TREASURE VALLEY, IDAHO, AREA
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The APTD (Air Pollution Technical Data) series of reports is issued by
the Office of Air Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, to report'
Technical data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies of .
APTD reports are available free of charge to Federal employees, current
contractors and grantees, and nonprofit organizations - as supplies
permit - from the Office of Technical Information and Publications,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711 or from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151.
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TREASURE VALLEY AIR POLLUTANT.
EMISStON INVENTORY
,.
l,-
';,.'
Prepared by
David S. Kircher
Division of Air quality and Emission Data
P B.- 2-07 CoG] CJ
1::
U.S. DEPAR~NT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Environmental Health Service
j
National Air Pollution Control Administration
Durham, North Carolina
"'
June 1970
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
"
The National Air Pollution Control Administration wishes to express
its sincere gratitude to the individuals and companies who supplied
information for this air pollution emission inventory. In particular,
I. we are grateful for the personnel assistance and data supplied by the
Idaho Department of Health, Air Pollution Control Commission. Special
acknowledgments are extended ~o Mr. Al Eiguren, Director of the Air
Pollution Control Commission and Mr. Bruce Bergeson.
)
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PREFACE
r
-
).
This report, which presents the emission inventory for the Treasure
Valley Area, is another in a series of surveys outlining the sources
and emissions of air pollutants for major metropolitan areas in the
country. These surveys, conducted by the National Inventory of Air
Pollutant Emissions and Control Branch of the National Air Pollution
Control Administration, provide estimates of the present levels of air
pollutant emissions and status of their control. The pollutants, which
include sulfur oxides, particulates, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and
nitrogen oxides, are delineated with respect to source type, season of
the year and geographical distribution within.: the area. The general
procedure for the surveys is based upon the rapid survey technique for
estimating air pollutant emissions. I These reports are intended to
serve as aids in the proposing of boundaries of Air Quality Control
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
In troduc tion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SUlIIII18ry of Resul ts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................
Study Area....................... ~ . ". . . . . .
...................
Grid Coordinate System...............
Emissions by Category................
Transportation.......
......... ...............
...... .... ....... .......
... ... ......... .... ... .... ...... ... .......
Road Vehicles..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft.......
................. ...................... .......
Ra i 1 roads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fuel
Combustion in Stationary Sources..........................
Solid Was te. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial Processes..
...... .... ...... ...... ... ............
Evaporative Losses........
.. ........ ............... .... ... .....
Emissions
by Jurisdiction........................................
by Grid................................................
Emissions
Emission Densities...
................................. ...........
:' References. . . . . . . . .
.. ..................................... .......
Appendices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page
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3
6
12
15
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21
25
29
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30
37
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48
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Table
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7
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LIST OF TABLES,
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in the Treasure
Valley, Study Area........................................ ~..
lA
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in the Treasure
V 811 ey Study Ar ea . . . . 8: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . .
2
3
Population and Area Characteristics for the Study Area......
Vehicle Miles of Travel and Fuel Consumption in the
Study Ar ea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Air Pollutant Emissions from Transportation Sources
for the Study Area..........................................
AircraftUFlights for the Study Area.........................
Air Pollutant Emissions from Aircraft.......................
Natural Gas Consumption by Consumer Category................
Fuel Oil Consumption 'forCche Study Area.....................
Coal Consumption for the Study Area.........................
Air Pollutant Emissions from Stationary Fuel Combustion.....
Solid Waste Disposal Practices for the Study Area...........
Air Pollutant Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal
Practices in the Study Area.................................
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in Ada County............
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in Canyon County.........
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in Elmore Count~.........
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in Payette County........
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in Gem County............
Summary
Summary
Summary
of Air Pollutant Emissions in Boise County..........
of Air Pollutant Emissions from Point Sources.......
of Air Pollutant Emissions from All Sources.........
Page
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\ ".
::: Figure
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L. 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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LIST OF FIGURES
Map of Treasure Valley Study Area and Vicinity..............
Detailed Map of the Treasure Valley.........................
Population Density of the Treasure Valley Study Area........
Grid Coordinate System for the Treasure Valley Study Area...
Point Source Locations.....8.. 8.8... .. . .. . .. ...... ...... .. . ...
Sulfur Oxides Emission Density Map..........................
Particulate Emission Density Map............................
Carbon Monoxide Emission Density Map........................
Hydrocarbon Emission Density Map............................
Nitrogen Oxides Emission Density Map........................
Page
8
9
11
14
42
43
44
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INTRODUCTION
c
This report is a summary of the Treasure Valley (Boise, Idaho) Area
air pollutant emission inventory conducted in May 1970. Since these
inventories are based On the calendar year, data and emission estimates
presented here are based on conditions that existed during the year 1969.
The Study Area, which was chosen on the basis of population distri-
bution and air pollution sources, consists of six counties in the western
portion of the state of Idaho. This area had a 1969 population of 208,570
and covers approximately 7,500 square miles.
A grid coordinate system was used to show geographical distribution
of emissions 'within each of the counties. The grid system divides the
Study Area into 44 grid zones ranging in size from 25 square kilometers
in densely populated areas to 1,600 square kilometers in the rural areas.
All sources of emissions were classified into five categories--
transportation, s'tationary fuel combustion, industrial processes, refuse
and evaporative losses. Each of these source categories was divided into
two subgroups--point sources and area sources. Facilities which emit
large quanties of air pollutants were considered individually as point
sources, while the many remaining contributors such as motor vehicles,
residential fuel users, gmall commercial and industrial facilities and,
c
on-site refuse burning equipment, were considered collectively as area
sources. For this report, 21 individual sources were classified as
point sources based on information available.
