United States .
Environmental. Protection
Agency
Office of
Emergency and
Remedial Response
E P AtROD/ROS.89/099
September 1989
(
5EPA
Superfund
Record of Decision:
,;
E.H.Schiliing Landfill, OH
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Hazardous Waste Collection
Information Resource Center
US EPA Region 3
Philadelphia, PA 19107
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50272.101
REPORT DOCUMENTATION \'. REPORTNO. \2.
PAGE EPA/ROD/R05-89/099
3. A8cipI8nI'a Acc:8uIon No.
./
4. Tl1I8 end Sub1I1I8
SUPERFUND RECORD OF DECISION
E.H. Schilling Landfill, OH
First Remedial Action - Final
7. Author(al
So A8por1 De.
9/29/89
So
So IIMonnlng OrgeniZllllon A8pC. No.
8. Pwformlng OrgllinlD1lon ...... end AddNM
10. ,",ojKtIT88IIIWortI Unit No.
11. Contnet(C) or Gr-cG) No.
(C)
<-,
(G)
12. Sponeortng Org~""" end AdIhM
U.S. Environmental Protection
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
11 Type of R-,. Period Cowred
Agency
800/000
14.
15. S<.opplenwn1aty No-
HI. Aba.,aet (Umil: 200 _rda,
The E.H. Schilling Landfill site is in Hamilton Township, Lawrence County, Ohio. The.
site is a 2.7-acre landfill on a larger tract of land. The predominantly rural area
neighboring the site includes approximately 50 residences, which are between 0.25 mile
and 1.5 miles from the site. The landfill was created by constructing a dam across a
~mall ~alley. Both the landfill cover and dam have been described as inadequate, and
leachate containing hazardous substances is being released -through and beneath the dam.
From 1969 to 1980 the landfill operators accepted both nonhazardous and hazardous wastes
including styrene, phenol, acetone, alcohol, wastewater treatment sludge, coal tar
compounds, and cumene. Results from a 1988 investigation reveal that soil and sediment
contamination is limited to the area immediately adjacent to the dam, and ground water
contamination is limited to the monitoring wells immediately surrounding the landfill and
the monitoring wells downgradient of the dam. Contamination appears to be due to
leachate runoff. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil, sediment, and
ground water are VOCs including benzene; other organics including PAHs, pesticides, and
phenol; and metals including arsenic. (See Attached Sheet)
17. 00<:_1 Anely8la L OHcripto..
Record of Decision - E.H. Schilling Landfill, OH
First Remedial Action - Final
Contaminated Media: soil, sediment, gw
Key Contaminants: VOCs (benzene), other organics (PAHs, pesticides, phenol), metals
(arsenic)
b. Id8ntifl8r8l0pen-End8cI T-
c. CooA TI AeIdIGroup
18. AVllilabiMly Slalement
18. Security Cia.. (Thla Report)
None
20. Security Cia.. (Thla Page)
N()ri~
21. No. of Pagee
110
22. Price
(See ANSl-Z38.18)
SH IMITUCIiOM on RiI-
272 (4-71)
(Fonnerfy NTIS-35)
D8partman1 01 Commerce
-------
EPA/ROD/R05-89/099
E.H. Schilling Landfill, OH
First Remedial Action - Final
16.
Abstract (continued)
The selected remedial action for this site includes excavation of 500 cubic yards of
sediment and 750 cubic yards of surface soil for consolidation in the landfill;
construction of a 2.7-acre RCRA cap to contain 100,000 cubic yards of landfill waste;
construction of a clay ber.m to improve dam stability.; construction of a perimeter cut-off
wall to eliminate the lateral flow of ground water into the landfill waste; construction
of an interceptor drain outside the cut-off wall to drain ground water away from the
landfill; dewatering the landfill of 7,000,000 gallons of leachate and treating the
leachate using metal precipitation, air stripping, and carbon adsorption to remove
organics and sulfide precipitation to remove inorganics, followed by discharge to surface
water; treatment and discharge of an additional 1,000,000 gallons of wastewater generated
during the remedial action; ground water monitoring; and implementation of access and
institutional controls. The estimated total present worth cost for this remedial action
is $9,412,000, which includes an estimated annual O&M cost of $99,000 for 30 years.
'.)
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DeclaratlC8 for the Record of Dect.iaa
Si ta JIa-. and Loca.tlC8
B... SchillincJ Landfi11. .
Ra8ilton Township, Lawrence C~, 01110
. .
ftabment of Baais aftlt ~
Thi. decision docuaent presents the selected remedial action
tor the 8.8. Schilling aite, in Raailton Township, Lawrence County,
Ohio, which was choaen in accordance with the requirements of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act ot 1980 (CERCLA), a8 aaended by the SUperfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act ot 1986 (SARA) and, to the extent practicable,
the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency
Plan (NCP). This decision dOCUDent explains the' factual and legal
basis for selecting the raaedy for this site.
The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency concurs with the selected
remedy. The information 8upporting this remedial action decision
is contained in the administrative record for this site.
Assessment of the Site
The site consists of a landfill created by construction of an
inadequate dam across a small valley. The landfill cont'ains
hazardous substances beneath an inadequate cover, and leachate
containing hazardous substances is being released through and
beneath the dam. Actual or threat~ned releases of hazardous
substances from thls site, if not addressed by implementing the
response action selected in this Record of Decision (ROD), may.
present an imminent and substantial endangerment to public health,
welfare, or the environment.
Description of the Selected Remedy
The response actiOTI a~ the E.H. Schilling Landfill addresses the
entire site.
A containment with treatment option has been chosen and will
require long term management. The major components of the selected
remedy include the following: .
o
Dewatering the landfill of approximately 7,000,000
gallons of leachate. The collected liquids will be
tr~ated with air stripping and carbon adsorption to
remove organics, and sulfide precipitation to remove
inorganics, and then discharged to surface water. ~
additional 1,000,000 gallons ot wastewater generated
during the project will a150 be treated and. discharged.
The effluent viII meet the eftluent requirements of the
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES). '
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COriatru<*lon ot . 2~ 7 acre cap ~at co.pli.. vith
Subtitle C ot RCRA over the approxi..tely 100,000
cubic yard8 ot vaate. The cap vill extend ewer the dam
tace. '
q
o
Construction ot a peri..ter cut-ott vall, con8iatiriq of
15 teet ot 8lurry vall and 40 teet ot qrout curtain, to
prevent lateral tlow ot qroundvater into the vaate.
Conatruction ot a clay bera to obtain the required
tactor ot aatety ot greater than 1.5 for long tera
stability' ot the earthen daa.
o
o
Long tara aaintenance, ..curity and restrictions on
future use. '
o
Quarterly aonitoring of all aonitoring wells. If
groundwater exceeds action based levels, it viII be
collected and treated in the leachate treatment plant
on-site via carbon adsorption, air stripping and metal
prec ipi tation.,
Declaration of StatutorY Deterainations
The selected remedy is protective ot human health and the,
environment; complies with Federal and State requirements that are
legally applicable or relevant and appropriate to the remedial
action, and is cost-effective. A waiver pursuant to CERCLA Section
l21(d) (4) (c) of Section J745-27-10(c) (J) of the Ohio Administrative
Code, regarding land surface slope requirements, is being
implemented because of technical impracticability. This remedy
utilizes permanent solutions and treatment technologies, to the
maximum extent practicable, for this site. The principal threats
posed by the site to human health and the environment are landfill
liquid waste and leachate, which are being treated on-site.
However, the source viII remain and is not being treated. Since
contaminant migration is limited to the area below the earthen dam,
containment with leachate treatment will prevent the surrounding
soil, su'rface water, groundwater, and air from becoming
::ontaminated.
Since this remedy will result in hazardous substances remaining on
site, a review will be conducted within five years after
commencement of remedial action, and every five years thereafter,
to e,ns re that' th remedy continues to provide adequate protection
ot h n heal th d environme 1£ .
J~2f;' ltiff
Date
Valdas'V. Ada
Regional Admin
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Decision SU8aary tor the Record of Decision
1.
site "a1l8. Location. and DescriDtion
The E.B. Schilling Landtill i. located approximately four miles
southveat at the city ot Ironton in Hamilton Township, Lawrence
County, Ohio. See Fiqure 1.
The landfill occupies approximately three acres of land on
larger tract owned by Mr. Earl H. Schilling. The landfill
situated in a valley draw incised into the west slope of a
separating Winkler Hollow (west ot the site) and Schilling
(east ot the site), 0.8 miles north of the Ohio River and
approximately 0.5 miles north of U.S. Route 52. The Wayne
National Forest extends north-south about 400 feet east of the
site. An earthen dam contains the waste in the valley draw.
Figure 2 depicts the landtill in relation to other features
within the study area.
a
is
ridge
Hollow
The area surrounding the Schilling site is rural, with the
nearest population to the site being approximately 50 homes
RocK Hollow Road. The houses are bet.een .25 miles and 1.5
from the site and orientated in a northwest to southwest
direction from the site. Ap~roximately 23,000 persons live
'...'ithin .a four mile radius (50 square miles) from the site.
on
miles
.:..
Site Historv and Enforcement Activities
The E.H. Schilling Landfill, began operation in 1969 and ""as used
mainly by USS Chemicals (now Aristech Chemical Corporation)
Haverhill plant and Dow Chemical Compa~y.s Hanging ROCK plant.
The landfill was permitted in 1971 for disposal of dry, non-
hazardous industrial waste. After a series of permit violations,
the site ceased operation in July, 1980. The waste deposited
includes the following ha:ardous subs~ances:
l.
2 .
3 .
4 .
5.
6.
7.
Styrene monomer
Ph en 01
Acetone
Alcohol
Wastewater treatment
Coal tar compounds '
CUmene
sludge
The waste also includes polystyrene and other foam materials.
In 1982, the, E.H. Schilling Landfill was proposed for inclusion
for the National prioiities List (NPL). The site.s NPL status
was finalized in September, 1983.
On March 31, 1987, Aristech Chemical and E.H. Schilling & Son,
Inc., with the U.S. EPA and OEPA, signed an Administrative Order
by, Consent to perfonD the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility
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Studiea (RI/FS) under CERCLA Section 122. The remaining
potentially responaible p~rtl.a (PRPa), Cow Che.ical Coapany,
Aahland 011 Co., Matlack, Inc., and Gulf Chemical aDd
Xetallurglcal,retuaed to participate. General Notice letters to
the aix PRPa for Reaedial Design/Remedial Action (RD/RA) have
been sent. A Special Kotice letter will be sent once the ROD is
aigned. . . .
J .
Riahliahts of CO..unitv particioation
The RI/FS Reports and the Proposed Plan for the E.H. Schilling
site were released to the public for comment on August 25, 1989.
These three documents were made available to the public in .the
administr:ative record and information repository at the Briggs
Lawrence County Library. The notice of availability of these
documents was published in an Ironton, Ohio newspaper. A public
comment period on the documents was held from August 25, 1989 to
September 23, 1989. On September 7, 1989, a public meeting was
held in Ironton. At this meeting, representatives from EPA and
OEPA answered questions about problems at the site and the..
remedial alternatives under consideration. A response to the
comments received during this period is included in the
Responsiveness Summary, which is part of this ROD.
~ .
Scope and Role of Response Action Within Site Strateqy
The Rene=~al Action will address the en~ire E.H. Schilling site
and the contamination present.
5.
SummarY of Site Characteristics
The Remedial Investigation field Wory. began in February, 1988 and
consisted of two phases. Phase one included the follo~ing .
investigations:
1. Radiological
Invest iga t i::m
2. Geophysical Irivestigation
J. Earthen Da~ Investigation
4. Cap Integrity Study
5. Benthic-Macro Invertebrate Study
6. Sampling of monitoring wells (2 rounds), soil samples
surrounding the landfill, leachate (2 rounds), surface
water (2 rounds), sediments, landfill waste including
earthen dam borings and air ~onitoring .
7. Geology and Hydrogeology Study
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Pba.. two included additional .oIl sa.pling extending out trom
the landfill. Sel~8d aonitoring ".11. were resuapl8d as well.
Pha.. two va. COJIplet8d In Xarc:b, 1'8'. ..
--: Tb. ..jor re.ul t. ot the RI an a. tollOlf8:
-,
1. RadiOactive -1.. Ion. v.re not detected.
2. Geophy.ical .tudies revealed tour areas of buried
..tal lie objects, which In high probability are
drum..
3. The earthen dam is structurally stable, but does not meet
the required factor ot safety tor earthen dams of this
type. A tactor of safety of 1.5 or greater should be
achieved.
4. The present landtill cap does not meet the RCRA Subtitle
C performance standards and OEPA regulations.
5. The data results show that the Benthic organisms are
stressed at stations nearest to the dam and on-site.
6 .
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Thirteen landfill waste and boring samples were
taken from eleven sampling points. Thirteen
volatile organic, thirteen semi-volatile organic,
twenty metal, and four pesticide compounds, plus
cyanide, were detected. Tentatively identified
compounjs were also found. See Table 1.
Leachate samples were obtained from seven
locations. Fifteen volatile organic, four semi-
volatile organic, one pesticide, and twenty metal
compounds, plus cyanide, were detected.
Tentatively identified compounds were also
discovered. See Table 2.
Air monitoring detected no organic constituents,
but twenty metals were identified.
Groundwater sampling detected
organic and one semi-volatile
and fifteen dissolved metals.
concentrations are lower than
Table 3.
four volatile
organic compounds,
Dissolved metal.
total metal. See
Surface water and sediment samples were taken from
.ix locations, and identified two volatile and
seven semi-volatile organic compounds and fourteen
metal compounds. See Tables 4 and 5.
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SUrface 8Oi1 aaap1.a vere obtained fro. thirty-
five loc.tiona aurroundil\9 the landf1U. Three
volatile and thirteen a..i-volatile organic
co~. and seventeen aetal coapound8 plus
cyani~e vere detected. S.e Table 6.
Extent of Conta.ination
The extent of contaaination at the 8ite is limited to the
landfill and the area immediately aurroundinq it. Landfill waste
samples compared to other 8ite samples indicate that the
contamination has not aigrated tar beyond the interpreted limits
of the landtill as the relative concentrations of chemicals
detected in these saaplea are generally an order of magnitude
greater than the cheaica1s identitied in the other media types
and sample locations.
Groundwater data a180 shows that contamination at the site is
limited to monitoring wells immediately surrounding the landfill
and monitoring wells downhill of the dam. Surface water is
presently unaffected by landfill activities. Stream sediment and
surface soil contamination is limited to the area immediately
adjacent the earthen dam. Leachate from the landfill appears to
be the cause. ,
6.
Summary of Site Risks
A.
Contaminant Identification
To ~valuate potential risks to human health and the
environment for existing site conditions, a risk assessment
was conducted using site analytical data and site
characteristics.
The media affected by the E.H. Sc~illing site's ,
contamination include groundwater, surface water, sediments,
leachate, landfill waste, soils and air. Since a diverse,
number (74) ot chemicals were detected at the E.H. Schilling
site, a subset ot indicator chemicals which represent the
highest risk potential to human health and the environment
was used. The following is a list ,and the reasoning behind
selecting each of the indicator chemicals:
1,2 Dichloroethane was selected as a indicator chemical because:
Based upon analysis of landfill waste and landfill boring
samples, 1,2 Dichloroethane is a constituent of the chemical
waste in the landfill.
Toxicity - 1,2 Dichloroethane is carcinogenic.
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- t
.."'.....,
:-.c, 07; ~-C2
.....::, ~7
....'.. ,
:2, :3,
:.e, ~7.
:!. ~Q:
c. ,
2.~
SC' . C", SC'S'~'
,..
..'" ..'
o,~
C.~
.w' :.6
,w-~, ::-
O.!
