NEW ORLEANS METROPOLITAN AREA
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSION INVENTORY
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
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Technical data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies of
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NEW ORLEANS METROPOLITAN AREA AIR POLLUTANT
EMISSION INVENTORY
Prepared by:
Alan J. Hoffman
P I~/ 1.-01
(if?
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service
National Air Pollution Control Administration
Division of Air Quality and Emission Data
.,~
Durham, North Carolina
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
....0" 00000. 0.0000. O. 0000 0000.0... ..<11 ...COO........... ....
INTRODUCTION
00 O. OOG.OOGOOOO........... ..... O. "'. 0...' .... .... ..."
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
000.- O. ....0. ...<1'.. ... ..... ...... .... .........
STUDY AREA.
""".. 0 0 01 O. 0"" 000.. ...".." 0'''''..'''' 00<11.""" ... ...".."" .0..
TOPOGRAPHY
.1110- ........11." O. 00- 0.0...0'. ... 0"..04' ...... ".... .....
GRID COORDINATE SYSTEM
".. o. 00111..0" 0.0<1' 0l1li0.."... .........
" " " . " " . ..
EMISSIONS BY CATEGORY
...-0' 00.-.. ......... <1'..... 0.".". ... .......
Fuel
Combustion in Stationary
Sources
"" .... ...... ....... ...-..
Transportation
.........".." .....".-.." .... ...".. ..." "....".... ...
Solid Waste Disposal
8."..""""""""".."..""..".. 0.".. 0...""""""
Industrial Process
Losses
.. " " " ,. " .. " .. " " 0 .. " .. " .. " " " " " " .. .. .. " " .. " .. " " " .. ..
Evaporative Losses
.. ..."" ..." ..." 0<1100.... ......... ..00..... ...
EMISSIONS BY JURISDICTION
00. ..0" 0.." 0" ...0"." ..0Cl OCl.O.".........
EMISSIONS BY GRID
.00..00".. .0" ....." ....."." e" 0..." .............
EMISSION DENSITIES BY GRID
...".....".." .." ... 0.. ........." ...00.
REFERENCES
.0.. O. 0..00.000. 000. O' (I'....' O. 0... ...... O. ...........
APPENDIX
..0.00.0000' 0.0. .0.0..0. 0..0. O. .....0...0.. ...... ....0.0
Page
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Table
1
2
3
4
5
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
LIST OF TABLES
Su~ry of Air Pollutant Emissions in the New Orleans
S tud!y ArettA..............................................
Are~ and Popul~tion Characteristics, 1968 ...............
Natural G2S Consumption in Political Subdivisions of
the New Orle~ns Area....................................
Air Pollut2nt Emissions From Fuel Combustion in
Stations.ry Sources......................................
Vehicle Miles of Travel for Road Vehicles ...............
6
Air Pollutant Emissions from Transportation Sources
7
Air Traffic Activity for the New Orleans Study Area
8
Air Pollutant Emissions from Vessels .. ..................
9
Solid Waste Dispos~l in the New Orleans Study Area....."
Air Pollut&nt Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal
. . . . " . "
Air Pollutant Emissions from Selected Industrial
Proces sea. " . 0 '" ., °00 " 0 0 0 " . co " ,. " " . .. .. " . . . ., . ,. ,. ,. ,. . ,. . . " . ,. . . . . . . " .
Summary of Emissions in Jefferson Parish ................
Summary of Emissions in Orleans Parish ..................
Summary of Emissions in St. Bernard Parish
. " . . . . .. . . . .. 0 . .
Summary of Emissions in St. Charles Parish
..........eo..
Summary of Emissions in St. John the Baptist Parish .....
Summary of Emissions in St. Tammany Parish ..............
Summary of Point ~ources Emissions by Season for
the New Orleans Study Area..............................
Summary of Emissions from all Sources by Season ..... ....
Page
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8
15
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19
20
22
23
24
25
27
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31
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37
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Figure
,
c.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
~
LIST OF FIGURES
New Orleans Study Area
Page
....." ...0"......." .......... ......
9
Population Density for the New Orleans Study Area, 1968 .. 10
Grid Coordinate System for the New Orleans Study Area.... 13
Point Source Locations
. . . . " . . " . " " . . . . . . " . . . . . " . . . " . . . . " .. 36
Sulfur Oxides Emission Density Map ....................... 42
Particulate Emission Density Map
Carbon Monoxide Emission Density
Hydrocarbon Emission Density Map
Nitrogen Oxides Emission Density
. . . " . . . . " . . . . . . . . " . . . " . ." 43
r.1a.p ".."".........."..... 44
. . . . . " . " . . . . . 0 " . . " . . . . ., ." 45
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We acknowledge with appreciation the many contributions of
cooperating agencies in the gathering of the data for this report.
.
.
In particular? we are grateful for the use of data and personnel
assistance furnished by the Louisiana Air Control Commission.
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PREFACE
This report which presents the emissions inventory of the New
Orleans Metropolitan area is another in a series of studies outlining
the sources and emissions of air pollutants for major metropolitan
areas in the country. These reports provide estimates of total emissions
of oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide
and particulate matter.
The emissions of these pollutants are delineated
with respect to source type, season of the year as well as their geo-
graphical distribution within the area. These surveys are also intended
to determine the present level of emissions and status of their control.
