SALT LAKE CITY - PROVO - OGDEN
METROPOLITAN AREA
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The APTD (Air Pollution Technical Data) series of reports is issued by
the Office of Air Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, to report
Technical data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies of
APTD reports are available free of charge to Federal employees, current
contractors and grantees, and nonprofit organizations - as supplies
permit - from the Office of Technical Information and Publications,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711 or from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151.
Office of Air Programs Publication No. APTD-0830
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SALT LAKE CITY, PROVO, AND OGDEN METROPOLITAN
AREA AIR POLLUTANT EMISSION INVENTORY
Prepared by
David V. Mason
U. S.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Environmental Health Service
c>
'--
National Air Pollution Control Administration
Division of Air Quality and Emission Data
Durham, North Carolina
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PREFACE
This report, which presents the emission inventory for the Salt Lake
City Metropolitan Area, is another in a series of surveys outlining the
sources and emissions of air pollutants for major metropolitan areas in
the country.
These surveys, conducted by the National Inventory of Air
Pollutant Emissions and Control Branch of the National Air Pollution
Control Administration, provide estimates of the present levels of air
pollutant emissions and status of their control. The pollutants, which
include sulfur oxides, particulates, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and
nitrogen oxides, are deliniated with respect to source type, season of
the year and geographical distribution within the area. The general
procedure for the surveys is based upon the rapid survey technique for
estimatipg air pollutant emissions.1 These reports are intended to
serve as aids in the proposing of boundaries of Air Quality Control
Regions, as directed by the Air Quality Act of 1967.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Sincere gratitude is extended by the National Air Pollution Control
Administration to the many individuals and companies who contributed to
this air pollution emission inventory.
Special thanks are extended to Grant S. Winn, Director and Casper
A. Nelson of the Air Pollution Section of the Utah State Division of
Health, who contributed invaluable assistance in the gathering of data
for this report.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction.......
.... ............ .......
............ .... .......
Page
1
..
Summary of Results.
Description of Study Area.
. . . . . . .
,...............
......,....
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3
5
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Grid Coordina te Sys tern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emissions by Category.................
Fuel
. . . . . . . .. 12
Stationary
Steam-Electric.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ." 15
Cornbu s t i on" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15
15
Industrial[[[ 15
Re sid en t i a 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16
Commercial-Institutional. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
Transporta tion. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21
Road Vehicles................................................ 22
Ai rcra ft. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
. .................. .........
Ra i 1 roads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27
. . . . . . . . . . . ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. . . ,. . ,. ,... 27
,. ,. . . . ,. . . . . ,. ,. ,. ,. ,. ,. ,. . . . ,. ,. . . . . ,. . ,. ,. ,. .. 28
.,.,.,..,........,....,......,........... 31
. . ,. . . . . . . . . . . . ,. . . . . ,. . ,. . ,. ,. . ,. . . . . . . ,. . . . . . 34
Gr i d. ,. . ,. . ~ ,. ,. ,. ,. . . ,. ,. ,. . ,. . ,. ,. . ,. ,. . ,. . . . ,. . . ,. ,. . . ,. ,. . . . ,. . . ,. ,. . . ,. 42
References..,.,.. ...,.............,......,.........,...,.......,. .,.,...,..,. 54
Solid Waste Disposal.
Industrial Process
Losses.
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Table
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
LIST OF TABLES
1
2
3
4
5
6
Summary of Air Pollutant Emission in Study Area............
Area and Population Characteristics for Study Area.........
Number of Industrial Establishments in Study Area.. ........
Annual Fuel Consumption for Study Area.....................
Chemical Analysis of Fuel Burned in Study Area.............
Air Pollutant Emissions from Fuel Combustion in
Sta tionary Sources.........................................
7
8
Vehicle Miles of Travel for Road Vehicles..................
Air Traffic Activity at Salt Lake City
International Airport and Hill Air Force Base..............
Air Pollutant Emissions from Transportation Sources........
Solid Waste Disposal Balance...............................
Air Pollutant Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal..........
Air Pollutant Emissions from Industrial Processes..........
Hydrocarbon Emissions from Evaporative Losses..............
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in Box Elder County.....
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in Cache Coun ty . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in Davi s Coun ty. . . . . . . . .
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in Salt Lake Coun ty . . . . .
. Summary of Air"Pollutant Emissions'in Tooele County........
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in Utah County..........
. Summary of Air ~ Pollutant..Emissions, in Weber County.........
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions from Point Sources......
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions from All Sources........
Page
4
8
11
17
18
19
23
25
26
29
30
32
33
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
44
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" Figure
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
tJ
LIST OF FIGURES
Map of Salt Lake City, Provo and Ogden Stumy Area
and Surrounding States...................................
Detailed Map of Salt Lake City, Provo and Ogden
Study Area...............................................
Population Density Map of Salt Lake City, Provo
and Ogden Study Area.............................. . . . . . . .
Grid Coordinate System for Salt Lake City, Provo
and Ogden Study Area.....................................
Point Source Locations...................................
Sulfur Oxides Emissions Density Map......................
Particu la te Emission Densi ty Map....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carbon Monoxide Emission Density Map.....................
Hydrocarbon Emission Density Map.........................
Nitrogen Oxide Emission Density Map......................
Page
6
7
9
13
43
49
50
51
52
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INTRODUCTION
This report is a summary of the Salt Lake City area air pollutant
emission inventory conducted in August, 1969. Since all inventories
are based upon a calendar year, the data and emission estimates presented
are representative of 1968 and should be considered as indicating the
conditions as existed during that year.
The Study Area, which was chosen on the basis of the distribution
of population and air pollution sources, consists of seven counties
surrounding the cities of Salt Lake City, Provo and Ogden. This area
covers approximately 11,800 square miles and had a 1968 population of
910,000.
A grid coordinate system was used to show the geographical distri-
bution of emissions within counties. The Study Area was subdivided
into 51 grid zones ranging in size from 25 square kilometers in the
heavily populated and industrialized areas to 400 square kilometers
in the rural areas.
All sources of emissions were classified into five categories--
transportation, stationary fuel combustion, solid-waste disposal,
industrial processes and evaporative losses.
Each of these source
categories was divided into two subgroups--point sources and area sources.
Facilities, which emit large quantities of air pollutants, were considered
individually as point sources, while the many remaining contributors
such as motor vehicles, residential and commercial fuel users, small
industries and on-site refuse burning equipment were considered
collectively as area sources.
For this report, 31 individual sources,
which had emissions greater than 0.25 tons per average annual day for
any pollutant, were classified as point sources.
'-
Emissions were estimated by using various indicators such as fuel
consumption, refuse burning rates, vehic1e~i1es, production data,
control efficiencies and emission factors relating these indicators to
. . 2
em1SS1on rates.
These factors represent average emission rates for
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a particular source category.
Since individaul sources have inherent
differences that cannot always be taken into consideration, discrepancies
between the actual and estimated emissions are more likely in individual
sources than in the total emissions for a source category.
As in all emission surveys, the data presented are estimates
and should not be interpreted as absolute values.