~.. :Z.
:3, )..,
:c, :7, :;
c.o
A' ,
~. ~ ac ~xat'Ot"'\
,. ,
w,-
iC' -:2, 1C5. C1
C.5
" .
'"'Quentltltlonll.iu tiatld fo,. 101l/U(l1l!'lr"t Ir, CUe
-------
. .
',1........
k'
------....
--- .~ ~----
.......
... -
~~~".~:''':''
--
- -
~.6'-:--
.- '---'-;;';..""-'- .__.__... '-.'" ---. """""'-.0..-.
Table 2
~tf~ ld8fttf,... '" L.lCftat. S~C.. at Concentrati~ 'raat.r t~en
Of' ~I t. I:MtI"8Ct t...,frea OuMtitatiCll'l Li8it (CIOL)
COIrIT 11'\bT
~IIC LCltATIOII
ygt 8t f It Dr'MPI. CI
~
('411)
',"D'~t~
'.Z'Df~taroe~
'.Z-Of~taroetft8n8S
Z-Iut .....
'--'t~YI'2'P8"t~
Ac.t-.
a.v..
c.l"t)gr, d' au 1 f t 0.
0'11 O"~t"...
-'tllyl- O'I(Or"o.
£tllyl~-
LI-Ot. 06. 06
LI-O'. OZ, 03, 06, 06, 07
LS.06
LS'O', 06
LS'OJ, 04, 05
All LS Locat;~
LS'01
LS'01
LS-02, OJ, 01
LS-01, 01., 07
L$-01, 02, 03, :5, 06, 01
LS-OI., 05, 06
L S . 02, 03, 01
LS'O~
LS.05
CtoUI)
5
5
5
10
10
10
5
5
10
5
T~t"~(O,.~t,,-
TOI-
T"i~!O"~t"~
r y I ~1 (IIOS)
5
5
~:J
s~. 'v~..t~ tt =~;~IC'
Z'~~""i;:r'\..-.o.
~.~t""'(;:r'\..-.o:
. S - C3
LS'CZ. OJ, C7
~S'02. OJ, 07
,~
. ~
~
.....::;': Ac:e
Po, ..-.0 .
.s.:~.
5:
CZ. :3, ~.
OS, :J6, 07
10
-~ ~5 ~ . = , ~5
"'1:18CI'I,o'
~S-::J
ino~;."'I=S
C.05
At",~
4n t I IIOt')o
A",,,,, 1 C
A I: ..5 ~oc.~.;:.t1S Z:JC
LS'a., be
.s.n. CJ, c.:., 07 10
"S- 01, OZ, OJ, c.:., J6, 07 20C
LS-03, 01., 05, 06 5
A( I LS "oca t 1 Ot'!S 50::
..,.'...
"""'11'-.
Calc,...
-------
-.:;:. "...":;":~.~
,. '- ".-.~.
-..},.. ..' ....~.. .'
~~"~." ~ . -:.. .
'.. - _..~..a:...._~~..
. -....'
~- .tI.
I.." ""
~_.._.-.
Taole 3
-.1- eor.c..l'ftf- ef Caratftu8ttl I~ 1ft ....ftOf'f,. weu.
.t Canu"t,..tf... ~_t8f' f"-' fir ~t to C8'1CrKt '~f"" ~tUt;Qr\ ~i.it (c.:~)
CJIIT I TWJrT
CtIICOTIA T I C8
h.., ( )
1M8'\. J IIG
LGCaTica
~
C~l)
j
Yo(8tU. ~ia
u
Acet-
1enI-
c.rtGrI D i 84.11 , i dIt
01 I oroetPl-
12
5
13
17
IIIW- Q3I
l1li- Q2I
1III~071
l1li- 06A
10
5
5
10
$..i'~I.t;(t O~~it.
1, "Cial! o~oc.nz-
10
~'06A
10
~;no(v~ ~
"I....~
"~I""C
8.~....
"~lll'"
:.lc...n
:OO8tt
:oc:o.~
: ~ QI'\
-'~I''''
-"""-It
..tktl
PotUI'...
Sod\~
V 8n8CI....
Z'I"C
~ ~'07.. ZOC
5.Z ~~,.. 10
"U l1li-07' 20C
3.! ~-07' 5
S~.300 ~'Oll SCCG
81.5 ~'07.. sc
5.3 ~-018 Z5
13. 100 ~'03.. 1:0
Z~ ,7OC ~'07.. 5000
Z,610 .~-07.. IS
1~ ~'C7.. I.:
!,3!C ~'C1. 500:
\t..'-OO ... ""-01' .500C
5.5 ""-03" 50
318 ~'07A ZO
-------
.-- ~~- "-'''''''''-.
. ~.':':"t~i-£J:-~...J..~'...... ~
.~.. ~-' -...-..'- -.
--_..--~
-
... -- .. ~....--.
Table 3
C~8ftCr8tI.. 8f Total ... Of"Gl~ "-tel ."IoIIU
for S.lectlld IOI'0yw Water (..,,) S8Ip4 i,.. Locet i ons
Loc.tlor; 'u.nw T ota t Oi...t~
(14/1) ('4/1)
""-01' A I u.f,.. 207 II)
...,. 03.\ Alu.i,.. 26000 . II)
""-03.\ Al~i,.. n500 II)
...,. ora &I~i,.. '63Oa 01.8)
""-07& &r.."ic :S.1 :S
""-0" "ri~ :S77 :S~
~-C3A "rl~ 136 z.:s - 1
......03,a "r;~ 1ZZ ZJ.1
-.,. :"', '.rl\08 1.28 10.3
.....- :3A "'ryll t \08 5.7 tIC
""":3A "rylll\08 ".5 110
...... :., '.ryt ! '... 7.2 3.e
.... :. 8 :.tc,... b.,.""50C 5 !JOO
"'.:3. C.lc'... , C5J': blOO
-..:3,1. =.~C'\.8 ':J:C 6110
or., : -, :... \ c 11..811 2 0-.':: C 26&:):
... :. 6 :1'1'a8'~ 'J: 110
Il1,o<3' ::'''''~08'~ 67 110
or., -:3' :1'1'::18'''' 5~.5 110
..... -: 7. C1\r08.... 131 110
""",c'a C0C8( t 8.5 ""
.... . OJA CCJtI8I t 31.3 10.2
...... OJA CCJtI8I t 29.5 110
......::-. Cocet t 1C3 81.5
"".:18 CQC:lDlr 1 C. 3 5.3
......03. CQC:II:»' 51.5 3.3
"""C3A C~r '50.7 110
"'.v7A C~r c.a ICt)
"'.0'1 I r Of" 32'C 570
.... - O~ I r Of" 131000 13100
..... O~ I r Of" 121000 1 '''00
,...07. I r Of" ZJ200C &030
.....0'1 L.ao 1.:3 1i0
..., - O~ L.ao 15.9 110
.... - O~ LHd 20.2 NO
....-07A Le8d 55." 110
IC): liot Oet Kted In c.ancWltru;n I;r.uur TII8rI caQL
'-.
-------
; .. ....
u
,. '
~.............
.----.
..-....- -.&...-
-'- ...-....~~.._- ---
, ,
~.---.........--- ._....._~
Table 3 Corcl"tr8tl- of Totel end DluolveG "tel '~Its
(~tl"U8d) fo~ $elected ~round ~ate~ (MW) S88DI'"9 Locations
,.
L oc.a t i or'!
MW-O"
MW- a3A
MW- 03A
MW-01A
MW-O"
MW-01A
~-03A
l1li-07& '
~-07&
~-O~'
~'03A
"",C3&
"".C7&
Il1o;,0111
..,.. en&
"".C3&
""'C7&
..,..0'6
"".C3&
""'03&
..,..c:..
..,.. C a
..,.. 03.\
""-C3&
Il1o;' 07&
Ilol' 0 18
Ilol-03..
.w-03A
1iIf-07&
P.~-te~
""",1 YI
~IYI
...... i YI
...,.. i YI
~e
~e
~e
"~e
..,. CIJf"Y
Mictel
.'ctel
"'ct.l
.'cl.l
P'oo: 8&& I-..If'
PO~'SII'..Ift
Po:", ,1ft
I>c:.,,:.ft
SOd'~
SOdI~
SOdI~
~OO'-
v 8t\8d I "'"
v It'\8d I 1.611
V8t\8d1 ~
v 8f'>ed ' '.ft
Z. "Ie
Z I '"C
Z \ '"C
Z ',-":
Toul
, 04.00
,~
'36QO
~
~
1"20
'1&0
~O
O. }o.
ge.1.
99.9
M.3
~63
..... "'r
"'-o.J;".
9P:
7t.2~
. :-<. --
'..........
.~oc
921.:
7'21.0
~2..J.:.
32.9
32,9
Diuol....a
CUll I)
7,.
,~ .
..'
376
~
30.7
9:2
(\4/1 )
'0100
S640
5550
2" 7'OC
222
659
65'-
2610
110
lie
110
110
. ~.
,,~
a3~:
5~:
wc
5~9:
~ br.::
~!:
5~C
,,,,". ....-
-.....
III:
5.5
..c
5 ,3
2~~
1.~,2
30
'''D
..,~
C):
.ot O.ac:Pd In Ccnc~"':~.: :y.~ C;r~.t~. -"''''' :ac~
-------
. - .- --. y-- """-~<"~'F-.-<~...~.
--..~-..J..-i~""'}~. .i~ "~'1. .""~. '.~~~~~(. i!".";Af..;';' -..', ... .
r ...- .' ~-~.. "'. _. ._.~ -..
J
.......~..""'-~_. 1._~ -.- . -.....
4~""':'-"~L ...
. - .
'-t&_~ -'.'" "u
Table" ....f- Ccrc..cr8cf... ., ConItfru..u 'ICIOrt8d 1ft Sl"fec8 WIlt.,.
et Ccrcencretf- ;,..t.,. a... or E~I to Cant"ect'~I"1d OuMtlt8t;0f'I Li8it
C08ITI n&r cc.alrul I" ~I'" ,c.L
(loiii t) LOCA TI 011 .f-.I \)
~
-;r. 1Ib1 !!W1I
. .
-
AI\8f... ZO. 4G) "-0] zoo
.....,. II ~ 9-5 "-OJ 5
Ottcf\8 51 ,]00 "-OJ 5000
c:oe.l t 67 "-03 50
I,.., 27,800 "-03 100
L88d 329 "-05 5
~1\8 4]. 100 "-02 5000
~. 4,150 "-03 15
Ilchl ~ "-03 1,0
Sod I U8 112,000 "-02 5000
Zinc 27'0 "-03 20
-------
...-.'".
'L-:-.:.:'-. .:....
-_. --
" ~,. ;-. ~..,.~..~:-::~;..:~-~~~~.~~#
~ .........
~.. ~
1:.'- .. -
-.
#
.. -,,. .-.
.":..~:....,
. .' . \.
Table 5 1tu'- c.ar.c..,acl... Of Caretftwenu I...-Ud 1ft klfece So'l at
tarlClntr.tl- lir88Cer C2\8ft or !~, to CGntrKt I..",.. o....m'tlt''''' L i.i t (tIOL)
tDIIIT I t\BT1 COIICPTU T ICJI ~IIIG ao~.
(811-.) LIXA TI CJI (../1111)
"
Yotlt'l. ~,~
u
Aut- 0.041 $1,08 0 ".
0'"
OI~tOl'C88t"- 0.051 SS.18 o.oc~
T r' ~ t OI'C88t"- 0.003 SS.e. O.OO~
S""¥Olltilt Or~i~
And\P'8C8rW 2.1 $$.3Z 0.33
lenzo(l)."tllrec- 1 1 1$.32 .0.33
lenzo(tI)f I uor."t"'- 9.5 SS.32 0.33
~o(k)fluor."tll- 1.! 5$.32 0.33
lenzo(,.II,i)pe~l- 309 SS'32 0.33
l4r\zo( I ) I'Yr - 11 $$.32 0.33
o,.(2-[t~YI~e.yl )~t~.I.t. O.,,~ 5$,33 0.33
~,...".- 5$.32 0.33
Oib8nlo(I,h)ant~rlC~ .2 SS'3Z 0.33
rIUDr."t~- ~6 n.32 0.33
:~('.2.3"::DYr- .. ~ $$'32 0.:13
:>OI~t"'- $$,32 ::u~
Py'- . 3 $S'32 0.33
:"'O~Q""c,..
AI..-'ra.- l' . 70C 5S'va 3.2
A',....,C n.: 510.32. Cob
'.r,.- 132 S$.32 . C.I.
h")lIli- bi SS'~ C.C2
:.Ic,- Z'9 .!IOO SS-3Z 2JOC
:"'rC81~ 19.7 SS'2~ 0.1:
:0011 t 27.3 $5.2C 1.2
C~r 1~ SS-~ C.I:
J 'on 35,900 55,:;" c.a
..tld 27.:3 SS.20 0.2
......., ~ I,Z'O SS'31 0.-
...,....... 1..160 5S' 3Z O.~
,..rcury 1.7 SS.Z1 0.1
-icllel 17. ~ 55, 3Z' 2.2
S.1."h... 0...1 $$.2Z 0.0
\lenedi~ ZZ $$,08 C.b
Z 1"1: ~.b $5.3Z 0.1.
ey." i Or 007' $s.ze C.5
~ti tld.... t i.i u IIIUd f.,. MIl'ltdi.."t Ire bend
l i.'ta C8lcullted bit tM I..,..t...., for loi I I,ldi.."t ,
r8CJo.llr8CI bit tM cantrct, Ifill be "'lNr.
on ...t ... i gfI to The Ou8nt It.: Ion
cllculated on dry ...ifht 0.1'$ '$
-oetect'an lI.lu for 8ft e.tr'8Ct of , ;r- of 101 id in 200 .1 of eatrecunt
bned ~ curr,"t JnatP'\8Mt Detection l.-ll (IDL'I).
-------
-.. .. .....
."-.:-':- ~', "':'''''''''''' ; .:
r'
-
- .:...l
-_.""o..<~~: ;~~Z~,L'~2:'''':&:~''..;.~~ ~-~c ~'-L- -
"".........."
, -----
"...
~ ......;....: ---
.-
."
~. ...,
Table 6- ....r_CI;~tt.~'- ef c..tftuMU '....,.t8d In Sedt...t It Corc~trle,ions "..e.r tfI",
w '--I t8 tile c.cnct ...,r'8d ~telefClft 'Llllie
aIIIT 1 T\88f
CCIICDITIAT ICII
(8111':8)
~IIIG
Lcx:aT ICII
CI~.
(YIlt,)
¥Oliff I. ~rCl
Ac.t-
Of ell (orC81tl\8w
0.*
0.014
.-04
SO-05
0.010
0.005
~j-¥OI'fll. ~fC1
14r\z0(1)",tPlrec-
14r\z0( b, t )f I UOI' Wle,..
14r\z0( I)pyr.,.
01 ryMne
, I uor Wlt"--
l>9\_tl'lr-
0.62
0.72
0.60
0.7tI
1.2
0.S4
0.9f.
SO-OI
11)-01
11)-01
$I) -0'
SO-O'
SO-01
SO.O,
0.33
0_33
0.33
0.33
C.33
C.JJ
0.33
~-
: "'O~~.~, cs"
, I ..... \ ......
5 ,1.<10 SD-O' ). 2,
7.~ s;:; ,01 0.::'
6a SO-O' C,...
2.9 SO-01 :.:2
'2 SO'OJ 0.::'
17 SO'O" . 2
20 SD.CJ C.6
JJ. bOO SD.03 O.!!
