOTAL
D. TOTAL FUEL COMBUSTION
. PROCESS LOSSES
A. AREA SOURCES
B. POINT SOURCES
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
A. INCINERATION
la. ON SITE-AREA SOURCE
b. ON SITE-POINT SOURCE
2. MUNICIPAL ETC.- POINT
SOURCE
B. OPEN BURNING
la. ON SITE-AREA SOURCE
b. ON SITE-POINT SOURCE
2a. DUMPS - AREA SOURCE
b. DUMPS - POINT SOURCE
C. CONICAL BURNERS - POINT SOURCE
D. TOTAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
, TRANSPORTATION-AREA SOURCE
A 1. MOTOR VEHICLES-GASOLINE
2. MOTOR VEHICLES-DIESEL
B. OFF-HIGH FUEL USAGE
1. DIESEL
2. GASOLINE
C. AIRCRAFT
D. RAILROADS
B . GASOLDfE HANDLING EV AP • LOSSES
F. TOTAL TRANSPORTATION
. MISCELLANEOUS-AREA SOURCES
A. AGRICULTURAL BURNING
B. GRAIN ELEVATORS
. GRAND TOTAL
A. ARIA SOURCE
B. POTJIT SOURCE
C. TOTAL
0
41
26
0
26
93
0
896
0
69
4
0
0
42
15
0
0
0
6
1,032
0
838
0
0
0
838
1,963
0
19,809
89
1
0
411
0
0
211
208
920
236
77
12
16
40
21
0
402
0
306
1,418
21,982
23,400
0
435
1
0
0
436
0
440
0
109
7
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
557
0
1,280
0
0
0
1,280
2,273
0
0
19
1
0
24
0
0
15
4
63
144
139
20
10
10
55
0
378
0
0
967
1,747
2,714
0
20
28
0
27
75
0
25
0 ','
0 '
0
0 i
0
35
o ;
0
0
0 '
7 '
67 '
o •
135
0
0 '
0
135
277
0
0
128
5
0
2,178
0
0
1,127
4,413
7,851
62,993
996
150
6,665
78
59
0
70,941
0
0
73,364
5,705
79,069
HC
0
12
11
0
10
33
0
12
0
12
0
0
0
32
33
0
0
0
3
92
0
186
0
0
0
186
311
1,865
544
38
2
0
769
0
0
398
375
1,582
9,126
200
30
889
240
42
615
11,142
0
0
13,914
1,550
15,464
Ofi
tx>x quality
0
49 8,060
103 2,748
0
97
249
0
187 24,937
0
269 8,903
15 4,901
0
0
208 4,425
144 1,641
0
0
0
24
847
0
3,273 182,008
1 31
0
0 2
3,274
4,370
0
3
38 25,629
2 4,368
0
154 51,260
0
0
77 26,413
35 68,364
306
7,603 713,310
1,044 6,139
156 921
471 4,039
38
65 1 , 704
0
9,377
0
0
10,319
3,737
14,056
Dalta
.j
10 fal/yr
10 cu ft/yr
toni/yr
3
10Jgal/yr
103 gal/yr
6
10° cu ft/yr
106 cu ft/yr
toni/yr
103 gal/yr
6
10 cu ft/yr
toni/yr
tona/yr
tons/yr
toni/yr
toni/yr
10?. V-M/yr
10J gal/yr
loi! gal/yr
10 gal/yr
103 gal/yr
-------
TABLE 5
EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY FOR THE STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION 206
DATA REPRESENTATIVE OF CALENDAR YEAR 1970
TONS OP POLLUTANT /YIAI
ttrtlcuUtl S°2 C°
I.
II,
III.
IV,
¥
TI
, run. COMBUSTION
A. RESIDENTIAL FUEL-ARIA SOURCE
1. (ANTHRACITE) COAL
2. DISTILLATE OIL
3. NATURAL GAS
4. HOOD
5. LPC
». TOTAL
B. COMM-INSTL 4 IND
1*. (BITUMINOUS) COAL-AREA SOURCE
b. (BITUMINOUS) COAL-POINT
SOURCE
2. COKE-POINT SOURCE
3«. DISTILLATE OIL-AREA SOURCE
b. DISTILLATE OIL-POINT SOURCE
4«. RESIDUAL OIL-AREA SOURCE
b. RESIDUAL OIL-POINT SOURCE
5«. NATURAL GAS-AREA SOURCE
b. NATURAL GAS-POINT SOURCE
6. PROCESS CAS -POINT SOURCE
7«. WOOD-AREA SOURCE
b. WOOD-POINT SOURCE
8. LPG-AUA SOURCE
9. TOTAL
C. STEAM-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
I. ANTHRACITE COAL
2. BITUMINOUS COAL
3. DISTILLATE OIL
4. IIS DUAL OIL
5. NATURAL GAS
6. TOTAL
D. TOTAL FUEL COMBUSTION
, PROCESS LOSSES
A. AREA SOURCES
B. POINT SOURCES
SOLD) WASTE DISPOSAL
A. INCINERATION
1«. ON SITE-AREA SOURCE
b. ON SITE-POINT SOURCI
2. MUNICIPAL ETC.- POINT
SOURCI
1. Of IN BURNING
t>. ON SRI-AREA SOUICI
b. ON SITI-POINT SOUICI
I*. DUMPS - ARIA SOURCI
b. DUMPS - POINT SOUICI
C. CONICAL BURNERS - POINT SOUICI
D. TOTAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
. TIANSFOHATION-AUA SOUICI
A 1, MOTOR VMICUS-GASOLINI
2, MOTOR VEHICLES-DIESEL
1. OPP-HICH FUEL USAGI
1 . DIESIL
2. GASOLINE
C. AIRCRAFT
D RAILROADS
l! GASOLDn HANDLING EVAP. LOSSES
p. TOTAL TRANSPORTATION
. MISCELLANEOUS-AREA SOURCES
A. AGRICULTURAL BURNING
B. GRAIN ELEVATOR!
. GRAND TOTAL
A. ARIA SOURCI
B POINT SOURCI
C. TOTAL
0
229
38
0
148
415
0
41
0
374
34
0
14
41
2
0
0
0
37
543
0
646
14
1
7
668
1,626
0
10,123
387
10
0
1,769
0
0
1,271
0
3,437
872
284
248
359
95
141
0
1,999
0
6,736
11,758
12,163
23,921
0
2,474
1
0
0
2,475
0
505
0
359
301
0
199
2
0
0
0
0
0
1,366
0
989
65
19
0
1,073
4,914
0
0
83
2
0
111
0
0
65
0
261
528
511
447
218
17
368
0
2,089
0
0
5,119
2,1*5
7,26*
0
115
40
0
155
310
0
10
0
5
0
0
0
20
4
0
0
0
39
78
0
70
0
0
2
72
460
0
3
553
14
0
9,400
0
0
6,837
0
16,804
217,463
3,693
3,225
1*3,778
82
396
0
368,637
0
0
378,96*
6,9*0
389,90*
HC
0
69
16
0
59
144
0
5
0
75
5
0
1
58
2
0
0
0
15
161
0
35
3
0
32
70
375
6,925
2,407
166
10
0
3,318
0
0
2,421
0
5,915
32,055
739
645
19,170
218
283
3.038
56,148
0
0
66, S* 9
4,921
71,770
FUEL HC.
MZ Quutlty 0»lt>
0
275 45,818
150 3,992
0
548
973
0
69 9,225
0
1,497 49,906
142 4,751
0
39 1,267
293 4,509
20 449
0
0
0
137
2,197
520 69,175
55 1,801
7 139
273 1.775
857
4,027
0
0
166 110,381
2 5,2*2
0
664 221,178
0
0
469 159,3*8
0
1,297
28,627 2,6*0,930
3,864 22,729
3,374 19,8*9
10,18* 87,138
83
424 11,319
0
46,556
0
0
50.2S6
1,39*
31, (SO
5
103g«l/yr
106 cu ft/yr
tonl/yr
10 g.l/yr
10 g«l/yr
10 gal/vr
106 cu ft
106 cu ft/yr
tonl/yi
lO3 g«l/yr
103 g.l/yr
106 cu tt/yt
toni/yr
toni/yr
toni/yr
toni/yr
10? V-M/yr
103 gal/yr
10, gal/yr
103 gil/yr
103 g.l/yr
-------
.TABLE 6
EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY FOR THE STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
CITY OF SIOUX FALLS
DATA REPRESENTATIVE OF CALENDAR YEAR 1970
TONS OF POLLUTANT /YEAR
P«rtlcul«t« S02 CO
HC
rmETC.
110^ Quantity Uilca
1. FUEL COMBUSTION
II
III.
