DETAILED EMISSION INVENTORY
FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO
FINAL REPORT
GEOMET, Incorporated
^-*
326 EAST MONTGOMERY AVENUE
ROCKVILLE, MARYLAND 20850
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GEOMET Report Number EF-59
October 18, 1971
DETAILED EMISSION INVENTORY
FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO
FINAL REPORT
for
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Programs
Regional Office
26 Federal Plaza
Room 832
New York, New York 10007
under
Contract Number 68-02-0042
By
Mr. Billy Don Weaver, Director
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 SUMMARY 3
3.0 TASK DESCRIPTION 9
4.0 STUDY AREA 10
/
4.1 Description of Study Area 10
4.2 Grid Coordinate System 10
5.0 METHODOLOGY 12
5.1 General Approach 12
5.2 Point Sources 14
5.3 Area Sources 21
i
6.0 REFERENCES 30
Appendix A - EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY
Appendix B - PUERTO RICO POLITICAL JURISDICTIONS
Appendix C - POINT SOURCE DATA CODING FORM
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INDEX OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure Page
1 Emissions by Source Category 5
2 Outline of Puerto Rico Study Area 11
3 Grid Coordinate System for San Juan Area Grid 15
4 Grid System for Ponce Area 16
Table
1 Emissions Inventory Summary, Tons/Year 4
2 Total Emissions for Each Municipality for 1970 7
3 Landing-Takeoff Cycle for All Aircraft Types 25
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Section 1.0
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Section 1.0
INTRODUCTION
This report is a summary of the work performed by GEOMET,
Incorporated under Task 2 of Contract Number 68-02-0042 for the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) in conjunction with the Environmental
Quality Board (Junta De Calidad Ambiental) of the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico.
The results of this work provide a detailed commonwealth-wide
emissions inventory of particulate, sulfur oxide, hydrocarbon, carbon
monoxide, and nitrogen oxide sources of atmospheric pollution.
The emissions inventory resulting from this task is considered
representative of calendar year 1970. The data represent realistic
estimates of emissions but should not be interpreted as absolute values.
The basis for the raw data was questionnaries on individual sources with
information on the questionnaires being written either by Puerto Rico
air pollution agency personnel, based on personal interviews, or by the
involved firms replying to a written solicitation for data.
The Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board (EQB) has a file
of over 2000 sources; questionnaires are filled out in varying degrees
of completeness on each source. An additional 110 sources were solicited
for data by GEOMET.
Using these data, GEOMET selected 342 sources for point source
processing based on a minimum of 10 tons per year emissions. These
sources were coded in detail and processed as point source data. Addi-
tional data on commonwealth-wide fuel usage, vehicular traffic, waste
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disposal, solvent evaporation, vessel traffic, aircraft activity, and
sugar cane field burning were collected and processed as area sources.
Detailed computer processing results are provided separately
from this report. A summary of these data is provided in Section 2.0
of this report and in the detailed summary table shown in Appendix A.
Section 3.0 provides a description of the task performed by GEOMET.
The description of the study area and a definition of the grid coordinate
system used are provided in Section 4.0. Details of the methodology
employed by GEOMET in accomplishing this task are given in Section 5.0.
References used in this work are shown in Section 6.0. Appendix B pre-
sents a listing of the political jurisdictions of Puerto Rico, and
Appendix C presents a point source data coding form.
This report reflects comments and suggestions made by the EPA
and the EQB as a result of an earlier (August 16, 1971) draft report on
the detailed emission inventory for Puerto Rico.
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Section 2.0
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Section 2.0
SUMMARY
A detailed summary table, similar in format to the-requirements
of Appendix D of the August 14, 1971 Federal Register, of emissions in
Puerto Rico is shown in Appendix A. This section briefly summarizes the
emissions and provides a pictorial view of the percentage distribution
of them by use of pie charts.
The estimated annual emissions for Puerto Rico determined from
the commonwealth-wide emissions inventory are:
Particulates 95,195 tons
Sulfur Oxides 144,533 tons
Carbon Monoxide 600,876 tons
Hydrocarbons 116,235 tons
Nitrogen Oxides 117,762 tons
Table 1 provides a summary of these pollutants by source
category. This table is similar in format to the Appendix G require-
ments of the August 14, 1971 Federal Register.
Figure 1 shows the percentages, by source category, of emis-
sions represented by the data in Table 1.
The following paragraphs present a brief discussion of the
emissions.
Particulates: Point sources were responsible for the highest
percentage of particulate emissions (90%) with area sources contributing
the remaining 10%. Industrial process sources made the largest contri-
bution.
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Table 1. Emissions Inventory Summary, Tons/Year*
Source Category
I. Fuel Combustion -
Stationary Sources
A. Area Sources
B. Point Sources
C. Total
II. Process Losses
A. Area Sources
B. Point Sources
C. Total
III. Solid Waste Disposal
A. Area Sources •
B. Point Sources
C. Total
IV. Transportation
(Area Sources Only)
V. Miscellaneous
(Area Sources Only)
VI. Grand Totals
A. Area Sources
B. Point Sources
C. Total
Pollutant
.Particulates
1,428
5,899
7.327
0
79,387
79,387
5,457
0
5,457
3,016
8
9,909
85,286
95,195
so2
15,439
117,459
132,898
0
2,594
2,594
341
0
341
8,700
0
24,480
120,053
144,533
CO
335
75
410
0
60,097
60,097
28,993
0
28,993
511,322
54
540,704
60, 172
600,876
HC
309
2,144
2,453
0
12,229
12,229
10,233
0
10^233
88,533
2,787
101,862
14,373
116^235
NOX
5,339
41,064
46^403
0
6,599
6,599
2,047
0
2^047
62,712
1
70,099
47,663
117,762
* Puerto Rico Air Quality Control Region (244)
Data Representative of Calendar Year 1970
Sulfur Oxides: Individual point sources contributed 83% of
the sulfur oxide emissions with area sources contributing the remaining
17%. Fuel combustion sources contributed 92% of the sulfur oxide
emissions. The fuel sources (92%) were composed of individual com-
mercial-institutional-industrial sources (40%) and steam-electric power
plants (52%). The power plants are thus the largest single group of
sulfur oxide emitters. Transportation sources contributed 6% with
process sources contributing less than 2%.
