United Srates
EnvironmentaJ Protection
Agency
Office of
Emergency and
Remedial Response
E P AIROO/R05-88I085
September 1988
eOlfY J
~SEPA
Superfund
Record of Deci.sion:
United Scrap Lead, OH
Hazardous W
Information R aste COllection
US, EPA RegiO~ource Center
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Me~on ~~v,![~~:;:~g~~ t:J~~r;tion Agency
Technics/ information Center
8~:1 Ches,tnui: Street. 9th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19107 .
.,
EPA Report Collection j
Information Resource Center J
U~ EPA Region 3 :
Philadelphia, PA 19107
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:Jul1
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EPA/ROD/R05-88/085
United Scrap Lead, OH
First Remedial Action - Final
16.
ABSTRACT (continued)
the EPA Region V Emergency Response Section initiated an emergency removal action. This
action removed the contaminated soil and ~'aste materials from the immediate vicinity of
the surrounding residences and placed them in a large pile onsite (approximately 55,000
yd3). The areas of contamination at the site include the waste pile and underlying
soil, contaminated site soil (approximately 45,000 yd3), contaminated buildings, other
miscellaneous wastes, approximately 100 empty drums, and several partial or intact empty.
chemical storage tanks. Approximately 400 yd3 of sediment in a nearby tributary were
found to contain high levels of lead and arsenic, attributed to surface runoff from the
waste pile onsite. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil and sediments
include lead.
a
The selected remedial action for this site includes: excavation and onsite treatment
of soil and battery casings by washing, with lead recovery and offsite disposal or
recycling of casing residues and replacement of cleaned residual soil onsite; excavation
and dewatering of tributary sediments followed by onsite disposal with treated soil;
construction of a soil cover over disposed material and revegetation; decontamination of
buildings and debris followed by offsite disposal; installation of a new residential
well; imposition of minimal deed restrictions; and groundwater and surface water
monitoring. The estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $26,924,000
with estimated annual O&M costs of $55,375.
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a
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1Ca:UGJ" cr n;rr~rw
SI'lE NME ~ r trA.'T'T'CW
Uhi ted SCrap Lead
Troy, Chio
~~ CF ~c;T~ ~ ~ NO:
This decision docuIrent presem:.s the selected reredial action for the
uni ted SCrap Lead site, in Troy, Ohio, det.tlaloped in accordan:e with
. CEReA, as aznenjej by ~, arrl, to the extent practicable, the National
Contingency Plan. '!he decision is based on the administrative record for
tl'.e united. SC:-ap Lead site. An imex' of the administratit.tla record is
attaChed (~ttad1rrent A).
TI".e State of Ohio has concurred with the selected. reredy.
~TPITrn CF ~.FrnOn ~
Ttte selec+:.ed renedy for the United Scrap Lead site involves the trea.t::nent
of oot.~ battery casings ani contaminated soils to rarcve and recycle lead.
'The major carq;xment:.S of this overall site remedy iI1clude:
Treat casin;s on-site (washing with lead recovery) with off-site
dispJsal of residuals (mn-RCRA lamfill) if a recycler carrot be
found
On-site soils> 500 mg~ lead (EP-taxic under waste pile)
treated (washing with lead recovery) witt, residual soils (ron-
hazardous) placed back on-site
Clean fi 11 brought in to cOVP-r t:=eated sc i ls and r~leget3.te
Off-site soils* brought on-site and placed '.nth treated soLs
'cover~ 'Nit.'1 clean fill)
SedimerIts ce..-atered an-si te ~.=l plaCed ..i th t:-eated soi 2.5
(covered. Mi.th clean fil:i
BuildingS/facilities, ar.d Cet:r:.s dec~tamiI1ated 3I".d d:'S-t-C5ed 'J::-
site (r~-~ Landf:.l:J
Me., resids:ntial:y~ll pr:f,~.'=-cd ior I.s."1m2.el reside!'~e.'T:S.
bui :dir.g
:':": :~e
:.ti:'i:r.a':' .-:aed restric-:.iar.s ~lerented
:~~=~~i~2ge =cn~'J~:ed
'::;r":'..IfI'c:,,-at.S:rlsu=:;::...ce 'y'at.er :;oni ~or:.:-.g x\:...'1. ~i::;
~:C fer "~ :ninim--:-. :i ':',.'0 ::-"ea!'s af~er.
:-:meC':'.=.':'
3.C': :':::".
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:CC3.t:.'::: '3..~ 'K'.:::~ :':: ':-e ,:.e':=~..i:"..==
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consistent with the CCJTrprehensive EnvirOulleutal Resp:mse, CaTp:nsation,
CiOO Liability k;t of .1980 (CEXI.1\), as arnerxied by the SUperftni ~
and Reauthorization h:t of 1986 (~) and the National Oil and Hazardous
SUbstances Pollution COntingency Plan (N:P), 40 C.F.R. Part 300, I have
deter.n.i::ed that, at the tJni ted SCrap Lead site, the selected remedial
action is cost-effective, prov-Ldes adequate protection of p.lblic r.ealth,
welfare and the environment, am utilizes treat.'TEnt to the maxi..rrun e.Xtent
practicable.
'!his action will require QFeration and maintenance activities to ensure
continued effectiveness of the renedial alternative.
I have determined that the action being taken is consistent wi t.'1 Section
121 of~. '!he State of Chio has been cOnsulted and concurs wi t.h the
selected reredy.
nIirT ~CN
!he selected renedy is prOtective of human health and the environment,
att.ain.s Federal am State requirementS tl1at are ~licable or relevant and
~ropriate for this remedial action, and is cost-effective. '!his renedy'
satisfies the statUtOry preferen:e for renedies tl1at arploy treatlrent tl1at
reduces toxicity, IlDbility, or volume as a principal element and utilizes
pe!m3I1e!1t solutions and alternative treatlrent (or resource recovery)
technologies to the maxiDun extent practicable.
Because this ranedy will result in hazardous substances renaining on-site
above ~based levels, a review will be conducted within five years
after c ement 0 remedial action to ensure that the ranedy cor.t i.m..es
to prov~;;le r~tection of .rn= heal~~~ :~~;?
Valdas V. Date
t7(egicr.al .. trator
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~y OF REMEDIM. ALTEB~.iE SEI.EX:'TION
UNITED sc:w..P' LDJ) SI'lE
'mOY, CHIO
I.
s:r.rE: ~. T lrATtrN MI) ~TI"T'T'(w
~
The Ur..ited SCrap Lead (USL) site, an old battery recycling facility, is
located ~roxilnately one (1) mi le south of the City of Troy , Concord
To\.TIShip, Miami COtmty, Ohio (figure 1). In 1982, the pJp.ll.ation of Miami
County ',..as 90 ,332 (ration of the Uni tad' SCrap Lead
Conpany ani 1.2 acres' are owned by Mr. Jom W. Holcanb.
'n\e site presently consistS of three general areas; an open flat area in
the oorthem half of the site, a wtX:ded area in the southeast quarter of
the sit.e, ard the scuthwest quarter of the site '..mere the offices, process
tuildL'1gs, and loIa5te di.sp:>sal areas are located. To the north and 3OUt.'1 0:
tl'.e si -:e .:3Ie farm fields. To the east, the site is oordered l:iy the
~t:.n-cre am
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'n1e river and surrourxti.ng river valley lies wi thin the Miami COnseI'V'eIq
District. '!be Tributary and river in this area are not widely used for
recreational activities or as a drinking water source. 'Ibere is fishing
further downstream near Tipp City at the Taylorsville Reservoir Where an 8
acre p::ol has been formed by the Taylors-..n.lle Dam.
One of the major resp:m.sibilities and original p.II'pJse of the District is
flocd. control along the Miami River Basin. As part of these efforts the
District has constrUCted rrultiple flocd. control facilities in its
jurisdiction. 'the Taylorsvill~ Dam near Tipp City is one of these
faci li ti es . 'Ibe District, through this unit, has est.ab lished a flcx:xi
elevation level upstream of the dam of 818 feet N. V.G.D. At this
elevation, the entire USL site is within the flocd. plain as established by
the DiStrict..
The river 'lalleys are the site of the sand and gravel quarries '...'hich have
~ and are currently in operation throughout the county. At t.~e present.
tilre, alt.'1ough nu:h of the surrouncting land is O'wned by lwerican ;aqgregate,
Ir1c., a sand and gravel operating carp:my, there are no active 0t=erations
in the imnediate area of the site.
'!he river valleys are also ilTp:)rtant as a major water SUt:Ply source. 'Ibe
Great Miami River in Miami COUnty over lies the turied valley of the Sidney
C:-ee.I(:, a Tributary of the Teays River Valley, with ground-',.;ater 'Nell yield
rep::>rted in the range of 200 to 1000 gpn. 'Ibe residerx:es and other
facilities adjacent to the site are on private wells located on the edges
of this buried valley source with well yi~lds of 100-500 gpn r;ossible. 'The
areas beyor.d the river valleys 1:ypic:ally obtain their water from glac:.al
drift or l:ilrestone formations ''''':.t.'1 yields of 5 to 25 gallons preva.le.rr.:,
~e c:csest private '..;ell is '.Ii tlu.n 10 :eet of ti'.e areas of past dis;osal of
-:..~e '..;aste materials at the s i ':e (:shmael) '.Ii t.~ an aCdi tional three '...'e lls
'N'it..'1in 300 ft. of the .:tisp:Jsai areas.
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II.
~ RT~ HI) ENI!'W:-}lM!N.r ~.lTI"=--
SITE HISImY
"0
The T.b1i ted SCrap Lead Canpany began in 1946 as a sole proprietorship owned
by Ed..ard Bailen. The canpany ...-as engaged in the business of lead
reclcmation fram old aI'.d used autarcbile batteries. These bat~eries ",,-ere
primarily p.lI"c!'.ased fram scrap dealers in Ohio and brought to united. SCrap
Lead C~ for processing. The reclailred lead '.;as sold and shi~ to
lead smelters.
uni ted SCrap Lead Canpany, Inc. I was il1corpJrated. on April 1, 1964. Ed'...ard
and O1arles Bailen each owned fifty (50) percent of the stock. Ed'w'ard
Bailen served as President and Treasurer, and O1arles Bailen served a Vice-
President and Secret"..aLy.
UI1i ted SCrap Lead canpany, Inc., discontinued b1ying ar.c1 processing
operations in CCtober of 1980. The cOrpJration was dissolved on March 31,
1982. 'D".e real estate canprising the united SCrap Lead Company, Inc., site
in Troy, Ohio was deeded to Ed'w'ard and O1arles Bailen as joint tenants on
March 31, 1982.
In May of 1983, Edward and O1arles Bailen incoq:orated to form Bailen
Brothers, Inc. EdWard ani C1arles. Bailen are the sole shareholders and
of:icers of this corporation. 'n1e real estate canprising t.l1e united sc:-ap
Lead canpany, Inc., S1 te in Troy, alio, was ~ by 00t.h i.n:ti vidUals to
Bai le:r. Brothers, me. in Septanber of 1983. Bai len Brothers, me., was
fonreC. for the ~se of leasing the subject real estate to other parties
for reC'jCling ar.c1 cleaning up waste rraterial left on the lar1d by the old
em. taC', SCrap Lead c.::rrpany, me., operations. Hereinafter, the proper:y is
re!er~ed ':0 as property owned by "USt".
Al.i..."1ough TJSL began business at t.l'1i.s loca'ticn in 1946, it claims I1D't :'0 :-.a.,,-e
-=.e>;osi,:ed any solid '...,ra..s~=s ,:n tr.e site UI'l't:.l. 1966. Beginning LT'l 1966 ;"r.:.
contir.,uing through 1980, USt. separated the batteries fram t.l1eir casi.n~s,
severed t.."1e tops, collected t.."le :'ead plat.as for reprocessir.g, ar.d r::e:
cliSp:Jsed of the tops ar.d casings cr.-s:.,:e. 'Ihe acid ;"as or:.ginally
disc.~ged directly to an acid 3=;c:;e ::.e.:.c. BegilJIling in la'te 19"7:, ~....e
acid 'NQS collected, neutralized '..."i -:.'": 3Ii1OC!1ia as necessarl, ard disc:-..r;::-::
t.:'.rough tr.e acid seepage f:eld.
A~erJ::'l at-:enticn t:o ~e :;s.. q:€!"3.1::c:-.s f:.:-st. ccC'..lr:-ed i."'. :'.:::e :'90;; "it.~-; ":S
requ.es'ted 3. ;Errni:: :.=: ::=r::::"~1,.le ;:~ ::i.~-p:'se cf -:..'":e ba'c::.er-.- ::::.sL-.,; ::-~ --=~-= ,:.3.-:~':
p:r-::.C:1. ..::: -.-":e~:" ?r:~r:y ::"':IT\ -...::e :'li.3mi Coun-:'7 3card JZ' Z-::-:.i.r..g .:'.;:p~::"..5,
~:.s r.,;c:..:.es-: ,..as ~r:ived in August 1967.
:.a~er, C::~=2~.s ===.:;.:-=:..r:g ~..;s:..' s ~~r3.ti.cn -},rer: fcc~ed ':!'. -::~ dis=C2::..~ _.:
t-"'"'" .",..,;..; ".."-="'-~ ':",::. 1 0"',2 ...kg ;"\~; 0- T'"I.-.,~~"""'""'t ""f tle'" 1 t.h ":r"'i"'act rTc:i ~""
-.'= ~...'-.:. '.~'-_. -- -. , ~..- ."..- L.,'''='~ --11I;i406. \"." .. ~ . - --.'" - - ~--..-
L;:;lene'.-: 3. "Na.S't.;,..iat9r t=e~~~':. 9rcgr3II\ at USL ":c :'.1.l1'! i"<.;"_'::"3.l:.== ::.::
ac:':. ~.c:::!"Ci::q -:: Shio E?:".. ~;s:. =egan using ,-3Irn"C:1ia :".e'.:";::-~:":.=;:!~:c:-. :: -.:.:;,
;iC:::' "..;ast:= :oEO"Io''-eC "-=y disc:-...=.rse ':0 .3, se':.~::::; ':3I1.L: ""J'i::. -"::~ ;:::t.:.e-.";
-::.:::--:=-;::-.; di===~':'~. ~= ~'1: :.'::-:' :;E'::~a.:e ::~:'..:.. ~:J..:3=~...:::~ ~::.:..j :::::.
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IIDnthly operating inspection repJrtS of the site iI1dicated the leaching pit
influent lead corx;entrations were between 20 anj 100 milligrams per liter.
Significant corx;entrations of cadmiun' anj. other toxic materials were
rep:>rted to also be present in the influent. In 1974, the Olio ERo..
reccmnenced ~lE!Tenting a ITDre effective on-site treatIrent syste:n. or off-
site treat...1'ent ar.d,/or diS1=Qsal of the waste acid. QUo ~ also began
rroni ~oring the groun:l;-ater quality near the site in 1976.
In t.~e pericd frem 1972 to 1977, ten USL W'Orkers w&e diagnosed br
physicians as having lead. p'isoninq. '!his pr~ed inspections b~" the U.S.
O:C'.Jpatiooal. Safety and Health ~nistration (OSHA.) which, am:mg ether
viOlations, found inadequate prOtection against contamination by lead
residue. 'D1e OSfiA investigation also noted high levels of lead
contamination in the air close to the site and. lead contaminated dust near
the rai lroaC cepJt in Troy, Ohio.
In 1979, Chio EPA. rrcnitoring found that an on-site ...-ell at USL had begtm to
shD.; signs of sulfate contamination and that cadmium and lead levels in
obser-Jaticn '..-ells installed by USI.. at the site far exceeded drinking water
starx:iards. Pursuant to Ohio's solid waste disp:>saJ. regulations ~licable
to the diS1=QsaJ. of naterials on the premises where they are genera.ted, Chio
EPA. required USL to develop dispJSal plans for its waste. '!he di.sp::sal
plan '..IQS never inplE!le'lted because in 1980 USL .stoR=a1 its operation
indefinit.ely, as a result of the drop in darBrxi for recycled lead.
B~l January 1982, the site was beinq used for a battery casing reclaiming
op:ration rurl' by Kenneth Boersma, although the prop:rty was still owned by-
CJSL. 8oerSlT'a's operation consiSted of scooping up the old batter;( casings
fran <:..':e sit.e, crushing t..'1.em, and selling the p:>lz'propylene and lead :netal
debris r:o differem:. ir.dustries. Ohio EPA and the Miami County Health
r:e~T~t believed. tr~s offered a SUbstant:al solution to the site's
~r::b':'e!'.s, ::t.'1:. Seersa a.id :us anployee.s abanjoned the operation before
c~:e~:c~.~r.en their =2.ccd ~as feund to c~tain '1angerously ~igh l&;e:s ,-
lead. Aft.er this, USL contracted ..it."l Galena Industries to ret=ie';"e :":'le
lar.c.::.:':'ec. batter;{ '2S:~s frc:m ':."".c: s:.te3!".c ::au.l t..".E!n away' fer pr:x:es::;ir:g,
HOt.?,"er, t.tUs operatic!: ',.:as also h.:L ':oed in. car l.y 2.983 './hen ':.he Chi~ =::?"-. an:
t..,'" -oun~" '"ealth ~"'-"""'7'W- """"t~.....;.._.-'I .."-~ .""e ........~.. C""i1""'<:: """-t' -om"'ir:"""':
.u;;;; I... ,'-:J r:. ~ -'...,,'- '-C -_..-...C'.... ......4.,- u. - ~- """t:"'-" -4 .. _.~ .~-
af":.er' proc'=SSinq ~..d '.vere :1Crnal2.~' !".auled back to t:..l'1e site ~,,'ere hazareous,
ard thus had to be di3P=s€d of at .m a;:prot,,"ed ~ site.
