<.j
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Emergency and
Remedial Response
EP AlRODIROS-90/128
August 1990
COPY' 1!J f
oEPA
Superfund
Record of Decision:'
: - Fisher Cala Chern, IN
HazardouS .
Informationi~ce oen"-,,~
us ePA~>3. ........,.....
Philadelphia I PA 19107
EPA Report Collection
Informaticm Resource Ce!l1tGf ,
US EPA Region 3
Philadelphia, PA 19107
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION 11. REPORT NO. I ~ 3. Recipienta Acce88lon No.
PAGE EPA/ROD/R05-90/128
4. T1I8 and ~... 5. RepM Oata
SUPERFUND RECORD OF DECISION 08/07/90
Fisher Calo Chern, IN
First Remedial Action Final 6.
-
7. AuthorCa) 8. Perlormlng Organiulion Rept. No.
8. Perlormlng OrgalnlDtion Heme and Add..... 10. ProjecVTa8klWork Unit No.
11. Conltec1(C) or Gram(G) No.
(C)
(G)
1~ ~orIng Organlze1lon Heme and Addra.. 13. Type of Report & Pariod Covared
U.S. -Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W. 800/000
Washington, D.C. 20460 14.
15. Supplememary Nolaa
18. AbetreC1 (Umlt: 200 worda)
The Fisher Calo Chern site is in LaPorte County, Indiana. The site is comprised of the
33-acre One-Line Road facility, the 340-acr-e Two-Line Road facility, and the 170-acre
Space Leasing facility. Sur-rounding the site are woodlands, grasslands, wetlands, and
a wildlife area. Site contamination at all three facilities is the r-esult of the
production and distribution of industrial chemicals, and reclamation of waste paint and
metal finishing solvents. From 1970 to 1985, packaging and stor-age violations were
documented by the State during investigations. In 1979 when the State excavated buried
drums from the One-Line Road facility, additional onsite contamination was identified.
In 1982, EPA initiated site investigations that revealed elevated levels of organic
compounds in ground water, heavy metals in the soil, and evidence of additional buried
drums. Sampling and analysis continued until 1988, when EPA initiated a removal action
tr) dispose of drums, tanks, and containers at the Two-Line Road facility. This Record
of Decision (ROD) addresses the remaining contaminated areas including the soil, waste
material, and structures at the site, and contaminated ground water in aquifers
underlying the site. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil, debris,
(See Attached Page)
17. Document Analyala L Deacrlplo,.
Record of Decision - Fisher Calo Chern, IN
First Remedial Action - Final
Contaminated Media: debrisr gw, soil
Key Contaminants: VOCs (TCE, toluene, xylenes), other organics ( P AH s, PCBs),
asbestos
b. Identifiere/Open.Endecl Tarme
Co CooA T1 Reid/Group
18. AvaflablHty Slalemem 19. Security Cia.. (Thla Report) 21. No. of Pagea
None 72
20. Security CI..a (Thla Page) 22. Price
Nnnp
. ~OHM 272 (4.77)
5D272.101
v
(Sea ANSl-Z38.18)
S.elnstrucUona on Reve,..
(Formeriy NTlS-35)
Depertment of Commer..
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EPA/ROD/R05-90/128
Fisher Ca10 Chern, IN
First Remedial Action - Final
Abstract (continued)
and ground water are VOCs including TCE, toluene, xylenes; other organics including
PARs and PCBs; and asbestos.
The selected remedial action for this site includes excavation and incineration of
semi-volatile and PCB-contaminated soil, with ash disposal location to be determined
upon leaching test results; treatment of VOC-contaminated soil remaining in the
excavated area using soil flushing or vapor extraction; limited asbestos removal/repair
of structures and offsite disposal of any aSbestos-containing materials, drums, tanks,
or containers and their contents; treating ground water using an equalization/
sedimentation basin, granular activated carbon, and air stripping, followed by
filtration and reinjection of the treated water into the shallow aquifer to enhance
soil ground water monitoring; and implementation of site access restrictions. The
estimated present worth cost for this remedial action is $31,685,000, which includes an
annual O&M cost of $9,379.000.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS OR GOALS: Excavation levels for contaminated soil are based on
TSCA standards and TBC criteria including PCBs 10 mg/kg. Ground water cleanup levels
are derived from action lev~ls adopted by the State from SDWA MCLs and MCLGs, including
- TCE 5 ug/1.
