United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Emergency and
Remedial Response
EPA/ROD/R01-93/082
March 1993
ERA Superfund
Record of Decision:
Nyanza Chemical Waste
-------
50272.101
REPORT DOCUMENTA110N ". REPORT NO.
PAGE EPA/ROD/ROl-93/082
~
3. Recipient's AccH8lon No.
4.
Title snd Subtitle
SUPERFUND RECORD OF DECISION
Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump, MA
Third Remedial Action
Author(s)
Ii
Report Data
03/30/93
6.
7.
I.
Perfonnlng Organization RepC. No.
9.
Performing Organization Name and AddnlSS
10
Project TukJWork Unit No.
". Contract(C) or Grant(G) No.
(C)
(G)
12. Sponaorlng Organization Name and Add..... .
U.S. Environmental Protection
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Agency
13. Type 0' Report & Period Cov8l'8d
800/800
14.
15. Supplementary Not..
PB94-963706
16. Abatract (Umlt: 200 word.)
The Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump site is a section of contaminated river and its
associated drainageways located in Ashland, Middlesex County, Massachusetts. This area
is known as the Continuous Source Areas, and includes an eastern wetland and several
surface water bodies including Trolley Brook, Outfall Creek, and the Lower Raceway.
Land use in the area is predominantly residential and industrial. The site borders the
Sudbury River, several wetland areas including the Trolley Brook to the north, and
undeveloped woodlands to the south and west. From 1917 through 1978, several companies
conducted manufacturing and production operations at the site. Until 1978, when the
facility ceased operations, Nyanza produced textile dyes and dye intermediates onsite.
Additional products manufactured by the other companies included various colloidal
solids and acrylic polymers. Beginning in 1917, chemical wastes were disposed of in
various locations on the property, with the majority of these wastes deposited in an
unsecured landfill, known as Megunko Hill. These wastes included partially-treated
process wastewateri chemical sludge from the wastewater treatment proceSSi solid
process wastes and solvent recovery distillation residues in dr~si and
off-specification products. Other process chemicals, which could not be recycled or
(See Attached Page)
17. Document Analyala a. D8ac:rlptora
Record of Decision - Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump, MA
Third Remedial Action
Contaminated Media: sediment, sw
Key Contaminants: VOCs (benzene, TCE), other organics (PAHs, PCBs, pesticides), metals
(arsenic, chromium, lead)
b.
IdentllieralOpen-Endlld Terms
c.
COSATI Field/Group
11. Availability Statement
19. Security CI... (Thl. Report)
None
20. Security Clu. (Till. Page)
None
21. No. 0' Pages
106
22. PrIce
(S.. ANSI.Z39.18)
S..lnstruct/ons on Rill/IN"
OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77)
(Fonneriy NTI5-35)
-------
EPA/ROD/ROl-93/082
Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump, MA
Third Remedial Action
Abstract (Continued)
reused, including phenol, nitrobenzene, and mercuric sulfate also were disposed of on the
property. It has been documented that chemical wastes were disposed of in wetland areas,
including the Trolley Brook wetland, which received waste effluent discharge from various
manufacturing operations. Originally, Nyanza and its predecessors discharged the dye
waste stream to a concrete vault or settling basin adjacent to the main process building.
Liquid from this sump overflowed via a pipe into Chemical Brook, which flowed into Trolley
Brook, through a chemical culvert into Outfall Creek, and then into the raceway that
eventually entered the wetlands along the Sudbury River. During the 1960s or 1970s, the
vault was taken out of service, filled with sludge, and covered over with fill; however
the vault continued to be a source of ground water pollution. In 1970 and 1972, State
investigations determined that mercury contamination in the Sudbury River was the result
of uncontrolled sludge and wastewater disposal at the Nyanza property. From 1972 to 1978,
the State cited Nyanza for several contamination problems associated with illegal dumping
activities, and in 1973 the State ordered Nyanza to conduct several additional studies to
identify contaminated source areas and to devise plans to control ground water
contamination from the property. In 1979, the owner attempted to complete this ground
water remediation, but was halted by the State pending further investigations. EPA
divided the site into four OUs for remediation. A 1985 ROD provided for soil and wetland
excavation at nine localized areas of contamination; solidification of the water-bearing
excavated sludge, sediment, and soil; placement, capping, and consolidation of those
materials left in place on the hill area in the southern part of the property; and
construction of a diversion trench to divert surface water flow and lower the ground water
table beneath the cap, as OUI. In 1985, the State conducted an interim response measure
at the site which included fencing the Trolley Brook Road embankment; filling site areas;
and culverting Chemical Brook through the neighboring property. In 1987, the State and
EPA initiated a sludge removal action of the vault contents; removed 665 tons of soil
adjacent to the vault; incinerated 309 tons of this material; and removed 356 tons offsite
to an ~pproved landfill. In 1988, 2,512 tons of sludge from the vault were solidified
onsite and disposed 9f at an offsite RCRA landfill. Also in 1988, as part of an ongoing
effort to ease pOllution of the river, the State ordered Nyanza to install a pretreatment
system for industrial process water and to discharge the treated waste to the municipal
sewer collection system. A 1991 ROD addressed an interim remedy for ground water and
provided for extraction and treatment of ground water and conducting additional studies,
as OU2. This ROD addresses the contaminated drainageways between the property and the
Sudbury River and within the 33-mile stretch of the river, as OU3. A future ROD will
address a final remedy for the site, as OU4. The primary contaminants of concern
affecting the sediment and surface water are VOCs, including benzene and TCE; other
organics, including PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides; and metals, including arsenic, chromium,
and lead.
The selected remedial action for this site includes excavating the sediment from the
continuous source areas with mercury contamination greater than 1 mg/kg; dewatering and
disposing of the sediment onsite under a portion of the cap constructed as part of OUl;
reconstructing the areas under the cap removed during disposal; treating water from the
dewatering operation onsite, if necessary, based on the results of a bench-scale study;
discharging this water onsite to surface water; monitoring and restoring any impacted
wetland areas; and implementing institutional controls. The estimated present worth cost
for this remedial action is $20,419,000, which includes an estimated annual O&M cost of
$449,770 for 30 years.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS OR GOALS:
All sediment exceeding 1 mg/kg of mercury will be excavated and disposed of under a RCRA
-------
..;1(0 n.')-~
i ~ ;
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~... ~:.<"
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION I
J.F. KENNEDY FEDEFIAL BUILDING. BOSiON, MASSACHUSEijS 02203.22"
DEC~~~;TIC~ FOR THE
RECORD OF DEC:SIC~
.
0>.
S~~e N~e and Location
Nya~za C~e~ical Waste D~=p
O~e~able Unit III
~s~land, Massac~uset~s
Supe~fur.d
Site
"
. S~atemen~ of P~~ose
T~~s Dec~sicn Dcc~~ent ~resents the selected re~edial action for
t~is Site develoced in accordance with the Co~crehensive
E~~iron~e~tal Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
(CE~CLA), as amended by the Superfund Amendments ar.d .
Reauthorization Ac~ of 1986 (SARA), and to the extent
practicable, the National Contingency Plan (NC?) , 40 CFR
Pa~ 300.
The COII'.l::cnweal th
remedy.
of Massachusetts has
j
concurred
wi~~ ~e selected
statement of Basis
This decision is based on the A~inistrative Record which was
developed in accordance with Section l13(k) of CERC~ and which
is available for public review at ~~e information repositories
located at the public libraries in ~~e Ashland, Fr~ingham,
Wayland, Sudbury, Lincoln and Concord, Massachusetts, and at ~~e
EPA offices at 90 Canal Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The' .
attached index identifies the items which comprise ~~e
Administrative Record upon which ~~e selection of a r~edial
action is based.
."
"
""
Desc=i~tion of the Selected Remedv
The third operable unit is an additional source control remedy'
involving the cleanup of mercury-contaminated sediments in a
wetland and certain drainageways between the area of former
Nya~za, Inc. operations and the Sudbury River. These areas are
referred to as the Continuing Source Areas. In sumcary, the
re~edy pr=vides for: 1) excavation of sedi~ent with mercury
levels a~cve 1 mg/kg froe the Continuing Source Areas; 2)
cewa~ering of the contami~ated sedime~t; 3) disposal of dewatered
'"
,-'''0..
.~,,,,
. 4"-:'",
:. SAYEtT!, :
~"W:ri!f . -
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-------
2
seci=.e~~$ t.:.~=e= a pc=~icr. cf ~~e ca= ccns~=~=~ec t.:.~=e= t~e firs~
cpe=a=:= t.:.~:~ re=.ecy; 4) ==c=~s~~~c~~Qn cf ~~e area c: ca::
.,..:.,......../::;..~ ~.._~ -- ,..; ~ s"'''''<:a'' :::) --::;'::0--0"- ; -= -:"-es-a-" C.: ..~::-
:-.......... -.- '-:-_..",,:: --:- ~......- ~, -. ----""...-..-, -- ..-- .::. -- I - w-----
==c=. ~~e ce~a~e=~~g c;era~~cr. N:t~ d~sc~ar~e t= a~ c~-Si~e
C::"--=;:--= '.a-=- ;.....~"/'. ::.) "-:s---::o-;c" C-= ;_...",..--=.,..; '.e-~'" - - 7)
7""--~-- ~ --- "----' 'WI -- '------.. - ..._u:-~---- W :-_--f:C a_eas;
~~s~:~~~:cr.a: c=r.~==:s t~ li=~~ expcs~=e t= ccr.ta=i~a~~s i~ t~e
St.:.d1:t.:.:-.: ?.~'/e:-; 8) o:ar.ninC' a~c i:::=:e::e:lta-.:~=r. cf ::t.:..l:lic a'",;areness
,--;~ ~::= -- ;..._~~= '~-:";I"'- k- ;.i.=":- :- ,.- - :.--;- -~
a___J'__--s -- -......---se pu_--- ...cw----::e a_c_- c_r:....~-_..a~_on
""'=~.::t.':_':_- 1- -""Q S'''''';~'~'''''''Y t:)~,,:r.:.... S~~,;"".o--s ~,........ -F':S~. C) ..... ""''::-"........i
---...--.-..-:: _00 .....- """"'-100- .--'-- ""----..'- .....- -- .., ~ :-oe_--.___._ng
c:""-=~- --=-,..;=.S.,......, S-.'''';;es t- "'~,..; i.. --"e ,..;=S~,...- co: --..... se'''''''-:''';
-- "-- -.. ::- - - -- --::.. ....--- ..... c;;o.-- -.. --. ....- -",:.. - 1-..- - -- ---
re~ecy; ar.= 10) crea~:cn cf a f=t.:.=~~ cpera1::e un~~ ~c ccr.d~c~
.. "'. .... . . - .. ... .
a~~~~:c~a~ ~~ve5~~ga~~on c: ~~e S~c=~~~ R~ve=.
T~e f:=s~ c~eratl= u~~t ROD, wtic~ ~as siq~ed i~ Sa~~e~~e= 1985,
ac=res$;c c=~~a=i~at== sludges a~c s=~ls a~ t~e S:~e cy
excava~~~g ~~e= :=c~ cutlying areas, c=nsol~=ati~g t~e= wi~h
s:udge$ a:ready cr. Megunko F.~ll, ar.d =~~y:~g t~e= u~de:- a~
i=per=eatle cap, This re~e=y also i~=luce= an upgraci=n~
divers:cr. t=e~c~ to p=ecluce cc~~ac~ with g=ound~a~er a~d s~~face
water ~~nof: wi~h t~e bu~ied ma~erial. C=ns~~~c~ic~ c: t~e first
operatle u~~~ re=eciy tas
]:ee~ c::l!:;:le,:ec.
The secc~d cpe=atle unit addressed gr=~nd~ate~ cont~ination at
t~e Site. This ROD, signed in Septe==e~ 1991, selected an
interi~ ~e~e=ial acticn that included ext=ac~ion and t=eat:ent of
groundNa~e~ for a mini~um of five years/and pe~fo~ance of
ad:itional st~dies before adcption of a final gro~~dwate~ remedy.
This i~te=i= remedy is c~r~ently being desi~ed.
The thi== operable unit (OU rII) re~edy will address risks to
h~an and ecological receptors c~rrently posed by ~~e Continuing
Scurce Areas as well as eliminate these a~eas as scu~ces of
continued contamination to the Sudbury River. The cleanup level
of 1 mg/k; of merc~r£ in sediment was selected because it will be
protec~ive of aquatic organisms in the Conti~uing Source Areas
and becat.:.se ~~is level is ecruivalent to back~ound levels found
in the Rive~ upstream of the Site. Fu=the~cre, ~~is cleanup
level will be protective of human heal~~ in tbe Continuing Source
Areas under all e~osure scenarios. Because OU II! does not
include active rem~diation of contaminants L~ ~~e Sudbury River,
risks to hu:a~ health and the environment will be cont=olled
throu~h the i~::le~entation of institutional controls and public.
awa~e;ess activities as an interi~ remedy until a final River
remedy is selected under operable unit rv.
,;
-------
3
Declarat:.on
T~e selec~ad re~ecy is prctec~ive cfhu:a~ heal~~ a~d t~e
envi=on:ent, at~ains Federal and Sta~a re~i=e~ents ~~at are
applicable for ~~is re:edial ac~icn a~d is cost-effec~ive. The
selec~ed re:edy utilizes pe~anent solutions and alternative
treat=ent techr.ologies to ~~e maxim~ extent practicable.
However, because treat:ent of ~~e principal ~~eats of ~~e Site
was no~ fo~~d to be Dracticable, t~is re~edv does not satisfy t~e
statutor~ preference-for trea~ent as a principal element of-t~e
re:edy. Given ~~e relatively low levels of mer~~r: detected in
~he Continu~ng So~rce Areas as compared to levels already beneat~
t~e cap, ~~e fact t~at a cap was selected as ~~e appropriate
re:edy for =erc~rJ-conta~inated soils, sed~ents, and sludges
under the first operable unit, and t~e fact t~at t~ere is
c~r=ently no dest~~c~ive technology for metals, EPA ~as
dete~ined ~~at contai~~ent 0: the contaminated sediments in the
Continuing Source Areas is preferable to trea~ent.
:3 - 71)-17
c?~ &fi~
Paul Keough ~
Acting Regional Administrator,
J
Date
-------
REGION
I
RECORD 01' °DECISIO:!l
3DBD. ':"foc"""OL ~ DtIKP ~ S:I~
V~~c!l 30, 1.99,J.
I I
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C:=nclusic:
Conta.J:d:a.:1~s.
:0.:. ., .:::'0 p~ .ABD
S~~G
OF AL'.l:'=:"~U~:r.vES
A.
B.
S~a~~~0=7 ~e~~=a:en~s/~es~onse Objec~::'7es
Tec=:ology an~ Al.te=at::.ve Deve~opment
a.:d Sc=ee...,,:.,q
DZSC~:~:ON O~ AL~~=~i'::S
S~~y OF
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C=MPA..~~~...:: A...~YS:rS OF AL~~~S.
-
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C1.ea.=up Levels.
C=s~s of Selec~ed Al~e==a.~ive
:Cesc=iption of Re=e~::.a~ C==pcnents.
i.:.
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.
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40
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==e Selec~=c Re:ecy ~s ?:=~=~~i7e 0: AU:~
Eeal:~ anc t~e Z~7i=:::e:~
==e Selec~ec Re:ecy A~~a~~s ~~~
~=e Selec~sd Re:ec:..a: Ac:i:: is C:st Z==ec~ive
~~e Se:ec~ed Re:ecy ~~i:~==s ~~==a:2:t Sclu~ic:s
a~: A~~e=:a~~7e ~=ea~=e~~ c= Rescu=:e Rec:ve:;
7===~=:oqies ~ t=e ~~~i=~ ~x~~:~ ?=ac~~=~le
==e Se:ec~ec Re:ecy is ?:i:a=ily a C:ntai=:ent
?e:ec?, a:: Dces ~c~ crse ==ea::e:t as a ?=~~c~;al
.:.~e:e::-:
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S!GN:7:C;"''l':' c~~rG::;S
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OF ~:~Y?ES
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Site
2.
2
3
4
N~.~::: a.
Loca~:..o: ~a;:
Nya::a C?era=le ~:~: ~~- s:~=7 ~ea.
Nya::a Site Feat~es/c=nti:~i~~ Sou::e Areas
::;:clcgi:al Risk Assess~e:~ ::;X;csu:e Scena=ios.
Tab 1 e Numbe =
LIST OF =~LZS
Plate Numbe:
1
1-
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
Rt:::an Real. t= Cont~ants of c:nc;Jb-
RU:an Realt~ Cont~ants of C:ncer.:-
S'U:C1a-; of Ruman Real.1:~ Risk Results
E=olog~cal Ccnta:i:a:ts of Cc:ce:= .
SU::::ary of Remectial. Alter.:a1:ives Sc=eening
C:=~a=iscn c: Costs- ,~, Alte=.:atives.
C=ecical. Specific ~.
Ac~ion S~ecific A.~.
LccatiQ~ Speci~ic ~s.
.
crgani.c.
:!:1or;-an.ic.
LIST OF ?U~S
A;:p=ox:':2.te
Sec~~cn Q~ ocr !
Cap
to be :emoved
A?!'~'ID!C:;:S
Responsiveness Sn~-a:y
State Concu==~:ce Let1:e:
A~nis1:=a1:ive Recc:a I:dex.
iii
.
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6:'
6:'
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60
pac::e N'Uml:e:
67
6a
69
82.
82
87
88
92
98
A
B
C
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I.
SITE Nk~E, :~CAT!CN ANn DESCR!PTION
T~e Nyar.z: C~e~i~:l Was~e Du=~ Su?e~f~~d Si~= is lcca~ed i~ the Tc~~ cf
As~!and, ~i~~:esex Ceu~~~, Massachuse~~s (see Figu~e 1). Ashland is
l~=a~ed i~ ~~e .~-~--_~_~~e_~-_~a_~=__= C--- eas~-_-_~-.. M ~-ac - ~ ~ ~ ~
. . - . . . - . .a_", huse. ts, ...c==erec D"::(
Sr.e==orn ~e ~~e e:s~, Se~t~=c=eucn to ~~e wes~ and nc~~h~est, Fra~~~cha~ ~=
. . ~ .'. ... ~ J '. ."
t~e nor~~, a~c EC?K~nt=~ and ~c~l~stcr. to t~e scu~h. Ash!:nd is 25 miles
wes~-scu~~~es~ cf Bcsto~, and ZC miles east-scu~heast of Wc~oester. .
T"o t=- "c:~t=" ~-c'''c.'e- t""e O:--e"" Nva-za ~-c P~-'Oe"--'1 (as de~-~~""e~
"."':' _.....~.. -7 - ... -- :: .. ~.--_I. - -... ':-. 0- . - --... - '-'.. -'-- -- -
=e~cw); c=:~nageways ce~ween ~~e P=cpe=~y an:: t~e Suc.=ury ~~ver; a~d the
Sudbury R~Je~ cc~~s~=ea= t= i~s c=n=lue~ce ~~~~ t~e Assa=e~ Rive~ i~
Ccncerd (see Fig~=e 2).~ Some cf these drai~ageways, refe~=ed to as the
Ccn~inuing Sou~=e Areas are the focus cf this Rece=~ of Decision (ROD).
The Continuing Seu~=e A=eas incl~de the Eas~e~n We~land, T=elley Breck,
Outfall C=ee~ and the lcwe~ Raceway (see Fig~~e 3).
The Nyanza, Inc. ?~ope~y (Pre?e~y) i~cludes the 35-ac=e a~ea consisting
la~;ely of the a~ea for=erly cwned and opera~ed by Nyanza, Inc. The
Property includes several wetlands, the Meg~~ko Hill area, and the lower
industrial area along Megunko Road. The Hill is located i~ the southern
pa~t of t~e P~ope=ty and was f~~e~ly used as a lar.dfilljd:sposal a~ea.
The lowe~ indust~~al area was fo~erly the lccation of dye manufacturing
facilities, t~e wastewate~ trea~ent syste~ a~d a series cf settling
lagoons south of Megunkc Road. The Property is approximately bounded by an
ac~ive Conrail railroad line a~d Chemical Breok to ~~e no~~, wetland areas
and Cherry Street to the east, and undeveloped mixe~ hardwood forest land
to the sout~, sou~heast, and west. The Sud:u=y River is approximately 700
feet nort~ of the Prope~y.
The Town of Ashland occ~;ies a;;roxi~ately 12.9 square miles, of which 18
percent is open water a~~ wetland areas, and more than 40 percent is
intensively developed. The bulk of development has oc=ur~ed in respcnse to
the need fc~ single- and multiple-family housing c~ea~ed by rapid econoeic
expansion along the major t~ans?ortation routes: State Route 128 (I-95),
I-495, U.S. Route 9, and I-290. From 1951 to 1980, agriculture and open-
land use in the a~ea has decreased from 19 to less ~~an five percent.
A description of the Site can ce found in Section 3 of the Remedial
Investigation Repcrt.
For purposes of i~plementing this remedy under CERCLA
Section 121(e) (1), the "Site" shall be lithe areal e~tent of
conta~ina~icr. and all sui~able areas in very close proximity to
the cer.ta=inaticn r.ecessa~T for i==lementation of the res=onse
action. II Na~ional oil and.Haza~dous Su=stances Pollut:on.
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2
I!.
SI~E EISTC~Y AND E~O~CE~NT AC~:7ITIES
A.
Land
Use a=.c.
Response H~story
\)
---- 19:7 ~~rc~g~ 1978, the ?==perty ~as cc=~;ied ~.? seve=~l c===anies
i""'-'ve'" i- t;.,"" -anu~ac-u""= co: Vari,.."s C"'OC.""""-- "';X"'i'c "';'/es a;.,.. c.'ve
-...-- - -.. ..- -. - -..- - --1...,- _io-_::;). -- ---- -- ....--
i~~:~ec:~~es we=e producec a~ the ?ro~er~y ~~~il 1978 w~:~ Nya~za, I~c.
a~~arer.~l: cease= o~eratier.s. Prod~c:~s ma~~:aot~=ec or. ~~: Pro~er~y in
ac~:~ior. ~o t~cse previcus:! ilien~icr.ec inc~~dec incr;ar.io colloidal solids
a~c: ac=y~:o po:'~~ers. Nya~za, Inc. ,.;as the :::cst recen~ d:'= mar.t::ac-=~=ing
c=~;any t= oc=~~y t~e P~ope=~y. The :=~e~ ~:=nt g~=~nds ~Cw a~e oc=~pied
~y severa:' indt:s-==ial conce=r.s, the lar;est e: whic~ is N!acol Produc~s,
1::-:c.
S~ar-=ing ;- 19l~, seve=al ty~es ef e~e:::ic:al wastes were disposec a: in
various lccatier.s on the P=o~er-=y wi-=~ t~e :::ajority of t~ese was~es
de~esitec en Me~~nko Hill, w~ieh was used as an unsecurec land:::'l. Wastes
included pa=tially-t=eatec process was~ewat=r; che:::ic:al s:~dge fro~ the
was-=ewater treat=ent p=ocess; solid p=ocess wastes (e.g., che~ical
precipitate and =ilter cakes) in dr~:::s; solver.-= reccve::-y c::stil~ation
residue ir. dr~~s; and off-s~ecification products. Process che=icals~~at
could not be recycled or reused (including phenol, nitrocer.zene, and
mercuric sUlfate) were also disposed ef on the Property.
C~e~ical wastes .ere also disposed of in ~~e wetland areas. The Trolley
Srock Wetland received waste effluent discharge frc~ varic~s manufacturing
eperations in ~e area. The northwest wetland area at t~e headwaters of
Che~ical Srook contained was~ewater treatment sludce and ~ossiblv received
overflow from an underground concrete wastewater v~ult t~~-= discharged into
Che!:!ical Erook.
Nyaroza, Inc. and its predecessors originally disc~arged ~~e dye waste
stream to a concrete "vault" or settling basin adjacent to the main process
building. The vault was used as a ce~~ral sump for the collection of
wastewater from the entire Nyanza, Inc. operation, as well as for o~~er
generating tenants housed in the immediate vicinity. This vault was
approximately 40 x 80 feet and approximately 10 feet deep. The liquid
occasionally overflowed via a pipe into Chemical Erook which flowed into
Trolley Brook and through Chemical Brook culve=t into Ou~fall Creek and
then into the Raceway that entered the wetlands along the Sudbur1 River.
The vault was taken out of se~~ice in the 1960's or 1970's and was
subsequently filled with sludge and covered over with fill. However, the
vault continued to be a source of groundwater pollution a~ the Site until
its removal in 1988. As pa~ of an ongoing effort to ease river pollution,
the Massac~usetts Division of Water Polluticn Control (Dw:C) ordered
Nyanza, Inc. to install a pretreat~ent system for industrial process water
and to discharge the treated waste te the Metropolitan Dis~rict Commission
(MDC) sewer collection syste!:!. Nyanza, Inc. connected to the MDC system in
Marc~ 1970.
~,
-------
~
J
l>,
...- f~r5~ tj~e c: ce~ta~~~a~:c~ l:~%ed ~= t~e Site was rner=~ry, d~s==vered
~~ ~~e Sud~~rj R~'ler i~ 1970, as ;ar~ c: a~ everall i~ves~~;a~io~ c:
~===~ry ~r==le~s i~ ~assac~~se~~s :=r t~e CW?C. A fellow ~; s~~dy i~ 1972
::cusi~g er. Nyanza, Inc. revealed ~ereury ccn~arni~a~ion i~ ~~e S~d=ury
~~'ler ~as ca~sed ~y unccr.~rclled sludge and was~ewater dis;csal a~ t~e
?=:;e::-~y.
S~~ce 1972, several inves~iga~icr:s ~ave ~een pro~;ted by cc~~a~ina~~on
;=~se~~ a~ O~ c~igi~ati~g f==~ t~; ?==;e~ty. Frc= 1972 t~==~gh 1977, DWF~
a~= t~e De;ar~=en~ c: Public Heal~~ (DPH) cited Nyanza, Inc. fcr several
==~~a~i~aticr. prcble=s associated Nit~ dumping activi~ies. FclloNi~g a
:973 DW?C order to i~plerner.t a pla~ to s~op f~=t~er grcund~a~er pollution,
~:~? ~resse: a~~ MCK7e, .Inc. (C:M), .~crk~n~ fe: Nyan~a~ I~c.~ per=c~ed a
~~i4 ~r.ves~~ga~~on a~~ec a~ source ~cen~lf~cat~on anc ceVlsec plans to
----,..-1 --.- ...... -.='" ... -~I""! -;~- ~--,.... ~~ '0--- .,...-"! ....... ~ - -~ -':
--"'--"-'- g~-u:,c...a..._- .con...a..._.,:---:.:.--,,-,,:. :..e --,:,:-e_-1, ..owe/e_, _,-..e :-_ans
~e=e ne~ l~p~e~en~ec. In 19/9, ~c~arc~. Camllle, a~ owner e= several
==~cels of t~e P~==e~tv, hire~ C=~~=~5~=ne En~:~ee~i~g, I~c. to c===lete
:~Q CDrA g~~u~~"~-e~ CO-llu-ion C-r:---1 ~--cr-~~- Hc"'eve- t~Q M~ss~c:use~--
-..- .. -'t""oI ........,Nc;;o.. - - - -- - .---- :::,..-..1....~"". "", -, -.- ~..~ c;;;o.... -"'--=
Ce~a~~en~ of E~vir=nmen~al Quality Engineering (DEQE, successor t= DWPC,
~c~ kno'Nn as t~e De~art~ent of E~v:r=n~ental Protection or DE?) hal~ed
~~ese plans, pending furt~e~ inves~igatien. In 1980, DEQE releasee a
Preliminary Site Assessmen~ Repor~ s~a~izing the Site histcry and
findings of previous investigations at the Site (DEQE, 1980). MCL
Development Corporation acqui=ed much of the P=operty in 1981, and hired
Connorstone Engineering, Inc. and Ca~r Research LaboratorI, Ino. to
characterize soil c=mposition and locate sludge de~osits.
The Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund Site was included en the original
Na~ional Priority List (NPL) of Superfund Sites in 1982 and a prel~inary
Re=edial Action Mas~er Plan (RAMP) was prepared. In 1984, ~~e
E~vironmental Protection Agency (E?~) authorized NUS Corporation (NCS) to
pe~fo~ a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS).
The September 4, 1985 ROD divided ~~e Agency's remedial response into
Operable Units (OUs) for ~~e purpcse of addressing distinct problems. The
Se~tember 1985 ROD 'was designated Operable Unit I (OU I) ar.d selec~ed soil
and wetland excavation at nine localized areas of contamination:
solidification of water bearing excavated sludge, sediments, and soil: and
placement, capping and consolidaticn of those materials with material left
in place on the "Hill" area in the southern part of t~e Property. A
=ive~sion trench' has been const~~cted on the side of Mequ~~c Eill a~ove ar.d
a==und the cacced area to divert surface water flow and lower the
grcundwater table beneath the cap as part of OU I. Constr~ction of the
project began in early 1989 and was completed in 1992.
....
I~ 1985, the DEQE undertook a~ Interim Response Measure at t~e Site
ccr.sisting of the following activities: fencing the Trolley Brook Road
e=~an~ent; placing one foot of clean fill in one of the Site areas to
~e~ove t~e t~reat of direct contact; and culverting C~e~ical Brook t~rcugh
ne:ghboring property.