The general
h. 1
vey tec n~que.
as the basis for
procedure for these surveys is based on the rapid sur-
The Study Area is divided into grid zones that serve
locating sources and reporting their emissions.
All
sources of pollutants are divided into two subgroups--point and area
sources. Sources that emit large quantities of air pollutants are con-
sidered individually and located specifically within the area. This
, '"
former group which generally contains about fifty to one hundred sources
typically includes large industries, power plants, and central refuse
burning facilities. The remaining multitude of sources are considered
collectively as area sources and their emissions are reported as totals
for grid zones. This category includes motor vehicles',," home heating,
smaller industries, on-site refuse burnin~ etc. The emissions in both
cases are expressed in terms of tons of pollutants for an average annual,
summer, and winter day.
Emissions for the most part are estimated using various indicators
of pollutant emissions: and average'emission factors that are related to
these. This means that information and data are collected on fuel con-
-~
sumption, refuse burning rates, vehicle miles and gasoline consumption,
as well as various production data. These are then translated into
2
emission estimates by use of average emission factors. These factors,
for the most part, represent average emission rates for a particular
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industry or fuel type 0
Because of the inherent difference in type of
equipment, operating rates, control equipment, and efficiency of oper-
ation among the plants and fuel users within a given cate~ory, the appli-
cation of the emission factors to any individual plant or even a smaller
number of similar plants or processes may result in a discrepancy be-
tween the..actual and the estimated emissionso However, the estimates
of total pollutants from all sources in the study area should be
reasonably accurate since the emission factors are based on average
conditions 0
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INTRODUCTION
.
~
The information and data presented in this report were gathered
in cooperation with the Louisiana Air Control Commission during a
survey conducted in July, 1969.
The data obtained in this study is
for the most part representative of 1968, and emission estimates
presented herein should be considered as showing the conditions during
1968.
For purposes of this survey a Study Area consisting of six
parishes surrounding the city of New Orleans was selected. This entire
area covers some 2,500 square miles and included a 1968 population of
about 1.06 million people. The Study Area was subdivided into grid
zones ranging in size from 25 square kilometers in the heavily pop-
ulated and industrialized areas to 1,600 square kilometers in the out-
lying areas.
Any individual source which had emissions of anyone pollutant
greater than 0.5 ton per average annual day was classified as a point
source and located specifically in the aforementioned grid zones.
Individual sources fa11 into this classification and the remaining
single sources were added to the area sources and reported as grid totals.
\:
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SUMMARY OF RESULTS
An estimated 777g000 tons of the five major pollutants are emitted
annually in the Study Area. The breakdown of these emissions by type
of pollutant and source category are summarized in Table 1. The fol-
lowing is a brief summary of pollutant emissions as presented in
Table 1.
"
Su 1 fuI' Oxides
1968 Total = 67 ~630 Tons
Road Vehicles
Other Transportation
Industrial Processes
Solid Waste Disposal
2.5 %
-13.1%
83.4 %
1.0%
Particulates
1968 Total = 66,880 Tons
Road Vehicles
Other Transportation
Fuel Combustion
Industrial
Residential
Steam-Electric
Solid Waste Disposal
Industrial Process
4.2%
10.6%
2.0%
0.3%
0.6%
11.3%
70.7%
Carbon Monoxide
1968 Total = 427~800 Tons
Road Vehicles
Other Transportation
Solid Waste Disposal
Industrial Processes
- 4 -
84.9%
4.8%
6.8%
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HYdrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
- 5 -
1968 Total
Road Vehicles
= 120,150 Tons
23.8%
9.1%
Other Transportation
Solid Waste Disposal
Evaporative Losses
Industrial Processes
6.9%
15.1%
45.0%
Road Vehicles
1'6& Total = 71,140 Tons
Other Transportation
Fuel Combustion
Industrial
Residential
Utility Power Plants
Solid Waste Disposal
Industrial Process
28.9%
21.1%
22.9%
1.9%
15.8%
5.4%
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TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF ~IR POLLUTANTS IN THE NEW ORLE~S
STUDY AREA~ 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Par tic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
SotJr:t'ce Ca tegory Oxides u1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Motor Vehicles 1~690 29840 363,000 28~600 20,600
Boats & Trains 8~800 6~600 3,400 7,600 14~000
Aircraft N 500 16,940 3,320 1,030
Sub -Total 10~490 9,940 383,340 39~520 35,630
Fuel Cambustion in
Stationary Sources
Industry 30 1~380 30 N 16,350
Steam-Electric 30 430 N N 11 ~ 260
Residential N 220 N N 1,380
Commercial and
Institutional N 70 N N 480
Sub-Total 60 2 ~ 100 30 N 29,470
Solid Waste
Munic itpal Inc. 290 2~570 290 90 580
On-Site Inc. 120 630 5,770 90 270
Open Burning 270 4,340 23,070 8,150 2~990
Sub-Total 680 7,540 2911130 8,330 3~840
Industrial Processes 56,400 47,300 15,300 54 , 100 2,200
Evaporative Losses
Motor Vehicles -- -- -- 18,200 --
TOTAL 67~630 66~880 427~800 120,150 71,140
N=Negligible
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STUDY AREA
The Study Area for the emission survey of the New Orleans
Metropolitan Area consists of six parishes--Jefferson, Orleans, St.