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Transportatio:
Power,
Plant
Fuel 1
Particulate
Sulfur Oxide
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrocarbon
Nitrous Oxide
Figure 1. Emissions by Source Category
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Carbon Monoxide: Area sources contributed 90% of the carbon
monoxide emissions; transportation sources were the largest contributors
and accounted for 85% of the commonwealth-wide total. The next largest
area source contribution was open burning with 5% of the total. Point
sources contributed 10% of the total, with industrial process sources
providing almost all of this contribution (9.7%).
Hydrocarbons: These emissions consisted of 88% from area
sources and 12% from point sources. Transportation sources accounted
for 76% of the total, open burning 9%, and process sources (primarily
refineries) 11%; the remaining 4% came from fuel combustion (2%) and
miscellaneous sources (2%).
Nitrous Oxides: These emissions came from area sources (60%)
and point sources (40%). Transportation sources accounted for 53% of
the total nitrous oxide emissions, and point source fuel combustion
accounted for 39% of the total; process losses (6%) and solid waste
disposal (2%) accounted for the bulk of the remainder of these
emissions.
Table 2 is provided to show the level of pollutant emissions
for each municipality. These emissions are totals, including both
point and area sources.
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Table 2. Total Emissions for Each Municipality for 1970
Municipalities
Political
Jurisdiction
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Name
Aguas Buenas
Barranquitas
Bayamon
Carolina
Catano
Cidra
Comerio
Corozal
Dorado
Guaynabo
Naranjito
Rio Piedras*
San Juan
To a Alta
Toa Baja
Trujillo Alto
Adjuntas
Aibonito
Arroyo
Coamo
Guanica
Guayama
Guayanilla
Jayuya
Juana Diaz
Orocovis
Patillas
Penuelas
Ponce
Salinas
Santa Isabel
Villalba
Yauco
Aguada
Aguadilla
Anasco
Cabo Rajo
Hormigueros
Isabela
Lajas
Pollutant - Tons/ Year
Particulates
1,779
55
4,205
861
1,180
156
68
571
813
7,818
55
-
3,142
52
612
4,594
57
60
372
76
2,938
368
2,773
42
105
51
1,458
431
17,712
1,340
304
44
94
4,992
174
55
3,826
1,739
100
59
so2
60
56
1,184
2,144
26,288
204
264
109
4,101
3,401
22
-
42,267
57
428
718
65
36
94
73
2,489
3,139
14,679
48
135
17
11
15,324
9,949
422
67
14
99
1,258
347
64
169
522
183
104
CO
1,913
2,181
45,628
33,040
8,550
1,947
1,788
2,937
2,072
12,290
2,437
-
161,551
2,272
3,992
4,843
2,334
2,290
1,378
3,192
12,330
5,360
3,885
1,405
3,290
1,540
1,429
1,701
39,973
8,157
2,630
1,808
5,642
8,341
7,901
2,265
4,973
5,687
3,883
2,817
HC
414
466
7,874
6,042
1,900
449
398
628
473
2,260
518
-
29,900
479
839
1,017
491
491
289
614
1,651
1,314
1,223
307
647
349
323
606
11,944
1,146
444
389
1,027
1,149
1,467
481
1,019
771
828
581
NOX
314
367
5,040
3,416
9,783
336
322
477
952
2,476
392
-
31,059
370
749
884
381
373
223
334
1,360
3,810
9,639
214
344
245
206
5,320
7,062
821
313
284
597
910
1,134
383
864
584
652
508
* Emissions for Rio Piedras are Included in San Juan.
(Continued)
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Table 2. Total Emissions for Each Municipality for 1970 (Concluded)
Municipalities
Political
Jurisdiction
Number
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
Name
Las Marias
Maricao
Mayaguez
Moca
Rinc6n
Sabana t'irande
San Gennan
San Sebastian
Arecibo
Barceloneta
Camuy
Ciales
Hatillo
Lares
Manati
Morovis
Quebradillas
Utuado
Vega Alta
Vega Baja
Caguas
Cayey
Ceiba
Fajardo
Gurabo
Humacao
Juncos
Las Piedras
Loiza
Luquillo
Maunabo
Naguabo
Rio Grande
San Lorenzo
Yabucoa
Pollutant - Tons/Year
Parti culates
26
17
3,906
64
33
53
1,683
1,327
2,489
804
1,039
488
72
63
4,843
53
1,019
576
71
2,110
4,500
120
64
1,530
62
696
524
64
801
35
26
53
77
86
702
so2
6
4
3,181
90
54
32
112
1,390
1,701
1,863
458
99
184
22
459
54
163
117
150
540
448
187
161
288
151
229
261
230
354
28
6
21
227
117
539
CO
919
550
26,558
2,238
1,176
2,524
4,562
9,573
17,739
5,855
6,072
1,569
1,900
2,751
9,959
1,766
2,011
3,589
2,852
5,118
19,763
5,517
1,515
6,779
2,276
5,629
5,702
2,459
4,460
1,508
857
2,268
3,213
2,699
5,298
HC
203
123
4,571
484
252
528
955
1,472
3,617
949
910
340
422
580
1,540
391
418
805
602
1,058
3,491
1,040
322
1,069
488
1,034
911
462
937
320
191
485
605
594
868
NOX
142
81
3,718
354
223
440
829
1,197
2,154
942
672
269
331
416
1,169
284
353
568
492
982
2,254
585
265
643
397
686
551
338
794
248
127
357
367
447
642
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Section 3.0
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Section 3.0
TASK DESCRIPTION
The purpose of the task performed by GEOMET in conjunction
with the Environmental Quality Board of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
was to produce a detailed emission inventory of Puerto Rico for the
following pollutants: particulates, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbons, and nitrous oxides.