Emissions were estimated by using various indicators such as fuel
"
consumption, refuse burning rates, production data and control efficiencies
and emission factors relating these indicators to emission rates.2 These
factors represent average emission rates for a particular source category.
Since individual sources have inherent differences that cannot always be
taken into consideration, discrepancies between the actual and estimated
emissions are more likely in individual sources than in total emissions
1
J
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for a source category.
As in all emission surveys, the data presented are estimates and
should not be interpreted as 'absolute values. The estimates are, in
some cases, partial totals due to lack of emission factors and production
data. Despite these limitations, the estimates are of sufficient accur-
acy and validity in defining the extent and distribution of air pollutant
emissions within the Study Area.
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SUMMARY OF RESULTS
\:
The annual emissions as estimated in the Treasure Valley Metropolitan
Area Air Pollutant Emission Inventory are as follows (tons/year):
I
~
Su1 fur Oxides
Particulates
3,600
5,800
90,400
16,900
10,900
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
The-following is a brief summary of pollutant emissions and sources
a8 presented in Tables 1 and 1A:
Sulfur Oxides
The major source of sulfur oxides in the Study Area
is-fuel combustion which amounts to 81% of the total
emission of this pollutant.
Particulates
Combustion of fuels, process losses, and transportation
are the largest sources of particulates, contributing
26%, 39%, and 25%, respectively.
Carbon Monoxide
The large contributor of carbon monoxide is road
vehicles (91%). Other significant sources include
fuel combustion and refuse disposal.
Hydrocarbons
Evaporative losses (44%) and transportation (48%) are
the two most important sources of hydrocarbon emissions
u
in the Study Area.
"
Oxides of Nitrogen
Fuel combustion and transportation sources wem the
contributors of 97% of these pollutant emissions.
3
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TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FOR THE TREASURE
VALLEY STUDY AREA (Tons/Year)
Sulfur Partic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides u1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Motor Vehicles 550 940 82,340 7,100 6,640
Other 90 510 3,240 980 810
Subtotal 640 1,450 85,580 8,080 7,450
Stationary Fuel
Combustion
Industrial 220 270 40 10 680
Residential 1,100 280 580 150 420
Connnercial and
Institutional 1,600 970 1,090 250 1,950
Subtotal 2,920 1,520 1,710 410 3,050
Solid Waste Disposal
Incineration 20 90 380 10 30
Open Burning 30 520 2,760 970 360
Subtotal 50 610 3,140 980 390
Industrial Processes 2,260
Evaporative Losses
Automobile 5,800
Other 1,580
Subtotal 7,380
*
TOTAL 3,610 5,840 90,430 16,850 10,890
* = Rounded to the nearest ten.
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TABLE lA
SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FOR THE TREASURE
VALLEY STUDY AREA (103 Kg/Year) .
(.
\.
Sulfur Partic- Carbon Hydro - Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides 'ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Motor Vehicles 500 850 74,700 6,400 6,030
Other 80 460 2,940 890 730
Subtotal 580 1,310 77 ,640 7,330 6,760
Stationary Fuel
Combustion
Industrial 200 240 30 10 620
Residential 1,000 250 520 140 380
Cormnercia1 and
Institutional 1,460 880 990 230 1,770
Subtotal 2,660 1,370 1,540 380 2,770
Solid Wastes Disposal
Incineration 20 80 350 10 20
Open Burning 30 470 2,500 880 320
Subtotal 50 550 2,850 890 340
Industrial Processes 2,050
. Evaporative Losses
Automobile 5,260
Other 1,430
Subtotal 6,690
TOTAL* 3,290 5,280 82,030 15,290 9,870
l.
* = Rounded to the nearest ten.
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STUDY AREA
The Study Area for the Treasure Valley Metropolitan Area is in south
western Idaho, bordered on the west by the Snake River. It consists of
six adjoining counties--Ada, Canyon, Elmore, Payette, Gem and Boise.
Figure one shows the six county area and the State of Idaho and their
relative location with respect to neighboring states and cities.
Figure 2 is a more detailed map of the Study Area showing county
boundaries and major urban areas. The study area occupies a land area
of approximately 7,500 square miles. The six counties had a total 1969
population of 209,000. This figure represents an i~crease of 9% from
1960 (see Table 2). Figure 3, population density, shows heavy concen-
trations around the Boise area.
TOPOGRAPHY4
Boise, the population center of the Study Area, is located in the
Boise River Valley at an elevation of about 2,700 feet. To the north
and east of the city the Boise Mountains rise to 5,000 to 6,000 feet
above sea level. Downstream from the city the Boise Valley widens and
joins the valley of the Snake River about 40 miles to the northwest.
The Snake River borders Payette, Canyon, Ada, and Elmore Counties.
. .
Boise County is occupied primarily by the Boise National Forest with
elevations in some locations reaching over 9,000 ~eet. Elmore County
contains MOunt Bennett with peaks over 7,000 feet above sea level.
CLIMATOLOGY4
In general, the climate in the Boise area is dry and temperate.
Pacific airmasses alternating with other airmasses produce periods of.
cloudy or stormy and mild weather in the winter months. Climate during
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the summer season is typical upland continental. Temperature variations
are extreme overall, although day today changes are gradual. The average
annual temperat~re (1968) was 52.2 degrees. The lowest monthly average
temperature for that year was 29.5 degrees (january). The highest monthly
average temperature (July) was 77.3 degrees. Prevailing winds are from
the southeast averaging 9 miles per hour.
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Figure 1.