Bernard, St. Charles, St. John the Baptist and St. Tammany.
The
six parish area is located in the south-eastern region of Louisiana.
Figure 1 represents a detailed drawing of the New Orleans Study
Area, showing the boundaries of the city of New Orleans. The Study
Area occupies 2,513 square miles and contains an estimated 1968
population of 1,063,000, which is approximately a 14 percent increase
since 1960 (Table 2)3. The population density map (Figure 2) shows
that the heaviest population is concentrated in and near the city
of New Orleans.
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TABLE 2
AREA AND POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS FOR
THE NEW ORLEANS STUDY AREA, 1968
Parish Population Land Area Population Density
1968 1960 (Sq. Miles) 1968
Jefferson 248,260 208,770 331 750
Orleans 686.670 627.530 205 3,350
St. Bernard 37.520 32,190 514 73
St. Charles 25,230 21.220 288 88
St. John the Baptist 21,540 18,440 250 86
St. Tammany 44,210 38,640 925 48
TOTAL 1,063,430 946,790 2,513 423
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ST. TAMMANY
LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN
ST. JOHN
THE BAPTIST
--'I NEW ,-'
r ORLEANS'-] -—-"
ST. BERNARD
\ JEFFERSON
ST. CHARLES
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
kilometers
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3390°°°
POPULATION DENSITY,
people/mi^
5 H)' *1*5 20 25 30
50 - 500
500 - 5,000
5,000 - 10,000
10,000 - 20,000
3260°°°
780000 820°°°
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.
TOPOGRAPHY
'J1he~'New Orleans Study Area is located in the south-eastern portion
of Louisiana. The terrain in this part of the state is primarily
marshy delta land with numerous bayous~ canals and drainage ditches.
The elevations in the New Orleans area vary from a few feet above
sea level to a few feet below.
Lake Borgne is next to the eastern part of the Study Area, and
Lake Pontchartrain which connects with the Gulf of Mexico is tb the
north.
<.)
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GRID COORDINATE SYSTEM
Grid coordinates based on the Universal Transverse Mecator
System were used in this study to show the geographical distribution
of sources and emissions. As shown in Figure 3, the Study Area was
divided into 47 grids of four different sizes--25,100, 400 and
1,600 square kilometers.
Different size grids are used to limit the number of grid zones
and yet allow a satisfactory definition of geographical gradation of
emissions in areas where the majority of pollution occurs.
For this
reason, the 25 square kilometer grids are used in the downtown areas
and areas of high industrial concentration where the emission densities
would change abruptly within short distances.
In areas primarily
rural in nature, the use of small zones 1St not as important.
As illustrated in Figure 3 each grid line is identified by a
coordinate number.
The north-south and the east-west coordinates
are expressed in meters.
The point sources in the!~tudy Area are identified by both hori-
zontal and vertical coordinates to the nearest 100 meters.
The grids
are identified by the coordinates of their geographical center.
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r
74QOOO
3390000
3260000
780°00 8200°°
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EMISSIONS BY CATEGORY
For the purposes of compiling the basic data and emission
estimates~ the air pollutant sources were classified into the following
five categories:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fuel combustion in stationary sources
Transportation
Solid Waste disposal
Industrial process losses
Evaporative losses
Each of these categories are considered individually in this section
where data sources are given and methods of calculation are discusses.
It is important to note that the ~at~mate8 presented herein are~
in most cases~ partial totals. This stems from the inavai1abi1ity of
emission facb~rs as well as appropriate production data. The results
should be viewed with these limitations in mind.
Fuel Combustion in Stationary Sources
Table 3 presents the fuel consumption within the Study Area. As
shown in the tab1e~ natural gas is the primary fuel used in the area.
During 1968~ over 243 billion cubic feet of natural gas were consumed
within the Study Area.
Industrial plants are the largest fuel users in the area, consuming
almost 63 percent of the natural gas. Steam-electric utilities con-
sume approximately 24 percent of the total natural gas, residential
units 10 percent and commercial establishments 3 percent.
Natural gas~ for all practical purposes, is the only fuel used for
residential home heating. There are homes heated by other fuels but
they represent a very small percentage of the total.
~ 14 -
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TABLE 3
NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION FOR THE NEW ORLEANS STUDY AREA, 1968
(MILLION CUBIC FEET/YEAR)
I I
Parish Industrial Steam-Electric Utility Residential C & I TOTAL
Jefferson 16,800 16,000 6,600 1,860 41,260
Orleans 20,400 43,000 14,300 5,500 83,200
St. Bernard 64,200 -- 1,000 120 65,320
St. Charles 31,700 -- 600 150 32,450
St. John the Baptist 13,000 -- 580 130 13,710
St. Tammany 2,000 -- 780 270 3,050
TOTAL 148,100 59,000 23,860 8,030 238,990
C & 1= Commercial and Institutional
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Emissions from Fuel Combustion
Air pollutant emissions resulting from fuel ccmmustion in station-
ary sources are summarized in Table 4.