A meeting was held on May 7, 1971 among the EQB, EPA, and
GEOMET to detail responsibilities for task completion. The following
is a summary of the work agreed upon at that meeting.
The Department of Health of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
had recently completed the collection of emission inventory information
for approximately 2000 sources throughout the Commonwealth. As described
by the agency, it appeared that the available information could serve
as an excellent data base for the purposes of developing an implementation
plan. However, four distinct work areas existed before the data could
be finalized and tabulated into a usable format:
1. Data must be collected for an additional 100 sources,
including all Federal facilities. In addition, some of the 2000 source
forms are incomplete and some contacts may be required to collect the
remaining data.
2. The available data are representative of 1969 and in most
cases will be applicable for 1970. Changes in some process sources have
taken place, therefore, updating of specific sources will be required.
3. Revisions of the area source data are required to update
known changes.
4. The data, both for point and area sources, should be
recorded for computer processing and processed at the EPA facility with
results given to the EQB and the EPA.
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Section 4.0
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Section 4.0
STUDY AREA
4.1 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico consists of 77 municipalities
and covers an area of 3,423 square miles; the population of Puerto Rico
as of January 1970 was 2,801,400. The main island has 75 municipalities
with the Islands of Culebras and Vieques being the remaining two.
Figure 2 shows the outline of the island and the municipalities as of the
end of 1970.
Temperatures within Puerto Rico maintain an average of 75°F in
the winter and 80°F in the summer. The trade winds prevail on the island
from the east, northeast, and southeast.
Puerto Rico comprises one Air Quality Control Region (AQCR).
The 77 municipalities are in AQCR 244. Appendix B lists the municipal-
ities with assigned political jurisdiction numbers. The numbering
system is grouped alphabetically into Health Regions (Puerto Rico system).
4.2 GRID COORDINATE SYSTEM
A grid coordinate system based on the Universal Transverse
Mercator Projection (UTM) for Puerto Rico was selected at the initial
meeting. Maps, utilizing tick marks with this sytem, were obtained
from the Department of Public Works in San Juan. These maps, 1:20,000
scale, were mapped, edited, and published by the Geological Survey complying
with National Map accuracy standards. The reference point is the same
for all areas of Puerto Rico, and all coordinates are positive. The grid
systems and coordinates are illustrated in Figure 2.
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78
68
58
I
48
JL 38
__j
i
28
18
y^
-s "~
/Vs.-.
ATLANTIC
0 C E AN
. *
AT i L LTCSAU KA » o
lilt
I I I
94 104 114 Iii4 154
54 64
154 164 174 1S4 194 204 214 224 234 244
km
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Section 5.0
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Section 5.0
METHODOLOGY
5.1 GENERAL APPROACH
The following is a general description of the approach used
in this task to obtain the required emissions inventory. Sections 5.2
and 5.3 provide more details on the specific methodology for point and
area sources, respectively.
The Air Pollution Control Program of the Puerto Rico Depart-
ment of Health had already collected, through personal interviews, data
on over 2000 sources in Puerto Rico. These data are on questionnaires
and represent all types of commercial, institutional, and industrial
sources. An additional 110 sources were contacted by letter and asked
to supply data by filling out questionnaires. These data were separated
into two groups. One group was sources having more than 10 tons of
emissions per year or representing specified industries named in
Appendix C of the August 14, 1971 Federal Register with no lower cut-off
point. These were the sources selected for coding for the point source
inventory. Emission calculations were made for all process sources
using emission factors in the EPA publication, Compilation of Air Pollu-
tant Emission Factors (McGraw and Duprey 1970), or specified factors
supplied by the EQB. Combustion source calculations were made by the
EPA computer program based on type and quantity of fuel and the sulfur
content of the fuel.
The data for 342 point sources (not all individual firms) were
coded and processed by the EPA point and area source computer program at the
Research Triangle Facility.
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The second group of point source forms representing minor
sources and sources with incomplete data was coded with whatever avail-
able information appeared on the forms. No recontacting of these sources
was attempted. These data were card punched in the point source format
and listed by computer to provide a record of the available information
on these approximately 1700 minor sources. These cards were not pro-
cessed on the EPA program since fuel consumption and process weight
information was incomplete.
Material processed or consumed on the island which could not
be attributed to specific point sources was included in area sources.
These data include fuel usage for commercial, institutional, and indus-
trial sources (residential heating is nonexistent); open burning of
waste material; solvent evaporation from dry cleaning operations; diesel
fuel usage by seagoing vessels; diesel fuel used by vehicles; LPG (propane
and butane) use; gasoline usage by vehicles; sugar cane field burning;
and aircraft activity at airports. These consumables were allocated to
each municipality (procedures described in Section 5.3) and coded, key-
punched, and processed on the EPA area source program. A second area
source compilation was made for the greater San Juan area. The eight
municipalities included in this second grouping were: San Juan, Carolina,
Trijillo Alto, Guaynabo, Bayamon, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, and Catano. Orig-
inally, Rio Piedras was coded as a separate municipality; it has, in
fact, been merged into the San Juan municipality. The numbering system
shown in Appendix B was not changed as it would confuse earlier work.
A grid system consisting of 62 grid squares was developed for this area.