" SD ,01 ,
~.,
89'S SD'Ol O.~
1./0 SD-03 O. ,
17 $D-o.. 2.2
17 SD -C3 0.6
69 SD.C' 0....
'~SP""" C
aa"""
h-'I'[: '<.III
:~~0f8I"'"
:XI8. :
COQ)f'
: ,.. or"
. .80
.."'91~'.
..'c~t"'y
Io'ct.,
.. ..-.d , >.If.
: , f"C
.Q.......:'tat'gn ll.ita lilted for loil/led188f1t Ir. bUed on...t ...,;tIt. TI'I. Qu.81"Ptit'Ol"
l,..ts CIlc_.lted b¥ tPl. 18borltory for IOil/led,-.nt, cltc_ilted on ory "';l'It 0.515 15
r~l;ed by tl'l. caner8Ct, .111 be lIillfler.
.,-"'.tKt,gn ll.its for.. uerect of 1 ir. of sOlId I,.. 200.1 of utrac:.,.:
0.1.0 ~ current lnatr~t O.tKtian l.v.15 tIOl'S).
-------
. \..
:... .....
-.: --:~~. 'OfL"'-'
'f,J.'~~:L........'
.: "': _. .
--
'-~.- .
-- ......
--IUoL.....
. ..:--. ....'
- -..-.-.
5
'i':
Frequency ot occurrence - 1,2 Dlchloroethane va. identified
In leachate at relatively high concentration. and 1n the
ground vater.
1,2, Dichloroethane i. a relatIvely mobile con.tituent based
upon the phy.ical ch..ical data available.
v
Benzene vas selected as a indicator chemical because:
Toxicity - Benzene is carcinogenic.
Occurrence - Benzene was identified in the leachate and
ground-water samples.
Benzene is environmentally mobile based upon available
physical chemical data.
Benzo(a)pyrene was s~lected as a indicator chemical because:
Toxicity - Benzo(a)pyrene is carcinogenic.
Benzo(a)pyrene was identified in the landfill waste samples.
Benzo(a)pyrene is representative of the heavy PAH's also
identified i~ ~he various media at the site.
Ethylbenzene was selected as a indicator chemical because:
Ethylbenzene was identified in the landfill waste samples
including the landfill waste, borings, and the leachate.
Ethylbenzene is a landfill waste constituent.
Ethylbenzene is non-carcinogenic though highly toxic.
EthylbenzEnc .~ a me~ber of the volatile organic subgroup.
-. Heptachlor was selected as a indicator che=ical because:
Toxicity - Heptachlor is carcinogenic.
Heptachlor is a pesticlde and therefore, was selected to
.represent the pesticide/herbicide chemicals identified at
the site.
Phenol was selected as a indicator chemical because:
Phenol has been identified in the landfill waste, borings,
and leachate samples.
Phenol is a waste constituent within the landfill.
-------
~.,; -- -.. .
........., ~
118 -' ~ . -;T~~~~"-':- -~ ~
....... .....-.. - ---..
'-. .. --
~...- ._.~ - . -
6
Phenol va. chosen a. the representative che.ical tor all the
phenolics at the .ite, due to the tact that Phenol is known
to .be deposited in the landfill.
Styrene (monomer) va. identified as a indicator che.1cal because:
Even though Styrene (monomer) has not been identitied in any
ot the eight 88dia identitied at the site, styrene (monomer)
is known to have been deposited in the landfill.
Arsenic was selected as a indicator chemical because:
Toxicity - arsenic is carcinogenic.
Frequency - arsenic was detected in all media at the site.
Manganese was identified as a indicator chemical because:
Frequency - Manganese has been detec~ed in all media at the
site.
Nickel .as selected as a indica~~~ c~e~ical because:
Frequency - Nickel .as identified in all me=ia at the site.
To be . the mos t conserva t i ve, the r.1ax i ~um concent:-a t i::m of each
indicato:- chemical was us~j detected in each of the seven media.
B.
Exposure Assessment
An exposure assessment was used t~ ide~~i!y the potential
environmental pathways and to estimate the contamination at the
exposure point based on ~vailab:e da~a. .
four factors were used tc iden~i!y exp=sc~e pathways and a~e as
follows:
1. Chemical sourc~ and release r.1echanisms to the
environment.
2. The environmental transpo:-t ~edium for the released
chemical.
3. Exposure point or the pci~t cf potential receptor contact
with the contamin~ted media.
4. The receptor exposure route (e.g., ingestion of drinking
water) . .
. The Schilling Landfill represents the release source to the
environment with the previously mentioned seven media as
-------
, . .
'';:.... ---..:::....... - .~ - , --... ~
o
o
. _.~. :'~~~~~~:..~ ~.~'.~.~~l:. .~~ ..
, ..~.~.:.;. . ..;aa,-'
. ~- ~.,a...-
-
.; -".
---
...- - . ..
7
transport -.diu. for the released cheaical.
down a. toll ow.:
SOi18 represent a potential transport aediua becau.. direct
conuct vi th contaainated 80ils by bWian and anvirolUlental
receptor. aay r..ult in deraal, inhalation, or oral
expo8Ur8. .
The .84ia are broken
o
o
Straaa sediments are a potential transport medium because
direct content by humans and environmental receptors may
result in deraal or oral exposure .
o
Landtill wast. including borings within the dam are not a
potential transport .edium to humans since they are beneath
the landfill cap. Environmental receptors, especially
burrowing animals, would be affected ~y dermal or oral
exposure.. .
o
Leachate represents a transport medium since direct contact
by humans and environmental receptors may result in dermal,
inhalation, or oral 'exposure.
o
Surface water represents potential transport medium because
direct'contact by humans and. environmental receptors may
result in dermal or oral exposure.
Ground water through direct contact may result in dermal or
oral exposure. However, no one is using the contaminated
groundwater at present.
Air is considered a transport cedium because direct
inhalation by humans and environmental receptors may result
in exposure.
Potential Receptors
A four mile radius surrounding the site was used to determine
potential human receptors. The area is primarily undeveloped
land and the area immediately surrounding the site is rural., It
is estimated that 23,000 persons, including Earl Schilling and
. his family, live within the four mile radius, of which 18,692
reside in towns and 4,308 reside in rural areas. Near the
Schilling site, approximately SO homes are present,
(approximately 200 people) on Rock Hollow Road. Potentially
sensitive subgroups of the population are children, (0-14 yrs.),
women of child-bearing age (15-34 yrs.), and elderly (6S yrs. and
greater) .
A potential risK to environmental receptors exists since track,
scat, and other sign indicate deer, rabbits, raccoons and other
small mammals frequent the site area.
,.
-------
I
.
,
T 1&.-.- ......._~ .......'
," ...............
~ ..---. -..
-_..._-~.
- -. . .
8
Exposure Rou~84
An expoaure roqte 1. that JleChanl.. by which a cbe81cal within an
e.avlrolUleftt.al tran.port IMcUua at an exposure point can enter the
- receptor. For 8XaJlple, an exposure route would be inge.tion of
: vater fr08a cont:.aJIlnated ..11. Expo.ure route potential,
. ~tlfiecS a. hlgb, aoderate, or low, 1. presented In Table 7.
ft. relative acce..1blllt:y ot the ch8JIlcals identitled.in each
8841a type and concentrations at Which the chemicals were
detected, were considered to assign a high, moderate, or low
exposure route potential. .
EXDOsure Pathway~
A complete exposure pathway consists of four components:
1. A source and mechanism of chemical release to the
environment.
2. .\.n environmental transport r.1ediurn (groundwater, surface
water etc.).
3. A point of potential receptor contact with the
contaminated medium.
4. A receptor exposure route (ingestion, inhalation and
dermal contact).
If any of these four components is not present, the pathway is
incomplete. Table 7 summarizes the results of the. exposure
evaluation. Based upon this review of the exposure route
potential, a human/environmental pathway analysis was conducted
for each media type. Table 8 summarizes the pathways evaluation
for both human and environmental receptors.
C.
Toxicity Assessment
Cancer potency factors (CPFs) have been developed by EPA's
Carcinogen Assessment Group for estimating excess lifetime
cancer risks associated with exposure to potentially carcinogenic
chemicals. CPFs, which are expressed in units of (mg/kq-day)-l,
are multiplied by the estimated intake of a potential carcinogen,
in mqjkg-day, to provide an upper-bound estimate of the excess
lifetime cancer risk associated with exposure at that intake
level. The term "upper bound" reflects the conservative estimate
of the risks calculated from the CPF. Use of this approach makes
underestimation of the actual cancer risk highly unlikely.
Cancer potency factors are derived from the results ot human
epidemiological studies or chronic animal bioassay. to which
animal-to-hWian extrapolation and uncertainty factors have been
applied. . .
-------
. a"
.--.
~..;~4'i~~~:'~~-:;'~
a,", .. ..- -
---
............ ,...--:...:.,-..:.:....',(.~' -....f.''''''~' --'
...~.
.~
.' . :'5~'"
'8..1. 8
"".." .
C4..1~ bposun Pathway AnalY8ia by Media and Jt.c.P~or Type
". ~ ""
. . -
. .... KEDU TYn
.;j
SUrt8C8 LandrUl SoU tea~~. Surrac. Cround I
DfDICUQIt OIEIII~ azcw.~~ 1011 Sed1~ .a8~. Iorinq Sup1. w.~.r Va~.r Air
R\man JIZ) lID I I c: III) c: I MO
~.~-Dlcaloroeth&n8 Eav. JIZ) lID JI1) I c:
" III) c: MO
IIUaM lID JI1) I I c: 1ft) c: MO
-'ene
!mo. JrD III) JrD I c: MO c: I Me
Huaan c: c: I I JrD NO NO I MO
knzo(a)pyren.
Env. c: C C I I 1ft) MO 1ft) I HO
Huaan III) C I I I c He I MO ! c
E't.h y lbe.n z en. I
Env. lit) C C .. I c I MO I NO I c
..
I I
I I I
Huaan lED Me I I I C I HO I NO I NC
Hep~ac:.hlor I I i
/£nv. 1m HO C I I I C I NO N~ , N:
I ! ' I
rH~n C I NO / I I = I C NO I c s~
.w
?hencl ' I I ,
I I
,Env. C HO C . C , NO C
.. I
I ,
.H~an N'O NO .. r NO NO N~ s:
..
~)\:yrer:e (Hono:=er; I
~£nv. HO NO C .. NO ND N: s:
I
.HUJllan C C ::: r c NO C C
"rsen:.c I
'[nv. C C C I C NO I c C
I
I " -
iHUJllan C C . I C c . ~ c ; c
.. :
I'!a:"\qanese I
IEnv. C C i c T C C c ; C
.. I-
I r
I Huaan C C I I C C C C
Slckel /tnv.
C C I c I C C C C
NO - Inco.pl.~.: c::b-i c:.a 1 no~ de~e~8d
C - C08p18~.
I -. Incoapl.~.: no expo8ure rou~. exis~s becau.e t.he si~e is covered t:y
a cap, and 8011 be inq. vere ob~ain8d rrOIl d.ptil. or 10.5 ~ee~ be:o\i
t.h. qround surtace.
tnv. - E.nviron.aen~al r..cep~or
NOTE: 5urticial aoU s&JIple 55-)2 and 5.da.n~ SaAple SO-Ol
ar. no~ ..,aluated a. t.hese da~. poin~a are i.pac~.d by
sources oth.r t.han Shilllnq Land t ill.
ND
-------
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~ .....,...._- --
----. ~-_..~_.. -~._.
"
...... -..- -~...- ~ -..~- A
-- '
'......:- - --.......t. .. \. .
9
Reterence dos.. (RtD8) have been developed by EPA tor indicatinq
the potential for adverse health ettecta tro. exposure to
cbeaical. exhibitlnq non-carcinogenic ettecta. RtD8, Which are
expoaur. in unit. ot ~kq-day, are eatiaate. ot litetiae daily
exposure level. tor huaana, includlnq aensitive individuals, that
i. not likely to be without an appreciable ri.k ot adverse health
ettect.. Eatia.tad intake. ot cheaicala tro. environaental media
Ce.q., the 88OW1t of a chemical inqested trom contaminated
drinking vatar) can be compared to the RtD. RtDs are derived
trom huaan epideaioloqical atudies or animal studies to which
uncertainty factors have been applied (e.q.,to account tor the
use ot aniaal data to predict ettects on human). These
uncertainty factors help ensure that the RfDs will not
underestimate the potential tor adverse non-carcinogenic effects
to occur.
D.
Risk Characteri&ation
The potential risks to human health were determined for dermal
exposure, oral ingestion and inhalation on a media-specific basis
for each of the indicator chemicals. .
Excess lifetime cancer risks are determined by mUltiplying the
intaKe level w~th the cancer potency factor. These risKs are
probabilities that are generally expressed in scientific notation
(e.g., 1 X 10-6). An excess lifetime cancer risk of 1 X 10-6
indicates that, as a plausible upper bound, an individual has a
one in one million chance of developing cancer as a result of
site related exposure to a carcinogen over a 70 year lifetime
under the specific exposure conditions at the site. The Agency
has determined that the upper bound acceptable risK for exposure
to carcinogens at this site is 1 X 10-6 '
Potential concern for non-carcinogenic effects of a single
contaminant in a sinqle medium is expressed as the hazard
quotient (HQ) or the ratio of the estimated intake derived from
the contaminant's reference dose. By adding the HQs for all
contaminants within a medium or across all media to which a given
population may reasonably be exposed, the Hazard Index (HI) can
be generated. The HI provides a useful reference point for
gauging the potential significance of multiple contaminant
exposures within a sinqle medium or across media. The Agency has
determined that the upper bound acceptable risk for exposure to
non-carcinogens at this site is a Hazard Index of less than 1.
Estimated daily intakes were calculated for adults and children
at both long 'tenn (20 days) and short term (1 day) exposure
durations. Site specific intake values included; trequency of
exposure, duration of exposure, body weight, ingestion and
inhalation rates.
-------
~._- ......._..--J.
- ..-..-' - -,;..
~. ~. '" - -- - IIJ1>.r~a-
i .-....
..... """"---~''''
. ~ -...r.- -~.. --- '.
10
I
The tollovinq as.uap~ionaw.re incorporated in characterizing the
potential rl.k to huaan he.lth:
o
o
The calculation 01' e.tiaated daily. intake. as8U88d that the
receptors (adult. and children) would trequent the .ite 1 to
20 days per y-r out 01' 365 day. per year. The traction of
lil'eti8e expo.ed va. 1/70 01' . litetime. .
o
The ground-vater 88diua pathway calculations assumed that
the receptor vould drink and/or bathe in the vater daily.
o
It was assumed that the average weight and life expectancy
of an adult vas 70 kg and 70 years, respectively.
o
The average veiqht ot a child was assumed to be 20 to 40 kg,
while it was assuaed that a receptor would be considered a
child for five year. (Le. child's "lifetime" was five
years) .
Information presented in Table 9.
Tables lOA through 218 sU~~arize the calculated intakes and risks
to children and adults. Two of the indicator chemicals (arsenic
and Heptachlor) have both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic
effects were evaluated as both. The daily intakes for non-
carcinogens were summed over each route of exposure and compared
to the reference dose. The daily intakes for carcinogens were
multiplied by the carcinogenic potency factor and summed over
each exposure route. Tables 22 through 27. Except for ingestion
of nickel in groundwater by adults, the most conservative risk
was to children.. .
Non-carcinoqenic Risk
Ingestion Exposure Route
The estimated daily intakes for a child for ingestion were summed
over all media types and cornparedto allowable intakes. The
results from calculations for the non-carcinogens indicate that
manganese is the only indicator chemical which poses an
unacceptable risk to human health. See Table 23. The manganese
concentrations in surface soil samples from the site ranged from
4.1 to 1210 mg/kg with an average of 560 mg/kg. The average
concentration throughout the United States is 560 mg/kg. ~
bi~AQ~t: valttc eA liilte i. £till ~ithif'J no~al Rat\:1ralraneJ~3... ./
Inhalation Exposure Route
The inhalation exposure route analysis for non-carcinoq~nic
indicator chemicals show that there would be QQunacceptable
risks as a result of exposure. Tables lOA through 21B.