IV
V
VI
A. RESIDENTIAL FUEL-AREA SOURCE
1. (ANTHRACITE) COAL
2. DISTILLATE OIL
3. NATURAL GAS
4. WOOD
5. LPC
6. TOTAL
B- COMM-INSTL & IND
la. (BITUMINOUS) COAL-AREA SOURCE
b. (BITUMINOUS) COAL-POINT
SOURCE
2. COKE-POINT SOURCE
3a. DISTILLATE OIL-AREA SOURCE
b. DISTILLATE OIL-POINT SOURCE
4a. RESIDUAL OIL-AREA SOURCE
b. RESIDUAL OIL-POINT SOURCE
5«. NATURAL CAS -AREA SOURCE
b. NATURAL GAS-POINT SOURCE
6. PROCESS GAS-POINT SOURCE
7a. WOOD-AREA SOURCE
b. WOOD-POINT SOURCE
8. LPG-AREA SOURCE
9. TOTAL
C. STEAM-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
1 . ANTHRAC ITE COAL
2. BITUMINOUS COAL
3. DISTILLATE OIL
-".. RESIDUAL OIL
5 . NATURAL GAS
6. TOTAL
D. TOTAL FUEL COMBUSTION
. PROCESS LOSSES
A. AREA SOURCES
B. POINT SOURCES
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
A. INCINERATION
la. ON SITE-AREA SOURCE
b. ON SITE-POINT SOURCE
2. MUNICIPAL ETC.- POINT
SOURCE
B. OPEN BURNING
la. ON SITE-AREA SOURCE
b. ON SITE-POINT SOURCE
2a. DUMPS - AREA SOURCE
b. DUMPS - POINT SOURCE
C. CONICAL BURNERS - POINT SOURCE
D. TOTAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
. TRANSPORTATION-AREA SOURCE
A 1. MOTOR VEHICLES-GASOLINE
2. MOTOR VEHICLES-DIESEL
B. OFF-HIGH FUEL USAGE
I . DIESEL
2 . GASOLINE
C. AIRCRAFT
D. RAILROADS
E. GASOLINE HANDLING EVAP. LOSSES —
F. TOTAL TRANSPORTATION
. MISCELLANEOUS-AREA SOURCES
A. AGRICULTURAL BURNING
B. GRAIN ELEVATORS
. GRAND TOTAL
A. AREA SOURCE
B POINT SOURCE
C. TOTAL
0
5
33
0
3
41
0
13
0
13
70
0
5
26
9
0
0
1
137
0
0
0
0
0
0
178 •
0
171
59
0
0
0
0
0
A
0
59
83
64
0
0
86
4
0
237
0
0
J77
268
645
0
59
1
0
0
60
0
18
0
92
349
0
71
1
0
0
0
0
531
0
0
0
16
0
16
607
0
0
13
0
0-
Q
0
0
Q
0
13
50
115
o
0
20
10
0
195
0
0
361
454
815
0
3
35
0
4
42
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
17
9
0
0
1
29
0
0
0
0
0
0
71
0
27
84
0
0
0
0
0
A
0
84
33,052
830
0
0
123
11
0
34,016
0
0
34,160
38
34,198
0
2
14
0
2
18
0
0
0
2
15
0
3
26
6
0
0
0
54
0
0
0
0
0
0
72
1,199
2,237
25
0
0
0
0
Q
0
25
4,407
166
0
0
366
8
363
5,310
0
0
6,582
2,261
8,843
0
7 1,087
130 3,470
0
13
150
0
10 1,088
0
51 1,708
279 9,308
0
53 1,795
155 2,737
53 1,144
0
0
3
604
0
0
0
6 115
4 19
10
764
0
0
25 16,843
0
0
0
0
0
A
0
25 16,843
2,341 250,391
869 9,110
0 0
0 0
80
12 320
0
3,302
0
0
3,686
405
4,091
.
10 gll/yr
10° cu ft/yr
toni/yr
3
10, gal/yr
103 gal/yr
•t
10 gal/yr
10^ cu ft/yr
10° cu ft/yr
' 103' gal/yr
106 cu ft/yr
toni/yr
toni/yr
103 V-M/yr
10J gal/yr
103 g«l/yr
-------
TABLE 7
EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY FOR THE STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
CITY OF RAPID CITY
DATA REPRESENTATIVE OF CALENDAR YEAR 1970
PartlouUt* 10, 00
i. ran. COMBUSTION
A. RESIDENTIAL FUEL-AREA SOURCE
i. (ANTHBAcrn) COAL
2. DISTILLATE OIL
3. NATURAL CAS
4* WOOD
3. UG
6. TOTAL
I. COMM-IKSTL *. DO)
la. (BITUMINOUS) COAL-AREA SOURCE
t>. (BITUMINOUS) COAL-POIHT
SOURCE
2. COKE-rOINT SOURCE
3a. DISTILLATE OIL-AREA SOURCE
b. DISTILLATE OIL-POINT SOURCE
4.. RESIDUAL OIL-AREA SOURCE
b. RESIDUAL OIL-POINT SOURCE
5a. NATURAL CAS -AREA SOURCE
b. NATURAL GAS-POINT SOURCE
6. PROCESS GAS-POINT SOURCE
7«. HOOD-AREA SOURCE
b. UOOD-rOINT SOURCE
8. LPG-ARKA SOURCE
9. TOTAL —
C. STUM-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
1. ANTHRACITE COAL
2. BITUMINOUS COAL
3. DISTILLATE OIL
4. RESIDUAL OIL
5. NATURAL GAS
6. TOTAL "~
0. TOTAL FUEL COMBUSTION
II. PROCESS LOSSES
A. AREA SOURCES
t. to-art SOURCES
III. SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
A. INCINERATION
la. OH SITE-AREA SOURCE
b. ON SITE-POINT SOURCE
2. MUNICIPAL ETC.- FOUR
SOURCE
B. OPEN BURNING
la. OH SITE-AREA SOURCE
b. ON SITE-POINT SOURCE
la. DUNN - AREA SOURCE
b. DUMFS - POINT SOURCE
C. COMICAL BURNERS - POINT SOURCE
D. TOTAL SOLID VAiTE DISPOSAL
IV. TRANSPORTATION-ARIA SOURCE
A 1. MOTOR VEHICLES-GASOLINE
2. MOTOR VEHICLES-DIESEL
1. OFF-HIGH FUEL USAGE
1. DIESEL
2. GASOLINE
C. AIRCRAFT
D. RAILROADS
S. GASOLINE HANDLING EVAF. LOSSES
F. TOTAL TEAMPORTATION
Q
3
17
0
2
22
o
0
0
6
0
o
o
28
0
0
0
0
1
35
0
348
0
0
0
348
405
0
1,032
73
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73
43
33
0
0
0
3
0
79
0
35
1
0
0
36
0
o
0
43
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
o
0
44
0
671
0
0
0
671
751
0
0
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
26
59
0 •
0
0
7
0
92
Q
2
18
0
2
22
0
o
0
0
o
0
o
25
0
0
0
o
1
26
0
48
0
0
0
48
96
0
0
104
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
104
17,067
429
0
0
0
7
o
17.503
•C
Q
1
7
0
1
9
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
19
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
14
0
0
0
14
43
725
20
31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
2,276
86
0
0
0
5
250
2,617
B
K>x QMttlcy
o
4 65*
66 1,769
0
8
78
0
0
0
24 7«4
0
0
0
132 2,921
" 0
0
0
0
2
1SS
0
2,624 95,421
1 31
0
0
2,625
2,861
0
0
31 20,740
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
1,209 129,295
4*9 2,639
0
0
0
a IDS
0
1,666
CK
•MM
10* «al/jrr
10° cu ft/yr
103 tal/yr
10* cu ft/yr
toai/yr
10J gal/yr
toni/yr
10? v-H/yr
10° ««l/yr
10s gal/jrr
». MISCELLANEOUS-AREA SOURCES
A. AGRICULTURAL BURNING
I. GRAIN ELEVATORS
VI. GRAM) TOTAL
A. ARIA SOURCE
I. MOT SOURCE
C. TOTAL
34
243
1.3*0
188
671
17,653 1.401
4* 34
i.*n
I.MS
•59
17.749 3,434
4.SM
-------
III. AREA DESCRIPTION
South Dakota is the 16th largest state in the Union. Its 77,047
square miles are divided into four geographic regions. From east to west,
these are the Young Drift Plain, the Dissected Till, the Great Plains and
the Black Hills. The Young Drift Plain covering the eastern part of the
state, is mainly an agricultural area. Products include rye, wheat, and
livestock. The Dissected Till, in the southeast corner of the state, like
the Young Drift Plains is basically agricultural; however, most of the
states' food processing industry is located in this region. The Great
Plains, covering the western half of the state, is a moderately fertile
area. Although wheat and some other grains are grown there, it is basically
a livestock grazing area. In the southwest corner of the state in the
Black Hills, the mining and lumber production industries are located.
The meteorological data of the area show that it is a cool dry area
with good ambient air circulation. The average high temperature for July
is 88 degrees, while the average low in January is 10 degrees. For a given
year the average number of degree days (a measure of heating requirements)
is 7500. The average yearly precipitation is 18 inches. Due to the
different land patterns in the state, no single statement can be made about
prevailing winds; however, from the air pollution standpoint, the number
of days with no wind (calm conditions) is important. In South Dakota this
averages about 5 percent. In comparison, Los Angeles, a city with signi-
ficant air pollution problems, averages about 13 percent calm days during
the year.
-------
IV. METHODOLOGY
A. DEFINITION OF POINT AND AREA SOURCES
This emissions inventory considers two classifications of em-
issions sources ,"point and area sources. Point sources are generally
large establishments whose emissions are significant enough to warrant
individual consideration. On the other hand, sources whose emissions are
too small to be considered individually are accounted for collectively as
an area source.
1. Point Sources
The Federal Register (Volume 36, No. 67, Part II, Appendix C)
lists those major pollutant source categories which are to be classified
as point sources, independent of size. South Dakota contains the follow-
ing industrial categories which are included in the Federal listing.
Alfalfa Dehydrating
Feed and Grain Handling and Processing
Meat Smoke Houses
Asphaltic Concrete Batching
Bricks and Related Clay Refractories
Cement
Concrete Batching
Lime Manufacturing
Rock, Gravel and Sand Quarrying and Processing
Open Burning Dumps
Steam Electric Power Plants
Petroleum Bulk Storage Terminals
Wood Processing - Conical Wood Burners
In addition to the above industrial classifications, all fuel combus-
tion sources were considered point sources if one or more of the following
air pollution emission criteria were met.
» Annual Particulate Emissions of 5 tons or greater
t Annual Sulfur Dioxide Emissions of 10 tons or greater
• Annual Nitrogen Oxide Emissions of 25 tons or greater.
2. Area Sources
Area sources are defined as those combustion and process
sources which in themselves are too small to constitute a point source,
-------
but when considered collectively, will significantly contribute to the
total emissions of the study area.