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The system consisted of 43 grid squares 2 kilometers on a side (4 sq.
kilometers) and 19 grid squares 4 kilometers on a side (16 sq. kilometers)
This system is illustrated in Figure 3. Data for this grid system were
developed to further delineate the emission picture in the San Juan area
but are not additional emissions over those shown for the municipality
by municipality results.
A third area source compilation was made for the Ponce area.
A grid system comprised of 24 grid squares was set up for Ponce and is
illustrated in Figure 4.
The results of the point source and area source emission inve-
tory calculations are available separate from this report at the EPA-OAP
Surveillance section, the EPA Region II office, and at the EQB office
in Puerto Rico. A detailed summary of these results is provided in
Table A-l of Appendix A of this report. Sections 5.2 and 5.3 present
more details of data sources and procedures for point and area sources.
5.2 POINT SOURCES
5.2.1 Obtaining of Data
The basic source of data on point sources was the question-
naires on file at the APCP (now at the EQB) or those additional onei
acquired by the GEOMET mailing. Recontacts were made to sources for
which file data were insufficient, but needed.
All power plants come under one agency, the Puerto Rico "Water
Resources Authority." This agency provided updated data on all power
plants.
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72
68
64
60
I
cn
56
52
48
\
\
14
s
55
TOA ALTA
'• V
15
TOABAJA
16
U2^-
38;
45
34
46
57
BAYAMON
17
CATANC
26
35
47
38
48 \
•
37
49
23
f
50
\
5—f
SAK
29
39
51
JUAN
22
30
52
60
RIO
PIEDRAS
V
-X
41
53
42
54
TRUJILLO
ALTO
/ GUAYNABO
24
y
"
^
CAROLINA
r
\
01234 5
10
166
170
174
178
182 186
km
190
194
198
202
206
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126
128
130
132
134
km
136 138
Key: City Limits
Figure 4. Grid System for Ponce Aiea
140
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5.2.2 Calculations
Each point source selected for inclusion in the point source
emission inventory was first examined as to the manner in which emissions
occurred (process or combustion). A given firm might have several sources
and might have both process and combustion sources. Each emission source
at a given firm was coded as a separate source.
Process source calculations were made based on the type of
process, the process weight rate, and the EPA emissions factor book
(McGraw and Duprey 1970). Hand calculations were made on the basis of
uncontrolled emissions; if a control device was available, it was coded
and the computer program calculated the controlled emissions.
Combustion source calculations were made by the computer pro-
gram based upon the type and quantity of fuel burned and the sulfur
content of the fuel.
One source type was coded uniquely for that source: Sugar
mills burn bagasse (a sugar cane residue), thus bagasse is a fuel type.
However, the coding format did not allow for coding bagasse burning as
a fuel usage; therefore, bagasse burning was coded as a process source,
using process weight rates equal to the burning rate and hand calculat-
ing the emissions. Emission factors for bagasse burning were provided
by the EQB, based upon incineration of agricultural refuse. Sufficient
data on bagasse burning to better quantify emissions are not available.
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5.2.3 Coding of Forms
A copy of the point source data form is shown in Appendix C.
Each item on that form will be discussed in the following paragraphs
to more fully explain the methodology used.
Source Number (Columns 1-3). Each source of emissions was
assigned a source number. The computer program requires that source
numbers be sequential starting with 1 and be no greater than 999.
Region (Columns 4-6). This identifies the specific AQCR
involved. All of Puerto Rico is in AQCR number 244.
SIC (Columns 7-10). Standard industrial classification iden-
tifies the type of industry to which this source belongs. The EPA
furnished the list of SIC's to be used.
Site (Columns 11-13). This was used primarily to identify
multiple sources at a given location.
Process Code (Columns 14-15). The process code was used to
identify the type of process or combustion source used based on a list
provided by EPA. If a 1-9 value was used in Column 15 it identified a
process source.
Description Name (Columns 16-38). These spaces were used to
identify the source by the name of the firm and any other descriptor
used.
Coordinates (Columns 39-47). The X and Y coordinates relate
to the location of the source to the nearest 100 meters in the grid
coordinate system used. Each source coded was located, to the best of
the information available, on the maps (1:20,000 scale) described
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previously, and the coordinates were read. In many cases these coordi-
nates are only approximate due to the difficulty in locating the point
with the information available.
Political Jurisdiction (Columns 48-49). The municipality
within which the point source was located determined the political
jurisdiction. See Appendix B for the list of political jurisdiction
numbers.
Owner (Column 50). The owner of the source was identified
as to private (1), local (2), commonwealth (3), federal (4), or a
utility (5).
Type (Column 51). The source type was coded as a process (1),
fuel combustion (2), or solid waste disposal (3).
Operating Hours (Columns 52-55). The hours of operation
specified on the questionnaire were coded here. It is possible that
these stated operating hours are the hours that the firm is operating
but may not necessarily be the number of hours that material is pro-
cessed or fuel is consumed.
Stack Parameters (Columns 56-79). Details of the stack height,
diameter (at the exit), temperature, velocity of discharges, gas volume,
and plume rise were entered here as available and as appropriate.
Process Weight (Columns 4-19). The normal (stated) process
weights were converted to process weight rates by dividing the annual
processing quantity by the number of operating hours. If a maximum
process weight rate was obtainable (or applicable) it was calculated.
If unavailable or inapplicable the maximum process weight rate was
coded equal to the normal process weight rate.
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Maximum Boiler Capacity (Columns 26-30). If a maximum boiler
capacity was obtainable for a fuel combustion source it was coded in
Bill's per hour. If unobtainable it was coded equal to the normal boiler
usage rate.