-------
.;
!~ :anua=~' :937, DEQE a~d t~e ~?A E~,:r=~rne~~al S=~;:ces Civisi=~ (ES~)
i~:~iats= a s:~=;e re~=val a~~i=n c: t~e c=nte~ts Nit~in ~~e va~:~ (se~
;:-':"..."" J', "...~-... DJ:'Q;:' st"d"-""'" ;"'c~c"-Q": tha- -he ""'''1- a-c c""--"'''';na-Q,..
..::;-- .J:'_--,;:.-'-..: -:~ = --~~7...:.--:;-.... - '--... '.-:"" ~I .., --:.:7'--.-. ---
s,--- anc. -::--u..c..~a,-e- ~.. t..e V_-_:1~....! e- ,-..1.e vaul..., ...ere a s~gn~=.:.~ant
s-"--"" cO: ""--a"'~- c""nt""';-a-~-- i... t"'''' g-ounc"at""... "'''''w''' -" t .&: th
"-'---- - --~. ""--, - -....-.. '"-7-.".. --: ....- - . (1/ -- '--: ",..g..ac.~e!"! C.... .. e
a=sa. C:~~a~.:.~ants present ':'~~~ucec., =u~ were nc~ :.:.rn~ted to,
tri=~lor:e~~ene (TCE), c~lor==e~ze~e, and nitrobe~zene, all by-;r=duc~s of
aniline die cr=d~ction. Inor=e~ic e=~ta~inan~s f:~~d in t~e slu==e
- .... ...
i~::uded ~eavy ~etals s~ch as a~ti=en?, cad~i~ a~= chromium. I~itial:v,
t"-c vaul- ""-"""'t:=i-: -; -; _:.,.. t~.-_.... 1=-....,.:: ..~-'.,,' --- ---- ~ ..
u- - '--" --._nal..._c.. _:1ves_--::a --.. ...as p -....e- "--..-:1 .....e s,--:-= e:!:
O;erable ~~it I: (aU I:). DE;E and t~e EPA c=nduo~=d a s~=surfa=e
iniestiga~ion i~ the vault a~d surrou~ding area, c~:~inating in a decisien
to ;roceed i~~ediately with re=ediatien of t~e vau:~ area. T~e remeval
ac~ion was cond~o~ed by E?A's E=ergency Respe~se Tea~. From Oc~o=er to
De~e~er :937, 665 tons ef seil adjacent to t~e va~l~ were re~cved: 309
t=~s were incinerated, and 356 t=ns were shi;;ed o::-Site to an appreved
la~=fill. In Ma=oh and June 1988, 2,512 to~s of s:~=ge fr=m t~e vault Mas
se:idifie= on-S:~e and disposed of a~ an off-Site ~eseuree Conse~,atior. and
Re~ove~f A=~ (RC?~) landfill fac~lity.
In June 1937, E?A autherized t~e init~ation of R!/:S activities for au II,
addressi~g conta=inated groundwater migrating free t~e Property. A ROD was
signed fer this CU on September 23, 1991. The sele=~ed re~edy was an
in~erim re=edy fer qroundwater cleanup ~~at included extrac~ion and
treatment cf qroundwater for a mini~u: of five years and additional st~dies
befere adoption of a final re~edy. This re~e~y is c~rrently being
desiqned.
A third phase of RI/FS investigations, au III, foc~sed on contamination in
the drainageways between the Property and the Sudb~rf River and in a 33-
mile stret=~ of the River. Curinq the RI/FS, the scope of au III was
narrowed to focus on ~~e Continuinq Source Areas. The scope of ~is O~ is
disc~ssed in Section IV, below.
A more detailed description of ~~e Site histor: ~an be found in Section 1.2
of the Re=eciial Investigation Re;o~.
B.
Entor:ement History
On April 4, 1982, EPA sent 10 general notice letters to 18 entities it
believed were responsible pa~ies. On January 22, 1991, based on newly
acquired in=o~ation, E?A notified approximately 21 parties of t.~eir
potential liability with respec~ to the Site, some of whom had been
previously notified in the 1982 letters. An additienal party was notified
on June 21, 1991 based on new info~aticn supplied by the existing PRPs.
On July 22, 1991, eleven parties were removed from the PRE list. On
December 25, 1992, EPA no~ified one additional pa~y of potential liability
,.
I
(
..!'
-------
5
~
based on ~e~ in==~ation. EPA, t~e~efc~e ccnside~s eigh~een pa~ies
pc~ential:y lia;le to pe~form C~ pay fc~ ~~e clean~; of ~~e Si~e. EPA
ge~e~ally conduc~s negctia~ions with pc~entially responsi;le pa~ies (PREs)
as soon as pcssi;le rega~ding ~~e set~le~ent of ~~eir lia;ility at the
Site. Sc=e of t~e PRPs have fc~ed a S~ee~in~ Ccm:ittee and substantial
dis~ussic~s betNeen EPA and t~e Stee=ing co~Ittee have taken place.
,
The PRPs have been active in ~~e ~emedy selection p~ocess for this QU.
Tec~nical comments presented by PREs during ~~e public co=:ent period a=e
su=~arized in t~e responsiveness sum:arf, and the s~arf and written
co~~ents ~ave been included in the A~inistrative Record.
~
-------
6
II:. CO~_~UN:~Y PARTICIPATION
7~==u;~cu~ ~~e Si~e's ~is~ory, co~~uni~y concer~ a~d i~vc:ve~e~~ has been
~i;~. E?A has ke;t ~~e c=~~u~i~y and o~her interes~ed par~ies apprised 0:
~~e Si~e ac~i'li~ies t~r=ugh info~ational ~eetings, fac~ shee~s, press
re:eases and public =ee~ings.
"
During 1986, E?A released a Co~unity Relations Plan whic~ ou~:ined a
pr=;ra~ to address c=~~unity concerns and keep ci~izens infor=ed about
in.;clved in ac~ivities during t~e planning and execu~ion of re=edial
ac~ivities.
and
~~cn t~e star~ of co~s~ruc~icn of t~e cap and diversion ~re~c~ on-Site in
1929, E?A in~ensi:ied i~s cor.~uni~y relations eff=~s in response to public
concerns atou~ sa:et-; issues rela~ed to the clean~=. Fer a several month
""e-ioe' "eQ~'v ",eQ;-~:''''s <.'e-e r:' e''''; ...i-I-, -"'crese""-a-;ves e.::: ---e ...olice ar:d
:-0 - - ,'" -.,~- ~~. --"'..,,::, .,.,. - - -- ""--.. --. .....'- -- - t-... ~ - ..
fire depart=en~s, as ~ell as with concerned citizens and represen~atives ef
organized labor.
In June, 1992 E?A held three i~fo~ational meetings in t~e City of
Framingham, ~~ and ~~e Tcwns of Sudbury and Concord, ~~ to discuss the
results of the OU II! Remedial Investiaation. EPA distributed fact sheets
at these meetings sn--arizing ~~e results of ~~e investigation.
On December 31, 1992, EPA made the administrative record for au III
available for public review at EPA's offices fn Eeston and at t~e Ashland,
Framingham, Wayland, Concord, Lincoln and Sudbury Public Libraries. E?A
published a notice and brief analysis of the OU II! Proposed Plan in the
Middlesex News on December 29, 1992 and made the clan available to the
public at the above" lccations. -
On January 6, 1993, E?A held an informational meeting to discuss the
results of ~~e Re~edial Investigation and ~~e cleanup alternatives
presentee in the Feas~~ility Study and to present tbe Agency's Proposee
Plan for au III. Alsc euring this meeting, t~e Agency ans~ered questions
from the public. Fro: January 7, 1993 to March 10, 1993, the Agency held a
62 day public Comment period to accept public comment on the alternatives
presentee ,in t~e Feasi~ility Study and the Proposed Plan and on any other
documents previously released to the public. On January 27, 1993, the
Agency held a Public Hearing to discuss ~~e Proposed Plan and to accept any
oral comments. A transcript of this hearing and the co~ents and the
Agency's response to ccmments are included in the attacbed res;onsiveness
summary, Appendix A.
-------
i
:'1.
SCOPE ~ ROLE =F OP~?~LE ~:~
v
:je C~ I ROD Nas si~~ed or. Se~~e~er 4, 1985.
called for ~~e exca.ation of slud~es a~c their
:=pe==eable ca? c=ns~~~c~e~ on Meg~~ko Hill.
T~is s::u:.-=e
C:::;'-==:::.l.
remedy
.. ''''' ..
c~nsc~~~a~~c~ unce~ a~
re~ed:! is
nC~.l co~ple~e.
T~s c=~s~~~c~:=n of t~~s
~je CG II RCD Has si~~ed c~ Se~~=~~er 23, 1991. T~e re~ed:! selec~=d in
~jis ROD was an i~terim re~edy for ground~ater cleanu~ t~a~ incluced
-x--,.,-.-ion a"'c ""'c::>--"'nt cO: g-""u-c"a-e- for a mi..,i::nu- ,..-F '::"'/Q ve"'-s ",,.,'
='.':":-:--- .. .':"---.---- -. --." N '- - . . -..-" -- ""- :-- - - -- .-..e.
ac.c.~~~onal s~uc.~es ~efore ac.cp~~c~ ef a f~na~ re~edy. T~~s re::nedy ~s
c~rre~tly bei~g desi~~ed.
C~era=le Uni~ II: (C~ r:I) Has i~i~ially intended to address ccn~a~i~ation
o~ drainage~ay: b~tn:7n t~e proper;! a~~ t~e_~~d=u~i.?iv:~ as well as a 33-
:::.1.e s~retc:: or t_~e :'.~ver. The se~ec~ec. 00 ~~~ re!!!ec."l ac.::resses
~-...-,.-i~a-ie'" in se"--a' 0.: t~ese c."-::>i-age"avs ~e'::Q-~Q~ -- ,.s t~e
-w.......~.;.-_.. '-... .. - .:- - -..L --... tV - , - ...----- "-- ~ ..
Con~i::uing Source Areas, a~d provides for additional inve5~iga~ions to be
conduc~ed in t~e Su~ury River. Alternatives addressing cor.~amina~ion in
~he River were eli~i~ated from c=~sideration under C~ II! :ecause of an
inability to evaluate their effec~iveness using curre~~ data, the po~ential
for adverse i~pacts, and t~e inor:i~ately high costs asscciated wi~~ these
al~e~atives. Addi~ional investigation of ~~e Rive: is necessary to make
a final remedy decis~on. Eoweve~, because of ~~e levels of mercury in the
Continuing Source Areas which currently pose h~an healt~ a~d ecological
:isks and the potential for these areas to continue to c=nt~inate the
Sudbu~l River, it is appropriate to address ~~ese areas now while
additional info~aticn is being collected to assess ~~e fir-al remediation
of the River, which ~as been designated as ~~e fou~~ opera=le unit (OU
IV) .
In summary, the OU I:! remedy provides for: 1) excavation of sediment with
~ercu~l levels above 1 mg/kg from ~~e Continuing Source Areas; 2)
dewatering of the con~aminated sedi~ent; 3) disposal cf dewatered sediments
unde~ a po~ion of ~~e cap const~~cted under au I; 4) reconstruction of
the area of cap removed during dispesal; 5) treat~ent, if necessary, of
water from ~~e dewatering operation wi~~ discharge to an en-Site surface
water body; 6) restoration of i~pacted wetland areas; 7) institutional
controls to limit e~osure to contaminants in ~~e Sud:ury River; 8)
planning and implemer.~ation of public awareness ~ctivi~ies to increase
public knowledge abou~ the River contamination; 9) per=o~ing certain pre-
design studies to aic in ~~e design of the selected re~edy; and ~O)
c=eation of au IV to conduct addi~ienal investigation of t~e Sudbury River.
....
-------
a
v.
S~~RY OF S:TE C~?~CTER!ST:CS
A. General
C~actc- 2 c: -~Q OC ~i- ~S c---=:ns a- Ove~:;;ef.1 O~ ~~ -- T~ : -'~'
... .. . -- - - :....- ---. .-.:1..-:" .. - - '" ... I..ue .:'".-. ue s_g-...:.-~can::
flndlngs er tne ~! are s~~~a=,:,zec beleN. The Rl =e~o~ ~:::lize~
ir.fo~atior. de,e:ope~ b~' p=evious s~~dies and infor,;ation deve:o=ed as car::
of a tHo-o~ase~ fiel= prc~rar. to eval~a::e the OG II! S~d=~~1 River Stud~
Area (Study Area). ~he Study Area includes the crainageway; ce::Neer. the
Prope=::y ar.= t~e Su==ury River, including the Continuing Source Areas, and
a 33-mile s::re::o~ 0: t~e River from Ce=ar Swamp in Wes~=orcugr. ~o t~e
confluence of ~~e Su=bu~! and Assabet Rivers in Conc=r=. T~e s~ec:fic
objectives of ::~e OC II: field inves~igatien activities are s~~~a=:zed
below:
('
,
to assess ::~e nature and dis~ribution of con::a~inants in s~rface
wa::er, se~i~en::s and ciota of the Sudbu~i River and ::~e
drainageways be::Heen t~e Proper::y and ::he River, including the
Continuing So~rce Areas;
to assess the =ublic health and enviror~ental risk associa::ed
wi~h eleva::ed ievels 0: conta~inants observed in the sedi~ents,
s~rface water and bio::a of t~e Sudbury River and ~~e drainageways
between the Property and ~~e River, including t~e Continuing
Scurce Areas;
to develop res~onse cbjectives; and
to s~ppor:: the evaluation of remedial alternatives.
To achieve the above objectives, the tHo-phased field program commenced in
September, 1989 and con::inued until July, 1991. The following field
activities were conducted as part of ~~ese investigative efforts:
sampling and analysis of sediments from Cedar Swa~p Pond in
Westborough to ~~e beginning of the Concord River in Concord;
sampling and analysis of surface water from Cedar Sw~p Pend to
Heard Pond in Wayland;
sampling and analysis 0: fish from Cedar Swamp Pond to Fairhaven
Bay in Concord;
sampling and analysis of surface water and sediment in ~~e
taste=n Wetland, Trolley Brook, Chemical Brook c~lve~, Out:all
Creek, and the Raceway;
assessing wetlands adjacent to the River:
sampling and analysis of sediment from locations within ~~e
borde~ing wetlands of ~~e River:
monthly water sampling from several locations to define seasonal
fluct~ations in water che~ist=y:
.:"
-------
9
S\.:::-/:~"i~g
;..==: :
be!":t~ic bic~a
(;:c;u2.a~.:.on
de~si.":.y
cot.:~~)
i~ the S":.'.Jcy
u
sa~;:ing a~d anallsis of caddi.s fly la~vae i~ t::e Ri.'le~;
si.::-:eying bat::yme'::::-y and sedi=e~~ thic:-:...~ess in Rese:-,rc irs
2; a::=
1 and
ir:s;e~-:i~g
the C~e~ical Brook c~lvert by re~cte video ca~era.
"!'~e resi.:l ~s
repc=:;.
cf ":.~ese investi.gations
a:::-e E=~esented
in detail in ":.he RI
B. Physiog~ap::7
A desc:::-ip~icn cf characteris":.ics of the Si.:d=ury ?iver car. be fCi.:nd in
Sec~ion 3 of ~he RI Repor":.. Tr.e d:::-ainageways in'les":.igated as par":. of CU
III inves':iga~ions included t~e fcllcwing:
-The Eas~e~n We":.land, which receives drainage fro~ ~~e eas~ern pcrtio~
of the P:::-oE=er":.Y and consti":.utes the headwaters of a s~all t:::-i=u":.ary of
the Rive:::-.
-Che~ical and Trolley Brocks, which are the pri~ary surficial drainage
routes fro~ ~~e Prope~y and ~~e Eastern Wetland. The brccks merge
and discharge through a subsurface c~lvert (Chemical Breok culve~t)
which discharges to as~all creek called aut=all Creek and ~~en to ~~e
lower Raceway, downstream of ~~e Concord,Straet overpass in Ashland.
Chemical Brook and the Trolley Brook Wetland were remediated as pa~
of au r.
-The Raceway, a man-made canal which channelizes a portion of ~~e
river flow from a flow-control gate at Mill Pond into a ~~lvert which
passes benea~~ a large mill building. The Raceway is an eE=en canal
downstrea: of ~~is building before it rejoins the Sudbury River.
All of these drainageways except Che~ical Brook culvert comprise ~~e
Centinuin~ Source Areas. .~~emical Breok c~lvert is not ccnside=ed a
Continuing Source Area because of the small amounts of sediment in the
~~lvert and the relatively low levels of mer~ in that sedi~ent. These
drainageways are shown on Figure 3.
c.
Contamination of Affected Media
"
The assess~ent of Sudbury River anc Continuing Source Area conta~inaticn
was based on the 1989, 1990 and 1991 sampling data. The results of surface
water and sedi~ent sampling in the Continuing Source Areas and fish
sampling i~ t~e Sudbury River are su~arized below; additional sampling
results can be found in Section 4 of the R! Report.
-------
2.
10
1.
Sedi:::e!":':.
- T~e h~ghes~ co~cent~~~ions of me~curi in sedi~ents ocour i~ the
Eas~e~~ We~land a~ea, w~ich d~ains the easte~~ cor~ion of the Site.
The ave~age de~e~~ed le'iel 0= me~cu=y in this a=ea during the firs~
sa=pli~g round was 44.!4 pp~ with a maxi~um of 152 ppm. Phase 2
sampling 0: this area showed that the highes~ concent~ations of
ino~ganic con~a=~nan~s are i~ the uppe~ tHO fee~ of sediment in this
area. Concen~~a~ions decrease with decth and accroach non-detectable
at five to six =eet below ground s~rface. -.
- As sediments a~e t~anscorted dowr.st~ea~ throu~h Che~ical Brook
oulve~~ to Ou~fa:l C~ee%: me~cury concen~~ations decrease as sedimen~s
f~om o~~er souroes are ~ixed wi~~ ~~e con~amina~ed sediment from the
Site. F.oweve~, ~~ere is a drama~ic rise in mercury concentrations i~
River sedi=ent W~ere these drainageways (including the Raceway)
discharge to the Rive~. Maxi~um me~cury levels in sediment in Trolley
Brook and the Cu~:all C~eek/lower Raceway area were 36.5 and 99.2
mg/kg, res;ect~vely. .
- The maxi~~ me~cury concentration found in sediments in Chemical
Brook culvert was 7.1 mgjkg.
- Monomethylmercury was found in low levels in t~o of the Eastern
Wetland sediment samples.
- Chromium and aluminum were also found above cackground levels in t~e
Continuing Source Areas.
- A number of Site-related or:anic contaminants were detected in the
Eastern Wetland sediments in the range of 10i to 104 ppc. These
include chlorocenzene, dichlorocenzene, trichloroethene, and
dichloroe~~ene. Concen~rations decreased witbin a short distance
downstream of the Eastern Wetland.
- Polynuclea~ Aro~atic Eydrocarcons (PAHs) were detected in sediments
in the Eastern Wetland, Chemical Brook CUlvert, and Outfall Creek.
Most of ~~ese PARs are not considered to ce Site-related.
- Occasional occu~rences of pesticides were found in sediments in the
Eastern Wetland. Pesticides are not related to the Site.
Surface Water
- Mercury was detected in surface water samples at levels above the
chronic and acute Ambien~ Water Quality Criteria (0.012 ugjl and 2.4
ug/l, respectively) in t.~e Eastern Wetland and at levels above the
chronic Ambient Water Quality Criteria in Outfall Creek and Trolley
Brook.
.:
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11
- C~ro~~~= occ~rred at low co~centrations
sa=?les from t~: Eas~er~ We~land.
i~ se~era:
sur:ace water
- Lead ~as dete=~ed in sur:ace ~ater
Trolley Erock a~= Ou~:all Creek. No
ap?arer.~.
samples in the Eastern Wetland,
distri=ution ;a~~ern was
o
- Several other inorganic contaminants, including =arium, cobalt and
zi~c were detec~:d in t~e Continuing Source Areas a~ levels abcve the
c~r:nic AWQC. :~ese co~ta=inants are not considered to =e Site-
related.
- ~inimal ccnce~~rations (less than 13 ug/l ~aximu= conce~traticn) c:
volatile organic compounds were detected in the sur:ace.water in ~he
Co~~inuing Source Areas.
~ethyl=er=urJ Nas nct de~ec~ed in the sur:ace wa~er.
- One phthalate compound, bis(2-ethylhexyl)
one surface water sample in Outfall Creek.
considered to be related to the Site.
phthalate, was detected i~
This co:pound is not
J .
Biota/Fish
- No biota samples were collec~ed in the Continuing Source Areas.
J
- Mercury, including methylmercury, was detected in fish samples
collected throug~cut the Sudbury River.
- Pesticides and PCEs were also detected in several fish samDles from
the River. These contaminants are not considered to be related to the
Site.
- Concentrations of mer~~ry and pesticides, both of which
bioaccumulate, were generally higher in older, larger fish
that were higher in the focd chain.
and in
fist
A complete discussion of Study Area characteristics can be found in
Sections 3 and 4 of ~~e Remedial Investigation Report.
~
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12
V:.
S~V~RY 0: SITE R:SKS
, ;:);s" '--es--o"'- was ...e""~or:::' ",,4 ...c -' t.... .. ',. . '.
l"'. ..- .. l"'..-:.::o .::0.,.-.... :::- -- -.--... es,",~ma e ...::.e p:-::=a..::a_;.-:::: ar::: :::agnlt:.rc:e
c: pote~~~al a~~e:-se ~~~an h~a~th a~c,envi:-en=ental effe~~s f:-== expos~re
~:: cer.~a=;.nan~s assoc~a~ed w;.~n the Slte. T~e :-es:.ll~s of ~he =u=lic healt~
:-~Sk ass~ss~e~~ ~or t~~ au I:: of ~~~ Si~e are dis=:.lsse~ =elow'f::llowed by
~~e res:.l~-:s c: tne env;.:-onme~~al rlSK assess:::ent.
\
!
~',
A. Huma~ Health Risk Assessme~t
T~e pu=l~= heal~~ risk assess=ent f::llowed a four s~ep p===ess: 1)
c=r:~a~~nan~ ide~~ifica~ion, which identified those hazardous s:.l=s~ances
Nt:~~, g~ven t~e specifics of the Site, we:-e of sigr:i=icar:~ cor:cern; 2)
expcsu:-e assess~ent, wr.ich identified expcsure pat~Nays a~d cha:-acterized
t~e pc~en~~ally exposed popu:ations; 3) toxicity assess~e~-:, which
c::~side:-ed the t'roes and maC'::itude of adve:-se heal~~ effe~-:s associated
Ni~~ expcsure to'hazardous s:.l=stances, and 4) risk c~ara~-:e:-ization, which
i~~egra~ed the three earlier s~eps ~o sum=.a:-ize the :-isks pcsed ty
hazardcus substances at the Site, including carcincgenic a~c ncn-
ca==i~cge~ic r~sks.
1.
Contaminants of Concern
Fitty-seven contaminants of concern, listed in Tables 1 and 2 were selecte~
for evaluation in the risk assessment. Thesei contaminants constitute a
representative subset of more ~~an seventy-five cont~inants identified in
~~e Study Area durinq ~~e RI. The fifty-seven cont~inants of concern were
selected to represent potential Site related hazards based on toxicity,
concentration, frequency of detection, and mobility a-~d persistence in the
environment. A summarY of the heal~~ effects of each of ~~e contaminants
of concern can be foun~ in Se~tion 6.2 of t~e RI.
2.
Exposure Pathways
Po~ential human health effec~s associated.with ex=osu=e to the contaminants
of concern were estimated quantitatively ~~rough the development of several
hypothetical exposure pathways. These pathways were developed to reflect
the potential for exposure to hazardous substances ~ased on the present
uses, potential future uses, and location of the Site. The following is a
brief summary of the exposure pathways evaluated.
Uncer c~r~ent and eXDected future land use conditions, the Human Health
Risk Assessment assumed ~~at the Study Area, is used for recreational
purposes- s*i~~ing, boating, wading and fishing.
.!'
Surface water exposure scenarios included exposure ~~ough wading and
s~i~ing which resulted in accidental ingestion of and de~al contact with
the surface water. This scenario was evaluated fo:- adult (50 days/year),
teenage (150 days/year) and child (50 days/year) rece~tors.
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13
"
Sedi:e~~ ex~::s~re sce~arios mirrored the s~r~ace water scenaries with
ac:: :.de~":a2. i::=es~icn a::d der::la1. c::::ntac~ bei::c the orima=-, r::::t:~es of
:.:,...:._-.0'" ;1"'" dd';-'; -- t""" c,..."" -...' ~ -. .. ..
ex;;::su:::-e. ~.~",::'__' ~...a- _.,._on i.... .J.e r_--ea....l.ona~ sce~arl.o, a resl.dentl.=-
scenar:::::, ~::~=:: assu=e~ more frequent exposure to conta~i~a~ed sediment was
e"al.ua~ed i:: s:::::e areas. T::.is scenario assu:::ed an eX!::osure freC'"..lenc'/ of
2iQ days/year and was evaluated for the bordering wetiand areas: A1.~hough
the Continuing Source Areas were not evaluated in the Risk Assess~ent for a
residen~ial ex=::sure scenario, E?A believes this scenario is a==rooriate
fer these areas, due to their proximity to bo~h residential areas and
Ashland High School.
Fish inges~ion exposure scenarios for the Sudbury River were evaluated for
~:';c dif:ere~": recepto:::-s- s;:o:::-ts and sul::sistence fisher::len. These scenarics
Ne=e eva1.ua,,:ed for an adult who consumes fish 350 days/yea:::- ever a 30 yea:::-
period. The spo:::-ts and subsistence fishe~en we:::-e assumed to consume 0.05~
k;/day and 0.132 kg/day, respectively.
A more thorough desc:::-iption
6.4 of the RI Repo~.
of exposure pa~hways can be found in Section
Fo:::- each pathway evaluated, an average and reasonable maxi~uc exposure
estimate was generated, corresponding to the average and maximum
concent:::-ation of contaminants detected in each medium.
3. Toxicitv Assessment
An important component of ~~e risk assessmen~ is the relationship between
the dose of a compound and the pctential fer adverse heal~~ effects
resulting from expcsure to ~~at dose. Dose-response relationships provide
a means by which potential public health impacts may be evaluated. The
toxicity criteria that were used to charecterize the public heal~~ risk
associated with exposure to Contaminants of Concern are explained in
Section 6.3. of t.~e RI Report.
4.
Risk Characterization
~.
The Human Healt~ Risk Assess~ent calculated excess lifeti:e cancer risks
for each exposure pathway by multiplying t.~e exposure level wit.~ the
chemical specific cancer potency factor. Cancer potency factors have been
developed by EPA from epidemiological or animal studies to reflect a
conservative "upper bound" of the risk posed by potentially carcinogenic
compounds. That is, ~~e true risk is unlikely to be greater than the risk
predicted. The resulting risk estimates are expressed in scientific
notation as a probability (e.g. 1 x 10-6 or 1/1,000,000) and indicate
(using t.~is exa~ple), that an average individual is not likely to have
g:::-eater than a one in a million chance of developing cancer over 70 years
-------
, ,
_"t
S~::ed cO~==~~=a~::~. C"-~e~~ ~~~ P~~c-ice C-ns~~e~- C~--~---e~~~ ~;s~s --
. "". . --- ..- --., -- --. - -- -=> ----..--:: ..-- --.... "'"-
=e a==~~~v~ N~e~ assess:~= eX==5~re t~ a m~X~~re 0: hazar:o~s s~=stances,
':-- carc; ---e-; - -; sk a,..':Qnta';,..' Q eV-es"~e l"""e' S a~.. -e"o~"" V
...w.. -----:: ..-'- -- I ---::: --- h:-"'-'" -~ - -- ':: ..-----.,
CC-cQ-t-a-;-r. '''''v~'- -~a- re~~Q~e-~ a- e"cQss uc-..- ~o"-c.' ';~"~;-e C"nce~
.~ -.. .. ---.. -- -_.::a '-.. - ~--- ,.."" ... A - ... :--- ... ""-.i.. -----...... - -
risk to a:: inc..:..vi~....:al !::e-;'..;een lJ". and 10'0.
T~e hazard ~o~ien-; was also ca:cula1:ed for each :a1:hway as ~?A's measure
0: the po~e~~':"al :=r non-carcinogenic health effec~s. The hazar: quotien-;
is calcula-;ed =y d.:..vidir.g the exposure level by the referenoe dose (RfD) cr
o-;her sui~a=le ber.=h~ark for ncn-carcinogenic health effec-;s for an
individual co=~cu~:. Re:erence doses have ~een develc:ed !::y E?A to protec~
sens.:..tive individ~als over the course ef a lifeti=e and ~hey re:lect a
daily expes~re leve: tha-; is likely to be witheu~ an a~~recia=le risk of a~
adverse hea:~h e:fe=~. RfDs are derived from epi:emielcgica: or animal
s~udies and i::co~orate uncertainty fac~ors to hel~ ens~re tha~ adverse
health effe=~s will n01: occur. The hazard ~~otie::-; is of-;er. ex=ressed as a
S;"'c'e Va"'Q (e'" ,.., 3) ;-"':;;ca-;"'g t""e ~at;o- Oi' t-.. 5-,,-...... .cv-o.S"-Q as
-.;.J....- --- .~. 'oJ. ~..--- --.. .... - - - ..- "-_\-._- -..;:- ""---
defined to ~he re:erence dose value (in this exa~?le, t~e ex:cs~re as
c~aracterized is a~~roxi=ately one third of an ac=eptable ex;csure level
for the given com~o~~d). The hazard quotient is o::ly cc::sidered additive
for compour.=s tha-; ~ave the sa=e or si~ilar toxic endpoi::~s (=or example:
the hazard quotien-; for a compo~nd known to produce liver da=age should not
be added to a secc~d whose toxic endpoint is kidney damage). For non-
carcinogenic risk, acceptable exposure levels are generally concentration
levels that re:resent a hazard cuotient less than or ecual to one.