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* Soil flushin;l or, if pI"O'l/en effective, soil vapor extnctia1 for
volatile organic CCITpOUnd (VOC) ~taminata:1 soils \tU.c::h remain after
excavatia'1. 'n1ese soils wo.Jld be treata:1 until levels of VOCs in soils
are achieved that \o1CUld allo,; attainment of establ ished 9ro.ud water
clearup levels.
* 'laP am EP Toxicity tests en the incineratia1 ash residue to determine
if the untreata:1 ash may be d.ist:osed of ensi te. If the ash ~C:;!1'~ the
'laP and EP Toxicity tests, it may be cx:rcpacted am placed back cnsi te
to fill excavation areas; if the ash dces not pass the 'laP and EP
Toxici ty tests , it will be placed in a RCRA-
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Declaration of Statutory Det.ernlinations
'!he selected l~uedy is protective of h\.nran health and the environment,
catplies with Federal and State requirerre.nts that are le;ally applicable or
relevant am awrcpriate to the remedial actia1, and is rost-e!!ective. 'lhi.s
l~Y utilizes permanent sol uti ens am alternative treatJrent (or resource
recxwery) ted1noloqies to the max.iIrum extent practicable, and it satisfies
the statutory preference for remedies that erploy treatJrent that reduce
toxicity, 1Id:>ility, or volume as their prin:ipal element.
0:Insi.stent with Sectiat 121C of CERCIA, a review will be oonduct.e:l every five
years after ~t of remedial actiat to ensure that the h:auedy
rontinues to provide adequate protection of human health am the environment.
--
~
. Adamkus
Reg' Administrator
Region V
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'D1e F~o site is located in the J
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II. srm HI.S'TCRi' AND ENr~ JiCITV ~'l'l 1':--;
Fi.sher-Calo was prilMrily involved in the ~ckaging, storage, am
ctistribJtion of irrlustrial chemicals as well as the reclamatia'\ of
waste paint and metal fini.s.h.in; solvents. Midwest O1lorine and Midwest
A1mc:Inia, which shared the One-Line facility, were inYol ved in the
prc:duction of scdiurn hypodUorite and the packaging of liquid
d11orine, anhydrous aIII!Onia, sulfur dioxide, anhydrc:us hydrogen
chloride, and methylene chloride for sale to ~rcial users of these
materials .
In 1970, Midwest O1lorine O:>rporation began operaticns at the One-Line
facility. At this time, the disposal of solid waste and liquid waste at the
site began. In 1972, Midwest Amocmia O:>rporatia'\ and Fisher-ca1o Q)emical
Solvents, Incorporated began solveJ'lt reclamation operations at the One-Line
facility. Drums containirg still-bottan wastes were priJrarily stored at Ute
One-Li.ne facility. HC1w'eVer, by 1973, drum storage, disposal and burial
activities were occurring at Space Leasing 0::ITpany. Fisher-calo Q)emical and
SolveJ'lts, In::=orporated had also cc.mnenoed chemical processing activities in
the tuildirqs at the saJthem section of the 'I'Mo-Line facility. In 1978,
Fi.sher-Calo was fonned throogh the merger of Fishe.r-calo O1emical an::l
Solvents, Incorporated, Midwest Almonia o:>rporation, Midwest O1lorine
o:>rporatian, and Wallace Warehoose.
'IhroJghc:ut the history of these firms at the One-Line and the '1\o.1o-Line
facilities, there have been rn.trTeI'OUS inspections of the operations by the
State of Imiana and other regulatory ageocies. NuIrerous violatia'lS of
environmental regulations were dOOJmented during these inspecticn9. In
acXlition, the fOllCMing actions ~ as a result of regulatory
inspections .