In Sep:~..r 1984, L"S:. ',as placed :::1 :..~e )Iat:.cr.a.: ~:or:.':.::s :.:.;;t
ur.:::er ':ERC"''';'''.
...~\
On. 5ap-:~!mr:?r 20, ~,,),~~, ~"le Tectr.iC31 Assist.ar:c3 Team (~) tor ,:.5 ~
Re-;:cr. .; .-:-"":3 ::. 3:-:-; 'r...3it. ~:J ::er:-:r:n an asses.:::ner.t fer :~...e :-:eed ;. =-
i~:.~~::: -'~C'-,-:..':' -::=-::..:r.s ~.rr~e!:" at.:.t.;.....ori,:y of ::-?c::.;;. 3f'.d ~:'.C: ;:c:'. ::~3
visi t ',;as .)1:r:seq\ler.t:'l follow-P.d b~' ,3. sample gathe!"ing effc~ in Ce:'.:!!'..c€r
ISlS.!,
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In ~ 1985, the U.S. ~ Reqim V, Ettergen:y RestXJllSe 5ection (ERS)
resp:l1'1dinq'to the results of the earlier stOOies as conducted by 1M'
iriitiated an energen:y raroval actim at the US[. site. '!his action was
implemented to rarove the contamir1ated soils and waste materials fran the
irma:i1ate v"i.cinitl'" of the surroundin; residences and roactway. 'These
materials ,,",-ere reroved am relocated on site forming a large pile furt..'1er
to the east. '!he sampling am analysis of the soils am waste materials
rercved ar.d relocated' as p:ut of the efforts cond1.1cted at the USI. site have
shewn high concentrations of lead.
'!he '..waste as disposed' at the usr. site consistS of rubber (Bakelite) and
plastic (p:>lypropylene) battery casings, pie:es of the lead CClT'lp:)ne.'1t.S from
the batteries (grids, FOsts, am p:>rtions of the plates) lead paste am
contaminated soilS. Tt'.e rubber casings are indicative of the industrial
and older autaroth-e batteries received at the site for processing. The
plastic casings are representative. of later autarotive batteries ..hen
plastic '..;as substitrn:ed for rubber in the late 1960's. '!he vast majority
of t.'1e batterj casin; residue' as diS'fOsed at the site, rarqes in size fran
1/2 inch to 6 inches in dianeter. Sane p.ieces are flat but. rrost are
COITi'lex in shape ;.ri.th corners and interior ridge surfaces. 'I!1ere are a
limited nlJJI'Cer of wrole casings located priJrarilY along the perilreter of '
. the disposal areas at the surface am scattered t.hr'o.1gtnIt the SOI.ltb:!m
half of the site.
'"
In adcti tion to the. waste battery casings and carpment.S, there are also
several a.bardoned 1:uildinqs. located on-site. 'It1e Process adld.ings~. 1
ani~. 2 were tuilt an top of the' battery disp:>sa.l material. 'D1rou;h the
di~rsion of lead cOntaminants in the :ourse of operations conducted ir.
these structures, tl1ey l1a.~-e been contamina.ted~ Other'miscellaneous '....as,::s
as :cur.d at the site are: ~roxiIrately one-hundred E!l't'tl'" drums, seve:-a..l
p;:lr:ial or intaCt ~y chsnical S'torag: tanks, am general refuse f=cm
oot'_"1 site related. acti'Tities and the general p,lblic, ...'hich has usee. c.'1e
::.:.: as ,F.- 'JPeI'l dIJrrt:I on oc::a.sion. .
2~!E:rr ~~~
F:-:or to the initiation of the Reredial :::1.'¥-e.stigat:~':e3Sibilit:t St:.:.d'j
(RI/FS) notice letters '..rer~ sent out "'.:Jy t.'1s U. S. Envi.::uunent.al P!'ot.~:::!1
~erry (U. S. EPA) to t:-:e ':~ kr.own ~te."1tially Rese:x:nsible Parties ( ?PPs J ,
cSt. and Mr. Holc=mb. :nfol':rat:.cn r~es':3 (5ect:.or. lo04 (e) le-r.~e!"s; .,2:-~
also sent oUt. to USt. Bec3.use the ~s-"'ere UI1"...-i':l:ng to ::::r.dt.:c:. --~=::.,-: r:.::.,
negctiatiCI"~ ",..ere never ici :':.3.ted. C:fI.s<:q)J.Er.t~J' ~""'.e :i,.3, ~ .:::-~ -.:-:' -::-.:
R!, FS ~:r'~; --':e :-:a=a:-:.::u.s St.:bstance Res;onse 1':'".:st Fur.c.
<"
Ai"::r pr::~_'::":-;:C. :-";;::~:.:J.t:..cns. "..:.5. ~ erle"~,;'..:a...:..':'i ",vas ab':': :':J ol::.:..i.;: -_:...:
ir...:,:r:ra-r.:..,:!". :. -: :~~.:.e~":~ :=an -:S!.. Based on ~';,e ::-..i:Jr:!'atic!1 ;?rov::~ :.::.
t:-.e :-e5tX)1"'s.::.s '::J :-1".e ~ion 10.1 (e) let~ers, a list of some :00 ?;?; ..';'is
~Q'~lt"'1~ -.., ",.,....,~ "'f lQ83 "'':''0'' ~"'Q ("''''''T'V'''l''c::~cn ."'It "'''''e ~ ~S ::-..:J""':'
~_. ---~~. -- .~~'..,i"W'- 'J .., . ~'-- -.- __'4""'",,,,,,,,,- .., -. .. ." , ":"'''---
~rbt.:. =: :e-r.": :rs '".e:-,= .:;e::t ':0 :..":: gr:t:p. ci 200. '!!:e ~rat=r:':=:1 ~
'':::':T.':~.!'.c9d, ~-.d !1Egct:at:.ons :::;::: ~egun. Tl1e?RPs '.:o.",'e ::E':!". :.::..:-::::-'='~ -~-..:.:.
-:::: -:-:'e-==rc. :: De:is:~:1 (ROt,) -~ ~~-:~~ ~~ ~ s:.;r..:d _:: '3~~='T'::=!" ::' ~ .:'~,:..
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I:D:. CIMoINI'tY m;y~'1'Trw:;. ffi~i']{ HY
'n1e SUperfum activities at the united scrap Lead. site have been followed
closely by the local. Camunity and press. To date., there have been plblic
rteetings, fact sheets and press releases regarding the activities at the
site. '!here is an active rrailing list of local citizens interested in the
activities at the USL site.
COtmtmi ty relatiOt1S for the rE!Te:tial activi. ties were initiated at the usr.
site in .Tarumy of 1986 with the RIIFS kickDff meeting. 'Ibis meetin; was
attended by ITEmbers of the local. cc:mrunity as well as the press. TI1ree
fact sheetS have been mailed to the camunity prOfJi.ding upjates after key
. mi lestones in the SUperfUl"d process.
A. ;ublic r~si tory has been set up in the Troy-Miami COtmty Public
Li:Jrazy. The adminiStrath-e record for the site has been plaCed in t."1e
repJsi tory, r..'1ereb1. CTEetinq the requirE!Te1.tS LII1der Section 113 of ~.
~11en the RI/FS '..;as ~leted, a propJSed plan was prepared stating EPA' s
recc:mrenda.tion for ratatial action at the site. A 21 day PJ,blic C(Ament
period on EPA' s prQp:)Sed plan was heM betW'een ~ 8 an:1 August 29,
1988, consistent with 5ectim 117 of 5r\RA.
Be!,=,r~ the '_'_111I1t=ut period ccmnenced EPA issue:1 a news release and took out
an advertiserer1t in the local. newsp3per ootifying the carmmity of the
afJ-ailability of the prop:>sed plan a:rx1 RI/FS Rep:)rts. A pJblic meeting w'aS
held on August 15, 1988 during wtUd1 the U.S. EPA an:! Chio EPA presented
the alternatives to a group of ab:n.tt 30 local. citizens c311d r~rters. '!he
at:.ac::ed res;cnsiv-ene.ss sumnary (At.tac!1ment B) accresses specific ccmnem:s
raised at ~"'.e August 15 ?.1blic rreeting and dlJring the CCJl1I1eI'lt pericd
prcviced.
-
"'
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-7-
IV.
q'TPF. HI) ~F. CF ~F. tmT CR HI'~ H:TICN WI'I1IIN sr:IE
~
'-
'"
'!he reredial action selected for the united SCrap Lead site w1.11 eliminate
the threatS associated w1.th direct contact w1.th contaminated rredia. '!he
role of the rerectial action selected is a canplete site reredy. When the
raredial action is canpleted, I'X) further rerectial action at the site Other
than It'CI'litoring is envisioned. Sirx:e hazardous subst-ar.ces above health
based levels will renain at the site (covered with clean soil) a fi~year
review w1.11 be necessary.
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-8-
v.
~ CF SI'JE ~cs
With the final approval of the United Scrap Lead Work Plan in N:Jvenber of
1985, and after t.he Em:!rgen:y rercval was CCl1;)leted, the raredial
investigation was initiated. A tOtal of 223 investigative samples were
collected and analyzed to determine the nature and extent of the
contamination at the USL site. . 'lhe follor..ring discussion briefly SUITmarizes
the nature and extent of contamination according to re.specti ve ITEdia
. sampled during the RI.
1.
Batterv rJ:!~i.nq StockDile
There are at:ProxUrately 55,000 cubic yards of waste battery
casings and associated material present at the site. The waste
battery casings are the prinary source of contamination at the
site. The tOtal lead concentrations found in the waste material
ranges fran 42 - 377,000 ag/kg, with the higher levels of this
range being near the surface. Arsenic concentrations range fran
21 - 444 m;/kg. Waste sampling locations are shCJwn in Figure 3.
'!he overall sumnary of the waste chanicaJ. characteriStics is shc1.oin
in Table 1.
2.
~
contamir1aticn by lead arYl arsenic of the soils is confined to the
top 6 inches except. in the area t.n:!er the waste pi le. lbJer the
waste pile, elevated levels of lead extend to at leaSt 10ft. in
dept.."1. me concentrations of lead in the soil under the waste
pile are shcl./Il in Table 2. 'lhese ~les were cOllected from the
same locaticns as the 'NaSte borings.
sv.r:-:.cial soil contamination by lead in e.xcess of 500 ;rq/kg
enends aOOl: t 20-30 feet fran the edge of the waste pile. SO il
Sazt;)ling locations are shown ~ :igure 4, ar.d t.'1e results of t..'1e
analysis for lead are shown in :::.gure 5.
'!he main source of soil contami.o;aticn at the USL site is t..'1e
battery casing ',waste pile on t::e surface of the site. SOil has
been contaminated by ai:t;orne diS1=€rsion of par:.icula1:es 3.r-C
infiltration of o..iater &.rough t..'1e casings and into t.'1e under::r:.r:g
soils. For :.'1e m::;sr:. ~ soil ccnt3mi.natlcn :s c~r..fi::ed :~ :::e.
site ;>rr:~r. Hc',y'e~,Ter-, t..'1ere are some off-si~e areas ',y'hic.'1 ha::e
shown el~~1:~ Levels of lead. Since off-si't:e soil sampling Has
not ~-~_o .::I"-""'~"..e ;- l'S -ro"""""sed "'h~.t ~.-'I,..;.;-;onal of"::-si~Q ::-:.:.
1.._..; _._.,.~..I.' ,...'- l:" t"'""'-' U.w:I. <:::1..i.i...i.--- - ----
samp2..:.::.; -.a.ka ?;.a,::e durir:g ~":e renedial design to bet-::9r g.la!'".::.:.:'".:o
lead le':els ~J1 tr.ese areas. The ccrrplete soil analyses can t:e
found :'.'1 ~;dix F of 1:..':e R! Re~rt.
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-9-
3.
~ter
DJring the RI, six ncni taring well nests (each nest consiSts of a
deep arx1 shallow well) were installed at the USL site. 'n1ese
'..;ells '..;ere sarrpled tWice during different times of the year, In
aCdi tion, seven residential '...ells were also sampled. 'n'.e
locations of the grotII1dw'ater ~les are s1'1own in Figure 6, The
results of the grOl1I1dwater analysis iI1dicated that the general
direction of grOl..U1dwater flow was to the southeast, and that t-'1e
concentrations of lead in the aqueous ~e (disSOlved) of the
grourx!wCiter did not exceed the current Prim3..ty Drinking ~ater
Stardard of 0,05 rrg/l. '!his is true for ooth the rom taring '..;ell
samples and the residential well sarrples. '!he carplete analysis
of inorganic constituents for toth the rronitoring wells and the
residential '..;ells can be found in AppeOOix G of the RI Rep:>rt.
4,
SUr'!ace Water ar.d Sed.i.rrent
SUrface water and sediment sarrples '...ere gathered from "* locations
during the RI. 'n1e locations are shown in Figure 7. Lead in the
surface water is primarily that of a particulate or solid
fraction. Highest con:entrations are shJwn in the parxled area on
site (79 rrg/l). Levels of lead in the sediment in the nearby
t:'iWtary are fCJ\.JOO. to be as high as 225 rrqjkg. Arsenic
concentrations are fourxi to be as high as 39 rrg/kg.
As with the soil, the source of contamination of the secliIrent in
the nearby tributary is the waste battery CasUlg stockpile located
on t.~e surface of t.~ site. 'n1ese contaminants are being
t:'aI1Sj;X)rted fran the waste pile to t.11e t:'ibutary via surface '...'a1:er
rJr.off. 'n1e canplete analysis of surface '...rater and sed.iInent can
J:e f~UI".d in Section 5 of :r.e RI Rep:>rt.
::>.
~
.;S par: of the energE!'.cj r-erova': ~c:.':'cr. :"ihich teok place a:c :::e
site, an air sampl:.ng program '...-as r:c:-~ed f:'cm ~!ovente:' of ~..~85
to september of 1986. 'I!1e re.sul':3 of ~_~e air rrcnitorir.g effor":3
consist:ntly src..;ect concentrati.:::-..3 ;:;: :ead less t.han I), )(,5 '.lg,l:;12.
'this is =elow the ~Iatienal ~ier.:' !l~:' ~i.t:y ;~~) s:.r.c.:.=-=. :::::-
airt;o~.e lead of 1, = :.:g/m3.
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-10-
VI.
~ CF SI'IE RT~
'n1e inpact.s on fX.1blic health arx1 the envirOJjj,~1t that may result fran the
release of hazardous SUbstances fran the lhlted Scrap Lead site were
assessed in the Public Health E'Jaluation (FHE) of the RI rep:>rt (Section
7). '!his baseline assessment evaluated the site in the absence of
rened:iation , and provides part of the basis for determining t.'"Jat
ranediation is r9:iUired.
The FHE is based up:m the results of ~ling arx1 ar.alysis conducted during
the RI. sampling has been undertaken in the fOllowing media: grOLn"'.Qwater,
surface '..later, sed..i.rrEnt, air I and. soil. For eac!, rre:lium, the data were
re'TierN'ed first to detennine if contamination exists in the medium; and if
contamination does exiSt, to identi fy pJ'tential pathways through '..ih.ic.~
humans or other organisms COUld :.:otentially be e:q:xJsed. Each :.:otential
e:q::osure pat.h\.lay "...as re.
A"routs of expJsure at t.11e -a..~surs feint; for e.'el.~ed 3..S t..';,e cont.arn.::_'1aI1t. sf ?r:'l1'.ar/
concern for t:i'".i3 31.':e tec3.LS~ ;.. r.a.s teen ::et.:cted 1."1 seLl. at :-"=':'ati~"e':'i'
high concen~at:.c:'"-s (c.....~=..:?: :0 backgrcund) ar.d because of its inherer:t.
toxicity.
~
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-11-
H;:1.,.;Im ~~~~~
sure to lead corx:ern damage to
the hanatcp:Jietic arx1 neurological system. '!here is evi.derx:e that young
children are rrcre sensitive to the toxic effects of lead than are adults.
Although an ~ent threshold has been determined for the acute
neurological effects seen in lead 1=XJisoning, no threshold has been
determined for the acute neurologiCal effects on here synthesis or on
l~ ability in children. Lead can also cause rectal dysfunction, and
is known to be teratogenic to an:imals. '!he toxicity of lead is discusSed
in rrcre detail in ~ K of the RI RepJrt.