\i\"m:f~ +iI<, (. ~~.)'
-------
- -..-...- ~ .......
~~~~-
............ .0.... .------
--.-.-.-... -..--...
'..__.'~ -
- - . ...-
11
Ceraal Expo.ure R~
The deraal expoaUr8 route analysia for non-carcinogenic chemicals
indicate there would be ~unacceptable risks a. a re.ult of v/
expoaure. Table. lOA throu9ff 21B. .
Carcinoaenic Risk
Ingestion Exposure Route
A total incremental risk was calculated tor a child tor ingestion
tor the carcinogenic indicator chemicals over all media. the
results show three indicator chemicals (arsenic (8.92 X 10-3),
benzene (7.32 X 10-6) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1.4 X 10-5)) pose
an unacceptable risk. The calculated incremental risks indicate
that both benzene and 1,2 dichloroethane exceed the 1 X 10-6 risk
level in groundwater beneath and adjacent to the site. However,
the maximum concentrations detected in the groundwater do not
exceed the MCLs tor these compounds. This, coupled with the low
potential ot this groundwater to be used as a drinking water
source, poses little ri~k to nearby populations. Use
restrictions will ce implemented to insure that groundwater at
the site will not be used for h~~an cor.sumption.
Arsenic exceeds the 1 X 10-6 risk level in four of the site-
specific media (groundwater (7.19 X 10-)); leachate (1.73 X 10-
3), surface soils (5.44 X 10-6) and sediment (2.42 X 10-6)). The
arsenic concentrations in. surface soils from the site ranged from
o t~ 11 mg/kg for a mean concentration of 4.0 mg/kg. The
background concentrations of sediment was from 4.5 mg/kg to non
detected tor a mean concentratioD of J.4 mg/kg. The calculated
risk for arsenic at. the site is~o~parable for risks computed for
natural occurring concer.~ratio~~throughout the United States.
Dermal Exposure Route
A total incremental rlsk for a child via dermal exposure was
calculated for the carcinogenic indicator chemicals over all
media. The calculations show two indicator chemicals (benzene
(S.OJ X 10-6) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1.88 X 10-5)) pose an
unacceptable risk. Again the potential for drinking groundwater
is low and maximum concentrations are below the MCLs. In
leachate, 1,2-dichloroethane at 14 mg/l exceeds the MCLs.
Inhalation Exposure Route
The inhalation exposure route indicates there would be no .
unacceptable risk as a result of exposure to existing conditions.
Tables lOA through 21B.
-------
~..., ~...__..-
-
.... ..-'
..... ... ." --.".
12
8.
Concl 118 ion
Tbe risk assessment tor the l.R. Schilling site evaluated the
. 8ite apecific physical and analytical data in characterizing
potential risks to hu.an health and the environment in the
. abaence of any r8Jledia.l action at the .i te. The risk assessment
aay also ..rve as the baseline against which proposed remediation
alternatives may be evaluated.
Twenty-nine complete human receptor and thirty-seven complete
environaental receptor exposure pathways exist based on the ten
indicator chemicals. .
The risk characterization has been based on a worst case
assumption that the same child will be exposed to all media types
over an extended period of time (i.e. five years) or adult for 70
years.
The risk characterization exposure via inhalation was evaluated
by summing over all media (i.e. most conservative approach). The
results indicated that inhalation did not currently present an
unacceptable risk to human health.
Exposure via ingestion and dermal contact was also summed over
all media (i.e. most conservative approach). The results
indicated that exposure via ingestion and dermal contact
potentially posed an unac=eptable risk. The non-carcinogenic
indicator chemical present with an unacceptable hazard index
(266) was manganese. .The carcinogenic indicator chemicals
present at unacceptable risk levels were benzene (7.32 X 10-6,
ingestion: 8.03 X 10-6, dermal), 1,2-dichloroethane (1.41 X 10-5,
ingestion: 1.88 X 10-5, dermal), and arsenic.(8.92 X 10-5,
ingestion). However, if ground water was considered separate
from the other seven media types, the risk to human health due to
exposure via ingestion or dermal contact is very low. Evaluating
the ground-water p~thway separately is entirely appropriate as
the exposure assessment conservatively indicates that a low
potential tor exposure exists via the ground-water pathway. This
was supported by analytical data from the ground-water source
nearest the landfill which showed the absence of site-specific
chemicals. In addition, the maximum concentrations for benzene
(0.005 89/1) and 1,2-dichloroethane (0.005 mg/l) detected in the
ground water do. not exceed the ground-water ARARs, . (0.005 mg/l)
and (0.005 89/1) respectively.
The site-specific and national average natural background
concentrations of arsenic and manganese, the two inorganic
indicator chemicals which exceed ground-waterARARs, are well
within the expected ranges for those metals in all media types at
the site.
-------
a'-a"":"''; 'i..;,,~~
"........ ;-
..La. A;;' "'-1- ;~L:. ~:s.;...-::.
..:. ~~~~ "#. ~.-..
'~--
- '-...... ."-...~ -
- - - -----.>-
13
the conservative aS8U8ptiona that were uaed throuC)bout the riak
calculation proce.., unacceptable ri.k8 are preaent. Detailed
ri.Jt calcalatiol\8 were not
1.
Alternative 1 - No Action
2 .
Alternative 4 - Containment with Leachate Treatment
3. Alternative 5 - Excavation with On-site
Treatment/On-site Disposal
4. Alternative 7 - Excavation with On-site
Treatment/Off-site Disposal
5. Alternative 8 ~ Excavation with Partial
Treatment/On-site Disposal
Alternative I - No Action
Used as a base> line for comparative analysis, this alternative
would leave the site as is. >
Alternative" - Contairment with Leachate Treablent
Alternative 4, the selected alternative for this Record ot Decision
includea the to 1 I owing:
-------
:~~a..~..
o
o
o
o
. ',' ..,
. '..1''''
,.._. -.. .~ ,I.."-.M"-'"'- -.. ~..
.~.. ...:.~~ ~- .
~.-. ~-'~ ----
.........- ._.
.._.;"......... .
...." ----.
14
o
Con.truct 8 ~ that co.plie. vith Subtitle C of RCRA and
equivalent State regulation. over the J-acre landfill
thereby contatn,iD9 100,000 cubic yards ot landfill vaste.
The cap vill extend over the landfill face and con.istot
clay vith a peraeabi11ty of 1 X 10-7 ca/s or le...
I.prove dam .tability by adding a clay berm to increase the
factor of satety to greater than 1.5.
o
o
Install a periaeter cut-ott wall consisting of 15 feet af
slurry vall and 40 teet ot grout curtain. Lateral flow of
groundwater into the landfill waste will be eliminated.
o
Instal~ a peri..ter interceptor drain outside the cut-off
wall to control overtopping of the cut-off wall and drain
groundwater away trom the landfill.
o
Excavate 500 cubic yards of sediment and 750 cubic yards of
surface soils adjacent to the landfill and located down from
the earthen dam. The excavated material will be
consolidated into the landfill. Soils will be excavated and
consolidated to achieve a cumulative risK of less than 1x10-
6 carcinogenic risK and a cumulative non-carcinogenic hazard
index of less than 9r equal to 1.. The soil and sediment
does not contain RC~A regulated wastes.
:::
Install wells upstrea~ of the da~ to collect and treat
leachate. The landfill will be dewatered of approximately
'7,000,000 gallons of leachate. Treatment on-site will
consist of metal precipitation, air stripping of organics,
and carbon adsorption. Approximately 1,000,000 gallons of
project generated wastewater will also be treated in the on-
site treatment plant. NPDES effluent limitations will be met
for any discharge.
Quarterly sampling of all ~onitaring wells. If ihe r~sults
exceed action levels which are a cumulative cancer risk of
less than l X 10-6 and a cur.~lative non-carcinogenic hazard
index less than or equal to one, treatment of groundwater
will occur in the on-site leachate treatment plant.
A maintenance and, inspection prograrn will be implemented.
Security measures such as a fence and security guard will be
implemented to limit access. ~ deed restriction will be
filed with the county court.
Estimated capital cost would be $6,444,000 for this remedy
with an annual c,' K cost of $99,000. Operation would be
tor 30 years tor a tota: cost of $9,412.000. The time to
implement the construction phase of this remedy would be one
year. .
,
-------
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. .... ~- -.-- -
#-.--.... .
~. ~J.
.
-- .
.... --_.
.., - ~. -..-""".-"
15
Alternative 5 - Excavation with On-site Treatment/Disposal
Alternative 5 consists of the following:
o
Excavate 100,000 c~bic yards of landfill waste including the
earthen dam.
o
Exhume a11 drums, estimated to be 5000.
o
Excavate 750 cubic yards surface soils and 500 cubic yards
of sediment.
o
Drums, the remaining uncontainerized waste, contaminated
sed~ments, earthen dam till material and surface soils will
be treated on-'si te in accordance wi th RCM Subpart 0 .
standards using a thermal destruction unit. The unit would
be mobilized, operated, and closed according to the
requirements of RCM Subpart 0, 40 CFR 264.340.' These
requirements, though not applicable because the hazardous
substances to be treated a~e neither RCRA listed nor RCM
characteristic ...as:e, have been determined to be relevant
and appropriate. Specific operating practices necessary to
meet perfo~ance objectives including a 99.99 percent
destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of stack emissions
as required by Subpart 0 of RCP~, would be determined
thr~ugh a trial burn at the site after installation 0: the
the~a: destru=tio~ ~~:t.
o
Residue ...aste inclu~:n~ as~ .:ll be solidified and
deposited ir. a sec~~e cell en-site. Delisting of ash is
possible. .
o
The estimated cap:tal cest fc~ this alternative is
$46,831,000 ...ith ar.nual costs of $9,000 for ]0 years fo~ a
total cost of S~7,10~,OOC. :he ti~e needej to i~ple~e~t
this remedy is 3 years.
Alternative 7 (Excavation ...ith On-site Treatment and Off-site
Disposal)
o
o
o
o
Excavate 100;00:
earthen dam.
cubic
yarjs =fla~dfill waste includlng the
Exhum~ all drums, estimated to be 2000.
Excavate 750 cubic yards surface soil~ and 500 cubic yards
of sediment.
Drums, the remaining unconta:nerized waste, contaminated
sediments, earthen dam fill material and surface soils ...ill
-------
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,
I
-..-... -.-
;." ;"~-~
-------
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.
...:... ~._.
" ,
.. ..... -...L~
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17
To evaluate 88c:b alternative, nine criteria are used to
determine the be.t balance ot tradeotts between the "
alternat1v... The nine evaluation criteria are .. tollows:
1.
OVerall Protection ot Human Health and the Environment
2.
Compliance with ARARs
3.
Long-Term Etfectiveness and Permanence
4 .
Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, or Volume through
Treatment
5.
Short-Term Effectiveness
6.
Implementability
7.
Cost
8.
State
Acceptance
9.
COr.',:~un: ty Accep<:a:-.:-e
Overall Protection
Excluding the No~Action a:te~~a:ive. the re~aining four
alternatives are protective of hu~anhealth and the environ~ent.
Alternative 7 removes all waste f~o~ the site and "is the most
protective. Alternative 5 removes all organic material, but
leaves metal-~aden ash on~site in a secure cell.. Alte~native 8
destroys dru:ns and highly conta:;.inated ...aste on-site and the
re~aining waste is placed i~ a secure ce:l on-site.
Institutional measures .ill be i~ple~ented to control exposure
pathways. Alternative 4 uses treat~ent. engineering controls and
lnstitutional measures to co~trcl the exposure path~ays.
Compliance with ARAR's
All Federal and State regulations will be ~et by Alternative ~,
5, 7 and 8, excluding OAC 3745-27-10(c) (3). U.S. EPA hereby
waives Ohio Administrative Code (OAC) require~ent 3745-27-
lO(c) (3) concerning the landfill slope down from the earthen dam
through CERCLA Section J?: :d; :~) \~~ because ~f the technical
impracticabliit] of complying with this OAC requirement. u.s.
EPA and OEPA determined that compliance with OAC 3745-27-10(C) (3)
cannot reasonably be accomplished because of the unique"
topography ot the area. adjacent to the ~arthen dam, is illogical
trom an engineering perspective, and is not as reliable a method
of controlling drainage as the selected alternative. The slope
of the cap over the landfill, between the dam and the highwall,
will be between 1 percent and 25 percent. " "
-------
'. :.................... ~
I J.I-.
, -'-'. 'c,',',: .-~-.- . .
: . -,.~~............,..~. .' ':>.>i..... ..:.:,. w
~ .: :-,--"-..-:.,,,,,....---. ..........IL....~.~--
. ... -- .
"
18
LOnq-ter. Ettect:lveneaa and Pe~ence (LEP)
Alternatlv.. .,5 and . have an on-.ite secure landfill in common.
All three vill requlr. routine aaintenance and aonitoring to
confina long-ter. effectivene.. and permanence. Alternative 7 is
. clean closure Vbldb vill be permanent it achieved.
Alternatives 4,5, and 8 do not eliminate long-term management
needs, because each Alternative has an on-site landtill tor
residual vaste. A clean closure for Alternative 7 may eliminate
long-ter. .anagement.
Reduction ot Toxicity, Mobility, or Volume through Treataent
Alternatives 5 and 7 are identical considering the extent of
reduction achieved for vaste toxicity, mobility or volume. Both
Alternatives reduce the toxicity, volume or mobility of the waste
(solid and liquid) significantly. Alternative 8 destroys drums
and highly contaminated waste and controls mobility of t~e
remaining waste through a secure cell. Alternatives 4 will
address the statutory preference for reduction of toxicity,
mobility or volume of waste by treating leachate and controlli~;
mobility.. .
Short-Tera Ef fect,i veness
A:ternatives 5 and 7 are almost identical in short-term
effectiveness. Both Alternatives require excavation and on-site
treatment of the entire landfill contents, which will require
about J years. Alternative 7 involves a higher short-term. risk
of ex~osure to the public than Alternative 5 due to off-site
transportation of residual ""aste.
The uncertainties associated with excavation are the same for
Alternative 8, as excavation of the landfill waste is proposed.
However, the intensity and extent of exposure are considerably
less for Alternative 8 as compared to Alternatives 5 and 7. This
is because Alternative 8 proposes to treat only highly toxic
waste, which will require less time for treatment and less time
for potential exposure during remediation.
The short-term risk ot public exposure for Alternative 4 is
minimum compared to the other three Alternatives because the
landfill disturbance and excavation of solid waste are avoided.
Considering the short-term effectiveness, Alternative 4 is the
best of the tour alternatives because the severity, extent and
duration of potential short-term exposure risk to the. public are
minimized.
-------
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-...~-.;I, ~~,. :..-
~. ""'.t-. .a......-..-.....'" -~--.... . "II.:
........." ".
-.~- .
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.
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r.
19
IIIple88nt:eill t7
Conventional and proven technologi.. viII be required to
18pleJl8nt Alternative c. .0 uncert.1ntie. of solid vaat. .
excavation are as.ociated vith Alternative 4 a. vitb tbe other
alternative.. Adequacy and reliability of control. can be easily
verified by co.pliance 8Onitorinq veIl.. . HPDES..tfluent
l18itation. viII be ..t tor any diacharqe. Furthermore, all
other Alternative. have this co.ponent (leachate treatment) in
common. Alternative. 5, 7 and 8 can be implemented, but with
somewhat more difficulty in comparison to Alternative 4.