The estimates are,
in some cases, partial totals due to the lack of emission factors and
production or consumption data. Despite these limitations, the estimates
are of sufficient accuracy and validity to define the extent and
distribution of air pollutant emissions in the Study Area.
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SUMMARY
An estimated 0.7 million tons of five major pollutants are emitted annually
in the Study Area. The breakdown of these emissions by type of pollutant
and source category are summarized in Table 1. The following is a presen-
tation of the relative contribution of different source categories.
l:
Sulfur Oxides
Particulates
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
.,
1968 Total - 260,300 tons
Industrial Processes 89%
Steam Electric 4%
Industrial Fuel Use 3%
Other 4%
1968 Total - 60,500 tons
Industrial Processes 61%
Solid Waste Disposal 16%
Stationary Fuel Use 14%
Transportation 9%
1968 Total - 290,200 tons
Road Vehicles 64%
Solid Waste Disposal 16%
Industrial Processes 15%
Other 5%
1968 Total - 54,000 tons
Road Vehicles 28%
Solid Waste Disposal 25%
Evaporative Losses 21%
Industrial Processes 12%
Aircraft & Railroads 9%
Other 5%
1968 Total - 48,800 tons
Industrial Fuel Use 28%
Road Vehicles 23%
Aircraft & Railroads 16%
Solid Waste Disposal 11%
Steam Electric 10%
Other 12%
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TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN THE SALT LAKE
CITY, PROVO, AND OGDEN STUDY AREA, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partie - Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Road Vehicles 1,000 1,800 185,400 15,000 11 ,200
Other 2,800 3,800 10,300 6,100 7,900
Totals 3,800 5,600 195,700 21,100 19,100
Fuel Combustion in
Stationary Sources
Industry 8,900 2,200 100 100 13,400
Steam-Electric 10,700 1,500 0 100 4,900
Residential 900 700 1,300 300 2,200
Connnercial-
Institutional 2,700 3,900 5,500 1,100 2,800
Tota 18 23,200 8,300 6,900 1,600 23,300
Solid Waste Disposal
Incineration 500 2,600 7,900 200 600
Open Burning 400 7,100 37,600 13,300 4,900
Totals 900 9,700 45,500 13,500 5,500
Industrial Processes 232,400 36,900 42,100 6,500 900
Evaporative Losses 11 ,300
STUDY AREA 260,300 60,500 290,200 54,000 48,800
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DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
c:
The Study Area for the Salt Lake City, Provo, and Ogden Metropolitan
Area Air Pollutant Emission Inventory covers the northwest corner
of the State of Utah.
As can be seen in Figure 1, the Study Area is a
considerable distance from other metropolitan areas.
The seven counties included in the Study Area (Figure 2) are: Box
Elder County, Cache County, Davis County, Salt Lake County, Tooele County,
Utah County, and Weber County. Four of the counties are in designated
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA). These SMSA's include:
Salt Lake City SMSA (Salt Lake County and Davis County), Provo SMSA
(Utah County), and Ogden SMSA (Weber County). Box Elder County, Cache
County and Tooele County were included to insure that all counties which
may have a high rate of growth in furture years are in the Study Area.
The approximate 1968 population for the Study Area was 910,000.
Although the area is 11,800 square miles, the majority of the people live
in an urbanized area of only 240
square miles (1960).
Table 2, which gives
populations by county, and Figure 3, which is a population density map, show
that most of this urbanized area is in Fulton County. The population in the
seven county area has increased at a quicker pace than in the nation as a
whole. Between 1960 and 1968, the nation's population increased 10.9
percent, and the Salt Lake City Study Area increased 17.4 percent.
TOPOGRAPHY
The Study Area is made up of a series of valleys which lie along the
west base of the Wasatch Mountains. The populated sections of the Study
Area lie in these valleys which make up an area about 100 miles long and
10 miles wide between two natural boundaries. To the east, only a few
..;
miles from Salt Lake City, the Wasatch Mountains rise 4,000 to 6,000 feet.
To the west lie Great Salt Lake, Utah Lake and the Great Salt Lake Desert.
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IDAHO
Boise City
Denver
COLORADO
SALT LAKE CITY,
PROVO, AND
STUDY AREA
ARIZONA
Phoenix
Albuquerque
NEW MEXICO
0 100' 200
"t
miles
Figure 1. Map of Salt Lake City, Provo. and Ogden study area and surrounding states.
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BOX EIDER COUNTY
'V,
C—
I
Figure 2. Detailed map of the Salt Lake City, Provo, and Ogden study area.
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TABLE 2
AREA AND POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE SALT I~
CITY, PROVO, AND OGDEN STUDY AREA
'"
Land Area Population Population
County (sq. mi.) 1960 1968 Density (1968)
Box Elder County 5,627 25,061 29,100 5
Cache County 1,174 35,788 43,800 37
Davis County 297 64,760 95,300 321
Salt Lake County 1,023 383,035 457,700 447
Tooe1a County 6,923 17,868 22,300 3
Utah County 2,014 106,991 133,800 66
Weber County 581 110,744 127,500 219
STUDY AREA 17,639 774,247 909,500 52
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8 K 2
! f ^'""TirMf rr
BOX EIDER COUNTY
~'CV3~
POPULATION DENSITY
people/mi^
1
UTAH COUNTY^
Figure 3. Population density map for the Salt Lake City, Provo, and Ogden study area.
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CLIMATOLOGY
The Salt Lake City are is considered a semi-arid continental climate
with four well-defined seasons. Summers are characterized by hot, dry
weather with maximum reading most days in the nineties.
Winters are cold,
:;.
but usually not severe.
Aside from the altitude and the Great Salt Lake, the most influential
natural condition affecting the climate is the Wasatch Mountains. Due to
the proximity of the mountain range, about five inches more precipitation
per year can be expected along the eastern edge of the Study Area than over
the valley a few miles to the west.
INDUSTRIAL FACTORS
The Study Area has a variety of industry, as can be seen in Table 3.
The heavy industry in the Study Area comprises one steel mill, four large
oil refineries and several smelters.
Also included in the Study Area
are foundries, woodworking facilities, concrete batching plants, brick
manufacturers, chemical plants, asphaltic concrete batch plants and paint
manufacturers.
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TABLE 3
NUMBER OF INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE SALT LAKE
CITY, PROVO, AND OGDEN STUDY AREA, 1960
L
Box Elder Cache Davi s Salt Lake Tooele Utah Weber
County County County County County County County
Food and Tobacco 2 8 6 47 4 23
Textiles 2 2 8 4 3
Paper and Printing 1 1 1 19 2 4
Chemicals 1 3 12 1 3 1
Lumber and Wood 15 2
Stone and Gravel 2 1 16 2 6 5
Primary and Inter-
mediate Metals 1 31 2 10 4
Electrical Machinery -- 1 1 18 1 3
Transportation and
Ordinance 1 1 1 5 1 1 1
Instruments and
Miscellaneous 9 3
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GRID COORDINATE SYSTEM
A grid coordinate system, based on the Universal Transverse Mercator
Projection (UTM), was used in the Salt Lake City Study Area to indicate
the geographical distribution of emissions. A map showing the grid
coordinate system is presented in Figure 4.