- - J -
Table 3 depicts ~~e carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk s~'-~aries for
t.~e contaminants 0: concern in sediment, surface water and fish evaluated
to reflect risks co~esponding to the average and the reasonable maximum
exposure scenarios =or each exposure pathway in each area evaluated.
The followi~g sect~ons s~~arize ~~e results of ~~e Human Health Risk
Assessment as indicated in Table 3.
In addition, Tables 6-9A to 6-4i3 of the R! Repor-; show the maximum and
average cor.cen~rat:cns, the exposure factors and the calc~lated risk for
each contaminant of conce~, for surface water, sediment, and biota for
each River area and for each of ~~e drainaqeways ~etween ~~e Property and
the River, includi~g the Continuing Source Areas.
a.
Sediment E~osure Scenarios
1. Carci~o~enic Risk
Cancer risk estimates do not exceed 1.3 x 10" in any case
prese::ted for any of the areas evaluated. The principal
conta~inants contributing to this risk are net related to
the Site, Therefore, there is no excess cancer risk for
this scenario free Nyanza contaminants.
q
-------
~~
"
15
2.
~:=:-:-C2.:--=:'!1CC'=:-::= Ri5~~
7~e ~:z=~d :~=ex ca:=~lated fc= c~e~icals affec~~n~ t~e
:.c:.dne~' and/c:::: cent:-a: ne~.reus system equa:'s one for the
~~ste:-~ Wet~a~d s~~:.~ent.exposure s~enar:= when the re~epto:-
-- co~=ern ~s a c~~l= an~ a rec:-eat~enal eX=os~=e scena=io
:s use=. T::e prima~l contaminant cont:-i=~~lng ~o t~is risk
:s me:-=~=y. If a =esiden~ial scenario, w::ich assumes :ore
f:-e~e~~ exposure and whic~ was not eval~a~ed fo= t~is area
:.n the Risk ~ssess~en~, were considered, the hazard index
Ne~ld =e g=ea~er than one.
7::e ha:a=d i~=ex fo:- wetlands bordering the Rive:-
(:-esi=ential exposu=e scenario), when calculated en
=:-qan-s;ecif:.= basis, does net exceed ene.
a 'targe-=
b.
Surface Water Exposure Scenarios
1. Ca==ine~enic R:sk
~?A's a~cep~a=le risk range for carcinogenic ris:c is nc~
exceeded for any of t~e su==ace wate= exposure scenarios.
2. ~cn-Ca==inocrenic Risk
~ haza=: index of ene is not exceeded for any ef t~e su=face
Nater scenari=s eval~ated with t~e exception of Rese~.roir 2
Nhere a maxi=u= dete~tion of 19,300 ug/l of selenium
=esulted in a hazard index of 3.8. This s:ngle detection,
~oweve=, appears to be an anomaly. Fu~~e~ore, selenium is
not a Site-related contaminant~ .
c.
Fish I::gestioIl Expo.sure Scenarios
1. Ca==inocrenic Risk
-Cancer risks estimated for the fish ingestion scenarios in
~~e S~dbury River range up to 5.5 X 10-3. The principal
contami~ants of concern contrLCutinq to ~~ese risks are
a=senic, seve=al pesticides and PCBs. For all of the areas
Nhere E?A's acoeptable risk range is excee~ed for t.~is
s~enario, the risk range is exceeded for non-Site related
conta=:.~ants. Therefore, there is no excess car.ce~ risk
f=om Nyanza contaminants for this scenario.
2. Ncr.-Carcinoaenic Risk
With regard to the fish ingestion scenario, haza=d indices
exceed one in each of the areas evaluated for at least one
0: the scenarios. The following is a summa=y of the
locatio~s and scenarios where a hazard index of one is
exceeded:
-S~dburf Reservoir (background)
S~sistence fisherMan- maxi~um a~d
-Cedar S~a~p Pond (background)
S~=sistence fisherMan- maxi~um and
S~c=t fishe~an- maximum
average
-------
16
-Sc~~~ville ?~~d (backgrcund)
Subs~s~=~ce fishe~an- maxi=um a~= ave~a~e
-Mill Pond
Subsis~=~ce fisherman- maximum a~= ave~a~e
Spo~~ :ishe~an- maxi=um
-Rese~~oi= 2
Subsis~=~ce fishe~an- maximum a~= ave~a~e
Scor~ :ishe~an- maximum and ave~a=e -
-Rese~~oir 1 -
Subsis~e~ce fisherman- maximum ar.= ave~a~e
Spo~ fishe~an- maximum
-Saxenville I=poundment
Subsis~=nce fisherman- maxi=um ar.= avera~e
Spor~ fis~erman- maxi=u=
-=ai~~aven Eay
Subsis~=nce fisherma~- maximum an= avera~e
Spor~ :isherman- maxim~
Mercury, fer which t~e texic endpoints are the cen~~al ne~~ous
system and the kidney, is the prima~f contaminant ccntri=uting ~=
the risk i~ these scenarios. The hazar~ cuotient for mercurY
and/or methylmercury exceeds one in every. case that the hazard
index exceeds one.
s.
Uncertainties in Estimating Risk
It should be emphasized t~at the risk estimates in ~~is assessment are
based on numerous assumptions, each having uncertainty assooiated with it.
Several types of uncertainties should be considered in any risk evaluation:
- uncertainties associated wi~~ identifying contaminants of concern
and est~ating average expos~res;
- uncertainties associated wi~~ estimating ~~e frequency, duration and
magnitude of exposure;
uncertainties in ~~e models used to characterize risk:
uncertainties in estimating carcinogenic potency fact~rs and/or non-
carcinogenic measures of toxioity (e.g., RfDs).
A complete discussion of these uncertainties is located in Section 6.7 of
the RI Report.
-------
, -
-'
B.
Ecolog~=a: Risk Assessment
"
T~e ec~lc=:=a: risk asseSSille~t Nas c=~d~c~e~ usinc ~ethedology si=ila~ t=
t~e huma~~tea:~h risk assess=e~~ ex=e~t t~a~, in t~e ec~logical assess=en~,
t~e rece~~=rs of c~ncern are pla~~s and ani~als ot~er than hur.ans. T~e
me~~cdol~g~ a~= results of the ~=~lcgical Risk Assess~ent ean be fcu~c in
mere detail i~ C~a?ter 7 of t~e R: Re~o~.
1. ContaQina~ts of Concern
T~ir~y-six c~~~a~inants of c~ncern, liste~ in Table 4, were selec~ec =or
evaluation in the ecol~gical risk assess~e~~. These contaminants
c~~s~itute a s~bset of more than seventy-five conta=inan~s identi:iec in
the Study A~ea du~ing t~e RI. 7~e thir~y-six contaminants of c~r.cern Nere
se:ec~ec to re~resent potential Site-related hazards based on
concentration, frequency of detecti=~, toxicity, bioc~ncentration
potential, or envi~onmental persiste~ce.
2.
Exposure Assessment
The exposure assessment identifies a number of exposure pa~~ways for
evaluation in the ecological risk assessment. These pa~~ways are shown in
Figure 4. These exposure scenarios evaluate the following:
- effect on plants and animals ~~at live; in ~~e surface water;
- effect on animals that live in the sed~ent;
- effect on animals that feed on fish or river animals.
Indicator s~ecies were selected for each of ~~e
a number of" factors includinq relevance for the
knewn to occur at the Site) and position in ~~e
bioaccumulation) .
exposure pathways based on
Site {i.e. the species is
food chain {as a measure 0:
The second component of the exposure assess:ent includes the estimation 0:
environmental concentrations (EECs) for Contaminants of Concern for each
exposure pathway (surface water, sediment and biota). The development of
the EECs is based on measured concentrations of contacination at the Site,
and an understandinq of chemical fate and transport, which is described in
Section 5.0 of the RI Report. Average and maximum EECs were cal~~lated for
each Contaminant of Concern for each media.
3.
Hazara Assessment
.~
The hazard assess:ent identifies concentrations of Contacinants of Concern
for ~~e appropriate exposure pathway that are known to or are likely to
result in adverse effec~s to bic~a. Most t~xicity data are based on
standard test species ~~at are representative of si:ilar, related species
that might exist within the Study Area. Li~tle or no data are available i~
the literat~re measuring direc~ toxicity of the Conta~inants of Conce~ to
thE indicator species selectee f~r t~is Sits.
-------
4.
. ~
Risk C~arac~erizati~~
Althcug~ ~a~! i~=r;a~ic a~d-~rga~ic c~e=:cals were detec~ed :~ var:cus
media wi~~:~ t~e S~~dy Area, only a feN c~e=icals were fou~d a~
concentra~:e~s t~a~ would be considered to pose a risk to ecological
receptors. T~e pri::ary =edia of concer~ were de~e~ined to be sedi=ents
and biota. R:~ks fro~ ~~~7ace wa~er a~pear to ~e ~inimal in co~parison to
tbose fro= sec~=e~~s ano =~ota, w~t~ t~e except~on of t~e Eas~ern We~land,
Trolley Breok and Ou~fa:: Creek where risks from surface wa~er are ~cre
substantia:. Hc~eve=, =~sks due to b~cac=~=ulatic~ f=oc c=~~a=inants at
levels in s~rface wa~ers belcw t~e current detec~ion li::its will be fur~~er
investiga~ed as par~ of ~~e addi~iona: s~udies to be conducted cn t~e River
under at" I7.
c.
,>
a.
Surface Water Scenarios
C:::'n:a=:~an~ 1:'/e1s above t~e ~.!:'.bien-=. Wa ~er Quali ~y Criteria
(A~QC) were considered to be of co~cern in this evaluation.
Based on curren~ da~a, mercu~l exceeded t~e chronic AWQC cf 0.0:2
ug/l in t~e Eas~ern Wetland, Trolley Brock and Outfall Creek. ~n
addition, ~~e acute AWQC of 2.4 ug/l was exceeded in t~e Eastern
We~laDd. Several ot~er compcunds, particularly lead, alse
infre~~ently exoeeded the AWQC.
:b.
Sediment Scenarios
Mercury constituted a major portion; of ~~e esti~ated risk from
contaminated sediments. The concentration of mercurz found in
the Eastern We~land, Outfall Creek, and many of ~~e River
locations exceeded levels reported by t~e National Oceanic and
At~os~heric Ad=inistration at which undesirable effects were
frequently obse~¥ed amongst most types of aquatic sedi~ent
dwelling animals (ER-M).
O~~er Site-=ela~ed contaminants, particularly chromium and lead,
were oc~asionally found at levels ~~at may be ha~=ul to animals
in t~e sedi~en~. Hcweve=, ~~ese contaminants consti~ute less of
a risk to ecological receptors ~~an me=cury pri~arily because
they do not bicaccumulate.
The risk es~imates for ex:osure to aluminum in ~~e sediments,
which is not cor.side=ed t~ be a Site-related contaminant, were
also high t~roughout the river system.
Bioaccuculation o~ Contaminants through t~e Food Chain
The predominant contaminant of concern for biota was me=cury,
followed by PCBs and DCT and its degradation products (DDD and
DDE) , which are not considered to be Site-related contaminants.
The contaminants which resulted in the g=eatest risk are ~~ose
.:
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19
<,
t:~a~ ha~.e the ;~eat:es~ effec~s cn f:cc c~a:~s/~e=s d~e ~c thei=
r.:;~ pc~e~t:ia: :== =::ac=~mu:a~ion. ~~e ~=xici~! hazar=s
asscc:a~ed wi~~ t:~ese ccnt:a~:~ants are mi~:=al cc==ared ~c the
-'s"" ac:--ciat:-" ..i-...... '::>V""cs"""- -..........,.-;.. -J.,e -=-0'" C:"a~'"
- -... -.;:- - =0- ""-"-... -h~ .....-": "'."-""-'1"--::... '-... -- '"" .. -...
T~e grea~est =:s~ fr== eX;os~=e to =c~t:a~:~ants t~roug~ the focd
c~ain from Sit:e cor.t:a=inants is to u==er t:r:chic level c~edators
t...~- i-~.::>s- c---~~i-a-,::>'" ~is- and i-;;--Q:"-~tes -=-....~ t""-e Sua"bu-
...-- ....-:- ~ -...--.......-.. --- ~ .. .. -.. -- '----- ~-...,...... -I
River a~= the C:nt:ir.u:~g Sou==e Areas. T~e ha~f~l effect:s to
a~i~als at all levels cf the focd c~ain i~c:ude death,
r=;=cd~=t:ive failure, cent:ra: ne~iC~S sys~e= effects, ar.d
tehavicral mcdi:icatic~.
5.
C~certai~ties in Esti:ating Risk
As i~ t:he E~=an Health Risk Assessment, it st:~l= te emchasized t~at: the
risk estima~es in t:~e Ec=~=~ica: Risk Assess~e~t: are =ased en nur.ercus
ass~=;t:ions, each ~aving un~e=t:ainty associated ~it~ it. These
uncert:ainties are similar to t~ese disc~ssed :or the Euman Health Risk
Assess:ent a=ove a~d are s~ar:zed in =ore det:ail i~ Sect:ion 7.6.6 of the
RI Re;crt.
c.
Primary Risks from Site-related Contamina:ts
A nt'-~er of conta:inants, both Site- and non-Site related are found in the
Continuing Source Areas and in the Su~ury Riwer. Eewever, clean-up levels
were evaluated only for ~ercurI for several reasons. Fi:st:, it is ene of
the only contaminants whic~ showed a clear conne~ticr. to ~~e Site. In
addi~ion, mercury is the primary Site-related contaminant contributing to
both human health and ecological risk due, in pa:t, to its preper.si~y to
biacct.:::lulate.
Merc~~I concentrations in sedi~ents are significantly higher in ~~e
Continuing Source Areas t~an in ~~e River areas. In addition to ~~e risk
resul~inq from these contaminated sediments, ~~ese sediments are expected
to c~ntinue to migrate to the Sudburj River, providing a continuing source
to t~e River. Based on ~~e h~an healt~ and ecological risks associated
wit~ ~~ese areas, ~~e potential for continued migration of contaminated
sediments from these areas to the River, and ~~e inability to evaluate ~~e
effec~iveness of River re~ediation usinc current data, EPA has focused this
remedy on the Continuing Source Areas. ~Additicnal s~udies under au IV will
address River conta~inatien.
.
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20
D.
Conclusion
Ac~ual.o~ t~reatened releases of hazardous substances fr== ~~is Site, if
no~ addressed by implementing t~e response ac~ion select;~ in ~~is RCD, rna:"
~~esent an i~inent and substantial endange~ent to public health, welfare,
o~ the enviro~ent. Risks due to contamination in ~~e se~iment and surface
wa~er in the Continuing Source Areas are dealt with in t~is ROD. In
a==ition, through the use of institutional controls, ris~s due to fish
i~~estion in t~e Su~ury River are also temporarily addressed in this RCD.
u
-------
2:
V!!.
Z::E7E!.C~~..z~T AND SCREE~!NG 0:' A!.TERllAT:VES
A. Stat~to~l Requireme;tsjResponse Qbjectives
.:-
C~=er :~S lecal authorit:es, EPA's ~r:=arl res~onsibili~'1 at
.. . .. - -
S~~er:~~= Si~es is to uncer~ake re=.e~:al ac~:ons that are
pr=~ec~:~e of hu~an heal~h anc the e~v:rcn~ent. In acc:~ion,
Sec~ic~ :21 of the Ccmprehe~sive E~vircnmen~al Response,
C:=;e~sa~:on anc Liabili~y Act (CE?C~.) es~a=lishes several other
s~a~ut=r~' re~~ire~ents anc preferences, inc:ucing: a re~~ire~ent
t~a~ E?~/S re~ed~al ac~ion, whe~ c==plete, ~ust c=rnply w~:h all
F=~era: anc more str:ngent s~ate envir=nmen~al stancar=s,
r=~~ire=e~ts, criteria or li~itaticns, unless a waiver is
i~,oke~; a require~ent tha~ EPA selec~ a re=.edial action that is
c:s~-effective anc that utilizes pe==anen~ sclu~ions and
a:~erna~:ve treat=ent technologies or rescur=e recovery
t==~nolcgies to the maxi~u= ex~ent prac~ica=le; and a preference
for re=-ecies in which treat=ent wr.ic~ per=anently and
si;nificantly rec~ces the volume, toxicity or mobility cf the
hazar=ous substances is a principal elemen~ over reme~ies not
involving such treat~ent. Response alterna~ives were developed
t: be consistent with these Congressional mandates.
Basee on preliminary info~aticn relating to types of
contaminants, environmental media of conce~, and potential
exposure pathways, remedial action objec~ives were developed to
ai= in ~~e development and screening of alternatives. T~ese
re:edial action objec~ives were developed to mitigate existing
a~~ future potential threats to public health and the
e~viro~ent. These response objectives were:
Hucan Health Objectives
1.
Mitigate mercury contamination in sediment in areas
where accidental ingestion and de~al contact with
contaminated sedi~ents may result in unaccepta=le hu=an
health risks. .
2.
Mitigate mercury contamination in sediment in order to
reduce mercury levels in fish, which may be consumed by
fisher:nen.
:3 .
Mitigate mercury conta~ination i~ sediment in ~~e
Continuing Source Areas in order to prevent continued
migration of contamination to ~~e Sudbury River.
.
-------
22
E=~logical Objec~ives
-.
M~~igate me=~~ry cc~~a=inaticn in sed~~en~ ~~ ac~ieve
a~ i~c=eased level c: c=c~ec~ion to en'lir~~_~ental
=ece~tcrs i~ t~e co~~:;uing Source Areas; one whic~ is
a~;rcxi=ately equal ~o t~a~ found in background areas.
2 .
~itigate me=c~ry con~a=inaticn in sedi~ent in
Continuing Source Areas in orcer to preven~ continued
=igration 0: ccntami~ation to t~e Suc=ury River.
3 .
Restere any we~land
=e~ediation.
ha=ita~ dist~r=ed
during
B. Tec~~ology a~d Alter~ative Development and Screening
CERCL~ and ~~e NC? set forth t~e ~rocess bv whic~ re=edial
actic~s are evalua~ed and selec~ed. In accordance wi~h t~ese
require=en~s, a range of alternatives was developed for the
Study Area.
The first au addressed t~e pri~a~1 source control at t~e Site
~~rough the excavation, consolidation, and capping of on-Site
soils, sludges and sediments. The sec~nd au addresses management
of migration t~rough an interi~ remedy to pump and treat
conta:inated groundwater. The remedy selected in ~~is ROD
provides additional source control t~rough remediaticn of the
Continuing Source Areas.
With respect to au II! source control, ~~e RI/FS developed a
range of alternatives in which treat~ent t~at reduces ~~e
toxicity, mobility, or volume of ~~e hazardous substances in the
Continuing Source Areas is a principal element. This range
included an alternative that removes or destroys hazardous
substances to the maximum extent feasible, eliminating or
minimizing the need for long ter= management. This range also
included alternatives that treat the principal threats posed by
the Site but vary in ~~e degree of trea~ent employed and the
quantities and characteristics of the treat~ent residuals and
untreated waste that must be managed; alternative(s) ~~at involve
little or no treat~ent but provide protection through engineering
or institutional controls; and a no action alternative.
As discussed in Chapters 4 and 5 of ~~e FS, the RIfFS identified,
assessed and screened technologies based on implementability,
effectiveness, and cost. These technologies were combined into
source contr~l alter~atives. ~~apter 5 of ~~e FS presented ~~e
remedial alternatives developed by combining the technologies
identified i~ the previous screening process in t~e categories
identified i~ Sec~ion 300.430(e) (3) of t~e NC? The purpose of
-------
23
t~e i~~~ial s==eening was ~~ narrc~ t~e nu:=e= of potential
remed:al acti=~s for fu~he= detailed analysis while p=eser~ing a
range c= opti=~s. Eac~ al~e~ative was t~en evaluated ar.d
sc=eened in C~apter-~ of ~~e FS and in t~e FS Addend~ Repo~.
~
In su~ari, c= the 13 sour:e cont==l re~edial alte~atives
s==eened in C~apter 5, six ~ere retained for detailed analysis.
Table 5 identifies t~e six alternatives ~~at were retained
t~rough t~e s==eening process, as well as t~cse ~~a~ were
eliminated f=:~ furt~er c=nsideration.
-------
2t.
VIII.
DESCRIPTION OF AL=ER.~ATIVZS
~~;s ~c~-;o- C~~v~~es a ~a~-~-~"e summa-' O~ e~c~ a'-~--a-;'re
-.....- ---...-.... -..,-, -- ... ----_'# -,; - -.. ----.. "-_v
evalua~ed. The a:~er~a~~ves evaluated i~cl~de a no ac~ion
alter~a~ive (Alter~ative 1) I a li=ited ac~ion alter~a~ive
(Alter~ative 2), as well as a series of =e~ediation alter~atives
for t~e Con~inuing Source Areas.
Alterna~ives that required ac~ive remediation of River Areas were
eli~i~a~ed in au ::r beca~se c: an inabilitv te eval~ate t~eir
e:fec~iveness usi~g curren~ da~a, the pcten~ial for adverse
i~pacts during re=ediatic~, and the inor:inately high costs
associated with these al~er~atives. All of the alternatives
which consider re:ediaticn in the Continuing Scurce Areas also
incl~de institutic~al cO~trcls as an interi~ remedv for the
Sud=ury River. These te=;cr;~l centrals will be im;lemented as
par~ cf the selec~ed re=edy un~il a final remedy decision is made
for the River uncer au IV, whic~ E?A has initiated to further
inves~igate the River.
Source Control Alternatives Analyzed
Alternative 1:
No Action with Monitoring
The FS evaluated ~~is alternative to serve as a baseline for
comDarison with the other r~edial alternatives under
consideration. No work would be performed to address sediment
contamination in the Continuin~ Source Areas or River Areas.
Annual monitoring of sediment, -surface water, and fish would be
conducted for 30 years or until a final remedy decision is made
for the River under au IV.
Estimated
Estimated
Estimated
Estimated
Time for Implementation: Not applicable
Capital Cost: $0
Annual O&M Cost: $420,670
Total Cost (net present worth) :
$6,893,000
Alternative 2: Li=ited Action (No Action with Institutional
Controls and Hcnitorinq)
This alternative is identical in scope to Alternative 1, except
that it adds instit~tional controls and measures to enhance
public awareness.
The FS evaluated t~is alternative for both ~~e Continuing Source
Areas and for the River Areas containing me=cury-contaminated
sediments. Components comccn to both areas include posting siqns
warning against consumption of fish; conducting a public
awareness program: and annual sampling of surface water,
sediments, and bicta to evaluate contaminant levels a~d
-------
25
.>
~':'';:::1:':':::. I1"'" ~"';"';';-;~n .,....,... -~e C-nt;-t:.;~g C::-n~-= '~Q:::'s a fe""'c=
-.. '" . ... ":"-~- --....,~ / .. ....,~ 10.... ..,.. -.. -... "':"---'-- r.- -- I ... -
..,..,. - -- , "'s-a el"" a--~-'" t-'" ';:'as-"''''n We-' ar.I"" """""'" "''I "'''''-e'< a."'.."'....-
N_-:- 7= -.. "- -- - --: .;...- --- - . """-_. -- ._, -------.. c_w ...
C~--;>' I ~"""'Qk "'x-"''''d-'''c a1"''''- t-e lowe"" Race"a', t- "'''e
-::-- -- --.. '. - :--... _.=.~ _..~.. - ';.. w -..
c=~:~ue~== w~~~ t~e SU~~U~I R~ver. For ~~e R~ver Areas, E?A
Ne~:= r===~~e~= t~at t~e Massac~uset~s D?H ad'l:serf agai!1s~
c=~su~i~; Sud=~~i River fis~ be ~ai!1tai!1ed t~r=ugheu~ t~e River.
-::
Es ~ ~::la -: s.=.
Ti~e fcr rm;le=en~a~ion: 4 me!1~hs
Capi~al Ccs~: $2S6,i89
Annua: C&M C=s~: $~49,7iO
Tota: C=s~ (ne~ pr:sen~ wort~) :
Si,626,OCJ
Es~.:.:::\a~==.
Es-:i~a~==
ES-:':':1ats'=
A~~==~a~.:.-;e 3: Dredgi~g, Treat~ent by Solvent Extraction/soil
Was~ing, ~edepcsition of Sedi~ent, Wetla~d Restoration and
Ins~itu~ional Controls
T~~s al~==~atiJe wculd i~clucs d~edging sedi~e~~s f=== t~e
C=n~inuin; Source Areas and ~=eati!1g t~e~ on-Si~e wi~~ a sclven~
ex~rac~io~/soil ~ashing pr=cess; eff-Si~e disposal c= t~e
trea~~e~~ ~esid~als; treating the resul~ing was~ewat=r, i=
nec=ssa~f, and disc~ar;ing i~ on-Site; redepositing ~he ~~eated
sedi~en~s in t~e excavated areas; restoring i~pacted wetland
areas; evaluating and i~ple~enting ins~itutional ccn~~els for the
Rive~ Areas un~il a final remedy decision is made i~ tbese areas:
preparing and i~plementing a plan for increased public awareness
regarding River contaminatien; and creating a fou~~ au to
per=orm additional studies on sediment and fish in ~~e Sudbury
River to deter:ine a sediment cleanup level that would lower
risks to human heal~~ and the environment in the River Areas.
Treatabili~y testing would be necessary under ~~is alte~a~ive to
dete~ine the e;ti~al treat~ent methods and the effectiveness of
the trea~:ent technology.
Three target cleanup geal concentrations were examined for ~~is
alterna~ive, as follows:
Alter~ative 3A incorporated a target cleanup geal of 1 mg/kg of
merc~ry in sedi~ent, which is the background level in ups~ream
reaches of the River unaffected by releases from Nyanza. This
target cleanup gcal is protec~ive of human health and the
e~vironmen~ and is expected to eliminate future migration cf
merc~ry to the S~dbury River. The volume of contaminated
sedi~ent t= be excavated and treated under this alte~ative is
-------
26
Es~:=.a~==
Ti=.e for r~pleme~~a~ion: 19 mcnt~s
Ca~~~al Cost: $:7,254;08:
Ann~al O&M Cos~: $~~9,77a2
Tota: Cos~ (net p=esent wc=t~): $24,593,000
Es~i=a~==
Es~i=a~e=
Esti=a~s=
Alte~~a~:ve 32 incorporate= a targe~ cleanup goal of 7 ~g/kg of
mercury i~ se~~~ent, a cor.cen~~atior. estimated to reduce mercu~
concen~=atior.s in fish in t~e Sudbu~f River to levels protec~ive
of hu=ar. healt~ from occasional ingestion cf mercurJ-contamir.a~ed
fish =y sports fishe~en. This target cleanup goal would be
crotec~ive of humans ex=ose= to con~aminate= sediment t~rouch
de~al contact or accidental inaes~ion for a residential ex:osure
scena~ic, but would not be protec~ive of environmental -
recep~=rs. T~e volume of contaminated sedi~ent to be excavated
and trea~ed ur.der this alternative is estimated to be
apprcxi=a~ely ~l,186 cubic ya=ds.
~
Es~i~a~ed
Ti:e for r=plemen~ation: 14 mcnths
Capi~al Cost: $10,618,228
Annual O&M Cost: $449,7703
Total Cost (net present werth): $17,957,000
Estima~ed
Estimated
Estimated
Z The actual annual Operation and Maintenance costs for this
alternative will be substantially less ~~an the estimated costs
noted here. The majority of these annual costs (approximately
$390,000) are for sampling and analysis activities in the Sudbury
River whi~~ will not be conducted as Operation and Maintenance
for ~~is remedy. Instead, sampling and analysis will be
conduc~ed during OU IV investigations and a final monitoring plan
for the -Sudbury River will be included as part of the OU IV
remedy decision. In addition, the institutional controls which
will be implemented as part of au II! (e.g. sign maintenance and
public awareness activities) are an interim remedy only, pending
the OU IV remedv decision. Therefore, these activities will be
conducted for a-much shorte= period ~~an the 30 years calculated
in the FS. The only Operation and Maintenance costs associated
with OU III are the costs associated with ensuring the long-te~
effectiveness of the wetland restoration program. Thus, the
long-ter= costs of ~~is remedy are expected to be far less ~~an
the 30-year cost estimate, closer, in fact, to ~~e capital costs.