Risk Assessment
The Centers for Disease CCnt1"ol (COC) currently defines lead toxicity in a
child as a blocx:1 lead le'lel greater than or equal to 2S ug/dl and an
erythrocyte prot01=XJq:t1yrin le'lel greater than 35 ug/dl.
111e di1"E!C"t ingestion of contaminated soils is a 1=XJtentially significant
route of e.o.q::osure, especially for young children who constitUte the rrcst
sensitiv-e 1=XJ;ulatian with regard to lead toxicity. Young children may
ingest dirt by nonral DD1thi.ng of soiled objects arx1 of their harx1s or by
pica, the direct cOI1SUlrption of dirt. Der1raJ. contact also may be a
p:1tential rOUte of e:sed ':0 contaminated soil to an acceptable dai 1y intake for lead.
The :"esults of the 'Ja.rious ap;:r-:.}.C.":es ar:: s.":=...n in Table 3.
frem aOOut 42 m;!kg to well over l, 000 m;/kg.
They r3!".ge
Concl.usions
Soils ar.d ..waste :!'atS1":'a.!. .3.~ :::: -:::::::d SC:"af: :'aad 3it= ':cmai..'1 :~2.a"::::r:.:.~'
high levels or lead. Lead ~s :.:-~.:.~-1lar~y ~~xic to c.~l.c.ren, a=:~:.::g,
azror.g ot.":er :""lir.gs, :.::e c:!':-::-~ ;1er;"OUS systan and the hE!!1a.to1=XJietic
systE!n. .~':.':ouqh.~ ':..'1r~shc~:: ;;as =een est.3bHshed for ~.::e sever,:
ence~i"'.a2.c::a':.':y as~e:::..'l~ec ...": -:.:: :t::.ch :."-:t:05U:'S to lead, :-o-c -_"".resr.o~c:. has ~~-,
establ:.st.ea fer t.~e .rore SUbt.i.e sUtx:1Wcal neurological effec:ts or :or
effec~3 en :-:a€ SiT.t...':esis. O&:::ause of t.."le o..mcsrtainties '..i ~'1 rega=-:: ~::
assess~~g 3ite-specif:c a~s~e to :ead ~n the signi!icar.~ ~i==er~::2s .-
SUS-07"T; )..,1' ~ ,~.- 1'"0 1'";,e .::>,.;n~"'-'::e :.';:':cr-~ "'<"soc~ at:d '.Jit.~ :;:-=::2"...:.:"-:, -:. ~c.;..:.-
'--:---'-'---1. -. ......v~-- ----_._= - - ~.
qt:ar.t:..:~:.:. -:~ ~r':)ac:t ':0 r:.sk .:S3eS:;:7',er:~ '..ra.s '-'-Sec..
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-12-
Orildren playing regularly at the thited Scrap Lead site or otheNise
having regular contact with cantami.nated soils at the site may be e."qX)Sed
to lead in anctn1ts that cOUld P;:>tentially p;:>se heaJ.th risks. ~essive
expJsure is likely to occur via direct contact and '..mile playing in areas
contaminated by lead dust. 'D1ese conclusions were reac.tled by using t"..'O
c~lerenta.ry approaches:
1.
Ccmparison of soil lead levels r~rted for the t1ni ted Scrap Lead
site with a range of health-based guidelines for levels in soils
that ~d be prOtective of hlm1an health, and
2.
EstiIration of p:tential exp:>sure lev--els to lead aIT'Ong children via
soil contact and SUbsequent cCJrp3rison of these levels with
health-based acceptable daily intakes.
It is J:€lieved tl1.at t.'1e ~roac.h to risk evaluation used provides a
conser;ati ve, but realistic assessment of ~tential heaJ.th risks associated
-..nth :.::e United Scrap Lead site. Depending on site-specific conditions,
guidelines fran 200 to 1,000 mg/kg for lead in soils of residential areas
a:ppea:' to be suitable for protection against e."lace at liSt. durir:g ..-ar=.:.a..ry ':if 1986.
:3c:.':'s 3.:' ~epth (greater t..~ one zc..-ot.) ur.cer t.'1e 'NC3.S-ce pile ',Jill be subjec":
':0 3. ,-::::erent clean-up obje-=:.:';e, since '.."hen ':hese "50ils are covered ~
t..';9r:; ~3 "-0 threat. to the plbli-: 'r:a ct:.r~ ':::~~. These soils ',Jill. ::e
,::e3!:~ to t..'1e EP-toxicit.¥ ';'2.~'..:.9 for lead, = :ig/l. ':he t.h.reat to p.,lbli-:
healt.'1 fran these soils at depil1 arises iran the p:>ssibilit.y that.
ccnt.ami.1aI1'tS may leach to :.~e ~~cr.c::~d.ter, '...t:ere t.."1ey may te ingested by
the local population. If r.c 30:'':5 "Ni:..'1 .!.eac~le lead c::r.ce.T1trat::Jns
greater t.~ 5 m;/l are lei": :'..:.t:..:..re leac..'1i.r:g to t..'1e grcUI".C',.;at.er -,;c'...:.':'c :".::
J:€ p:>ssible.
Sedi..Ine!:t in the near=.- tr::':~.~.:3.:'". :0 !slarLi No. 3 'N.i~': =e cleaned up to
'"'~.ck"""'c'''''''''' I Q--'I 'Q'~='; r '" '; - -, ,,,,,;:') , . ~ ,,("', ''''h "'1-oe ie'l;:>: S ;!1 -1;is t.:-:.l:ut..J.r'
~ ~... .........- --.::U..J. --" ..-.. ..(~ .-: ....,-:. l"\-_._I...4~ u. --.... - ..
are l~~'er ~"'.an 500 -~, ~:;, :.: ~s :':'e.3.I' :..'1.:it mic:-o ar.d. :racr:organisms '...t::.C'.
1i ve in t.!1is sedi.~t are :rcre suscept:.ble to these contaminants.
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-13-
VII .
~~rw CF ]JJ.~~
'!he rrajor objective of the feasibility study (FS) was to evaluate raneclial
alternatives using a cost~ffective approach consistent with the goals and
objectives of c::ERaA as amended by ~.
Based en sc::ee.T'ling ani analysis of raneclial ted'u101ogies, several asse:nbled
renedial alternatives including the no action alternative '..'ere develop:d.
'Ihe following assenbled renedial alternatives represent a range of
rarediation applicable to the USL site. 'n1ey are:
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
cap casings ani Contaminated Soils;
Treat casings ani cap Contaminated Soils;
Treat Casir.gs arrl Offsite Lardfill Contaminated Soils;
T:"eat casings and Contaminated Soils; and
N:> ~ion.
Al :.er:-.ati ve 1: Capping of Contaminated Materials with a RCRA
CC!T'pliant Cap Systan
Alternative 1 provides for the excavation, cansolidation ani grading .
of all on-site materialS contaminated with lead at cancentratians
greater than 500 rrg/kg or failing the EP Toxicity Test. 'Ihese
materials will t.~en be covered utilizing an engineered RCPA c~1iam:
cap systan. 'Ihis systan will consist of three (3) layers: a low
permeability layer, a drainage layer, ani a vegetative layer. '!he low
permeability layer will consist of a 2-fOOt thick clay layer with an
in-place hydraulic coOOuctivity of lxlO-7 an,/sec or less overlain '..rith
a fle.xible mE!11brane liner (FML). 'D1e FML ,....i11 be at least 20 mils in
~'1ick:':ess. ~.bove the EM:. a drainage layer, consisting of rraterials
(sarod) -....it.'1 a hydraulic conductivity of not less than lxlO-2 an,/sec,
'.":i.i ;:e placed to a dept.'1 of J. foot. A geotexti:e liner shall be
:=~=.c=-:i :ver :..'Le drainage mat=rial to act as a filter. 'DUs will
prevent the Clogginq of the drainage layer by fines from the overlyir:g
';~;e':at:.;-e :ayer. 'Ihe fiI'.a.:. :ayer of t..":e ?aA ,~esigned cap '..rill
.::r.sist of at least 2 f~<: of :.~p soil c!::i:ained to as great an e.">Ctent
3.S ;:ossible frc:m uncon'taIt\L-.a.ted. on-site -3:=3S. 'TI"'.is t.op soil c='~'er
'".-il: tl'.en be seeded with;:'3S:5a5 appret:r:ate for ti'.e area.
In aCdi:.ion t.:> these cn-s::.:: ,::nt.3Inir.at2d :!"a:~erials, serre adjacer.t
of:-si te aro:::s :,-rill be ~-:=:::,:-a<::d and nar.c:ed in a :TEI111er cons:.stent
wit.~ t::e on-s:te ::;oi':s. :::-: :;':3.C"; lOC3.t.:.cn and '1O!.\Z!E Ot t.'1e:::-
site soils '"/L:. ;:e -=e<:e~ ~~:=-= ~:! aCdlt.:.cnal sampl:..-;g dur:r.g "~e
renedial des:.gr.. Sedi.T:<:!:t :::cm t.'1e Tributary to Is LarD.~. 3 ...rit11
lead ::::c:nt=J.:'':':::.s a=c--e =::.::2\:g!"~t.:"'.= :cr sediment -,i:':'':' also be
e:-:ca'lC.t:C cr-c ;:=..:::'::--.:. :...-; .~ ~ar.ner c~f1.sistent '..rim :..":e on-sit.e seLs.
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-14-
~ estimated 55,000 CUbic yards of battery casings, 59,000 CUbic yards
of on-site soils containing greater than 500 rrq/kg of lead, an
estilrated 1,600 CUbic yards of soil excavated fran off-site properties
am 400 CUbic yards of seclixrent will be consolidated an:j graded for
placerent of the RCW\ cap. '!he design of this cap will result in sare
addit:or.al on-site areas contaminated with lead at concentrations less
than 500 rrq/kg being incoq:orated under the RCRA cap.
In the construction of the RCRA cap, 27,000 CUbic yards of clay or
other impermeable material will be brought fran off-site. 'Die soils
forming the vege-t-..ative portion of the RCRA cap will be obtained frem
the northern portions of the USL site.'Ihis will require excavation
of ~rox:ima.tely 30,000 CUbic yards of these soils.
r-bni toring of the surface 'Na.ters, air, an:j groundwater '..ri 11 be
performed during the reneclial action. With canpletion of the action,
it is assumed ti".at additiOnal ITDnitoring will be required throughout
the li fetime of t."1e reneclial action to ensure tllat site conditions
nave stabilized. This lTDI1itoring will be limited to grO\.Il'ldw-ater ar.d
surface '..,-ater an:j '..rill be performed on a quarterly basis for the firSt
t;...-o years. 5a1rpling will be CcrDJCted annually for the rana..in.ing ,
assumed 30 year tine period.
The buildings and ot.~er Structures at the site as 'Nell as
miscellaneous debris, drums, trash, concrete, WO
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-15-
Alternative 2:
Treat!rent of Battery Casing Materials with Capping of
contaminated SOi ls
Alternative 2 provides for the excavation and on-site treatment of the
battery casing materials with recovery of by-products and off-site
recycling and/or disp:>sal of residuals. '!he treatment systen '...ill
consist of washing, and through the use of a leaching agent,
separating and recovering the lead, plaStic, and rubber constituents
of these wastes. Where J;XjSSible, a market. for the recovered by-
productS will be identified. '!he residual battery casing material,
after passing the EP Toxicity Test, will be considered non-j"1.azardous
and disp:>sed at a ncn-RC:W\ landfill regulated by the Ohio i:PA if a
recycler cannot be found.
In this alternative the 55,000 cubic yards of battery casir.g :t\3.terial
will be processed through the treatment systan. However, since a
market has not been identified for the rubber constituents it was
asSUITEd in the evaluation process tl1at this material is a "..,aste
requiring disp:>sal. Fran prmous analyses, the rubber and sludge
canponentS in this waste constitutes approximately 85% of the toL.al
volume. en this basis, approximately 46,700 cubic yards of residues .
would require disp:>sal in a IX!1'1-ha.zarCc waste lanifill.
FOllowing t.'1e excavation, treatment, am di.spJsal of the battery
casing materialS, the contamiI1ated soils beneath these wastes will be
gradej and covered with a R:RA carpliant cap as previously discussed
in Alternative 1. All on-site soils cantaining greate::- than 500 rn;!kg
lead or failing t..~e EP Toxicity Test, off-site soils (;m estimated
1 ,600 c-J.bic yarc.s), and de.latered contaminated sediInen~-s (~OO C"..lb ic
yards) -..-ill be ir.corporated under the cap (59,000 c-..lbic:: yards of
soils) - 'D'le exact location and volume of the off-site soils '..-i1.: be
cetermined ":Jy acditional saIr1?ling ~:ng t..'1e remeCial design.
ccnst-~..lCtion of this cap will require t.'1at a.t:cut 1: ,000 cubic yards
=2.:;.::- =~ brought to -=..'1e site f:-':m ~f:-s:.te lOC3.t:cr..3- Soil ::-:Jm
L:':==ntaminated areas at US!. '..,i:: ::Je used ::r :..~e ',-egeta.tise c:Jve:--
~-~s ~~:l require appr~tely 16,000 C"~:= lCI=S of soi:.
0:
'D".e buildings and ot.'1er str-r:*JIes at the si-:e 3.S -..,"eli 3S
miscellaneous debris, drJrnS, tras.'1, C~C:-~te " '../COd, etc. -...il: te
dem:llished, de::::ntamirtateC ar.d diSP'sed c: ,~1: .3. ncn-~ I sar.i ::2.-l"
landf:.ll. To t:::e ~-:-:ent ?=s.:;:..::le :r.etal ....:.:: ::e sol.~ := 3C:-~ ::'.~::;'':'
procsssors.
A :1f?'" '....e1: '....i.:..:. ::::: :::r..st=-_:=-:;c
residencel T!SL 8:::': ~-
as 3. . :ate:- su;:pl.y :c:-
-~-.::;
:.:::...'i:rae':"
When ilT1p1~i::,; :.."'::'5 3.l':e!'!".ati'le, s:.:e e:-air.age f:=::..:.: ,::.e5 '..:.-- ..:~
const.:uCt:C to ::,:'...~!"": r'~-:n ar.d -:= =::l.lec:-t !"Jr.cf: ::-=n -.::e
c:Jntami::a~:d 3i,:s 3Iea5. !';Us irr.-c.::.-~s L-..st3.2.:at:c:-. :!' ,3, ",:. :-,:- --,_._"
f:l:er ::e!:':'s 3r.r, :].5 necessary, t=~.:::'7~t. ':! :.:':e :"'~-::J:'::;a-:=:::-
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-16-
M:Jnitorinq of the surface water, air, anj grourxiwater will be
perfontEd durin; the reratial action. With the c~-ing of the
contaminated soils at the site, it is assumed that additional surface
water anj groun:1water ncnitorin; will be required througho4t the
lifeti1re of the reratial action or until conditions stabilize at the
site. 1his is assuzred to be a 30 year period.
CO!Ti'r9hensi',,-e deed restrietions for the property will be irnpl~.:ed
since waste materials will be left on-site after reren-ial acrion is
canpleted. 'The site ~ll be feoced fOllowing renedial ac:ion.
Pursuant to 5ection ll7(c) of ~, a review' of site conditio~£ ~i:l
be performed. every fi ',,-e years. Based an this review, the rroni tor:.r;.o
program '..,rill be continued, if necessary, or be eliminated. The t:..,.e
to implerern: this al t e.."11at b-e wi 11 be 32 rrcnths.
Alternative 3:
'!'teat:re!1t of .Battery casing Miterial With Off-sit:e
DiSl=OSal of Cantamir1ated SOils
Alternati'le 3 provides for the excavation anj an-site treat.'re!1t of ti'..e
battery casinq material with reej'Clinq and/or off-site disp:>Sal of the
residlJ.es~ 'The residual battery casinq material after passing the EP'
Toxicity test will be ccnsidera:i' ncn-haza.rdcus anj disp:>sed at a non-
RCRA landfill rec;ulated by the (]'lio ~ if a reej'Cler cannot be found.
!n this alternative, the estinated 55,000 CUbiic yards of battery
casinq material will be processed.
TJ1Qse surficial soils contain.i.n:; . lead concentrations greater than 500
m;/kq a!1.d soils at dept..~ under the waste pile failing the EP-t.oxicit~{
t.?st for lead (~5 ,000 cubic ~d..rds) will be excavated, cer..iatered,
solidified. into a CeIe1t matrix (to aeet the La.r.d Dis:;:osa1 Rest=icr.ion
n~irenents) and traI1Sp:Jrted off-site for disp:>sal at. a RCRA
c::r:;:li3I1t :aI1d.fi.:.l. i\fter sol:d.i;ication, t..'1.e volure of t.'1ese sc:..:.s
'.,. -:",-<:r...-A .."" ';"":C-Q::""e by 'O~' ..~..... 50 000 ""'~l'C ,,..,,,...~... :"":.ma.:' t.el.'