An evaluation of the available coordinate systems was completed
before choosing the UTM system to present emissions in this~ries of
emission inventories. The systems evaluated were the State Plane system,
the Longitude-Latitude system and the UTM system. Although each of the
systems had valuable qualities, the use of the UTM coordinate system
was felt to completely meet the requirements of these emission inventories.
Two primary requirements of the grid coordinate system were used to
evaluate each system. One of the requirements was that the grid coordinate
system had to have square grid zones, since the data were to be used
in meteorological dispersion models. The grid zones, which the UTM
,system and most of the State Plane systems project, are always square,
but the longitude-latitude system projects grid zones that become skewed
as the zones become further from the equator.
The other quality the
grid coordinate system had to possess was consistency. Each emission
inventory should be conducted on a grid coordinate system which uses
the same reference point throughout the Study Area. Since some air
pollutant inventories would include areas in two or more states, the
State Plane systems could not be used. However, since the UTM system,
as well as the longitude-latitude system, is not referenced to points
in individual states, it is not influenced by jurisdiction boundaries.
The UTM system was chosen since it was the only coordinate system which
could project square grid zones over any Study Area using a common
reference point.
The Universal Transverse Mercator Projection is based upon the
metric system. Each north-south and east-west grid lines, as illustrated
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Figure 4. Grid coordinate system for the Salt Lake City, Provo, and Ogden study area.
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in Figure 4, is identified by a coordinate number expressed in meters.
Each point source and grid, using the geogrpahica1 center of the grid,
is identified by a horizontal and vertical coordinate to the nearest
100 meters.
Grid zones of different sizes are usen in the grid coordinate
system to allow a satisfactory definition of the geographical gradation
of emissions and to limit the number of grid zones. Since majority of
the emissions is u~ua11y concentrated in the populated and industrialized
portions of a Study Area, smaller grids are placed over these areas to
allow the grid coordinate system to reflect the changes of emissions
over short distances. Grid zones smaller than the 25 kilometer grid
zones used in this report are not usually warranted because of the
inherent inaccuracies in the data. Larger grid zones are used in the
rural portions, because a smaller portion of the total emissions usually
occurs in lightly populated areas.
or
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STATIONARY FUEL COMBUSTION
~
The stationary fuel combustion source category is concerned with four
primary sources: industrial facilities, steam-electric plants, residential
housing, and commercial and institutional establishments. Four fuels
are usually burned in these sources: coal, residual fuel oil, distillate
fuel oil and natural gas. Other fuels such as woodwaste and LPG are also
included if there is a sufficient amount being burned.
Steam-Electric
METHODOLOGY: Fuel consumption data were acquired from the various
power companies in the Study Area by the State Air Pollution Section
through personal communications. Data received on seven power plants
included the monthly fuel consumption for 1968, type and efficiency of
control equipment, sulfur and ash content of the fuel, and the type of
furnace, if coal wes being burned.
RESULTS: Steam-electric power plants in the Study Area burn four
fuels: residual fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, natural gas and coal.
Although most of the smaller power plants burn coal, 92 percent of the
energy generated comes from natural gas and fuel oil. The one large
power plant located in Salt Lake County consumes 100 percent of the
residual fuel oil and 90 percent of the natural gas.
The sulfur oxide emissions, particulate emissions and nitrogen
oxide emissions are the major pollutants caused by steam-electric power
plants. Power plants account for 46 percent of the sulfur oxides, 18
percent of the particuEtes and 21 percent of the nitrogen oxides emitted
by stationary fuel combustion.
Industry
METHODOLOGY: Fuel consumption data were obtained for more than 75
large industries in the Study Area. Although some of this data were
received from fuel associations, most of the data were obtained by the
State Air Quality Section by personally contacting each company.
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In order to approximate the balance of the fuel being burned in the
Study Area, the following fuel associations and fuel dealers were asked
to supply total industrial fuel consumption by county: the Utah-Wyoming
Coal Association, the UtahPetrole4m Council, and the Mountain Fuel
Supply Company.
It should be noted that fuel combustion by industries includes both
f~el used for space heating, which varies from season to season, and fuel
used for process heating, which is considered constant all year around.
The individual sources were asked to differenti~te between fuel used for
process and fuel used for space heating. A national average was used to
delineate process heating from space heating in the area sources.
RESULTS: Five fuels are burned by industry in the. Study Area: residual
fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, natural gas, refinery gas and coal.
Residual fuel oil and natural gas, the most significant fuels, together
generate approximately 90 percent of the energy used by industry. Table 4
shows the approximate consumption of these fuels by county.
The large quantities of residual fuel oil and natural gas burned by
industry attribute to the larger amounts of sulfur oxides and nitrogen
oxides being emitted than the other three pollutants (Table 6). Fuel
consumption by industries accounts for 64 percent of the nitrogen oxides
and 25 percent of the sulfur oxides emitted by stationary fuel combustion.
Industry emits lesser proportions of the other three pollutants.
Residen tial
METHODOLOGY: Natural gas consumption data received from the Mountain
Fuel Supply Company included both residential and commercial usage in the
same category. A mathematical method of calculating residential fuel
consumption, which uses the number of housing units burning gas, was used
11
to separate the two categories. The number of housing units burning natural
3
gas in 1968 was obtained by increasing the 1960 county totals by the same
percent the sales increased in the Mountain Fuel Supply Company's residential-
commercial category.
./
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TABLE 4
ANNUAL FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR THE SALT LAKE CITY,
PROVO, AND OGDEN STUDY AREA, 1968
Commercia1- Steam-Electric
County Industrial Institutional Residential Utilities
~ Natgral Gas
(10 cu.ft./yr.)
Box Elder County 800 400 700 0
Cache County 1,300 500 1,300 0
Davis County 3,700 4,800 3,500 100
Salt Lake County 25,500 13,200 17,400 5,800
Tooele County 1,000 800 600 0
Utah County 19,200 2,400 4,500 500
Weber County 2,500 2,800 4,600 0
Total 54,000 24,900 32,600 6,400
Distillate Fuel Oil
(1000 gal./yr.)
Box Elder County 0 200 400 0
Cache County 0 200 700 0
Davis County 0 200 800 100
Salt Lake County 1,800 1,700 5,100 100
Tooele County 0 200 600 0
Utah County 1,600 2,600 4,100 0
Weber County 0 400 1,200 0
Total 3,400 5,500 12,900 200
Residual Fuel Oil
(1000 gal./yr.)
Box Elder County 0 0 0 0
Cache County 100 0 0 0
Davis County 2,700 0 0 0
Salt Lake County 13,500 0 0 59,700
Tooele County 0 100 0 0
Utah County 27,000 0 0 0
Weber County 100' 0 0 0
Total 43,400 100 0 59,700
Coal
(tons/year)
Box Elder County 0 18,000 4,700 0
"-' Cache County 0 25,000 7,400 0
Davis County 0 16,000 2,600 16,500
Salt Lake County 23,000 84,000 19,700 24,800
'Tooele County 0 5,400 600 0
Utah,County 3,000 52,000 10,000 16,700
Weber County 0 21,000 6,600 0
Total 26,000 221,400 51,600 58,000
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TABLE 5
Coal
Residual Fuel Oil
Distillate Fuel Oil
Natural Gas
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FUELS BURNED IN THE SALT LAKE
CITY, PROVO, AND OGDEN STUDY AREA
..