,The emissions are presented for
industrial, steam-electric utility, residential and commercial--institu-
tional sources. Emissions from natural gas consumption account for ap-
proximately 42 percent of the total nitrogen oxide emissions and less
than 3 percent of the total for any other pollutant.
Data Sources
Natural gas numbers were supplied by the local gas companies who
gave these numbers by jurisdiction with a breakdown by industry,
residential, commercial and institutional source categories.
The
large industrial users in the Study Area, as well as all steam-electric
plants were considered individually as single sources. The balance of the
fuel was distributed to the three area source categories of fuel consumption:
rl) residential (2) commercial--institutional and (3) industrial.
The amount of fuel burned for home heating purposes was calculated
using the procedure described in the Rapid Survey Technique.4 This
method involves the use of such variables, as total annual degree days,
average number of rooms per dwelling unit, and the number of units using
each type of fuel.
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TABLE 4
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION
IN THE NEW ORLEANS STUDY AREA, 1968
(TONS/YEAR)
.
Sulfur Partic- Carbon Hydro - Nitrogen
User Category Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Industrial 30 1,380 30 N 16,350
Steam-Electric 30 430 N N 11 , 260
Utili ties
Residential N 220 N N 1,380
Commercial and
Ins ti tu tiona 1 N 70 N N 480
TOTAL 60 2,100 30 N 29,470
N=Negligible
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Transportation
Four types of transportation sources of air pollution are con-
sidered in this survey--road vehicles, aircraft, railroads, and vessels.
Road vehicles, which are by far the most significant source of air
pollution in this category, are further subdivided according to type of
fuel--gasoline or diesel.
.
Road Vehicles
The miles of travel by motor vehicles in the Study Area are sum-
marized in Table 5. Vehicle mile data for all major arterials and high-
ways in Orleans and Jefferson parishes were obtained from a transportation
study performed by New Orleans Metropolitan Area Transportation Study
for 1960. Estimates were made in order to include the traffic on secondary
and rural roads end to update the data to 1968.
The vehicle miles were
apportioned onto grids by traffic flow maps provided by the Transporta-
tion Study 0
In the other four parishes, vehicle mile information was not available
"' . 5
and thus gasoline con~umpt10n was used to find vehicular emissions. The
gasoline consumed in each county was apportioned on a grid basis by
population.
Emissions from diesel powered vehicles were determined by diesel
6
fuel consumption in each county."
These emissions were apportioned on a
grid' basis. by assuming they were proportional to gasoline emissions.
Emissions from road vehicles are a function of bhe speed at which
the vehicle travels. Average speeds of 10-20 mph were assumed for
downtown areas; 20-30 mph for the residential areas; and 30-45 mph for
the rural areas.
From all transportation sources, road vehicles accounted for 16 per-
cent of the sulfur oxid~s, 28 percent of the particulates, 95 percent of
the carbon monoxide, 72 percent of the hydrocarbons and 58 percent of the
nitrogen oxides. Gasoline powered road vehicles contributed a greater
percent of all pollutants than diesel powered road vehicles.
from transportation sources are summarized in Table 6.
Emiadona
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TABLE 5
VEHICLE MILES OF TRAVEL FOR ROAD VEHICLES IN
THE NEW ORLEANS STUDY AREA, 1968
Jurisdiction Thousands of Vehicle Miles Per Day
Gasoline Diesel
Jefferson 4,300 100
Orleans 5,600 130
St. Bernard 490 10
St. Charles 340 8
St. John the Baptist 263 7
St. Tammany 875 20
TOTAL 11 ,868 275
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TABLE 6
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTATION
SOURCES IN THE NEW ORLEANS STUDY AREA
1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partie - Carbon Hydro - Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides ulates Monoxide carbon Oxides
Motor Vehicles
Gasoline 1,300 1,730 362,100 27,300 18,400
Evaporation -- -- -- 18,200 --
Diesel 390 1,110 900 1,300 2,200
Sub-Total 1,690 2,840 363,000 46,800 20,600
Aircraft N 500 16,940 3,320 1,030
Railroads 100 300 200 400 800
VesselS 8,700 6,300 3,200 7,200 13,200
TOTAL 10,490 9,940 383,340 57,720 35,630
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Aircraft
Table 7 shows the air traffic activity at the two large airports
in the Study Area, with a breakdown by engine type. From all trans-
.
portation sources aircraft accounted for 5 percent of the particulates,
5 percent of the carbon monoxide, 8 percent of the hydrocarbons and 3
percent of the nitrogen oxides.
Railroads
Railroads consume about 6 million gallons of diesel fuel per
year in the Study Area. These figures were obtained from the various
railroads in the Study Area. The air pollutant emissions arising from
railroad sources are insignificant when compared to other transporta-
tion sources.
Vessels
The Port of New Orleans supplied data on the vessel traffic on the
Mississippi River. This included a breakdown by vessel type. Using
various assumptions of the amount of fuel burned while in port and on
average fuel consumption per mile of travel, estimates of fuels consumed
by vessels were obtained. It was estimated that 42 million gallons of
residual and 105 million gallons of diesel fuels were consumed by vessels
in 1968. Table 8 shows the emissions resulting from this fuel consumption.