--~ -~--~ "-!wi .. -~ -, 1'1..1..61 , "'-~ Ie..;.......;,,) """"-I... --1.
t,,=i:1g c:isp::Jsed. at off-site. Soils at dept.." (great:er ::...n.an l fCOt)
'''::=2:- ~:e ',.-aste ~ile, which ?..ES t..~e E? t=xic: -;~. ":2Sr. ',;il2. :1Ot. r9':;:'..1i.r-:
3,::':..Gi=:'c3.~icn ar.d of:-site ~St:Csal. In ;:;~~~tion, t.":e ROA. :2rC:'::
is as5'~ to be lOC3.ted '..-:. :.."1:n ::0 mi les ':: L"S!:., ar.d a. r:c:-.-:tC~
(sar.i tary) laI1d:fill is 30 rri,lc:s :J-lay,
SOils f=c:n tr..e adjacer..t of: -s:.:.s areas (es'C :..rna.t:ed. 3.t 1, 501~ :.tbic
yards) ar~ tl'..e sed.i.:ne..11t (~C': =:xic y;:irds;, .:s c:efined ::: :;,.:. ~s!":".a7:.:..:es
1 am 2, ',,;Culd be -:e',-;::.ta:-?:: ~-.c ?laced or.-"3:''C; :.n are.~ ::". ',..t~:.:-. :.--:e
s(lils for of:-si':a-:is~sa':' ..;::,!:"~ taken.
Af:.e!' t.~is is -31::::::-:;: ~:...:.....;-:: -::-.e JfI£it; areas ..i':'l te =:-::.:.-;:-:,: '::aC-:': --
grade by :JSi:-.g '::-:2: ::..:.: :.:_'-:::"11 :rcm !.:r.c:r:r.3mir.a.ted ::e.c-:: ::..!"e,~ ~:' -...:~:
US!:. site. These "i!'~~ '..au':;.::. .._'1en be r-evegetated.
~e tt:il~:.:-.,;,s ar.c ,::'!::-.sr st:-.:::<::1r':S?t ':..":e s::.e, as '..;el.':' ::"S'
misc9~':''::''-"=-::..:.s Cebr:..3, cl."1.JI'.3, ::as.'1, ..:::-.c:-ate, '~, e~':., '.: -- --
-------
-17-
denClished, decOntaminated ani di.spJsed at a. ncn-RCRA, (sanitary)
landfill with recovery of scrap metal.
A. ner..r W'ell will be constructed as a water ~ly for the IshIrael
residencelU~ office building.
When ~lerenting this alternative, site drainage facilities -..-ill t:e
constru:ted to divert run-on anj to collect t1..tn:)ff frem the
contamiI1ated site areas. '!his will involve installation of a n£!i/
culvert, filter berms am, as necessary, tre.a.tIrent of the runoff
'.;aters.
r-bni toring of the surface water, air, am grourx1w'ater wi 11 be
~rformed during the renedial action. With the rerovC3.l of tJ'1.e hi<;,t'..l:r"
com.a:minated soils frem the site, it is asSlIlIed t.t~t amitiOnal
Ironitoring will be ~rfomed quarterly for t...~ years. Pursuant to
sec-:ion 121 (c) of ~, five years after this alternati'"e is
~leITe1ted, site cormtions will be revier..wed to determine '...tl.ether or
110t the ITDni toring program shoold be continued.
Since fX) hazarcbus waste will be left a1Site fOllcvirq the rerre:lia.l
action, only minimal deed restrictions will be required. 'n1ese are
necessary because contaminated soils ratain at depth 1:e1eath tl1e clerJ1
fill. Fer.cinq '..rill not be necessary. '!be tine to implement this
a.lternative will be 33 m:n1ths.
A.l ternati ve 4:
Treat:Jre1t of Battery casing M3.teria.ls am contaminated
SOils en-site
~te!":lati.te 4 provides for the e.,,
-------
...-.. - .~
..~.~
.'1-'
~~~, .;.
-. '" ..
. -
... ..'.
- , 4!~ '
. . . .......--,- .
~~~ ._~'._~'~'._~"'-~:. ...:. ",'-~;r ~~':"'~-;-'~;'--h:--""-A'
1 ~'....; ";"'-.,';t: ~ j " -,=.:::..-".,.., ::-"~ ..:.. -;; ~ :-o.-,~pc~~l8-' - ~.: --...' :;.~" - ..
~~~.~- , --:':~~;-~:-'=~~:~- '. -~~1:~~~i~:'~-,~: -. ~~~~~'.':-t~~~,.
~ ~ ~.;.;. ..- '-'.' ."-'''.:>1bese' Soils ~d then -be COVered With clean. fill to b4U1ute ~ of
.~3t2:~-i? "~~~. -~,.~,?-:i~' .~;'.;:..~:. .'.-i;-~:--. ';-~:'~. 7~ " -..~- " ~-
:- .. . . ']he buildings and other stnrtures at tile site as wll as
miscellaneous debris, drtm1s, trash, etn:rete, \oOCXl, etc., will be
. derclished, decant.aminated ard di~ at a. ncn-RC::RA. (sanitary)
~ill- wi th recovery of tile. scrap ~.
,"t'" .. '".....~:. .. ... :' Ir,,".. ..-' '..'::-..-..' '..
'~~~'f; .~-:. ."':~ -'-:-A nev 'toIell will be CCI'1StI1JCted as a. water SlJI:Ply for the I.stInaeI'
... . , residsx:e,IUSI.. office l:1lildin;r. -
. Whs1. ~lEm:!I"!ting this a.lternative, site drainage facilities will be
,. const.ru:ted to diveit run~ an:l to collect rumff fran the "
contaminated site areas. '!his wi 11 involve installaticn of a re.l
culvert, filter benns arxl, as necessary r tredUe11t. of tile rtIIlCff
waters. .
--:;..
Mmftoring of the surface waters, air, an:l gramdwater will be
perfoI'11'B1 durin; tile raIelia.l action.. With the rarcval ard treatIrent
of the highly contaminated soils frcm tile site, it is assurre:i that .
aatitia1a.l surface water' arxl gramdwater' ua1itorin; wi 11 be perforn81
quarterly for tWO years. Pursuant to section 121 (c) of ~, five
- years after this a.lternative is iJrplE!DS1ted, 'site cormtians will be
reviEM:d to determine whether or IDt the DDnitoring ~~LdIIl shalld be
. catt:.i.me:l. Sin:e ro haza.rCcus waste will be left an-site following
the rStEdia.l actiat, cnly m:i.ninaJ. dead restrictions wi 11 be required.
'n1ese are necessary ~;:nt.c:e catt:amintted'soils ranain at depth beneath
the treated soils am V'8geta:r.ive cover (clean fill). Fencing will IX1t
be nece.s.sary. 'me tiIre to i.mplarent this a.lternative. will be. 48
rn.:JI1ths .
Al ten:1ati ve 5:
No k:tion
'!his a.lternative involves ro action "~inq taken at the site and will
leave the site as it exists tOday. .
Since haz.arcbJs wstes are neither treated or rem:M!d, quarterly
I101itorinq of surface water and grournwater will be ~ormed for 30
years.
C~~ehensive' deed restrictions for t.he property will be implemented
sin:e hazardous wastes will be left onsite. 'It1e site will not be
ferx::ed.
!:Q.st.s
'n'1e cost carq:arison of the five altelTdtives is sumrarized in Table 4.
-------
.,
...~ "~-r- :.-..'
..~- ;...
..~.. .'.
-- .
~~ .~"1-., .~ . ~~~;.,-
. ..;~.- .-
- <::;i"~-
..C"~"-'..
_. - ..~... - - ~ -. -
C:~~~:~~~~.~~"~~--8i!g--~%~ ~. .. ~~~- ~-.
-_J...-~ ~~~ ~e=ted .!.~.edy, ~ternative4 - Tr~~~it. of Batterv (";1~incrs ani -"
~ ,~_. _. ~:- ~~ SOils has the fOl:~qma.JOr carp:I11S1tS:. ~- "::":.~ ..
I . Excavatioo am an-si te treatrre1t of ~roxiIrately 55,000 cubic
. yards of battery casings with recyclin; of the recovered lead,
. treatlTJelxt. chenicals, -am PJlypropylene battery casings. Rubber
- . .~~-~ery casings will )::e recycled if a b.rjer can be foum;
. .~.:'7",?-~"- ~.:~se.theY will ~ c1ispJSe:1 of off-site at a ncn-RC:W\
- .- -0 - :' (sanitarY) lanifill. .
-.. ...,--,,=,,,",-
- ~-~....J.
Excavatioo am an-site treatIre1t of dH:JraxiIrately 4S ,000 cubic
.- Yards 'of contaminated (total lead '>500 mg;1cg) ~Surface soils, and
com:.ami.nated (failing EP toXicity for lead) subsurface soils.
Treated soils wi 11 be replaced m-si te am covered with clean
- fill. ~ with the tre4~.eslt. of the battery casings, the recovered
lead am treaU1'lt:lt. chenicals will be recycled.
I - ()Jarterly m:ni torinq of grourx1water durin; inplenentation of the
remedial actial am for bolO years foll~ its caxpletial.
..;~ _a..:. - . . '- - ~~.: . _. --.. ~ 7~ .' ~.
M:nitorin; of surface waters a$ -'necessary dI..1rin1 reae:li at ioo to
~ly with discharge ~rementS.
I - Off-site soilS am sedim:nt fran the 'l'ribItary to Islam NJ. 3
will be excavated am brc:u;ht an-site am mixed with the treated
soilS.
~ new well will be constrUCted for the Ishnael resideOCe/USL
office.
Site drainage facilities will be construCted.
M:iniJnal deed restrictioos will be required on the property.
'D1e 500 ag;1cg total lead clean-up level has been established by the EPF\ for
surficial soilS at the U'1i ted scrap Lead site. 'nUs level has been
established based an the results of the USL Public Health Evaluation, which
ooted the ax: rec.l.oIIue-mtion that blood lead levels in children in a
residential area are foum to increase when tney cane in contaCt with soils
with lead c:ax:entratioos greater than 500-1000 mgjkg. 'nUs level will be
achieved for the surficial soilS. ~l soilS at depth (greater than one
foot under the Haste pile) wi 11 be excavated am treated if further testing
determines that they cD not pass ti'.e EJ? toxicity test for lead. If
acXtitional future Stu:ties on lead-PJisoning by ax: result in a revised
rec.UI'leOOation t11at is significantly different than the 500-1000 mgjkg
level, EPA will evaluate the need for changing the established clean-up
level at the USL site.
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-20-'
In addition to the mjor cOTp::lI'lents defined for the selected raredy at the
Usr.. site, there are. several investigations 'Nhich shcu1d be conducted during
remedial design to better refine a.spect.S of the remedial action. 'n1ey
include:
Further laroratory and p.ilOt-stOOies to be conducted by, or '..;it..'1
oversight fran, the tkUted States &lreau of Mines to Optimize th.e
treat1rent process before fUll scale ~lerrentation.
Mditional soil sanpling at depth including EP toxicity analysis
for lead srould be conducted under the '.waste pi Ie to better
quantify volunes of soil to be treated.
AdditiOnal surficial soil sampling, especially offsite, to better
~ify volunes of soil SUbject to rem:dial action.
Additional sedine1t sarrpHn; in the nearly Ttibutary to Islan:l ~,
3, to better' define volt.mes of sediment SUbject to reredial
action.
---
. .
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-21-
IX.
~ CF 'mF. ~ ~~~ CF 1U~~
Overall Protection of Human Hp..:! 1 th and the Enviruuueut
Alternati'le 4 provides for overall protection of l'n.1man health and the
environment by rercving the cont.amiI1antS fram the battery casings and soil
through treatIren1:. Since the contaminants 'Jill be raroved and recycled,
there 'Jill be no fX)tential future threat. '!he direct contact threat
identified in the Public Health Evaluation will be eliminated.
Alternatives l, 2 ani 3 W'OUld all eliminate the direct contact threat '..,-it..'1
contaminated rredia, but p::>tential future risks could occur if caf."Ping or
landfilling fails to be effective. Protection will not be achieved 1.If'£ler
al ternati ve 5.
come 1 iance 'N'i th MARs
~ requires ~~t rere:lial ac"::ions rreet legally at:Plicable or relevant and
~ropriate requ:irarentS of Other enviLOu.I:::utal laws. '!hese laws include:
the Toxic SUbStanCes control ;act, the safe Drinking Water ;act, the Clean
Air ;act, the Clean Water ;act, the SOlid Waste Di~ ;act (~), and arrf
state environmental law which has rore strin;ent re:tUirerett.s than the
corresp:n:ting federal law.
. AFPlicable requirate1tS are clearuJp standards, standards of conuol, and
other substantive envircuUII:::uLal prOtection requirenern:s, criteria or
limitations prarulgated under Federal or State law that specifically
address a haZardous substanCe, p::>llutant, contaminant, reredial action,
location or Ot.h.er ci!'cumstanCe at a site. A requiremem: is "applicable" i:
the rere:lial action or circumstanCes at the site satisfy all of the
jurisdiCtional prerequisites of the requirerent,
Rel€:',"ar:t a;~ ~ropriate requi!'ementS are ::~ standards, s~andards :Jf
cont=c.:., ar.d O~'1er environrrenta.l protection requirementS, c::i <:eria or
l:'~..i":,.:l,::::r..3 pr':'tTUlgated ur.c.er F~-eral or St3.te ]Z,[ tr.at, ',.;hile not legally
"aJ;:F:':::.:.ble" t~ a hazardDus subStanCe, p::>l:.L;.~ant, contarnir.ant, r9nedial
aCt.ic~, location or Other cir~~tar~e at a 3i<:e, aCdress ~roblems ar
situations sufficiently similar to t:.'1cse e!".c=untered at :he site ti'.at t..~ei=
use is '..-el: suited to that site.
"1\ requirerent that is jucged -::) be rele':ar.~ ar.d ~r8!=r:ate must te
complied with to the same egg-::;.: as ii i-: 'Ner~ applicable. Hc"..;ever, t..~ere
is !T'Cre discretion in this de":=~.a~i,:-~: it is J;X>ssible for only ~ of
a reglirement to be consicler9d ::-el€:',ar.-: ar.d appropriate, the rest being
dismissed if jt:dged 1'.Ct to =~ ~"~':'=.,-::r.:: ar.d ~r:pr:ate in a gi'leI1 :3.Se"
(:nte!":.m Guidance on Ccmpli3I:'':~ '';: --~ ;P9licable or Relevant ar.d .~~::-c?r:at~
, RequirementS, 52 FR 32496, ~.ugus~ 27, 1987).
-------
-22-
.~
Both alternatives 1 an:! 2 will meet RC:RA capping and closure (40 CFR 264)
requiranent.s. t.h:1er these alternatives hazardous wastes (those
characteristic wastes exceecting EI? tax lead analysis of 5.0 rtg/l) will be
left on-site, these requirenents are applicable and therefore are
considered to be AAAR. 'Ihe cap rrust meet SUbtitle C requirenents, that is,
i.IT;:ermeable layer, etc. Since closure will not be clean closure, ,
gro1.II1dwater ITDnitoring requirerents (SUbpart F) will apply.
Under alternatives 3 arD 4 00 hazardous waste will be left on-site after
c~letion of the ranedial action. 'Iherefore RCFA capping and closure
requirenern:s are not appliCable or considered relevant and appropriate.
'n1e 500 rrq/kg level (,...tUc.'1 is equivalent to a 500 I=Pn level) for lead in
the soils is taken fran the 'Atgency for Toxic SUbstances and Disease
Registry (ATSIJR) reccmrended levels in t.'1e case of direct contact by humans
',.;ith t.'1e contaminated soils. ATSDR gives' a range of 500 to 1,000 ppn as a
safe level. 'n1e 500 RE level was chosen in order to assure
protectiveness. It is also the level chosen at Other CERC:!A sites nearby
USL (e. g., Troy Railroad Dep:)t and Arcanum) .
SOils contaminated with lead at or atove the 500 I=PI\ level represent a
health threat. However, soils or casings with SUCh lead levels mayor may
not be a "hazardous 'NaSte" under~. A lead contaminated waste is
hazardous under RCRA only if it exceeds the EP-Toxicity test level for lead
of 5.0 rtg/l. Leads wastes below the EJ?-IIbxici ty level are not "hazardous
waste" urider ~, arD need not be treated as SUCh (e. g., they can be
diSl=Osed of in a oon-hazardous waste landfill). SOils or casings that are
not Rc::RA hazardous wastes may still p::>se a threat to tn.Iman.s if t..~ey e.xceed
t.'1e 500 ;pn level, hc1,.,rever. For this reason, surface soils and casings at
greate=- t.."1an 500 RE (Where direct contact can OCC'JI) will be reroved and
treated.
-
. Soils 3.~ '::ept..~ ,Ntlic."1 fail EP-Toxicity cri'!:eria will also be reroved and
t=-ea~:-=. :::':'5 "..;ill ensure ~'1at leachable l.ead (1. e., t..""~t abo";e EP Tax
1e1;e':'.5 i "N.t':'l !:e rertDved, ar.d t:..'1erefore, "....1.:..: likely :-:at c:::ntamir1a.te t.."1e
groUI"'.d'..Jate=- .