Percent
Su 1 fur
Percent
Ash
Percent
Volatile
0.6
2.09
0.32
0.0008
7.1
41.2
""
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TABLE 6
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION IN
STATIONARY SOURCES IN THE SALT LAKE CITY, PROVO AND
OGDEN STUDY AREA, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
G
Su lfur Partic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Natural Gas
Industrial 0 1,000 0 0 11 ,400
Steam-Electric 0 0 0 0 1,300
Residential 0 300 0 0 1,900
Commercial-
Institutional 0 200 0 0 1,400
Total 0 1,500 0 0 16,000
Fuel Oil
Industrial 4,400 500 0 0 1,700
Steam-Electric 10,000 300 0 100 3,100
Residential 300 100 0 0 100
Commercial-
Institutional 200 0 0 0 200
Total 14,900 900 0 100 5,100
Coal
Industrial 300 700 0 0 300
Steam-Electric 700 1,200 0 0 600
Residential 600 400 1,300 300 200
Commercial-
Institutional 2,500 3,600 5,500 1,100 900
Total 4,100 5,900 6,800 1,400 2,000
STUDY AREA 19,000 8,100 6,800 1,500 21,100
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"
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Accurate oil consumption data on residential users were not available
from any companies or associations.
It was assumed that all the distillate
oil sold in counties, which had been obtained from the Utah Petroleum
Council, was being burned in residential or commercial sources. This
did not include that distillate oil already assigned to individual indust-
rial sources.
Based upon past inventories, it was estimated that residen-
tisl usage was three times that of commercial usage.
Coal consumption was obtained in much the same manner natural gas
consumption was.
The same mathematical method was used.
The number of
housing units burning coal in 1968 was determined by assuming a decrease
of 50 percent had occurred since 1960.
Fuel burned in homes is used for more than just space heating. A
certain portion of the fuel is used for such heating purposes as cooking
and hot water-heating,i,which remain constant throughout the year. It was
estimated that fifteen percent of the n~tural gas,S percent of the oil
and two percent of the coal was used for these purposes.
RESULTS: Natural gas is the major fuel used to heat homes in the
Salt Lake City, Provo and Ogden Study Area.
home heating energy comes from natural gas.
burned in the rural areas of the Study Area.
Emissions caused by residential fuel combustion are relatively low
in all pollutants, but because coal is not too efficiently burned in
homes, carbon monoxide and particulates are higher than might be
expected. None of the pollutants contribute more than 19 percent of
the stationary fuel combustion emissions.
Over 90 percent of the
The two other fuels are
Commercial-Institutional
METHODOLOGY: Fuel consumption in the commercial-institutional source
category is usually highly dependent upon the amount of residential fuel
consumption. A portion of the natural gas consumption for commercial
establishments was obtained by subtracting the calculated residential
gas figures from the residential-commercial data received from the
~
-------
Mountain Fuel Supply Company. Th~ remaining natural gas consumption
was attributed to individual commercial sources that the Mountain Fuel
Supply Company had placed in the industrial category because they were
very large. Distillate fuel oil consumed by commercial sources was
also determined by subtracting the residential figures from the total
fuel consumption data. Comprehensive coal usage data were received
from the Utah-Wyoming Coal Association for the commercial category.
Commercial fuel consumption was proportioned into grids both on
an individual and area source basis. Natural gas and distillate fuel
oil had a few individual sources, but were proportioned for the most
part by population. Coal was proportioned by using the data on individual
sources. Population had to be used to proportion only a small percentage
of the commercial coal consumption.
RESULTS: Commercial-institutional establishments burn significant
amounts of coal, distillate fuel oil, and natural gas. Over 60 percent
of the coal consumed in the Study Area is burned in commercial or institu-
tional establishments. But even with this proportionately high amount
of coal being burned by this type source, natural gas is used to generate
over 80 percent of the energy.
Emissions caused by the burning of these fuels are highest in carbon
monoxide and hydrocarbons. Eighty percent of the carbon monoxide and 68
percent of the hydrocarbons emitted by stationary fuel combustion come
from commercial and institutional sources. The other three pollutants
emit the following portions of the total stationary fuel combustion
emissions~ sulfur oxides - 12 percent, particulates - 46 percent, and
nitrogen oxides - 12 percent.
TRANSPORTATION
The transportation source category is concerned with mobile air
pollutant sources.
Sources in this category include: road vehicles
(both gasoline and diesel powered), aircraft, vessels, and railroads.
With the exception of aircraft, all the sources are considered area sources.
-------
Road Vehicles
METHODOLOGY: In order to obtain the most accurate data on the motor
vehicle activity in the Study Area, the Utah State Department of Highways
was asked to supply the total vehicle-miles for each county.S Unfortunately
these totals did not include some of the m~tor vehicle activity in the
urbanized portions of the Study Area. To supplement these totals,
an attempt was made to locate comprehensive traffic flow maps of downtown
Salt Lake City, Provo and Ogden. County gasoline consumption figures
obtained from the U. S. Department of Commerce were finally used as the
basis for the total vehicle miles driven in the Study Area.6 These gas-
oline consumption figures were updated to 1968 by using state vehicle
mile data supplied by the U. S. Department of Transportation. 7
The_proportioning of the county vehicle mile data into grids was
completed using two methods. The first metqod utilized traffic flow
m~ps obtained from the State Highway Department.
The grid coordinate
system was drawn over the maps and the vehicle miles on the majo~ streets
and roads were measured for their respective grids.
A second method used
the population of each grid as the basis of proportioning the vehicle
miles. Only those vehicle miles left undistributed by the first method
were proportioned by population.
Accurate diesel powered motor vehicle activity was obtained from
state diesel fuel consumption figures.7 These fuel numbers were translated
into vehicle miles by assuming all diesel powered vehicles averaged S.l
1
miles per gallon. The state totals were proportioned into the counties
by using the state to county ratios obtained from the gasoline consumption
calculations. Diesel powered vehicle miles were proportioned only into
those grids which had major highways and roads within their borders.
Emission controls were taken into consideration when automobile
emissions were calculated.
The efficiency of control and the age and
variety of automobiles were based upon national averages.
RESULTS: Vehicle activity in the Study Area was greatest in the
four more urban counties. The number of vehicle miles traveled can be
-------
TABLE 7
VEHICLE MILES OF TRAVEL FOR ROAD vEHICLES IN THE
SALT LAKE CITY, PROVO, AND OGDEN STUDY AREA, 1968
(1000 v.m./year)
Gasoline Powered Diesel Powered
Juri sdi c tion Road Vehicles Road Vehicles Total
Box Elder County 94,100 3,500 97,600
Cache County 119 ,100 4,400 123,500
Davis County 136,700 5,100 141,800
Salt Lake County 1,172,200 4,3,800 1,216,000
Tooele County 66,700 2,500 69,200
Utah County 325,800 12,200 338,000
Weber County 306,600 11 ,400 318,000
STUDY AREA 2,221,200 82,900 2,304,100
-------
seen in Table 7. Davis County, Salt Lake County, Utah County and Weber
County accounted for about 87 percent of the total vehicle activity in
the Study Area. Salt Lake County alone had over 50 percent of the traffic.