The following presents a listing of those categories con-
sidered as area sources in South Dakota. These categories, however, ex-
clude those individual sources which have emissions large enough to classify
them as point sources.
Fuel Combustion - Stationary Sources
Residential - combustion of distillate oil, natural gas and liquid
petroleum gas (LPG) accounts for emissions from residential heating.
Coal is no longer utilized in South Dakota for residential heating.
. Commercial and Institutional - area source emissions in this category
result from the combustion of distillate and residual fuel oil,
natural gas and LPG. The coal used in South Dakota in this category
is essentially all accounted for by point sources.
.. Industrial - area source emissions in this category result from the
combustion of distillate oil, residual oil and natural gas. Essen-
tially all the industrial coal utilized is accounted for by point
sources.
Process Losses
Dry cleaning establishments
Utilization of Paints and varnishes
Grain Elevators - This category only includes those elevators that
did not return questionnaires. For these non-responding sources,
emissions were estimated based on information obtained from returned
questionnaires, and included as an area source.
Solid Waste Disposal
On Site Burning of Municipal Refuse
On Site Incineration of Municipal Refuse
Transportation
Motor Vehicles - both gasoline and diesel powered vehicles are included.
Locomotives
Aircraft
Tractors - tractors are the major off-highway consumer of both diesel.
oil and gasoline
Evaporative Losses from Gasoline Marketing
-------
B. POINT SOURCES
1. Data Collection
a. Preparation of Mailing List
Based on the above definition of point sources in South
Dakota, a mailing list was developed and questionnaires sent out. Tables
presents a listing of references utilized in developing this mailing list.
Copies of the questionnaires are presented in the appendix.
As discussed earlier, a fuel combustion source, other
than specified in the Federal listing of major industrial categories, was
classified as a point source if its annual emission levels for particu-
late, S0_, or NO was equal to or greater than 5, 10, and 25 tons respectively.
£. X
In compiling this mailing list, however, there were several categories (such
as schools, hospitals, hotels, a variety of residential, commercial, in-
stitutional, Federal and civic buildings, together with many miscellaneous
industries) which because of a lack of information pertaining to the type
and quantity of fuel consumed, could not definitely be classified as point
sources. Working criteria for the completion of the point source mailing
list were then established and are presented below:
Manufacturing and Commercial Establishments - more than 25 employees
Schools and Colleges - more than 1000 students
Hospitals - more than 50 beds
Hotels and Motels - more than 100 rooms.
These criteria were modified as required in the light
of knowledge of either State or GCA personnel as well as data available
from the individual sources.
b. Response to Questionnaires
Table 9 summarizes the number of questionnaires sent
out, the number returned, and percent of response. In addition, data are
presented which list the number of questionnaires mailed to actual point
sources only, as well as the number of these returned and percent response.
-------
TABLE 8
LIST OF POINT SOURCE REFERENCES FOR SOUTH DAKOTA
1. Manufacturers and Processors Directory 1969 - 71
South Dakota Telephone Directory
:<. Air Quality Control Section Complaint File
4, South Dakota Grain Elevator Licensed by Public Utilities Comm.
5. Department of Highways - Qualified Bidders Lists
n. Minerals Yearbook - Bureau of Mines, 1968
1. Health Department Correspondence File Guide
8. Mineral Facts and Problems, 1965, Bureau of Mines
(>. Electrical World
10, Steam - Electric Plant Factors, 1968, National Coal Assoc., Washington, D.C.
11. Indian Health Services
11'. South Dakota Hospital Licensed by South Dakota Department of Health
I'}. Nursing Homes Licensed by South Dakota Department of Health
14. South Dakota Lodging License Listings for 1970-71
L5. South Dakota Department of Public Instruction, Public & Private
School Listings
Jo. Educational Institutions of South Dakota Listings
17. South Dakota League for Nursing Careers Committee
If.-. Personal Communications with Assessors Offices of the following towns:
. Sioux Falls
. Rapid City
. Brookings
. Yankton
. Watertown
. Aberdeen
. Mitchell
iy. South Dakota Department of Agriculture - Div. of Plant Industry
20. Communicators with National Guard Office, Rapid City
21. South Dakota Highway Department - Approved Sources of Aggregate
22. South Dakota Department of Revenue
-------
Table 9 shows that of the actual number of point source
questionnaires mailed (Column 4), 58 percent were eventually completed and
returned. Many of these questionnaires were initially sent in incomplete
or with erroneous information. An extensive telephone re-contacting effort
was made so that these questionnaires could be properly completed. In
addition, all non-respondents in the following point source categories were
recontacted.
Saw Mills
Concrete Batch Plants
Asphalt Batch Plants
Mining or Stone Processing
Crude Oil Drilling
Petroleum Bulk Storage Terminals
Steam Electric Generating Facilities
Meat Packing and Processing
Chemical Process Industry
Hospitals
Larger Schools and Manufacturers
The percent response to the point source questionnaires
is summarized in Column 6 of Table 9. It is evident that an excellent
response was obtained from all but two of the point source categories,
namely, grain elevators and concrete batch plants. No attempt was made to
estimate the emissions from the non-respondent concrete batch plants as
emissions from those responding plants were generally less than or equal
to one ton of particulate annually. However, for grain elevators, emissions
from non-responding sites were estimated by using the average value obtained
from the returned questionnaires. These estimates were then included as
area source emissions.
No attempt was made to determine the emissions from the
few non-responding point sources in the other categories. Their level of
emissions was estimated to be relatively small compared with the emissions
accounted for by the returned questionnaires.
2. Data Analysis
Analysis of the data from the completed questionnaires con-
sisted of two essential phases: (a) the choice and use of a coordinate
-------
TABLE 9
SUMMARY OF RESPONSE TO POINT SOURCE QUESTIONNAIRES
Category
Alfalfa Dehydrating
Grain Elevators
Saw Mills
Concrete Batch Plants
Asphalt Batch Plants
Mining or Stone Quarrying
Crude Oil Drilling
Petroleum Bulk Storage Terminals
Electric Generating Facilities
Meat Packing and Processing
Chemical Process Industry
Hospitals & Nursing Homes
Hotels & Motels (>50 units)
Schools (>1000 students)
Creameries and Dairies
Apartment, Commercial, Civic
Buildings
Green Houses
Federal Facilities
Miscellaneous
Total
No. of
Quest.
Sent
26
470
26
96
32
60
3
11
34
48
7
110
46
70
35
31
8
22
77
1212
Total
No. of
Quest.
Returned
9
232
22
74
29
47
3
11
27
32
7
59
7
32
14
9
4
18
49
685
Percent
Response
34.6
49.4
84.6
77.1
90.6
78.3
100.0
100.0
79.4
66.7
100.0
53.6
15.2
45.7
40.0
29.0
50.0
81.8
63.6
56.5
No. of
Point
Source
Quest.
Sent
3
470
12
55
18
34
1
11
15
4
0
8
0
11
1
0
0
1
1
645
No. of
Point
Source
Quest.
Returned
3
232
10
34
14
29
1
11
15
4
0
8
0
10
1
0
0
1
1
374
Percent
Response
100.0
49.4
83.3
61.8
77.8
85.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-
100.0
-
90.9
100.0
-
-
100.0
100.0
-------
system for defining the locations of point sources, and (b) the trans-
forming of raw data from the questionnaires into the form required for
input to the computer program used by the Office of Air Programs (GAP)
for the final emissions inventory calculations.
a. Coordinate System
The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate
system was chosen for South Dakota because: (a) the system is widely used
in meteorological modeling, (b) maps with the UTM grids denoted are readily
available from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and (c) the UTM system
does not suffer from grid irregularities to the same extent as do most
other systems, notably the township/section system used in South Dakota.
In general, the locations of individual point sources were determined to
within one kilometer in either (flat projection) dimension.
b. Computer Input Forms
The details of the data manipulation required for
data transformation will not be discussed here. Instead, some critical
assumptions and statements of policy regarding data treatment will be re-
viewed in the following material.
i. Stack Parameters - information concerning stack
heights, diameters, and flow conditions are given only for sources emitting
50 tons or more per year of any pollutant. In most cases where such data
are given, they are based on estimates using CAP recommended procedures.
The 50 tons per year cut-off point was recommended by OAP.
ii. Process Weights - in most cases, the respond-
ents gave this information, but grain elevators generally did not. To ob-
tain process weights for these sources, a grain-handling time of 1000 hours
per year was assumed for country elevators, and 2000 hours per year for
terminal elevators %. These hours were based on phone conversations with
with several grain elevator operators. Because sufficient data were not
available from the questionnaires, maximum process weight was set equal to
normal process weight.
iii. Fuel Characteristics - in almost all cases,
these were given on the returned questionnaires. In those few cases where
such data were not given, assumptions were made based on data from the
returned questionnaires.
iv. Pollution Control Efficiency - major point
sources gave control efficiencies almost without exception, but many
smaller sources did not have such data. The values given by McGraw and
Duprey(l°) were normally used where the data were missing. However, be-
-------
cause of the usual operating procedures at grain elevators, the dust houses
frequently used were assumed to have a zero percent particulate removal
efficiency.
v. Emissions - some respondents included estimates
of actual emissions on their returned questionnaires. These data were used
if they showed reasonable agreement with estimates obtained by the use of
emission factors. Otherwise, the estimated values based on emission factors
were used.
vi. Allowable Emission - allowable emissions of sulfur
dioxide and particulates based on the Federal model standards (Federal
Register, Volume 36, Number 67, Appendix B) were hand calculated for all
regulated point sources in the state. The Federal model sulfur dioxide
emission was calculated for combustion sources by assuming 80 percent re-
moval.
C. AREA SOURCES
1. Area Source References
References used to develop state totals and apportion area
source fuel, solid waste and process losses in South Dakota are summarized
in Table 10. These references include both local and state data together
with data compiled by private companies and by Federal agencies such as the
Census Bureau and the Bureau of Mines.