Solid Waste Disposal
Approximately 1.8 million tons of refuse was generated during 1968
in the Study Area. Table 9 presents a solid waste balance for the New
Orleans Study Area, showing the various methods of disposal and the
quantities disposed of by each method. A per capita generation rate
of 10 lb./day was assumed for the Area. Sanitary landfills accounted
for 17 percent of the total refuse disposed, open burning dumps 28 percent,
on-site open burning 23 percent, am municipal incinerators 32 percent.
Refuse data for all parishes was supplied by the Louisiana State
Department of Health. Table 10 shows the air pollutant emissions from
solid waste disposal in the New Orleans Study Area.
A total of 29,130
tons of carbon monoxide, 7,540 tons of particulates, 8,330 tons of
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TABLE 7
AIRCRAFT ACTIVITY FOR THE NEW ORLEANS STUDY
AREA, 1968 (FLIGHTS/YEAR)
Engine Type Moisant Field Lakefront
1 Engine Piston 19,300 100,400
2 Engine Piston 6,500 33,450
2 Engine Jet 17,700 760
3 Engine Jet 19,200 800
4 Engine Jet 17,400 720
TOTAL 80,100 1.\ 136,130
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TABLE 8
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM VESSELS IN
THE STUDY AREA, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Parish Oxide ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Orleans 3,020 2,190 1,110 2,500 4,580
Jefferson 2,270 1,640 840 1,880 3,440
St. Bernard 570 410 210 470 860
St. Charles 1,550 1,120 570 1 , 280 2,350
St. John the
Baptist 1,290 940 470 1,070 1,970
St. Tammany N N N N N
TOTAL 8,700 6,300 3,200 7,200 13,200
N = Negligible
'-
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TABLE 9
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL BY JURISDICTION FOR THE STUDY AREA, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Refuse Sanitary Incineration Open Burning
Parish Generated Landfi 11s Municipal On-Site Dumps On-Site
Jefferson 453,000 -- 170,000 90,000 103,000 90,000
Orleans 1,250,000 300,000 400,000 85,000 385,000 80,000
St. Bernard 38,000 -- 14,000 4,000 18,000 2,000
St. Charles 25,000 -- -- 10,300 6,000 9,000
St. John the Baptist 21 ,600 -- -- 10,000 2,600 9,000
St. Tammany 44,400 10,000 - - 14,400 8,000 12,000
TOTAL 1,832,300 310,000 584,000 213,700 522,600 202,000
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TABLE 10
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL IN THE NEW ORLEANS STUDY AREA
1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partic- Carbon Hydro - Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Municipal
Incineration 290 2,570 290 90 580
On-Site
Incineration 120 630 5,770 90 270
Open Burning 270 4,340 23,070 8,150 2,990
TOTAL 680 7,540 29,130 8,330 3,840
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hydrocarbons and 3,840 tons of nitrogen oxides were emitted from
solid waste disposal practices. The largest sources were three
municipal incinerators in New Orleans and two others in Jefferson
Parish.
There were also large open burning dumps in Orleans and
Jefferson parishes.
Industrial Process Losses
Emissions from selected industrial process losses in the Study
Area are shown in Table 11. The chemical process industry is the
major source of emissions in the Study Area accounting for 27% of
the SOx and 80% of the carbon monoxide. Typical processes in this
grouping include sulfuric acid manufacture and various industrial
chemicals. Oil refineries is the next largest source for sulfur
oxides and carbon monoxide while grain elevators are the largest
particulate matter emitters.
Evaporative Losses
Emissions in this category were mainly losses from filling
and handling of gasoline at service stations. These operations
accounted for over 18,000 tons of hydrocarbons in 1968.
- 26 -
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TABLE 11
AIR POLWTANT EMISSIONS FROM SELECTED INDUSTRIAL
PROCESSES IN THE NEW ORLEANS STUDY AREA
1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Par tic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Type of Industry Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Oil Refining 31,900 3,200 4,300 11 ,000 2,200
Grain Elevators -- 26,800 -- -- --
Chemical Process
Industry 20,500 1,800 11 ,000 43,100 --
Asphalt Plants -- 1,050 -- -- --
Metals 4,000 10,200 -- -- --
Cement -- 150 -- -- --
Sugar -- 1,900 -- -- --
Other -- 2 ,100 -- -- --
TOTAL 56,400 47,200 15,300 54,100 2,200
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EMISSIONS BY JURISDICTION
In order to determine which counties are significant from an
air pollution standpoint, emissions have been summarized for each
of the six parishes.
Table 12 through Table 17 present the summary
of emissions for each parish.
The air pollutant emissions are far greater in Orleans and
Jefferson parishes than in any of the other four parishes.
This
is due to the high population density and heavier industrialization
in these areas. Of the total Study Area emissions Jefferson and
Orleans account for:
32% of the
44% of the
84% of the
67% of the
67% of the
SOx
Particulates
CO
HC
NOx
St. Bernard and St. Charles parishes have high emission rates
in the industrial process category due to a few large sources rather
than a multitude of smaller ones.