Gasoline consumption and air pollutant emissions are distributed among.
the counties in similar proportions.
Road vehicles, a major contributor of three of the pollutants surveyed,
were the dominant source within the transportation source category. They
contributed 95 percent of the carhon monoxide, 80 percent of the hydro-
carbons and 60 percent of the nitrogen oxides. Sulfur oxides and parti-
culates were emitted but to a lesser degree when compared to the other
transportation sources. When compared to all sources in the Study Area,
road vehicles ranked number one in amount of carbon monoxide and hydro-
carbon emitted and number two in nitrogen oxide emissions (Table 1).
Aircraft
METHODOLOGY: Data were obtained for two airports in the Study Area:
Salt Lake City International Airport and Hill Air Force Base. The data
received in1cuded number of flights per day and number and type of engines
per flight. This information was collected by the State Air Pollution
Section by personal communication with each airport. Information was
not secured on the small private airports in the Study Area, because
accurate information was not available.
RESULTS: The major portion of aircraft activity in the Study Area
was at the Salt Lake City International Airport (Table 8). Numerous.
commercial flights come into the airport each day, and large numbers of
private and business aircraft operate from the field. Although the Hill
Air Force Base has fewer flights on its field, the airport does contribute
a substantial amount of air pollutants, since a large number of conventional
jets operate on the field.
As can be seen in Tables land 9, aircraft emissions account for a
small portion of the total emissions in the transportation source category
and in the Study Area. Within the transportation source category, aircraft
-------
TABLE 8
AIR TRAFFIC ACTIVITY AT SALT LAKE CITY INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT AND THE HILL AIR FORCE BASE, 1968
(FLIGHTS/YEAR)
Number of Engines
1 2 3 4
Salt Lake City Airport
Conventional Jet 0 0 0 0
Fan Jet 0 2,000 6,100 12,200
Turbo-prop 0 1,100 0 6,500
Piston 85,000 16,700 0 2,700
Hill Air Force Base
Conventional Jet 800 7,200 0 700
Fan Jet 0 0 0 0
Turbo-prop 0 100 0 700
Piston 400 1,200 0 5,000
'--
-------
TABLE 9
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTATION SOURCES IN
THE SALT lAKE CITY, PROVO, AND OGDEN STUDY AREA, 1968
(TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Par tic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Road Vehicles
Gasoline 700 900 184,900 13,900 9,400
Evaporative 9,300
Diesel 300 900 500 1,100 1,800
Total 1,000 1,800 185,400 24,300 11 , 200
Aircraft
Jet 0 100 200 300 100
Piston 0 0 8,200 1,600 400
Turbo-prop 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 100 8,400 1,900 500
Railroads 2,800 3,600 1,900 4,300 7,200
STUDY AREA 3,800 5,500 195,700 30,500 18,900
...
-------
contribute 6 percent of the particulates, 2 percent of the carbon monoxide,
18 percent of the hydrocarbons and 26 percent of the nitrogen oxides.
Railroads
METHODOLOGY: Information on the fuel consumption of railroads for
the State of Utah was obtained from an American Petroleum Institute pub1i-
. 8
cat~on. These figures were proportioned into the Study Area and then
into the individual counties on the basis of population. The county
totals were proportioned into grids by evenly distributing the fuel into
all grids which had railroad ac ti vi ty .
RESULTS: Emissions caused by railroads in the Study Area had a
substantial effect on the amount of sulfur oxides and particulates
contributed by the transportation source category.
Railroads emitted
2,800 tons per year (73 percent) of the sulfur oxides and 3,600 tons per
year (65 percent) of the particulates.
The emissions of sulfur oxides and particulates were less significant
when compared to all sources in the Study Area. Railroads contributed
about 1 percent of the sulfur oxides and 2 percent of the particulates
emitted in the Study Area.
SOLID WASTE
The solid waste source category is concerned with. the air pollutant
emissions caused by refuse disposal. Refuse includes not only the municipal
refuse, but also refuse generated by commercial and industrial facilities.
The primary means of disposing of refuse are: landfills, dumps, incinerators,
and on-site burning.
Only open burning dumps, incinerators and on-site
burning are considered air pollutant sources.
METHODOLOGY: The total tons of refuse generated in the Salt Lake
City area was determined by using the national generation rate of 10
9
pounds per person per day. This total includes municipal, commercial
and industrial refuse. In order to determine the amount of refuse being
disposed of by each means of disposal, data was collected on all landfills,
dumps and incinerators in the Study Area. The amount of refuse being
disposed of by on-site incineration and on-site burning was determined
-------
with national averages.12 These data were assembled into a refuse balance
(Table 10).
The proportioning of the county totals into grids was done in three
steps. The first was the accurate locating of all incinerators and
open-burning dumps which had been surveyed. The refuse being disposed
of by the remaining open-burning dumps was proportioned evenly into the
rural grids of each county. The on-site burning and on-site incineration
were distributed into grids on the basis of population.
RESULTS: Emissions caused by the open burning of refuse, contributed
most of the emissions in the solid waste source category (Table 11).
Open burning emissions, which were evenly divided between open burning
dumps and on-site burning, ranged from 45 percent of the sulfur oxides
to 99 percent of the hydrocarbons.
The solid waste category when compared to the other emission sources
in the Study Area ranked second in total tons emitted per year for carbon
monoxide, particulates and hydrocarbons. Solid waste disposal was
ranked third in nitrogen oxide emissions and was very low for sulfur
oxides.
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
The industrial process category is concerned with all industrial air
pollutant sources other than the burning of fuel or the disposal of refuse.
That portion of fuel which is used for process heating is included in the
fuel combustion source category.
METHODOLOGY: Information concerning industrial processes was
gathered on an individual plant basis. Each company was contacted by the
State Air Quality Section and asked to supply the appropriate data.
Because of the tremendous cooperation in the Study Area, no engineering
estimates had to be made on any industrial facilities. The emission
rates from industrial processes were estimated by using standard
emission factors published by the Department of Health, Education and
Welfare.2
-------
TABLE 10
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL BALANCE FOR THE SALT LAKE CITY, PROVO, AND OGDEN
STUDY AREA, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Incineration
Total On-Site
Jurisdiction Generations Munici pa 1 On-Site Landfill Dump Burning
Box Elder County 53,000 30,000 23,000
Cache County 80,000 45,000 35,000
Davis County 174,000 26,000 96,000 52,000
Salt Lake COunty 840,000 240,000 300,000 160,000 140,000
Tooele County 41,000 23,000 18,000
Utah County 244,000 37,000 135,000 72,000
Weber County 233,000 100,000 55,000 27,000 51,000
STUDY AREA 1,665,000 100,000 358,000 300,000 516,000 391,000
-------
TABLE 11
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
IN THE SALT rAKE CITY, PROVO, AND OGDEN STUDY
AREA, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partie - Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Oxides u1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Incineration
Municipal 100 800 100 0 100
On -Si te 400 1,800 7,900 100 500
Total 500 2,600 8,000 100 600
Open Burning
Dump a 200 4,000 21,000 7,400 2,700
On-Site 200 3,100 16,600 5,900 2,200
Total 400 7,100 37,600 13,300 4,900
STUDY AREA 900 9,700 45,600 13,400 5,500
-------
RESULTS: Air pollutant emissions were caused by only a few industrial
processes in the Study Area. The industrial categories and emissions
attributable to each are found in Table 12.