In June 1979, the Imiana State Board of Health (ISIJi) excavated buried
drums fran a location in the oortheast corner of the Fisher-ca1o One-
Line facility. DJrin3 these activities, other potential b.lrial and
waste disposal areas were ident::fied. In July 1980, U.s. EPA filed suit
urrler Section 7003 of the Rescu..-ce ())nservation and 'Rea:Nery Act (RCAA) to
elilninate the hazards posed by the previous disposal activities at the
Fisher-ca1o facilities.
In 1982, EPA 's Field Investigation Team (FIT) c::cn:fucted an investigation of
the site. Results of the sarrpling prc:gram in:ticated elevated levels of
organic ~ in the ~ter, and heavy metals in surface soils.
'!he FIT investigation also resulted in identification of a buried magnetic
ananaly. Additional saIrpling was recc:mreJ'rled to define this p:Jtential sooroe
of ~ter contamination and the poteJ1tial for further contaminant
migration. On December 30, 1982, the Fisher-calo site was prq>osed for
inclusion an the National Priorities List (NPL). On September 8, 1983, the
site was prc:m.1lgated on the first NPL.
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In Auqust 1982, U. S. EPA am Fisher-ca1o entered into a O:nsent ~-=. '!he
O:nsent Decree required Fisher-ca1o to uonitor three select.ed mr:nitorirq
\llells CI'1 a quarterly basis to det.erm.i.ne if the cx::n::entraticrs of certain
priority pollutants wa1ld decrease with time. Follorwirq several years of
IIdU. torirq, it bec:".an! ~ that the CXX'1t:aminant levels had rot decreased
in the selected mr:nitorirq wells, there.1:rj ~ the CXI'1t.irued presence
of a cxrrt:.aminatiCl'1 sooree. In January 1985, the Fisher-ca1o solvent
reclamatiCl'1 facilities ~c:M operatia1S 1IIhen Fisher-ca1o In::!ustries divested
itself fran its vario.JS divisioos. In April 1985, EPA i~c:l1ed a WoIX
Assigrm:ent to a contractor to ccn::luct arx! perform an RIfFS at the Fisher-ca1o
site.
In Deoem'ber 1986, U.S. EPA requested that the scope of work at the Fisher-
Calo site be expa.rrled. '!he iN::reased scope of work included sanplirq in
suspected areas of past clisposal and in select.ed areas adjacent to the
Fisher-ca1o 8i te.
RI activities began in May 1987 and cxmtinued until August 31, 1987 when an
arson fire at the Fisher-Calo site trailer halted field activities. '!he
rerrainirg RI activities were corducted fran May thrc:u;h November 1988.
Presently, no nEf!W waste materials are beirq received at the facility.
HCJwIeVer, drummed wastes and tanks oont:.ai.nin;J waste are still beirq stored at
both the north and so.Jth sections of the 'I\.1o-Line facility. Sane solid
waste arrl drortmed waste materials are also still beirg stored at the One-Line
facility. Re:IrDval actions are t.akirq place at the 'I\.1o- Line facility urder
the directiCl'1 of U.S. EPA. It has been assumed that all dIUms, tanks, and
containers at the 'I\.1o-Line facility requi.rirq remedial action will be
satisfactorily resolved in these actions. '!hey are rot, therefore, inclu::led
in lH ~ lS-sions and cost estiJnates in this Record of Decision.
TTT. a::JMJNrIY REIATICNS ~
U.S. EPA p.Jblished the P1~ Plan in acx:ordance with CF'RCIA Section 117.
'Ihis dccument and the Feasibility St1.rly (FS) Report were made available to
the p.Jblic on April 13, 1990, at the beginniJ'q of a 30 day p.Jblic ccmnent
period. 'Ihe PJblic canment period was subsequently exteroed an additional 30
days to a~LK,odate a request by the Potentially Responsible Party (mP)
Steerin:; O:::muittee and the IaPorte cnmty Health Department. A PJblic
neetirq was held on April 26, where awroximate1y 50 pE!q)le att.erded and
expressed their corx::e.rns. O:mnents received durin:; the PJblic <:nmP-'1t period
am the respal6eS to those ccmnent.s are CX¥1tained in the Respa ~iveness
SI.mInary (~A) .