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TABLE 2
POPULATION AND AREA CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE TREASURE
VALLEY STUDY AREA
Population 2 Population
County 1960 1969 Area, Mi. Density, 1969
Ada 93,460 101,780 1,043 97.6
Canyon 57,660 61,890 578 107.1
Elmore 16,720 20,100 3,048 6.6
Payette 12,360 13,370 402 33.3
Gem 9,130 9,700 555 17.4
Boise 1,650 1,730 1,910 0.9
TOTAL 190,980 208,570 7,536 27.7
*1
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Population density for T'reasure.Valleystudy area, '1969.
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GRID COORDINATE SYSTEM
A grid coordinate system, based on the Universal Transverse Mercator
Projection (UTM), was used in the Treasure Valley Study Area to indicate
the geographical distribution of emissions. A map showing the grid
coordinate system is presented in Figure 4.
An evaluation of all the available coordinate systems was completed
before the UTM system was chosen to present emissions. The most convenient
systems evaluated were the State Plane, Longitude-Latitude, and UTM.
Although each of the systems had valuable qualities, the use of the UTM
coordinate system was felt to be necessary to meet the requirements of
these emission inventories.
The two primary requisites of the grid coordinate system were used
to evaluate each system. The first requirement was that the grid coordin-
ate system had to have square grid zones, since the data were to be used
in meteorological dispersion models.
The grid zones, which the UTM
system and most of the State Plane systems project, are always square,
but the longitude-latitude system projects grid zoneS that become skewed
as the zones become further from the equator. The other quality the grid
coordinate system had to possess was consistency. Each emission inventory
should be conducted on a grid coordinate system which uses the same
reference point throughout the Study Area. Since some air pollutant
inventories would include areas in two or more states, the State Plane
systems could not be used. However, since the UTM system, as well as
the longitude-latitude system, is not refe~enced to points in individual
states, it is not influenced by jurisdiction boundaries. The UTM system
was chosen since it was the only prevalent coordinate system which can
project square grid zones over any Study Area using a common reference
point.
The Universe Transverse Mercator Projection is based upon the
metric system. Each north-south and east-west grid line, as illustrated
in Figure 4, is identified by"a coordinate number expressed in meters.
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Each point source and grid, using its geographical center, is identified
by a horizontal and vertical coordinate to the nearest 100 meters.
Grid zones of different sizes are used in the grid coordinate
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. system to allow a statisfactory d:lefirtitioIt' of the geographical gradation
. .
of 'emissions and to limit the number of grid zones. The majority of
the emissions is usually concentrated in the populated and industrialized
portions of a Study Area. Smaller grids are placed over these areas
to allow the grid coordinate system to reflect the changes of emissions
over short distances. Grid zones smaller than the 25 square kilometer
grid zones used in this report are not usually warranted because of the
inherent inaccuracies in the data. Larger grid zones are used in the
rural portions, because a smaller percentage of the total emissions
,
,-
usually occurs in lightly populated areas.
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14
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EMISSIONS BY CATEGORY
~
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TRANSPORTATION
Transportation, a mobile source of air pollutants, includes: road
vehicles (gasoline and diesel powered), aircraft and railroads. With
the exception of aircraft, all transportation sources are dealt with as
area pollution sources.
Aircraft are considered to be point sources
because the majority of emissions are attributable to the immediate
vicinity of airports.
Road Vehicles
METHODOLOGY: Total vehic1e-miles of travel were obtained by applying
an average fuel consumption to gasoline sales (gallons) obtained from
Idaho State Tax Commission, Motor Fuel Division. Highway Statistics'
were used asa means to check these figures (see Table 3).3
Vehicle-milesof travel were apportioned onto the grid system by
population except where traffic flow maps were available. The Boise
Metropolitan transportation Study Traffic flow maps were used in the
Boise area. Flow maps were not available for other portions of the
Study Area.
Approximately 1.5 to 2.0 percent of gasoline is lost through
evaporation from gasoline tank and carburetor losses. (This is exclusive
of hydrocarbon exhaust emissions). It was assumed that no diesel fuel'
was lost from evaporation. Since 1963 the majority of new automobiles were
equipped with positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valves that reduce
crankcase hydrocarbon emissions by about 90 percent. It was assumed
that only 20 percent of the automobiles were not equipped with PCV
valves due to lag time in automobile replacement.
I',,,
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TABLE 3
VEHICLE MILES OF TRAVEL AND MOTOR FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR
THE STUDY AREA, 1969
Total Vehicle Miles Gaso line Diesel
County (103/Day) (103 Gal/Year) (103 Gal/Year)
Ada 2,140 61,040 3,350
Canyon 1,040 29,520 2,040
Elmore 320 9,260 660
Payette 230 6,680 440
Gem 140 3,910 320
Boise 10 280 60
TOTAL 3,880 110,690 6,870
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, -
,-
RESULTS: Over 1.4 billion miles were traveled by motor vehicles in
1969. In the process, 111 million gallons of gasoline and 6.9 million
gallons of diesel fuel were consumed by highway vehicles. Table 3 indicates
that 56 percent of the miles traveled were in Ada County. The majority
of these were in the Boise Metropolitan Area.
Table 4 shows emissions by pollutant and motor vehicle .category for
. '
the Study Area. MOtor vehicles are the major contributarsofcarbon mon-
oxide (96 percent) and hydrocarbons (93 percent) of the transportation
sources.
Aircraft
METHODOLOGY: The total number of flights by type were obtained from
the Federal Aviation Administration for the Boise Airport. Mountain Home
Air Force Base flights were obtained directly from the Air Force. A
flight is defined as a take-off and a landing. Estimates of flights by
airplane type and number of engines were obtained from the Boise Airport
control tower (see Table 5).