3 See foot~ote 2.
-------
27
~
Al~=~~a~:,e 3C i~==~~c~:~e~ a target clea~~~ goal c: 30 ~g/~g 0:
~e~=~~~ :~ sa=i~e~~, a c~nc=~~=a~ic~ ~~at is p==~ec~~ve c: ~~~ans
ex;=se~ ~= ==~~a=~~a~e= se~~=e~t by ce~al c=~~ac~ C~ ac=icsntal
ingest::n ==r a r=si=e~~ial ex;osure scenar:o, =u~ is net
pr=~ec~:Je cf e~v:=c~=e~~al ~;~eptors. T~e vcl~~e c:
conta~:~ate= sedi=.ent t: be excavated and treated u~=er t~is
~lter~ati~e is est:~a~e= to be a;prcxi~ate:y 3,604 c~=ic yar~s.
~
Esti~ate=
Esti~a~ed
Es~~=a~=d
Ti=e fer I=;le~e~tat:cn:
Ce=ital Ccst: $4,7~5,362
- .
~~~~al C&M Cost: $~~9,7iO-
T=tal C:st (net present wor~~) :
6 mont~s
Est:~ated
$12,Ca4,CCO
Alter~ati~e 4: Dredqinq, Solidification, Off-Site Disposal,
Wetlands Restoration and Institutional Controls
This a:ter~a~ive i~clucies dredging sedi~e~ts fro=. t~e Co~ti~uing
Source Areas; sta=ilizi~g/scli=ifying t~e sedi=ents on-Site and
disposing 0= them off-Site; treating t~e resulting wastewater, if
necessary, a~d discharging it on-Site; restoring impacted wetland
areas: evaluating and i=?le~enting institutional controls for ~~e
River Areas until a final remedy decision is made in ~~ese areas;
preparing a~d imp:e~enting a plan for increased public awareness
regarding River ccntamination; and c~eatinq a fourt~ au to
perfo~ addi~ional studies on sediment and fish in t~e Sudbu=y
Rive~ to dete~ine a sediment cleanup level t~at would lower
risks to human health and ~~e environ:ent for River Areas.
Three target cleanup goal concentrations were examinee for ~~is
alte~native, as fc:lows:
Alternative 4A incorporated a target cleanup goal. of 1 mg/kg of
me~cur£ in sedimen~, whic~ is t~e background level in upstream
reac~es of ~~e River unaffected by releases from Nyanza. This
tar;et cleanup goal is protec~ive of human healt~ and ~~e
environment and is expected to eliminate future migration of
mercury to t~e Suc=ury River. The volume cf contaminated
sediment to be excavated, stabilized and disposed off-Site under
this alternative is estimated to be approximately 20,206 cubic
yards.
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28
-. -
:.s~1.::la':e,=
==.s-:ima~e~
Ti~e f=~ I=~le~e;.~a~~or.: 19 =cnt~s
Capi~a: C=s~: $~:,~60,444
Annual C&~ Cqs~: $449,7705
Total C=s~ rne~ ~~=s~r.~ wort~): $~7,799,COO
=:s-:i~a~e~
:::s~i::ta-:'ec.
~i~=~~a~~'iC ~~ ;-c~--~~a~c~ ~ -- t 'c,- ~ ~ 7 /k f
-----_00 -- - .~ _eo --::--- 1...-- a I...a_,;:,e c_-anu::- goa- c- mg g 0
=e~cu=y i~ s~di~er.~, a cor.ee;.~ra~ion es~i~a~ed to reduce ~ercury
eoneen~ra~ions ir. f~s~ in t~e Sudbury R~ve~ to levels pretec~ive
c: hu~an ~ealt~ fr== occas~=r.al ingestien 0: =erc~~.-con~aminat~d
:is~ by sports f~she==en. ~~is target elean~~ geal would be
=~oteetive of hu~a~s ex=osed to conta~inated sed~=en~ throuc~
~er=al contact or accidental ingestion =or a residen~ial exiosure
scenario =ut would nc~ be p~ctec~ive of environmental receptors.
7~e volu~e of con~a=inated sedi~ent to =e excava~ed, stabilized
ar.d dispes~d of=-Si~= under t~is alterna~ive is es~i~ated to be
a~p~ox~=a~ely 11,186 cubic yards.
~
Esti!!latec
Estimated
Estimated
Estimatec.
Time for I=ple~entation: 14 =on~~s
Capital Cest: $23,327,516
Annual O&M Cost: $449,7706
Total Cost (net presen~ worth): $30,667,000
Alternative 4C incorporated a target cleanup goal 0= 30 mg/kg of
mercury in sediment, a concentration ~~at is protec~ive of humans
eXDOSec. to contaminatec. sediment bv de~al contac~ cr accidental
ingestion for a residential ex=osure scenario, but is not
protective of enviror~ental receptors. The vclume of
contaminated sedi~en~ to be excavated, stabilized and disposed
off-Site under ~~is alternative is est~atec. to be approximately
3,604 cubic yards.
Estimatec.
Estimated
Estimatec.
Estimated
Time fer I=plementation: 6 mcn~~s
Capital Cost: $8,500,246
Annual O&M Cost: $449,7707
Total Ccst (net present wo~~): $15,839,000
Alternative 11: Dredging,. Disposal in au I Cell, iietlands
Restoration, and Institutional Controls
This a1te~ative includes dredging and c.ewatering of contaminated
sediments from ~~e Continuing Source Areas; placing drec.ged
sediments unc.er a portion of the cap construc~ed in ocr I of the
5 See footnote 2.
,
6 See. footnote 2.
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29
"
S':'':e: --""=-~-C' ;: r.er=s-a-" ",..a-_""_""- <=----... -"'e C'e'"a"Q,,"~"'C' ...r-c"'ss
.., -.----7.."'..r..- .. -- ~ -:.~. ....--..., '-... . N.."----."4 ~ "":-
a~= =~s=~a~;~~g ~t ~= an C~-~~~= surface wa~=~ :ccy: res~=r~~g
:~;a=':== ~e~:and ar=as~ eva:~ating and i~;:e~enting ins~i,:~,:ional
c=n,:==:s for ~iver Areas un'::l a final re=e~y decisicn is ma~e i~
':~es= areas: preparing and i~ple~en~ing a plan f=r i~c=ease~
p~=l.:.= ariareness regarding River contaminaticn un,:il a final
re~e~y decisicn is =ade: and crea~ing a fcu~~ OU t= perfo~
a~di'::onal st~dies en se~i=ents and fish in the Sud=u~1 River to
ce':er=ine a se~imen': clean~; level that wo~:d lcwer risks to
t~~an ~ealt~ and t~e envi==n~en': for River Areas.
.~
As in A:':erna,:ives 3 and 4, ~?A evaluated
g=al concentrations fer t~is alternative,
-:~~ee ta:.-;e-:
as f=llcws:
cleanu~
A:te~~a~ive l~A is ~~e
Sec':.:.on X of ,:~is RCD.
selec,:ed alternative and is disc~sse~ in
Alte=~a,:ive l'B inc=rperate~ a target clean~? goal of 7 mg/kg of
merc~~i in sedimen~, a concentra,:ion es~i=a':ed to re~uce merc~ri
concentrations in fish in t~e Sudbury River tc levels protective
cf h~an health frow occasicnal ingestion of merc~ry-contaminated
fish by spo~s fishe~en. This target cleanup goal would be
protective of humans expose~ to contaminated sedimen~ through
de~al contact or accidental in~estion for a residential eXDosure
~ -
scenaric but would not be protective of environmental receptors.
The volume of contaminated sedi~ent to be excavated and dis~osed
cf under the OU I cap for this alte~ative is esti~ated to be
appr=xi~ately 11,186 cubic yards.
Esti::ated
Esti:tated
Esti::ated
Estimated
Time for I~plementation: 14 ment:s
Capital Cost: $a,161,994
Annual O&M Cost: $449,7708
Total Cost (net present worth) :
$15,501,000
Alte~ative llC incorporated a target cleanup goal of 30 mg/kg of
merc~~i in sediment, a conce~~ration ~~at is protective of h~ans
exposed to contaminated sedi~ent by de~al conta~ or accidental
ingesticn for a residential exposure scenario, but is not
protective of environmental receptors. The volume of
contaminated sediment to be excavated and dis~osed of under ~~e
OU I ca~ for this alternative is estimated to-be a~~roximatelv
.. - - ..
3,604 c~ic yards.
-
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30
:-:::-;-;-,:"':
-- --.....- ---
~i=e f==-
I=;2.e!!le::~aticr::
7 mc:::::s
~s-::=a-:=.=.
Cae::al Ccs:: $4,038,792
- -
An::~a: O&~ C=st: $449,77C7
To~al Cos~ (net ~~ese~~ wc~:~) :
$11,373,000
-
:::s-:::::;:-:==
Zs~:;::a':ec
A::e~::a,::ve 13: Diver:iDg Flow fro: t~e Easte=~ Wetland to a
Cons~r~e~ed Sedi:entation Basin, aDd Ins~itutional Controls
~~is a:':er::a~ive, whic~ is evaluatec in ~~e FS Ad=e~dum, would
i~cl~== =;direc~~~g c~scha=-;e f=on ~~e Eas~e=-~ We~la~c to a
concr:,:: sedi=en~ation bas:n, lecatec in ~~e Trolley Breck
~etla::=; evaluati~g and im~lemen:i::; ins~:~utio::al controls for
':~e ~:'l:~ Areas a~d ~~e Co:::inu:ng Sc~rce Areas; ~re;aring and
:=;1e:::e:::ing a plan for increased ~u=1ic awareness regarding
con:a:::i::a:ion; a~d c~eating a Fcur:~ au :0 per=o~ additional
s:udi:s en sedimen~ and fish in t~e Sudb~ry River an= seme of the
Continui::g Scurce Areas (Trelley Brock, Cu:=all Creek and t~e
Raceway) to de~e~ine a sedimen~ cleanup level ~~at would lower
risks to hu:an healt~ and t~e enviror~en~ for t~ese areas.
Main~enance of t~e sedimen~ation basin wculd include ~~a~erly
remcval, treat~ent and disposal of accumulated sediments.
Target cleanup goals are not applicable t~ ~~is alternative.
This alte=native would result in decreased migration of
conta~inated sedi~ents from ~~e Eastern Wetland to ~~e Sudbury
River. Hewever, due to space constraints, a basin e~~ipped to
handle s~o~ flews cannot be const~~cted in t~is area.
Therefcre, sto~ flows would need to bypass the sedimentation
basin, resulting in migration of sedimen~ during sto~ events.
In acdition, this alternative is ex;ec~ec to have only minimal
benefit in protecting human heal~~ and the environment. Through
the accu~ulation and eventual removal of sediments from the
basin, t~ere will be, over ~~e long te~, a decrease in exposure
to the c:ntaminants. In the meanti=e, hcwever, this alternative
does not prevent human or ecological expcsure to the contaminated
sediments.
Estimated
Esti:nated
Estimated
Esti!:1ated
Time for Implementation: 3 mont~s
Cacital Cost: $756,749
Annual O&M Cost: $521,62010
Total Cost (net present .worth):
$9,200,000
9 See footnote 2.
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-------
7.
32
4 .
Re~~ctio~ of toxicity, mobility, or volume t~ough
treat:eri~ addresses t~e degree ~= w~ic~
al~=r~a~ives e~ploy recycling or trea~=ent t~at
re~~ces ~=xici~y, mobility, or vclume, inclueing
ho~ tr=a~=ent is use~ to address the :rinciDal
threats posed by t~e Site. - . -
5.
Short te~ effective~ess addresses t~e perioe of
ti=e nee~ed tc achieve protection and any adverse
i~pacts on hU~an health and t~e environment ~~at
may be posed during t~e const~~ction and
i~;:e~entation period, until cleanup goals are
ac::.ieved.
6.
Implement~ility addresses the technical and
ad=i~istrative feasibility of a re~edy, including
t~e availability of materials and ser"Jices needed
to i=plement a partic~lar option.
Cost includes estimated capital and Operation
Maintenance (O&M) costs, as well as present-wor-~
costs.
Modifvin~ criteria
The mOdifying criteria are used on ~~e final evaluation of
remedial alte=natives generally after EPA has received
public ccmment on ~~e RI/FS and Proposed Plan.
8.
9.
State acceptance addresses the State's position
and key concerns related to ~~e preferred
alte=native and o~~er alternatives, and the
State's comments on ARARs or ~~e proposed use of
wai 'Jers.
Com:unity acceptance addresses ~~e public's
gene:al response to ~~e alternatives describec in
the Proposed Plan and RIfFS report.
A detailed analysis of each alternative ccmpared to the nine
criteria can be found in Section 6 of the FS Report.
Following ~~e detailed analysis of each individual
alternative, a comparative analysis, fo~~sing on the
relative per=o~ance of each alternative against ~~e ni~e
criteria, was conducted. This comparative analysis is
summarized in t~e Table 6-15 of the FS and in Sections
-------
.r
CI
~
33
B.
T~=es~old C=i~e=ia
,
,;,..
O~._-. T -
I ~:"'_----~
-::"0'-',"--;0 -",;,:,... "r
......._------..~
0:- F:-~~_"'.N ~:::,~LT:: ;'.~n::
'!'~-: :::~;.t:~CN1-!t:"~r'!'
A:~e=~a~i7es l a~~ 2 ;rcvide no significan~ =e~~c~icn in
,...' :'.- -.... ;,,""""'a -s c- -:"e e""J'i "'''''-::le~''' Ai -.=-..,"'- i "e , (N A...' 0
- ~-:' ....~ ':-... ': - ..,. - .. --""'~". ":..... _I...--:..=-_v - 10 c...l n
ro'-- MC"'-""-'-g) "cu'~ no- e' 'm'na-e "'-~UCQ C'" c-----l v
111:_.., ... ....-:---:-_.. ~. --, "- -- -.. - I -::- .- - -"..'--~ an.
c: ~~e r~sxs pose~ ~y ~~e contam.l~ants .l~ t~e Ccn~~~u~ng
Sc~==e A=eas cr i~ ~he River. Al~erna~ive 2, ~hich adds
!~s~i~u~iena: Cor.~=cls, may cont=el sc=e cf the =isks to
t~=a~ hea:~~, alt~=ug~ it should be nct=~ t~at E?A has
li~~:e experience in i=plemen~ing ins~i~~~icna: centrols
C'iS= long pe=iods of time. Further:no=e, ins~i ~~~ional
cc~~rols ~ou:= no~ eli=inate, reduce or con~rcl any risks to
e~'l~=~r~e~~al rece;~ors.
wti:e the cUrren~ and fU~~re risks fre~ der=al ccn~ac~ or
i~=es~i6n in the Ccn~i~uinc Source Areas are acce=ta=le fer
a =ecrea~ional exposure scenario (i.e., 50 days/year), the
risks are unaccep~able under a residen~ial expcsure scenario
(i.e., 270 days/year). Due to the proxi:ity of bc~h
res~dential areas and Ashland High School to ~~e Con~inuing
Source Areas, EFA believes the more conse~Tative residential
ex~csure scenario is appropriate fer these areas.
In a~dition, the risks to both human and ecological
receptors in ~~e River areas are likely to increase over
ti~e due to the continued migration of cont~i~ants from the
Continuing Source Areas to the River. .Thus, Alte~atives 1
and 2 would not be protective of either h~an health or the
e~vironment.
The selected alter~ative, 1~, as well as other alternatives
with a cleanup level of 1 mg/kg of mercu=-f (3A and 4A.) ,
would oe protective of humans exposed to Con~inuing Source
Area sedi~ents ~~=ough direc~ contact or ingestion for bo~~
residential and recreational exposure scenarios. These 'A'
alte~atives would also provide protection to environmental
receptors in the Continuing Source Areas based on data in
the National Oceanic and A~ospheric Administration's "The
Potential for Biological Effects of Sediment So==ed
Conta~inants Tested in the National Status and Trends
Program" (NOS O~~ 52). These data show that ~~e ~~-M, the
con~a~inant level above which adverse effects to ecological
rece;tors are expected, is 1.3 ppm for mercury in sediment.
The 'a' and 'C' alternatives (36, 4a, IlB, 3C, 4C, and llC) ,
wit~ cleanup levels of 7 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of mercury,
respectively, would be protective of humans ex;osed to
-------
34
i~ges~icn f=~ bot~ ~esice~~ial and recreational eX=os~re
s=e~~~:cs. Ho~ev;=, t~ese alternatives ~ould no~-te
;r~~e~~:ve of ecclc::cal receptors tecause mero~ry leve:s
=e=a:ni~g :~ sedi=;~~s wc~ld exceed t~e 1.3 pp= ER-~.
A:~e~~a~ive 13 pr=7:ies o~:y a mini=al reduction of t~e risk
to h~=an he~:th f=== the sedi=ent expcsure scenarios ~~r~ugh
t~e re=oval cf s~a:: a=o~~~s of c~n~a~inated sedi~en~ d~ring
~~in~enance of the sedi=en~ation basin. Throughout
i=ple=enta~ion 0: ~~is al~ernative, bo~h hU~an and
ec~l==ical rececto=s would con~inue to be eX~osed to
C-~t-~;~atc~ se~;-c--- a~~ Su-&ace T.Tate- -
-.4. :....-.. -- ......-..;...-..._~ ..- -- ... -.
Wi~h regard to ris%s in R:ver Areas, the 'A' al~er~atives
(~:t~ a clean~p goal of 1 =g/kg of merc~ry in t~e Continuing
Source Areas), inc:~i:ng ~~e preferred al~ernative, would
resul~ in t~e grea~es~ decrease in the migration of
conta=inated sedi=e~~s to the Sud=ury River and, therety,
preven~ risks from :~creasing. The 'E' alternatives (with
a cleanup goal. of 7 =g/kg of mercury in the Con~inuing
Scurce Areas) would =e eX:ected to have a lesser effect in
preventing an increase in-risk in the River. Alternatives
3C, 4C, and 11C (wit= a cleanup qoal of 30 mg/kg of mercury
in the Continuing Scurce Areas) and Alternative 13 would
provide the smallest decrease in migration of contaminated
sediments to the River and therefore would have the leas~
i~pact in preventing River contamination from increasing.
The control of risk to humans in River Areas under all
alternatives (except Alte~ative 1) would rely on
institutional controls and pUblic awareness activities until
such time as a final remedy is selected under OU IV. Human
exposure to highly contaminated sediments in the River areas
is unlikely due to ~~e fac~ that highly contaminated
sediments in the River are generally under 8-10 feet of
water. Risks to hU~an health through consumption of fish
from the River will =e controlled through maintenance of
warning signs and o~~er measures to increase public
awareness. While ins~itutional controls and public
awareness ac~ivities will not provide any reduc~ion in risk
to environmental receptors in the River Areas, these
disadvantages are mi~igated by the fact that the controls
will only be in place until a final re~edy for the River is
-------
,-
.;:,
.:. .
C:~?~:ANC! W:7~ A?PLICA3L~ O~ R~~!VArr~ AND A?P~OP?~AT!
R£~C:?£~E~~S .IA?~?s)
.:"
!'l-1 Y excoo"';e"'; ; - t~e 1="as-"--- We~';:> -d Trolle'.! E-"'" ' anc."
--:-: \-- ---.- ..-.. - - '--_.~. -~_."". - -_c..<
C~"::=~l Creek. Cn=er the No Ac~~cn a~":e=na~~ve and t~e
l.:..=.:..-:ec. ac,,:ion alter::ative, t~ese criteria would c~nti~ue t~
=e exceec.ed in t::ese areas since there would be no decrease
~~ ~~e a=c~~t of =e~=~~y released frc= c=~~ami~ated
s=d.:..=en~s i~to the s~rface water.
~he selec~ec. alterna~ive, llA, and Alternatives 3A and 4A,
Nh.:..ch call for the excavation of sec.i=en~s exceedi::g 1 =g/kg
=e==~~y, a=s ex=ec~e~ to resul~ in s~=~ace wate= ~e==~rv
;:'/e"s .ce'c'. t:"e- ...r;;Qc T""e .,..e""--::>ss~o- a"'a'vsis C--c."'c-;"; ;,.,
- - - - '" .. ~.." .. .. - -::- - ... ... -- - -.. - --- ....
the :S calc~lated tha~ a value cf 4.5 ~g/kg mercu~! in
s=di=en~ may result i~ surface wa~er levels below the A~QC.
A:":~cugh this value is based on a low correlation
c=ef:icien~, EPA expects that ~~e cleanup level of 1 mg/kg
0: ~erc~=y in sediments, which is c~nsiderably below this
value, will result in surface water in the Continuing Source.
A=eas that meets AWQC. Fu~her.:cre, i~ i~plementi~g t.~ese
al~e~atives, all c~e~ical-, location-, and action-s~ecific
~~-qs fer ~~e C~nti~uing Source Areas can be met. -
Alte~atives 3E, 3C, 4E, 4C, IlB and llC are not ex:ected to
meet the AWQC since higher levels of contamination re~aining
in t~e sedL:ent after remediation will allow more
pa=t:tiening of conta~inants into ~~e sur=ace water.
v
Alte~ative 13 is not expected to have any significant
ef=e~t on ~~e levels of mercury in the surface water since
conta~inated sediments will not be excavated. The diversion
of s~rface water out=low from the Eastern Wetland to a
sedi:entation basin will not prevent ~~e continued
pa~itioning of mercurY from sediments to surface water and,
therefore, this alternative is not expected to meet ~~e
AWQC. In addition, i~plementation of Alternative 13 would
fa:l to comply wit~ wetlands ~~s. This alternative
includes the c~nstruction of a sedimentation basin into
whic~ surface water outflow from the Eastern Wetland will be
dive~ed. Eecause of Site limitations, the only land
availa~le fer const~~ction of a sedimentation basin is a
wetland area. Since the sedimentation basin would be in
place for many years, this alternative would result in long
-------
36
~a~=r ;'c~ 9 404 a~= ass~ciate~ reg~:a~ic~s: Exec~tive Crder
::990) a~= S~a~e (~assac~use~~s We~:a~d ?r=~ec~i=n Ac~ and
assccia~=d r=gula~~=~s; ~ecui==~e~:s Nhi=~ ~anda~e
~~~~-;~~-;~M C~ 1~:- ~- ~e~~~r~-;~~ -= ~-~--~=!1~S
...-..--.------.. - ---~ ...- '-- -::_r;a_-Io.__.. .......... we._--...... .
'7- S.,--- ..... , .-Q"'-"'i 3'" ... -., ..: J:
-.. ......~..a-f, cn...y a__-_..a..._ves 1:'1., ...~ ana .;.~-~ sa..~s...y bct:h
t~reshcld crit:eria of Cverall Prct~c~ion a~d Co~;liance with
~~-~~s. These alt=r~atives are cc=;ared below using the
balancing and mcdifyi!1g crit:eria. All c~~er alternatives
have been eli~ina~ed fr~w fur~~e= =o!1sidera~icn since they
failed 1:: satisfy cne cr bot:h of t~e1:hres~cld criteria.
c.
Balancing Criteria
1.
LC~JG-!'E?.!~ E::::::"!':.i:::~T=:SS
~.~TD P:::?_'!..;NE~!C:::
A:terna~ive IlA (t~e selected alt=~ative; and Alternatives
3A and 4A, are eg'..:ally effective c-.rer the lcng-te:!:':n in t.1.at
they wculd leave no cc~t:aminated sedi~ent: above backgrcund
levels in the Con~i!1uing Source Areas. The magnitude of
residual risk frcw un~reated wastes in these areas is eaual
for all three alte~atives. -
All of the 'A' Alte~atives require land disposal of
contaminated materials and vari on:r in t.~e volume and
toxicitv of these ~aterials. The selected alternative
provides for land dispcsal of untreated sediments under the
impermeable cap constr~cted under au I. This cap will
provide a barrier against exposure to contaminated sediments
to both human and ecological recep~ors. Periodic Site
visits ar.~ maintenar.ce will be per=c~ed to ensure the
integrity of the cap and its effec~iveness in preventing
exposure to contaminated sediments. Alternative 3A would
treat contaminated sediments ~~rou~h a solvent
extraction/soil washing technology which would result in a
smaller volume of more highly contaminated material that.
would be shipped of=-Site for land disposal. Alternative 4A
would use solidification/stabilization to t=eat contaminated
sediment. This treatment would likely result in a larqer
vclume of less concentrated material which would be shipped
off-Site for diseosal. Therefore, ucon comcarison, t.1.ese
alternatives are-e~~ivalent in t.1.e long-ter: effec~iveness
and permanence they afford.
All of the A alter~atives rely on institutional controls and
pu=lic awareness ac~ivities to cont=ol risk to humans in ~1.e
River Areas until a final remedy is imple~ented for OU IV.
These controls do net provide any increase in protection to
environ=ental receptors in the River and, because EPA has
-------
,-
~ I
G
l~t~:e exper:e~ce ~- i~pleme~ting ins~:~~tior.a: controls
cJer lo~g periods 0: ti=e, it is not ~~o~~ w~e~~er t~ese
co~~rols are rel:a=:e over the loncr te~. T~~s
disa~van~age, hc~ever, is mitigated by t~e fac~ that the
con~rols wc~:d c~:y =e in place until a final re~edy is
i=ple~en~ed under C~ IV. Because all cf the '~'
alter~a~~ves wou:= i~volve institutior.al controls and public
a~areness ac~ivi~~es, t~e effects of these meas~res on long-
ter= e:fect~ve~ess are equal for all these al~er~atives.
~
2 .
RE~CC~IQN C? TCXICITY, MOBILITY, C~ VOLL~~ T~~OUGE
TRE~T~E~T
Alter~ative 3A wc~l= pe~anently reduoe t~e vo:~=e of
c=n~a=inate= sedi=en~s through treat~en~ of these sediments.
However, because t~ere is currently no destr~c~~ve treat~ent
for =etals, this ~rea~~ent alternative would res~lt in a
s~aller volume of ===e toxic material (treat:e~~ residuals)
whic~ would need ~o be disposed of off-S~te.
Alter~ative 4A would pe~anently reduce ~~e
toxicity of the sedi=ents through treat:ent
result in an increase in volume due to ~~e
sOlidification/stabilization treatment which
necessarx prior to off-Site disposal.
I
Alternative 1~, the selected alternative, does not include
any treatment.
mo=ility and
bu~ is likely to
~ay be
3 .
SEORT-TER~ E=:ECTIVENESS
u
For the selected alternative, 1lA, and Alternatives 3A and
4A, short-te~ effects are similar: construction and traffic
congestion, including possible construction of a water
treatment facility to treat water from ~~e dewatering
process; exposure of on-Site workers to contam~~ants in
excavated sediments; and temporary distur~ance of wetlands,
wildlife habitat and the aquatic community. T~ese impacts
would be mitigated by (1) minimizing, to ~~e e~ent
possible, off-Site construction activities and off-Site
movement of const~~ction vehicles; (2) ~pleme~~ation of on-
Site worker protection measures, as needed; (3) protection
of the aquatic co:munity through the use of silt curtains
and/or sedi~entation basins; and (4) restoratic~ or
wetlands, wildlife habitat and the aquatic ccc:unity at ~~e
conclusion of remedial activities. F~~ermore,
alte~atives 3A a~d 4A would have all of ~~e short term
impacts stated above, but would have additional potential
-------
Ja
pla~~ on or near ~~= ?r:~er~y a,-= tra,-s~or~a~io,- of
c=r.~a~inated mater:a:s c:f-Site ~Q an a==rocria~e cis=osal
f,:c:' 2. i ty.. Al ter:1a~:. -;~ ~.::... would :-equi:rs' the - :;:rea tes-:: a::lount
0: c=nta~~nated ma~=r~a~s to be t:rans~cr~=c off-Site to a
dis~osal facility.
..
4 °
IMP!.EMENTABI!.::-O!
The selec~ed alter~a~ive, llA, is t~e ==st easily
i=~:e~en-::ed. It is ~=c~~ically =easib:e, re~~i:res li~ited
1a,-= area for imple=e,-ta~icn, anc requires li-::~le
s~ecialized equipme,-~ or mate:rials. F~rther=cre, because
the location for dis~os:~; the excavated sedi~ent is the
cell constructed in ~he CC I cac, no off-Site landfill
C~-a~'~y necd ~e O~-:;n e~ A1-~-~a~;vcs 3A a-~ 4A a-=.
-::- --'- - ~ -'-'--. -- -'1..--.. "'-- - .4- --
tec~nically feasible but require specialized e~~ipment and
operators, and may r.c~ be adminis-::rati-;ely feasible if
significant land ac~~isi~ion and pe~i~~ing are necessary.
Land availability i,- the vicinity of the Nya~za Property is
1i~i~ed because most of ~he Prope~y is either wetland area
or is already being u~ilized for ac~ive indus-::rial uses. In
addition, Alternatives 3A and 4A will require off-Site
landfill capacity fer disposal of sedi=ent treat~ent
residuals: the capaci~y needed fer Alternative 4A is
greater.
5.
COST
The capital, operaticn a,-d maintenance, and total cost for
each 'A' alternative is provided as pa~ of the Description
of Alternatives in Sections VIII and X of ~~is ROD. It
should be noted, however, ~~at ~~e Operation and Maintenance
costs for these alternatives assume 30 vears of Oceration
and Maintenance esti=ated at approximately 6.8 to.7.3
million dollars (net present wo~~). T~ese operation and
Main't:enance costs we:re calculated in the FS to include
activities such as annual monitoring and institutional
controls for the Sud:ury River. However, because
investigations under au IV will be performed ccncurrently
with the implementation of the OU III remedy, monitoring of
the River will be c=nduc~ed as part of ~~ese OU IV
investigations. In addition, instituticnal controls are an
in't:e~im remedy only, pencing t~e ocr IV ~emedy decision.