Cost Analysis
The cost of each alternative was determined based on 1989 dollars
with a zero discount rate. The following formula was used to
calculate the cost:
Capital Cost X (Annual
Cost
X Opera~ional Years) = Total
Cost
Alternative 4 = 6,444,000 X (99,000 X 30) = $9,412,000
Alterna~lve 5 =
41:,831,00':; >:
(9,00C X 30) = $47,104,000
A:ternative 7 = 45,61:,000 X (0 X 30) = $45,611,000
Al~ernative 8 = 22,95:,000 X (9,OOe X 273,C00) = $23,224,000
State Acceptance
The State of Ohio
concu:-s
. . .
.:~h the selected :-e~edy.
Community Acceptance
Specific comments and c~nce:-ns
Responsiveness Summary.
a:-e 3dd:-essed in ~he
9 .
Se 1 ected Raaedy
The remedy which provides the best trade off between the nine
criteria is alternatlve 4. The containment with leachate
treatment remedy uses en~ineering controls such as a RCRA
Subtitle C .cap, a cut-off wall, dam improvements, interceptor
drains, consolidation within the landfill of 500 cubic yards of
sediment and 750 cubic yards of surface soils adjacent to the
landfill, and treatment of 7,000,000 gallons of liquid waste and
leachate through dewatering the landfill. Institutional controls
consisting of a fence surrounding the site, quarterly monitoring
of all monitoring wells, and restrictions on use of the property
will be implemented. The site will undergo a five year review
per the requirement. of SARA.. .
-------
"'0. " . .o....~.. .':. .~- f '
"_.#' -..-_!..... ----I "-"'~~----"..'.. ":......... _'_~M .'~ ..
~'.IIL........
-..
'-l
---- 0 .,
'_0
. -_....
.
~o
Tbe. clean-up level. attAined at the conclusion ot the response
action viII corre.poad to the elLaination of all CU8Ulative
Qrcinoqenic riska greater than 1x10-6 and a reaaining cumulative
non-carcinoqenic haurd index ot le.s than or equal to 1.
Backqround levels ot inorganic. viII be taken into consideration.
Cround vater viII be 8Onitored and it it exceeds action levels
viII be treated in the leachate system.
The folloving is a breakdown of the cost associated with each
component of the reaedy:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j )
k)
I)
zr.)
n)
0)
p)
Dam Improvaaent $ 202,000
Cap 310,000
Slurry Wall 105,000
Grout CUrtain 1,960,000
Interceptor Trench 140,000
Grading 60,000
Wells or Sumps 133,000
Excavate Soil' Sediwent 5,000
Treatment (30 years) 2,608,000
Security 25,000
Contra=t Documents 235,000
QA/QC 560,000
Inspection (30 years) 23,000
Monitoring 1,174,000
o & M 134,000
Contingency (15%) 1,128,000
Total Cost = Capital
Co~t +
Annual Cost x operational years
= 6,444,000 _. (99,000) (30) - $9,412,OO~
The estimates use the follo~ing data and assucptions:
c)
a)
Total volume of solid .aste ~ithin the landfill is es~i~a~ej
at approxi~ately 70,000 cucic yards based on the geophysical
survey data.
b)
. Contaminated soil and sediment are assumed to have the
following volumes tor estimating purposes.
(i) 30,000 cubic yards of c6ntaminated soil beneath
landfill
(ii) 750 cubic yards of contaminated surface soil adjacent
to landfill
(iii) 500 cubic yards of contaminated sediment.
Total leachate volume in the landfill is estimated at 7
million gallons assuming the landfill waste is 70,000 cubic
yards, it is fully saturated a~d has a porosity of 50%.
-------
;:0)
:1)
0)
.._~'-
...... -....
-
- .
-
."---". --........ ---..-
21
d)
The volu.. ot contaminated vater, to be produced trom
deconta.inatioD ot excavation equipment and peraonnel, i5
assu.ed at about 1 .illion 9a110na.
eam I.provement: approxiaate1y 17,000 cubic yards 01' clay.
e)
f)
Cap, .u1ti-layer consisting ot two teet ot8011, one foot of
sand, synthetic liner and two teet of clay.
g)
h)
Slurry Wall; 1,400 teet long, 15 feet deep.
Grout CUrtain: 1,400 feet long, 70 feet deep.
i)
Interceptor Trench: 1,400 feet long, 15 feet deep.
j )
Grading with concrete ditches and landscaping around the
cap.
1<)
Collection, treatment and discharge of leachate with an
initial volu~e of 7 ~illion gallons and additional volume of
5 GP~ for a 30-year period.
~ )
Excavation of conta~:na~ed soil
in existih; .landf:ll.
and sedimen":,
and placernen~
I'!:n:torlng
of wel:s s~rr=~n~:ng
site.
Inspection and 0 & ~ fer
a J~.-ye3=-
pe r i oc.:-
A site revie~ every five years.
Minor changes to the recedy may occur as a result of the remedial
design and construction processes.
10.
Statutory Determination
The remedy will control and eli~inate risks associate: ~ith
the E.H. Schilling Landfill. The statutory requirements of
CERCLA Section 121 are satisfied .ith this remedy. T~e
statutory requirements include the following:
1.
Protectior: of Hu~ar. Health and the Environment.
:2 .
Compliance with Applicable or Re:evant and
Appropriate Requirements.
) .
Cost Effectiveness.
4.
Utilization of Permanent Solutions and Alternative
Treatment (or resource recovery) Technologies to
the Maximum Extent Practicable.
-------
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- "'...---:",--.. -_....~- - .
22
5.
Preterence tor Treataent as a Principal Element.
Protection of B\man Realt2a and the Envirol1ll~
."
The containaant vith leachate treataent use. engin.ering
control., treataent, and 1n.titutional control. to protect
bWian health and the anvlroNl8nt. !'he landtill viII be
devatered and the leachAte viII be treated. The RCRA
Subtitle C cap and 1.prov88anta to the dam viII prevent
leachate generation and keep the vaste in place. The cut-
oft vall viII prevent lateral Claw of groundwater into the
landtill and the soils and sediments adjacent to the dam
that have been exposed to leachate vill be consolidated.
Quarterly monitorinq, aaintenance, security and deed
restrictions viII be implemented.
The exposure levels vill be reduced to a cumulative cancer
risk of less than 1 X 10-6 and a cumulative non-
carcinogenic hazard index of less than or equal to 1.
Background conditions will be taken into consideration.
Since excavation of the landfill waste is avoided; short-
term risks to workers and surrounding public will be
avoided. .
Compliance vith Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate
Requirements
Alternative 4, Containment with Leachate Treatment win
comply with all applicable or relevant and appropriate
chemical-, action-, and location specific requirements,
excluding one State of Ohio regulation, OAC 3745-27-10(c)(3)
which is being waived through .CERCLA Section 121(d) (4) (C),
To comply with the require.ent OAC 3745-27-10(C) ()) is
technically not feasible considering the unique topography
at the site, is illogical from an engineering perspective,
and is not as reliable a method of controlling drainage as
selected alternative 4. The slope of the cap bet'...een the
highwall and the dam will be between 1 percent and 25 .
percent.
Chemical Specific ARARs:
o
Maximum Contaminant Levels promulgated under the Safe
Drinking Water Act will be achieved.
o
Requirements of the National Pollution Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) and Ohio Administrative Code
through OAC 3745-3) will be met.
Fugitive dust subject to OAC 3745-17~C8 will be
controlled.
o
-------
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----
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23
Action Spec 1 fie ARAR8:
o
Landfill clo8ure requirements per 40 CFR 2'4.310 and
OAC 3745-C'.
o
Post clo8ure care through 40 CFR 264.310(b) and OAC
3745-27 vill be met.
o
Use re8trictions through 40 eFR 264.116 and 264.117(C)
and OAC 3745-66-17.
o
Monitoring.of Groundwater through 40 eFR 264.92 through
264.99 and the revisions to the solid waste regulations
contained in OAC 3745-27-10.
o
Waste transported off-site such as spent carbon must
comply with 40 eFR 262 and OAC 3745-52 and 3745-53.
c
E~ipoent deconta~i~ation ir. ac=orja~ce with 40 CFR 26~
and OAC 3745-66-1~.
Cost-Effectiveness
Alternative 4 is c:s: e!!e=:i~eand overall effectiveness is
proportionate to its C:5:5. Alter~atives 5,7 and 8 are
substantially more eXt:'er.s:\'e a~d perforr.1 adjitional
treat~ent, which is un~eces5ary.
Utilization of Permanent Solutions and Alternative Treatment
(or resource recovery) Technologies to the Maximum Extent
Pr a ct i cab 1 e .
Alternative 4, eontain~en: .it~ Leac~ate Treat~ent provides
the best balance of trade-offs among the nine criteria.
Since contamination is li~ited to areas i~~ediately adjacent
to the landfill, alter~ative 4 will control contamination
and prevent oft-site migration. Leachate and liquid waste
treatment utilizes permanent solutions and treatment
technologies to the maximum extent practicable. Long-term
effectiveness and permanence is maintained through treatment
of leachate which limits migration. Hazards associated with
excavation are avoided and the technology used in
alternative 4 is proven and effective, therefore making this
remedy cost-effective. .
,
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24
Preference for Treat:JM.nt as a Principal El~
The principal threat i8 elh,inated by treatin<) liquid waste.
and leachate, Vbile a majority of the source vaste remains
on-site. .
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-------
Tab1e ;?6
CualI.tl". C8tclnDII"lc ."~I
'.Ied on C.lcul.ted C.rclno,enlc ..tlk.
for lne-etlon, D,,...I hpolur.. Ind IrIIlllilon
(.M. Schilling
Cllcullt~ ClrclOO9~lc . hk I
---- - ---
Ine..1 Ion O,r_1 Conllet IrI>.lltlon
----
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~.o( I )pyr- 1.94.(-07 I.IM -08 J.nt-W 1.16['W ,. 2~1 \I ,.8<',1 -\1
Ihyl~'1ne IIA IIA IIA IIA U U
~pt ItCh I or J.61( ,07 2.M(-07 1. 19( . 08 4..20( -W u IIA
lng_I' NA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA
Id,1 IIA IIA IIA IIA U U
wr",1 NA .IIA IIA IIA U IIA
Iyr.rw itA IIA IIA IIA U IIA
--. - - -- - - --0--
A
1 )
-.01 AWl Ie Ibl t
Cu.ulltivl Clrclnogf'rlle
IrI\.I.tlon-
III'" I, tht l.n 01 Ihl ,.IcultIN carclnogf'nlc rtlkl for In'JUllo.., l~r_1 '-POIU", and
our c.:
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C~I'II"t (1)
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A~III
J.29I.
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Table 27 C~I.'I" ....rd Indlc.. , 1
'I'~ en C.lcul.'~ ....rd Indlr.. .'\r ...:!\
'Of" I"...t lon, On.I Coolac I, 80d IrII8181100
I... Iehl\lI",
M\.lrd Indlce. el. 1I...rd Indlc.. ell .I'~ Indl,.. (I) 'et"
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"rr- IIA U ItA ItA .. .. IA ..
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IIA 1101 8pPllcebll
e 1) 1I...rd Ind.. . 10111 0.1\)' Inl'~.I"hr"", 0018
e21 101.1 ....rd Ind.. Cllulclled by 8u.8lnv 8
-------
,;~
, -
~.. -;t.;.... - .
'.
B.8. 9CBIT.LDIG ~ SUPDJ"08D SIft
BNUL'IOr m-wYp. ~~ cooarrY. CEIO
- RESPatSIVDESS sm---DY
, A.' avavIDi
rf'
'~ .
')0.5. EPAhad identified a preferred alternative for the E.".
SChilling Landfill ait. by the tille of the public comment I'eriod.
U.S. ~'s recoDllftended alternative addressed the soil; leachate,
groundwater, and sediment contamination problems at the site. Th~
preferred alternative, as specified in the Record of Decisio~
(ROD), involved: excavation of contaminated sOlls and sediment;
placement of the soils and sediments in the landfill; construction
of 'a slurry \Wall and grout curtain; improvements to the landfill
dam; construction of an hazardous \Waste landfill ca~; installation
o f ale a c h at e co 11 e c t ion and t rea t m en t s y stem; qu art e r 1 y
groundwater monitoring; a revie.... every five years; and dee:: anc
site restrictions.
The public, including one en'.:irorunenta: group subli.:::ed fet:.r ?'.:~:j::-
comments. Concerns at lea':ing ....aste on-site '...e:-e voiced. T~<;
State of Oh~o cOIM\ented and is concerned that the Feasibility 5:u~y
is not. in final form, bu: t.hey de conCH '."::~ t:-:e remedy. T~'?
po:er.t:allJ-' Resp0:1sible Pa:-t:es (P??s) dlC not s;.;.:=,;r:: camme:lt:::,
~""".:.'-~
... . . - ~j -
sec~:o!"".s :ol:c'..o:
-
Backgrou:lc on C:>:n:T1'':~'~:l'
: :-:::0: ':e:ne:-:.- .
.:
S-.,.:mrr.a:-y of CamIT'e;:..s Re::-e:':ed
Period and Agency Resp0~ses.
Dur::-I';
~:--.02
p" -' , -
-,,-' l. J.-
C : :-_~ '? :', ",
(.
At tach.."":\er.~.; C~::-_,:,~:-.:.. :.~. Re ~.3.::" c :-~S
Schll:lng Landt:ll S::e. .
AC: : 'w' : : : e J
a:
:!-:e
-.
B.
BACKGROUND ON COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
::;f? LE. SChilling :'~:1d=::l s::e ~as generates "'e':,:' :::::e :- ~.<..
in:erest. There are se':e:-a: :-easo:-,s for the' :a'~' :e'''e~ of "":':: ~ .
in: ere s t wit h the E. H. S ::- ~. : : : i :: 9 :. a...-, ::: =- : 1: s: t e : 1 ) t ;:, e s i : e :::-' : :
vlsible from.t.he road a:'ir' l~ 0:-.:1' accessible f:-om SChll:.--'::
p r i 'w" ate p rape r t y; ., I U I e 1 a:-: d:- : 1 1 \J as' n e \' e r ..... sed b l' t. h e 9 ~ - -2 :- 3 '.
public anu t.n~ location is not generally kno....n by ri?sident.s 0: :~-:=
Ironton area; 3) the Ohio River valley has been home, to se';era:
large chemical companies over the years and resident.s have gro'..-,
accustomed to pollution, [There are t\JO other superfW'ld si:es ;-
the immediate Ironton area.); and 4) these sarne chemical com?a:-:i'?5
have been a major employment force in the local economy anc :.a''-~
cultivated extensive good \Jill.
The E.H. Schilling Landfill site has generated relatively ::::r
media coverage. In 1971 several articles were published::: t~>:?
I ronton Tri bW'le concerning approval of E. H. Sch i lIi llg . S app 1 i cn :-:':-:
-------
2
to establish a landfill. Several articles also appeared in, 1980
concerning closure of the site. A one-paragr~"article appeared
In the local newspaper after announcement of the lan~f i 11 as a
~SUperfund site. Huntinqton, West Virginia, television and radio
'covered the public aeetings held on May 14, 1987 and on September
7, 1989 respectively. In 1989, the Huntington, West Virginia
Herald-Dispatch contained two site-related articles summarizing the
Rl findings an~ the public meeting held on September .7, 1989.
The major concerns expressed by the community during the re~,o~i~:
planning and investigation activities at the E.H. Schilling site
focused on possible health effects from site contamination ar.c the
slo~ pace of Superfund cleanup activities. These concerns and U.S.
EPA and Ohio EPA responses are described belo~:
1 .