2. Data Analysis
This section discusses the methodology utilized in
estimating and apportioning fuel, solid waste and process area source emissions.
Because a variety of area source categories utilize a number
of different types of fuels, we have included Table 11 which summarizes
those fuel consuming area source categories and the types of fuels utilized.
The ensuing discussion of stationary fuel combustion and transportation
area sources is based around this table.
a. Stationary Fuel Combustion
i. Coal
The Bureau of Mines v has published data for
coal consumption in North and South Dakota combined, and no individual
breakdown was available for these states. However, consumption totals from
the point source questionnaires from both states, exceed the combined total
-------
TABLE 10
LISTING OF AREA SOURCE REFERENCES FOR SOUTH DAKOTA
1. Montana - Dakota Utility Company
2. Northern Natural Gas
3. Central Telephone Utilities Corporation
4. Iowa Public Service Company
5. Northwestern Public Service Company
6. City of Watertown, South Dakota
7. South Dakota Oilmen's Association
Annual Statistical Report, 1969-1970
8. South Dakota Agricultural Statistics,
1969
9. USDHEW - 1968 Survey of Community Solid
Waste Practices - South Dakota
10. South Dakota Highway Department, 1970
Statistical Data on Gallons and Vehicle-
Miles of Gasoline by County
11. South Dakota State Dept. of Revenue
12. Sales of Fuel Oil and Kerosene in 1969,
Minerals Industry Surveys, U.S. Dept of
Interior, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C.
13. Bituminous Coal and Lignite Distribution
1970, Minerals Industrial Survey, Bureau
of Mines, Washington, D.C.
14. Census of Business - 1967, Wholesale Trade
U.S. Dept of Commerce, Bureau of the Census
15. Census of Business - 1967, Retail Trade,
U.S. Dept of Commerce, Bureau of the Census
16. Census Manufacture - 1963, U.S. Dept. of Com-
merce, Bureau of the Census
17. U.S. Census of Population and Housing - 1970
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
18. McGraw, M.J., Duprey, R.L., "Air Pollutant
Emission Factors-Preliminary Document," Envir-
onmental Protection Agency,.Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina, 1971
19. Airline Schedules for North Central, Frontier,
Western & Ozark Airlines, 1971,
20. Communications with Chicago Northwest, Great
Northern, Milwaukee & Illinois Central Rail-
roads, June 1971
21. Personal communication, Francis Schofield,
U.S. Paint & Varnish Assoc., Wash. D.C.,6/21/71
22. Strock, C., Koral, R.L., Handbook of Air Con-
ditioning, Heating & Ventilation, Industrial
Press, New York, 1965.
23. 1968 LP-Gas Shipment Up 11.7%, LP-Gas Decem-
ber 1969, page 30.
24. Personal communication with Mr. Ray Rowell,
Executive Secretary, Nebraska-South Dakota
Liquified Petroleum Gas Assoc., June 1971
25. Vaughan, Richard D., National Solid Waste Survey
Report Summary & Interpretation, Interim Report,
1968 National Survey of Community Solid Waste
Practices, October 24, 1968, page 48.
26. Chansky, S.H. et al., Systems Study of Air Pol-
lution From Municipal Incineration, U.S. D. of
-------
published by the Bureau of Mines. We have therefore concluded that all
coal consumption in South Dakota was accounted for by point sources and
that area source coal consumption (including residential coal) is insig-
nificant. This is confirmed by communications with various state officials
in the Health Dept. familiar with coal usage in South Dakota. All the
point source coal reported is bituminous except for the Mobridge power
plant (source No. 16, Region 206) which consumes a reported 33,680 tons/
year of Lignite coal.
ii. Residual Oil
Returned questionnaires indicate that residual oil
(12)
consumed by point sources exceeds the Bureau of Mines consumption total
for South Dakota. We have therefore concluded that residual oil consump-
tion in South Dakota was accounted for by point sources and that area
source residual oil consumption is essentially zero. This is confirmed by
communications with various state officials familiar with residual oil
usage in South Dakota.
iii. Distillate Oil
Total distillate oil utilized in South. Dakota in
1970, except for that quantity consumed by railroads,was obtained from the
Independent Oilmen's Association Annual Statistical Report. This total
included kerosene jet fuel, diesel fuel, and No. 1, 2, and 4 fuel oil. j,
After subtracting out the keros ne and jet fuel consumed in the state in
1970, the remaining distillate oil was apportioned to the following use
categories, utilizing Bureau of Mines fuel oil consumption data for South
Dakota:<12>
Commercial and Institutional Distillate Oil
The Bureau of Mines fuel oil consumption data did not allow for a
breakdown between residential and commercial plus institutional
usage. Residential heating requirements were estimated, based on
the 1970 Bureau of Census data for housing units, the number of
degree days per year (7500), (22) an(j the average annual heating
requirements per home (24,000 BTU/degree day).T22)
*
The independent Oilmen's Statistical report indicated that approximately
1 million gallons of kerosene are consumed annually. Data from Petroleum
Bulk Storage terminals indicate that about 9.7 million gallons of aviation
fuel was consumed in South Dakota in 1970.
-------
The quantity of residential heat supplied by natural gas was then
removed to give residential fuel oil consumption. This value was
then subtracted from the total residential, commercial and institu-
tional fuel oil consumption to obtain the distillate fuel oil con-
sumed by commercial and institutional establishments in the State.
This total minus point source commercial and institutional consump-
tion was next apportioned to the counties (as well as Sioux Falls
and Rapid City) by the number of wholesale plus retail establish-
ments obtained from the Bureau of Census. '*•*> ^) These values
were first adjusted to reflect those establishments NOT being serviced
by natural gas.
Emissions were calculated based upon the emission factors presented
in McGraw and Duprey's Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
1971.(18) An average sulfur content of 0.75 percent was assumed,
based on data from the point source questionnaires.
Residential Fuel Oil <
The state consumption of kerosene was included in this total. The
state usage was apportioned to the counties and the cities of Sioux
Falls and Rapid City by population. (^) xhe county and city popula-
tions were adjusted to reflect the population NOT being serviced
by natural gas.
Emissions were calculated based on the emission factors presented
in McGraw and Duprey's Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors, 1971.("0 An average fuel sulfur content of 0.75 percent
was assumed, based on data from the point source questionnaires.
Industrial Distillate
State totals minus point source industrial consumption were appor-
tioned to the counties and the two major cities by the number of
manufacturing employees. 'J-°' Again, these apportioning figures
were adjusted to reflect those industries NOT being serviced by
natural gas.
Emissions were calculated based upon the emission factors presented
by McGraw and Duprey. (^)
On-Highway Diesel Fuel
Since this category is classified as a transportation source, the
methodology discussion is presented in the following Section
(IV.C.2.b.)-
Off-Highway Diesel Fuel
Since this category is also classified as a transportation source,
the methodology discussion is presented in the following section
(TV.C.2.b.)-
-------
TABLE 11
AREA SOURCE CATEGORY VS. FUEL TYPE CONSUMED
Area Source Fuel Combustion Categories
Fuel Type
Stationary Sources
Residential
Commercial & Institutional
Industrial
Transportation
Railroads
Motor Vehicles
Tractors
Aircraft
Coal
0
0
0
NA
NA
NA
NA
Residual
Oil
0
0
0
X
NA
NA
NA
DISTILLATE
Kerosene
X
X
0
NA
NA
NA
X
Diesel
NA
NA
NA
X
X
X
NA
#1,2,&
#4 oil
X
X
X
NA
NA
NA
NA
Natural
Gas
X
X
X
NA
NA
NA
NA
Gasoline
NA
NA
NA
NA
X
X
X
LP(
X
X
0
NA
NA
NA
NA
Ln
X = fuel is utilized by source category
0 = fuel is not utilized by source category
-------
iv. Natural Gas
Natural gas is utilized in 25 counties in South
Dakota including Minnehaha and Pennington counties which include the re-
spective cities of Sioux Falls and Rapid City. Natural gas consumption
data for 1970 were available by use category (residential, commercial plus
institutional, and industrial) for these cities as well as the counties.
The data were obtained from the three companies (Montana Dakota Utilities
Co., Iowa Public Service Co., and Northern Natural Gas) supplying gas to
South Dakota as well as from the utility companies distributing this gas.
Emissions were calculated based upon the emission
factors presented in McGraw and Duprey's Compilation of Air Pollutant
/I Q\
Emission Factors - 1971. v '
v. LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas)
State consumption totals were obtained from the
(23) (17)
Bureau of Mines aid apportioned by population data, adjusted to
reflect those NOT serviced by natural gas. Emissions were calculated
based upon the emission factors for domestic and commercial propane as
presented in McGraw and Duprey's Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
(18)
Factors - 1971. The emission factor for nitrogen oxide was assumed
to be 23 pounds per thousand gallons, based on the assumption that 80
percent of the LPG was utilized by domestic sources and 20 percent by
(24)
commercial sources.
b. Transportation
i. Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles
Urban and rural vehicle mile data for 1970 ware
available by county and for the cities of Sioux Falls and Rapid City.
We assumed that 98 percent of the vehicle miles were attributed to gasoline
powered motor vehicles and utilized the emission factors presented by
( 18 ^
McGraw and Duprey
gasoline consumption.