The emissions, as shown in Table 6, were arrived at by applying the
proper emission factors to the total number of flights in each engine
type and number category.
RESULTS: The emissions' that resulted from the two airports in the
Study Area reveal that the piston engine planes contribute 94 percent of
the total carbon monoxide and 83 percent of the total hydrocarbons from
aircraft sources (see Table 4).
Trains
METHODOLOGY: The total fuel use by the railroads in Idaho was taken
4
from the Bureau of Mines' Mineral Industry Surveys. The quantity used
in the Study Area was approximated from the ratio of the Study Area pop-
ulation to the State population times the total State consumption. The
fuel was then apportioned to grids taking into account railroad routes
and yards.
-------
TABLE 4
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSION FOR TRANSPORTATION SOURCES
FOR THE STUDY AREA, 1969 (Tons/Year)
Sulfur Par tic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Motor Vehicles
Gasoline
Exhaust 410 550 82,130 6,630 5,870
Evaporation 5,800
Diesel 140 380 210 470 770
Aircraft
Jet N 240 200 110 160
Turboprop N N N N N
Piston N 10 2,900 550 140
Railroads 90 260 140 320 520
TOTAL 640 1,440 85,580 13,880 7,460
N = Negligible
-------
l .
'. '.~
TABLE 5
AIRCRAFT FLIGHTS FOR THE STUDY AREA
-
'-
Airport and Engine Type
1 Engine
Number of Flights
2 Engine 3 Engine'
4 1!:ngine
Boise Airport
Conventional
Fan Jet
Turboprop
Piston
1,200 13,900 4,200 0
o 4,200 0 0
o 2,900 0 0
17,600 15,200 0 600
Mountain Home Air Force Base
Conventional
Fan Jet
o
o
5,100
5 , 100
o
o
o
o
~
-------
TABLE 6
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM AIRCRAFT (Tons/Year)
SuI fur Partie - Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Airport Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Boise N 200 3,050 620 260
Mountain Home Air
Force Base N 50 50 40 40
TOTAL N 250 3,100 660 300
-------
RESULTS: Table 4 shows that trains amount to 18 percent of the
particulates and 14 percent of the sulfur oxides from transportation
sources.
"
FUEL COMBUSTION IN STATIONARY SOURCES
All three major fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) are consumed in
the Treasure Valley Study Area, with distillate fuel oil being the most
important and natural gas running a close second. In 1969 distillate
12
fuel oil produced 11 x 10 BTU's of energy (50 percent of the total),
12
natural gas produced 39 percent of the total (9 x 10 BTU's of energy)
and coal produced 11 percent (2 x 1012 DTU's). Tables 7, 8, and 9 show
the quantity of each type of fuel consumed and a breakdown by user
, ca tegory .
Distillate fuel oil is consumed ptimari1y by residential and
commercial-institutional users. Residual oil is consumed only in neg-
ligible quantity hence no data 'was available on its consumpt.ion. Natural
gas is used by all three consumer categories. Coal is also used by all
three categories, but its use, especially as a residential fuel, is
on the decline.
There are no steam-electric power plants in the area.
Power is produced hydroelectrically.
METHODOLOGY: Approximate area source distillate oil consumption was
obtained from the Air Pollution Control Section of the Idaho Department
of Health. Industrial use was assumed to be negligible, so consumption
was classified as either residential or commercial-i~stitutional.4,5
.)
Natural gas consumption by consumer category was obtained, from the
Intermountain Gas Company for Ada, Canyon, Gem and Payette Counties.
These figures are considered to be accurate. Gas use for Elmore County
was estimated, hence these figures are only approximations.
Coal consumption was obtained from the Air Pollution Control Section,
Idaho Department of Health. These figures, as are the oil figures, are
considered to be approximations.
-------
TABLE 7
NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION BY USER CATEGORY, 1969
6 3
(10 Ft /Year)
County Residential Connnercial Industrial
Ada 1,590 1,120 890
Canyon 570 490 2,980
Elmore 150 150 N
Payette 160 100 260
Gem 80 60 40
Boise 0 0 0
TOTAL 2,550 1,920 4,170
-------
TABLE 8
. FUEL OIL CONSUMPTION BY USER CATEGORY, 1969
3
(10 Gallons)
u
Distillate Oil
County .Residentia1 Connnercial Industrial
Ada 14,540 31,000 N
Canyon 9,260 9,000 160
Elmore 2,510 1,600 N
Payette 2,010 1,100 N
Gem 1,620 3,400 N
Boise 320 300 N
TOTAL 30,260 46,400 160
"
..;
-------
TABLE 9
3
COAL CONSUMPTION BY USER CATEGORY, 1969 (10 Tons/Year)
County Residential Commercial Industrial
'/
Ada 12 15 N
Canyon 10 5 23
Elmore 1 18 N
Payette 2 1 N
Gem 1 2 N
Boise N N N
TOTAL 26 41 23
-------
"
RESULTS: Emissions from fuel combustion are shown in Table 10.
Coal, the lowest contributor of energy, provides the majority of partic-
ulates, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons. Distillate oil provides the
majority of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides emissions.
Fuel combustion in stationary sources is a significant contributor
of sulfur oxides (81 percent), particulates (26 percent), and nitrogen
oxides (28 percent).
SOLID WASTE
METHODOLOGY: The total solid waste generation for the Study Area
was found by applying the national average per capita rate of 10 pounds
6
of refuse per day. Due to the lack of large industrial sources in the
area 3 1bs. /day per capita was subtracted from' "this,: and. theE'1:'einaining
7 1bs./day figure was applied to the Study Area population. This waste
rate includes both collected (5.5 1bs./day) and uncollected waste
(1.5 1bs./day).