1'reat..'T1E!nt of these soils on-si~e must cree': RCRA Treat:..~T1t, Storage Gr
Dis;:osal requirements and Clean Ai= ::;c: requirerem.s .11':e Shio Solie Naste
Regulations are also AAAR for t..'1i.s ~icn. Waste solids cut of t:.e
treat.'!1E!1'1t systems will be ~3";CSed 'Jf i..."'l .3.C=ordar.ce .....it.'1 :.'1e Ohic ~e'li3ed
Code sections regulating dis!=Csa2. of s'..:cl1 !11aterial.
r11 aCdition, all alterna.t:.,~;:s~'::~ i.-:-;v~'le shor:-':er:n disc:J.arge :: .,'a~~r
11' nto ,.he nearby t..-.; r-'T"-:""'l ..~ - ~ '.':"'~ '",,"1 """=y ""1' 1 1 """erQforc= ""=,.. :.."'e
-.. -~U_~. -~ ---.....- ..'-'.-. ,u.;.- IV -- UJ. - - ""--- ..
technical requiranents of ~e )Ta~::'ofl.al ?ollutant Discharge Eliminat:.on
SysteT\ permit over '...hich t.':e 5::3.':e of Chio has jur:.sdiction. TI:e 3ta::,= sf
Cl:.:c Nater Quality St3I'J:2rds (QAC 3745-1) or BeSt Available Te-:~r-=.!.~i
-=w-. ~ -"""""'?'It'"' "'1' ~ 1 be """1'" for ,-'1' schar""'ec:: to tr.Q - ....il:t:tar'l ~,......€!"-, ~ '.' r- .-
.. -""":.'---- ~,~. ..::8 "'....- .IC'II;;- - -:: - ..- -- . .""""'f:'"~ --.... -
~;is ?OD ir.c :t.:.dES t..':e t3.bles :istiI:g a.:.1. APAR':5 :or t:..'1e l:SL si::"
.""
':"'...
'r
-------
~
-:.. 23-
tonq-Term Effectiveness arx1 Penranerx::e
lUternative 4 provides for the lTDst lonq-term effectiveness and the
greatest degree of permanence through treatment of contaminated media.
Since the contaminants are rercved and recycled the p:>ssibility of future
actions is eliminated. Alternative 4 Utilizes treatment tec.l1nologies '.."hich
permanently rercve the threats due to casings anj soils.
Alternatives l, 2 anj 3 will provide effectiveness as long as cap and
landfi 11 are properly maintained. SiIx:e contaminantS are contained rather
than rercved, the p:>ssibility for future remedial actions at t11e uS!. site
or at the off-site laOOfill site will rarain. Alternative l, 2 anj 3 do
not use treat!rent technologies to rercve contami.nant..s fran the soils.
Alternative 5 (~ k=tion) is neither effective nor permanent.
Reduction of Toxicit.,. rvbbilitv or Volune
Only alternati';e 4 Utilizes treat:rrer!t technologies to significantly reduce
the toxicity anj volune of contam.i.nants in both the battery casings anj th~
soils. COncentrations of lead in both the battery casings anj the soils
will be reduced to belOW' 500 IIg/kg (health based level). SiIx:e the lead in
the soils is significantly reduced, there will be less available to leach
to the groundwater or be carried out by surface runoff. 1Uternatives 2 and
3 util.5.ze treatzrent to reduce the toxicity anj volurre of the battery
casings but not the soils. lUternatives 1 arx1 5 (No k=tion) do not utilize
treatment technologies at all.
5t'.or':-'~erm E:f:~i';eness
L"1 all alter:1ati.'JeS (e:
-------
-24-
Jiiio.
State ~ectance
;.
'Ihe Chio EP1\ has indicated that it acceptS the crosan raredial alternative.
A letter frc:m the Director of the hJercy in:licatinq this SlIRX'rt is
attaChed (Attachrrent D). .
Ccrrmmi tv ~cectance
In general, based on the PJ,blic CClllleulS the ITCst significant concern by
the carrrunity is the cost of the remedial action. '!hey do rot accept lead
as a real threat. People living very close to the site have expressed an
. interest in having the EPA buy their property rather than clean up the
site.
'!he ~ific CUllieIllS. arx1 EPA.' s resp:m.ses are. outlined in the attached.
re5tXJflS i veness surrrrary.
-------
-25-
x.
~.uu.U~\Rr I.:I~CNS
A.
Protecticn of amsn Health and. the EnviIUlJlII::u:t
'D'le selected rem:!dy provides the rrost protective solution overall
because the battery casings and. contaminated soils are being treated ':0
rercve and. recyc:le lead. 'n1e direct contact threat currently
associated \oihich these contaminated ne:tia WOUld be eliminated.
TreatIYEnt \o8UUld be undertaken ons;.te, el:im:inating p:>tential
transpJrtation in:idents \oihich cou.1.d result in waste spills, etc.
Sin:e the contaminants are actually rem:M:d. fran the battery casings
and. soi ls, rather than canta:ined, the p:>tential for future threatS at
the USL site or at an offsite dispJSal site is eliminated.
"Mrj short-term risks associated with treatIrent of the INaSte rraterials
(dust generation) could be minimized by the use of good construction
practices, fabric coverings and. wetting during e.'
-------
-26-
-~
_..:",
C. eost-Effecti veness
'n1e selected remedy provides overall cost~ffectivenes.s because a high
degree of pernanence is achieved at a cost less than that of offsi te
landfilling. Less prOtective containrent options were considered, an:1
are of lower cost, bJ:t the costS associated with long-tenn maintenance
aIXl pJtentially for replaCarett. up:I11 failure, in addition to .
pJtentially pltting };:Oblic health arx:L the enviroulleuL. in future risk
remered than unacc:eptable. Final 1nple!le1tation costS of the selected
remedy may chan;e during the remedial design but are expected to fall
within the range of accuracy expected for the order~f;nagnitude
estimate developed in the FS repJrt.
D.
Utilization of PerITmle!nt Solutions aIXl1Uternative TreatIrent.
Technologies or Resource Recovexy Technologies to the Maxim.1m EXtent
Practicable
'D1e selected remedy provides the best balan::e with respect to the nine
evaluation criteria described previously. TreatmeuL ted1rx:>logies to
recover/recycle lead are utilized to the max:imJm extent practicable bY
treating the battery casings am the soils which have lead
carx:entrations greater than the sp:!Cified action level (500 zrg,lkg) at
the surface aIXl tlx)se which do not pass the EP-toxici t:y test for lead
at depth. 'nUs alternative is furtl1e.r balan:ed with respect to the
nine criteria because a permanent s61ution which utilizes treatIrent
tedu1ologies is being selected, bJ:t it is being at:Plied only to those
materials posing the greatest risk. 'n1e soils at depth will be covered
by the treated soils and clean fill thus providing a barrier bet"..;een
than aI1d the };:Oblic. 'n1e selected rared:y provides for adequate
prOtection of };:Oblic health aIXl the envirOulle~lt, while recovering a
natural resource, lead.
E.
..
Preference for Treatmetlt as a Prin:ipaJ. Elerent
'D1e principal threats at the site, direct contact with and/or ingestion
of contaminated IrI3dia will be permane1tly eliminated by the use of
trea.Ur.enL by washing with fluosilicic: acid. TreaUl'Jt::ut with resource
recovery is the principal elerent of the selected renedy.
-------
..
.....
.......,.... - ::
'-
.:
. ',~ ""P.' tm'l'm ~ lZJ'D ".. ~~, ,~..-.
5a9WtY OF .mrAL tDD ~TIaG IN SOILS
.~~.~~~.~-r~~f~)2.'.
. . .. ~_." ..............-~~_._-
. - ;"-='~'. ~.~. --..:' "..." --=~.' . ,.": - :-:;-":;~'. .
'- -."
. ""'-
"-.'
:..
'- --
-~.'-~~
k~ "7. _.- --~:'-"-_--:
~' '"
'f-l;.;..: ~Borinas LOcation
. - '~''''-:-.M':'~ SI.23" ~'
. - '..
-~-Deoth
-
-.-,:,,_,,'...r.~sconcentratians -(mqi1tq) ~"'-'~-"'J.. .~ .J.. ~'-
- - ~ l.....,.:~"","":)to..J~
-
..
rive root
.
- 40 .' ,47 , 800
,- .-
-_.
.201 18,600
56 '.~5_3
597
-. ...-... _.
~
...
Soil Interface
. '.
....
12,000
One Feot
918
.;
. '-~~'~7 . '~~:AJ~~~'-'
---:. - .. . .:- ........ "''''''-...'' .':, - ~ -
.:5: ~::. , " .._~"':'.- ~ :;~;~;;~ ~-~ ,~ . .
. ""~"'~~.' '~-~:'~~.'1Ia ~......
571
.-
~ -. ;.Ten root
:..I.-~
~ ;-~~,:;"':~
"..or.. -."--
-- ..
..~::.:...- -.
~-~.~.
"...
.--- .
-'~-- .
.~_.
=.: ..";"',:'-
. ~.. '~r~~~:.:._-
----~. ~""";~...J:.;.
-
.. -... ~..~:7'.
:.."~..'7
-:- .:-~ '.~'
..~~,. .-
-
. ... .'.'" -
--'
-.. ..
..
-
. _.:
.
- .
-
- ~-:
.
..
.'
Ce;~~s below int~~~ace of bot~=m of wastes and unde~lying soils.
-------
. .."- -:' '~~u;c~~~;1tr:..
~ ~.~,;. ~ or -~ CBDIICAL OIAMC'l'!:R.ISTICS
~" -:. ~ ~~~~~.:~-~.::~~" . .~~~ft:~:::~~--:.~~_. ..: .~. --
. ..... - -' .: ~ ''''''-~ ''''''~~~'.,.''' ,,,,.~~'~.---..7,~~"~-' ,,,",,-"." .' ...
~ .~ -. :':~.:::: . .--: . '-~.'-' -. ---..:v - ~.. :":.:l~- ~. ~.. -::-. ... ':;..:;.~-~. .;e ~~ :~.. .~.: ~~,.~~~. .'
~...;';-.._.01emi or;':...: . . .oC eonstituen~
. .Ii..- I '''' -"'. .~ :,... . p' ~ .. - . -
;~ ". Constituent ~-_--:~ ~" ~. :>'"'- -- (mq/ka) .
-.-:---' -"~'===....~' ~
-," -. .~:- -..."
.~...'~ ~--=~
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Ber:yllium
Cadmi um
Calcium
O1rOlllium
~~:!-.. ";';'Cabalt
""~':""r. --..~..",-=,
. -:;:~r
~ron
tead
7::J'Iac;nes i um
::-.:.~c;anese
:-..Jlferc:ur:y
Nideel
Potassium
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Thallium
1'::':1
Var".adi '.m\
C"lar:.::. ce
.
~... .
--:'- -
~~,
.~~.
..~,;~.."
., .
Zinc
Sul:at:.e
~ .'
.'
. '-
""..:' . ~ . .:-:..
. -...... -::,:
..,. -~
--...:.",;.
.~;e
. -,.'1-:;.1
~.- ~.
,.
"
.;# .-if"""~: I
.... -........
-~.'?!:-~.
--~c.~~ "";"~~~_i..-_...~....., --.;~..:... -'-~~. ~.~~
...; .. ~ 916-3,720 -::- '- -.- .~- . .,--. ...
N.C.V .. .-
21-444
51-198
N.D.-3.4:'/
. N.D.-6.7
... .'. 21,0000-75,900
-. .. ..~ _....,H.D.-39
.-i'~~.D.-6.2
.: ~~ .. ...;;. H.D.-122
. ~---:;" . ~::-r...: 3, 770-20 , 600
J;" -. .. .1 -.- .42-377 ,000
. . ~-i., .::~ ~- 4,360-52, 900
=..A\:_~ :.~~-:.. ".57-270 . :."
H.D.-o.33
N.D.-8.6
N.D.-l,780
N.D.
N.tr.-8.4
522-9,740
N.D
N.D.-30
N.D.-63
N.D
Si-eS
340-1,800
, -
_. ..
- "
-
-'- .
..~~"'::~
.
'_._"0'
~.
...
.;st:;: .
~:.~:."::"!=.~~~-i--.
.. . .. --- ".-.
.~ --
.. ... --
. - -. "'~~:"~
. ..~. " .~-
-:.:~-= .~_.
..~~~:'
---
...~-....--
. - -.:..
..
.~~-
_. _:-~~-..~
r'~"",. '-4IIji>
~<:'-!
..
_.~--
-.. ~::1 .>.
--:---1
-.. -
" -.
."
N.C. - tndicates that a value '~s not cal~~at:.ed for ~~s pa~ame~er
s~r.c~ the mat=ix spike re~1:=3t! was not wi~n quali:1 cont:~l l:mi:s.
!n ~~is ir.s:anc~, the const~~~ent is likely to be present but:. ~~e
c:nc~nt=ation is unknown.
:"
N.:).
- ~.:: Cetgcted
-------
-.----""'--. ~.~-
~. _. - - - ~. 6'
.".!" .
- -.
'.' --::~.~ T.~ ,.~'.. '~~:;,~.~'",~1:~"?~7:.:r=~~~:~' ~~~~;~'~~2~~.;"~:~~~~.~:~--:( ~~-:~~~.~' - ~
- J!:S'1"IMm) QJIDfUNE I.EVELS rat ~ i:N SOIL "-;...'-':.~::.- .~:: '. :-. . '. '....-
"";~~ ' ....,~::;-. :'_-::-~~~-~'.:...:~~~~~.~'~~-.;.- ~"'.'-""u
.':'.,~ 7. - . " ,. .~ .::; ~ ..~~~:.;~~-~: ~'-.:-':'~~4:::-':-_~~ ,. .:. "--..;:~r",;t:.~"'1::'"_.:.-:..'~_.. ...,-~-'.'..
.,-~ - ...-~ ~->O-'~~~~~~~;'~'~~~~~~~t!.~.._,~~.-
. _.....~...~ ._,. ..- ... "'-".:r.- .~~~~~_oo:..---~~-_..... . . '--..-C'
~.r~.:.::... . ". .:~"~'.:...'.. -.. '.~ -~:iIIi;-~-..~~~-.--.~!,:,~"'.,~ -. - ~.
-- ,Source of Estimate ~~. Level (mg/Rq) :;7~ - --:.r:.~:,o--f\ts" -~ .,:'. .-
... .""":'..-.. .. . .
~...~.
. uni ted Kingdcm
Directorate of the
Environment (Smith 1981)
.~.
.--~-.-.
..~ '".:----- --,;
. ". -
~. ~
~...,-....
~~.j". ?; ~"
550
-
For residential areas
--
-'.~,\-.
-. ~.
." ..0.._-
~~
- ."-
.......:-
- .'.
.. -
..
-..
- .
Vernon BouJc (as cited in
~elke et ale 1984)
'300-400
'-
-
-a-:.A.'.
...
.' ,
. .
.-... :.....:. . ........:~ ..:~ .. :.- ~ ;: - ...- ... . . .7;"" ..... -.
:oo;;:'~.~ac (1985) :.. :~.!~~1.0~~';'_--~lS,jt which blood le~- . ,...-~-.; ;';;:.--
""-~~' " -. . -.- ~ . ~..-- - 5levels Will increase"- -- ~~......--=.!C_~..,
::.""., ....::cr-~-- . ~-:-~.::-..'"". . '.. .:.~~.......,...... - -:." .. ;'..- .- ~_..~- .
,~ -,,-~~ ;- . -:"!.. ---. ~ -:........"....,..-,:2~.. ..- "~-' .....-
. ,-,~ \ --. ."'.".'-J.'" .'~.."- ~ . "
" --~Yankel et al. (l977) - ~l,OOO ""'-=-"~......-';"~-~';;~:':', .." ~ ..-,-".,,--',,:
: ::,~:..~,..t~ ~t. based on .:- --:~~'80o-10. 000 '~'T~~;""';l~ of ;;latici1ship . J..~.. - -'-- .....
'-.":..:'ccrrelation bet-.leen soil ._. -.:'~betwin blood lead and soil -_2:..~_.--
" -.-lead and blood lead levels' . '..'. 'lead levels ranqes from 0.6 .-..'
in EPA (1984a) . - to 7.6 uq/dl per 1,000 mqjKq ~.~
..... ... ..
_. -... ..-
~
~~
ga.
-=;
~
,. ..
,;.... ,
:.-
~.
Estimate base-j on
Galla~~e: e~ ale (1984)
1,400
Slope of'4~5 uq/dl 'per 1,000
Inq/kq
-' ~--~ -
.~ .".--
Es:i:r.at~ :ased on ADI
apprcac:,
42-100
Reasor-able worst-case
estimate 1/1 see pgs. 27 and
.28 of 32
210-500
t. t 1/
Ave raq~ase es lJlla e - ~ S~
pgs. 27 and 28 of 32
.:. The lower ana uppe~ values Ot tne range presen~ed are cased on AD!' 5
c:e'/elo;:ed frc:m re-::z=endations of t.~e US~ (1. e., 50 uq/dl and t.~e USC::A
(:.~-. 21 u9lday), respectively-
.'