( 18 ^
McGraw and Duprey to obtain county and city emissions from on-highway
-------
ii. Off-Highway Gasoline (Farm tractors)
Total off-highway gasoline sold in 1970 (that
quantity of gasoline which is tax exempt) was available from the state
and was assumed to be essentially all consumed by tractors. The data were
/g\
therefore apportioned to the counties by crop-acres. Emissions were
calculated based upon the emission factors for gasoline powered motor
vehicles traveling at 25 mph as presented in McGraw and Duprey's Compila-
/ 1 Q\
tion of Air Pollutant Emission Factors - 1971. The values presented
in this text were, however, adjusted by a factor of 12.5 v-m/gal to obtain
units of Ibs. pollutant/1000 gallons of gasoline.
iii. Diesel Powered Motor Vehicles
As discussed earlier (Section IV.C.2.a.), on-high-
(12)
way diesel consumption was derived by utilizing Bureau of Mines data to
apportion the state consumption of distillate fuel oil in 1970 by use cate-
gory. On-highway diesel consumption using this technique agreed well with
state totals obtained directly from the Highway Department (within 7.5
percent). The value obtained from the state was felt to be more reliable
and was utilized in this study.
On-highway diesel fuel was apportioned to the
counties and the two cities under investigation by vehicle miles obtained
from the South Dakota Highway Department.
Emissions were calculated based upon the emission
factors for heavy duty trucks and buses with engines built prior to 1970
as presented in McGraw and Duprey's Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors - 1971.(18)
iv. Off-Highway Diesel Fuel (Farm Tractors)
As discussed earlier (Section IV.C.2.a.) off-highway
(12)
diesel consumption was derived by utilizing Bureau of Mines statistics
to apportion the state consumption of distillate fuel oil in 1970 by use
category. The resulting off-highway diesel value was assumed to be essen-
tially all utilized by farm tractors and was therefore apportioned to the
-------
/Q\
counties by crop-acres. Emission factors similar to those used for on-
highway diesel fuel were utilized here.
v. Aircraft (Commercial Only)
Emissions from aircraft at the nine municipal airports
were based on the number of landing and takeoff cycles (LTO) and aircraft
/I Q \
type employed at each location, as described by McGraw and Duprey.
(19)
Airline schedules (effective dates April 25, 1971) for the four commer-
cial airlines operating in South Dakota (North Central, Western, Ozark,
and Frontier) were utilized to determine the number of annual LTO's per
airport and the type of aircraft employed. Table A in the appendix shows
the number of annual engine-LTO's by aircraft type for each commercial
airport in South Dakota.
vi. Railroads
The quantity of fuel oil utilized by railroads in
(12)
South Dakota was obtained from Bureau of Mines data and adjusted to
reflect the difference between total annual state fuel oil sales as reported
by the Bureau of Mines and by state statistics. This value was then
apportioned to counties by track-miles as determined from a recently pub-
lished detailed map of the state.
Fuel oil consumption by railroads in the cities
of Sioux Falls and Rapid City was obtained directly from the railroads. '
We are concerned primarily with fuel oil consumption utilized for switching
operations as this is the major source of emissions from railroads within
the city limits. ^2°^
Emissions were calculated based on the emission
factors for railroads as presented in McGraw and Duprey's Compilation of
/I Q\
Air Pollutant Emission Factors - 1971. '
vii. Evaporative Losses from Gasoline Marketing
Total gasoline sold both for highway and off-high-
way use in 1970 was available from the state Revenue Office. The quantity
of highway gasoline marketing was apportioned to the counties and cities
-------
under study by total vehicle miles as obtained from the Highway Depart-
ment. Off-highway gasoline marketed was apportioned to the counties by
crop-acres. The emissions were calculated based upon 21 pounds of hydro-
/•i o\
carbons for each 1000 gallons of gasoline sold.
c. Solid Waste Disposal
The state of South Dakota recently compiled information
on the quantity of refuse collected and the handling and treatment pro-
cedures for each municipal dump and sanitary landfill in the state. Those
dumps which practiced open burning were included as point sources. In
(25)
assuming that 7 Ibs./person per day of municipal refusev ' which includes
household, commercial and institutional refuse1) is generated, the total
refuse which remains uncollected can be estimated for each county by
simply subtracting the refuse collected from the quantity generated. Two-
thirds of the quantity uncollected was assumed to be open-burned, and
one-third incinerated in commercial and/or institutional incinerators.
For the two cities under investigation, all uncollected refuse was assumed
to be incinerated.
Emissions were calculated based on the emission fac-
tors presented in McGraw and Duprey's Compilation of Air Pollutant Emis-
(18^
sion Factors - 1971. Factors for industrial/commercial multiple
chamber incineration were utilized for incineration area sources as recom-
mended by OAP.
Based on a recently completed study of air pollution
( ? fi^
from municipal incineration, as well as on communications with state
officials, there are no municipal incinerators in South Dakota.
d. Process Losses
i. Grain Elevators
As mentioned earlier, 238 grain elevators did not
return questionnaires. These non-respondents were therefore treated as
area sources in their respective counties. Average emissions for both
the country and terminal elevators were determined from those questionnaires
-------
which were returned. The elevator type was then assigned to the non-respond-
ing elevators on the basis of elevator size (as determined by storage capacity),
ii. Dry Cleaning .
(18V '
McGraw and Duprey have estimated that hydro-
carbon emissions from dry cleaning operations in cold, climates such as that
of South Dakota average 2.7 pounds per person per day. This value was
used for the -determination of emissions from this source for the counties
'and two major urban areas of South Dakota.
iii. Surface Coating Operations
This category includes chiefly the application of
paints and varnishes for protective and/or decorative purposes. No state
surface coating consumption data were available for South Dakota, but a
National total for paint and varnish was obtained from the U.S. Paint and
(21)
Varnish Association. From this total and the National population, it
was determined that per capita consumption of paint and varnish is 0.0243
tons/person per year. This value was used with South Dakota population
data to determine the paint and varnish used in the pertinent geographical
areas in the state. Information from the Paint and Varnish Association' '
indicated that the solvent content of these coatings averaged about 62.5
percent. In determining the hydrocarbon emissions from solvent evaporation,
it was assumed that all of the solvent was hydrocarbon and that it all evap-
orated.
-------
V. COMPUTER PRINTOUT
The detailed results of the emissions inventory are given in the
computer printout which is forwarded in a separate binder.
The printout is arranged by Air Quality Region, and for each Region,
there is a point source printout and an area source printout. The point
source printout presents detailed data and also summaries of annual emis-
sions by source category for each Political Jurisdiction (county) within
the Region; these summaries are tabbed, "#8". Similarly, the area source
printout presents detailed data and also summaries of annual emissions by
source category for each Political Jurisdiction (county) within the Region;
these summaries are tabbed, "#18".
Detailed notes on the data provided in the printout are now pre-
sented. They are arranged to follow the sequence of the printout sheets
and should be read in conjunction with general explanations given in the
Methodology section of this report. Numbered tabs are attached to the
printout pages to indicate the first page of each listing.
A. POINT SOURCE PRINTOUT
Listing #1
The table presented correlates the emission factor set
numbers shown in Listing #3 to the emission factors used in the computer-
calculated emissions.
Listing #2
Standard Industrial Classifications and Process Codes were
assigned to each source as shown in Table 12. Where more than one source
had the same classification and Process Code, consecutive Site numbers
were assigned to such sources.
The counties corresponding to the Political Jurisdiction
numbers listed are shown in Table 13.
Each source was classified by Type as either Process,
Boiler or Solid Waste. All fuel combustion sources were classified as
-------
TABLE 12
STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION (SIC) NUMBERS AND
ASSOCIATED PROCESS CODES
The source type identification code scheme used in this table
is composed of the following sets of numbers:
A four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
code, XXXX, which identifies the nature of the industry.
A two-digit process code,. XX, which provides the process
classification.
A zero in the second location of the process code (XO) indicates
a fuel combustion source. In this case, the first digit (X) identifies
the fuel burner type (as defined below).
The fuel burner types defined by the process codes 00, 10, 20,...90
are defined as follows:
00. All types not listed
10. Pulverized, General
20. Pulverized, Dry Bottom
30. Wet Bottom without Flyash Reinjection - Pulverized
40. Pulverized, Wet Bottom with Flyash Reinjection
50. Cyclone
60. Spreader Stoker without Flyash Reinjection
70. Spreader Stoker with Flyash Reinjection
80. All other Stokers
90. Hand Fired
********************
SOURCE TYPES FOUND IN SOUTH DAKOTA
2011 MEAT PACKING PLANTS
XO. Combustion
01. General
2029 DAIRY PRODUCTS
XO. Combustion
01. General
-------
TABLE 12 (continued)
SOURCE TYPES FOUND IN SOUTH DAKOTA
2041 FLOUR AND OTHER GRAIN MILL PRODUCTS
XO. Combustion
01. General
02. Wheat
03. Barley
2042 PREPARED FEEDS FOR ANIMALS AND FOWL
XO. Combustion
01. General
02. Alfalfa
2833 MEDICINAL CHEMICALS AND BOTANICAL PRODUCTS
XO. Combustion
01. General
2951 ASPHALT BATCHING
XO. Combustion
01. Batching
02. Quarrying
03. Rock Drying
04. Sheet Rock Cutting and Trimming
2999 PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED
XO. Combustion
01. General
3241 CEMENT, MANUFACTURING
XO. Combustion
01. Dry Process
02. Wet Process
03. Sand Dryer
3251 BRICK AND STRUCTURAL CLAY
XO. Combustion
01. General
-------
Table 12 (continued)
3273 READY-MIXED CONCRETE
XO. Combustion
01. General
3274 LIME PRODUCTION
XO. Combustion
01. Rotary Kiln
02. Vertical Kiln
3295 MINERALS AND EARTH, GROUND OR OTHERWISE TREATED
XO. Combustion
01. Crushing
02. Conveying, Screening, and Shaking
03. Storage Piles
4911 ELECTRIC COMPANIES AND SYSTEMS
XO. Combustion
4953 REFUSE SYSTEMS
XO. Combustion (fuel)
01. Municipal Incinerator
02. Open Burning
03. On-Site Multichamber Incinerator
04. On-Site Single Chamber Incinerator
05. Flue-fed Incinerator
06. Other
8061 HOSPITALS
XO. Combustion
8221 COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES,, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS
XO. Combustion
9100 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
XO. Combustion
-------
TABLE 13
JURISDICTIONS INCLUDED WITHIN AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGIONS IN
SOUTH DAKOTA
Black Hills-Rapid City Intrastate Air Quality Control Region - 205^
In the State of South Dakota:
1. Butte County 4. Lawrence County
2. Custer County 5. Meade County
3. Fall River County 6. Pennington County
Metropolitan Sioux City Interstate Air Quality Control Region - 086
In the State of Iowa:
1. Plymouth County 2. Sioux County 3. Woodbury County
In the State of Nebraska:
4. Dakota County
In the State of South Dakota:
5. Union County
Metropolitan Sioux Falls Interstate Air Quality Control Region - 087
In the State of Iowa:
1. Lyon County
In the State of South Dakota:
2. Lincoln County 4. Minnehaha County
3. McCook County 5. Turner County
South Dakota Intrastate Air Quality Control Region (remaining area) - 206
In the State of South Dakota
1. Aurora County 11. Clark County
2. Beadle County 12. Clay County
3. Bennett County 13. Codington County
4. Bon Homme County 14. Corson County
5. Brookings County 15. Davison County
6. Brown County 16. Day County
7. Brule County 17. Deuel County
8. Buffalo County 18. Dewey County
9. Campbell County 19. Douglas County
10. Charles Mix County 20. Edmunds County
-------
TABLE 13 (continued)
South Dakota Intrastate Air Quality Control Region (remaining area) - 206
21. Faulk County
22. Grant County
23. Gregory County
24. Haakon County
25. Hamlin County
26 Hand County
27. Hanson County
28. Harding County
29. Hughes County
30 Hutchinson County
31. Hyde County
32. Jackson County
33. Jerauld County
34. Jones County
35. Kingsbury County
36. Lake County
37. Lyman County
38. McPherson County
39. Marshall County
40. Mellette County
41. Miner County
42. Moody County
43. Perkins County
44. Potter County
45. Roberts County
46. Sanborn County
47. Shannon County
48. Spink County
49. Stanley County
50. Sully County
51. Todd County
52. Tripp County
53. Walworth County
54. Washabaugh County
55. Yankton County
56. Zieback County
-------
Boiler although these included a small number of process combustion
sources such as kilns.