The smelters emitted over
99 percent (231,000 tons) of the sulfur oxides and 52 percent (23,000 tons)
of the carbon monoxide in the source category.
These smelters alone
accounted for 89 percent of the sulfur oxides and 8 percent of the carbon
monoxide in the Study Area. The iron and steel mill did not emit much
sulfur oxides in its industrial processes, but the 17,600 tons of partic-
ulates emitted are attributable for 46 percent of the particulates emitted
in the source category and 29 percent of that emitted in the Study Area.
Two other large industrial processes emissions categories are grey iron
foundries and cement manufacturing. Grey iron foundries emitted 21,000
tons of carbon monoxide or almost as much as the smelters, and the cement
manufacturers emitted only 3,000 tons of particulates less than the iron
and steel mill. Other industries surveyed in the Study Area were petroleum
refining, wood processing and asphaltic concrete manufacturing.
EVAPORATIVE LOSSES
The evaporative losses source category is concerned with emissions
of hydrocarbons. The three primary sources studied in this category were
dry cleaning, the automobil~ and gasoline storage and handling. There
are a multitude of other domestic and commercial sources of evaporative
losses, but these were not included because emission factors were not
available.
METHODOLOGY: Dry cleaning emissions and gasoline storage and handling
. 2
emissions were estimated using factors based upon population. The
emissions were also proportioned into counties and grids using population.
Evaporative losses by the automobile were estimated using vehicle mile
activity. These emissions were distributed in the same manner that the
balance of the automobile emissions were.
RESULTS: The automobile was the largest single source in the evapor-
ative losses category with 9,300 tons of hydrocarbons (Table 13). Dry
cleaning and gasoline storage and handling contributed 1,800 tons and
200 tons of hydrocarbons respectively. In the Study Area evaporative
losses accounted for 21 percent of all hydrocarbons emitted.
-------
TABLE 12' AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM INDUSTRIAL PROCESS IN
THE SALT LAKE CITY, PROVO AND OGDEN STUDY AREA,
1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partie - Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Petroleum Refining 6,400 400
Metal Industries
Iron and Steel 1,700 17,600 500
Smelters 230,700 3,600 23,000
Grey Iron Foundries 400 21,400
Wood Products 100 100
Mineral Products
Asphaltic Concrete 600
Cement 14,500
STUDY AREA 232,400 36,800 44,400 6,500 900
-------
TABLE 13
HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM EVAPORATIVE LOSSES
SALT LAKE CITY, PROVO AND OGDEN STUDY AREA, 1968
(TONS/YEAR)
Dry Cleaning Plants
Automobile
Gasoline Storage and Handling
STUDY AREA
- 33 -
Hydrocarbons
1,800
9,300
200
11 ,300
-------
EMISSIONS BY JURISDICTION
The previous section presented air pollutant emissions by source
category. In order to show the contribution of each county to the air
pollution in the Study Area, their emissions are summarized in Tables
14 through 20.
-------
TABLE 14
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN BOX ELDER
COUNTY, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partic - Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides u1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Road Vehicles 50 50 7,800 650 450
Other 100 150 100 150 300
Total 150 200 7,900 800 750
Fuel Combustion in
Stationary Sources
Industry 0 0 0 0 100
Steam-Electric 0 0 0 0 0
Residential 50 50 100 0 50
Commercia1-
Institutional 200 300 450 100 100
To ta 1 250 350 550 100 250
Solid Waste Disposal
Incineration 0 0 0 0 0
Open Burning 50 400 2,250 800 300
Total 50 400 2,250 800 300
Industrial Processes 0 0 0 0 0
Evaporative Losses 550
STUDY AREA 450 950 10,700 2,250 1,300
'-'
-------
TABLE 15
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN CACHE COUNTY,
1968 (TONS/Y"EAR)
Sulfur Partic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Road Vehicles 50 100 9,950 800 600
Other 150 200 100 200 350
Total 200 300 10,050 1,000 950
Fuel Combustion in
Stationary Sources
Industry 0 0 0 0 150
Steam-Electric 0 0 0 0 0
Residential 100 50 200 50 100
Commercial-
Institutional 300 450 650 150 150
Total 400 500 850 200 400
Solid Waste Disposal
Incineration 0 0 0 0 0
Open Burning 50 650 3,400 1,200 450
Total 50 650 3,400 1,200 450
Industrial Processes 0 0 0 0 0
Evaporative Losses 700
STUDY AREA 650 1,450 14,300 3,100 1,800
-------
TABLE 16
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN DAVIS
COUNTY, 1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Road Vehicles 50 100 11 ,350 900 700
Other 250 300 150 400 650
Total 300 400 11 , 500 1,300 1,350
Fuel Combustion in
Stationary Sources
Industry 2,750 100 0 0 750
Steam-Electric 200 250 0 0 200
Residential 50 50 50 0 200
Connnercial-
Iristi tutional 200 350 400 100 350
Total 3,200 750 450 100 1,500
Solid Waste Disposal
Incineration 50 150 550 0 50
Open Burning 50 1,200 6,300 2,200 800
Total 100 1,350 6,850 2,200 850
Industrial ProcesseEI 0 100 0 3,800 200
Evaporative Losses 750
STUDY AREA 3,600 2,600 18,800 4,350 3,900
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TABLE 17
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN SALT LAKE COUNTY
1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Su lfur Partic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source CategOTY' Oxides u1a tes Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Road Vehicles 500 950 97,800 7,950 5,900
Other 1,400 1,850 7,500 3,600 4,000
Total 1,900 2,800 105,300 11 , 550 9,900
Fuel Combustion in
Stationary Sources
Industry 3,650 1,550 50 0 8,900
Steam-Electric 1Q,250 1,100 0 100 4,500
Residential 350 350 500 100 1,100
Commercia 1-
Ins ti tu tiona 1 1,000 1,600 2 ,100 400 1,150
Total 15,250 4,600 2,650 600 15,650
Solid Waste Disposal
Incineration 250 1,200 5,300 100 350
Open Burning 150 2,400 12,750 4,500 1,650
Total 400 3,600 18,050 4,600 2,000
Industrial Processes 198,550 17,650 2,750 2,650 200
Evaporative Losses 5,800
STUDY AREA 216,100 28,650 128,750 25,200 27,750
- 38 -
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TABLE 18
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN TOOELE COUNTY
1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur partic - Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides u1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
" Transportation
Road Vehicles 50 50 5,600 450 350
Other 100 100 50 150 200
Total 150 150 5,650 600 550
Fuel Combustion in
Stationary Sources
Industry 0 0 0 0 100
Steam-Electric 0 0 0 0 0
Residential 0 0 0 0 50
Commercia1-
Institutional 100 100 150 50 100
Total 100 100 150 50 250
Solid Waste Disposal
Incineration 0 0 0 0 0
Open Burning 0 350 1,750 600 250
Tota 1 0 350 1,750 600 250
Industrial Processef~ 32,100 1,000 23,000 0 0
Evaporative Losses 300
STUDY AREA 32,350 1,600 30,550 1,550 1,050
-------
TABLE 19
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN UTAH COUNTY
1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partic- Carbon Hydro - Nitrogen
Source Ca tegory Oxides u1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Road Vehicles 150 250 27,250 2,200 1,650
Other 400 600 2,150 950 1,150
Total 550 850 29,400 3,150 2,800
Fuel Combust~on in
Stationary Sources
Industry 2,500 0 0 0 250
Steam-Electric 200 0 0 0 0
Residential 200 100 150 50 300
Connnercial-
Institutional 650 400 550 100 250
Total 3,550 500 700 150 800
Solid Waste Disposal
Incineration 150 1,150 1,250 50 200
Open Burning 50 600 3,300 1,150 450
Total 200 1,750 4,550 1,200 650
Industrial Processes 0 250 0 0 0
Evaporative Losses 1,550
STUDY AREA 4/300 3,350 34,650 6,050 4,250
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TABLE 20
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN WEBER COUNTY
1968 (TONS/YEAR)
Sulfur Partic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides u1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
'-
Transportation '.