. ... ... ~, ... "'"'
':'':-:'..~, '.-
-------
~iAB-;r4~:;:.-:~'::~ . . -"~~;: '.:::-:..-... ,~~:~~~: ;":=~:' :';-~: ~~::;~~.;..~::".:.
-SUMAa'( OF AlTEHATI1ES - cnST CClI'ARISIDI :~':.~.. ~-~q if......; !Z~~~..:?'-:~'=~: ',;' ::' .-.' . -,,-
~J.'. ""~~ ~.. ',~ -:;~,~',~.:~4~:~,~..1-,-:.:~;r;,~~'~==:-,~~~::::.:.~~~~. - ' . -'~' '
r=-j41!Y~~Q,t~~~~~~'.'~::.~ij~~i~~~
. --:- '"--'.''' ~ '" ~~. ""AINTEMMCE CDST~10 t) .' .',' .
~~G'~~ "~. ~: -~' :. '. - --- : " " ~~ .~: .'.'
. . . &
. ...."'i!o--."-, -..;. "~-'-'"
~-.-c'f'" .~: .,
-- ....., --
, .1 RW CAPP [IIi
~ , lk~iii"'jSOOI9/k;
" .. - BittH", cuin;s
... :OHsitl gails
: , . ~,~,OOO ~ "~"-~- . ~SllBJ..ooO t
.. a_, -....:; ..~.- ~ .."r"~..1J'" ~."' .. - .
. . .' . .- - .
I .
. . .
-; .: .. ...,-~.
.
r
SlB,~97,OOO :
.
.
~ ~
-,
,~
. Z OJHITi TREM i1I£ltT
. btbry Cuingl
RCRA CAPP.III&
.....: ::'::'SoiI~~q"/t; '. :
~~l!J~~in;' ,. It :
-. ;,..rd.,th .!L,,' , :
. ':,- '~Offtih' Hils -
--,~;:,
.~,I OIHITE TREAnor
-. ---. -.. .. .
.. '~~tt.,.., Cuin;,
.~ -SOOlq/kq
Soils bile. cisings , ft :
death
saIL CAi'P [!f6
QHsih soils
~
: $laZ, 000 :
. .
.. .
.
".. '.~~-.:::" . ,
, r
.-.. ... ............. -. .
"'~~~r
-,_r.'~~~
. :~:; ~..: ..~.:
., '"!J\ 111;;0: :;,.w'~
.~.."
-
.
, .
, ., '-, .
- ..;' '::: .:-:: .:
.....;.~~-.
- '~:'.-;....;.~..;... .
...eo: "-- .
-...- .
.:or"".:,~.'r
: -...-.':"';' :.... :
~;::~:-: - :
. ----1 000 .
'. ::-"1~'" , .
-.~"'-:..:...,
.. , =-,,:-_:-~I
-.- r
- ' .
f30,'19,OOO :
_..
.
.
.
, .
.
. . ~ .:"
.'
4 OH~ I rr: T'R ~ 111£.1t T
ht~2r., Casings
Soils >SOOlCJ/kq
SOIls bllow clSinfS 5 ft :
aRllth
SOIL C~PP~~6
OH1i. t! ioils
Tr!it!G 'Qll re5i~ulS
S~l,OCJO,OOO :
~,ooo :
I .
I
s ~ :.t7:0N
so:
S45,0/)0 :
---------------------: ._--------: -------:
~ ......., ..... ........ -
-00 ....- ,,~.
I:di
h...
.- '-
.~-~~.w~~~.-- ~.~ '~.Y~~ r- -',
--'.0 -- .. - .
.. '
--=
-., -.":' - ,.
,- .
- '
- '-
~ --
S16,m,ooo :
.
..
o
.
~
..
r
.'. ...--- .
':~i~~~~;"'-.9:-
-~:,~~.~C~ .. - . :
.
~':,...;~:r.~~.;:~:.~. ;~,7 "7
..- .....-';~-" ,-.-:.-,
_~s2i,070',OOOt -.
.- ..::...."... . ".' -f _.
~~~~~~,:~ ~~ ::.
. .-..-- . r
".- .-. ,
-
,.:.....::: -:-~ .
. --: --'
..'.-.:-"\...-
.-
, -.
~.~. .
." - .-.
r'da, 924,000 :
I
. -' -.. -. 0
.,
I
~iv,:j\j:.J :
____I
,
-------
.,,,,",'"
~i~
,
.. ".....".; , . '1' ",~,'II.I.., ;"'I~t,.~~,I.~ ,~ ..~" l ~~
,".II."u. A.' CO.SOI '8111111 01 ..IIfI' "''''''5 All. SilLS .1111 U" 511'8". IIIAI '" "'.., ItU Cllftl"" 01, lRln ifni" .Ill ' , ,", ~ . on:,-- ,
1 ,IN:'.. lUlU Ob'lt /I" lU~IUI ./IN LA!', " '" Jt 1JJ 1, "..', Date'"..klqu8 !.,
, . ,'1' :.t ,I; , ,,iff'..:~ ': . . '~. :-1' ~;,. "I paC)814!i of 49
Il¥lhA~11 UIIIII filS. flllll'OJjlll1 :U!'IIAl/[IIIISUUUlDII:&MIIUAl ornAIIIIi WI '1(5(11l1li8111 (UI . '..1111111 CGlI "".1188111 can I ;., 'I ,~. l- . )\' ,
- . n.' -... -... :..... .l~~~w_--- ...::_-~~~~~~~~-~~~-:-------~-~~-~~_.----:._~~.~.:.~~~.~~_n_-:.~I~8f~~~::~'~~..~'~ ~"Ic ;~;, III
I .. I,a II kl I ~~III~~ , ~UII S : I : I, I. . I - [..h.I..... ..11 'St,'" c..ac ,,,.. ~
I.. ...11'". ..,,,,,,lu.II.1I : 1I."",iloo I It,~OO . I",~n I : 11",118 1 -' nn,lU I - (....,I..... I,...... ... I.ac ,II", "
."J h, h' I.,. : 1 . I 1 . I 011..1. ...11 t I'" 1..lc ,II" r
i - " )uh S I I I I ' , .
I.. ...11"., "",,ull'.II08. I II.,'" I I I I - '.1 I.eld,. 111,'1&1_, I..,,,, ,,'
"I "II','" h." IIllu kfU I I I I ,..,.&8u,u.1 u,. .... SI ""1, .
..~ ...J ,,,1....11.... ul I I I' 1 I ,! '
..1,,,10 .-......... .,... 1 I I ,I I ~f .~ " - \' ,~~ ':;
~." ~III,.;.,1 ..Im, 51111111151 I I I I' , " ,\. ?;.ii.~'(f~
::::.;~~i:::~:~:~k:'~.~ - : m,'" : : : -~": .. ,~,~ . :~ I.d.. -1.~lt~ '~;i L'LtL
b""",.IIIIIII,"",II08' liS,'" I ISIII I ",118 .' .~' 1 - "1116 I: r ': 1II.ltll'" bll.'" II ,.". ......, ,. ....1.1 k, .
n,,,,''101l81 . 1- . I - J' If' ,- I;\~~I t' I .~. :~' ~: If'&~'1
III~I~I"" I I lIS,," I 111,1111 '~ \f:I2S,"IIrd.~-"': lU.ft8...."..I,l'. . j':I:I\"il'~
~..IIII"" 1 I II,~ I IIJ,ttS I 1- -,; ,m,lIl I,,:t',t- UI,* 1.....11, . .: -\' .I ~I':-~r'" ",'
1".....1 III l,tdw.1 I un,'" I 1 I I '.~ ,I,! I - 'J' I ,', -'1'1 ',-': ,: -::" }- ,
,,~ ~huIUIUII~lh I I I' I - I .~, ., ,r ! '~-:~ I
"....11 ,,,.,1..(11l1li n,~DO I . I I ,. ,'I..I...u flh. t:', 'j If;"I:'~ hl~t~~,
n"",I,,,.., I I I I ';'., I," '''''''111' I. ,,"I': '_;I~)I., -~.
1 tnll "~,, I .n,200 1 IIS,m '. :' ~~ I",M' It:. i;)' , "1.'.''''''111, ~. - ~. j.I '~~'k,.\i'tl '.
w..1 ~, ,.... 1 I ",101 1 nt,SM I ~ -'f 'f~' ""I", I, ~ '~I 1I1I.lft ,.....11, ;-: ,,! t ~ 'i~'
:.,IIIIII~lIllaLllllltS AlII 1 1 I I'~~'t:. 1~'-1' 1_. 1 ~~:~ . I - ~ " t.. ',.; :l',~ .
"I~kl~ I I I I, ~!: ~IJ,11 :"'~ 111 I' ,-I ".,I;.I,:,~,' 1'~1-f.
bUlllr"..., ... all..I. I nl,IC/O I I ' I., : ~ ,~.: ~ ,.,1 f ~ ' I ': . :I'.~ h:-\';,'n;, I
.,,~.ul 1 1 I I ,'-,:'!II. " Ii ' I", - .'.- ,,;I:.-;j :,~~~
ul 1II~llIUIIIIII AIID '''tOIl I I I 1 - . 'f~ . ~ \ :, . : I , ." j:~ I : -l'~"il' '~~I -,' ~,
UWIIIIS . I 1 ,I 'I' 0\' ll', .: - 1 " ;, ,f':- ,~ft" J
SII. Dllu", fe.UI, I 81»,'" 1 I I, - ~ I' ,I -, .:" " . .. : I ',' r :' '-- jilJi' '; :~,
~.IIIAI."""1III fUlhU..,1 . I ", ~.~ :' I W' - , I', '\- .' '/:. j.'J$lJ 'j.t I~ - J
ko"..." UIIIIII.. I 1 I I ", J; ,~; 'I' I ~ I I h ';' -'i~ ~ j: i; )
It.. "'~1 Ii'" . ',f':"
---~~~.~~~~~~~~~---.._..u---:-_._.---._._---__---:--_n---.._--._-----:-~.:.-------Lr-:-~j-':'L:~~.__-: it-: ,; -~ J" - ~m~' ):: . , . ~ I .
I ,- ,~ t - ' 1 ~ ' j ,'-
- SU..IOIAl I 1.,11t,1oo I '~I,too I tn. ,In I j Im,ns I ': 1,.. ISIt,UI. I.., -:-'- t"i ,,-};' 'I! J, 4 ,'- ,.I,~! 'I,,'
II6AI IIIS.l/fIllUS.' tnlm . nao,u" - I I. I -, - 1 IIW'url1"" . ','. Ii/..:th" ;It" , I ~ ,~" '"
III~'IIIIS, ~OIlO~ I 8I1,m ; I I, -' I ,} I 1IIf'WIlIL/UlilI. I. If: ' i I I -" ~:;
IlIbllltllllll6 AlII ...,I,SIUIIVU 1110,"11 I . I - I II~ ': .. I ..~ : I sa . UfU.,CGIIII;,I, ::', - ,~'.' II~ ,~
SWlIIiIAi I n...s,ml 1~I,tOI I 115'.lnl :! mJ,tSJ I ,J",! ' ISIt.SJS I " ~ :',' , ". -1- t
~~~~~:~~~~ I~ I Qf S~IIDIAl: :::~:~~ : '. lI,m : 18:~::~~I: ' 18::~:::':' :',- '- ,,:::::::1: II I : ~. [~~~ ~~IP." I.II~ rii I:-~' ~ '
lulAl ; 1~.I&:a.llot I lU,n~ I 8I~',m I n","1 I I I n»,11t ,.11..., II'" ..~ I.d.... .. ,II' .f u'II"fl_II~~1. ~ ~ ~
Sl~~- ~~~I_~~ ~~~. - -- - -- ---- - ---: -'.. -- _w--- ~~~~~~.:-..-------_._-------:._---------~~~~~~.:.._-_..l--~~~:~~~,:~'*--,-~~~~:~~.:~~:-::::.::,~":~:~~~;~::: ::::1:' ,:.:~~. rtf,- !'; ". : -: :~ '~
1 I I - I .! P . I, - !tllll."",." D'. hI II' IIU""., II' ..1"'" c.... .; -, 1. '..
,,,. m~.. ... to u u u u u: u u u u u u w: w UTA.6L~..~~~~~!~~.:~...~~!'~~~~~~.:..:~.~~:~~~~~~.:1 " I,', ..:;,If: f " '
. !:, ~' ,.:: ',. J 1}
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l
f;
IUIIli tars.." "1111111
-------------..
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" - --.- -- ~. ~ -"~ . - r -... . ~
. '--~~NA'IVI'- -' , .'~:,< J."\ :,r~il I '~::.' ~t:. ':,~~;I4t:~~\ q
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I.~~ ~um AI ) ItIlIlUtDIIli I' IIII[ l(VHS 1111.'11/1511( IISPOSIL 11/ All ..161.111 IflllUo\ll" 1111 11II1II&1IM, u.' } ':i'~t I. 'f L , Page 4, of 49
bUIlAkI( Ullill [051 £0"l1li(111 :UPIIM/CQlSlkUCIIOII:UIIIIM "flAlIlI& W' '1(5f~11III11I CIIII fIE..,'....1 £II'''I;f:~11III11I [1111." ~:~l(illi.~*I~..~\.:~.~ ~fI "
, .,_.._.._.._..---~.-----~~~~.u--..---::..~~~~~~~~-~~~~.:._.----~-~~-~~._-:- . ~. I S II ,~:~~~~~_..--:::::r.~::'.I~I'! :::',:::~~::::
I." Inlll h1 IASIM~~: I I I :, '}~~" ',' ,f' '... " ! ; .[..1111..... ....... ... ."" .,.... t.
I...,.."... ."J ."~III : III.J",IIOO' ID ~ I, ,-::),I,~~t,. 1 'I,! ,.IIIIIt. ..U., '~ I'" e"le ,ar.,:
,........I,u'h... II..,D..I . I , I \"," I ..I I,' I ,,' .t
... .." .... : I I I" : I, I ',' I: I : ':,'
'J.O IIIIIli.IIlMa1i1 SOilS: I : I' I '~ I I" i! ',' ::~',:,' ,
1o""',uOl. ~..II..hut... I ",SU,"'I I I I, ' I (, , ',';'':'1.\''11;''''
."J OI,'"1e .I,~..~d IMIMIII . I I I , I "~., '!' ' , I~~~IIJ" ~1
, :\/ ' " i " ~
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~,..I.'II" ulh .d ,..., I "",008 I "."1 I I...S" I IU,UI I ' IIIS,UII'" 1IIIiIn I...., ..1",I"'r ,,",
~I .J.~, .d D"" tl I II:':'.SIIII I I I I , ~ '''''''1.' .. U, I. ,. ,.ar, ~;-:, ;
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u,..dt. ... ~1~ld l1li,,11: I I 1 1 - I', : ,~~ \ t ,~'I::' \ 1:''-,
h..lu..IICII III "II. I 1.,00 I I ,I 1 ' , Ii. 'II ' "~' i.." ~""
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- ,Valdu8 V. Adamkus
R8qional Adminiatrator
. '. --'.'" :-~ ?~. S. JPA, Region V
'-"-'- '::&;-" 30 S. Dearborn Ave.
Chicaqo, Il 60604
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S_ept_~er 30,' 1980
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Dear Mr. AdamkU8;
This correspondence is to intorm you tl1at' 6h~o !PA ~;"-vi~d
the Record of Decision propoaed by o. S. ZPA concernJ.ng the t1nJ. tea
Scrap Lead site near Troy, Ohio. Uter weighing the reme<1.ial
alternatives proposed in the ROD, Ohio UA Concur. that the
remedy aelected, Alternative 4, meet. the criteria for remedies'
required by SARA. -~.' .,
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As stated in the ROC, we a150 concur that 1£ new scientit.ic
8tu<:Ues reveal that concen1:rations of lead in 8urficial sl,il.
should be 1es8 than 500 mq/kg to be protective, thia ROC 'nll be
re-8valuated to consider the new evidence and assure that the
selected remedy remains pro~eCtive of human health.
Richard L. Shank, Ph. D.
Director, Ohio !n~i:or~ental Protec~ion Agency
cc: Cavic St=ayer, C~" CO
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~ited Scr-apt: act'.r
rea6ibility Study
Section: .. ~',
Revi6ion No. z'U '1.,11 r
Date: AU9u8tr5,.~1988
Page 11, of ,49, \t~R~:,'
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to tb. tubutary to "hnd 110. ,~.,' i1 "~,~' I h :",
)t t:- 11,-' V\t., ,It(}1
"pplieablo to all altornativoa o.copt ~,' 1 1 I 'i'.I.'... pof4'1
lIo'Actioa .aaco all altarnatavo. c:on- I "\"',
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ponoat tbat ro.ulta in a"luont diu:I....". '~M 0" "\~
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lilt ted Scrap 8d~ I,
reas!bility Study
Section:, "',~ h: i
Revision, No. :,ILii'l,r.i !'.