IV. SCDF£ MID R:>lE OF 'mE RESR:.tSE 1Cr1~
U. S. EPA initiated a Remedial Investigation arrl Feasibility St1.rly at the .
. Fisher-ca1o 5i te in April of 1985 when a Work Assignrrent was ~ to one of
the agency's contractors. '!be RIfFS activities involved det.e.rmiJ'Urg the
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nature an:! extent of cxm.amination at t.hesite and evaluatirg the feasibility
of varicus remedial alternatives to clean up the site.
'lhis ~rd of Decisioo (ROD) a~ cxm.aminated soil, waste material am
stnx:tJ.Ires 00 the site, and cxm.aminated qrourdwater in the Ul'derlyirg
aquifers. GraJrrlwater CCtltaminatien was det.ennined to be the primry
~ risk, with surface soil, the Cardinal Ov:mical c:Uscnai-ge lagoa" am
~ ~ site strucbJres am waste materials identified as
ad::ti tia1al. risks. 'Ihese areas were dete.nnined to be threats due to the
pote.ntial risk fran ingestioo, direct contact and inhalatioo of the
~tioo. 'lhis is the first and a1ly planned remedial respa~ actioo
at the site.
V. SI'IE ~T.S'I'ICS
Fonner Fisher-ouo PI'q)erties are Presently ~ied by several irdepe.ndent
cnrpanies whidl are actively doirg rosiness. 'Ihe 0Jrrent site facilities are
sha.Jn a1 Figure 2. Fisher-ouo sold the prcperties located en One-Line Road.
'!he CUITent owners are cp:ratirq fran the facilities en these prq;erties.
'!he remainin; Fisher-caJ.o PI'q)erties are leased am are used for warehcusirg,
packaging, or PrOOuction. '!he OlITently cp:ratirg facilities on the Fisher-
Calo site prcperties inclu:Se:
One-~ ReaQ
. National Packagin:]: Prcduct packaqin:] am c1istribJt.iat
. Cardinal O1ern.ical: Q}emical manufact:urin:] , incluiirq dUorine,
81"~lydrous amrcnia, methylene chloride, and others
~Li.ne Read
. Fisher-caJ.o Q)emical Plant (Acid Prcducts): Warehousin:] am
b1e1"din:l of non-hazardous liquids
. New Plant Life: Manufacturirq of plant food, fertilizers anj varioos
related prcxructs (OJrrently shutdowr.)
. National Packaqin:]: Warehousirq
. Huber Marine: Boat storage
. Megan Q}emical: Vertical tank ownership
. Polar M:>lecular: Blerdirq of cnenu.cals
Other areas outside of the Fisher-ca.1o pI'q)erties Q'1 adja~ JaDp Ian:! are
OCOJpied by actively cp:ratirq lIrleperrlent irrlustries. Fran infOrm3tian am
data collected to date, sane of these active cp:ratians are within the .
contaminated an:! potentially contaminated areas.
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A rem:wal action at the north end of the Two-Line facility is bein;l CC8"ducted
under a unilateral ~ Order issued by u.s. EPA. '!he 1"'eIIaVcU action is
be.in; carried QJt in two-~: Fhase I involves the stagin;l of drums for
rem::wal durin;l R1ase II. R1ase II includes the ex.cavatia"l of the
oontami.nated soils and b.Jried tanks ard drums located a"I the north end of the
'I\.1o-Line ~ prcpert.y. 'the visibly contaminated soils, tanks and dnzms will
be rem:7v'ed fran the north end of the 'I\.1o-Line Road facility and transported
to an appI"q)riate disposal facility. A further rem::1Val actia"l is bein;l
&Cq)8d for the so.Ith end of the 'I\.1o-Line facility. For the p.up:::6eS of this
~rd of Decisia"l, it is assumed that all drums, tanks, ard cont:a..iners on
the 'I\.1o-Line Road property requirm; renatial actia"l are bem; addressed by
these actions. Additional areas on the One-Line facility and imrediately
so..rtl1 of the National PacJcaginJ build.irq may require rem::rval actia1S. 'these
areas are addressed in this R:>D.
rata gathered durin;l the Remedial Imestiqation (RI) at the Fisher Calo Site
Wicate the followin;:
. An ~ and a lOwer aquifer have been identified at the site.