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Sour
Tran
Fuel
Stat
In
Soli
Mu
Indu
Evap
Mo
TO'l!A
TABLE 12
JEFFERSON PARISH SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT
EMISSIONS, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partie - Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
ce Category Oxides u1ates Honoxide carb ons Oxides
sportation
tor Vehicles 610 1,030 131,400 10,340 7,450
her 2,320 2,210 4,150 2,870 4,290
b-Tota1 2,930 3,240 135,450 13,210 11 ,740
Combustion in
-Lonary Sources
.:Ius trial N 150 N N 1,800
:!am-E1ectric N 120 N N 3,120
3identia1 N 60 N N 380
nmercia1 and
stitutiona1 N 20 N N 110
1) -Total N 350 N N 5,410
d Waste
nicipa1 Inc. 80 360 80 30 170
..Site Inc. 50 270 2,420 40 110
en Burning 70 1,160 6,140 2,170 800
I)-Total 200 1,790 8,640 2,240 1,080
';tria1 Process 11~ 000 6,770 11 , 100 25,000 --
Jrative Losses
tor Vehicles -- -- -- 6,600 --
her ..
-- -- -- -- --
L 14,130 12,150 155,190 47,050 18,230
Mo
Ot
Su
St
Re
Co
In
Su
On
Op
Su
Ot
N=N€gligible
-------
~t ..
TABLE 13
ORLEANS PARISH SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT.
EMISSIONS, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur I?artic - Carbon Hydro - Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides n1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Motor Vehicles 800 1,340 171,300 13,500 9,720
Other 3,070 2,420 14,940 5,230 5,560
Sub-Total 3,870 3,760 186,240. 18,730 15,280
- -
Fuel Combustion in
Stationary Sources
In:Iustria1 10 240 .DO N 2,830
St=am-Electric 20 310 N N 8,140
Residential N 140 N N 830
Co.nmercia1 and
Ir.s ti tutional N 50 N N 320
SU) -Total 30 740 10 N 12,120
--
SolLI Waste
Mu 1icipa1 Inc. 200 2,180 200 60 400
On-Site Inc. 40 250 2,300 30 110
Open Burning 180 2,780 14,800 5~230 1 ~ 920
Sub-Total 420 5,210 17,300 5,320 2,430
Indu;tria1 Process -- 7,230 -- -- --
-
Evap>rative Losses
MOI:or Vehicles -- -- -- 8,580 --
Ot.:ler -- -- -- -- --
-
TOTAL .'4,320 16,940 203,550 32,630 29,830
N=NEgligib1e
-------
TABLE 14
ST. BERNARD PARISH SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT
EMISSIONS, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
SuI fur Partic - Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Som'ce Ca tegory Oxides .11ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Mlltor Vehicles 70 120 15,100 1,190 860
Other 570 410 210 470 860
Sub-Total 640 530 15,310 1,660 1 ,720
Fue:l Combustion in
Stationary Sources
I1.dustria1 10 580 10 N 6,870
Steam-Electric -- -- -- -- --
R(~sidential N 10 N N 60
Ccmmercia1 and
Institutional N N N N 10
Sub -Total 10 590 10 N 6,940
-
Sob d Haste
Ml'nicipal Inc. 10 30 10 N 10
On-Site Inc. N 10 110 N 10
Open Burning 10 120 640 220 80
Sub-Total 20 160 760 220 100
-.
Indl~strial Process 16,,~00 , 11, 8@0 1,700 4,000 800
_.
F.var,orative Losses
Mc,tor Vehicles -- -- -- 760 --
Other -- -- -- -- --
T01!AL 17,270 13 ,080 17,780 6,640 9,560
N=NI:gligible
-------
TABLE 15
ST. CHARLES PARISH SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTA'I T
EMISSIONS, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partic - Carbon Hyd]"o - Nitrogen
Som ce Ca t egory Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
-
Transportation
Motor Vehicles 50 80. 10,380 820 590
Ot.her 1,550 1,120. 570 1,280 2,350
Sub-Total 1,600 1,200 10,950 2,100 2,940
--
Fuel Combustion in
Stationary Sources
Itjdustria1 10 290 10. N 3,400
Steam-Electric -- -- -- -- --
REsidential ~\:N N N N 30
Commercial and
Institutional N N N N 10
Sub -Total 10 290 10 N 3,440
-
Soli d Waste
Municipal Inc. -- -- -- -- --
Or,-Site Inc. 10 30 280 10 10
0r.~n Burning N 90 480 170 60
Sub-Total 10 120 760 180 70
-
Industrial Process 28 , 700 15,930 2,500 24,900 1,380
-
Evaporative Losses
Motor Vehicles -- -- -- 520 --
Other -- -- -- -- --
_.