Fuel Usage (Columns 33-39. 42-48. 51-56. and 59-64). The
type of fuel used by a combustion source was determined to be coal,
residual oil, distillate oil, or natural gas. The quantity of fuel
burned per year was then coded. Natural gas is not used in Puerto Rico;
however, if a source burned LPG it was coded as natural gas since no other
fuel coding space was available. The emission factor sets utilized for
each fuel source were determined from a list provided by the EPA and
listed at the beginning of each point source printout.
Heat Content (Columns 59-79). The heat content of each fuel
was coded as either the value shown on the source questionnaire (if avail-
3
able), or if no value was given, the following heat values (10 BTU/gallon)
were used: residual (150) and distillate (140).
Percent Ash-Coal (Columns 4-6). This was not used since coal
was not used as a fuel. Coke was used as a fuel in some sources and
coded as coal.
Sulfur Content (Columns 7-20). The sulfur content, in percent
sulfur by weight, was coded for each fuel. If a sulfur content was
specified on the questionnaire it was used. If unspecified, the follow-
ing percentages were used: kerosene #1 (0.5), diesel #2 (1.0), Navy
special #5 (2.5), and Bunker C #6 (2.5).
-------
Control Efficiency (Columns 21-27). If a source had a con-
trol device for particulates or SCL, the control efficiency was deter-
mined and coded as a percentage and identified by type in Columns 28-30.
Hand Calculated Emissions (Columns 38-67). The emissions for
all process sources (plus bagasse burning) were calculated based on the
process type and quantity of material processed. Emission factors were
determined from the EPA factors book (McGraw and Duprey 1970). Calcu-
lations were made and coded as uncontrolled emissions.
Allowable Emissions (Columns 68-79). These spaces were pro-
vided to input the emissions allowed by commonwealth regulations. Since
no such regulations currently exist, these spaces were not used.
Comments (Columns 4-79). The D card, normally used only for
pertinent comments, was also utilized to record in Columns 4-16 the
particulate and sulfur oxide emission limitations recommended by the
April 7 Federal Register. Columns 17-79 were then used for comments.
5.3 AREA SOURCES
5.3.1 Obtaining of Data
Area source data were collected for: fuel usage by commercial,
institutional, and industrial firms; open burning of waste; solvent evap-
oration from dry cleaning establishments; seagoing vessels; diesel burn-
ing vehicles; gasoline usage for vehicles; LPG use; sugar cane field
burning; and aircraft activity at airports.
-------
The APCP had already collected some area source data, primarily
for 1969. These data were updated to 1970 where possible. The follow-
ing paragraphs detail the sources of the area source data and provide a
summary of the data.
Fuel Usage. The following data were obtained from the
Puerto Rico Office of Economic Indices:
Motor Gasoline 426,528,000 gal
Aviation Fuel 102,910 bbl
Kerosene 990,347 bbl
Solvent 4,975 bbl
Diesel Fuel Oil - Industrial Consumption 1,684,488 bbl
- Int. Bunker (vessels) 147,422 bbl
Residual Fuel Oil - Industrial Consumption 16,591,015 bbl
- Int. Bunker (vessels) 389,872 bbl
The above fuels represent fuel sales in Puerto Rico in 1970
and thus include fuel used in point sources (except for use at refineries)
The Bureau of Mines report which lists fuel consumption by states does
not include Puerto Rico nor is information available from the American
Petroleum Institute.
Open Burning. Data were supplied by the EQB on refuse disposal
by open burning dumps. These figures do not include incineration at
apartment houses, or commercial and industrial installations. These
latter data are currently being compiled by the EQB but were not avail-
able to this study. Data available on open burning show 1869 tons/day
burned or 682,185 tons/year.
-------
Solvent Evaporation. Solvent evaporation from dry cleaning
establishments was estimated by assuming 13 Ibs of clothes cleaned per
capita per year in the warm Puerto Rico climate. The EPA emissions
factor book suggests 18 Ibs/capita in moderate climates and 25 Ibs/
capita in colder climates. The APCP agreed that 13 Ibs/capita was a
reasonable assumption. Using the population of 2,801,400 and the
solvent evaporation factors of the EPA reference (McGraw and Duprey 1970),
the solvent evaporation was estimated to be 2776 tons/year.
Vessels - Diesel. Personnel of the EQB determined the fuel
use by vessels while in port based upon: volume of traffic; tonnage
of traffic; an average number of ships in port/day (for each port); an
average port stay of 1.5 days; a fuel usage of 3696 gallons per motor
vessel in port per day and 9,576 gallons per steamer in port per day.
The basic vessel data were obtained from the Puerto Rico Ports Authority,
Office of Economic Research Report.
Diesel Motor Vehicles. These data were obtained directly from
individual petroleum products manufacturers and distributors contacted
by the EQB. These data show 28,500,000 gallons of diesel oil sold in
Puerto Rico in 1969 to be used for highway transportation. Data for
1970 were not available for this study.
Gasoline Motor Vehicles. Sufficient data on traffic flow
volumes were not available. It was determined from the Office of Economic
Indices that 426,528,000 gallons of motor vehicle gasoline were consumed
in Puerto Rico in 1970. Assuming 12.5 miles per gallon this gives
5,331,600,000 vehicle miles for 1970. This total was split into 3,625,488,000
-------
vehicle miles for urban driving and 1,706,112,000 vehicle-miles for
rural driving based upon the ratio of registered vehicles in urban and
rural areas.
LPG Usage. The Puerto Rico Office of Economic Indices reported
the following sales of LPG in Puerto Rico in 1970:
Butane 837,285 bbl
Propane 1,443,952 bbl
Other LPG 51,670 bbl
These fuel usages were recorded as #19 on the area source fuel list in
units of 1000 gallons, noted as "other" on the computer printout; emis-
sions are given in tons/year.