Disposal methods were obtained from the Solid Waste Section of Idaho
Department of Health. The Solid Waste Section also supplied estimated
burning rates (tons/day) at each open burning dump.
. .
There are no large municipal or commercial incinerators in the area.
Uncollected waste was divided into on-site open burning (1.0 1b./day)
and on-site incineration (0.5 1bs./day).
RESULTS; Table 11, the solid waste balance for the Study Area, shows
a breakdown of refuse disposal methods. This area contains a predominance
of sanitary landfills. Emissions, as shown in Table 12, result predomin-
ant.1y..from; open'. burning.
-------
TABLE 10
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY FUEL
COMBUSTION, 1969 (Tons/Year)
Sulfur Partic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Fuel User Category Oxides u1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides '/
Distillate Fuel Oil
Residential 890 120 30 40 180
Cormnercia 1-
Ins ti tu tiona1 1,240 350 50 50 1,670
Industrial N N N N 10
Natural Gas
Residential N 20 N N 150
Cormnercia 1-
Institutional N 20 N N 110
Industrial N 40 N N 450
Coal
Residential 210 140 540 110 90
Cormnercial-
Institutional 370 600 1 ,040 210 170
Industrial 210 230 30 10 230
TOTAL 2,920 1,520 1,690 420 3,060
-------
TABLE 11
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES FOR THE STUDY AREA, 1969
(103 Tons/Year)
"
Total Sanitary On,..Site Open Burning
County Generated Landfills Incineration DUmps:-; On-Site
Ada 130 90 8 16 16
Canyon 80 61 6 2 11
Elmore 27 17 2 4 4
Payette 17 7 1 6 2
Gem 12 8 1 1 2
Boise 2 1 N 1 N
TOTAL 268 184 18 30 35
.-'
-------
TABLE 12
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL~ 1969
(Tons/Year)
Su lfur Partic- Carbon Hydro - Nitrogen
Category Oxides ulates . Monoxide carbons Oxides
Incineration
On-site 20 90 380 10 30
Open Burning
On-Site 20 280 1,490 520 190
Dump 10 240 1,270 450 160
Total 30 520 2,760 970 350
TOTAL 50 610 3, 140 980 380
-------
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
The only significant cause of pollutant emissions from process losses
in the Study Area was due to asphalt batching. Irt 1969 the rate of partic-
ulate emission from this source was 2,300 tons/year. The fourbatching
plants are located near the Boise Metropolitan area. They account for
approximately 39 percent of the total Study Area particulate emissions.
EVAPORATIVE LOSSES
Three sources of solvent evaporation were considered in this survey:
motor vehicles, dry cleaning and gasoline handling.
METHODOLOGY: Dry cleaning evaporation was calculated uQng the per
7. .
capita factor of 4.0 1b./year. This was apportioned on the grid system
by population. Gasoline handling losses were figured using the factor of
9.4 1b./lOOO gallons of throughput for filling service station tanks and
11.6 lb./lOOO gallons of throughput for filling automobile tanks. This
also was apportioned by population to the grid system. Automobile evapor-
ation losses at the gas tank and carburetor were calculated taking into
account vehic1e-mi1es, age of vehicle and extent of control equipment.
These emissions were apportioned the same as motor vehicle exhaust emissions
(see Transportation Section, Road Vehicles).
RESULTS: Approximately 5,800 tons of hydrocarbons were emitted in
1969 by motor vehicles in the Study Area. Dry cleaning amounted to 400
tons of hydrocarbons. Gasoline storage and handling resulted in emissions
of approximately 1,200 tons.
-------
EMISSIONS BY JURISDICTION
Up to this point this report has dealt primarily with emissions by
source category. Tables 13 through 18 present emissions by jurisdiction.
Numbers have been rounded.
-------
TABLE 13
SUMMARY OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN ADA OOUNTY
(Tons/Year)
Sulfur Partic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides u1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Road Vehicles 300 520 49,770 4,190 3,660
Other 30 270 3,090 700 400
Subtotal 330 790 52,860 4,890 4,060
Stationary Fuel
Combustion
Industrial N 10 N N 100
Residential 530 140 270 70 220
Conmercia1-
Institutional 970 480 410 110 1,240
Subtotal 1,500 630 680 180 1,560
Refuse Disposal
Incineration 10 40 170 N 10
Open Burning 20 260 1,360 480 180
Subtotal 30 300 1,530 480 190
Process Losses 0 2,260 0 0 0
Evaporative Losses 0 0 0 4,040 0
GRAND TOTAL 1,860 3,980 55,070 9,590 5,810
-------
TABLE 14
SUMMARY OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN CANYON COUNTY, 1969
(Tons/Year)
SuI fur Partic- Carbon Hydro - Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides u1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Motor Vehicles 150 250 19,470 1,740 1.770
Other 20 70 40 80 130
Subtotal 170 320 19,510 1,820 1,900
Stationary Fuel
Combustion.