Listing #3
The Shifts/Day figure is based on the ratio of the reported
total operating hours to 8760 (total hours in a year).
The Use Factor figure is based on the ratio of maximum
capacity to actual average operating rate. In the case of fuel combustion
sources, average operating rate is the ratio of reported annual fuel con-
sumption to reported hours operated.
The maximum and minimum Process Weight Rates are expressed
in pounds per hour.
Listing #4
This listing is self-explanatory and no further comments
will be included here.
Listing #5
This listing gives the totals of fuels consumed during the
year within the Region. Note, for Region No. 206, two values are presented
for each fuel. Regional totals are obtained by summing both values.
Listing #6
Computer calculated emissions were made for fuel combustion
sources only, using the fuel totals and emission factor set numbers indi-
cated. Solid Waste and Process sources were hand calculated. These hand
calculations were based on annual solid waste and process totals together
with emission factors from McGraw and Duprey (Table 10, No. 18).
The Uncontrolled figure is the sum of the computer calcu-
lated and hand calculated figures.
The Controlled figure is the uncontrolled figure minus the
product of the Control Efficiency and the uncontrolled figure.
The Device Identification number corresponds to the con-
trol device listed in Table 14 of this report.
-------
TABLE 14
POLLUTION REDUCTION DEVICES OR METHODS
001 Wet Scrubber - High Efficiency
002 Wet Scrubber - Medium Efficiency
003 Wet Scrubber - Low Efficiency
004 Gravity Collector - High Efficiency
005 Gravity Collector - Medium Efficiency
006 Gravity Collector - Low Efficiency
007 Centrifugal Collector - High Efficiency
008 Centrifugal Collector - Medium Efficiency
009 Centrifugal Collector - Low Efficiency
010 Electrostatic Precipitator - High Efficiency
Oil Electrostatic Precipitator - Medium Efficiency
012 Electrostatic Precipitator - Low Efficiency
013 Gas Scrubber
014 Mist Eliminator - High Velocity
015 Mist Eliminator - Low Velocity
016 Fabric Filter - High Temperature
017 Fabric Filter - Medium Temperature
018 Fabric Filter - Low Temperature
019 Catalytic Afterburner
020 Catalytic Afterburner with Heat Exchanger
021 Direct Flame Afterburner
022 Direct Flame Afterburner with Heat Exchanger
027 Eliminate Coal Combustion
028 Eliminate Coal and Residual Fuel Oil Combustion
029 Change all Fuel Use to Natural Gas
030 No Fuel Use Over a Maximum Sulfur Content (Spec-
ified by the User in the Regional Data Base)
031 Same as Device 030 but with a Different Allowable
Sulfur Content
039 Catalytic Oxidation - Flue Gas Desulfurization
041 Dry Limestone Injection
042 Wet Limestone Injection
043 Sulfuric Acid Plant - Contact Process
044 Sulfuric Acid Plant - Double Contact Process
045 Sulfur Plant
-------
The Allowable figures are Particulate and S0« emissions
based on the model federal regulations as published in the Federal Register,
Volume 36, Number 67, on Wednesday, April 7, 1971. Allowable SCL emissions
were calculated for combustion sources by assuming 80 percent removal.
Listing #7
The same notes apply as for Listing #6, except that no
control devices or allowable emissions are considered.
Listing #8
This listing gives total emissions for each Political
Jurisdiction (county) within the Region. The totals are presented by
source category and fuel totals are included for combustion sources. Re-
fuse totals are presented for each of the solid waste categories. The
solid waste category marked, "other" is comprised of conical burners which
consume wood scrap from lumber and saw mills.
Listing #9
This listing is reserved for comments helpful in clarify-
ing the location of each of the point sources. The zone numbers specify
whether the point source is located in Zone 13 or Zone 14 of the Universal
Transverse Mercator (UTM) Coordinate System. This listing also allows
for the presentation of allowable particulate and SCL emissions based on
federal regulations. However, since these were presented in Listing #6,
they were not included here.
B. AREA SOURCE PRINTOUT
Listings #10. #11. #12, #13. #14
Each listing presents emissions of one pollutant by Poli-
tical Jurisdiction and consists of four printout tables. Emissions entitled,
"Apportioned Emissions" (Table 1), and "Calculated Emissions", (Table 2)
were computer calculated and based on emission factors presented below in
Table 15 of this report. Note that in Table 2 of the printout, the two
columns marked "other" refers to (from left to right)'
-------
-p-
o
TABLE 15
AREA SOURCE EMISSION FACTORS
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
AREA SOURCE CATEGORY
Residential Coal
Residential Oil
Residential Natural Gas
Commercial & Institutional Coal
Commercial & Institutional
Residual Oil
Commercial & Institutional
Distillate Oil
Commercial & Institutional
Natural Gas
Industrial Coal
Industrial Residual Oil
Industrial Distillate Oil
Industrial Natural Gas
Wood
Open Burning
Incineration
Solvent Evaporation of Paints
and Varnishes
Diesel Vessels
Railroads
Diesel Motor Vehicles
Diesel Tractors
Urban Gasoline Motor Vehicles
Rural Gasoline Motor Vehicles
Gasoline Tractors
EMISSION FACTORS (Ibs./unit of fuel)
PARTIC- ** HYDRO-
FUEL UNITS ULATE* 2 CO CARBONS x
Tons /year
10? gal Ions /year
10 cu. ft. /year
Tons /year
Q
10 gal Ions /year
n
10 gallons /year
&
10 cu. ft. /year
Tons /year
10^ gal Ions /year
10, gallons /year
10 cu. ft. /year
Tons of wood /year
Tons of refuse/yr.
Tons of refuse/yr.
Tons of solvent/yr
10? gal Ions /year
10g gallons /year
103 gal Ions /year
103 gallons /year
10 vehicle miles
3 per year
10 vehicle miles
3 per year
10 gal Ions /year
2 (A)
10
19
5 (A)
23
15
19
13 (A)
23
15
18
27
16
7
0
25
25
25
25
0.66
0.66
8.25
38(S)
144 (S)
0.6
38 (S)
159(S)
144 (S)
0.6
38 (S)
159(S)
144 (S)
0.6
1.5
1
1.5
0
144 (S)
65
45
45
0.4
0.4
5.0
50
5
20
50
0.2
0.2
20
2
0.2
0.2
0.4
2
85
10
0
65
70
325
325
264
154
3300
12
3
8
12
3
3
8
1
3
3
40
2
30
3
2000
50
50
65
65
35.2
23.1
440
5
12
75
5
60
60
75
15
60
60
175
10
6
3
0
73
75
340
340
18.7
22
233.75
Particulate emissions from coal combustion obtained by multiplying appropriate factor by percent
of ash in coal.
S02 emissions from coal, distillate oil and residual oil combustion obtained by multiplying appro-
priate factor by percent sulfur in fuel. For distillate oil, the percent sulfur was assumed to
-------
Farm tractors utilizing diesel fuel
Farm tractors utilizing gasoline
Table 3 of the printout, entitled, "Additional Emissions"
was hand calculated. The basis for these hand calculations has been
discussed in the Methodology Section (IV) of this report. Note that the
explanation to the row numbers in Table 3 of the printout are presented
below in Table 16 of this report.
Table 4 of the printout sums up the emissions from the
preceding 3 tables. "Calculated 1" refers to Table 1; "Calculated 2"
refers to Table 2; and "additional" refers to Table 3.
All emissions in these four tables are expressed in
Tons per Year.
Listing #15
Printout Table 5 shows emission and fuel consumption
totals for the Region. The source categories and appropriate units for
the fuel totals corresponding to rows 1 through 22 are presented above
in Table 15. All emissions are expressed in Tons per Year.