Date: August¥S."1988
Page 38 of 49' "
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Public cOlllDents on the reasibili ty Study (rs) bport and the proposed plan
for the t1nit;ed Scrap Lead site were received by the u.s. EPA at a public
-~~tingOii"1Wgust 15, 1988 and through written documents received by the
u.s. EPA at the Re9ion V Chicago office between August 8, 1988 and
August 29, 1988. This Responsiveness SUmmary addresses these comments.
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Public cClllDents on the uni ted Scrap Lead Si te rs and proposed plan fall
into the following major categories:
. .
... A.
CClllDents on the Remedial Investiqation"lFeasibili ty Study (RI/!'S)
~P?t:ta, . ':. - ..~~~H
...
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B.
Public health risks, both present and future,
. -"-'- .....-.
Remedial ac:tion costs,
.-
C.
.. - .. '-
- . - -- .---
D.
Proposed alternative remedial ac:tia'\,.
Le4;al issues reqarding specific provisions of CERa.A,ISARA.
-
. -
E.
. -
Comments and the U.S. EPA responses as provided in the following are
organized according to these categories.
.-'
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16607/08
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a .a ---
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camNl'S CIf mE RI/!'S ~J.'S
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Comnent. The FS issued by EPA for the site is inconsistent with CDCLA,
the Nef, £PA's own internal guidance documents, and contains numerous
fundamental flaws in its methodology. (Coument by .L. EUngeneach, Counsel
for the USL PRP Group.)
U, S. EPA Resconse, The rs '..rc!S conducted consistent wi th CERCLA and SARA,
and to the extent practicable, consistent wi th the NCP. The same cost-
effective screening analysis r~ired in the NCP was conducted utilizing
several Agency guidances which incorporate language in SARA into the
evaluation. Since SARA supersedes the NCP, utilizing these guidances was a
more current'way to conduct the rs. These guidances include: EPA Directive
Number 9355.0-19 "Interim Guidance on Sucerfund Selection of Re It, dated
December 24, 1986; EPA Dlrectlve Number ,. , Interlm Gul ce on
Comcliance wi th Act)licable or ~ele'/ant and Acpropriate ReQUirements", dated
July 9, 1987; and EPA DHect:.ve Numcer 93S5.~-2l, "Additional Interim
Guidance for r"{' 87 Records of :Jecision", dated July 24, 1987.
Comment. The RI failed to evaluate ~~e likelihood of future releases and
assoClated public health risk of subsurface contaminated soils remaining
onsite. (Comment by L. EUngenbac~, Counsel for the USL PRP Group.)
U.S. EPA Response. The Public Health EValuation as presented in the RI is
consldered as the baseline conditions as they presently exist. The
evaluation wpuld therefore reflect the risks associated with future
conditions under ~~e NO-Ac~i:n sce~~ric, The risks posed by the
contaminated soils at the site as evaluated in the RI are not considered to
be diminisr.ed under future condi tions wi thout remediation efforts at the
site. The alternatives as proposed in the rs would mitigate these risks as
identified with prcper implementati:n of the alternatives.
--
~~nt. Seven remedial tec~oloqles that '~re evaluated in Section 2 of
~'e FS received re~ecticn :rcm ~~r~~er consideration without documentation,
~r. '/iola,:i:n ct ~~e ~. ',::''!:nen':":J:'. R':':lgenbach, Counsel for t.~e USL
~ ::;,=up. ).,
u. S, EPA Rvsccnse. All .:f ':..~.: ~::i :ial t'e!!'.!!dial technoloaies '~re sc:-e~med
~r:~g t.,e ~ar~y St3ges ~t ~~~ :~aslcl:ity s~~dy prcc~ss':or site specific
~;;li=3bili~. The justl:::~~:~r. ==r thei: ~ejection ~r acceptance for
fur~er consideration are :ist~ i~ :acles 2-2 and 2-3 of the USL rs
:!p:r:.
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volume of the contaminated media actually increase by 10 percent. This is
inc~nsistent with contaminated media volume reduction preferred in Section
121 of SMA.
Comment. There ar~ no data to su~r~ the implied contention that lead in
~~e Sl:e soils will migrate. The data in the RI demonstrate that future
migra~ion of lead under a property const:ucted and maintained cap, 'Nhich
prevents leachate formation, '~uld be a remote possibility. (Comment by L.
Ringenbach, Counsel for the USL PRP Group.)
U.S. ErA Response. Risks associated ,~th the possibility of cap failure,
even 1£ the cap lS properly maintained is greater than that of treatment to
remove contaminants from the site. Removal of the contaminants from the
soils and batte~ casings provides for a more pe~ent remedy given its
long-~e~ ~ffectiveness.
C~nt. The eS inserts additional criteria that are not required by the
NCP at this stage, su~~ as short-and long-te~ 9rotectiveness;
significantly and pe~ently reducing ~~e toxicity, mobility or volume of
hazardous ccnstituents; availability of technologies; technical and
institutional ability to monitor, maintain, and replace technologies over
time; and the administrative feasibility,of implementing the alternative.
(CClllDents by L. Rinqenbach, Counsel for the USL PRP Group. )
u. S. ::?~ ~es~nse. All of the above lis,=gd c:!i teria are included in ErA
DuectlVe ~r 9355.0-21, "Additional Interim Guidance for F'i87 RODs"
dated July 24, 1987. The criteria were establlshed to reflect the changes
as defined in SMA. Since SMA and its provisions supersede those of the
Ncr, ~'Mhere inc:nsistent) it was apprcpriate to use the above-mentioned
C::,':2:::.a '..men e',aluating alte::1ati'Jes.
C=mment. Unde: ~~e c~st prong ~f ~~e NC? analysis, "an alternative that
far ~:o:=eeds the ,::St ~f other al:e!:~3t:..!eS ~val.'.Jated and that does no~
pr~J::e 5Ub~tantial~1 greate!: ~::.c ~eal:h or ~nvi:onment3l protection or
tec~~i~al reliaei:ity sr411 us~~:: ;e ~xcl~~ f:cm furthe: ccnside:~-
t:.cn." ~O C.!".R. Part 300.68(q;'!,:':'. ~is ~:i:ic3l step, omi:,:ed f:cm ':.."e
ini~:3~ sc:~eni~g, would ha"~ ~::~~at~ ~~e :~~csilicic ':echncl~gy.
(C=mmen~ by~. aingenbach, C=unse: ::r ~~e US~ ?RP Grcup.)
U.S. ~A Res~se. It is ~~'s ::nt~n~:cn ~~ fluosilicic acid trea~~nt-
-"'05 .-:c-- orov'c'e ~';..s--"'-~""" "-Q"'~"" -.-i'- he"'lp'h and env';""''''-!'l~",l
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:;:::~::-:"::.::n than ccntai:ur.er.":.!':' :!:~7~:''';~5 3~C:- !S ~apping. When tl"'.e
,=:n::::..'!\~~ts are, .:emcv~ ~-.= ::':-::~='= :=:~ ':..:g 3c:.1 or bat':e:y =as~ngs ,
~~~:: :3 ~o ?Cs~~=l! ~~~~r: :::~ 5C~r.~::~ ~~,=g: '~~ch ~x;csure c=u~d :aKe
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facilities and alleged that they may stop treatment mid-project. rs at
3-17. There is no justification of these unreasonable assumptions. How
EPA came to these conclusions is difficult to understand when the Agency
made no attempted to contact such facilities. (Comment by L. Ringenbach,
Counsel for the USL PRP Group.)
u.s. EPA Response. During the :5, the U.S. ~PA contractor was in contact
Wl~ a numcer of off-site reclamation facilities. The conclusion to screen
of:site treatment of batte~ casings at private facilities was based on the
following. The cost associated with offsite treatment exceeded that of
onsite treatment, due to the high cost of transporting hazardous waste
ac:oss the count~. There are also inherent dangers associated wi th
t:ansporting hazardous wastes including accidents and other ways in which
~~e material could inadvertently be spilled. In all cases, the facilities
'.vhich the EPA contrac':or contac':ed, failed to specify whether they had a
valid RCRA pe~t, and .~t lead levels '~uld be achieved after treatment.
C~nt. O~~er than alternative 1 (RCRA Cap), the FS utterly fails to
icentlfy "feasible" remedial technologies as required by EPA's own
guidance. (C=mment by L. Ringenbac.", Counsel for the USL PRP Group.)
~~c~~:~e the c~:s~~t ~ ~d~~~s a a:~~~an~ ~ po~:n~~are extent
technologies for evaluation in the FS. In the early scrHning stages of
~e FS pct~ntial technologies were evaluat~ and then screened if they were
not technically feasible considering site specific application. During
this phase over 50 remedial technoloqies were evaluated based on the
specific operable units identified at U5L.
--
C;mment. ~e ~S arbitrarily assumes ~~at anj' batte~1 casings and soils
~:~~ lead concent:ations of up to 500 mg/kg .~d pass the EP-toxicity test
a:~er ~rea~nt. (Comment by L. Ringenbach, Counsel for the USL PRP
G'ou;;. ~
U..3. E:?~ aesponse. The acM, through '::~at3b:L':j testing in the labora::r-j
have ~emcnst:ated that after t:eat.-::ent !:xJ~~ ::..'1e batte~! casings and t:.e
sci:~ ~~:~ ac.~ieve levels of l~ss ~an 500 ~/kg total lead and pass ~~e
~-'::~:.::.:y test for lead (5. 0 :ng/~). r:eat.'!W!nt 'oIOuld be considered
successful only after these ~~ objec:ives .~d be met. Post-treatmen:
11~~:.::.:ation ',rill be nec!ssary ':c ~rcve :.~at t.~ese objectives have been
~~:. ?~icr to implement3ticn ~: ~~e ~=ga~2~t process, additional testing
::::::~c:.nc; -:peration of ~ pi:::t ;l3r.t: .....:.:: '.:~ :::::nducted. The abiE ':oj C:
..,.,~ ~...~~... ~... ......; a.'1e . -"'a--o". ,'-';0,...; '.."'5 ,.." be verl' &. ed
-.- .~.... --- -- ...-';1_- ... '--.-... -"'..----'. ""...-- -...
:":===:.':. .\ ietai:ad :!."lZl.:::S:.: :; :::g ==:::a::;:.."c ::ve alternatives failgd '::)
:::=-''':'::: :.~~ ;:::~e: ~=::=~:~ 7?'7"..:.:.::d =7 :.:':g ;;r.:? rs at 4-1:. Rather than
. ; : . - ':3
-------
evaluate such factors as established technology, cost, engineering imple-
mentability, reliability, const~ctability, protectiveness, minimization of
threats to the environment, and analyzing any adverse environmental
impacts. me~'ods of mitigating these impacts, and costs of mitigation, EPA
instead arbitrarily chose to limit its consideration to only seven
c:it~ria: short-te~ effectiveness: long-term effectiveness: pennanence;
r~ction of toxicity, mobility. or volume; implementability; cost;
c=mpliance wi~ ARARs; and overall protectiveness of human health and the
environment. This action violates the NC:. (Comment by L. Ringenbach,
Counsel for the USL PRP Group.)
u.s. ErA Resconse. The criteria used in the detailed analysis of the FS,
are cr1~er1a spec~fied in EPA Directive Number 9355.0-21 titled,
"Addit:ional Interim Guidance for fY87 RODs". This agency directive
incorporates language 1n ~ into ~e development of evaluation criteria.
Since language in ~ superseees that of ~'e NCP the use of the above
mentioned criteria ~s a~propriate. The above listed criteria are not
inconsistent ~i~' the NCP. They supplement ~'e NCP and take into account
the revisions of SAM. EPA need only fo110".01 the NCP "to the extent
practicable. ., CZRC'~, Part 12:' (a) .
Coament. Two additional criteria that were to be applied at this staqe of
the analysis were state acceptance and cO%lllU1i ty acceptance, rs at 443,
the rs states, however, ~~t it will not evaluate these two criteria until
after ~'e F5 is issued and consequently. cannot complete the FS. The:S
should be released for public comment again after these necessary con-
siderations are c~leted. (Comme~t by L. Ringenbach, Counsel for the USL
PRP Grcup.)
u. s. ::A ~es=<=nse. Nowher~ in the FS dces it mention ~'at because these
~*C ::::grla 'Mer~ not addressed before ~~e !S was put out for public
~cmme~~, ~'e :s c:uld not be c=mcl~teci. These ~~ criteria ar~ normallv
adc::~sseci in ~e Re-:ord '~i i:>e-::'3ion. rhe ,state of Ohio has supported ~e
=e~:~~ced. al~~~a~:ve; ~~~"~:. :=~: ac:e9tance by ~~e State comes :nl:
after ~'ev have r~,iewed ~'e ~:a:t ~c::: :f Jecis~cn. !he EPA or it~ ::n-
':=3C':::~ :anno.: avaluat~ :::mm:.~,:::' :.. 3C::~!::'=3nce '~~~i1. a :~~cmmer.dation as to
-~e .0 ~~~.." at .~e S'te ;- ~~c'~ -~e~~~-rG ~~--'~l't'l 2c~Q~-anc. ;- ~ase~
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.:r. ~::.c CCDlll8n~3 to t.~e ;r::;::s~ ;l~, '.mic~ '.JaS rel~asac: '"i th tile :5.
'=~!':.~. Inconsist~nt."ri:.'1 ~":= ~jC:, :.~e :S :ai:'ed to ir.c1.uce its detailed
ar.a_':3:'! ~:'1 dterna~ive ::: ::B.~~ent ~: discosal offsita and an alter:'1a-
t:::'!' :.~t coes not atta:.~ 1c-=::.:~l= -=: :~l~;'ant and accr:cr:.ate
-:,-" '~--r:-- (f'O-nt _.:- ~'-~~";..a"- .--..~-"",~ =~r ;'~A :!<::~ :lRP r.,...".. \
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.3.:..1':~ :eq.Jl=ement~ :.M:'_"..J.. :~ :.:: :i::.:_::a::'/es :::0 ::c~ ~t':ai:1 -~.s ,:
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- - .
-------
could be developed in a manner which would render them MAR compliant,
there was no need to consider non-ARAR compliant versions. Alternative 3
does involve offsite disposal.
Comment. Detailed cost analyses were not done in accordance wi~~ the Cost
GUldance, the NO?, and CE:RCIA. (Coament by t.. Ringenbach, Counsel for the
USI. PRP Group.)
USEPA Response. Detailed cost analyses were performed in accordance with
the Cost Guldance, NCP, CERCLA, and SARA. The references as utilized in
the cost analyses were provided in the rs. A SUlllDary of these costs by
operable unit were provided in the rs in Tables 4-11 to 4-15.
Comment. It is apparent that EPA arbitrarily selected the 5-foot cleanup
level so ~~at th~ cost estimates of fluosilicic treatment would not appear
orders of magnitude greater than those is Alternative 1. (Coument by t..
Ringenbach, Counsel for the USI. PRP Group.)
U.S. EPA Resoonse. The five-foot cleanuc level for treatment was indeed an
assumptlon used in the :os report. The ~sis for the assumption is that the
concentration of lead in soils at a depth of five feet was below ax:
guidance levels. If this assumption is incorrect, and all the soil to the
ten-foot depth requires treatment, the cost of Alternative 4 would only
increase by 30 percent. This is within the .50\ - 30\ cost estimate
accuracoj :ange provided in the rs guidance.
Comment. The variability in costs should have been accurately presented in
the rs rather than ass~n9 that the costs would be fixed, as Table 4-9
implies. (Comment by t.. Ringenbach, Counsel for the USI. PRP group.)
-
U.S. ~A ?esoonse. Variability in the cost estimates are .50% - 30%.
Costs are l.~sted as fixed figures; hcwever, ~~e variability is defined by
the aCC'.1racoj of the est~mates.
Comment. Aiternative 1, a R~ cae ove~ :he 3i:e, '~ld ful:ill each of
~e cCJe~~ives of the rs as desc::ted at 2-3 ar.d 2-4 (Ccmment by t..
:ti::,;e!"1:ac~, Counsel for the US:. ?:,'pj,~p'.)
U.S. EPA Resconse. 'l1'1e R~ C3C over t:.,e si':! does meet the objectives of
~'e ~emedial- .":~on Obj!~t:"/!S a~ r:s!... Hcweve:, Alternat::,e 4 provides a
ce~~~r balance of the n~ne ~:::~::a. ~cr~ i~r~antly, Alter~a~ive 4 will
cor.~~nue ~o meet rs obje~tives ;~e~ ~:~, '~:=h may not ce ~e case f~t
A': :?~at:.':'! 1. Altemac','e ~ ~3 o..;el: ~s &~=the~ alterna':i'/es, except No
.:..c-:.:..:~ ar.d ~e :t~ c~c :: A..:' :'?~~ai::::e : 0o/C'.::~ also siani::c3.ntly reduce
. ..
~~3 ~~ ~f con~~.~-:'3~ :=~~:~:~=~t~ ::~4~~:~g at ~~e si:g.
. .......- ""-'"
....... .
. - - .. "....