Sugar Cane Field Burning. Data on sugar cane field burning
in 1970 were obtained from the administrator of the Sugar Rehabilitation
Program. In 1970 it was estimated that 190,000 acres of sugar cane were
planted. Approximately 75 percent of the acreage is burned to remove
unwanted foliage. This means that 143,000 acres of sugar cane are burned.
These data were recorded in acres burned as #22 on the fuel totals sheet
noted as "other" on the computer printout sheet; emissions are given in
tons/year.
Aircraft Activity at Airports. Aircraft activity at each
airport in Puerto Rico was determined by EQB personnel based upon data
supplied by the Puerto Rico Ports Authority. Table 3 shows the number
of landing-takeoff cycles (flights) or LTO's determined for each air-
craft type. The emissions from this aircraft activity were hand
-------
Table 3. Landing-Takeoff Cycle for All Aircraft Types
Airport
SAN JUAN INTERNATIONAL
Subtotal
PONCE AIRPORT
Subtotal
MAYACUEZ AIRPORT
Subtotal
Total
Type Aircraft
Jefc
2 Engine
3 Engine
4 Engine
Turboprop: 2 Engine
4 Engine
Piston:
2 Engine
4 Engine
Turboprop: 2 Engine
Piston:
2 Engine
4 Engine
Turboprop: 2 Engine
Piston:
2 Engine
4 Engine
Landing- Takeoff s
(LTO's)
4,904
4,491
16,551
5,411
84
12,973
26,427
70,841
1,486
152
5,978
7,616
1,135
121
3,895
5,151
83,608
calculated and entered on the area source sheets in Column 1 emissions
for the municipalities of Carolina, Ponce, and Mayaguez, respectively.
5.3.2 Adjustment of Fuel Totals
The fuel totals shown in Section 5.3.1 include fuel consumed
by point sources that are considered in the point source inventory.
Thus this fuel must be subtracted from the commonwealth total before
the input for the area source data deck is determined. The fuel of
each type consumed by point source is available as an output of the
point source emission inventory.
-------
The point source results show that 654,914,000 gallons of
residual and 250,844,000 gallons of distillate oil were consumed by
the point sources. However, part of the point source total was con-
sumed by refineries, which used fuel not already included in the com-
monwealth totals. Residual fuel for industrial point sources to be
subtracted from Puerto Rico totals is 643,644,000 gallons, leaving
53,179,000 gallons for allocation to area sources. Commercial and
institutional residual totals remain unchanged at zero (0) gallons. Indus-
trial point source distillate oil to be subtracted is 42,845,000 gal-
lons, leaving 27,903,000 gallons for area source allocation. Commercial
and institutional distillate oil usage to be subtracted is 1,864,000
gallons, leaving 39,731,000 gallons to be allocated to area sources.
LPG usage by industrial sources was 14,335 x 10 cubic feet.
This usage was almost all by petroleum refineries, therefore, this point
source LPG usage is not subtracted from the previously given island-wide
LPG use. Thus 97,982,000 gallons of LPG is allocated to area sources.
5.3.3 Emission Factors
The emission factors used for area sources were provided by
EPA in the area source format for all but LPG, sugar cane field burning,
and aircraft emissions.
The LPG emission factors used (LPG in the coding is fuel group
19) are a weighted average between butane and propane factors found in
McGraw and Dupreys1 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 1970
weighted by the quantity of each. Thus the LPG emission factors used
are: particulates, 6.3 pounds/10 gallons; sulfur oxides, zero (0);
-------
3 3
carbon monoxide, 6.6 pounds/10 gallons; hydrocarbons, 2.6 pounds/10
3
gallons; and nitrous oxides, 35.0 pounds/10 gallons.
Sugar cane field burning factors were obtained from McGraw
and Duprey (1970) and are: 0.113 tons/acre for particulates; zero (0)
for sulfur oxides; 0.75 tons/acre for carbon monoxide; 0.15 tons/acre
for hydrocarbons; and 0.015 tons/acre for nitrous oxides.
Aircraft emission factors were not input to the data as these
emissions were hand calculated. The factors used are found in McGraw
and Duprey (1970).
5.3.4 Apportioning Factors
The apportioning factors for the consumables considered for
area source allocation are shown for each municipality and grid square
in Table 6-1 of the computer listing (not included in this report) for
each area source data run. The following paragraphs will specify the
basis for each apportioning factor set but will not repeat the factors
available in the computer printout. Factors were basically determined
using the methods of Bierbaum and Gedgaudas (undated).
Factors 1-3: Residential Fuel. No factors were used since
residential fuel is not used.
Factors 4-7: Commercial and Institutional Fuel. Bierbaum and
Gedgaudas specify that the ratio of retail and wholesale employees should
be used in determining the allocation factors for this group. The usual
source of data for the factors is in the yearly census of business for
retail trade and for wholesale trade for a given state, published by
-------
the U.S. Department of Commerce. These publications were not available
for Puerto Rico. However, the Office of Labor Statistics of the Puerto
Rico Department of Labor publishes an annual listing of manufacturing
establishments in Puerto Rico. The October 1969 issue (Estado Libre
Asociado de Puerto Rico) was the latest issue available. The number
of commercial businesses in each municipality was determined from this
reference and used as the apportioning factors for Factors 4-7.
Factors 8-11: Non-Point Source Industrial Fuel. Again
Bierbaum and Gedgaudas recommend a Bureau of the Census document on a
census of manufacturers to get the number of manufacturing employees.
This was not available for Puerto Rico. The annual listing of the
Puerto Rico Department of Labor was used to determine the number of
industrial firms in each municipality. The number of industrial firms
was used as the apportioning factor.