Industrial 220 260 40 10 560
Residential 350 100 230 60 120
Connnercial-
Institutional 290 150 130 30 370
Subtotal 860 510 400 100 1,050
Refuse Disposal
Incineration 10 30 120 N 10
Open Burning 10 100 550 200 70
Subtotal 20 130 670 200 80
Process Losses 0 0 0 0 0
Evaporative Losses 0 0 0 1,990 0
GRAND TOTAL 1,050 960 20,580 4,110 3,030
-------
TABLE 15
SUMMARY OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN EIM>RE COUNTY
(Tons/Year)
u
Su1 fur Partic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen
Source Category Oxides u1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Motor Vehicles 50 80 6,030 540 560
Other 10 90 80 90 120
Subtotal 60 170 6,110 630 680
Stationary Fuel
Combustion
Industrial N N N N N
Residential 80 20 20 10 30
Conunerc1a1-
Ins t i tu Hona 1 190 250 450 90 140
Subtotal 270 270 470 100 170
Refuse Disposal
Incineration N 10 40 N N
Open Burning N 60 310 110 40
Subtotal N 70 350 110 40
Process Losses 0 0 0 0 0
Evaporative Losses 0 0 0 620 0
GRAND TOTAL 330 510 6,930 1,460 890
-------
TABLE 16
SUMMARY OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN PAYETTE COUNTY
(Tons/Year)
Sulfur Partic- Carbon Hydro- Ni trogen
Source Category Oxides u1ates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Motor Vehicles 30 60 4,340 390 400
Other 10 20 10 20 40
Subtotal 40 80 4,350 410 440
Stationary Fuel
Combustion
Industrial N N N N 30
Residential 70 20 40 10 30
Cormnercia1-
Institutional 40 30 40 10 50
Subtotal 110 50 80 20 110
Refuse, Disposal
Incineration N 10 30 N N
Open Burning N 70 380 130 50
Subtotal N 80 410 130 50
Process Losses 0 0 0 0 0
Evaporative Losses 0 0 0 440 0
GRAND TOTAL 150 210 4,840 1,000 600
-------
TABLE 17 SUMMARY OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN GEM COUNTY
(Tons/Year)
-------
TABLE 18
SUMMARY OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN BOISE COUNTY
(Tons/Year)
Su lfur Partic- Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen ..;
Source Category Oxides ulates Monoxide carbons Oxides
Transportation
Motor Vehicles N N 180 20 20
Other 10 30 20 40 70
Subtotal 10 30 200 60 90
Stationary Fuel
Combustion
Industrial 0 0 0 0 0
Residential 10 N N N N
Connnercial-
Institutional 10 10 10 N 10
Subtotal 20 10 10 N 10
Refuse Disposal
Incineration N N N N N
Open Burning N 10 30 10 N
Subtotal N 10 30 10 N
Process Losses 0 0 0 0 0
Evaporative Losses 0 0 0 20 0
GRAND TOTAL 30 50 240 90 100
-------
EMISSIONS BY GRID
,/
In the folloWing tables emissions by grid are given for the purpose
of describing geographic distribution of air pollutant emissions. Emissions
were divided into tWO source groups--point and area sources. The 21 point
sources are identified individually with respect to. locations and emissions.
Figure 5 shows the location of the 21 point sources in the area. /
Collectively these point sources account for 9 percent of the sulfur oxides,
51 percent of the particulates, 5 percent of the carbon monoxide, 7 percent
of the hydrocarbons and 6 percent of the nitrogen oxides. The percentage
of particulates is high due to asphalt batching, which is responsible for
approximately 39 percent of the total particulate emissions for the Study
Area. A sununary of point source emissions is given in Table 19.
Area sources. are sour.ces of pollutant emissions that are relatively
insignificant by themselves, but emit a large quantity of pollutants
collectively. Examples of area sources are motor vehicles, residential
housing, backyard burning, and small commercial establishments. Table 20
is total emissions ~y grid for the Study Area.
The emissions are presented for an annual average day, and average
winter day (December, January, February) and an average summer day (June,
July and August). The annual average daily emission rates were obtained
by dividing yearly totals by 365. Seasonal averages were calculated by
the use of space heating variations in fuel consumption and variations
in motor vehicle traffic activity. This method is described in detail
in the appendix. Other sources were assumed constant throughout the
c.
year.
-------
TABLE 19 Suw'ARY OF AIR pr.:;LLUTA:\T E.,tISSL;:,S F,~O:.: POI:-, T SOURCES
TO'!S / DAY
S::JX P~RT CO HC NOX
If) r,R HC VC S ,., A 5 A S \'1 A S I,! A S w A
5 3 6185 47760 o.~ 8.J 0.0 0.09 0.08 0.~f3 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.05
7 3 5925 47f>30 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.2;,) 0.20 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.11 ;:>.11
5 13 5350 47280 0.0 o.J 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 ('.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 ~ 5400 48040 0.0' 0.0 0.0 0.00 O.CO 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
S 12 '?6 9':; 413215 C.'" 0.0 ...,,, 0.24 0.24 0.24 1.?7 1.27 1.27 0.44 8.44 0.44 0.16 0.16 0.16
\...8.....