Therefore, ~~ese costs a:re expected to =e far less than t~e
-------
.
()
v
:;:;
c: ~~e 'A' al~==~a~iv=s, the sele~~ed alter~ati,e, llA, is
~~= leas~ ex~e~sive a~ $20,4:?,000 a~d is t~e ~=st cos~-
e':':,:,..-iv", s~-c"" i"" ac:""'='ies ;:> ""r""'-'='--.;ve c'''''''n-''- leve' a-
.------ -: -.. - -"- :..-- ~ ~ "'''--~-- --- -::" --
~~= s=al~ss~ c=s~. A_~e~a~~ve 3A ~s the ~ext ~=s~
e:(~e~sive a-:: $24,593,000, wr..:.ls 4A is the =os\: costly
a:~sr~ative at $47,799,000.
~~=:e 6 su~ar:zes t~e total cost a~d opera~ion a~d
~ai~\:enance cos~s for each a:~erna~:ve as estima~ed in t~e
.~ I~ addi~icn, this ~able shows t~e ccs\: of ~~e remedy
ex=l~ding opera~ion a~d main~=nance costs =e~ause the act~al
to~al cos~s (ne~ presen~ Wo~~) are expected to =e closer to
~~e es~i=ated capital costs :or t~e reasons ex;:ained abcve.
D.
Mcdifyi~q Criteria
1.
S~AT~ ACCE?TANCE
Eased cn its review 0: the R:/:S a~c Propcsed Pla~, the
Co~cnwealth of Massac~usetts conc~=s with the selected
re~edy. A c~py of the declaration of conc~==ence is
attached as Appendix s.
:2 .
CaMMt~ITY ACCEPTANCE
Co:cents received from ~~e Ashland community indicated a
conce~ about the capacity ur.der ~e au I cap and the risks
associated with opening the cap. Comments also indicated a
preference for the No A~ion or the Solvent Extraction/Soil
washing Alternative (3A or 3B) for the Continuing Source
Areas. Those recommending No Action felt ~~ere wasn't
enough infor:ation to dete~ine the presence of a human
health or ecological risk fro~ these areas. Co~ents
re~eived frcm the downstream communities indicated suppo~
for re~ediation of the continuing Source Areas in
combination with additional studies on the Sudbury River.
-------
40
x.
TEE SELEC~E~ REMEDY
E~a ~~- ~~osa~ ~'tQ~na-~'/Q ", a ~k 1 - ~ 1--_- -~.
-.. ...-::>:-.. ;....-:- --.. ~- - -_.~ s "'..oe se_sc -e- a- -=- ...a '-- ve .
A:~e~~a~:ve ll~ ~s a scurce c~n~~ol re~e~y ~~ich a~~resses the
t~rea~ ~: hu=a~ health and the environmer.~ =osed bv ex:osure to
conta=~r.a~ed sediments in the Con~inuing So~rce Areas.- This
remedy ~:ll alsc reduce the continued migra~ion of conta~inants
to the S~dbu~i River. In addition, E?A ~ill perfc~ additional
s~~dies == the Sudbury River under OU IV, a=~er wtich a final
re~e~y f:~ the Rive~ will be selec~ed. Finally, i~stit~~ional
ccnt~=ls, which will be i~;lemen~e~ as par~ of this re~edy, are
an in~er:m re~edy only, pending the final O~ IV re~edy decision.
v
.:
. A.
ClsanuD Levels
A r.~=be~ of conta~inan~s, both Site- ar.d non-Site ~elated,
a~e fou~d in the Continuing Source Areas and in the Sudbury
Rive~. Ho~eve~, clean-~p levels were evaluated only for
merc~ry for several reasons. First, i~ is the only
cor.~aminan~ which sho~ed a clear connec~ion to the Site. In
addi~ion, mercury is the primary Site-~elated conta~inant
cor.~ributing to both hucan health and ecological risk.
The Mercuri cleanup level of 1 mg/kg was selected for the
Con~inuing Source Areas in order tp be protec~ive of human
heal~~ and the environment for a variety of ex;osure
scenarios. This cleanup level is approximately equal to
concentrations of mercuri found at locations upqradient of
~~e Site. In addition, this cleanup level reduces mercury
levels approximately to ~~e median biologioal effec~s level
(E~-!-!) reported by NOAA in "The Potential for Biological
Effects of Sediment-Sorbed Contaminants Tested in the
National Status and Trends Program" (NOS Ol-f_~ 52). This E.~-
M, ~~e contaminant level above which adverse effects to
ecological receptors are expec~ed, is 1.3 ppm for mercury in
sedi~ent. A level of 1 mg/kg of mercury is also protective
for human health ~~ough exposure via accidental ingestion
and cermal contact for all exposure scenarios. Remediation
to t~is clean-up level is expected to result in a hazard
index of less than one for these eXDosure scenarios. This
cleanup level is also expected to prevent the risks in the
River from increasing by decreasing the levels of mercury
migrating to the Sudbury River.
This cleanup level will be met at ~~e completion of the
reme~ial action throughout the Continuing Source Areas.
This cleanup level attains EPA's risk management goal for
reme~ial actions and has been dete~ine~ by E?A to be
p::-otective.
-------
L)
v
41
B.
Cos~s c: Se:ec~e~
A: -:e~!1a -:.:. ~'e :
T1'le c::s-:s
Es~i:!'la-:'ed
Es-:i=a~ed
wc~~~) :
Es-.:i::la-:.ed
cf this ~e!:1edia':
capital Ccs-::
A~~ua: C=e~a-:ic~
~A"~ :'-0::
_;jo,11
Tctal Ccs-.: (ne~ present wcr-:~)
a':ter~a~i 'ie a~e:
$13,080,275
and Mai~-:.ena:lce
Cos-:.
(net
p~esent
$2::, ';19, 00012
c.
Des~~i~ticn cf Re~e~ial
Ccmr::cr.e::ts
Majcr ccmpcnents 0: t~e selec-:ed re=edy
are described belc~.
1.
Site
P:::epa=at:.~n
Si~e prepa~aticn ac~ivities would be i~itiated wi~~ t~e
ccnstruc~ion c: access ~oads necessar~ for t~e
mcbilization a~d use of ex::avaticn, t=anspcrtation a::d
disposal equi;=ent. Roadway ccns-.:ruc~ion ~ould be
perfo~ed t:: :ini::lize wetland i~pacts. Exact locaticns
0: the access ~oacs shall be cete~ined in Re:edial
Design.
T1'le Site prepa=ation includes the establis~ent of
security and ccnt=olled access to the Site, ~~e
connection of light and powe~ utilities and the
fu.-nishing of sanita=y facilities. A chai~ link. fence
will be cons~~cted around the peri~eter c: the areas
to be remediated. To the maximum exte."1t feasible,
existing fences will be utilized. W~ing siqns will
be posted at 100 foot intervals along the fences and at
~~e ent=ance gates.
Site preparation work will also include provisions for
controlling Site drainage. In general, diversion
ditches will be usee to ensure proper drainage of
sto~water awav f=om contaminated areas. Erosion
centrol in ~~e.fo~ of silt fencinc will be used to
prevent uncont=olled movement of contaminated
sediments. Stormwater management and erosion cont=ol
measures to be used during excavation activities are
also considered part of the Site preparation work.
Because these activities may include sedi~ent movement,
an air monitoring program will be iMplemented during
the perfo~ance of t1'le Site preparation wc~k to
determine risks to on-Site workers and nea==y
residents. In addition, subsequent to Site preparation
l' See fcot~ote 2.
-------
42
work bu~ ~~:or ~= sedi:e~t ex=ava~ion ac~iv:~ies,
se~i~ent ==~itcr:~g will be perfc~ed to f~~~er defi~e
co~~a~ina~~ leve:s in a~y area i~pac~ed by Si~e
p=a;a=ati=~ ~o=k.
If ~ecessa~Yi t~:s component of ~~e re~edy ~:ll utilize
meas~res t= lim:~ poten~ial air e~issions fr=~
ex=ava~icr. activi~ies, inoludi~g ~he follo~i~g ~ethcds:
e~closure of the ~ork areas; emission suppressicn
tec~niques (e.g. foam, water spray); and co~~ainment or
ex=ava~ed sedime~~s.
Following ~~e i~s~allation of erosion control
st~~c~~res, clearing and grubbing will be perfor:ed on
t~e densely vege~ated areas needed for imple=entaticn
and ccnst~~=~ie~ of ~~e selec~ed remedy. If pcssible,
cleared detris s~=h as trees, shr~s, and s~~=s will
be dispose~ of u~=er the OU I cap. If there is net
sufficien~ space under the cap fer disposal of these
materials, they ~ill be disocsed cf off-Si~e. Althcu~h
it is not expec~e~ that these ~aterials will constitute
RC~; hazar=ous waste, if it is dete~ined t~at ~~ey do,
they will be disposed of off-Site in accor=ance wi~~
RCRA requirements. After areas have been cleared,
grading will be performed to provide a level surface
for the operaticnal areas.
Adverse ~=acts to wetlands ar~ wildlife will be
minimized during all Site prep'aration activities. To
~~e extent practicable, consideration will be given to
seasonal constraints to minimize impacts to wildlife
during these activities.
2.
Remcval of Secticn of au I Cap
A portion cf the existing cap constructed under OU r
will be removed (see Plate 1). This will be done by
excavating ~~e material above ~~e liner in ~~e area to
be removed. This material will be stockpiled and to
the extent practicable, used to rebuild the cap when
remediation is complete. The liner will ~~en be cut
out. Next, the bentonite layer will be broken out,
excavated cr saw cut. The practicability of reusing
cap materials will be dete~ined during remedial
design. If it is dete~ined during design ~~at ~~is
material will be re-used, it will be stockpiled until
.it is used in reconstruction.
-------
"~
u
<.-
. .,
....
")
Ex=avati=~ of C:ea~
Fill f:'-::::t
t..:::c.==
OCI Ca:;:
C:ea~ s~i~s wi~~ te excava~ed fr== t~e area ~tere t~e
C~? ~as ~s=oved. Sur;ey :nf~~a~~~n f~om c=~s~~~ctic~
0: or; I i~dicates t~e ver~ical a~~ lateral li=i~s of
~~is clea~ soil. A buffer of clea~ soil wi:l be left
be~Neen t~e con~am~:'lated !:!a~=~ials under the cat: and
-~Q 1 ;~i-- or- ex-a'/a-;o- I: S',i-~~lc the C' -
'-...- - -..'-- -.::I - "-~!.... - 1to4- -_JaJ -, .. _ea:l
~a~e=ial excavated will be used to create a te=?orar~
wate~ control be~ around t~e exposed area. ~~is
excavated =ater~al will be tes~ed to deter=ine its
s~ita=ility for use to back:ill t~e wetland areas to be
excavated. If i~ is fou~d to te s~itable, t~is clean
f~ll will be used for the reconst~~ct~on of t~e .
we~lands: if it is not s~ita=le, it will be diseosed of
i- ~~ a~----r;a-Q O::-Si-Q '~c~-;~- C-;-Q-;~-to
-.. -... ~:---::' - -- -- --- -- ----.... ...'-----
deter=ine the s~ita=le use 0: this material wi~l be
developed as part cf t~e wetland restoration ::::rogram
d~ring re=edial design.
4.
Excavatio~ of Conta~inated Sedi~e~t
Four areas, referred to as t~e Continuing Souroe Areas,
shall be excavated. These areas L~clude ~~e Eastern
Wetland, Trolley Brook, Outfall Creek and t~e lower
Raceway (see Figure 3). Th~ approximate surface
areas of t~ese areas are approximately 295,1~O square
feet. These areas shall be excavated bv conventional
mechanical means to a depth of up to approxi~ately 4
feet in the Eastern Wetland and Tr=lley Brook and
approximately 1 foot in Outfall Creek and the lower
Raceway. This excavation will re:ove sediments with
mer~~ry in excess of t~e 1 mg/kg cleanup level. A total
of approxi~ately 20,206 cubic yar:s of contaminated
sedi~ents shall be excavated. These depths and volumes
will be fu~her refined through predesign s~pling.
A combination of conventional mec~anical means shall be
used including the following: cl~shell dredge,
dragline dredge, backhoe, suction dredge, cutterhead
dredge, dustpan dredge and portable hydraulic dredges.
To i~plement t~is component, a precessing area will be
set up prier to sediment excavatic~. The processing
area will be constructed so as to prevent, to the
extent possible, any migration of t~e excavated soils
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44
C~a=a=~=ris~:=s =e~NeSn t~e fc~= C=ntinui~= Sc~-=e
~ -
~reas ~~ be ~xcava~ec vary scmeN~a~ and c:=fere~t
-:~~-~-'es &_~ S-=~'~g c.'-:~~;~- a~a' --a~s-or- ay be
'---.....-""::",, ..-- '--':-"', ---~_.6":: .. '--...::- "- m
appr=;riate. T~e most ap?ropria~e techni~~e fer
cond~=~:ng t~e excavation for eac~ area will be
dete~:nec d~ring remedial design. Excava~ed secimen~s
:ro= ~~e Outfall Creek and lower Raceway areas will
~eec ~o be transpor~ed for a s~or~ distance on public
roads ~~ t~e Prope~y. T~e volu=e of this material was
esti=a~ed to be only 121 c~bic var=s of t~e es~i~ated
28,2S5 c~bic yar=s t~ be excava;ed under t~e selected
=e!:le,=::- .
;'S described in t~e Site ?re?ara~ion campor-ent of the
selec~ed re~edy above, meas~res Nill be i==le~ented to
li=i~ potential air e~issions fro= excavation
ac~iJi~ies. An air monitoring prograr. shall be
i=ple=ented during t~e perfo~ance of on-Site sediment
excava~ion cc~pcnents of the re=edy to deta~i~e risks
t~ cr.-Site workers and nearby residents. Air sampling
s~ations will be located at recresentative coints
t~rcughout the remediaticn area and at the perimeter of
the work zone.
This cortion of ~~e selec~ed re~edv shall be
i~ple=ented in a manner ~~at mitigates any contaminant
migration downstream. The method of isolating
cont~inated sediments will be dete~ined during desigr.
of the selected remedy, considering also the need to
mitigate wetland impacts.
Confi~atory sampling will be conducted following
excavation to dete~ine that clean-up levels have been
attained.
Because the areas to be excavated are wetlands,
excavation and associated activities will be perfo~ed
to mini~ize adverse imcacts to wetland areas. EPA has
dete~ined that, for this OU, there are no practicable
alte~atives to the Site preparation and sediment
excavation components of the selected remedy, t~at
would achieve Site goals but would have less, short-
te~ adverse impacts on ~~e ecosystem. Therefore,
measu=es will be performed to mitigate these impacts.
Sedi:entation basins and/or silt o~ains will be
i~sta:led downstream to capture any particles t~at may
become suspended during excavation activities. During
excavation and dewatering of merc~=y conta~inatad
-------
.:'
cr
v
. -
...::
== c=~cuc~=~ ~= =~su~= ~~a~ ~~a~s~c~ c= C=~~~=~~an~s
~s ~=~ cc=~~=~~; as a ~ss~l= c~ ~~a ex=ava~~:~.
~x=a'late~ a=s;s sjall =s is~:a~=~ =y =ea~s c: e==sicn
c=~~==l cev:=es ~e.cr. sa~==a=s, ~av=a:=s .C- Q~--~Q~
"". "'.., ~. ~......-. - ----...-..
c~~=s) a~= sec~=s~~at~=~ c=~~==~ C~V:=es (e.g.
s=~~=e~t~~i=~ =a5i~s), a~c c:ve=s~=~ 5~~~C~~==s. T=
-"-= C)X-C~- ~-="'-':"':.~lQ c-""s';";e-:::t-';e- ...;,":~ "-- ". .-
'-..- - '-:;-u'- :--_...._~-_.... -, ":"". _.~ --:-- .. ""_,:",:" -; C;1..lJ'en ....0
saas~~a~ c=~s~=:~~~s ~= m~~~=~z= ~=pac~s t= ~~lclife
d~=:~g t~ese ac~:v:~ies.
!~ ac=itic~ ~= t~=se ~~~i~~z~~~=~ c---~-=--- s-~~s
_.:._~_..:.._.:: I "--:::-
~i:l be tak=~ t= r=stc~= i~pac~=c ~e~~a~c a=sas as
c;s~~~be~ i~ c==;=nent 7 of ~~e s=lec~e~ ~e==~y =elc~.
- .
CE~a~e~i~g a~~ Cis~csa:
Ee=a~se t~e exca'lated sa~i=e~:s
..~~,
""---
c::::'ta.:::
li~..lids
wr.e~ excava~e~, a dewa~e~ing ~~=~ess (e.g. fi:~e~
p~esses) stall te used follewing excava~ie~.
De~a~=ring will ~educe t~e =cis~~=e c=~te~~ c: t~e
excavated ma~e~ials and facili~a~e t~si~ ha~~ling an~
transpo~. T~e dewater:ng s:ste~ shall ccr.s:s~ of
mec~anical (e.c;. telt f:lte~ p~esses, ~ecesse~ c~amber
filte~ presses, .centrifuges) and/o= cte~ical precesses
(e.g. flyash addi~ion) and would be ciesigne~ based on
results of benc~-scale and c~e~ical tests. :cllowinC'
t~o ~e~.a-~~~~~ ~--cess se~;-e~~- p;'1 be -:~-~~ to .
--- ..... ." '--- -..,,:: :-- -- , ~_...... '-.:I .... --- '--- '--'"
dete~ine ~~at t~ey pass the paint filter tes~ prior to
disposal unde~ t~e cap. If ~hey fail te pass this
testl additional dewate=inc; measures will be taken.
Wate~ ext~acted f=om t~e excavated mate~ials shall be
adequately store~ and treated as necessary to remove
residual contaminants to protective levels. T=eated
effluent shall be disc~arged to an on-Site surface
water body. Treat~ent residuals will be disposed of
off-Site. If it is dete~ined ~~at t=eat~ent residuals
constitute RC~~ hazardcus waste, t~ey will be disposed
of off-Site in accordance with RCRA re~ire~ents.
Predesign studies will be conducted to-deter:ine the
need to treat water frem the dewatering process.
Followinc; dewate=inC;1 t~e excavated mate~ials would be
trans:orted te t~e ocr I caD a=ea and dis~osed of under
the cap. The est~mated capacity of ~~e OU I cell to be
used is 25,000 to 301000 cubic yards. The cu==ent
esti=-ate of sedi=ent to be excavated u~de~ t~e selec~ed
re~edy is approxi~ately 20,000 c~ic yards. Therefore,
E?A e~ec~s tha~ the ocr I cell will have sufficient
ca-=~;:y fo~ d;s-es~l O~ a'l C~--a-;n~-~~ S-~;~e-ts
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46
f==~ :c I::. m~Q ~-=~l eX-Q~- ~-~ ve'-~~~~ ~--~i~ C~--
-...- -:-::---- .. --...:- -..- --~--- :::,--___e
t~e ex~s:~~; cap ~~~: net be ~~c=ease~ u~~e= :~is
"'::'~Q.,..;.. i- a";"';i-.:-- ~..:~...; "Q-Q""""'~--,.. -....=-
-----7':' ,--,:,':7-'---~-'"-- -'- 7s c._-----..e- .....--
p~=v:=~s~y ~~c~s~~===c ma~er~als f=om the cell need to
be ex=ava:e~ c~ri~; ~e~e~~al Ac:i~n, t~is =a:e=ia: will
be c~a=acte=ize~ c~=i~g reme~ial cesig~. ?=e~esi~
S",-.,...-:,.,,... ..'~~' '""e ----""'''''-.::0'''; .;.., -... C- -~ .~- S -
""-':---"':: ...--- - '--..--.......--...... ,-..e ...n,-...n1.:._..g our::e
A=eas t= f~=:~e= cel~~eate merc~~J cept~ ;=c::les, to
-=.:~-:. -..4::. ..c;..~e ,Qc:-':""'~-:s O~ -e""-.'''''''' --- 0_...,.;
- -: 7"- '-..- , 7 ...:. -- -.......... '-- . -... - '--- y-c_.. -a=~.;..a ...e-
se~~=e~t re~~~=~~g ex=avat~or., a~c to cel~~eate i~itial
ve~~=a: a~= late=~: bcu~da~iss === se~i=e~~
ex-a"~-~"'r. C,'-i-- --me"';ia' c.=s~C'''' a C." - :, "
- '-.-7-" . ~ -;-_u-; -: -- - . - 7-" e_a.._ec
eval~a:~cr. ~~~~ be =a~e ef ex~st~~g cap capacity a~d
t~e =e:i~e~ velume e= material re~~i=inC' c.is=csal. The
t::1.:.--"'''''e 0'= -:.,~s eva'''a~ier:: w.;" '""e- to c.-~~,:>-~""'e i'"
- -~-- - -..- -- -- . ---.- ----...-.. .-,
base~ O~ bes~ e~g:~ee=i~g prac~i=es, t~e~= is
s~=f:=ie~t s~==age capacity i~ t~e cell f~= au II=
ma:e=ials. If it is cete~ined t~at t~e ccn~a=ina~ed
se~i=ents t= be excavated and c.is;csed a=e likely to
eX~ee~ cell capacity, or if t~is is founc. t~ be ~~e
case c~=ing ce~st~~c~ion, E?A will procee~ in
ac::o==anee ~i~~ Sec:ion 300.435(c) (2) cf ~~e NCP.
..
:J
Ccn~a=inate~ materia:s deposited in ~~e au I cell ~ill
be at least 4 feet above the probable high greundwater
level in ~~e area cf the cellJ During re:eciation, any
rai~ water t~at mav come in contact witb excavated
m"'-.::o~:"" ~e-os;-e~.;~ -he ce" ~d'l ~e C"'n---llod
-~--~-- \..8.::" -"- - ...." '-. -- w_- J..J """ "'--.... --
th=ough engineering and construction techniques.
Activities relating to t~e disposal and t=ansportation
of ~~ese sediments will be perfor=ec so as to minL:ize
potential destruction or loss of wetlands or ac.verse
im;ac~s to crganis~s.
6.
Rebuild the Re:ove~ Portion of au I Cap
The cap, as designed for ocr I, will be reconstructed in
the area whe~e it was re~oved. To ~~e extent possible,
materials re~oved during the cap removal will be used
to rebuild t=e cap. The reconstructed cap shall meet
the pe=fo~ar.ce standards required under au I including
the following: (1) i~ shall have a permeability less
than or equal to 1 x 10-7 em/see; (2) it shall fun~ion
with minimum maintenance; (3) it shall procote dra~age
and minimize erosion or abrasion of the cover; and (4)
it shall accom:odate settling and subsidence so that
the cever's integrity is maintained. Both lab and
fielc tests (incluc.i~g undistu=be~ core sa=pling) shall
be pe==o~ed to check co~pliance with the pe~eability
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"
47
~:~~~r~=e~~: - ~~r7~;_t~e.~~s~;~ a~alysis ~~ ~i:l be
=e~e==:~e~ :: :~ ~s =eas:=~: ~= re-=atc~ ~~e exis~ing
=e~~=~~~e. ~: t~is is ~c~ p=s5~=:e, a ~e~ :ixe~ =atc~
== =e~~=ni~= ~~l: =e usee. ~~ S-:-o~ ;~ C-~~c-o-t 2
. '" U- '-- --:--..... -...~ H_". ,
~= ~~e ex~=~~ prac~:=a=l=, t~e ~a~s=~al C7;~ t~e
ex~sti~; li~er w~l: be st=ck;~:ed a~d used for
=;c=ns~=uc~:=~ c: t~e ca=. I~ =e=:acing ~~e ,~~c~ t~e
.. . '.. -: .. -.. . --..-- I ..
~~ner r=lls ~:ll =e over~a;;e~ a~e t~e sea=s will be
~ea~ w=:de~ ~~ a===~~a~ce wi~~ c~=~=nt c=~s~~~c~icn
=et~ccs use= ~~C=~ CG I.
7.
~e~la~=s Res~==a~ic~
~?A has de~===ined ~~at, f=~ t~~s S~==I t~e=e a=s no
--ac-~c:~'e a~-~--a-~ves -- -~- s-~~~-e~ ---e~v t~a-
~- :~ -~7 -'--:--:. -- '-'"-: :-...:= =---.- -. -;.;... -. ..." "-
Hcule a=~~e,e S:~e qoals ~:~~ ~ess, s~or~-te~ aeverse
~~?ac~s on t~e ecosyste~. C~less sedi::!en~s Nit~
contam~~ant levels greater t~a~ t~e target levels are
excavated, t~e c=nta::!inan~s i~ ~~e se~iments would
c=ntin~e t: p:se a~ unacc=;~a=:e ec=logical risk.
T~us, excava~ion 0: the ccnta=~~ate~ sedi=e~~s is
necessary.
T~is ex=avat:c~ of contaminate~ se~i~ents a~d anc~llary
activities ~ill res~lt in unavcidable tem;o~ary ~pacts
and dis~urbar.ce to wetland resc~ce areas. Suc~
i=pacts may i~clude the des~~ictior. of vege~ation and
t~e loss of ce=tain plants and aquatic or~anis:s.
!:pacts to t~e fauna and flora Nill be mitigated L~
accordance wi~~ the min~izatic~ me~~ods disc~ssed
under c:~ponent 4, above, and t=e
rest:ration/e~_~ance=ent re~~i=e=ents disc~ssed below.
Wetland enhancement will only be performed if it is .
dete~ined that a pcrtion of t~e existing wetland
cannot be res~ored.
This wetland restoration/enhancement progra: will be
i~clemented u:on co~cletion of ~~e remedial activities
in. wetland areas adversely i~pa~ed by remedial ac:ion
and ancillarY activities. All excavated a~eas will be
backfilled with suitable material, graded, stabilized
and planted. The area will be rest:red to appropriate
elevation contours and simila~ vegetation will be .
planted. Organic fill mate~ial will be distributed
throughout t~e excavated areas to create grading,
elevation and drainage approachi~g original patterdS
and to se~~e as subs~~ate for replacement of
-------
<;:
~~s ~es~=~a~~o~ :~=g~a= N~l~ == deve:ocec d~~~~g desi~~
of ~~= s2lsc~ec -=-e~v -~ PB~":~= Y=-~;~d ~'~c-~~ns a=c:,"
---. -- '-- -~:----- .....----... --... --- ...
~a=:~a~ a~eas. :~e-~e===~a~~o~ cond~~ions in we~lands
j ik:"°J' -..... '-e ';--::.--.Q"': 1-.. "'Q~e":';a~ -.:. ~-.; .. -1 '-
--. --. ~- -. --~--:7- -:. --~ -- - ~C__7_~.es sna~ ~e
assesse~ p~:e~ ~e ::s~~~=ance. ~~:s pre-re=ecia~ion
as-~=::--e"'- S"a' i ~Q -""c ~as~"j': -e '-v ....~ ~.. -.,....,
.:>..-.:>... ..'- .. -- -- '-..-... =--.. -. "'.__C:l c_..,p~~a.nce
w~~t we~land res~=~a~ic~ perf=~a~ce s~andards shall ce
~eas~~ec. T~is =aseli~= assess=ent stall c~aracterize
t~e ex~s~~~c wet:a~ds w~~~ re~ar= ~o hvdrolccv Sn~l
.. ..... -.' -..-
c~ara=teris~ics, dect~ cf or=a~~c soils, vecetation
.. . . ". .. -: .... -,
c:ve~s:~YJ an: c~=er app~=prla~e C~:~er:a a~d shall
incl~=e a t~or=~gt analysis of tte ex~sting and
po~en~~al values a~d fu~otions of the wetland. T~is
assess=ent shall also include a fielc investigation to
de~e==i~e t~e presence cf and =ap the eccur~ence of any
Federal Endangerec er Ttreatened Species and
Massactusetts Rare Spec~es wittin areas likely to be
~~cac~ec bv re=ed~al ac~ivities. Eased on the ere-
re;ed~a~ion assess=ent, ~he we~lands restoration. plan
will identify the factors whict are key to a.successful
restoration and/or enhancemen~ of the altered wetlands.
Factors will include, but not necessarily be limited
to, replacing and =egrad~ng hydric seils, previsions
for hydraulic control and provisions for vegetative
reestablishment, incluci~g trar.splan~ing, seeding, or
some co~ination ~ereof. For res~ored areas, wetland
plant species shall be of sufficient diversity to
provide habitat for a variety of indigenous ani~al
species equivalen~ to concitions exis~ing prior to
remedial activities. Habitat value will be evaluatec
using three ende=ic species (2 plant/l animal) to
monitor for successful restoration. Qualitv assurance
measures shall include; (1) de~ailed topogr~phic and
vegetative surveys to ensure replication of proper
surface elevations and vegetation; (2) engage~ent of a
wetland replication specialist; (3) establishment of
work area limits for equipment to prevent inadvertent
place~ent of fill; (4) production of a reproducible
base map and a detailed planting sche~e; (5)
photographic documentation: anc (6) description of pre-
remediation conditions.
"
E?A, in consultation with DE?, shall determine when
s~ecific restoratien ac~ivities shall be perfor:ed.