Factor 13: Open Burning. Open burning totals were established
on a per capita waste accumulation basis. Population is used as the
apportioning factor for each municipality to allocate open burning.
Factor 15: Solvent Evaporation. As in Factor 13, population
is the apportioning factor for solvent evaporation.
Factor 16: Vessels. The quantity of fuel used for this source
was based on the number of ships in port. Thus the apportioning factor
used is the number of ships in port in a given municipality.
Factor 18: Diesel Motor Vehicles. The apportioning factor
is the number of diesel burning vehicles registered in a given munici-
pality.
-------
Factor 19; LPG Usage. The LPG usage was primarily by commer-
cial and institutional users. Thus the apportioning factors for LPG were
the numbers of businesses in a municipality.
Factors 20-21: Gasoline Motor Vehicles. The number of auto-
mobiles, trucks, pickups, government vehicles, motorcycles, and busses
registered in each municipality was obtained for 1970 from the Depart-
ment of Public Works, Bureau of Motor Vehicles. First a determination
was made for a given municipality to see if it was all urban (thus
25 mph traffic) or all rural (thus all 45 mph traffic). This was based
on the percent of urban or rural area in the municipality. For those
municipalities having a significant mixture of urban and rural (mostly
rural), the vehicle registration was used. In these cases automobiles
were considered as 45 mph traffic with the remainder of the vehicles
as 25 mph traffic. Thus the apportioning factors were the numbers of
vehicles in each speed category registered in each municipality.
Factor 22: Sugar Cane Field Burning. The number of acres
of sugar cane burned in each municipality was estimated and used as the
apportioning factor.
-------
Section 6.0
-------
Section 6.0
REFERENCES
Bierbaum, Philip J. and Marius J. Gedgaudas. Undated. Air Pollutant
Emission Inventory Techniques. HEW-PHS.
Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Departamento del Trabajo,
Negociado de Estadisticas del Trabajo. 1969. Establecimientos
Manufacturers en Puerto Rico. Octubre de 1969.
McGraw, M. J. and R. L. Duprey. 1971. Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors. Preliminary Document. Environmental Protection
Agency. April 1971.
-------
Appendix A
-------
Appendix A
EMISSIONS INVENTORY SUMMARY
The computer printout for the point and area source emission
inventory give detailed results for each source and each municipality.
Table A-l is provided to present a detailed summary of emissions in a
form similar to that specified in Appendix D of the August 14, 1971
Federal Register. This form is as similar to the suggested Appendix D
format as can be made with the existing computer printout format. It
differs from the suggested format in that the suggested categories of
Commercial-Institutional Fuel Combustion and Industrial Fuel Combustion
are grouped into one category, Commercial-Institutional-Industrial Fuel
Combustion. The other major difference is that process losses in
Table A-l can not be broken out into the categories suggested by
Appendix D due to the nature of the computer printout.
Space for additional entries under allowed emissions is
provided on Table A-l to facilitate the addition of control strategy
data as these data are developed for the implementation plan in another
task.
Puerto Rico is suggested as Priority III for CO, HC, and
NOX, thus control strategies will not be developed. Control strategies
will be developed for particulates and sulfur oxides.
-------
Table A-l. Emissions Inventory Summary, Tons/Year*
i
ro
Source Category
I. Fuel Combustion - Stationary Sources
A. Residential Fuel: (Total)
B. Commercial - Institutional - Industrial
1. Coal- (Total)
2. Coke - Point Sources
3. Distillate Oil
a. Area Sources
b. Point Sources
4. Residual Oil
a. Area Sources
b. Point Sources
5. Natural Gas - (Total)
6. Process Gas - Point Sources
7. Wood -(Total)
8. LPG - Area Sources
9. Total
C. Steam Electric Power Plant
1. Coal
2. Distillate Oil
3. Residual Oil
4. Natural Gas
5. Total
D. Total Fuel Combustion
Pollutant
Particulates
(1)
Existing
0
0
0
507
1,698
612
2,120
0
108
0
309
5,354
0
98
1,875
0
1,973
7,327
(2)
Allowed
Sulfur Oxides
(1)
Existing
0
0
0
4,870
16,926
10,569
25,740
0
4
0
0
58,109
0
266
74,523
0
74,789
132,898
(2)
Allowed
Carbon
Monoxide
(1)
Existing
0
0
21
7
23
5
19
0
3
0
323
401
0
0
9
0
9
410
Hydrocarbons
(1)
Existing
0
0
5
102
340
80
279
0
287
0
127
1,220
0
61
1,172
0
1,233
2,453
Nitrogen
Oxide
(1)
Existing
0
0
1
2,029
6,791
1,595
5,586
0
2,795
0
1,715
20,512
0
1,284
24,607
0
25,891
46,403
* Puerto Rico Air Quality Control Region 244, Data Representative of Calendar Year 1970.
Notes: (1) Existing emissions based on inventory for 1970.