A res i dent expressed the
ra~e of cancer, which may
ho',.. ....aste is disposed of
:and~:ll.
concern t.hat t~e area has a r.i~>-,
be related to cheMical plar.:5 an~
a~ sites like the ::.H. Sch~::i::=
U.S. FJ>A Response: To prov~de ~he cO;T'.:n:.;.,.::y '..':th acC"..::-a'_,=,.
t~~-:::-da:e info:ma:ior. on potential r.ea:':~ !?Uec:s r~;a':e:
t: cc..-::a;ninants fOll.~d at or near t.~.e E.H. 5c::i::ing :"a:-.::i::
~::e. U.S. E?A prepa:-ed a.nd dlst:-i~'...:.:e:: a fact s~ec:
c:..-:=er"-:Ing the site's R: enda~germe~: assess~e~:. po:o-::a:
~~~::~ risks assocIa:ed ~::h t~e s::e ~as a ~aJor :c;~: c:
'_',5, .D,; preser,:a::0:--.3 a: :::e pL.:..j:IC mee:Ing I"'.e_=
Se~:e~~er 7, 1989.
-=-~: e S: err a C l'~~
'.' e :- -= '-l~ a '..' are 0 :
ex?ressed
":.~e ex-_e:::.
t.!"1e cO:"'.:e:-r'. ::-.~: .= :-ea :-es: :er~:s
;) f h a : 3:- :: ::,'J S '.' a :, :. e d : 5?0 S':::: a :
:~e s::e.
u.~. EP" Response:'_', S. E?,?. c::;.-:'''::-_2'::: e:-:"_e:-'.s:','e - '-"
a-;::--2:-,e5s e~fo:-:s '.'~.:'C:-, fea:'-l:-ec :~f.:.=-:7'.3.:::" re';2.:-=::,~ ."
:;a:--:-e, ex-:.e~:, anc S:-_:-:eS of '..'as:es d:s~='3ed 0: c--. -~-
s::e.7~ese aCtIvI:ies I;.::'..:de'::: ':,''''0 ?:.;.~~:: r.1ee:::--.;- ~/::'
l~. :989 'and September -;, :989);' ::-::-o2e .<'h - sr.ee:s :':.:1:-:,-,
1 9 8 3, Au 9 1,; S ":. 1 4, : 9 8 9. a:: :: ;; l.: -; ''': S :. ::: S, 1 9 8 ':: ); a ~ d C:-. e - -:'., . 7:-
tC resident.s (Marct. 1989).
J.
T~e, Slerra Clu..bex;:-res'5ed
Ac:ivities are slo~. '
..., -
--...t::"
cC):-.:'e:-:.
.. I.. - -
- .11...' '-
5 ..:; ':-:: ~ :- :.
U.S. EPA Response: C.S. EPA pre?ared
sheet describing the remedial proces
for remedial ac-:.ivities. The fa'
remedial investi;ation activities p:
described the site history and the
concerning the nature and extent of ~
I".(~ dis':;:,~:ec:", :--
" ] . d t. t '" ' : m.e r e ::: ' ' :-
sheer '''it::;!'?::
,:::Ied fe'l tDe s::
,1 v ail I:)'::' in f ~:-:
-
..
te call'
" i n a- i o;~ '
4.
Residents
of
Roc}: , Ho: :0''''',
"1 oc a t.ee
east
( "
the
: .J:
1 .
~ ' ,
-------
--- - ............-- -.. .~_.... II..,. '- ~-_...
3
expressed concern that their
contaminated by the landfill.
O.S. EPA Response: The. RI included a private water well
survey and ground-water sampl ing to detenaine the nature
and extent of contaminant migration in area ground W~ter.
The survey and sampling did not indicate site related
contamination of area private water wells.
pri vate
water
wells.
were
5.
Res idents were concerned by the non-part i c i pat. i on
Chemical as a party to the consent. or~er.
c~
Do'~'
u.s. EPA Response: U.S. E.PA ....as u:11~J.e tu "rldress TtI.5
since Do....'s participation in the Rl,1'S and rr'!I'l!Jial a('. :2:"",
are subje.ct to negotiations and pot.ent,d Lt.i9<:,':-:
involving other PRPs and U.S. EPA.
6,
S e 'w' era 1
chemicals
company
practices
residents complained t~a: Do'..I ',.;Iemlcal.. ..1:nps
illegally, spill c:eanuj) measu:'(": taken L":. the
.....ere inadequat.e, and Do"" us'?-- quest.: - :',~:E:
to ftprepare" for RCRA slte insj)e~t..o~s.
U.S. E:P"- Response: Iss'Jes regarding the =,.Y-' Che:r.::c~ ;:-:a:-,:
operat~or.s, excej)t those in'.lo:'.rinS;dis?Qsa: praCtlcesa'. -:::'=
1a!1dt:l1, are no: re:ated to t~.e Si.:.r:>€r:'''':''~.c: :-e::-edla: ?:-.::ess.
These cor.ce:-:1S :-ef':-ese;-.: po:e:-::la: R:::R.:" lss.-.:es U.._,
cc:-:seq'Jen:ly, ~e:-e referre~ to that j)rcsra~,
C.
Summary of Comments Received During the Public Comment Period
Tr.e to110'..Iing is a s~7~7.a::-y o~
the C.S. E?A response.
:r.e j)U~:lC c:>rr..7.e:--.:S rece:vec: a;.':'
Citizen Groups
Comment:
Rona ld Good..... i n 0 f
Coa1itjon.
the Ohio Valley
Envirorun':?nta~
A 1. t er-na t. i ve 4 is no: goo.c e:-.:~'''':S~. bee ~ '-15 e e".'e:--.: '~:a : . '.; .. ...~ -
pre s en ... dam.... i 1) to rea)( 0 r .... a s:r; 0 \;:, r e lea sin ~ po : 5,:): .
~ 1 rue 1 e :- k ... n and ~ h e 0 h i 0 R:. 'J e:- . E '"l e r. : ~ a l ~~,' :. 0 x i c l e ,". - ~. a : ~
....i11 ~igrate into private well. water and e:se~ .,=~e:
Therefore, .....e urge that a ne',. la;-:dfil1 s:.:.e be ,:n.l:-c-:-.ase::
nearby, and state-of-the-art tech:.i~~es ucilized l~ :.h~
construction of the landfill wl:h appropriate teChr.:.q'J~c fG~
moni tor ing, etc. Then, excavate Sch i lUng and mG",'-==- t:".e
contents to the new nearby site. Tr.:.sthen .....ill c0n:a:~ the
.....aste until ne..... technology is develo?€d to elimir.a:e :~.lS
threat to public health.
u.s. ~ Response:
Alternative 4 ~ill
The U.S.
protect
E?A has de:er~ined
h~~an h~o:th anc
: fli'1:
the
-------
,
environ.ant. Using treat.ent, engineering and
institutional control. the risk associated with the
lan~fill i5 controlled. Quarterly InOnitor1[19 in addition
to a review of the remedy every five year. vill trigger
whether further .1tlgation is necessary. Moving the
lan~flil contents to a secure cell is unnecessary.
Individual CitiZAn~
1.
COlJ8ent:
Ms. Gholson
You are telling' me that in four mon:hs
take care of this problem ~e have.
t. r.e Supe r fund.... i 11
U.S. EPA Response: Once the Record of Dec:s:on IS signed. a
5?€cial Notice Letter ~ill be sent t.o t.he SlX res?Qf".siblp.
par:ies ~hich ~ill start a 120 day nego:latio~ period. In
this time frame. the responsible partles '-':L all ha,,'e to
agr'ee t.hat they are ~i lUng to perfor':"" :;-:02 design s"_udies
an/j :mplement t.heselected remedy. ~. :r.e~; choese no': to
perform t.he desig:1 stud1es and :r.-;::.e~e:-:: :;-:e remedy, t.he::
e~,for:eme:-.: actio:: by C.S. E?A may ~e :ai\e::, or ,.. is
;::,-::ss::;le ':?",a: t:-.~ ::.5. EPA '''::;': f'...:.:-:c :,-:'-: '-'o:-k anc se2
:-e:;'\..j'...::-se~,en: fr::::;, res?Qnsi:,:e pa:-t:es ?: .3 :3:e:- cate.
,cc;-;:.:et1~:-: 0: t~E :-e~edy sho~:d :a;.;-:- a;J~:'":' :::-,1':-:<1' :)j'".~ ":''?ar.
...,
Comment, Ms. Wilson: It:s k:~.:: c:
:-,a::a:-=ous '..;aStE. I '-'Ol.:d ::-':;::':::.-5.:'::-
C'::-Slt.e disposa: ~o~:d be t~e l:-::e:::ge:-:'
.::::: . . . :
~o
e ;.: :- :; ". 3 : e
: ~ . -: : :'"". e :"" .3: : :.~.
a::':
6 . : e =- :1 a .~ : .,; e .
:-~e :";.5. EP;; 1S 1:'. the otJ:r.:c:-. :~:a: ::or.:a:,:-:,-,e:1t '..:i,::-.
!..eac-hat.e Treatment provides the b.?St ba:a;-.ce 0: t.raceof:s
:'et'w'een :he n1:-,e cr':.:er:a. Ir::::-,e:-a:::.:-. '."o'..:lc : r....o 1'.";:-
ex ca'; a tin g t. h e 1 a.'; d =- : : 1 co f".: ,e:1: s '-' r. : C ~ '..0 '.: : C ::: c- :- e 3 S -= ::, ~ (\ :-:
:E:~, :-lsks to people l:.'::r.~ r:ed:- ::-,~ S.:-=- -s..:,:::J '..'-:;:-k-:::'":, 0:'.-
s::e.
3.
Comment, HI. Addis:
;"1'".) can': Ioo'e.go doloo'T) t.he:-e and ha'-.:: ,'';''0
If 1: Ioo'as r.auled in t.here it can :,e ;.., ,.ed (
,-. r-: : c ~ ~ A
U.S. EP~ Response: It is no: feds.~:E e;.::-a\'a'
LluC", tI1e -a::.p to a."'~"~e" ::)ca:ion. '}:.e s::e,
remediation is complet.ed',. ~ill bE pro:e\''Cive of
t:ea l:h a..'ld t.he el:': i rOr'.1T1ent.
J.ni
one'?
, :.ur. a..-:
-------
Carment
1
.)
1
")
-
i -
. .
OD'A Ccmnents
Comments on the Prooosed Plan
Co8pliADC8 vi th ARAR. 81 It .hould be noted tha t U. S BPA.. proposed
.lternative '4 doe. not meet all .tate ARAR.8. The Ohio
'Administrative Cod. (CAe) regulation 3745-27-10(C)(3) .tipulates
~t all land .urfaces 8USt be graded to slopes of no less than l'
and no greater than 25' in order to promote proper drainage. The
present .lope of the face of the dam is greater than 25\, and
although the dam is 8tructurally stable at this time, presently
the dam does not have an acceptable factor of safety. The proposed
alternative ,. includes a blanket drain and two toe drains
underneath a clay benD on the face of the dam in order to promote
proper drainage and to structurally support the dam to attain an
acceptable factor ot .atety greater than 1.5. If t..'1e proposed
alternative '4 address.. CAe 3745-27-10(C)(3), a considerable
quantity of fill material would be required downhill of the dam.
Also, if this area va. filled with soil material to comply with
thi.s ARAR, provisions would -have to be made in the remedy to
collect the st=eam water which would underlie this fill m.!terial.
ThE:!=e~o=e, t.he Ohio EPA finds that compliance wit.h OAC 3745-27-
lO(C)(3) is not technically justifiable considering the above
~ac~o=s. The Ohio EPA recommends that US EPA, pursuant to CERCLA
SeC", 121(d)(4)(D), find that com?liance with the requi=ements of
0;": .;745-2i-10(C)(3) ca:1 attain an equivalent. perfo=m.dnce st.andard
t~=~ugh t.he ~se 0: the clay be=m and drainage feat.ures as specified
~'- ?=~?Csed alternat.ive '4. This finding should be embodied in t.he
=e:c=c 0: decision for the Sc~illing Landfill sit.e.
C,- page 10 it is stat.ed t.hat. -All alt.ernat.ives would meet. their
res?ective relevant. and app=opriate requirecent.s of Fede=al and
S~a~e enviror~ental laws.- Alternative 1 (no action) does n~t. meet
a:: S~at.e ARAR's.
Implemetability: On ~ge 11 it should ~e not.ed that. the slu=ry
wa:l/grout cu=-tain associated wit.h alt.ernat.ive 14 may be difficult.
to i.mplemen~ at this sit.e. Also, incineration, along wi th the
technologies c:ompris ing al tema t.i ve 4 has been used a 1; ot:.e=
Superfund sites and should be poi:1ted out in this section.
General Co~e~ts on the FS
1. The cleanup goals section on page' 22 does not. specify what.
cleanup levels will be achieved aft.er remediation. The
cont.aminated media must be cleaned up to risk levels indica1;ive of
a cumulative 10-6 increased cance= risk or less, and a hazard index
of less than or equal to 1. .
2. The asphalt cap included in Table 7 for alternatives 3 and 4
does not meet the requirements contained in the Ohio Administ.rat.i ve
- ~ Cod~ (OAC} Section 3745-27-10, :Closure of Sanitary L4n9fills. This
- -. requirement specifier that at least 2 -feet:- of. well .c:gmpacted ~over - -
ma.t.erial anu.:. v~etative 14rer b~ used upon clo!lure of .1andf.1.lls. .
- ", .' - . -. . -.
--
-------
.-
Further, OAC rule 3745-27-09 (PO) (4) Specifies that appropriate solls
be used 1n ~e con.truction of . this cover. As US EPA knows from
the JUaai County Incinerator .ite, the revisions to the .olid wa.te
requlat1on. contained 1n OAC 3745-27 vill specify that the soils
' U8ed 1.D the con.truet1OD of a ~p have a permeability of 1 x, 10-7
caJ.ec or le... When these requlation8 become ProIIUlgated, thi.
ARAR vill be an applicable requirement for the cap in alternatiye
'4. -
3
3. POTW disposal of leachate should not be considered an automatic
treatment alternative. Approvals must first be obtained from the
Ohio EPA Division of Water POllution Control and the city which
treats the leachate. '.
4
4. Using the criteria of a PRP for the off-site disposal
al ternati ves is not appropriate., This criteria is not specified
in the Interim final RIll'S guidance, and may not be used.
5. The ARAR section ot the PS is poorly developed and no attempt
is made to compare the alterna~ives to the ARAR's. There is a lack
of detail in the discu.sion of ARAR's. More information is needed
o~ hc~ each o! ~~e ARAR's will be met. The Ohio ARAR's listed in
Tab~A5 sho~ld be read in detail to fully understanc the meaning
of each ARAF.. Many of the ARAR's seem to have been misinterpreted.
Ce~a;.led co:=ne~t.s on t..~e ARAR's is presented in the specific
c=~~e~~s sec:io~ below.
~
..J
E. iJS EPA' 5 pr':Jposed alternati'Je 14 does not meet the existing OAC
~745-27-1'ClC)(3; regulation concerning grading of all land surfaces
:.:; no les s than 1 \ and no greater than '25 \ . The earthen dam face
is greater than 25\ in slope (refer to compliance with MAR's
co~e~ts on the proposed plan on page 1).
I. The cap in al-::ernative 14 should eX':end over t.he tot: of the dam
t= c=ver t~e sur!ace of the dam face not covered by the clay berm.
Specific Co~en':s on
the FS
Paqe
Line
Section
Comments
List o!
fig1Jres
A conceptual desig~ of the
incinerator should be incl.uded in
the FS.'
2
9-10
1. 2.1
It should be stated that specific
construc:'::~n -:et.:!'::'!s are unknown.'