Consideration shall be civen to breeding seasons,
climatic conciticns, and the ti~e fra~e bet~een
-------
,;-
c:
~
4;
':~= ==s~::=:~:cn
;=~g~:= will incl~=e
=c~~~::=i::g
-:,........ -:~Q--:: --
- --:,--- -.....-.. -- ."-"-'
==~e==~~e ~~e s~==ess of t~e
res~=ra~ic~. F~-~cc~~ ma'--ona~cQ (e g -l=~-~_g) mav
..... -- -. -- .. -.. --.. .... - .. ~7-..1".-... -
a..:..s= ::e ne~=ssa=-.:. ~c e!":.s~== f~na..:. :-es-==ra-:1.cn of t!le
ces~;~a~e~ ~e~la~= areas.
8 .
Lc~;-Te~ ~~7irc~=e~tal Mo~~tori~~
A~ ~~e c==;:etic~ cf re=e~ial ac~i=~, nc c=nta=ination
a==.e back===unc levels will re~ai~ i~ ~~e C=n~inuin~
~ -
c:c'---"" '-",,-- 'T''"-O-O-=''''-o '" five ve=- -e'~~ ...'- ..~" t
- ---~ n_~.::.==... ....---~...._-, -. - - -- .... "--.'V ""'--- no
be ~ecessar: ~n ~~ese areas.
Lc~;-te~ ==~it=ri~g cf t~ese areas, hcwever~ shall be
c=~~~c~e~ ~= ens~re t~e lcng-te~ e==ecti7e~ess of the
wetland res~=rati=n
p=-=g:-a=r.
As require~ by la~, EEA will review ~~e re~edy,
i~c:uding t~e ca;, at least once eve=y five years after
i~i~~ation c: re=e~ial action to assure ~~at .~~e
re:edial ac~ion c=ntinues t~ be protective of human
heal~~ and t~e e~viron:ent. This review will be
conducted ~~der ~~e OU I r~edy.
9.
Institutional Controls/Additional Studies
A fou~~ OU to fU=-~er investigate c~nta:ination in the
Su~ury River will be impl~ente~ to sele~t a final
re:eciatior. ~lan for ~~e River. Until such ti=e as
this final remedy is selected, institutional controls
(e.g. sign =aintanance and public awareness activities)
shall be i:~lemented along the Su~ury River as an
inte~im re:edy to deter consumption of fish by
fishermen along ~~e River. Warning signs alerting
anglers to ~~e risks from ingestion of contaminated
fish will be maintained along the River until a final
re:edy is i=plemented for ~~ese areas.
EPA will also implement a public awareness campaign in
conjunction with DEP and ~~e towns along ~~e River
until a final re:edy decision is made under OU rv. The
pur;ose of ~~e pU=lic awareness campaign is to increase
the awareness of the public about ~~e risks from
cons~Dtion of contaminated fish. EPA, in coordination
wit~ DEP, will work with officials from affected towns,
representatives from existing River g=oups (e.g.
Fra=i~gham A=voca~es for the Suc=u=y River, Su~ury
Valley T=us~=es, Wild and Scenic Rivers Study
-------
50
C==~i~~ee) a~= c~~e~ in~e==s~ed c=~~unit'l ~==u=s to
eva':.la~"" a-,.: ;-...1 "",...=,.,t:. 0"--1;C a,-oa-"""''''S:: a.C':~H;:;es
- -- ..- _.....1.::----_.. -"---- ..... --..- - --~_I..- .
T~ese ac~i(~~~es =ay i~cl~de ide~~~=~cati::~ of g=ou~s
'~:-",iV t"" ~....-=:>-~...c C"""-"-; "',.:.::~' " -'.(:' to-
--...--. ... -- ---~..- ........--_na;..e- ..._S:1, ~c:en_1....1..ca ~cn
0':: -"''''~c'':s -"" e":"ca-"" "';"e ;-"'ac"''''''': C-""u"'s 0... 0
- -- -..... 100... ...... - - '-.. "'';'':-, - -- - ...... ~ .. an ongo l.."'lC'
tas~s, ide~~~fica~.:.o!'1 of =easures to eval~ate t.~e -
e-=-="""'''';ve'"''''c::- cf "'--e P";..lic a'.a-"""'ess ero - ~
----...- ..--.::> '-.. ---... .. --.. - g_a1:1 an....
establishinc a t~=ef=a~e for i==le~enting t~e clan.
o - -
"
I~ addition, ins~it~tiona: cor.~=::ls will te implemented
i~ t:~e vicir.i~y of t~e ca; to preve~~ activi~ies t.~at
wcu:d c=mpr=~ise t~e integ~ity c: t~e cap.
10.
Res~oration 0= Trolley Br::ok
Wetla~c.
p..rea G)
Following re=ediation of t~e Easterr. Wetland the
c~lvert be~Neen t~e Easte~ Wetla~d and Trolley Brook
We~land (Area G) will be reopened anc. Area G will be
res~ored. As explained in ~~e Sept:e~er 21, 1992
Ex:lanation of SiC'~ificant Differences, t~is c~lvert
was not reopened at t.~e co=pletion of au I activities
because of t.~e risk of recontaminating Area G.
Restoration of Area G will be completed based on a
wetland restoration plan to be developed during design.
This plan will. include planting and other activities to
restore the wetland to its preconst~~ction state and
will be base~ on historical info~ation (e.g. ae~ial
photography) regarding ~~e wetland.
-------
- .
- -
XI.
S7~~UTORY DE~~~~:~~7:0NS
The ===ec~al ac~i=~ sa:e=~== ===
CU ::::: is
==::s::'s~a::-:
~N.:' t:: CE:~CL~.
(!
anc: -- ---Q eX-Q1""'- -""=~-;-::II;""~:' -""'e ,..-~ ""~Q c::-~=,...--....: - "",.
. I --. '-....- -.. --..- :'.---~-.----:' .'-.. .i"-:. -..- _c_---::=- _e!!lec.£ ~s
prc~==";:'' e c= hu:ma:l r:=a~,,;.:: a:::: -:.::e e::'.rl.r::~e~,,;, a,,;,,;a:.::s AR;.-~s and
is c:s-= e= fec-:i "-Ie. '!::e sele~-:=~ re!:e~'1 c:ces r:c~, hc:v.e'T.te"'"
. - ,
sa-;--=" -'~e S-"''''u--'''''' -....--=",....---- f"",- --e"'--e"'- ""'~c;" - ...1
'--:;;-~ '-.. --- --'-! ~_:_--=_._= ....,.... '-- ---.. ..- ....-- .. :-,e~anen,-_y
and s:=~i=ica~~lv ~e~~=es t~e ==bili~v, tcx~C~~'l or volume c~
haza=~;~s su=s~a;ces as a p=:.::c~?al eie~en~, case~ c:: ~~e re~scns
disc~sse~ in Sec~~or. X:.~. c=:::~. Ac=i~ic~ally, ~~e selec~eci
re~e=y ~~ilizes al~=~~a~= t~=a~=ent ~=~~~cl=g~es C~ ~esou=ce
rec=~e=~. tec~~olcgies t: ~~e =axi:u= exten~ p=ac~ica~le.
..
A.
':'~e Selectee:.
E:=..Ji=on:ent
Re::ec:.y
~s Protective of H~a: Eealt~ and the
~~= selec~ec ===ecy ~il: pe==a~e~~ly r=~~ce t~e ~isks posed
-- t:~-an he.:ol--- a""d ---e e"""~""or:-e,..t f---. ""--"" C-~"";-uinC"
'-- .. ~..".. -- .--. "'.. ~.. . ..:.." ~- .-."... - """"- -....-. -:" "-7.. ..-
Sc~r=e Areas =y el~=:.~a,,;:r.g, re~uc~ng or con~r=~l:~g
ex~csures to h~an a.::= er.viron:er.~al rece~~::rs ~~rough
con~ain=ent a~c e~g~.::eeri~g con~rols. Excavat~=n of
se~iments wit~ ~er=~~i excee~ing ~~e cleanup geal, as
re~~ire~ by the selec~e~ re~edy, will pe~anen~ly and
significantly re~uce t~e risks to h~an heal~~ a~d the'
environment associa~ed with expcsure t~ contacinated
seci:ents in ~~e Con~in~ing Source Areas. In a~=ition, the
selected remedy will te~?orarily contrcl risks to human
health from River Areas through ins~it~ticnal controls.
As discussed above in Section IX, ~~e selected re~edy will
be protective of ecological receptors wi~hin the continuing
Scurce Areas. This cleanup level reduces merc~~! levels
accroximatelv to ccr.centrations of mercury four.c at
locations upgradien~ of the Si~e. The selecte~ clean-up
level is also below ~he ~eciian biological effects level (ER-
M) reported by NOAA in "The Pctential fcr Biolcgical Effects
cf Sediment-Sorbed Contaminants Tes~eci in ~~e National
Sta~us and Trends Pr=gra::t" (NOS OM.~ 52). This ER-M, t.~e
conta~inant level abcve which adverse effects to ecological
receptors are expec~eci, is 1.3 ppm for mercury in sediment.
!n addition, as disc~sse~ in Section IX, t~e cleanup goal of
1 p:m is protec~ive of human health for all accidental
incestion and de~al con~act ex:csure scenarios. This
cl;anuc level is ex=ec~eci to result in a hazarc index of
less than one for these scenarios in ~~e Continuing Source
Areas. Mcreover, by reciucing migraticn of conta=inated
sediments to the Sud=ury River, the selected re=edy is
ex~ected to prevent risks in the River Areas fr==
-------
-~
::.::
,'-"':0- -..", se'''''''-''''': ---c"':" c.;c:-"'s"- 0.= e.v."'.::!v"~=-"'-' --"-_",_-__of.:l__iS
-...:-- -~.- . ------. :=_._'-.: I . --~- '*-. - "-- ~- --.
~~=e~ ~~e ~=pe~ea~~e C~; wlll prc,~=e a ba==:e= agains~
e:<;=s~=s to c=n~a=i~a~s~ sedi=ents := ~C~~ hU=a~ a~d
===:=g:=al recs;~=~s. ?s=i=c~= Si~= v~sits a~c :a~nt=nance
h::: =e ~e==o~ed to e~s~=e t~e i~~e~=~tv 0: t~e oao and
. -- - . . . ~ - -' .
;. -;s e===~-=~veness J..~ t::-:.le!"l':~:::= ex=::s~=e to cCrl~a:': ""'ate"';
.. . .. ... . ... . . - . - -. .. -
se~~=e~~s. !n acc~t~cr., ~nst:tut~cr.al cont=ols will be
~--~Q~=--Q~ -~ C-='/e~- ~~- - - " '.~
7""'::---'''-:-''--- "''''', - --' ,.'- ---ivi_ies ,-~a': ;,;i_- cc!:pr::w~se ......e
~~~=g~~~y of ~~e ca;.
=:~ally, i~ple=e~tati::~ of t~e selecte~ re~ec.y will not pose
~~ac=e=ta=le shor':-te== =isks or o=oss-!:edia i==acts. Most
0.-: ,....,.::: c::; -e ...o.,..k TO; i' bc O'"'nc,'",..-...,.: ;.., ..,o...-.,.....s.; ,.:=....-; ", """~.:IS
- -...- --- #'I -~ w_-- - ...J 10080"-'-_- -.. .. ...I. -- --_...t"",.~--- ---- .
:~;le=e~tation of t~~s re=ec.y ~ay =es~lt in a slig~t
i~=~;ase in ex;cs~~= tc =e==~=y a~c o~~e~ conta~ina~ts for
wo=ke=s c.uring re=ed~a: ac~iv:~ies. Ec~ever, a~y short-te~
r:sks w:ll be mitiga~e~ :y re~~iri~g wc~ke~s t= Nea=
p=o~ective clot~i~g. !~ ac.c.ition, t~e breat~ing zone will
be wo~itcred anc. p=otection provic.ec. i= necessa~I. Dust is
root ex;ec~ec to be a pro=lem c.uring excavation 0= transport
0= sec.i=e~t; however, c=~trol ~eas~res suc~ as water sprays
will 'be kept availa=le in case roac.ways or ot~e= areas
becc~e too dry. For all re~edial ac~ivities ~~at include
sec.i~ent movement, an air monitoring program will be
i=:lementad durin~ t~e cerfor:ance of ~~e activities to
dete~ine risks to on-Site workers. Measures will be
utilized to li~it Do~ential air e~lssions from Site
preparation, excav~tion and c.isposal activities including
t~e following methoc.s: enclosure of work areas; e~ission
suppression techniqUes (e.g. foam, water spray); and,
ccntaince~t of excavated sedi:ents.
Shcrt-te~ risks would also be present for wildlife in and
around ~~e wetlanc.s during ~~e limited time ~~at Site
re~ediation and restoration would be recuired. However,
engineering controls would be chosen and implemented to
minimize downstream impacts resulting from excavation and
ot~er impacts on the wetlands, including the use of
sand=aqs, earthen dikes, silt curtains and sedimentation
basins.
The mitigative measures, described above, would,also serve
to Drevent unacceDta=le cross-~edia im:acts during
i=pieme~tation of-the selected remedy.- In ac.dition,
con~ainme~t of ~~e sedi~ents, as required by the selected
re=edy, would not result in cross-media impacts because
disposal under an imper=eable cap would prevent ~~e
transport of contaminants from sediments to air and surface
-------
C:"!
.--
E.
T~e Selecte~ R~ec7 Attai~s A..~s
.-
T~~s ~e~==y ~ill a~~a~~ all a;;licable c: =eleva~t a~~
a;;~=;~~at= =ac==al a~c s~a~= ==~~~=e=en~s. Fe~eral
e~J:==~=:~~a: laNs fr== ~~ic~ ;2~2_s f~= t=e selec~ed
re=e~~al ac~ion are der~,ed i~cl~de, but a-e nc~ l;~;-=~ -~.
- - -~-~-- ~~.
C'
Clea~ water Act (C~A)
Exe~~t~,e Or=er ~19a8 (:loc~?lai~ Ma~ageme~tJ
':"xo""'-~'Je O-~o'" l'ccO (';:)----"'-;0'" 0... We-' ..:I)
=.-.--'--~ ..-"":'-: _...., .:--'-7-""'-.. J. ,-_a.r:......s
:~s~ a~= Wllcl~fe Coor~~~at~on Act
Clea~ A~r Ac~ (C;-~)
National Historical Prese~~ation Act
?rc~ection cf Arc~aeolcgical Resources
E~ca~gered Species Act
Wil~ a~= Scenic Rivers Act
:e~era: Noise Centrol Ac~
S~ate envirc~en~al laws and regulations f=o~ whic~ A.~~s
fer t~e selec~ec remedial action are derived include, ~ut
a== net 2imi~ed t=:
Eazardo~s Waste Re~~lations
Surface Water Quality Stancards
Air Pollution Control Regulations
State I~p~e~entation Plans fo~ Partic~late Matter and
Volatile Organic Compounds
Wetlands Protection Act
Endangered and Threatened Species Regulations
Tables 7, S, and 9 provide a synopsis of all A-~~ and to be
c=r.sidere~ requi=e=ents for t~e selected remedy. A brief
narrative s~ary of ~~e major A.~ follows:
A.
Sediments
Hazar=ous Waste Manaaement Recuirements under RCRA
EPA has dete~ined that t~e hazardous waste management
'regulations, set fo~~ in Subtitle C of RCRA, including land
. disposal res~rictions (set forth in 40 CFR Part 268), are
not applioable to the selected remedy. In order for RCRA
re~ireme!1ts to 1:::e applicable to a CERCLA remedy, there must
be a finding ~~at (i) the remedy involves a waste which is a
listed or characteristic waste under RCRA; and (ii) the
waste was treated, stored, or disposed after the effective
dated of t~e RC~; require=ents at issue cr the remedy will
involve treat~ent, storage or disposal as defined under 40
-------
54
~~e sec~=e~~s in ~~e C=~~i~uing Sour== .~eas are nc~ lis~ec
"as-"'s "-C',Q- -("'"~:. b..- -;>'/ "'e C:"a ---~ -:~.- - .
.. - --..""" -- ~_.-.'. .... - ..._~ -. .. rac_=- _s '--- was -es. SaJ:l;u.es
c= sec~==n~s ~n ~~e C=n~~nu~ng Source A=eas were analvzed
"s';- -'-Q"""-'; i-.. C~ .....:, -Q""'."" L "......... ... - .
.... _..g '-.-- ,;" -x_c- - 7 ..a- _c --- ~s '-~c ea_..~nC' ':)-:::C"''''u.=es cur'"C'
CG III i~ves~iga~~or:.s. Several con-=a=.inan~~ - eX;;edec. -".
iliax~~u= cor.cen~ra~icr. for t~e Tcxici~7 C~a-ac~"'-~s~;c
Ec~ever, ~~ese was~as ~ere r:.ot dispcs~d of-in ~;; C;ntinuinc
Source ;~eas af~er t~e 1980 effec~ive date of R~~;. In -
a=di~icn, under ~~e selec~ed remedy, excava~ec seci~ents
will nc~ be trea~ed cr s~:::red before =urial in a cell of the
i=;e~ea=le cap cons~r~c~ed under OU:. Fur~~e~cre, EPA
has dete~ined ~~at excava~ion and burial under t~e OU r cap
c:::ns~it~~es consolidation of c:::ntami~an~s wit~in a single
area of con~a=inaticn and therefore is nct land dis~osal
under RC?~. Beca~se t~e selectec re=edy will no~ involve
treatmer.~, s~orage or disposal as defined by 40 C:R S260.l0,
t~e correspcnding RC?~ require~ents are not applicable to
t~e selec~ec remecy.
..
EPA has si~ila=ly deta~ined ~~at RC?~ generator.
re~~ire:ents are r.ot applicable. A hazardcus waste
generator, under 40 C:.R S260.10, is one, by site, who
produces a hazardous was~e or first causes the was~e to be
regulated as hazardous. The excavaticn of con~~L~ated
sediments from ~~e Continuing Source Areas will no~
"pr:::duce" a hazardous was~e nor will i~ subject the waste to
hazardous waste regulation since, as dis~~ssed above, the
selected re~edy will not involve treat:ent, storage or
disposal as defined by RCRA. .
ECwever, because certain RCRA regulat~ons address activities
sufficiently similar to those contempla~ed by ~~e selected
r~edy, EPA has dete~ined ~~at those R~~ require~ents are
relevant and accrocriate. The Commonweal~~ of Massachusetts
has been au~horlzed bv EPA to administer and enforce RCRA .
programs in lieu of t...~e federal authority. Compliance with
Massachusetts Hazardous Waste Regulations is discussed
below.
Massachusetts Hazardous Waste Recrulaticns
Based on the discussion of Federal R~~ requirements above,
EPA has determined ~~at Massachusetts Eazardous Waste
Regulaticns are not applicable to the selec~ed remedy.
However, because the regulations address ac~ivities
suf:icie~tly similar to those contempla~ed by the selected
re=edy, !PA has designated certain provisions of ~~e
-------
~~
.,
~~= S~=St2~~~Ve ==~~i~===~~s c~~:~g ~=;~===~~~~::~ c= ~~e
se:e~~e~ re=edy. 7~ese =e~~:=e=e~~s :~c:~=e, a==~~ c~~e=s,
--_..~-=""'Q""-- J:_- ----. -.=---- -...;;: -- - - ----- .:;... '* ...
-.~-::---"'-":-~ .:.....- ,:.=".e__--:-~ a~"-. ..._~..s:-c-:=-: c: uaza=::.cus
h~s_es anc =a~ag;=;~~ a~= t=c~~~ca~ s~a~=a==s ::= haza==cus
Nas~= =acili~ies a~~ la~==ills. These ~s~~~===e~~s a=; set
:=~~~ ~n va=ic~s s=~tio~s c: 30 C1R 30.000 ~ ~ a~= a=e
l~s~=~ in Ta=le 9.
\i
-.
-' ..:' .
=2.:::c(...;.=~a:.!"!s
a:-:= We"::la~cs
T~= =e~~la~ic~s ~~=er Se~~icn 404 c: ~~e C:ea~ Wa~e= Ac~
(r"."") 2..-.0 a"'-';c=--~o -- -~e se~Q"'-=": -=-Q":.. '--,-.:=,..
...,tr. --. ::-::--: ---- ,-...., 10........ -:--_-..-:- -:----.:..~ ...~---se
c=~S~~~c~lcn cr a~=ess r=acs w:l1 l~Vc~ve c~sc~a==e c:
c."-:,.;-o,.; 0.,.. ~:" -::-:"":a' ;"'.0 '" '.'a~:- O~ -'-: f~_'_';"; <:-""':s
---"::~- - ---- ------ - -.."- ~... --- - \-.....- \""i.._--- ----- .
!~ ad~~~icn, we~~a~=s res~ora~ion wil: i~vc:ve =a~k=~lling
t= ~~e ex~=~t ne~=ssa~y t= c~ea~= graci~g, eleva~icn a~c
d==~~age a~~=cac~:~g orig~nal ~a~~er~s a~d ~c se~;e as
s~=s~~a~e fc= re;:aceme~~ of vege~ati=n.
Reg~la~~ons p=c~~:ga~ed under t~e C~A re~~i=e ~~a~, before a
p=cjec~ whic~ invc17es a disc~a=;e of d=e~;e 0= fill
ma~erial into a we~lanc is undertaken, ~~ere must be an
analysis of the i=pac~ of suc~ a proje~ on ~he a~atic
er.vircr~ent, and a comparison to other prac~icable
al~ernatives (40 C~ Sec~ion 230.10(a)), In ~is case, EPA
cc=pared ~~e selec~ed re~edy to othe~ alte~atives which a~d
nc~ involve discharge cf fill material to wetlan~ a~eas-
E?A compare~ excava~icn (as calle~ fc= in the selec~ed
re:Ledy) to: (1) a "no-ac'tion" re:tedy; (2) a "li:lited action I'
re:edy (no action with institutional ccnt=cls); (3) capping
ccntaminated sedi=ents in the Easte=n Wetland; anc (4)
dive~inq surface water from ~~e Eastern Wetland to a
ccnst~c~e~ se~imentaticn basin.
E?A dete~ined tha~ none of the alte~atives to excavation
wculc be able to ac~ieve the overall pu=?cse of ~e project,
which is to attain clean-up levels protective of human and
enviror~ental receptors in the Continuing Scurce Areas,
wi~hout causing other significant adverse impac~s to the
environment, Specifically, t.i.e "no-ac~icn" anc nlimitea
ac~icn" re!:1e~ies wculd leave mercury in place and human and
environ=ental rece:tors would be at risk due to e~osu=e to
this cor.ta:tinant. -Thus, although the habitat wculd remain
intact, adverse environmental effects due to t.i.e presence of
me~cury woulc con~inue. Capping of the contamina~ed
se~i!nents in the Eastern Wetlanc: was fctl..-"ld to ~e ineffective'"
due to the proba=ili~y that a cap in a wetlanc area would
erc~e and the conta:inants woulc be re-e~csed. In
acdition, capping in place woulc resul~ in pe~anent less of
-------
c:~
.,0
~~'l~~~ 2.~ eve~ g=ea:e= 2.~?e=se i==ac: to ~e:la~~s a~=
-='"'--"':-1..::.;- -'- ~ -:.... '.-" -... . "".
- ----:----_..s 1....20.. .....e se~ec_e= =e=:ec.y. F:.::all v, =.:ve=S:'::1 of
=..._.:=,-=- .._-.:~ ~--- ~'"-- ":: -. ,..- W -~ -...; .. .... ....
---:~--- NC.:--- --_.~. _...: --Sl."e__a e:-_a.... '-= a c=::s-:~":c-=e~
5a=~==~~a~~c~ bas=~, a:~~cu~~ i~ wc~'d re~~co sc~ow'.~a- -~e
. . - - - - - -- - 10. --.
=:g=;:~c~ c: ~e==~~; :: :~e Suc;u~; R've- wcu'c cnlv
-.;-.;- ,,~ -.0,.;... Q _.:-. -- ~- ~_. - -:'. - .--
-..-..__a_-! - ---c- .- -$.-: ...... ht:.....an hea.:.....:. ar:c: tne e~..rl.r=r"~Q-"
. -_.....-
=sca~se ex;csure t= ~~= c=n~amina~ed sed~~e~ts and sur=ace
.,.;2':==- a=c.J= cr::-::ec-:.i"'",.e lst/els wou' =. c=nt.; -..u= -I.."" C,...,....,.,..... in
.. - -- - - "'-"-....- ... -
2.==~:~c::, =ec~use c: S~:e res:=ic:~o::s, t~e cr.:v availa=le
"""c=-;"'- -- C-,..,s--,,.- .: c:.=,.;;.... ... -~"""' ...... .;_.. ~ ......
-- - --"..d. 1..,-, -.. -- --- - ----...e~...a___:-:. ......as.:.... ~s ~:! a w.e-=_anc::.
a-.=.= "",",I!!!!!....~.;:""",...::. ~....~- a~-e""-a-;ve "c",,,;,,, .'-' 1 -
---. ...'1;;---'---, ----.::= -'- -."" '-- oN '-_\06 _es~~- l.:l cng-_=.:-::
less of "e-1 a""c j.,;>"",--- "';"e""e""v ""-v':_g 20- eve- c: .
" ": --.. -----';'.-'::'_'" 1.... :- ..J. ..c. ..... .. .. .=ea~e=
a:ve=se ~=;ac: to we~:a~:s t~an t~e selec~ed re=edy.
=::a",,-."': cr: t'-o f:J"""''-''''-C: a"";>lvs;s -:-::~ has c--c"'c."e"'; t....,.-
---<::- : u_- -:'?-_u. u- ~ -.f -.':.,. ..... -- - u<;;....
e:~ca ","a :~or: c = se-:.l.::er::s c:::m:a!:l.l:la :ec. wl. t." merc:;=y above the
:=c/%: clear:uo level f:llcwed ~v we~lanc restc=a:icr. is t~e
C-1'." a.'-"'''''-a'''~ve "'''''a- ..", bo P;'''''-'''''''-;'I'e C.. 'n.""';>- 20-...;
..-,: -"---.... -- "-.4 - N__- - --"'----- - -...--.. .......
e~vi==n=ental recep~=~s Nhile mini=izing adverse effec=s on
we~la~cs ha~~tat. Ac=:==ingly, EPA has ce~e=mi:1ed tha:
t~e=e a=e r.o o~he= p=ac~~cable alte~atives whic~ woulc have
less acve=se i!:lpac~ cr. t~e a~atic ecosyste~ ~~a!": the'
i~pac:s of the selected =emeciy.
The selected remedy alsc satis~ies ~~e substantive
requ~=e~en~s of 40 CFR 230.10(b). ~itiga~ion techniques
such as silt curtains will be used so that the action will
not cause or cont=ibu~e to the violation o~ a state wate=
~~al~ty stancard; the action will not violate toxic effluent
s:anciards under the Clean Water Act; and ~~e action will not
jeopa=dize ~~e continued existence 0= c=itical habitat cf
s;ec~es listed in the Encanqe=ed Species Ac~. In addit~on,
consistent wi~~ 40 CFR Section 230.10(c), the selected
remedy will not cause or cont=ibute to sicnificant
degradation o~ ~~e wa~e=s of ~~e United States.
Specifically, any disc~ar;es of wastewater will be monitored
and t=eated, if necessary, to ensure that they will not have
a sig~ificant, lor.q-te~ adverse effect on (i) h~an heal~~
or welfare, (ii)a~~atic life and c~~er wildlife, (iii)
ecosyste~ diversity, productivity and stability and (iv)
rec=eational,.aes~hetic and economic values. Finally, the
selec:ed re:edy will mini~ize adverse impacts to the aquatic
eccsvste~ i~ accor:ance with 40 CFR Secticn 230.10(d), =y
c=ea~ing sedimentaticn basins and by restoring ~~e wetl~~ds,
to t~e exte~t feasible.
I~ ac:ition, the policies expressec in Executive Orders
rega=:ing wetlands and floodplains were taken into acco~~t
i:1 t~e selected re!:ledy. As described above, the re~edy will
-------
57
.
==~~a=a~ic~ c: we~:an=s .- accc==ance w~~~ !xec~~:ve C==er
--~~~. I~ a==itic~, t~e ===e=7 will i~cl~=e s~e;s te =ed~ce
~~= ~:sk c: ::ccd;:ai~ less, i~=~ud:~~ ~~e cis~r:=u~ien of
~~.. ---Q~~_. i~ t~Q =a~---~ Wc-1a~~ -- r-:~-e - ..
-:-- ....:-----=-: .... 0--- - --=-.: --- ".'7' :-- -:--:-'-- g_ac.:..r:gl
=-=.la~:..en a~= dral.~as-e censl.S~=~~ w:..~::. c=:..g:..nal pa::::er:o:s, in
a=cc~=ance wi~h Executive O~=er 1198a.
\{
~:~~:l~, t~e su=sta~tive re~~ire=en~s cf Massac~usetts
~e~~a~=s P==~=c~ic~ Reg~la~ions c=nce~~i~g c=e~gi~g,
::lli~g, al::=rins- c~ pclluting i~land we~:ands are
a;;:ica=le ~: the d=edgi~g cf ~~e C=~~i~~~~g Sc~==e A~eas.