Listing
Tables 6-1 and 6-2 of the printout show the factors utilized
to apportion each of the 22 fuel totals (see Listing #15) to the Political
Jurisdictions in the Region. Note that the column headings 1-11 in Table
6-1 correspond to numbers 1-11 in Table 15 of this report and that column
headings 1-11 in Table 6-2 correspond to numbers 12-22 also of Table 15.
Table 17 of this report indicates the units of these apportioning factors.
Listing #17
Tables 6-3 and 6-4 present the apportioned fuel totals in
each Political Jurisdiction for each of the 22 source categories presented
in Listing #15. Again, column headings 1-11 in Table 6-3 correspond to
numbers 1-11 of Table 15 above. Column headings 1-11 in Table 6-4 cor-
respond to numbers 12-22 of Table 15.
Listing #18
This listing presents total area source emissions for each
Political Jursidiction within the Region. The totals are presented by
-------
TABLE 16
ADDITIONAL EMISSIONS
No. Category
1 Gasoline Marketing-autos
2 Gasoline Marketing-Tractors
3 Dry Cleaning
4 Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)
5 Aircraft
Grain
6 Elevators
Turbofan-med. range
Turboprop
Country
Terminal
7-15 Not applicable
Units
103gal/yr.
103gal/yr.
Population
103gal/yr.
, *
engine-LTO/yr^
engine-LTO/yr
Grain elevators
Grain elevators
—
Em
?articulate
0
0
0
6.1
7
6
68,000
146,000
—
ission Fa<
so2
0
0
0
0.048
2
1
0
0
—
:tors (Ib
CO
0
0
0
6.4
16
2
0
0
—
s. /unit)
Hydrocarbons
21
21
2.7
2.5
50
3
0
0
—
NO
X
0
0
0
23
7
5
0
0
—
-------
TABLE 17
UNITS FOR FACTORS (IN LISTING #16 OF PRINTOUT) UTILIZED TO
APPORTION AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS BY COUNTY
Units of
Column Heading Apportioning Factors
1
2 No. of people
3 10 cu ft/yr of natural gas
4
5
6 No. of Wholesale and Retail Establishments
7 10 cu ft/yr of natural gas
8
9
10 No. of Manufacturing Employees
11 10 cu ft/yr of natural gas
12
13 Tons per year of refuse burned
14 Tons per year of refuse incinerated
15 No. of Manufacturing Employees
16
17 Track Miles x 10'
18 Daily Diesel vehicle miles
19 1000's of crop acres
-4
20 Annual Urban Vehicle Miles x 10
21 Annual Rural Vehicle Miles x 10"4
22 1000's of crop acres
-------
source category. As mentioned earlier, the two "others" in column 1
refer to (from top to bottom).
Farm tractors utilizing diesel fuel
Farm tractors utilizing gasoline
The explanation of "additional Pollutant" numbers 1-15
are found above in Table 16 of this report.
The fuel total units are the same as those presented
above in Table 15 of this report.
All emissions are expressed in Tons per Year.
-------
-------
TAB IE A
COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT LANDING-TAKE-OFF CYCLES IN SOUTH
DAKOTA (1970)
Airport
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Watertown
Pierre
Aberdeen
Huron
Yankton
Brookings
Mitchell
County
Penning ton
Minnehaha
Cod ing ton
Hughes
Brown
Beadle
Yankton
Brookings
Davison
Aircraft Class No.
Turbofan-rMedium Range
Turboprop
Turbofan-Medium Range
Turboprop
Turbofan-Medium Range
Turboprop
Turbofan-Medium Range
Turboprop
Turbofan-Medium Range
Turboprop
Turboprop
Turboprop
Turboprop
Turboprop
of Engine-LTO cycles/yr.
9,490
2,190
13,870
12,410
1,460
5,110
4,380
1,460
1,460
4,380
2,920
2,920
2,920
-------
Batorn tot
South Dakota Air Foliation Coaalaaion
State Department of Health
Pierre, South Dakota
AIR CONTAMINANT EMISSIONS SURVEY
INFORMATION is TO BE REPRESENTATIVE OF CALENDAR YEAR
FOB IVT1UB B8B ONLY
byi ____________
Brrieved byi
Countyt .
Coordiaataai
SIC No.
Peraon to coataot regarding tida raport
Mailing addraaa
Plant addraaa ,
title
Phono
Nature of boainaam (Produeta)
Baployeea at plant location __
If seasonal, gire
Approximate land araa at plant location
Noxwal operating schedule
Baaiinnal ana/or paak operation pariodt
Batiattta of parcant of total foal couauaaJ to prorida apace heat
SECTION I - FUEL USE FOR GENERATION OF HEAT, STEAM AND POWER
Boure par day . Daye par weak _.
Vaaka par year
Source^
No. (A)
A
Size of
unltUnput)
106 BTa/hr (B)
B
Typ*
nnit
(C)
c
rurffil ] Mlri fln
Data
D
I
Potl
RS1(E)
Aanunt V)
pop ywur
T
0
H
pata (D)
Beat content
BTO (0)
*arcant
Bulfur(a-H)
* aah(Q-H
coal only
I
J
Air cleaning eouiv.
w
vw
X
i
•at. of oonta_dnanta(M)
ar
Qoanjity
Bafuaa diapoaed of
On eita
Noraml on-aita eoabuation operating achadulet_
SECTION II - REFUSE DISPOSAL
_____ Off site - Location of diapoeal and/or
Houra par day Para par week
of hanlars
Vaalia par year
flaanonal and or peak operation pariodt (Speeify)_
Source
No. (A)
A
Waste Mat*
Type (H)
B
trial
rSTtfT
c
Method of disposal
(Sea Coda Page 3)
D
Incinerate
capacity.
Ib^r.
B
Auxiliary
fuel used (o)
T
Type and efficiency
air cleaning (__j)
equipment x '
a
fetiHtt ffl
Typ»(«)
H
nrmt_arlnan_iCM>
S?^3(D
Pan 1
-------
AIR CONTAMINANT EMISSIONS SURVEY
SECTION III - PROCESS EMISSIONS
Nona! operating schedules
Seasonal and/or peck operation periods
Hours per day
Day* per week
Weeks per year
Rotes For intermittent operations, indicate approodmte frequency and duration so that estimates of yearly aaiMioas a*y be obtained.
Source
Mo. (A)
A
Processes or
0 OB vfl3Bl2VL& w8
atsjosphere
B
rnrtrfliitlon
Date
C
D
Materials oroeessed
and/or useaat operations
Type
-------
CODE:
A. Give a different no. to represent each source and then give stack data opposite the same number on Section IV.
B. Nameplate data are sufficient.
C. Hand-fired; underfeed, traveling-grate or spreader stoker; cyclone furnace; pulverized, wet or dry bottom with or without fly asl
reinjection; rotary or gun-type oil burner; etc.
D. Fuel data are to be reported on "as burned basis."
E. Coke, bituminous coal, anthracite coal; No. 1, 2, 4, 5 or 6 fuel oil; natural gas; LPG; refinery or coke oven gas; wood, etc.
F. Pounds, tons, or gallons per year.
G. If unknown please give name and address of fuel supplier.
H. Sulfur and ash content for each fuel should be a weighted average.
I. Cyclone, scrubber, electrostatic precipitator, baghouse, settling chamber, etc.
J. Please state if efficiency is a rated or operating efficiency.
K. Fly ash, sulfur oxides, etc. (include chemical description).
L. Pounds or tons per year.
M. Give stack test data if available, or otherwise specify basis used.
; N. Rubbish, garbage, mixed garbage and rubbish,waste pap*r, wood chips or sawdust, etc.
1 0. Indicate whether auxiliary fuel is used in incinerators and pit burning, and the amount.
P. Sulfuric acid-chamber, alumimum smelting-crucible furnace, iron melting-cupola, cement manufacture-dry process, solvent cleaning
or other (please specify).
• Q. Acid produced, tons; metal charged or processed, tons; cement produced, bbl.; solvent consumed, gallons; etc. per year.
R. Process material balance studies, field tests by plant or by equipment manufacturers, or other basis.
1 S. List sources Sections I, II, III which utilize each stack.
METHOD OF DISPOSAL CODE:
:1. Open-burning dump
2. Sanitary landfill, (no burning)
3. Burned in boiler or furnace..
4. Incinerator, single chamber.
5. Incinerator, multiple chamber.
6. Incinerator, rotary.
7. Conical metal burner.
8. Other (Specify)
-------
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR GRAIN HANDLING OPERATION - OFFICE USE ONLY
DATE FOR YEAR
Rec'd by:
Return to: Reviewed by:
SOUTH DAKOTA AIR POLLUTION CONTROL COMMISSION
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH °U" V
PIERRE, SOUTH DAKOTA 57501 Coordinates: _
General
A. Company Name
Plant Address
City Zip Code
B. Person to Contact
Name
Position
Telephone No.
C. Average Number of Employees
D. Operating Schedule
Hrs/Day (if seasonal, give range)
Days/Year
II. Process Information
A. Terminal Elevators Tons/Year
I. Shipping or Receiving
2. Transferring, Conveying, etc.
3. Screening and Cleaning
4. Drying
B. Country Elevators Tons/Year
I. Shipping or Receiving
2. Transferring, Conveying, etc.
3. Screening and Cleaning
C. Grain Processing Tons/Year
1. Alfalfa Dehydrating
2. Alfalfa Meal Milling
3. Corn Meal
4. Soybean Processing
5. Malted Barley or
Wheat Cleaner
6. *Milo Cleaner or
Rice Dryer
7. *Barley Flour or
Rice Milling
8. Wheat Milling
D. +Feed Manufacturing
E. Control Equipment
1. Type of Dust Collector(s) (Specify separately
for each process with emissions)
Design Efficiency
3. Quantity Retained in collector(s), Tons/Year
-------
SAWMILL EMISSION QUESTIONNAIRE
DATA FOR YEAR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Return to: Rec'd by*-
South Dakota Air Pollution Control Commission Reviewed by:_
State Department of Health County:
Pierre, South Dakota 57301 Coordinates:
SIC No.