-------
Comment. It is erroneous to assume that the cap would need complete
replacement if an inspection indicates a failure. SUrface repairs are a
part of normal cap maintenance. (Comment by L. Ringenbach, Counsel for the
USL PRP Group. )
u.s. EPA Resocnse. Surface repairs are a normal part of maintenance of a
cap and are included as a part of the yearly expenses for the 30-year time
period. However, at this time, the performance of the RCRA cap over time
has not. been fully established since these types of facilities as
constructed have been in operation for less than a decade. For the purpose
of this FS, it was assumed that complete replacement of the cap would not
be required for 30 years. In other instances, failure of the cap has
occurred prior to complete construction of the cap.
C~nt. The FS is missing the chapter on selection of remedy.
by L. Rlngenbach, Counsel for the USL ?RP Group.}
u.s. EPA Resconse. 'I11e proposed plan for the USL site, which is a part of
the Admin~strat~ve Record, provides the rationale for selection of remedy.
It has bHn included at the public repository since the begiMing of the
cClllDent period consistent wi th Section 11 i of SAM.
(Comment
Comment. It is clear that the Schmalz Dump presents a virtually identical
environmental scenario to that of united Scrap Lead. n,e Dump rs did not
even consicer amcng its six remedial ac~i:n !lte~tives the BOM's
fluosilicic treatment process. (Comment by L. Ringerbach, Counsel for the
USL PRP Group.)
u.S. EPA Resconse. U.S. EPA contends that the Schmalz Dump site is not as
s~~lar to ~;e US!. site as ~~e c=mment== :laims. First of all the Scnmalz
Dump has di:ferent types of wastes disposed of at the site. 'I11ere are
large appliances and automcbiles: and in general, very heterogeneous
'4stes. 'I11e ioIClste at US!., en ':.he ot.'1er har.d, is very hc:DCgeneous in its
cempcsi:ic~; batte~ casings and ~~ntaminated soils. Bot.~ of these wastes
(cas:.:tgs/so:.l i are treatable unE~a ~":e heter=geneous '4stes at Schmalz,
In addition, the contaminant le"'~:3 !t ':he Dump site wit."1 respect to lead
are ceders of ~anitude lower ~~an ~'at of USL. In almost all instances,
soil sampling reSults at t."e ~ ind::ated levels of lead in the soi:
below the 500 mq/kq level. Las~ly, t.~e ecM'3 fluosilici: process and
t=!atabili~l studies wer~ c=~12~~ af:er ~~e Dump FS 'NaS c=mpleted. In
ot.":er words, ti;e tecl1nol::gy '.vas :~ve~:;:~ af':er the Schmal: =ump si:e FS
'.rc!s ccmpleced.
':~~t. c9fore :ommit'::~g :: :~ ~~;er:~e~:a: ~echnclcgy ~re '~rk and
.::c.:~ ';3t'e:-~ c=st !s~:.;na,::::c 5~.~'~_i :e ~::::~, 3uvi::c: 'JO the surroundi::c:r
:ar.c ~d ~~'ing eve~.~r.e :~~ ~::::: :e :~; :es: and most ~~s~-effectiv9'
sc_~~:cn . :;~nc :y L~:: 3:~~\..
.; . ~, ::P.~ :\est:c::se , ~~.: . :
:~~2C:.a. =~s.;:: ;~~se ::::::
!~~ ;~~;C=~S :~ i~12me~~ ~ 9ilot plant during
:.~.:..:. ;:3':': :;:gr~t:::n :'3 :::r.s:cer~. If
~:-::':-:- ':3
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results of the pilot study indicate that the process would be ineffective
or cost-prohibitive, the ROD would need to be revisited and revised to
select a different remedy. The data and the testing to date lead EPA to
believe that the process will work, and that it is the cost-effective
solution ~or USL. The Superfund does not authorize EPA to buyout
ci~izens. In addition, merely purchasing adjoining property would leave
the hazardous '~ste site open, where exposure could take place on a regular
basis. euying out residences is only considered if the threat to human
health is of emergency magnitude or the property is needed to implement the
remedy.
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~ a. PUBLIC BEi\L'lB,IRISJtS
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Comment. A seemingly arbitrary cleanup level of 500 mq/kg has been
selected without discussion of any reasons for its selection ... (Comment
by Judith Overturf, Counsel for Cobrow Industries.)
U.S. EPA Response. The cleanup level of 500 mq/kg was chosen for surficial
sOlls based on the rec=mmendation by CDC that blood lead levels in children
in residential areas have been obse~ed to increase when the soil lead
concentrations are between 500 .. 1,000 ID9!kg. EPA has chosen the
conse~ative end of this range. The 500 mq/kg level is also consistent
with the results of the USL Public Health !valuation.
Comment.... lead present in the soil is very immobile and, therefore
breaklng the pathway of exposure by capping will be effective in protecting
public health and the environment. (Comment by Laura Ringenbach, Counsel
for the flU' Group.)
U.S. EPA Resconse. Capping is effective in eliminating the direct contact
threac assoClated .~th the soils. However, caps are susceptible to freeze
- thaw damage, and also to subsidence, which could render the cap
ineffective for preventing both infiltration, and direct contact with
contaminants. Capping also fails to meet the statutory preference for
treatment in Section 121 of SARA.
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~ a. REmDIAL N:rIa. CDST
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CODIDent. A potential market which would combine the rubber with low B'IU
coal mined in the western states may well prove !DOre profitable than the
market for recycled lead. (COJIIDent by Judith Overturf, Counsel for Dobrow
Industries. )
U.S. EPA Resconse. Potential markets for the clean batte~ casings will be
evaluated mere fully during the remedial design phase. Non-RCY. landfill
disposal '~s considered only because power plants contacted during the FS
phase were non-committal when asked if they would accept the casings.
These markets may be more receptive to receiving the casings once t~e time
frame for receipt is determined. Before accepting them, they would require
samples for their awn analysis. Samples of the clean casings cannot be
provided until after pilot studies are completed.
Comment. The cost to do the job is too high particularly when it's not
really needed for health reasons. (Comment made by Albert E. Wiehe.)
U.S. EPA Response. The cost of permanent remedies as mandated by SAM are
often mere costly than containment options. The alte~tive selected is
cost-effective; however, because the degree of lonq-term effectiven~ss of
the selected alternative is greater than that of the containment options.
Treatment to remove contaminants ensures that additional funds will not be
spent at USL later.
Commen~. EPA's cost figures for these alte~atives seriously underestimate
the true costs associated with implementing a complex and unproven
~echnoloqy. (Comment by Laura Ringenbach, Counsel for the USL ~ Group.)
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U.S. EPA ReSDCnse. EPA's cost-estimates for the selected alternati"e as
'.oIell as ti1e ccers are expec':ed to be wi thin the order~f-magni tude (+50\ -
30\) requlr&d for feasibiiity study purposes. Cost estimates will l~
refined during remedial design.
Comment. Al:!~tive 4 is not a ~:st~::ec'::7e solution. There is no
cenUIIUna'::.:n -:If grounaNater or sur:ac3 '
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With the additional testing and pilot work as planned in the design phase
the costs Will be further refined. If the costs differ significantly from
the estimate, the ROD may be revisited.
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~ Qf mE ~ED 1U!m%)IAI, AC'l'IQf
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Comment. It is more likely that inadvertent mishandling of the cleanup
operation proposed by selected Alternative 4 using the chelating agent ED!A
will solibilize the lead and enhance the lead leaching to the groundwater
(comment by J. Overturf, Counsel for Cobrow Industries)
U. S. EPA Response. '111e proposed process established by the 80M will not
utlllze EDtA. Fluosilicic acid will be utilized. CUring the course of
implementing Alternative 4, all necessary safety features such as concrete
pads surrounded by berms will be constructed, which '.rill greatly reduce the
possibility of damage due to uncontrolled spills. In addition, monitoring
(air, groundwater, surface water) ~ll take place during remedial action to
ensure contaminants are not migrating frem the site due to inadvertent
releases.
Comment. It is accarent that Alternative 4 is experimental at best
( Comment by J. Overturf and others. )
U.S. EPA~S~nse. l'111e teChnlolO9Yt tf0chnr extlraction of letlad fremed ~ethbattery
cas1ngs e soi is simi ar 0 e 0 ogies curren y us 1n e
mining industry. To date, data frem laboratory treatabili t:y tests indicate
the process is feasible. Section 121 of SARA suggests that experimental
technologies can be selected if they significantly reduce toxicity,
mobility or volume. Further tests in the laboratory, and a pilot study
will be conducted as part of the design phase to define and optimize full
scale operating parameters.
Comment. It is r1tf recOlllDl!ndation that the ROD to be initiated choose
Alternative 5 - NO action and secure the site under the Law of Eminent
oemain. (Comment by COnald Kreis, both written and at the public meeting.)
U.S. EPA Resconse. Based on the results of !:he p..J.blic Health Evaluation,
U.S. EPA has concluded that an existing and potential future threat
currently exists at the USL site due ~= =i=~ct c=nt:ac~ ~ith contaminated
media. Se~~:ing ~~e site does not ~nsure ~~t t:espassing site int~~ers
will not be exposed. A remedial ac~ion rnus~ take place '~ich pe~en:11
eliminates t..~ese risks. '111e CE:RCI.A equi'/a':'~nt of ~e !,3W of eminent dcmain
is found in Section 104(i), but is ~ot appl:cable here.
Comment. The flucsilicic treatment orocess has ~ot been demcnstrat~d at
the laboratory stage, pilot stage, or 6~~: scale, or at any other Superfund
site. conse-;;uently, the technol::gy's ~i:':'':1 ':0 :r.e9~ i:..~e 5:PA d~anup
st3ndards is unknown. (Ccmment by :au:~ ~:~ge~~a~~, :=unsel for ~~e ~s~
~ Group. ~
U.3. ~A ~~~=onse. the ~:ea~~e~: ~: :::~ :~e =~::~~1 :3si~gs and :~e soils
uSlng ~e :_~osl::cic ac:c t:~=~~e~': ;:::~ss has :ee~ =emcnstrated by ~he
bcm to :e ;~c~ess~Jl in i:..~e ~ac::;::~~', ~~A'S :::ar.u; s~ar.cards ~f <500
-"""'g --~-. ..2a~'" S.._J::'_.~: ~_... ~...- 7"':_~-..';_.-.. ~"'::II~1s.- -.;; lA'::O: "~a"':'
....".< --;..1- -- w.o, ..------- -..--- .'''- -- 0_"--- -; _0'-- -~ -- --- '-0' .. -
:ng/l r.as !:e9~ ac~:,~"e~ by :.~e ='::~~ :-:: '-:-:-.~ :..~e :a'::~~! ':3S:':-:';S and soils.
~. acl....~'~"es -"0 =3"'- _:..-- -.'..- -_...: :.," --3~~ -",o"a"';-r. :,as "0'" --"'0
_::-. h"""-j..".~ '-:- -. -- -::- .----: "-.~ ---- J'- -- -:--- ---.. ,; - - -- --
~c:-:ie"eC, =.;: sc-:-::.:r. .;.:1. :: :,;.~-';, -:_~::..:-! :~!I'''::~~::~':~s t:..":e :::ng:ess:':~3l
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intent of r~commending alternative technologies which involve treatment
even if they have not been demonstrated at other Superfund sites. Further
studies including a pilot study are proposed for Remedial Design.
C=mment. The process developed requires highly trained personnel. At
presen~, only the 80M has the trained personnel to implement the remedy.
NO other companies that do actual cleanups are familiar or experienced with
the technolO<1.f. (CorIIDent by to. Ringenbach, Counsel for the USL PRP Group.)
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U.S. E:PA Resaiase. E:PA acknowledges the fact that highly trained personnel
would be need to design the system for battery casing and soil treatment.
The U.S. eat is prepared to stay on board as the U.S. E:PA's principal
expert to provide the necessary expertise even in the event of a PRP
takeover. If the PRP's take over the project, guidance and oversight of
future studies by the PRP's consultant will be provided by the eat in the
same manner that U.S. E:PA utilizes its onboard contractors to provide
similar PRP oversight functions.
Coanent. The lead residue removed from the waste material is assumed to be
of sufficient quality to be reclaimed. However, the rs has not established
or even explored a potential marxet for this material. (Comment by L.
Ringenbach, Counsel for the USL PRP Group.)
~sth~~~s~~s~~as~ef~~c~~~~t~~;d~~~~~~~~: ~s ~e~e~~~~~ered to
Alternative 4 because i: is the cost~ffective alternative which best
protects public health .w the environment in the long-term. Recovery or
credit for reclaimed lesd is a secondary benefit of Alternative 4.
Comment. The 80M ackna~ledges ~~t ~~e design =f two separate treatment
processes :nay be necess.sry, yet the F'S states In its cost analysis that
there will be a single ~rocess. (C=mment by to. ~ngenbach, Counsel for the
USL PRP Group.)
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U.S. E:PA ~soonse. The process for t=aat-ien~ ~'e soils is expected :0 =~
very Sl~:ar to that of treating ~'e casi~gs. Scme ~ifications to
existing equipment would be necessa~!. Cu~ since the battery casings are
disposed on top of the majori ty of ~":e seils t.,ey "M'OUld have to be t=ea~ed
first.
Ccmment. 'ft\e fluosilicic process '~as ,~e'/,!~ beer. ~!!st!!d to confit":'n ~'at i ~
Wl~~ ~t ZPA cleanup levels to :~~:~ l~ac :=~m =attery casings ar.d sei:s
to less ~~ S mq/kg of lead 'Jr.=~= ~~~ ~~ !:-~:~i=it7 test F'S at 2-10.
:C:mment =: ~. Rir.qenba~h, C=~~s~l ::= :~g JS~ :~: ;:~u~.)
U.S. ~~ ~esoonse. EP~ ~~rc~;h ~~ :~~1:J;:n~! ~s=~'!ment ccnt=acted ~ith
:.::e :C:1 :: :0 :er.c:t sC31e :a=:~'::: ~.: :?~.:~ :: ~':~':";a~~ :::g :~asibE:.:y c:
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treatment. The bench scale tests have ind1~ated that an ammonia leach
followed by a fluosilicic acid leach removes significant quantities of lead
from the casinq material and soils. The residual battery casinqs and soils
had a RCRA-EP toxicity lead concentrations of less than 5 mqjl and a total
lead c:ncentration of less than 500 mg/kq. Therefore, battery casinq
washinq using the fluosilicic process has most definitely been demonstrated
to be feasible in the laboratory.
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CQRtf1'S CN tJ!I;AL Isi~ ~n«;
SP!X:IfiC PRJVISICIiS or ~
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Coament. 'ft\ese legal concerns are surrmarized in the following COIIIDent.
-::c;t- Before the -PRPs may be'deprived of their property interests, they must be
afforded an opportuni ty to be heard at a meaningful time and in a mean-
ingful manner. In general, due process rights of the PRPs have been
violated by EPA. Comments included the lacx of administrative record
availabili ty in the repository, a cottment period which was less than the
required 21 days, the fact that additional E'RPs have been identified but
not 'given a ~ce to comment on the RI;FS and have not been sent notice
letters. (S~mation of comments by L. Ringenbach, Counsel for the USL E'RP
.. group.)
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u.s. EPA Response. EPA does not feel that the due process rights of the
PRP group were vlolated. The complete Administrative Record has been
available for review in the Troy-Miami County Public Library since August
8, 1988, the day the public cOtllDent period started. This was confirmed by
a return receipt on certified mail. Everything in the index was included
and was available at the repository. The PRPs were given 21 days to
comment on the RI;FS and proposed plan consistent with the NCP. Courtesy
copies of the FS and proposed plans were sent to the PRPs a day later, but
the RI;FS and proposed plan were available in the public repository on
August 8. Any additional PRPs who have been identified after the public
cQlllllent period could not have been given the opportunity to COIIIDent on the
RI/!'S and proposed plan during the comment period. CDCLA does not require
EPA to delay the Ia) until all possible P1U's have been identified. Notice
letters have been sent to the addit:cnal 75, but until ~~e existing PRP
group sends EPI. its records as to additional PRP listings, 104(e) and
notice letters cannot be sent out. The commentor's citations to the case
law is misleading in that there are many cases that have found that the NCP
provides PRPs ~ith adequate due process. EPA followed the public
participation ~'rovisions of CE:RCLVSARA and the NC?, It is not appropriate
to elaborate n.rther on due process claims.
Comment. Mr. Duane A. Schrceder has submit:ed a public corrment regarding
his ccmplnY..'s ability to undertake the Remedial Ac~:on at the site.
u.s. EP.' Res~otlse. Consideration of 'Jendor's prcposals will come during
the compeut1.ve b1.dding process of the RA. When the design of the cemedy
is completed, !sS\DDing t.~e RD/P.A is conducted as a fund lead project, com-
petitive bids will be taken from qualified 'Jendors. At that time
consideration 'dill be given to Mr, Sc~roeder's fi~/s capabilities. EPA
does not have a mecnanism in plac~ === ~cn-~:mpet:tive sole source contac~~
for the performance of AAs.
16607.:08
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u . S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 111 Hazardous Waste
l'{:.chnical Information Center . I
,
841 Chestnut Street. 9th Floor.;.;,
Phiiadelphia. PA 19107 , "" '.~.~:.::k~
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