. .
,
Road Vehicles 150 250 25,650 .;~ 2,100 1,550
Other 450 550 300 700 1,150
Total 600 ' 800 25,950 2,800 2,700
Fuel Combustion in
Stationary Sources
Industry 0 0 0 0 250
Steam-Electric 0 0 0 0 0
Residential 100 100 150 50 300
Commercia1-
Institutional 250 400. 550 100 250
Total 350 500 700 150 800
Solid Waste Disposal
Incineration 150 1,150 1,250 50 200
Open Burning 50 600 3,300 1,150 450
Total 200 1,750 4,550 1,200 650
Industrial Processes 0 250 0 0 0
Evaporative Losses 1,550
STUDY AREA 1,150 3,300 31,200 5,700 4,150
u
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EMISSIONS BY GRID
For the purpose of defining the geographical variation in air
pollutant emissions in the Study Area, the emissions were apportionned
onto a grid coordinate system. The emissions were divided into two
source groups--point sources and area sources.
Thirty-one point sources
are presented individually in Table 21. Each of these point sources
emitted more than 0.25 tons per day of a pollutant. The approxi.mate
location of these point sources are shown in Figure 5. Area sources
which made up the balance of emissions have not been presented separ-
ately, but have been combined with the point source emissions and
presented with emissions from all sources in Table 22.
In order to present a visual representation of the emissions of
pollutants by grid, emission density maps have been prepared. Emission
densities were obtained by summing the annual area and point source
emissions for each grid and dividing this total by the land area of the
grid. Figures 6 through 10 show the variation in emission densities for
the respective grids throughout the Study Area.
~
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BOX ELDER COUNTY
LEGEND
• INDUSTRY
O INSTITUTION
• POWER PLANT
A AIRPORT
D INCINERA"OR
TOOELE COUNTY
Figure 5. Point source location map for Salt Lake City, Provo and Ogden study area.
-------
TABLE 21
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM POINT SOURCES FOR THE SALT LAKE CITY,
PROVO AND OGDEN STUDY AREA
HC VC SOx PART. CO HC NOx
Source Category Grid (100) (100) S W A S W A S W A S W A S W S
Industry 14 4210 45680 0.0 0..0 0.0 1.40 0.00 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Incineratpr 14 4165 45640 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.32 2.32 2.32 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.27 0.27 0.27
Power Plant 15 4110 45515 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.23 0.94 0.64 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.66 0.45
Industry 16 4240 45520 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Institution 16 4175 45530 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.00 0.16 0.08 0.00 0.13 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.76 0.37
Airport 16 4175 45530 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.23 0.23 0.23 5.10 5.10 5.10 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.36 0.36 0.36
Industry 19 4240 45270 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.36 3.36 3.36 0.58 0.62 0.60
Airport 20 4180 45110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.28 0.28 0.28 17.95 17.95 17.95 4.06 4.06 4.06 1.07 1.07 1.07
Industry 21 4220 45195 3.3 3.4 3.3 0.18 0.21 0.19 0.00 0.01 0.00 7.09 7.09 7.09 1.88 2.05 ] .96
Industry 21 4230 45165 7.3 7.6 7.5 0.33 0.37 0.35 0.02 0.03 0.02 6.05 6.05 6.05 1.85 2.00 1. 92
Industry 23 4220 45145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.04 1.04 1.04 0.18 0.20 0.19
Industry 23 4235 45116 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.48 0.48 0.48 6.90 6.90 6.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Industry 23 4238 45148 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Industry 23 4?33 45112 0.0 0.0 0.0 48.02 11.93 39.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.36 0.30
Power Plants 23 4212 45130 27.8 27.8 27.4 0.96 0.96 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26 0.26 11.81 11.81 11.65
Power Plants 23 4240 45135 0.0 1.2 0.6 0.00 4.04 1.99 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 1.09 0.53
Institution 24 4290 45125 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.06 1.28 0.64 0.05 1.10 0.55 0.01 0.22 0.11 0.01 0.33 0.16
Institution 24 4255 45145 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.04 0.39 0.20 0.14 1.37 0.72 0.02 0.27 0.14 0.02 0.22 0.11
Institution 24 4290 45130 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.06 0.59 0.31 0.08 0.84 0.44 0.01 0.16 0.08 0.01 0.13 0.07
Industry 30 4248 45018 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.44 0.00 5.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-------
c- '
"
('
TABLE 21
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM POINT SOURCES (cont.)