7~sse s~anda==s se~ perfcr=ance standar=s fer =anks,
v=~e~a::ed we~lands, lands under water, a~= land s~bject t=
::=c=~~g. C~=ing ~eme~ial des~g~, E?~ w~ll de~e~ine whic~
c: ~~=5e res=~=ce a=eas ~~ll be i~pac~=c c~~ing r=~ecial
a=~i=~. T~e selec~=d re=e~y will c=~~ly ~i~~ t~e
;;=::~a~c= s~anca==s for each such =esc~~=e a~aa an= will
a-~-~ C-~e~ -~;ngs ;n"o"'= a O-=-~c~-onQ r=~l;ca-'on O~ ~"y
. ....:..-:: .. :-...1 - '--.-... I o....~. 0 - ~ - ...- - -. .- -;:- - - '-.. 0 .. ~..
~y=~a~~~c ca;ac~~y wn~c~ ~s los~ as t::.e ~es~lt or th~s pa~
cf t~e remedial actions.
I:: is anticipated t~at the selec~ed remedy will require a
variance fr== selected re~~i~e:ents c~ntained in t~e
Massach~setts Wetland P~ot=ction Regulations because, at a .
~ini~UQ, it will result in the te~pora=y less of more ~~an
5000 s~~are feet of bor=e~ing vega~ated wet~ands. The
selecte~ remedy satisfies ~~e substan~ive requirements for a
variance (310 CMR 10.5S). As a condi~icn for satisfying t~e
s~stantive requirements for this variance, three sensitive
e~demic species shall be used to monitor for successful
restoration.
Because the Continuing Source
extent of contamination, they
Si~e, and EPA is not required
ac":ivities.
Areas are wi~~in ~~e area~
are considered pa~ of t~e
to obtain pe~its for wetland
C.
Surface Water
Ce~ain regulations under t~e ~~A are applicable to t~e
cisc~ar~e of treated waters to any of ~~e surface waters on-
Si":e. in implementing the selec~ed re:edy, any wastewater
cisc~arges will be monitored and will co~?ly with water
quality standards in accor:anee wit~ t~e National Pollution
Disc~arge Elimination System ~N?DES), 40 CFR 122, 125.
F.cNever, unde~ Section 121(e) of CERCLA, no pe~it is
re~~i~ed unde~ the N?DES p~og~a~ for t~ese discharges,
-------
- -
--
-...
=e~a~se ~~= eff:~e~~ f==~ -~Q --=~-~e~- ~=~;1;-~QS (
. .. . . '-u - '- - - - 1..... -. - - - - - - - I.. - - e . g.
c:e:'4"a-:a::-.:.::g; "~.:.l: l':e d~s=::a==ed c.:.:-sc-=2.-J' :.::-:: a s~_":=cQ w-a~o_""-
.... -. .. - ., - - -- - -
c: ~~e C~~~=~ S~a~=s a~ a ~c:~~ c=~si~=~=~ ;a~~ c: tbe
C~~~~; Si~e. -
-
A~'i<:C are ce'/,elcped ~nce:- t::.e Cii;'. as g..:.:.=-eli::.es fr:::w whic~
S~a~es ceve::'cp ...-ater q-...:.ali-=y s-:a::.o.ar::s. :-!assac::.:.:setts
~~--="'Co Wa-="" Q,."" ~-v ~-"',.,,..;,..-..;s '"'~ve ....eQ~ "';-',' . .
- - - - - --- '---.;. -- - --H""...- - ..."" - -.. ....: e_cce~ us.:.::.g
t~Q ~c~e-~~ C-~-Q~~~ ~~~ ~-Q a~-1~~ ~~- -- ... -~. - ,
..- --- --- ...-1..--...- '""..- ""-- ---_--a__= '-- c,:,s......a--es t'"' a ,
- .. ... . .. ... .. - ., ---
s~r=ace "'-a~er ~cc':'es. ThesE S-:ate s-:a::.::ar~s catecorize
c::.."""=.=c~ "._-~""s C-= -""e C-~....._,...... ::a':'-~ --.......;.:_......~ -..
-'-- - - '" "'c:. --- - I... .........,--.."e_- -.. ac__- -_..g ...c I....e.:.r u.ses
a::.= set wa~er ~ali~~ c:-iter:a necessar? -:::: sustai::. suc~
ces:=~ated :.:ses. T::.~ S~cbur/' River has-=ee~ desi~~ate=--a
~ - ~
Class B river fe:- cretec-:ic::. a::.c: crecacatien of fish, c-:::.er
a~'~-;c ,~-== "'''''c' ...;;,..;, ::", as "e11 =s- ;-- C"'-e"" ...."'~-"''''t~c~=l
"":---- ---- ... 't'f_------, W -- --. --- '-... - ------ - "'.18i8.
pu=;cses. In i~;le~en~ing t~e selec~e~ =e~edy, cischa=ge
li=~~s will be calc..:.la~ec: by usi~g t~ese ~a~er ~~ality
s-:a::.c:ar=s. In ac:~i~ic~, whcle efflue::.~ -:exicity li~its wiLl
be used t~ set c:isc::.ar;e li=its which are pretec~ive fcr
c..:.=ulative effec-:s fro= mu.ltiple cor:ta=i~an-:s a::.c: for ~~cse
c=nta~ina~~s fer which there are nc cr:.teria. B~cause ~~e
effluent frem dewatering activities will =e dise::.arged te an
on-Site surface water body, no pe~it is re~ired.
-'
Mcreover, ~~e water quality standards for mercury are
currently exceec:ed in the Easte~'Wetland and Outfall Creek.
I~plementation of ~~e selected remedy, which calls for ~~e
excavation of sedi~ents exceeding 1 mg/kg mercur£, is
e~ected to result in a decrease in surface water mercu=v
levels belcw the levels established under the water aualltv
standarc:s as necessary to sustai~ a Class B river. - -
D.
Air
National ~~~ient Air Quality Standards for particulate
matter and volatile organic compounds under the Clean Air
Act are ~~s and will be attained during construction
phases. The Massachusetts State Imple~entation Plans (SIPs)
contain the specific requirements designed to ensure ~~at
these standards are met.
The SIP for Particulate Matter requires ~~at any
const=uction shall not be allowed to cause "excessive
emissions" of particulate matter and specifies measures
which can be taken to centro 1 such emissions. Dispersal of. ..
dust will be controlled under the selected remedy by
spraying of roads and excavated sedi~ents and soils- In
addition, at the completion of Site re~ediation, disturbed
areas will be revegetated.
-------
59
v
7~: s:? === E~iss:=~s 0: Volati:: O=;a~ic Co=;o~~~s (VCCs)
is =e:eva~~ a~~ a~~=o;r~ate to ~~e se:ec~ed re=e~y s~~ce
S~=e ICCs ~ave te~~ ce~ec~ed i~ ~~e s=~i=e~~s te =e
exea':a ~e~. The s:? re~..lires t.~a..:: all sources e=i ~~~~c 100
t=~s c= =ore of V:Cs mus~ instal: Reasc~a=lv AVa:~=~~~
.. - . ... . ------
c:::::==~ '';' sc=:::olc=-t. VOCs c=nt::-:..=~t= 7;.:: czone :--C,-."--'; 0-
-- .. -- -"'--- ...
=eca~se ~~e Site is located in a~ ozo~e non-at~ai~e~t area
-'-.: :=,...:_- ""'~s c,'"c-.=,...-,i"'e"; ..-.~t ~- ;s --.....-....."""'......: ...... ' '
~-.- ...--:-_.. ..;.~ ------... - ,--",.... -- - c::.:,:-,--~_~a,-= '-= con~=ol
VCC e=iss~ons, eve~ if they de r.=~ exceed t~e thres~old
a-"""-- S-- ~o-... :- -"-e S~':) l'n ---""'......:"'... .'..... - . i
."-'-..- c-.:.. ..'-.. _'0 ...~- --, . c::._-"",----..ce wl..... :te~:.cna-
~=_:C:. ~~e~efc~=, air e~issic~s will be ~c~~~===~ a~d, if
necessa~f, =easures ~ill be taken to control e=issions i~
ac====ance with Reasonably Available Centrol Technolcgy.
."
C-:::.e= I.a'""s
- .
T~e selec~e~ re~e=: will co~ply with ce~ain ot~e= laws and
re~~la~i=ns, alth=ugh s~rictly s;eaking, they are ~e~ ~~-~
because they are ~ot environmental laws or relate t~ eff-
Si~e acti'lities. These laws inclu~e, but are ne~ li=ited
to: t~e Cc=~pati=nal Healt~ and Safety Act, 29 use 631 ~
se~.i De:a~:ent e: Trans~ortatic~ Hazardous Material
Trans;o~ation Ac~ regulations, 4S CF? 171-179, 3Sii
Massac~usatts Re~~irements for T=anspc~ars of Eazar:cus
Was~e, 30 ~ 30.400i and Massac~usetts Right to ~.ow
Re~~irements, 105 ~ 670.00, 310 C~ 33.00, and 434 ~
21.00.
c.
The Selec~eQ Remecial Action is Cost-Effective
The selected remedy is effective. It provi~es for excavation of
mer=~=y-conta~inated sediments exceedi~g 1 mg/kg in the
Continuing Source Areas, a level that is protective of bo~~ h~an
and ec:;,loqical receptors in these areas. The excavated sediments
will be ~is:osed of under the imDe~eable ca: constructed under
OU I. Periodic Site visits and maintenance will be perfo~ed to
ensure t~e integrity of the cap and its effectiveness in
preventing exposure to c:;,ntaminated sed~ents. As discussed in
Section IX.C.l, above, ~~e long-term effectiveness and pe~anence
afforded by ~~e selected remedy is ,equivalent to ~~at afforded by
~~e other 'A' alternatives.
..
In c~mpa=iscn to ~~e o~~er 'A' alternatives, the selected remedy
is the least costly, with a present werth cost of $20,419,000.
In contrast, present werth costs of o~~er action alternatives
range from $24,593,000 to $47,799,000. As stated in Section
IX.C.5, it should be noted that the Oceration and Maintenance
costs for these alternatives assume 30 Years of Ooeratio~ and
Maintena~ce es~i~ated at approximately 6.S to 7.3-million dellars
-------
60
. . .
"'--,,~--
-..-----
==-:':'".I":.-:.:.es
S..,..:..
--..
as =~~~al =::~.:.~=~:~;
a~= i~s~~~uti~~al
C::::-:-:==:'5 :::= ~:::e S~:i=:.:=-.:' ~':"..e~. E::',"e'ie~, =eca:.:se i::T,es-:i.C'a-=icn
..-"':c- ""'7- --~ ...: ~, ..e ...e-----~ -- .._-=.-_..... ...: -:- -~ wi
'-..--- -- ~. "'--- - ~ --"-'--=-- c_....c_--_..._~! "'----.. ........e
i~=ls==~~a~~=~ c: ~~e C~ r:z =e~e~" ~=~~~=~~~= o~ ~"Q R~vc- .w.~"
.. - - - ---- - -- ---
I-.c c:--..;,.,..--,..; -- ---- C.:: -I-. c::- C" ~e. '-..- -~---~ - e e'. .
-:- ~..._--:---=- c.~ .:-:::.- - - ,-...e_= . ~ .., .1..'t/cS'--,:c:.--ons. ~n ac.:::'':''-:1.cn,
~~S-::~~-::c::al cc::-:~cls a~e a:: ~nte~:~ re=edy c~ly, pe::dinC' ~e OU
--'j ,...:-,:,..:.. .....,:,-; .;.-- '1"''"--,..:..: -.= t'J..- - - _.:: -...-, .. - .. .-
.!.,.--:"--!,"'-";"':~--'" ---=--_c:--, ..: c_s~ '-'... '-ue se~ec-ec re:edy
~:~l =e s:;:::=:ca~-:ly less -:~a:: $2S,419,CCO. Eased c:: t~e
disc~ss:.cn a=cve, ~::e sele=-:ed ~e=edy is ccs-:-e::ec~ive.
-
D.
~=e Selec-=ec Re:ecy Uti:izes Pe==a~e=t Solutic:s aDd
~:ter:ative ~reat:ent or Resource Receve=-: Tec~~ologies to
-:=e M~~i:~ Extent prac-=icable
T::e se:ec-:ed re~edy prevides -:::e bes~ bala::ce c: t~ade-cffs a~ong
~:::e a:-:e~::a-:ives. The selec-:ed re~e~y will =e pro~ec-:ive of
h~~an heal~~ and ~::e environ=ent in the Continuing Scurce Areas
by red:.:ci::g conta=inant levels tc :eet cleanup levels and will
mee~ ;~-~~s. Excavation, dewa~ering an:i dis~csal of sedi~ents
unde~ ~::e existing cap will provide effec-:ive lcng-te~
protec~ion in the Conti~uing Source Areas wit~out unacceptable
short-te~ impacts and at less cost that Alternatives 3A and -4A.
Further:ore, of all t~e 'A' alternatives, t~e selec~ed re~edy
will ~e ~~e mcst easily imple~ented as it would not require use
0: soecialized units and wculd not reC'Uire additional land or
avaiia=ility of ~~stantial o:f-Site disposal capacity.
The place~ent'of excavated sediment under the cap will not
decrease the mobility, toxici~y or volu:e of contaminated
rnate~ials t~rough treat:ent, but will neve=t~eless sig~ificantly
reduce the mobility of hazar~ous su=stances t~rough engineering
controls by containing t~e contamination under an impe~eable
cap. Although Alternative 3A would pe~anently reduce the volume
of con-=aminated sediments ~~rouC'h treat:ent, this treatment would
result in a smaller volume of more highly toxic material
requiring off-Site transport and disposal due to the inability to
destroy metals ~~==uqh t=ea~ent. Similarly, Alternative 4A,
while reducing mobility and tcxicity of the contaminated
sediments, would result in greater volume of material requiring
off-S1-=e transoort and dlsoosal. Therefore, the t~eat~ent
alternatives do net provid~ any significant benefit over the
contai~ent remedy.
-------
6:
E.
:=e 5e:ec~ec Re:ecy is P=i:a=ily a C=~~ai~e~~ Re:ecy, a~c
::es Nc~ Use :=ea~=e~t as a ?=i~ci;al Ele:e~t to Pe~ane~tly
a~c 5i;~i=ica:~ly Recuce the Toxicity, ~o=ility c= Vo1u:e of
~=e Eaza=:ous Substa~ces
."
c'
T~e ;=:~c:;al t~=ea~s cf t~e Nya~za Site we=e a~~=esse~ t~r:~gh
the ::=s~ a~= scc=~= OGs, ~~ic~ i~cluced s~~==e c=n~~=l
cc=;c~e~~s === on-Si~e seils, se~:me~~s a~~ slu~ges a~d
rna~a===e~~ c: ~i~~a~icn c===onen~s fer ~~c~~ci~a~;~ co~~a=;n~t~o~
.. - - .. - 1108. - ..,
a"'~ ...~--..,..... ...O_Q vao'~- r=-""va' ac-~cn i.- w'''i...... '" """':c- -
... --:- -'-"':". "-...-. ~- -. . -:._- - -~ " -:-". J.~---.. -. "'-J - scurce c=
gr=~~=~a~a= c=~~a=:~a~~c~ ~as ex=ava~=~ a~c pe~a~e~tly cest=oyed
usi~g i~c:~e=atio~ tech~clegy. I=;le~e~~a~ien cf t~e ou III
re=e~y is ns~essa=y to a==~ess t~=eats ~o h~a~ a~c ec~lcgic~l
recep~=~5 a~ ~~e C=~~in~i~g Sour=e A=aas, t= eli=i~at= re~aining
scu==es c: ~e==~~~ c=nta=i~a~ion ~o t~e Suc=~~l Rive~ anc to
ens~=e a Si~=-~ide ==~e~y t~at is prc~ec~ive c: ~u=an health an~
the e~v~==n==~t.
The se:ec~e~ re~edy is ~ri=a=ily a contain=e~t re~e~y a~d does
net sa~isfy t~e preference fer t=eat:ent as a p=incipal ele~ent.
However, civen the relatively low levels of merc~rv detec~ed in
the Ce~~inui~c Sou==e Areas as cc=~ared to levels alreacv beneat~.
. - .
the ca:, t~e fact t~at a ca~ was selec~ed as t~e accrocriate
re~edY-for merc~ry-c:nta~inated seils, sed~er.ts and siudges
under t~e first OU, and t~e fact tbat ~~ere is currently no
dest=uc~ive. tec=nol:gy for metals, EPA has dete~ined ~~at
contai~~ent of the c:nta~inated sediments in ~~e Continuing
Source Areas is preferable to treatment. Moreover, ~~e overall
res~onse at ~~e Site is consistent with ~~e NCP :reference for
treating principal ~~=eats and containing low-~~=eat material set
fort~ in Sec~ion 300.430(a) (1) (iii) of ~~e NCP.
XII. DCC~.E~~TION OF SIGNI~ICABT CSANGES
EPA presente~ a Proposec Plan (prefer=ed alte~ative) for
remediation of t~e Site on December 31, 1992. In s~ary, the
prefe==ed alternative, as described in the Proposed Plan,
consisted of excavation of contaminated sediments fr:m the
Continuing Source A=eas to a cleanup level of 1 mg/kg of mercury;
dewatering of the excavated sediment; disposal of the excavated
material under the ou I cae; restoration of im:acted wetland
areas; institutional controls and annual monitoring for River
areas; anc creation of au IV to conduct additional studies of the
Sudbury River.
"
The selected re~edy is the sa~e as the preferred alternative with
the exception of the annual monitoring of the Sudbury River. EPA
dete==i~e~ tha~ monitoring 0: the Rive= woulc be conducted under
-------
62
OU II! re=e~y. Therefore, it is not a pa~ of the selec~e~
re=e~y f=r O~ III. In additie~, EPA deter:ine~ tha~ the
i=ple=e~~ati=r. of insti~~~ional controls (e.g. sign ~ain~enanee
and 'p~lic awareness activities) do not censtitute Cperation -and
Mainter.ance fer this re=e~v bu~, ra~~er, are an interim remedy
for the River ~~at will be-conducted un~il such time as a final
remedy is selec~ed for ~~e River.
XIII., STAT~ ROLZ
The DE? has reviewed the varie~s alternatives and has indicated
i~s s~pport for the selec~ed re=edy. The State has also reviewe~
the Re=edial Investigaticn, Risk Assess~ent and Feasibility Study
to deter:ine if the selec~ed re=edy is in compliance with
a~clicable or relevant and accrocriate State er.viror~ental laws
and re~~lations. The Co~onwealth of Massachusetts concurs with
the selected re=edy for OU III at ~~e Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump
Superf~~d Site. A copy of ~~e declaration of concurrence is
-------
.:'
v
"
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Fi .
Nvanza 'lure J
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TABLE 1.:
S~.A..~y OP CONT~'lTS C? CONC:E:R.."1
ORGANICS
5"-=~.:.~e~-:
Su::.-:"'ace Wa'te!"
."
"i:..::yl c;:l==:.==
l,l-D~c~lo!"=e~~ene
1,2-D~c~lor=ethene
T::.-ic::loroet::ene
1,4-Dic::lor=~enzene
1,2-Dic~lor=benzene
Eis(2-e~~YlheXYl)ph~~alate
:/2-Jic~lo~=e~~ene
\:
:'::'-:,c::lc:::-oet::e::e
=e~ze~e
C::lor=.i:::enze~e
:,J-D:c::lor=.i:::e~zene
:,4-Dic~lor==enzene
:,2-D:c~lor==e~zene
:[ i -====enzene
l,2,4-7ric:::cr==enzene
:la::ht~alene
2-Me~hyl na::h~halene
;'.cenaph -:~al ene
?::e!1ant~~ene
:1.uorantb.ene
?yrene
:enzo(a)anth::.-acene
c:tZ""'j'sene
~is(2-ethYlheXYl)phthalate
Eenzo(b)flucrcathene
Senzo(k)fluoranthene
Senzo(a)pyrene
!ncenO(l,2,J-c:)pyr~~e
Dibenz(a,h)an~~racene
:enzo(q,h,i)pe=Ylene
ODD
DDT
Arochlor.l2S<;
M=nome~~yl mercury
Dimethyl merc~=y
\~
6i
Fish
Methylene chlorice
Acetone
Phenol .
4-Met.~yl phencl
Nitrobenzene
Eis(2-e~~YlheXYl)Phtha:
DielC::.-in
4,4 DDE
4,4 ODD
Heptac::.lor
Aldrin
Total PCBs
Total E~cosulfan
Total Chlordane
-------
T"-B LE 2:
S~.ARY OF CONT~S OF C::::NC~R."l
nrORG;.NICS
Se'ii.::::!'!'t
St:=-::~ce
~..".l'~i=c::y
Arse::ic
Bariu:
Beryllium
Cac:mit.U1
Chroaiu:I1
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Lead
Mangax:ese
Mercu::y
Nickel
Seleniw:
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
(II! )
Arsenic
Eariu::t
Ber"jlliu=
Cad:niw:l
C~=omiu:::
Copper
Lead
Manganese
Mercuri
Nickel
Silver
Vanadiu=:
Zinc
\ole ": e::-
:ish
;......,tbc::y
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Cact:iu:::
C:rcmiu=:.
Ccpper
Lead
Manganese
Merc~r.l
Nickel
Seleniu:
Silver
T~alliu=:.
Vanadiu=.
'Zinc
-------
Table J
OUMMAnV Of mOK nEOUI.TS
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'l.'ablo 3
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TAble 3
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Table 3
IUIIIIAIIV 0' "'I. IIEIUI.'.
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PAOE. .
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IUWWAIIY of !III. REIUln
HUNZA Ora:IIAUIE UHII a
PAGE I
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Table 3
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PAGE 1
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TAble J
IU....AIIY 0' III.. REIUln
NVANlA orENAD'f "fI" a
PAGE 1
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Table J
IUWWAIIY f)' ftll. IIEIUlIl
NVANlA O'&:ItAIUE UNII a
'AGE 1
"ARA'!",", .
:. "
. -. .
':~' i;.:.;::j~:/~\i.':i/J.;:;~ii
L .' ,. .,L...k..JH\zt..."l
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C;8I101QI..HIUli'
IlIlIrJliNIOIIi.
u- PlClIlOADNHII18
u-oc..
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lL4t'1ITUIUHE'
t'l1f!t1"
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CAI&lIIt.4'
CUll) 10111."
ItAlr
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1II"'1i fII'IIIIU'
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IEIIII:III
111&1 UIIQlotmlAH1
ACE 10111
"'II'
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ACEIIArnmlHII
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f IlKlRAHIl 11.11
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. ,', lIlt '''".,,' ~ I ~: Pi 't...:::. .~:H~r.i'li'bt.l;:I!I.< \'3." t fI :::~':;I:.:,. .~).~ :" c~llIn,,:~.:.:'. ....'.;..l!ll!Lt!.' '.,: < ':.,: I:IIN',:' IIU''''
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ID8.OG IOI.OG 1111.00 1111.00 loe.OO 001100 00li.00 001100 lOElGO 00«:100 OOEtoo 00«:100 00E100 00li.00 DoE 100 OoEtDO
411-113 "E-III 'DE.oo 1118 . 011 '"-11 all-1I3 001:.00 .DE.OII IIE-OI HE -01 OOElOO oO«:tOO 1 if -01 HE - 01 DllEtDO OllEtOO
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III-D. aDE-o. aDE-08 '.JE-OO 1 IE-OJ lae-OI IDE-OO HE - 00 UE -01 a IE - 01 14E-0
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Table]
IU''''AW 0' "I. .nun.
HVANlA O,fftAUU! UNIT a
,"OEIO
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Tablo J
IU..IIARV' OP RII. HEIun.
HYAHlA orERABIE U"'J a
rAGE II
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Titbla 3
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-------
TABU 4
CONTA.~INANTS OF C=NC~~
INORG~ICS A.~ ORG~CS
ECOLOGICAL RISA ASS!SS~~~
~e~::":':e:-:':
Su.rface Water
Aluminc.::
c.'1romiU:1
Copper
Lead
Me:-cury
Silver
Zinc
;=;'--::a
---"--
;..: ~:::.::::.:::
.:'.=se!':.:.~
Cac::::.u:::
C~=:::::.:. ''':=
C::f:::e=
Laad
'.He. ....-..,....
.._-'---.:
"'r~ -~""~~
.'t_w..--
Sale~~~=
Zi.::c
4,~/_:;CD
..:. ~/_~f'"'=
.,. ---
~,4'-~CT
Bis(2-e~'1ylhexyl)~h~'1alate
~,~'-DDD
4,~'-DD':'
A==clor 1254
A:oclor 1260
C~~orda..~e
Dieldrin
Methyl:ne::-::ury
Ace~a?ht~als!":e
;'.ce~aph't:~ale::e
.~.n'::J.:-ace!'1e
Ee!'1zc(a)an~~acene
Ee!'1zo(a)pyrene
Eenzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzc(g,h,i)pe~Ilene
Be!'1zo(k)fluc=a~thene
Bis(2-ethyL~erIl)phthalate
C1'lrysene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,h) anthracene
Di-n-butylph~~alate
Fluoranthene
Indeno(l,2,3-c:)pyrene
Methyl!:!ercury
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
pyrene
'.
-------
Table 5
SUiJUnUy of Remedial
NYl10za Oper,:,ble
Alternatives
Unit 3
m
"
SUMMARY 01 COMPnNfN'S
At" IINA flVf Jl(MIP'A' COMPOfllNfi "")\. 1111'0\11111/1
IfffCIIVfNUS 1M'" fMrtllAIIIIIIY f/)\ 1
-
I 81VI/I /ltl~ill~I'
. 81o ICilon , Po" nOlllhltvl "lIIldll'I'I'o" ohl''''ve. . N"I~""lIul.l. . IIlIlIe
Monllo"ng II.U.. 011 P',v'oully 'IIIUII.d 'nllllllllolll'
. (Onl,ol&, m"intll'"ml 0' lonlloll, .nll
101ll"II.nu 01 the ~Inllli f""II'
. DOlI nOI,,&lul,,1t 1 ""'" '0' I f IIUV Implemlnllhll , . Ow U,IIIII
docuRl.n"IIO londlt Ont . ow () & M
COfHlH!/ltlfi u!Ul!n~nl!'
.
I 810 'Cllon , Po" nOlllh',vl IIm.dl.. "lion Ohl,(lIv,. , "oll""lIcIII'. , Non. Relaille,l
R.II" 011 p,ev'ollllV 1111..11.11 1111111111 0".'
(Onl,olt, mllnl.olm. 0' (onl,oll, '/111
(olll,.lIln(l 0' ""I.n"., fulIlI'
I Monllo,'ng , f)o'l not """'"" 1""'11 10, I h.lly'm,II.III.IIIOIhl. , low, ',IiI.1
IIO(llIll.nl'"u ,oneill 0111 'Ow (II M
) 81\l(ft
I 810 II lion , PO'I nOI Ichlev. IIm.clll' 1111011 ohlecllve. . NO'""I'lIullle 8 IIolle Rt"IJin."
11,11.. oll",evIOIlI,.,'"IIOI"ecll"llihll 011"
co,,"olI, n,.inlell''''1 0' fO"lIo", .11"
8 Monl.o,IIIO (olll"lil"U 0' "" ~811".' ruhllc
. "0""01 Ild"(I,.. 1'11"" '0. . hIlly '01"'1"'1"'"1111 , , ow ..,.iI.'
clO(UIII./lIIII" (on"l1 on. 10w()&M
' '"II"ullonl' (onllo', , No C'Olll Ilon.o wlldll'e, 'hlng..'n publl( . fendnr It no"m~'..n.n'"h'. '0' Inll"
"10'"11111 publi( IWI"/lI") pol (" "'I" IIdllll '''"lIv,,,,.. _. IIlvII, IUIII..II' ..!.Ii, AWI't"," PIUU'lm , R.'.lIv.ly 'ow
n,"" ,,,,,,111"'''11101.
mtfJItf!!IU!j.Umnn~III!'
. "0 1"lon , Po" nol ""Itv, "mlll"'lrtlon ohl.(lIvl. , "01IP/1Ilulol. . /1011' Reloin,"
11.11.. 011 p'.vlou,/~ 11111.111111111111111 0/1.1'
COllllolI, "..inll/l"'" 01 1001101&,11111
(olll/,'il"" 0' II.. ~,"..~II"lhll( filII" 'mpl.menlahl.
8 Moollo.ln!) I (10""01 ''''II".h I tilt'" '0' , , 'ow ul'h.,
dOClIIII.IIIIIIO ,0n,1I1 0'" 'ow fI & M
. 'nlllllllionl' (onl,oll . "011/0111 lilI/' 10 willi"'., (hino" '0 ('I/hll( . 'I",'np, .10/11 anll Pllhll( AWI"n," . /I,'.,lvII., 'ow
lI.nelny, "11'" Illd fllIlIlI, flol C" nil" ralluCI.llllllv.1I11I P'OO'lnI ullir 1III,II'"IIIII"hl.
-------
Ie': \
C '
. c. '
"
Table 5
Summary of Remedial Alternatives
Nvanza Operable Unit 3
SUMMARY Of COMPONEN'S
AI UIIN"flVI "'MII'II"I COMPONfNU 1111'11 Oll'mlllllll
ffffCJ,vfNfSS 1MI" IMINIAIIIIIIY (11\1
..-- -_.. -_n..._- --_.. ,-,
~ 111':'(1\
. \.dim.ol Covtl . 1000'1"01 elf
-------
.--.... .J
Summary of Remedial Alternatives
Hvanza Operable Unit )
m
".