Mr. Schilling has some knowledge of
how the landfill was constructed.
.. -- :.-
-
--
- -
-------
J
!'able 2A
-
, . -
4
'P=
',"~
..
u
5
12,13
6
15
-
I
Table ...-
, pg.54
8
31
Q
32
:.
- -
16-17
17-18
6
19-20
5-6
-'
- '.i,~"
1.2.3.2
1.2.3.3
1.2.4.:
2.4.1.1
2.4.1.1
.,...
----- -
--
- -'
"
"!"he concentrations of each of the
conta.a1nants detected above the CRQL .
detected durinq the RI should be
placed in this table.
Provide the basis for assuming that
one-half acre is the horizontal
extent of contaminated surface soils.
-For the purpose of the FS. is not
appropriate.
Provide the basis for assuming that
eight inches is the depth of
contaJJU.nated sediment. -For the
purpose of the FS. is not
appropriate. Likewise, provide the
basis for a~suming that the
horizontal extent of contamination
is estimated to be no more thar:. about.
half an acre.
I...eachate
potential
landfill.
should
exposure
be added
pat.h'..ay
as a
a t. the
The groundwater recovery system is
screened out prematurely. There is
groundwater contamination at the
site, and as determined in the Risk
Assessment, benzene, 1,2-
Dichloroethan~, and arsenic exceed
the 1 x 10-6 risk level in
groundwa ter. Thus, a groundwa te:::-
recovery system should be carried
fonh into detailed analysis. . Also,
explain how temporary contaminated
groundwater can be handled as
leachate.
The drawbacks of this particula:::-
technoloqy are stated in this
section. Also list the posi ti ve
aspects of this technology.
Note that with the proper controls
and safety measures, puncturing drums
and spreading waste into the
environment can be minimized.
-'
-
-
-------
/
10
34
11-12
11
35
10-12
12
3S
19-22
.
J. .:
,-
- ,
c. -
--t;
1-
37
. ~
l ':
15
40
6-8
-
2.4.1.2
2.4.1.2
2.4.1.2
0801 . , ""')
~ .. loot . .. .. ....
2 . 4 . l . 2
2.4.1.2
-- .
- -
The sentence restricts the form of
solids fed to the incinerator to only
bales or ~. The sentence should
be stated in JIOre qener1c terms, for
example, .Solids may be fed in raw
form or processed foCI (8.q. shredded
to reduce size to enhance cOmbustion)
to a materials handlinq system used
to feed the incinerator..
It appears to be impractical to
remove ash and residue from the
secondary combustion chamber. Any
ash or residue from this chamber is
usually removed via the air pollution.
cont..rol system. .
The disadvantages of incinerators
such as operational problems,
-replacement of refractory lining,
problems wi t.h chamber seals, and
moving ~ns exposed to high
temperatures can all be take~ care
c: through normal operation and
:-.a ir. :enance procedures. These are
no: specific disadvantages for t~e
i~cineration alterna:ives.
As ....-ell as being used experil:lent.al~y,.
this process is currently being
utilized commercially and full scale
to generate electrical power.
Problems associated wi th increased
paniculate em.i.ssions may be
overemphasized. Full-scale
cor:::mercial applications of th i 5
technology should not have a
disproponionate amount of resul ting .
air pollution control problems
compared to other comb~stion
tech.~ologies .
Problems associated with t~e escape
of air, qas; and paniculate matter
are overstated. If the hood system
is designed properly, only an
insignificant amount of air, gas, or
particulat.e mat.ter may escape through
cracks in the soil.
- -
-"
-
. -
-------
22
") ~
~..-
24
25
=- 26
I
I
I
16
17
18
19
20
21
54
55
56
S9
-5g:
-
41
44
46
50
5:
r:: -:;
~..-
- -
8-9
9
7-10
15-20
16
15-15
6-7
17-18
14-15
5-6
11.-12
2.4.1.2
2.4.1.3
2.4.1.3
2.4.1.4
2.4.1.4
:2 . 4. : ..;
2.';.1.4
2.4.1.4
2.4.1.4
2.4.:2.3
Difficulties with on-sit. treatment
ot rotary kiln incineration are
8inqled out; .llOD~1te thermal
treatment technoloqi.. ~ll present
difficulties. Mobi1181D9 a rotary
kiln incinerator in the field i5 not
disproponionately difficult.
The residuals from air stripping may
require further treatment before
being discharged.
Are metal
anionic?
ions
both
ca tionic and
Where - would .appropriate
~terial. be obtained from?
fill
Deep slurry walls are prematurely
.screenec out because of costly and
difficul t rock excavation. Such a
technique ~y be very effective and
less c:>stly tr-an other alter:"',atives.
Excavation in deeper rock, although
time-consuming and difficult to
il:1pleme:1t m4Y -be a less expensive
alternative, especially if subsurface
water flow is determined to be deeper
than the proposed trench depth with
a resultant potential for contact of
the grouncwater with the landfill
waste.
This se"ntence needs clari fica tion.
It m4Y be a typographical error.
Please clarify/explain .safety risk..
Briefly outline why wastes are hauled
on-s i te. For example, wastes are
transported from the point of
excavation to the point where on-site
treatment takes place.
How do chemical technologies
-...actually increase the amount of
material to be treated...8? Cite
an example of a specific chemical
technology that increases the amount
of material to be treated.
.2-.-4.2:3 - 'Please - clarify t114t. ~e =-liqui"d -
----:: - efflu~pt can also~ be i"nanerated~
-------
I
I
, I
r
,
, '
27
28
29
30
~1
-
"
")
..J
1.'
65
15
3.2.5.1
The'bottom liner should be a double
liner with a leachate collection
.y.tfl8. Please specify this.
73
17-19
4.2.1.1
Where vas the averaqe total annual
precipitation obtained from?
83
1-4
4.2.2.2
The text at the end of the sentence,
. . . . and the remediation program is
modified.., does not make sense with
the rest of the sent.ence. Please
reword .
89
E-7
4.3.2
It is not clear which alternatives
are being referred t.o when the t.ext
states -The other t.hree
alternatives.. .-.
9C
4 . 3 . 3
-The rating system of best te worst
does not accurat.ely reflec~ the
overall rat.ings of each 0: the
alternatives. Please use a mo::-e
objective ra~ing system.
c -,
4. :3 . 6
Compliance proble=s associa~e: w~th
on-site incineration are overs~ated
here. Compliance require..nen:.s are
no more or no less 6t.::-ingent :~r air
permi ts a6 opposed to wa ter di scr.arge
(NPDES or PO':'W) permits.
- -
T~bl4? AS
~. The c6~ents section under 6111.042 of the Ohio Revised Code
(ORC) reflects a misunderstanding of the focus of this particu:ar
k~q. ORC 6111.042 requires compliance with NPDES standards for
discharges of wastestreams into waters of the state, not.
groundwater discharges int.o surface water. Also, the second
comment under this ARAR is incorrect. There has been contaminat.ion
of groundwater at. the site. .
2. OAC 3701-28 may be an aF~:icable ARAR if nea::-bv private wat.er
syst.ems have ~= be abandoned dUe t.o site related degradation of
those wat.er systems.
, .
3. CAC 3745-1-05(A) is misinterpreted. This A.RAR stipulates that
no further degradation of 8urface water is allowable, not the
infiltration of groundwater into 8urface water as stated in the
comment.s section. .
4. 9AC-~745-~ establishes ore-treatment~standards, restrictions,
and - reponinq requirement.' tor d:ischarqes to a~ - P9TW, ~t a
receivinq 8tream.-oAC.~4?-3-04: .. Prohibit~ discharq~s~~ ,a pQ'I'W-
-------
- ..15
This ARAR stipulate. that pollutants introduced into POTW's shall
not interfere vlth the operation or performance of a POTW. The
comment under thi. ARAR only says that the select.ed alternative
vill not discharqe untreated water into a POTW.
5
6
5. CAe 3745-15-07 ~rohiblts air pOllution nuisance..
doe. not set level& for pollutants. .
6. CAe 3745-17-11 re.tricts particulate emissions from industrial
processes and ~ applicable to incineration alternative~ in'the
FS. This rule applies to ADY operation, process, or activity which
releases particulate emissions into the ambient air.
This ARM
7
7. OAC 3745-21-07 and 08 are applic~ble requirements to all ~
stationary sources reqardless of location.
E
8. The CAC 3745-27 regulations should have been reviewed in the FS
for each alternative to determine if the alternatives meet these
ARAR's. The revisions to the solid waste regulations contained in
OAC 3745-27-10(B)(1) stipulate-that a groundwater monitoring system
shall consist of a sufficient number of wells, installed at
appropriate locations and depths in the aquifer. Additional
man i tor ing wells are needed downhi 11 from MW-7. The concentrations
o! al~~inum (50 ug/l), manganese (50 ug/l), and iron (300 ug/l)
exceeded their respective secondary MCr..' s . 1:1 addi tion, the
co~cen~rations of these s~~e three metals in MW~iA d~ring the March
7, :989 sar..~:ing event exceeded greatly the concen:ra~ions detected
~~ the background well.
c
OAC 3745-31-02 stipulates that aper:nit is required for both an
air contaminant 89urce and a disposal system. Under this rule, an
NPDES permi t would be required for the of f -si te discharge of
treated leachate.
L
OAC 3745-50-48 requires all mcnitcri:i; results
not just monitoring results of the incinerator.
to be s ub:ui t ted,
11
OAC 3745-54-90 thru
be protected ,but
compliance boundary
must be met.
99 not only stipulates t~at groundwater must
the. grour.dwater must a150 be monitored, a
must be established, and concentration limits
1 :
OAC 3745-57-01thru 18- Both the aFplicable and the releva~t. a~d
appropriat.e regulations must be me':... .
13
CAC 3745-66-11 " 12 must be met at all RCRA TSD' 5, even those
operatinq without a permit. These requirements are relevant and
appropria~e for this site.
CAe 3745-66-13- Within 90 ddYS of approval of the closure plan,
what will be met? Specify.
1.:.
=- Specify ~how i.he requlations--conti£""ned in CAe 3745-66-1t -a~d:'3745":-
-66-1~f(c) -vill be ..t. ---=:. -= . - -
-------
5
Response to Ol'.:PA eo-enta
Co
nt.a oa ..Nit Proposed Plan
~
. .,:,",~
}-"
=.
'Woo:.
.'
U.5. r.:P'A Response to COP~nt 1: We agree and the Record of
Decision (ROD) viII reflect the waiver through CERCLA
Section 121(a)(.)(C) of OAC 3745-27-10(c)(3).
U.5. EPA Response to Co_ant 2: Tht:a no-act ion alterT1~tive
is used as a baseline and was nOt considered as a viable
option at the E.H. Schilling site.
u. s. ~ Response to Co..ent 3: We ag ree that i t. m~y be
difficult to 1ap1ement, but as with incineration, it has
been used and proven at other sites.
General Comments on the FS
U.S. EP~ Response. to Comment 1: The RO::J reflects these
cleanup goals and the,:, are also s~ated in the L'. 5. EP~ F5
addendwn.
U.S. EPA Response to Comment Z: ~e agree
~j~ ~~e R0::J reflec~s' OAC 3i~-27-l0 (c) (3).
. ,- \-,
tit ... -"
yo.~r
c:Jmrnen~
u.s.
EP~
Response
to
Comment
3 :
~,.; e
a~ree
... .. """
.. .. '- ~ .
you:-
cO~.men~ .
u. S. EPA Response to Comment 4:
by the U.5. EPA fS addendwn.
Tr.: S C ~~...~e~.-:.
is a~c:-essed
U.S. EP~ Response to COD'iment 5: ';he C:-.8se;-. rc::-.ec:1' ..ill
meet. aL MARs excep~ OAC 37~5-2i-10(~}(3\. :-:-:e ''':.5. EPA
is in the opinion that enougrl deta~l '..'as g:,':e:--. to make ar,
acc~rate decision for ~he site remedy.
U.S. EP~ Response to Coaunent. 6: Yo;...': CO;-'~'T,en~ ha:: bee:1
reflected in the R:)D.
U.S. EP~ Response to Comment 7: You: CG~en: r.as :>ee:1
reflect.ed in t.he ROD.
Specific Comments on the FS
u. S. EPA response to Comment l: The U. S. £FA is 0: the
opinion that the t.ext. provides enough backgroW1d to carry
through the incinerat.ion option into det.ailed analysis. If
incineration was chosen, the design \oIould be part of the
Remedial Design phase.
U.S. EPA Response. to
interviewed by the Law
Co..ent 2 :
Environmental
Mr.Schilli;-."j \13S
and t~e {J. 5. E?A and
-------
,
".i '.
:-"'\'"
~oes not rem~ber exactly how the landfill was constructed.
O.S. EPA Response to CC~Bnt.3: For completeness, it would
have been nice to have the concentrations locatec3 in Table
2A. but the JU and Technical memoranduas contain all the
presented 4ata. " ,
o. S. EPA Response to Co..ent t:
based on sampling during the RI.
occur in the design phase.
The one-half acre was
~dditional Sampling wil:
U.S. EPA Response to Comment 5: The eight-inches and on~-
half acre vas determined from SaJT1?ling anc analysis durin;
the RI. "dditional sampling will oce:.::- in the design ~t".ase.
U.S. EP" Response to Co..ent 6: The L', s, E?; agrees.
leachate as a potential ,pat.hway '...as acc:-essec in the
assessment section of the RI.
b;:~
.. .. <:'.
... 4 - .....
U.S. EPA Response to Comment 7: 7he S:-C'll:-'.c'.'a:e:- re-:;':e:-~'
sys:em ....as screened 01.;: by agreement c:' b:::~, l.S, E?,; 3:-'-:
o E P A . Sin c e the g:- 0 c.:: d '-' a : e =- a t p :- e s e :-: :. '.' -3 ~ :-'. C) : be i ~,= : : S e :: '
as a drH\jnng ...'a:e:- sOI.;:-ce, i: ....as :I:): :::~: :~, '::) de-.,'Ll"..;
a n a 1 'i s : s . ,I t : s s t a : eel ;. R 0 ;) : r. a :. .. a ::: : s:-: : e '; e : E. a :- -:-
e;.:ceedec t.hen :he g:-o-...:.::d'.;a:er -',H b€- ::-ea:ec .. :~':?
leachate t!'eatmer~t ~:a:-:t. .~~e S~Ol::1c.',,"a:~:' '..'::: ~e ;':"'-.;,-?:=
:hro~g~ .ex:ract:~~ ~e::s ~c the ~rea:~e:~: ~:3~:.
U.S. EP" Response to Comment 8:
in the 1st patagra?r. I.;nder Spray
cC'~': lS minlma.l,
Th.: 0::'.'3:-.:)
. . . : ";.1: : .:,' ,
. a:-e S--".-~
~~ ae:: ' :C',
U.S. EPA Response to Comment 9:
con:a:ni:-.ation C~ t;:e e~~'::r:::-'_7.er.:
:-~.~ :":,S.
. '
-. ..
a::; :-ee: .
. , -
ca:-. :J e .:i ::",:> ~ ': a~ ': a:; '? ,
U.S. £FA Response to Comment 10:
~::e ~'.S. ::::.
a<;:;ee~.
U. S . EPA
secondary
done.
Response to
combuSt i C:-'.
Comment
11 :
is
?er.:o':: ~.C::
?;. a C': i C' a:, : "':
as...,
anc
. .,.. - ~'"
:;-....?
c r. ar.-..:; e :-
: s
:-.e : :;-:
U.S. EP" Response to Comment 12: ~e as:-ee
mentioned problems do not limit incineration" b-.;,:
inherent problems which can cause delay.
... . ... -
: ;-'=:
t.;,e~' are
u.s. ~ Response to Comment 13: Fluidized bed te.:r.~...:~)S""
is being used presently by utilities, but in small nt..l1T',bers.