I. General
A. Name of Company_
Plant Address
City State Zip
B. Person to Contact Position
Telephone No. _ _
C. Operating Schedule Era/Day Days/Year
II. Process Information
A. Dust Producing Operations
1. Amount/Year (Tons) processed in each step:
Debarking
Cutting ___»_________»__
Planing ____________
Other
2. Is a burner used at this site? Yes / / No / /
If yes, give amount burned/year (Tons) , and:
a. Date of Installation ....._
b. Burner Data: Base Dia. (ft.) Top Dia, (ft.)
Height (ft.) . Top Screen Size Capacity
o
c. Firing Data: % Excess Air Exit Gas Temp F
Type Overfire - tangential or radial
Method of Charge - Bulldozer, conveyor, or other
d. Control Equipment: Type . . . ......... ._
-------
CONCRETE BATCH PLANTS
DATA FOR YEAR
General
A. Company Name
City.
B. Person to Contact
Name
Position
Telephone No.
C. Average Number of Employees^
D. Operating Schedule
OFFICE USE ONLY
RETURN TO: Rec'd:
South Dakota Air Pollution Control Commission Reviewed by :_
State Department of Health County:_
Pierre, South Dakota 57301 Coordinates:
SIC No.
it Address
State
Zip
Hrs/Day (if seasonal, give range)
Days/Tear
II. Process Information
A. Amount Produced During Year (tons) or (cubic yards)
B. Control Equipment
Type
Ef ficency %
-------
ASPHALT BATCH PLANTS
DATA FOR YEAR
OFFICE USE ONLY
Return to:
SOUTH DAKOTA AIR POLLUTION CONTROL COMMISSION
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
PIERRE, SOUTH DAKOTA 57501
General
A. Company Name
Plant Address _
City
Rec'd. by:
Reviewed by:
County:
Coordinates _
SIC No.:
Zip Code
B. Person to Contact
Name
Position
Telephone No.
C. Average Number of Employees
_Hrs/Day (if seasonal, give range)
.Days/Year
Process Information
A. Amount of Asphalt Produced During Year
B. Control Equipment on Dryer
Equipment Type % Efficiency
(Tons)
Installation Date
C.
Precleaner
Cyclone
Scrubber
Centrifugal
Orifice Type
Baffle Spray Tower
Bag House
Other
Fuel Use
-------
FERTILIZER QUESTIONNAIRE
DATA FOR YEAR
Return to:
South Dakota Air Pollution Control Commission
State Department of Health
Pierre, South Dakota 57501
I. General Information
A. Name of Firm
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Rec'd. by:
Reviewed by:
Coun ty:
Coordinates:
SIC No.
Plant Address
City
Mailing Address
City
State_
State
B. Person to contact concerning this form
Telephone
Position
C. Operating schedule
Days/yr.
II. Process Information
A. Nitrate Fertilizer
1. Amount of Fertilizer Produced
2. Type Equipment (Please check)
a. Granulator or Drilling Tower
_Hrs/day (if seasonal, give range_
tons/yr.
b. Neutralizer
c. Dryers and coolers
B. Phosphate Fertilizer
1. Amount of Fertilizer Produced
tons/yr.
2. Type of Product (Please check)
a. Normal Superphosphate
b. Triple Superphosphate
c. Diammonium Phosphate
3. Type of Operations (Please check)
a. Grinding
b. Drying
-------
d. Granulating
e. Packaging, shipping_
D. Control
Equipment
Operation
Type of Equipment
Percent Efficiency
E. Stack
Data
Source
Height
Diameter
Exit
Temperature
Exit
Velocity
III. Additional Process Information (Not Described Above)
A. Flow Sheet of Process
-------
MINING OR STONE QUARRYING PROCESSING QUESTIONNAIRE
DATA FOR YEAR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Rec'd by:
Return to: Reveiwed by:
South Dakota Air Pollution Control County:
State Department of Health Coordinator:
Pierre, South Dakota 57501
General Information
A. Name of Firm
Plant Address City State
Mailing Address City State
B. Person to contact concerning this form
Telephone Position
C. Operating Schedule Hrs/day (If seasonal, give range )_
Days/yr
II. Process Information
A. Name of mineral mined
B. Raw Material processed Tons/yr
C. Amount Produced Tons/yr
D. Crushing Operations (Please Check)
1. Primary Crushing _
2. Secondary Crushing & Screening
3* Tertiary Crushing & Screening _
*f. Fines Milling
5. Recrushing and Screening __
a. Amount Tons/yr
Miscellaneous Operations (Please Check)
1. Screening .
2. Conveying . .
3. Handling .
Storing-Piles
-------
Stack Data
Source
Height
Diameter
velocity
Exit
Temperature
V. Control Equipment
Operation
Type of Equipment
-------
CRUDE OIL DRILLING, NATURAL GAS
OR LPG FACILITIES QUESTIONNAIRE
DATA FOtf YEAR OFFICE USE ONLY
Return to: ' Rec'd by:
South Bahota Air Pollution Control Commission Reviewed by:
State Department of Health County:
Pierre, South Dakota 57501 Coordinates:
SIC. No.
I. General Information
Company Name
llnnt Address City State
Mailing Address City • State
B. Person to contact about this form
Telephone Position
C, Operating Schedule: other than continuous operation, Please specify
II. Process Information
A. Drilling Operations: Type of well (natural gas or crude)
Quantity pumped (bbl, gal, cu. ft. per yr.) _t
Oil . Water
Casing-head gasoline Sulfur content of crude
Amount Flared HjS Content ,
Sump Loss (bbls, gel per yr. )
B. Crude Handling and Storage
Amount transferred to storage (bbl, gal per yr.)
Type storage tanks (floating or fixed roof)
No. of Tanks Height (ft.) Diameter (ft.)
Sump Loss rjr ....'- .-•_-- (bbl/yr)
C. Natural GAs Operations and LPG Plants
Cu. ft. processed/yr. (compressed, absorbed, etc.) specify processes
Fuel Burned/yr.: In boilers In gas engines
Boiler Capacity (BTU/Hr) Stack Height (ft.)
Dia. (ft.) Exit-Vel. (ft./sec.) Exit Temp. °F
-------
PETROLEUM STORAGE
DATA FOR YEAR OFFICE USE ONLY
REC'D BY:
Return to: REVIEWED BY:
South Dakota Air Pollution Control Commission COUNTY:
State Department of Health COORDINATES:_
Pierre, South Dakota 57501 SIC. NO.:"
General Information
A. Company Name
Plant Address City State
Mailing Address City State
B. Person to contact about this form
Telephone Position
C. Operating Schedule: other than continuous operation, Please specify
II. Facility Information
A. Gasoline
1. No. of tanks
2. Tank capacities gal.per tank (awe.)
3. Total Storage Capacity gallons
4. Volume handled: gal./yr.
5. Storage Temp.(If heating is utilized) °F.
B. Diesel Fuel
1. No. oj: tanks
2. Tank capacities gal. per tank (ave.)
3. Total Storage Capacity gallons
4. Volume handled: gal./yr.
5. Storage Temp. (If heating is utilized) °F.
-------
- 2 -
C. #1 Fuel Oil
1. No. of tanks
2. Tank capacities _ gal. per tank (ave.)
3. Total Storage Capacity gall°ns
4. Volume handled: gal./yr.
5. Storage Temp. (If heating is utilized)_ °F.
D. #2 Fuel Oil
1. No. of tanks
2. Tank capacities gal.per tank (ave.)
3. Total Storage Capacity gallons
4. Volume handled: gal./yr.
5. Storage Temp.(If heating is utilized) ° F.
E. #3 Fuel Oil
1. No, of tanks
2. Tank capacities ' gal.per tank (ave.)
3. Total Storage Capacity gallons
4, Volume handled: gal./yr.
5. Storage Temp.(If heating is utilized) °F.
F. #5 Fuel Oil
1. No. of tanks
2. Tank capacities gal per tank (ave.)
3. Total Storage Capacity : gallons
4. Volume handled: gal./yr
-------
- 3 -
G. #6 Fuel Oil
1. No. of tanks
2. Tank capacities , ' gal. per tank (ave.)
3. Total Storage Capacity gallons
4. Volume handled: gal./yr.
-------
GYPSUM PROCESSING QUESTIONNAIRE
DATA FOR YEAR
luvturn to:
South Dakota Air pollution Control Commission
State Department of Health
Pierre, South Dakota 57501
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Rec'd by: _
Reviewed by:
County: "
Coordinates:
SIC. No.
1. General Information
A. Name of Firm
Plant Address
City
-State
Hailing Address
City
State
B. Person to contact concerning this form
Telephone Position
Operating schedule
_IIrs/day (If seasonal, give range)_
Days/yr
D. Fuel Information
Type
Fuel
Amount Per
Year
.
Heat Content
BTU
% Sulfur
% Ash
Coal (Ply
Process Information
A, Gypsum Processed r _. .
B. Type of operations used in process (Please check)
1. Raw material drying
Tons/yr
2. Primary grinding
3. Calcining
4. Conveying
-------
IV.
6. i'ibcr Milling
7. Stucco rai>dnc
8. Others(that may bo
courc.cs of emir:r;ions)
(Plcnso specify)
III.
Additional Process Information
A. Flow Sheet of Process
B. Other Information that may aid in cvalating process
Stack Data
Source
Height
Ft.
Diameter
Ft.
Exit n
Temp °F
Exit
Velocity
V,- Control Equipment
Operation
Controlled
. j --r- - , -^ , j
Type of equipment
% Efficiency
------- |