SUMMARY 0, COMPOtIltUS
Al If ''''''' flVI IIIMIPIAI COMPOHltnS ""AI Of PU\IIIOI'
UflCJlVIHfSS 'MP' fMINIADII"Y CO\l
1 BIYUS
. f u.v.I' ledim,nl . I "'(lIve .n~ "Ii.hl. . ',ehnlnlly hlll"'IIIIIIlaloll 8 'Ii!)h Aru.."".
. l'Ulled'"""1 with loll . I ,e I V"III It lahl. . /l1I/lliltl I'T1i jUIII'~III' dCtlllhi"II" 8 lIi"h
VV'J'IIIII"III'V'"1 "11a~ion Ice II,le.' ~ "'l'lclII'"' AI.lr
. lie CI'olilloll OIIlUI. ' IIIIC Ilv. , hehllle.1 V 11111.11:1111:111..,.. 8 lIilJh
1"';11"111
. nllilul un.1 conllo', 8 No C'ol8Ctlon 10 wll~II'I. chlnpl.ln public 8 trneln, It nOI'~~'~mlnl.hl.,o, .IIlh. 8 "'''llv.'v low
po' cv ""V lI&lun ., "lIvl/l" vf1" iunl.1I II .'ic Aw.ltnul PIOU'.III
tli 'V 'mpllm.nl.hI,
HUllltfYlUO SD!ll!n ~ftM'
8 hC''',I, tI"lm'~I 8 IIIICII'" 811~ "11'1'1' 8 ',
-------
Table 5
Summary of Remedial Alternatives
Hyanz8 Operable Unit J
m
III
i SUMMARY 0' COMl'ONHm
AlII ""A UVI RIMI mAl COMPOflUU' ----- 11/'1\1 111"1'\1111 II'
(ff(CIIVIHU' IM"IIMINIAPIIIIY (11\1
6 I.. ,v~ll' ',ulI'~ B,oo~, III,.lIv, '111' ,cll.I.I, flullllr 11111111"'1111.1,11 -----.
1 , 1 1 Mm,...I. 'lillli...I..1
(h.ll, I II.k In luw.,
R'''w'r Po" nol"dll.1 . 01111",11111'011
. jI','lIlIllInl'UI.d IIdlm'"1 . 1 01'1011.,11011.",,1.1,1. 'n 1",.III'II"lh . luw
II '11111. WJ'I'"'I I ollo"rm .lItCllv.n''''llIlllIo''llIll dll' uu"..,,,.....,
. &: IIh,II..II" 111111" CIIVII . . Cot,.lIn..,
ov.. "''''IA Wlllllld 101'0' 0/' ."d Idulu,bl"Cill. '''''''18' . , 1«I101.llIr '111,.1,111,",."1. n MIII!Jh
~01'01 I 1o, 'IOU11IO\.I
. h.Ullluunlcd 1111 I ,omul8I,u'U,LI,hm.n' ol.nvlronm,ol 1 Mod,.."
1 ..,.1111" Iml.III".",."11
7 1 1.1 I""C . 110111" B,ool<. . (1I1.llvII"d ,,1I.hlc 1 fI....III" 11111"'"11"""'1 . Mu,I''''e 1 Iillli..",~.1
(111,1&11 Cle.k .nil IuwII
",(tw,,, 1111.11,,1 I"d ,,1I.h'c fI.',1I1I1I,11"i'iu", 1,,"1 a"llIhill,,"
. leu, I~ilimcal w/lolv.n' . 1 1 IliUh
..11&" 0,01101 wllhlo!) ,., 11,;.&11" IIII'I':III~"I.I,I.
1 S.d"1I131 ItV" In ""1111 . I ollO>lf"" III,./Iv"",, "111"10,,,1111 dill . ""ri..lluw
Well," '" IIQI'''ll,1 10 ""1 O/""d II 1111,,11'1'''11> 1".",18, . 1..hlllulI" 11111,1111111,"1111 II M hl!lh
L,.lifl.t"l ..".. 1"30 .11 ~ulenl I 1o. 'IUUI'II'\I
. ;I(kll le,uv'l. .... . Iumul8I""IIL hhm.n, 0' InvlronmeOI . fI..dll" Implc""nlilh'l . Mod...11
8 . 1 u iI"~I'. ',ol[e" 8100", . W,ellv, .m' ..IIiI"', . "..dll" 11II1I1'1II."lilhll . Mod..al. lIillll".I~"
Ou"" I (,..k. UWII
Ru,wilJ I"d h,IIIO
W,II," lonO'III';) .001,I"mlnl f"d InltO/liv n"IIIII" fI"lIIanenle.I'l\Ilv, lIIonllo,lno
. (u'""I'1I COf '~ondeJ . 1 . llillh
il/.iI u hilI'" III... "uI..lua' .110111. lu IIU' on, "IUIIIIII"llo"
ilntl ""I UI,R"lIlilnu
. PI.u uol'lIlld I,dlm,nll" I Oo,..nolll '''. vol """ 01 Inh..1t I.vel 0' 1 ,41.10"1,1101 i\(('III.III. 1o loc illlpul,li( I MOI'I"I.
(n, lua '"r "oV"""/"'1
. l"Ililullonill Coni/oil . 11o I"ul.u'nn 10 will/II',.. ch.nptlln ,1I.hll. .. I"(i,, ,,,ulllII ,. ml"IoI,II'm enlilt . lIelalively low
flo' I" lII'y ,.dull I' I.h"or"~", l'vfI/' ~IU"I 4111" ~1It.lic Awalt""1 I''''II..m
. in Ir IlIIfllclIIllII;,I,lc
8 h,Uillu.nvI1'd '''1' I P,omol81 .."I.Llhhlll,nl 0' ,,,,,I,onlO'"1 . R. 8dllr 1111/11111111'1111'1 1 Mod...le
with dUll III
9 8 hc~"t'" 'loll., "001<, . "',cllv. .nd ..u.",. . Rudllr Imfll'III'"lilhlc . Modllillt (li",in"ld
(Jill II C".k IOU luwtf
R.(twlr 11I,.lIv, .nd ..11.111, ft'1"11t11'~"llIunl'.nd ""1111111101'1 I uw/mud., iI'l
. II'" "dlm.n' wll~ . . .
'''IIIIII'llo,~'olldj i.llio/\ IlIlulv, '~d "lIlh'l. R.qulre. ". .IIIUll "'1.11"'1,,1.1,1.
I Ili"lo,~ ,oli jfll~ 'tdllll'"1 . 1 IIult"lI RA 1..1111" !lOO mil!, . Modll.I./hIOh
I.. 011"1' hChA. iI( IhV I"",PO/III 1r. 'echlli. .11" IIIII,I""ln..lIl.
. (om"ull III 111.111 CO"" . 1 OIlY'lflln. IclI",,,... ~1I"lloo.bI. dill . . C "rll.lluw
OV.I ,.ond"\ WII" ."" 0' 10110' 0/' r...d IIlulI"II.II..... '''.'''18' () M InUh
hlt.I~W'1 ."d ~u"nl 1 'OOdlo~
I .~..." "(n~'I'd ..... I ,0mul8III"llb IIhmln' ol,nvl,onm.n' 8 "..dll~ 1I",I'"n'''''hl, . Mod'"I'
-------
Table 5
Summary of Remedial Alternatives
Nyanza Operable Unit 3
0:
0\
SUMMARY Of COMPONE III S
AI If IIIIA IIVI IIIMlnlM COMPOII"'U - IIIIAI (\11'0\1111111
IfffCIIVfNUS 'MPI fMfNIABlIlIY (051
Welliv. illld ,~'iat.l. - -..---.. .-'-..-...-...-. o.
10 . lIuv", . 'IOII,~ 8'00". . , Ru"it, ''''l'le'''~lIldl.l~ . M',,'c,,'I~ 11i....n..h'..
f'".'all (UI:. ilnd luwII
IIdl'WoI, I "'l\lv. a,!d nll.,hl.. ""1,,1..,
. nil~,,1t IIn"'.'fllltdjm.n' . . I ,1I",1c dll.. i"'plcmen',,',le . Mu,le. ,1.e/IIII.h
,,,. ~".'II' Unil 'Iell " .1111'°' I."ora
. (011 IIIIC I If 1111 lit III cover . 'Oll!)"'"n e' IIC Ilv,n... !llItlllonah'. dill . hlhnhilU, ''''pl.m.III.\hl. , (,'f'Ullow
GU'I,on"." w.l.. .,u, o' 101:11111°1' ro'lll blollllha.iclII '"(lU'" (J M 11I~.h
f .111"0 W,II.,," ~"I.nl.. 'oo"I"~
. hIU,I.lc"ul.d .,.., . '"Rlo'tI,u"ah IIhmlnl 0' .nvhonmln' . Rudil, ''''fI'.m.nlah'. . Mude..',
with clun III
II . hU"a'" "011,,8'00". I I IIec.'v. illll'lfliahi. , R.."il,lm,II'III'"I.hl. , Mu,'c'd" (Ii",illdl..,
(Jull.l. ('u. OInLt I uwCl
"fuwaT f II.CI'v. alld "lIah'.. "'' "''tI
' n I,loia In °fl"abl.Un'" . . JelhnlulI, 'n'pl.men.a"', . Mol/eu'e/hiuh
eel 1.00n'I'0,III'on
. 11I1I1'""on.1 con',oll " 0" O'tC'"II'O Wllel"ll.. chlnOtl'n flllhilc . Rudil, ''''''''I11',,'ahll , lIt'a""eI, Illw
1'01 c, ilia, .~""c. cl ecll"."e"
II . fluvl'.' "oll.~ 8'00", . f II.ctl"l Ind uliah'. . R...IIiI, '1II,llclII"I..hl. , MII.'cld'e (lilll;'lJlc',1
{h"lah (IItl< ;ontll ower
R.c,w., Po.. nOllCdll" vn'lImt 0' 101hll,. h(hnlc all, IIIIJllelllell'dlolt MU,'cIJle
. \.dIlIlCf\l dhflo'I'ln I . .
I ..ltlll """'0111" '..11..1. IIOI.."I~llIolI' In!J tlta..U "fRA lalili., SOO lIIil.. ("fi. alluw
. Stdll".111 COVill in'a"..n , rll"Chvll .."d '1:IIalll.. /It'I"I.., . .
W"'.nd It ..nll,o'''llon Canno. IIola.. f alle/ll Weiland clue 10 () M '"~.h
. Ac:cli.t(lliow 0' hll.1O . 11..11111 ~Iuli"" and lIollllno. bll' "'l"ll.. ,
W.,I.,,,, ael,'illollal IIo.a\lC laN1'1t, vflli. 011 \J,o","'wale, '.' dclicUII . Mudel .lIe
. '"1111111"'"1' COli'''''' . /I.,/"n. c:c 111111 .n \1\1111 II c, (hall!l" In IUlhll. , "111 i,,~ II ""' i'"/,I.III'''I"lllc .11 euli..
,,,.1 I, IIId, ,c:.lou e c lIc:c Iovc"ell '.Ivel- 14.1"& ...u. ',.1.,,, AVVol"'IIl'U ""f~I..1f1l . nC".thY"', /IIYV
ca,lIv '"'1.1."'''"1 ~I.I.
---.----- --- ---- ----.------
II . OivfI.llow ',om ''''fln . Ooel nr.lruu',clllf,dialaCl'o" obl'ClI".. . I IIchuh IlIv i"'f'lcm~ul,.IoI" . luw
W...."d 1'01."1 ..I ~ (011"111 ".'1" 'I'".d,.,. '..al ItULdilluci
. '"IIIIII.jonll (onlloll . 10 r.,o." lon.o wile/" " c lan~tI in I".blle . ~fn(ln," nO"'1'~'~....nlahl. '0. .nlh.
1'01 I, lIIar ,.dlltl .1 .Cllv."., vfI" IU""'" II .Ii( Awa,,"," "'''0' a", 8 ReI'llv.', low
.., I,'mpl.m.n'ah'.
,"
-------
Table 6
Co:pa=ison of Costs
Al te:-nati ve Total Ccst 30 year 0&11 Cost: Exclud';:lg
N,.-her Ccsts O&M Costs
(millio~s of (!:lillions of (millions of
dollars) dollars) dollars)
3), 24..6 7.3 ~7.3
4), 47.8 7.3 40.5
lL~ 20.4 7.3 13.1
-------
Alternative 11,
Statue
FEDERAl,
Rolevant and Appropriate
m
III
Dredging,
TABLE 1
Disposal io Operable Unit I Cell,
Chemical Speo if io I\Rl\ns and 'J'lICu
NYI\NZI\ OU III
and Inotltllt~onal cont:rolo
. Requirements
CWI\ - I\mbient Water
Quality Criteria
(AWQC» - Protoction of
Freshwater Aquatio LLfe,
lIuman lIeatth - Floh
Conoumptlon
I
Requirement Synopoio
I\WQC ara dove) opell IIndlH'
the Clean Water Act
(CWA) au guldollllOIl fa"om
whIch otatoo develop
water qualJ.ty utandanlu.
Crlterla aL'O elltahlloho1:011
deulgnatwl a ClallO II
River for protection and
propagation of floh,
othor ilClllilll () I I to alill
wildllfu, au well au for
recreational uoeo
~ {fLshln2~inuni~2)'
u
-.
Action to be Taken to
Altain noqlllrem~!~l:u
'I'ho c) lJil/lilp ) IJVIJ I n ( I
ppm m(H"Clu'y In uudiment
III uxpoc\.lJd tu I'IIIIIIIL III
ourfaco waloa' In t.l1\)
~aul:onl Hull anti wh I eh
muel:u Lhu J\WQC fOl' huth
protection ot hllman
hoa lth fL'om t I ula
COIIUlllllpt I Oil alld'
pl'()tecUolI ot aquatic
-------
Alternative 111
Status
BTATE
Relevant and Appropriate
m
\0
Dredging,
TADI."E 7
n1oposal 1n Operable Unit I Cell,
Chemical Specific AIU\U8 and TOCa
HUNZA OU I II
anti Inotltullonal cont:l.oln
Requirements
Req'11 rement Synopai B
HA Surface Water Quality
Standardo (J14 CHn 4.0).
The regu latJ 0810
douignato tho 1II0llt
uonoltlvu unull 1'01. whl!:h
the surface watoru of
the commonwealth uhall
be enhancod, malnl.illnnd
u.ul IIl'otoctu(l, ililil
"proocrlbo tho minimum
wator quality criteria
required to uuutain lhe
duo Ignat 0(1 UIIIJ. Tilt)
811dl"II."Y lt1.vor la/.lU huon
dooignatod II ClaUD"
r1ver for protect1.on and
propagation of fluh,
other aquatic lito and
w1ldlife, ao well au for
recreational 0000.
Action to ho Takon to
~~~~.!~~!~~']I~ ~"~!!I~!~!..~"
Water trom tho
duwatul'llIl, "I"III:UIIII will
IIIJ III II I: II..." Ijl:l 1 II i 1"111:1 I y
to on-Site BUt-taco
water. If lIdu water
IInon not: mr!U1: :n,,11/
lIt:anllanlll, J l will 1>1/
t.'oaloll hotol"(t
-------
Alternative 11.
Dredging,
TADI.E 7
Disposal in Operable Unit I Cell,
Chemical Specific ARARB and TOCo
NYANZI\ OU III
and Inotltutlonal Conti"olu
\0
a
~.-. --
StatuB Reqiliremento Requirement Synopoio Action to be Taken to
~ll ~!~!~9,-!_~~!!!~!!t.1I
FEDERJ\J.
TOC National Oceanic and Thio memorandum repol-tod ')'hlo memo,-anllnm \~a II nil f!ll
Almoopherlc the lovulu ot lo 1101; lill"'.JUt I: II!;IIIIIII
Adminlotratlon (NOAA) contaml nllnl:o in lIolllmonl: ~Joa 111 (01" "1!l11 ml!lI!. II
Technical Hemorandum NOS at which undeoirablu baoed on expOoun3
OHA 52 effects were obsorve,) ocena,"loo fo," ecnloglcal
among moot typOIl ot l"t.!cupto,"o.
aquatic oediment -
dwe 11 I nf) Ol'CJan I ~~o.
.
Toe EPA RIBk Reference DOBeB EPA nfDo are dooe levolo EPA RtOo woro uoo,) to
(RfOo). ootabllohod to chal'actor l"o riuku lIuo
character he rloko due to OXpOOill'O to
to oxpOOnre to contamlnanto In onl"faco
contaminanto In OIH-faco \~i'!.O': and lIullllliUllt. au
wator, oOdllllont, au wull wull au OthOl- lItualla.
ao in other media in
tormu of noncarcJnoljonic
effecto.
TDC EPA Carclnoqen 'J'hooe factoru al"O u 001) ')'houo (acto,-o W01"O uued
Aeoeeemant Group Potency - to compute the to auoouo hUd I th 1"10110
Factoro, individual incremental ft-om cal'C i nOljonu pl"OUont
cancor rlok 1"00u1 t I nq ilt 'hu Situ.
tn)11I oxpollun! to
carcinoCjeno.
TOC EPA Ilea It h AdvJoorioo Thaoa materialo aro ')'houo dOCII01ol)to WU'"O
and Acceptable Intake intended fOl' uoe In uooe! in auucouitU] hoalth
lIealth Aooeooment qualitative puh II c l'luks from In!Jou\: IluJ
pocument:.o health evaluation of UlI1"faco wattH" alld
romodlal alturllDlJvuo. uudlmont In tho Stlldy
Al'ua.
-------
. Alternative 111
TABI.E 7
Disposal io Operable Unit I Cell,
Chemical Speclfic ARAnu and '1'lICu
HYANZA OU I II
anll Inotl.tutlonal Cantl"olo
status . Requ i rement 8 Requirement Synapolo Action to he Taken to
~ll !!.!..!~~~~~~~~~~:~~I~~~~: ~~
FEf)ER1\I. (cont'rl)
TOC Riok ABoeooment Guidance The guidance pl"aV Ideo The gill dance '~,lD lIoeil to
for Superfund and parametoro for calcllialu lanJul cloanll(l
Directive Amendments determination of (]oalo for Bedlment baaed
OXpODllro via Inl)ODtlon on OlCpOlJuru UCOII
-------
Alternative I I.
Status
FEOERM,
Applicahle
1(\
I..
Appllcahlo
TADJ.E B
Dlopooal In Operable Unit I Call,
Action Speclflo ARARa and TDea
NYANZA 011 III
Dredging,
. . Requirement.
CAA - National Ambient
Air Qual1ty Sl:andardu
(NAAQSt for Particulate
Hatter and Ozone (40 CFR
Parto 50.6, 50.9).
CWA - National' Pollutant
Discharge Elimination
Byotem (NPDES) (40 CFR
122, 125)
allil 11I6llllll.Iollal COllll'll)u
Requirement Synopals
'I'ho roglll at 10llu /lpuc: I fy
maK Imllm (11'lmal'y iJlld
oecondary 24-hour
concentratlono for
partlelll ato mat 1:01' anll
O~ono 111 the lllni.) 1 unt
air, and not from
particular eourceo. The
HA Stato Implemelltatlon
I'lano (SIP) contain lhu
epeclflc roquln!lllento
for certain Oourceo
deelgned to enaure
attainment and
maintenance of the tlAAQS
otandanln.
Any pOint-ooureo
dlocharge to watoro of
the United Staleu "",ot
. moot tlPDES o\lhntantlvc
requll'ementa, which
Include compliance with
corraupolldlng waler
quality el:andardo and
ootabliohment of
discharge monitoring
systems.
Action to he Taken lo
~ll~!~~~.!.!:~~!~~!~!!
'l'ho ilel: 101111 1:0 lIu I .1I1U1I
meat the l'equiremolll.o of
the SIP deolgnod to
maintain tho tlAAQS
"1.1\1111.\1'''" 1\1'0 III UI~IIIIIIIIII
i.)elow \llIdol' tho SII'
requlremento.
Waotowator ft'om tho
dowatol'ing pnJCollu wi I I
ho mOil I toroll flH' lliu
rCC)\lll'cd poll \It ant Ij anll
-------
APP:E:NDIX B
CONC~~ LETTER FROM TXE
COMMONiinLTR 01' HASSA~SE1'TS
-------
. CC~rr:CriWectth cf M~c::hL.;se:ts
Exec~e Cfi'ice cf Er.Vircnme:.7ci P-J7C:rs
Department 01
Environmental Protection
William F. Weld
Goo8mcr
Caniel S. Gteencaum
~..
Mar::::' 2:,
:'993
Mr. Pa~:' Keoug::.
Ac-~~c -Qc~en-' A~~i~is~ra~er
----;: .:':.:--"'" COo- .
U.S. ~~v~=or~e~~al P~=~ec~~c~
Regier. 1
JF!\. Fec.eral
Bes~er., ~-~-
Ager..cy
Buileing
02203-22::'
RE:
Ny-~za C=emical Waste Dum~
FQ~Q-~1 ~;'-e~~"~c.' S~tQ -
-~---- --w --WM - - --
C-e-:~'Q ~~~t ~~-QQ
!:J -,jjjjji""iI,J-- w.~ ----
ROD CONL.~:2£NC:::
Dear l'A.=. Keough:
The Department of Environmental Protec~~en (the
"Department n) has revie'N'ed the prefe:-=ec. remedial alte=na.tive
selected by the Environmental Protec:ion Age~cy ("E?An) for the
Operable Unit Three Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Federal Superfund
Site cleanu~. Based u~on its review, the De=artme:t con~~s with
EPA's c::.oice of this aite=na.tive as the sele~:ed remedial action.
The preferred alternative proviees a Sou=ce control remedy
for the Continuing Sou=ce Areas ane institut~onal controls and a
public awareness prog=am for the SUQu-ry River Area. Key
components of the preferrec. alternative incluee:
~. performance of ce:t:ain pre-cesign st-..:.clies includ.i!1g
refined delineation of locations in the Continuinc Source
Areas exceeding the targec sedimenc/soil cleanup goal;
2. excavation ane dewate:dna of cor.tami=ated sediments and
soils from corticns of the Concinuin~ Scu=ce Areas,'
- -
3. excavation of imcorted fill from
cap that was previously constr~ctec.
Unit: One remedy;
ber..eath a portio~ of the
as pa=t of the Operable
4. eis~osal of eewatered, contaminated se~iments/soils
be~eath the opene~ por:ion of che Ope=acle Unit One cap ~~~
re=uildin~ of the cap;
0"8 WInter Street
.
Boston. Mas.s.ac.'Ius8'ft:s a:z~ca
.
FAX (1)171 55&-1049
.
-------
M=. ~a~l ~=~~=~, AC:~~= ~e=~=~al Ac~~~is==a:==
N"t/'ar== C\-.:.:-:..,-.:. ";ia.:-: -..._- :-.:\"';.:::.--1 C::t..:,-e""-':."-": S~=;
:. .;=:-: Q--;::-:-:-:\.-_:-- --w.u.~ - ----=-- - ~ -----'-
C,:-e- ---- -..-- - .:..-_:: ~.:: C=::=~===!lCe
Ma==::. 29 I ,--..
Page
2 cf 4
-. t=:7~~e~~,. ~:.~2~essa~£,
c~e=a:~c~ W~=~ c~sc=a=;e to
of wate= f==~ ~~e ~ewat==~ng
ar. cn-s~~e s~r=ace water bccy;
o.
.,...:.=-,...--~..,...-
- -- ""'-'- ='---.-
c:: all i:-::pact2c'
wetla---:.cs;
7. i~;le~e~~a=~c~ of a public aware~=ss
Suc=~~£ ~ive= ;=aa c=ntami=atio~;
!===g=a~
regarcing
s .
i~sti=~tic~al c=~==cls to l~mit
e:-c;cs~re
t= contaminants
ir. t~e S~Cb~~£ R~7er Area; anc
9. creation of a =o~r~h Ocerable Unit to cevelcp a final
clear.~? plan fo:: the SuCbury Rive:: A=ea.
The selec~ec remecv contains several moci=~cations from the
pr=~e~~=~ a't=~at;ve ~~=sent=~ in E~~AS ~~o'Cc~e~ ~'an These
-- ---- - -_e. - :-- --.. -"'~J -- - - - -- ...
modifications, in pa::t, aceress concerns raisec curing the public
comment perioc, ~~c ~cluce the following:
1. a re~~ireme~t that the areal exte~t anc vertical ~rofile
of the existing cap will not be increase~ as a result of the
cisposal of the contaminatec material;
2. per=o~~ce of precesign sampling to refine volume
estima~es of the c:ntaminated material to be excavated;
3. curing remecial cesign, a de~ailec evaluation of existing
cap storage capac~ty anc the refined volume of contaminated
secime~ts/scils recuirin~ cis~osal, usi~~the information
obtair.ed pursuant to the-above parag=aph~ the purpose of
this evaluation will be to determine, basec u~on bes~
en~ineerin~ practices, whe~her the::e is sufficient stora~e
capacity in the cap for that material with~n the dimensional
paramete::s set for~h above; anc
4. if it is de~e~ined pursuant to this evaluation that the
cap's storage capacity is insu=ficient for disposal of this
material, then the selected remedy will be re-exami~ed
th::oug~ an "explanation of significant differe~ces" or an
amen~~ent to the ::ecorc of cecision, as necessary, pursuant
to the relevant p:::visions of CE~CLA, SA?_~ anc/cr the NCP.
Notwithstanc~n~ the forecoinc mocificatio~s, the DeDartment
notes that the crefe::=ec reme~ial-alte=native cces net fullv
-------
~'!r. -:.., :Ce~:.:.q::., .:'..=:::.::q :.e::.c.:a:' .:"'~:::':':::.s::ra::cr
Nya::za C~e~.:.=a: Was::e G~:::~ ==~era: S~;er::.:.::= S:.::e
C~:=a~le U~~: 7~=s~ ~:D C=~=~=~;~==
Ma.==:: 29, ~ ::.c-:
Fa:: - cf 4
c.:.a.:=S"'"~e
CC::=er::s
.C=~::=::~ ;:e:::..=:c..
t~a= ~?A, as t~;
'!::e~==c:::e.,
t:::
!:e::a=::::e::=
:::'':'5 s:'::,
cffi.c:..a:'s
S~==~g:y =e~~m~ends
es:a~~:.s:: a:: enqo:.::q
to ac==sss ~~~~C
T::e
a::c.
!:e;a=:m.e!lt is
. ~ . .
J.:::;:.ls~e::.=~nS" a
leac
aqe::~y fer
a::::' local
" "
Wl.:.=. c:.:..:.ze::s
..... . ..
w:.~~:.::= a~c eager
F~~~:'~ :'::vc~ve~e:::
t:-=c~5'::'Ot.;=
tc
t~= r=~e~~a::.=~ ~==c;ss.
ass~s: E?A i~ cievel=ping
---
t::.:.s
pU~cse .
~.,....--=c::::
1:'--"----
7::.e Depar::::e:::: ~as e7a::.:.a:=~ :::.e pre:erre~ al:er=a:ive fer
CC::s:..s:e::cy wi:::' M.G.L. c. 2:£ a::c t::.e Massac::.~set::s Cc::ti::~er.cv
PIa:: (the "M~P"), as.~ell ~s wi:::' pr~pcse~ r~~isic::5 to the-MC?
c:.:.rre:::ly ~cer cc::s:'c.era::.~::. Sasee. upcr. t:::'5 re7:.ew, the
Depar~mer.t has ceterm.:.=ec.t::.~: the P7efe==ec.a~te~a:ive woul~
ccr.s::.tute a tempora~/ se~~t:.en co::s:.s:e::: w:.t:: t::e re~~iremer.ts
ef the MC?, as par: 0: the phasec i~pleme::tatio= ef a temperary
ar.c pe=mane~t solutie~. T=e Depa=~~ent notes, howeve=, that a
pe~~e::t solution ceterm.:.=aticr. C~~~ot be mace until i~ has been
cemer.s:ra~ec tr~t the remecial measu=e or combinaticn ef measures
will meet both the total site c~~cer ~c non-car.cer risk limits
as set forth L~ the MC? for the e::t.:.re site.
The selec~ec remecy appears to meet all applicable or
relev'a::~ a::c a::-crot:riate reC"'~ire!:!e::ts (" p...RJl_~s") of t=.e
Co~~er.wealth, base~ on L~fo~atien presently available. The
De::artment will continue to evaluate whe~her the preferred
al~e==ative will sacisfy t=e Co~er.wealth's &~~~S as re~edial
cesi== pregresses a::c curi=q implementation ar.c operation.
The De~a~me::t leeks fo~~arci to continuin~ to wcrk with you
in irnplemencinq the selected remecial ac~ions.- If yeu have any
~~es~ions, please con~act Charla Rei=qa.num of my staff at
292-5a:26.
DSG/EWSC/c=r
Dick C~~plin, NE~O
~-~crew Cone::, OGC
~~hlanc Eoar~ of Selectmen
State Se::ator David Ma~ar.i
State Rep=esentative Jc~~ Stephani=i
Ed Morrier, Framir.gha~ Acvocates for
vr:t?JY Jr7'
~~~m
Commissioner
C,....
... .
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