T01!AL 30,320 17,540 14,220 27,700 7,830
-
N=Npgligib1e
-------
TABLE 16
ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST PARISH SUMMARY OF AIR
POLLUTANT EMISSIONS, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partic - Carbon HydlO- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides ulates Monoxide carl.ons Oxides
Transportation
MCltor Vehicles 40 60 8,100 640 460
Other 1,290 940 470 1,070 1,970
S\: b -Total 1,330) 1,000 8,570 1,710 2,430
- - -
Fuel Combustion in
Stationary Sources
Irdustria1 N 120 N N 1 ,400
Steam-Electric -- -- ' -- -- --
REsidential N N N N 30
Commercial and
Institutional N N N N 10
Sub -Total N 120 N N 1,440
-
So li:i Was te
Municipal Inc. -- -- -- -- --
On-Site Inc. 10 30 270 N 10
"Open Burning N 70 370 130 50
S\:b-Tota1 10 100 640 130 60
-
Indu;;trial Process HDO 4,570 -- 200 --
- -
Evaporative Losses
Ho:::or Vehicles -- -- -- 400 --
Other -- -- -- -- --
-
T01!AL 1,440 5,790 9,210 2,440 3,930
N=Nc gligible
-------
TAmLE 17
ST. TAMMANY PARISH SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT
EMISSIONS, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
SuI fur Partie - Carbon Hydro - Nitrogen
Sour ce Category Oxides 1l1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
-
Transportation
Motor Vehicles 120 210 26 , 720 2,110 1,520
Other N N N N N
Sub-Total 120 210 26,720 2,110 1,520
FueJ Combustion in
Stationary Sources
Ir.dustrial N N N N 50
Steam-Electric -- -- -- -- --
Residential N 10 N N 50
Cc.mnercial and
IfJlititutiona1 N N N N 20
Sub -Total N 10 N N 120
-
Soli:! Waste
Municipal Inc. -- -- -- -- --
On -Site Inc. 10 40 390 10 20
Orcn Burning 10 120 640 230 80
Sub-Total 20 160 1,030 240 100
Industrial Process -- 1,000 -- -- --
-
Evaporative Losses
Mo::or Vehicles -- -- -- 1,340 --
Ot"ler -- -- -- -- --
O'I'AL 140 1,380 27,750: 3,690 1,740
T
N=NEgligible
-------
EMISSIONS BY GRID
~
v
Emissions from large fuel users, process sources, open burning
dumps, airports, etc., are presented in Table 18 and located in
Figure 4. These are totaled by grid and added to area sources to
arrive at the figures presented in Table 19. Area sources include res-
idential home heating, small commercial and industrial fuel users, mobile
sources such as cars, trucks, trains, vessels etc. and open burning.
-------
740°°°
D POWER PLANT
O AIRPORT
• INDUSTRIAL
A SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
3390000
mijtes
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
326000°
780°°°
32QOOO
-------
G
c
TABLE 18
SUMMARY OF POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS FOR THE NEW ORLEANS STUDY AREA,
1968 (TONS/DAY)
Source Category Grid HC VC SOx PART. -CO HC NOx
Industrial 6 7552 33151 13.82
Industrial 6 7560 33150 19.75
Industrial 6 7598 33149 2.12
Industrial 12 8190 33190 0.04 0.54
Municipal Inc. 13 7687 33195 0.19 1.14 0.19 0.06 0.34
Industrial 13 7630 33174 30.14 0.40 30.15 43.83
Industrial 13 7623 33190 0.25 0.35 0.16 0.07
Open Dump 14 7728 33120 0.09 1.50 5.74 1.06 0.18
Open Dump 15 7750 33105 0.01 0.17 0.65 0.12 0.02
Industrial 15 7773 33114 0.82 24.65
Steam-Electric 15 7755 33163 0.33 8.55
Industrial 15 7780 33125 13.52
Industrial 17 7753 33152 16.70
Municipal Inc. 18 7813 33140 0.14 2.33 0.14 0.04 0.27
Open Dump 19 7856 33143 0.10 1. 75 6.68 1. 23 0.21
Municipal Inc. 19 7856 33143 0.05 0.33 0.05 0.02 0.11
Industrial 19 7860 33250 2.47
Steam-Electric 19 7834 33150 0.09 2.51
Industrial 20 7827 33127 0.30 0.01 0.50
Industrial 21 7827 33172 0.85 2.66
Industrial 21 7867 33197 0.05 0.62
Open Dump 21 7892 33198 0.29 4.98 19.00 3.51 0.59
-------
SUMMARY OF POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS (cont.)
Source Category Grid HC VC SOx PART. CO HC NOx
Industrial 21 7890 33170 3.86
Industrial 21 7893 33166 0.08 0.92
Open Dump 22 7940 33197 0.02 0.31 1.20 0.22 0.04
Industrial 22 7915 33155 10.98 28.65 0.03 15.00
Industrial 22 7955 33155 4.50 0.19 0.62 1.92 0.73
Industrial 22 7920 33154 30.00 1.06 4.00 8.94 3.83
Industrial 25 7232 33258 0.01 0.26 0.01 0.01 3.75
Industrial 26 7360 33260 2.03
Industrial 26 7317 33267 1.99
Industrial 26 7389 33267 0.27 0.55
Industria 1 26 7336 33274 1.18
Industrial 26 7330 33272 7.31
Industrial 27 7462 33205 3.29 28.50
Industrial 27 7500 33220 52.60 7.67 6.85 19.20 3.78
Industrial 27 7462 33205 22.50 0.28
Industrial 28 7500 33220 0.13 0.14 20.55 1.61
Airport 29 7640 33210 1.15 8.80 2.17 1. 24
Municipal Inc. 34 7845 33208 0.11 1.86 0.11 0.03 0.22
Industrial 35 7869 33233 0.90
Industrial 37 7864 33252 1.27
Airport 37 7875 33270 0.22 37.61 6.93 1.58
Steam-Electric 38 7953 33235 0.02 0.60 15.52
Steam-Electric 38 7869 33233 0.06 0.16 4.27
Municipal Inc. 38 7928 33240 0.25 1.47 0.25 0.07 0.49
Industrial 47 8040 33950 2.74
-------
G
<-
TABLE 19 SUMMARY OF TOTAL AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS BY GRID AND SEASON FOR THE NEW ORLEANS STUDY AREA
1968 (TONS/DAY)
Are2 SOx PART. CO HC :
-------
TABLE 19 SL'MHARY OF TOTAL AIR POLWTANT EMISSIONS (cont.)