SOx PART. CO HC NOx
Source Ca tegory Grid HC VC S W A S W A S W A S W A S W A
Industry 45 4370 44590 9.6 10.2 9.9 49.27 49.40 49.33 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.06 8.25 9.01 8.61
Industry 46 4430 44570 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.00 3.56 1.68 0.00 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.32 14.77
Institution 46 4460 44570 0.0 1.7 0.8 0.04 0.97 0.48 0.18 3.80 1.89 0.03 0.76 0.37 0.03 0.61 0.30
Power Plant 46 4450 44560 0.2 0,6 0.5 0.35 0.83 0.62 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.61 0.45
Power Plant 46 4440 44630 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.05 0.29
Industry 47 4460 44510 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.72 0.51 0.61 59.99 42.49 51. 29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Industry 47 4460 44535 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.49 0.24 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Industry 49 4450 44410 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Industry 51 4000 45090544.6 544.6 544.6 9.18 9.26 9.22 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.02 6.62 6.91 6.76
Industry 51 4025 45025 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.33 0.27
Industry 51 3960 4487588.0 88.0 88.0 2.69 2.69 2.69 63.00 63.00 63.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.23 0.21
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TABLE 22
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM ALL SOURCES FOR THE SALT LAKE CITY,
PROVO AND OGDEN STUDY AREA
Land Area SOx PART. CO HC NOx
Grid (Sq. Mi.) S W A S W A S W A S W A S W A
1 154.4 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.8 8.3 7.6 7.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 0.8 1.0 0.9
2 38.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1
3 38.6 0.2 1.3 0.7 0.6 2.0 1.3 17.7 16.1 16.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 1.6 2.1 1.8
4 154.4 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.4 1.0 11.7 10.5 10.7 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.3 1.2
5 38.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2
6 38.6 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.8 9.4 8.6 8.6 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.2 1.1
7 38.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3
8 38.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 2.0 1.9 1.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4
9 38.6 0.2 1.1 0.6 0.8 2.0 1.4 17.6 15.8 16.0 3.3 3.2 3.2 1.7 2.0 1.8
10 38.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6
11 38.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.8 1.6 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2
12 38.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 6.9 5.7 6.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.6
13 38.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 5.5 4.5 4.8 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2
14 38.6 1.1 2.8 1.9 6.3 6.7 6.3 67.6 55.5 59.0 10.4 9.0 9.4 6.1 7.2 6.4
15 38.6 0.8 1.9 1.4 1.9 3.2 2.5 19.1 16.5 17.2 4.3 4.0 4.0 2.8 3.8 3.3
16 38.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.9 2.5 2.2 19.7 17.7 18.3 4.5 4.3 4.3 2.7 3.7 3.2
17 38.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.0 1.5 1.3 12.8 11.2 11.6 2.8 2.6 2.6 1.4 2.0 1..7
18 38.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.8 5.6 5.1 5.2. 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.0
19 38.6 4.4 5.0 4.7 1.5 2.3 1.9 20.6 17.9 18.6 7.4 7.2 7.2 2.8 3.9 3.2
20 38.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 22.4 21.8 22.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 1.4 1.5 1.4
21 9.6 11.1 11.8 11. 5 0.9 1.2 1..0 14.0 11.0 11.9 15.2 14.9 15.0 4.7 5.4 5.0
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TABLE 22
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS (cant.)
Land Area SOx PART. CO HC NOx
Grid (Sq. Mi.) S W A S W A S W A S W A S W A
22 9.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.1 1.8 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2
23 9.6 29.5 31.8 30.2 52.1 21.1 46.2 53.6 45.0 47.5 9.3 8.3 8.6 17.8 20.0 18.5
24 9.6 0.8 3.2 1.9 2.4 5.7 4.0 55.2 48.5 49.7 7.5 7.0 7.0 3.7 5.4 4.3
25 9.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 3.2 2.7 2.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3
26 38.6 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.9 2.4 2.1 25.6 20.5 22.1 5.5 4.9 5.1 4.2 4.6 4.3
27 9.6 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.6 1.2 27.3 22.1 23.6 4.1 3.4 3.6 2.0 2.6 2.2
28 9.6 0.7 1.9 1.2 2.1 3.6 2.8 64.1 52.3 55.7 9.0 7.6 8.0 4.2 5.5 4.6
29 9.6 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.7 14.0 11.5 12.2 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.0 1.2 1.1
30 9.6 1.1 1.3 1.2 10.1 1.9 ,2.3 13.3 10.8 11.6 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.6
31 9.6 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.8 22.0 17.5 18.9 3.5 2.9 3.1 1.5 1.9 1.6
32 9.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.5 11.4 9.2 9.9 1.9 1.6 1.7 0.8 1.0 0.9
33 38.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.5 11.3 9.1 9.8 1.9 1.6 1.7 0.8 1.0 0.9
34 9.6 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.7 13.0 10.6 11.3 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.4
35 9.6 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 10.8 8.7 9.3 1.8 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.0 0.8
36 9.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 4.9 4.0 4.3 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4
37 9.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 4.4 3.7 3.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.4
38 9.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 5.9 4.9 5.2 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.5
39 9.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 3.4 2.9 3.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3
40 38.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 3.6 3.1 3.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3
41 38.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 5.0 4.1 4.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.4
42 38.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 5.1 4.8 4.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.6
43 38.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 8.0 7.2 7.5 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.9 1.0 0.9
44 23.1 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.3 1.1 14.6 12.6 13.1 2.8 2.6 2.6 1.2 1.6 1.4
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TABLE 22
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS (cont.)
Land Area SOx PART. CO HC NOx
Grid (Sq. Mi.) S W A S W A S W A S W A S W A
45 38.6 10.2 11. 5 10.8 50.4 51.2 50.7 21.3 17.7 18.7 3.7 3.3 3.4 10.5 11.7 11.0
46 38.6 1.0 4.5 2.6 1.5 7.6 4.4 35.3 32.9 32.6 5.5 5.5 5.3 3.5 36.1 18.8
47 30.8 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 70.2 51.0 60.2 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.8
48 38.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3
49 38.6 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.3 1.2 10.3 9.1 9.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.8 1.7
50 38.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 1.1 1.4 1.2 11.8 10.3 10.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 1.6 1.8 1.7
51 617.7 633.2 634.0 633.6 13.6 14.5 14.0 92.6 87.7 89.2 5.7 5.2 5.3 10.3 11.3 10.7
- 48 -
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I J
* "«»TACHE COUNTY V
SULFUR OXIDE EMISSIONS
tons/mi 2-day
\
C —
I
UTAH COUNTY
C .-
Figure 6. Sulfur oxide emission density map for the Salt Lake City Provo, and Ogden study area.
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BOX ELDER COUNTY
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
tons/mi
___UT_AH_COUNTY
C •"
Figure 7. Paniculate emission density map for the Salt Lake City, Provo, and Ogden study area.
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"•WCHE COUNTY '•
\
BOX ELDER COUNTY
CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS,
tons/mi 2.Jay
C—
I
Figure 8. Carbon monoxide emission density map for the Salt Lake City, Provo, and Ogden study area.
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BOX ELDER COUNTY
HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS,
tons/midday
i
UTAHJPMLX
Figure 9. Hydrocarbon emission density map for the Salt Lake City, Provo, and Ogden study area.
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\
J S J
> *" T«TACHE COUNTY \
NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS,
tons/mi^-day
Figure 10. Nitrogen oxide emission density map for the Salt Lake City, Provo, and Ogden study area.
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REFERENCES
1.
Ozolins, G. and Smith, R., Rapid Survey Technique for Estimating
Community Air Pollution, DHEW, PHS, October 1966.
~
2.
Duprey, R. L., Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors,
DREW, PHS, April 1967.
.
3.
United States Census of Housing: 1960 - Utah, United States Department
of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
4.
United States Census of Population: 1960 - Utah, United States
Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
5.
Vehicle Miles on Utah Highways, Utah State Department of Highways,
1968.
6.
1963 Census of Business: Retail Trade, United States Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
7.
Highway Statistics/1968,United States Department of Transportation.
8.
Petroleum Facts and Figures, American Petroleum Institute.
9.
1968 National Survey of Community Solid Waste Practice, Interim
Report, DREW, PHS.
10.
Personal Communication with Utah Division of Health, Air Quality
Section.
11.
Mineral Industry Surveys, Burner FUel Oils, 1967, United States
Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines.
12.
National Air Pollution Control Administration Reference Book
of Nation Wide Emissions, 1968.
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