7 13 5630 4'3240 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.54 0.54 0.54 9.3;) 9.35 8.35 1.68 1.68 1.68 0.70 0.70 0.70
2 1 '+ 56 S5 49275 0.0 c.J 0.0 2.95 0.00 1.47 :.00 o. 'J", 0.0" O.UO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 16 Sf-IG 4328C. 0.') ~ ..J 0.0 2.95 0.00 1.47 G ";J 0.00 (;.00, c.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 21 5350 48285 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.59 0.66 0.62 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.61 '0.68 0.64
2 25 5640 4 ~ 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.39 0.00 1.69 0.00 0.00 ::J.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 "r'
Iwv
? 25 5630 483 0 c.O 0.0 0.0 3.07 0.00 1.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 C.oo C.OO 0.00 c.oo
UJ 5 27 561C 48390 0.0 C.D 0.0 0.06 0.06 0.06 C.31 0.31 0.31 0.11 0.11 C.ll 0.04 0.04 0.04
CD
5 37 5550 48L..40 0.'1 o.a c.o 0.04 0.:;4 8.C4 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.09 C.os 6.08 0.03 0.03 0.C3
5 37 5420 48450 0.0 ('I.e 0.0 o.uo 8.uO G.JQ O. f)3 'J. 03 0.03 0.01 U. Jl a.vl 0.00 0.0'0 D.O\,;
5 37 5440 48550 O.C' 0.0 0.0 :1.02 0.02 0.J2 :1.14 '].14 C014 0.')5 0.05 0.05 ::;.01 0.01 0.01
5 37 5630 48615 0.0 0.:; 0.0 Odl O.Cl 0.\.:1 0.C5 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 C.OO 0.00 O.Ou
5 39 5290 48450 0.0 n.] 0.0 o.oe 0.00 0.00 0.')3 0.03 C.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 (J.OD 0.00
5 39 5050 48510 0.0 0.0 C.\.: c.nc r) ~'r' 'w. j() :;. ')4 0.04 0.04 c.al 0.01 0.;)1 0.00 0.0:; 0.00
v8VV
5 39 5150 4"340 0.0 O.G 0.0 0.02 0.02 C.J2 ~.12 0.12 0012 O.~4 0.04 O. ')L.. 0.01 0.01 0.01
'3 4~ ...""......... 4SSSQ o.n O. ~ C r, 0.:Jf: 0.:"'6 O.v6 ~ "1 -:.31 C. 31 8.11 0011 O. il 0.84 0.04 :;.04
"')",,?.... . v ~) . .; ..
5 43 5090 4Q:>10 ..., ~ 0.:--' f' ,- 0.:; ~ 0.08 :.J8 CJ.42 ').42 0.42 0.15 0.15 :) 015 ~.')5 0.05 0.05
..... . ..' - ....J
~
, ,
-------
()
, ' \ .c
TABLE 20 5U"'~:""ARY OF AIq PCLLUTM:T E\1 I 5S IONS FROM ALL SOURCES
TC:'\S/ DAY.
SOX 0ART eo He NOX
GRID AREA S 'II A 5 \\' A S W A S ':/ A S W A
1 617.7 0..0 0..1. .0.1 0.1 .0.1 .0.1 2.6 1.7 2.2 .0.5 .0.4 .0.5 0.3 .0.3 .0.3
2 617.7 .0..0 0.0. .0..0 .0..0 .0..0 .0..0 1..0 .0.7 .0.9 .0.2 .0.1 .0.2 .0.1 .0.1 .0.1
3 617.7 .0.2 1.4 .0.7 .0.6 .0.8 .0.7 15.1 10.3 12.8 3.1 2.3 2.7 1.7 1.4 1.6
4 617.7 0..0 .0.1 .0.1 .0.1 .0.1 .0.1 2.8 2.1 2.4 0.5 .0.4 .0.5 .0.3 .0.3 .0.3
5 617.7 .0..0 .0..0 0..0 .0..0 0..0 .0..0 .0.5 .0.3 .0.4 .0.1 .0.1 0.1 .0..0 .0..0 .0..0
6 617.7 .0.0 .0..0 .0..0 .0..0 .0..0 .0.0 0.9 0.6 .0.8 0.2 .0.1 .0.1 .0.1 .0.1 0.1
7 154.4 .0.1 .0.2 0.1 .0.1 .0.2 .0.2 3.7 2.9 3.3 .0.8 .0.6 .0.7 .0.5 .0.6 .0.5
8 154.4 .0.1 0.3 .0.2 .0.1 .0.2 .0.2 6.1 4.9 5.5 1.2 1..0 1.1 .0.6 .0.8 .0.7
9 38.6 .0..0 .0.1 .0.1 .0..0 .0.1 .0.1 1.3 1.1 1.3 .0.3 .0.3 .0.3 .0.2 .0.3 .0.2
1.0 38.6 .0..0 .0.1 .0..0 .0.0 .0.0 .0..0 2.0 1.5 1.8 0.3 .0.3 ..0.3 .0.2 .0.2 .0.2
11 38.6 .0.0 .0.1 .0..0 .0.0 .0..0 .0..0 .0.4 0.3 .0.3 .0.1 .0.1 0.1 .0.0 .0.1 0.1
IN . 12 9.6 .0..0 0.0 .0..0 .0.3 0.3 .0.3 2.5 2.2 2.4 .0.7 .0 .'6 .0.7 .0.3 .0.3 .0.3
\0
. ,
13 9.6 .0..0 0..0. .0..0 0.6 .0.6 .0.6 5.7 8.6 8.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 .0.7 .0.7 0.7
"
14 9.6 0.1 1..0 .0.5 3.2 0.6 1.8 1.0.1 8.3 9.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 1..0 1.7 1.3
15 9.6 .0.2 2.0 1...0 .0.3 1.1 .0.7 29.8 23.9 26.6 4.4 3.8 4.1 1.S 3.3 2.5
16 38.6 .0..0 .0.2 .0.1 3..0 .0.1 1.6 3.5 2.S 3.1 .0.6 0.5 .0.6 .0.3 .0.4 .0.4
17 35.6 .0.1 .0.4 .0.2 .0.1 .0.2 .0.2 5.9 4.7 5.4 1.1 .0.9 1..0 .0.6 .0.8 .0.7
18 9.6 .0..0 .0.4 .0.2 .0.1 .0.3 .0.2 4.5 3.6 4.3 1..0 .0.8 .0.9 .0.5 .0.9 .0.7
19 9.6 .0..0 .0.1 .0.1 .0..0 e.l .0..0 2.1 1'06 2.0 .0.3 .0.3 .0.3 .0.1 0.3 0.2
2.0 9.6 0.1 1.6 .0.8 0.3' 1..0 .0.6 16.1 12.9 1,.3 3.5 3.0 3.4 1.7 3.3 2.5
21 9.6 0.6 a.e 0.7 0.7 e. 7 .0.7 3..0 2.3 2.8 .0.5 .0.4 .0.5 .0.9 .0.9 .0.9
22 154.4 .0..0 .0.1 .0.1 .0..0 .0.1 .0..0 1.3 1..0 1.2 .0.3 0.2 .0.3 e.l .0.3 .0.2
23 3'3.6 .0..0 .0..0 .0..0 .0..0 0..0 0..0 .0.4 .0.3 .0.3 .0.1 .0.1 .0.1 .0..0 .0..0 .0..0
24 9.6 .0.1 1.5 .0.8 .0.3 .0.8 .0.5 16.8 13.7 15.1 3.3 2.8 3..0 1.6 2.6 2.1
-------
26 9.6. 0.0 o.c c" 0.0 J.O 0.0 0.1 0.1 ael O.'J 0.0 0.0 0.0 a.o 0.0
.v
'27 9.5 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 l.2 0.1 2.3 1.9 2el 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3
28 38.6 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.4 14.0 11.2 12.5 2.6 2.2 2.4 1.3 1.8 1.5
29 38.6 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 5.0 4.8 5.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.7