(mi 2) SOx PART. CO HC NOx
Grid S W A S W A S W A S W A S W A
23 154 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.33 0.33 0.33 28.33 27.77 28.05 3.66 3.59 3.62 1. 72 1. 73 1. 72
24 617 0.46 0.45 0.46 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02
25 20 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.08 1.08 1.08 2.68 2.64 2.66 1.18 1.18 1.18 5.43 5.45 5.43
26 38.6 1.87 1.87 1.87 13.82 13.82 13.82 12.74 12.51 12.63 3.13 3.40 3.42 3.04 3.08 3.07
27 38.6 80.60 80.60 80.60 9.66 9.66 9.66 17.07 16.89 16.98 51. 73 51. 71 51. 72 7.61 7.64 7.63
28 38.6 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.28 0.28 0.28 9.56 9.38 9.47 22.80 22.78 22.79 2.16 2.18 2.17
29 38.6 0.11 0.11 0.11 2.07 2.09 2.08 26.94 26.64 26.79 4.72 4.68 4.70 2.36 2.48 2.46
30 9.65 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.72 0.73 0.73 22.23 21.83 22.03 3.03 2.98 3.01 1.50 1.53 1.53
31 9.65 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.97 1.00 0.99 35.46 34.81 35.14 4.94 4.86 4.90 2.65 2.85 2.79
32 9.65
33 9.65
34 9.65 0.34 0.34 0.34 2.85 2.91 2.88 35.57 34.62 35.25 4.97 4.89 4.93 3.08 3.43 3.25
35 9,65 0.13 0.13 0.13 1.94 1.96 1.95 21.58 21. 20 21.39 3.15 3.10 3.12 6.06 6.19 6.12
36 9.65
37 9.65 1.50 1.50 1.50 39.39 39.36 39.37 7.16 7.15 7.15 1.68 1.68 1.68
38 38.6 0.82 0.81 0.81 3.38 3.38 3.38 90.69 88.90 89.80 12.74 12.49 12.61 24.28 24.30 24.28
39 80 0.07 0.07 0.07 1.00 0.98 0.99 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.05
40 154 0.08 0.08 0.08 1.61 1.62 1.61 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.09 0.10 0.09
41 154
42 154 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.10 13.80 13.53 13.67 1. 78 1. 74 1. 76 0.78 0.79 0.79
43 154 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.10 13.80. 13.53 13.67 1. 78 1. 74 1,76 0.78 0.79 0.74
44 30
45 30
46 617 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.86 0.88 0.87 62.36 61.15 61. 76 8.16 8.01 8.08 3.61 3.71 3.65
47 300 0.08 0.06 0.06 3.09 3.09 3.09 14.23 13 .97 14.13 1.86 1.83 1.85 0.83 0.85 0.84
-------
EMISSION DENSITIES BY GRID
Emission densities on a grid basis were obtained by summing the
annual area and point source emissions for each grid.
This total,
divided by the grid area, gives an emission density in tons per square
mile per average day. Figures 5 through 9 present the emission density
maps for the five surveyed pollutants. It is difficult to arrive at
any valid conclusions from the emission density maps alone. For this
reason, when they are analyzed, the detailed map of the Study Area,
the point source location map and the population density map should
also be considered.
w
- 41 -
,
-------
3390°°°
SULFUR OXIDE EMISSIONS,
ton/m -
3260000
780°00 820°°°
-------
3390°°°
740°°°
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS,
ton/mi ^-
326000°
0 - 0.01
0.01 - 0.10
0.10 - 0.30
0.30 - 0.80
0.80 - 2.00
780000
32QOOO
-------
3390°°°
740°°°
HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS,
ton/mi 2-day
3260000
D
0 - 0.01
0.01 - 0.10
0.10 -0.50
0.50 - 1.00
1.00 - 2.00
780000 820000
-------
3390
000
740
NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS,
ton/m i -day
3260 °°°
860°°°
m
0 - 0.01
0.01 - 0.05
0.05 - 0.20
0.20 - 0.70
0.70 - 1.50
780°°° 820°°°
-------
REFERENCES
1.
Ozolins, Guntis and Raymond Smith, Rapid Survey Technique for
Estimating Community Air pollution Emissions, DHEW, PHS9
October, 1966.
2.
Duprey, R. L., Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
United States, DHEW, PHS, 1968.
3.
County and City Data Book 1967, United States Department of
Commerce, April, 1967.
4.
Ozolins, ~. cit., pp. 43-45.
5.
Retail Trade Special Report, Census of Business, United States
Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census 1963.
6.
Highway Statistics/1967, United States Department of Transpor-
tation, Federal Highway Administration, Bureau of Public Roads.
------- |