(2) Allowed emissions based on particulate and sulfur oxide control strategies selected for the implementation
(Continued)
-------
Table A-l. Emissions Inventory Summary, Tons/Year (Concluded)
to
Source Cateogry
II. Process Losses
A. Area Sources
B. Point Sources
C. Total Process Losses
III. Solid Waste Disposal
A. Incineration (Total)
B. Open Burning
1 . Onsite
2. Dumps - Area Source
C. Total Solid Waste Disposal
IV. Transportation - Area Sources
A. Motor Vehicles
1. Gasoline
2. Diesel
B. Off-Highway Fuel Usage
C. Aircraft
D. Railroads
E. Vessels
F. Gasoline Handling - Evaporative Losses
G. Total Transportation
V. Miscellaneous - Area Sources
A. Sugar Cane Field Burning
B. Dry Cleaners Evaporation
C. Total Miscellaneous
VI. Region Grand Totals
A. Area Sources
B. Point Sources
C. Total for Region
Pollutant
Particulates
(1)
Existing
0
79.387
79,387
0
0
5,457
5,457
1,759
356
0
433
0
468
0
3,016
8
0
8
9,909
85,286
95, 195
(2)
Allowed
Sulfur Oxides
(1)
Existing
0
2^594
2,594
0
0
341
341
1,066
641
0
260
0
6,733
0
8,700
0
0
0
24,480
120,053
144,533
(2)
Allowed
Carbon
Monoxide
(1)
Existing
0
60,097
60, 097
0
0
28,993
28,993
491,466
4,631
0
14,009
0
1,216
0
511,322
54
0
54
540,704
60, 172
600,876
Hydrocarbons
(1)
Existing
0
12,229
12,229
0
0
10,233
10,233
83,983
926
0
2,689
0
935
0
88,533
11
2,776
2,787
101,862
14,373
116,235
Nitrogen
Oxide
(1)
Existing
0
6,599
6,599
0
0
2,047
2,047
55,598
4,845
0
904
0
1,365
0
62^712
1
0
1
70,099
47,663
-------
Appendix B
-------
Appendix B
PUERTO RICO POLITICAL JURISDICTIONS
Puerto Rico is subdivided into municipalities. For coding
purposes, a political jurisdiction number has been assigned to each
municipality on the main island. This enables a summary of emissions
by municipality.
Previous work in Puerto Rico considered five health regions.
Although this has no necessary relationship to the AQCR, it was decided
to number the municipalities alphabetically by health regions. This
numbering is shown in Table B-l. A further island-wide alphabetical
listing is shown for convenience in Table B-2.
-------
Table B-l. Listing of Municipalities by Health Region With Corresponding Political Jurisdiction Number
Municipality
Northeast Region
Aguas Buenas
Barranquitas
Bayamon
Carolina
Catano
Cidra
Comerio
Corozal
Dorado
Guaynabo
Naranjito
Rio Piedras
San Juan
To a Alta
Toa Baja
Trujillo Alto
South Region
Adjuntas
Albonito
Arroyo
Coamo
Guanica
Guayama
Guayanilla
Jayuya
Juana Diaz
Orocovis
Patillas
Penuelas
Ponce
Salinas
Santa Isabel
Villalba
Yauco
West Region
Aguada
Aguadilla
Anasco
Cabo Rajo
Hormigueros
Political
Jurisdiction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12*
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Municipality
West Region (cont. )
Isabela
Lajas
Las Marias
Maricao
Mayaguez
Moca
Rincon
Sabana Grande
San German
San Sebastian
North Region
Arecibo
Barceloneta
Camuy
Ciales
Hatillo
Lares
Manati
Morovis
Quebradillas
Utuado
Vega Alta
Vega Baja
East Region
Caguas
Cayey
Ceiba
Fajardo
Gurabo
Humacao
Juncos
Las Piedras
Loiza
Luquillo
Maunabo
Naguabo
Rio Grande
San Lorenzo
Yabucoa
Political
Jurisdiction
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
* No longer used as Rio Piedras and San Juan Municipalities have been merged into San Juan (#13).
-------
Table B-2. Alphabetical Listing of Municipalities With Assigned Political Jurisdiction Number
Municipality
Adjuntas
Aguada
Aguadilla
Aguas Buenas
Albonito
Anasco
Arecibo
Arroyo
Barceloneta
Bairanquitas
Bayamon
Cabo Rojo
Caguas
Camuy
Carolina
Catano
Cayey
Ceiba
Ciales
Cidra
Coamo
Comerio
Corozal
Dorado
Fajardo
Guayama
Guayanilla
Guaynabo
Guanica
Gurabo
Hatillo
Hormigueros
Humacao
Isabela
Jayuya
Juan a Diaz
Juncos
Lajas
Political
Jurisdiction
17
34
35
1
18
36
49
19
50
2
3
37
61
51
4
5
62
63
52
6
20
7
8
9
64
22
23
10
21
65
53
38
66
39
24
25
67
40
Municipality
Lares
Las Marias
Las Piedras
Loiza
Luquillo
Manati
Maricao
Maunabo
Mayaguez
Moca
Morovis
Naguabo
Naranjito
Orocovis
Patillas
Penuelas
Ponce
Quebradillas
Rinco'n
Rio Grande
Rio Piedras
Sabana Grande
Salinas
San German
Santa Isabel
San Juan
San Lorenzo
San Sebastian
Toa Alta
Toa Baja
Trujillo Alto
Utuado
Vega Alta
Vega Baja
Villalba
Yabucoa
Yauco
Political
Jurisdiction
54
41
68
69
70
55
42
71
43
44
56
72
11
26
27
28
29
57
45
73
12*
46
30
47
31
13
74
48
14
15
16
58
59
60
32
75
33
* No longer used as a separate municipality.
-------
Appendix C
-------
POINT SOURCE DATA FORM
APCO(DUR)153
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5RDINATES
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i
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VELOCITY
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MAXIMUM
PROCESS WEIGHT
RATE (Ib/hr)
| I
NORMAL
PROCESS
WEIGHT RATE
(Ib/hr)
COMMENTS (a)
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MAXIMUM
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S02
|
CALCULATED
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CO
EM
ISSIONS
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I
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(tons/
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COMMENTS (a)
"
4
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
n
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
3132
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47|48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
7&79'
•
0
8C
(2) Letters and numbers may be put in these columns
(b) Owner -» Private = 1; Local =2; State =3; Federal =4; Utilities =5.
(c) Type -» Process = 1; Fuel Combustion = 2; Solid Waste Disposal =. 3.
(d» EF -»refers to emission factor set number associated with emission factors on emission factor
sheet.
------- |