U.S.
that
into
E:P;a. Response to Comaent 14: The U, S. EPA ag :-ee<: C:\.i:(~
is one of the reasons thermal treatment '.;as C""~:J'C':~
detailed analysis: 1\11 Federal and State ;eg~la:~or.s
-------
7
will be 88t with thermal treatment.
u. s. El? Response to CO..ent 15:
The U. S. ~ Agrees.
tJ. S. El? Response to Co~nt
rotary Jei ln incinerator can
site theraal treatment
difficulties.
16: The U.S. EPA agrees that a
be mobi 1 i zed and that a 11 on-
technologies can present
u. s. EP~ Response to C08llDent 17: Comment is addressed i:'l
line 10 of the FS. It is stated that air stripping may ~e
implemented in conjunction with other proces~es...
u. s. EP~ Response to Comment
understand the question.
18:
The U. S.
E?A does no':
U.S. EP~ Response to Comment 19:
the design phase..
This
, . ~ ~ ':
.. .... .. .
be adc:-esse:: in
U. S. !:P~ Response to Comment 20: Th~ dee;=>
sc~ee~ec au: due :0 t~e g:-ou: cu:-:al~ be:ng
s:~r:-1'
a more
'w' a :: .... a s
=eGS1~~~
op:~o~.
U. S. £FA Response to Comment 21: Th02 ','.5.
c;:::;.:O;. t.r.at t.rlE' Sl'.;~:-Y '."al~/g:-o~: co.;:-:a:;,
e::e:::':e in pre':e~::~~ ::::e:-::al g:-o~lc'wa:e:-
:-::>'
-. ,...
: s
~. ~
... 1',-
~.:....s:er
: ~ 0'..' .
... .. ....
:'-?
U.S. EPA Response to Comment 22:
7~e :"'.5.
E?;' ag :-02es.
U.S. EPA Response to Comment 23:
associated with exca':a::i.:-.g the la..""'.c:: 1:
A ' ~. a :' e :. ].
cC:'.:.e:-,:s.
r i s~:
: ,S
u. S. EPA Response to Comment
~r.~ers:.a..~d t.he co~~e:::.
24:
:-~e
:.: . S.
E?~ ::'-2.3
u.s. EPA Response
inc:-ease t.he amO~t
to
Comment
25:
S:?:.:: :a', :C:-.
of ~a:.er:al tC ~e
::--ea:ec2.
u.s. EPA Response to Comment 26:
rs.
Please see ?a-;e
j~ c: .-....-?
U. s. . EP~ ,Response to Comment 27:
state MARs.
7;;e l:ne:-
.. ,
... ... .. ...
mee-- a--
U.S.
was
W.\'.
EPA Response to Comment 28:
obtained from the SChilling
The precipitat:G~, ':3]::e
slte data a:1d r.'J.r.::ng:-:-:-:
u. s. !:PA Response to Comaent 29: The I;. S. E?; 1 S
opinion that the sentence does not need to be re~or~ec.
r l'
".
-------
8
o. S. EPA Response to Co_ent 30 :
alternatives in that sentence refer to
vlth excav~tion.
The
5, 7,
other three
8 which deal
O.S. EPA Response to ~ ant 31: The U.S.
this 1s a~~ressed 1n the rs a~dendum.
EPA agrees and
o.s.. ~ Response, to C088ent 32: The U.S. EPA believes
that incineration is a viable technology, and can meet air
requirements. At the SChilling site, thermal treatment was
not chosen as the remedy since it does not provide the bes:
balance of trade-offs concerning the nine criteria.
Table AS
U.S. EPA Response to Comment 1: The U. S.
NPDES requirements will be comp:ied with.
EPA ag:-ee- a:-..::
U.S. EPA Response to Con=ent 2:
preser;:. nearby p:-:vate ....a:er
degradec.
The U.S.
E?A agrees ~~: z:
systems
have
~Ot
bee:-.
U.S. £FA Response to Comment 3: 7he " C E?=, ~ -:. e~~.
L e "J.
U.S. £FA Response to Comment 4: :-~e '-'.::;. - '"1~=-ee.s.
U.S. £FA Response to Comment 5: ~~e U.S. -'. ag:-ee,::.
U.S. £FA Response to Comment 6: 7r.e U.S. ::r'.~ agree~.
U.S. EPA Response to Comment 7: The U.S. ::? \ agrees.
U.S. EPA Response to Comment 8: TI".e t..S. E?A d:JE'~ r::-:
agree that another monitoring 'w'ell ShOllld be locates do'~-:-.
from number seven. The U.S. EPAanc OEPA ag:-eec :h~~
additional field ""ork ",,'as not. required since the :eve~s ::-.
the monitoring ...e::s "'-ere ...it:;ir- background condl:ior.s a~::
the groundlJat.er 'w'as not a d:-:nking 'w'ate:- sou!"-:e. 7~.",
. present. 16 monitorlng '...ells ',..:11 be mO:-.itored q'..Jar7-:>:-:':',
and :f ac<:ion levels a:e exceeced, the grou:ld'w'ate:- '..':::::--=
trea:ed on-site.
U.S. EPA Response to COlDD\ent 9:10.:11' disc::a:-ge o~
leachate will compl::' 'with NPDES requiremer.:s.
t:-ea~e::
U.S. EPA Response to Comment 10: The U.S. EPA agrees.
U.S. E.P1\ Response to Comment 11: The U.S. EP1\ agrees.
U.S. EPA Response to Comment '12: The U.S. EPJ\ ag:-ees.
-------
9
u. s. I:PA ltesp0na8 to CO
-t 13:
The U;S. EPA agrees.
u.s. ~ Response to Co-vt 14: The closure plan is site
specific and once receiveO will meet the requlreaents of the
State of Ohio. .
o. s. ~ Response to COll8eJ1t 15 :
be addressed in the design phase.
These regulations will
-------
A~CHMDlT
. .
o
o
o
o
u. S . EPA
1989).
(>.pril
prepared
the
community relations
plan
o
u.s. EP~ established information repositories at the
Briggs Lawrence Public Library and the Lawrence
Court House (April 15, 1987).
v
County
o
u . S . E:P~
SChi lUng
agreement
Schilling
issued a press release announ=ing that E.H.
and Sons, Inc. and ~istech had reachec an
with the Agency to conduct and pay for the E.H.
Landfill site RI/FS (April 16, 1987),
o.
U.S. EPA held a public comment period regardiny the
Consent ~greement. One .ritten commen~ .as recF:vec
regarding potential site related healt.l: concerr.s (May ~-2~,
198"7) .
o
U.S. ErA and Ohio EPA held a public meetin.1 ..,:... the La.:E'!lce
Cour;t y Cou rt House to desc r i be the Consen t AS:- ,=ement 01.: the
p1a.nr.~d remedial invest 19at ion, and to res:'~:ld to c:. ~ . :-2fiS'
qL.lest~ons and recei';e the:r comme:-,ts. ;"'pro;-:imatE'-i' 25
residents, pUblic officials, :-eprese:-I':.a::';c's o~ PR?s, an
t~e med:a attended t~.e mee::ng (Mai' l~, 1S-~.-\.
c
L'.S. E?A p:-eparec a..,d dlStri:>~':.ed
de':.a~led t.he Rl 'f'S IJorkpla:: ~::
( ~a rc ~ 1988 ) .
a fact sree: '..'~.:c::
t~e Superfunc. pr:cess
o
C. S. EPA rev i sed the commL::-,: ':. J' re 1 at: ons
site-related developments (~ay 1988).
to
ref 1 ec t . .
pIa:.
G
~.s. EPA p:aced a.r1 a,j'.'ertiseme:-.:
inform ir.terested ~ar':.ies or. the
(Sep:ember ~, 1988\.
':AG 9:-an:s
i:1 t.~~e :~:,:::c'n
T:-ib~;ie tC
aua"a>-"'.." 0..
. .. ~.""",:J ...
c
U.S. EPA prepared ar.dd:strlj'..:-:e'= a :e:.e... -0 :-es:::e:-::- a:-.c.
ot.her parties concer.....ir.g t.he progress 0: ::-.eRI \:~a:-::-:-. 7,
1989) . .
L'.S. EPA released t.he Rl for pc.::::c re'/le'~'. A
summarizing the RI ..as prepared and d:S::-~2:..:ted
1989) .
!a:-: s:~e-=:
(AL.:gL:.s: :.;,
U.S. EPA released the F'~ ~l..... ~~op0sed plan for :::>lic
revie..and comment (AuguSt 25, 1989). An advertisement ",,'3.S
placed in the. Ironton Tribune summarizing the FS ar-Ic
proposed plan, and announcing the public commer:: per:oc
(~ugust 25, 1989 and September 5, 1.989).
U. S. EPA held a publ ic comment p€r i od !"eg-3.rr1 i ng t::e FS dJ'ld
proposed plan (1wgust 25,1989 to September 23,1989).
-------
ATTACHMDIT
o
o
.
';..
..
0
, c,
t1a8
coaaunlty
relations
plan' (Apri 1
U . 5 . P.:P'A
1989) .
prepared
..:
~.-
..
. ,
-.
0.5. EPA established information repositories at the
Brig9s Lawrence Publ~ Library and the Lawrence
Court Rouse (~rl1 15. ~87).
County
u . S . EP~
SChilling
agreement
Schi 11 ing
issued a pcess release annoW1cing that E.H.
and Sons, Inc. and ~ristech had reached an
with the ~9ency to conduct and pay for the E.H.
Landfill site RI/FS (~pril 16, 1987).
o
U.S. EP~ held a public comment period regarding the
Consent ~9reement. One wr i tten comment was recei vec
regarding potential site related health co~ce:-ns (May 4-22,
1987) .
o
\..:.S, EPA and Ohio EPT\ held a public lTI'?e:ln<; <'I' the La..'rence
County Court House to describe the Co~se~t Asreement an~ the
p:'an."1ec remeclal investigatlOn, anc ~o respf)J1~ to cit~zen~'
q-.;es::c:;s anc recei\'e thelr commen:s.:..;-;:--:"oximatelY 25
;esider.:s. public o::icials. represe:1~a::':?r, 0: ?R?$. an::
:.'":E' ~E'c:a a:tendes t;-,e meet:ns (May :.~. :93-:-"
o
L: , 5. E ::: :.., p:- e p a :- e d and d i s t :- i but e d a f a c :. c' ~~ e e : 'w';-, i c] :
ce':a: >::': t.r,e R:/f5 workp:'a.:; and tt,.? SL:?e:-f~"1d pr-:>cess
t Ma:-et. 1983).
o
\..:.5. EP;" revised the community re:at.lO:;S
site-re:ated developments (May 1988).
plan
reflect.
t.o
o
t.:.S. E?A placed an advert:sement in t~e ::-OI1ton 7ri::,une to
lnform interested parties on t~e ava:~a~:l:ty of TAG <;rants
(September 7, 1988).
o
C.S. EFA prepa:-ed and distributed a letter to
other parties concerning the progress of t~e
1989) .
residents and
? I (r-:arch -;.
o
u.s. EP;" released the RI for public re','ie'..', A fact sheet
summarizing the R! '..'as prepared and clstri:>t.;:ed (AugUSt. 14,
1989) .
o
U.S. EFA released the FS and ?roposed plan for FUbliC"
re\/ie'..' and comment (T\ugust 25, 1989). An advertisemenr. ....as
placed in the Ironton Tribune s~~arizin9 the fS ~nd
proposed plan, and announcing the public comment pE"rlod
(~ugust 25, 1989 and September 5, 1989).
U,S. EP~ held a public comment period regarr1ing the f~ aJ;d
proposed plan (~u9ust 25, 1989 to September 23, 1989).
o
-------
. ..
. ~ "~"'..' '.
. ,.
. .,.;
. -~
. .
- .~. ~ !'~'....;.
o
o.s. ~ issued. press release concerning the '"S, proposE"d
plan" public co-ant peri~, ~ a public l18eting (september
5, 1989).
U.S.EPA and alio EPA held a public meeting at the Briggs
Lawrence County Public Library to record public Comments
concerning the rs and proposed plan. J.pproximately 2S
people attended the meeting including residents, puplic
officials, reprea8ntati ves of the PRPs, and the media. 1\
transcript of the meeting is avai lable in the informati:)~
repositories (September 7, 1989).
o
-------
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0.1. I:PA. 1*11011 V
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinoi. 60606
De& r xr. M&JI}cua I
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After reYl8V of the draft -.cord ot o.ci.1on (ROD) for the I.H.
Schilling Landfill .ite 1A 'LAwrence County which we received on
Septamber 26, 1989 and 18 atuched beretO, Ohio EPA con~. with
the selected remedial alternative for the 8ite. The selected
ralDedial alternat1.ve, titled the S.ltteted RexM<1y in the IWD,
constats of the folloviDqa
A ROA co:npliant cap which will consiat ot clay with a
per=eLbility of 1 x 10-7 caJ.ec or le88;
Con8truct1nq . clay berm and draina98 t.ature. on the face
of the ..rthen dAaJ
lnatallinq a conti~ 15 foot 8lurry vall and 40 toot.
qrout curtain aJ:'ouM the ?8r1JMter of the landfill;
Installing a perimeter interceptor drain ou~s1d. the 8lurry
wall/grout cu~ain;
bcavation of contaJdnated led i -nt and surface .oils
.c1jacan~ t.o the land.fill 'and down from the earthen dam.
1hi1 material vill be conlo11d4ted into the landfill,
lnatallinq 3 wella up8tream of the, dam to col18c~ and trea~
leachate. TreatJMAt of leachate will be accomplillhad on81 te
u~ili&in.g ..tal precipitation, air 8tripping, a..nd carbon
ad.8orption techno1Q9i..; ..' . ..
"
..;
QuAn8rly laaplinQ of all 16 8Caitorinq ".11.. AC~ion
18'981a wi 11 be ..tablilhed for qrouDdvater, and if exceeded,
vill require collec'ticm aDd trea~t;
C08pl.te 11 t8 fencing and. a security guard. to 11.a1t aCC9.I,
l'11in; of & deed r&8trlC'tlOD 1n tb8 county court.
The eat1mated capital ooet for the .elec~ remedy 1. $6,4~4/OOO,
-------
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. 5tP 29 '89 13:6
Po~
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~. ud an .etiaated. annual operatJ.oe aDd ..1nt8D.8nce coat of
~ "',000. Operat1011 &DC! 8a1Aten.a.nce 1. for 30 yean. ft8
~~t ot thie .1~erD8t1.. 18 ",414,000. .
0'
total
!'hi. conC\lr%W\C8 .bou1cS not be oonat:ued to 88&n that Oh1o IPA
o approve. .of the ..nner 1D wh1ch U.S. IPA recently accelerated the
u/rs proce8. in order to ~ tJU. ROD c088itJI8Dt. In c!oinq
th18, Ohio !PI. va. deprived of 88&4nil19ful and lub8tanti&18
involvement in the RI/FS proce88 U required by CDCLA S.cticm
121(t), 42 use "Ol(f). I hAv. ..ked rrJ .tatt to adc1re.. 8Upport
agency rev1r.r ti.Jll8a 1A . S8JA which we hope to l1890tiate with you
over the next .e~al 8DGtha.
C,.. 0
1"..
Scott BerQre~nl DERR, Sr.DO
~ury Walah, Deputy Director
Jenny Tiell; Chief, CERR
D4ve Strayer, RRS Mqro, DERR, CO
~athy D4vidaon, OERR, CO
Cindy Ratner, ~al, CO
Bob Cottrill, Ch~.t, S!DO
Tom Alcamo/Joe Dufticy, US !PA,
RIlCJion V
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