30 38.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.5 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
31 9.6 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 3.7 2.8 3.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3
32 9.6 0.0 Oel 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2
33 9.6 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 11.1 8.6 10.4 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.0 0.9 1.0
34 9.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 1.5 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
35 617.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 c.o 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
36 617.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 o.g c.o 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.::> 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
37 347.4 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.5 10.3 7.6 9.0 2.1 1.7 1.9 1.1 1.5 1.3
38 154.4 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 3.5 2.7 3.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.6
39 347.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.7 3.7 4.4 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6
.1 40 617.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
~ 41 617.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
o
42 347.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
43 617.7 0.2 0.9 0.5 Q.5 0.8 0.6 15.2 10.6 14el 3.1 2.3 3.0 1.6 1.8 1.8
-------
"
EMISSION DENSITIES
In order to provide a visual representation of the emissions of
pollutants by grid, emission density maps have been provided. Figures 6
throUgh 10 show variation in endssion densities for the respective
grids throughout the Study Area. As expected the emissions generally
follow the pattern and degree of urbanization. Emission densities are
higher in grids with high populations and correspondingly high vehicuLar
and industrial activity.
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Particulate,emission density for the-study area, ,1969.
8~12-
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45
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72-
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47
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-------
REFERENCES
1.
,
Ozolins, C. and R. Smith, Rapid Survey Technique for Estimating
Community Air Pollution, USDHEW, PHS, October, 1966.
2.
Duprey, R. L., Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
USDHEW, PHS, 1968.
3.
Highway Statistics/1965, United States Department of Transportation,
Bureau of Public Roads, 1966.
4.
Fuel Oil Shipments Annual, United States Department of Interior,
Bureau of Mines, September 17, 1966.
5.
Shipments of Fuel Oil and Kerosine, USDI, Bureau of Mines.
6.
1968 National Survey of Community Solid Waste Practices, an Interim
Report, United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Public Health Service.
7.
Duprey, 2£. cit.
-------
APPENDIX
METHOD FOR CALCULATING StJl1MJm, WINTER AND ANNUAL
AVERAGE EMISSIONS FOR FUEL CONSUMPTION IN STATIONARY SOURCES
YEARLY AVERAGE (A)
.-
A = Fuel Consumed x Emission Factor (E. F. )
Days of Operation
."
c.
e.g. A plant consumed 100,000 tons of coal in 1967 while operating
365 days. The total degree days for the area was 4,800 and
2,800 for the three ~nter months. The plant was estimated
to use 15 percent of the fuel for space heating and 85 percent
for process heating. From this information, the annual
average emission for carbon monoxide would be the following:
A = 100,000 Tons/year x3 lbs. COlTon coal
365 Days/year x 2,000 lb./Ton
A = 0.41 Ton/Day
.n
WINTER AVERAGE (W)
W = Fuel Consumed x.E.F.
Days of Winter Operation
x
Winter Degree Days
Total Degree Days
x
% Fue 1 Used
for space heating
( .
+ Fuel Consumed x E.F. % Fuel used for heating
365 x process
W ~ Go,OOO x 2.800 0.15 100,000 0.8~ 3
90 x 4,800. x .... 365 x 2,000
W = 0.49 Ton/Day
SUMMER AVERAGE (S)
s = Fuel Consumed x E.F.
Days of Summer Operation
Summer Degree Days
x
Total Degree Days
x
% Fue: Used
for space heating
+
Fuel Consumed x E.F.
365
x
% Fuel used for process heating
"
....
s' = rioo,ooo
L: 90
x
o
4,800
x
0.15
+
100,000
365
x 0.8j
3
2,000
s = 0.35 Ton/Day
J
-------
APPENDIX B
METRIC CONVERS I9N FACTORS
Multiply ~. To Obtain
Feet 0.3048 Meters
Miles 1609 Meters
Square Feet 0.0929 Square meters
Square Miles 2.59 Square kilometers
Pounds 453.6 Grams
Pounds 453.6/104 Tons (metric)
Tons (metric) 1.103 Tons (short)
. Tons (short) 907.2 Ki 10grams
Tons (short) .9072 Tons (metric)
To Obtain ~ Divide
------- |