. The ~, unconfined aqui fer ext.erds fran the tq> of the water table
(rarqing fran 3 to 20 feet below the qro.Jnd surface) to the top of a
silty clay d~it and is bet'ween 40 to 75 feet thick.
. A silty clay a qui tard urrlerlies the 1JR:Ier aquifer thr'oJghcut uuch of
the study area ard is approxbrately 9 to 17 feet thick.
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. 'Ihe &.lrface of the silty clay aquitard exhibits an e1argated
depression that t.rerds northwest to soothe.ast across the center of
the site.
. A lower aquifer lies between the a qui tard an:! an urrlerlyin; hard,
dense clayey silt d~it believed to be a basal till.
. Grcw'dwater flow in the 1JR:Ier aquifer at Fisher-calo is to the so.Ith
ard SOJthwest, \rohid1 is oonsi.stent with regional flow patterns.
. Gro.Jrdwater velocity in the ~ aquifer varies accordin; to depth,
rargin; fran 211 ft/yr in the shallow portion, to 131 ft/yr in the
internediate portion, to 41 ft/yr in the deep portion. Hc:Jwever,
acbJ.a1 gro..D'"rlwater velocities will vary across the aquifer due to
variation in the ~I~ition of the aquifer as well as variations in
hydraulic gradient. .
. Based on the results of the sa1!plin; and analysis fratl two JrOnitorin;
wells in the lower aquifer, the lower aquifer does rot ~r to be
affected by gro..D'"rlwater contarninaticm.
. Grourrlwater discharge is ocx:urrirq at prc:duction wells, residential
wells, J
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. ~ OOl'1t.aIIUnants present in the saturated ZCI1e were ~rable
between soils ard groordwater. With a1e exceptim, oc:nt.aminatiCl'l
a[pears to be lilni ted to the shallChl ard :intermediate portioos of the
\JR)er aquifer at discrete locations ac::rcss the project stu::!y area.
~ deep portion of the ~ aquifer in the Cardinal Q}emical area
is oc:nt.aminated.
. ~ primary oontaminants of 00J")0em in groordwater are the follcwin;
dUorinated organics: 1,1, I-trichloroethane, 1, 2~ch1oroethene, 1,1-
didUoroethane, trichloroethane, and methylene chloride.
. At least three in:tividual contaminatiCl'l plumes have been identified
(See Figure 4):
- One plume is located down;radient of the old waste d;~ area at
. the Fi.sher-oUo Plant.
- '!he sea:n:i plume awears to originate near the NatiaKU Packaging
Facility.
- BasEd a'1 the variatia'1 of ~ detected in each well nest,
there may be several plumes present near the Cardinal C1emical
O:rrpany facility.
-::
. Five specific locations were identified as haviIq oc:nt.aminated
subsurface soils that are likely sooroes of g:ro..n-rlwater
contamination; other than these areas, the unsaturated zone was
relatively c:ean. All five locations contained the contaminants that
were detected in the g:ro..n-rlwater.
. At sane of the locatioos ..mere the unsaturated zone was clean,
significant contamination was e.xhibited in the saturated ZCD!.
'TheSe contaminants are being transported by the g:ro..n-rlwater and will
be a.ci:U"essEd as such.
. SUrface soils at the site are contaminated wit h the follcwi.n:]
cnemicals of concern: 1,1, I-trichloroethane ('IO.), bis (2-
ethyThexyl) Ji1thalate, isq::horone, polynuclear aranatic hydrocart:lons
(PAHs), and ArodUor-1260 (PCB). '!he Cardinal O1emical Facility area
was the most heavily contaminated area.
. Elevated canoentrations (above 1,000 u;Vkg) of organic contaminants
exist in areas \oIhere drums are or were stored, \Iw'here waste lagcx:ns
were present at one tiJre, or..mere waste disp::sal pits existed.
'Ibese locations on 'I\.'o-Line Road p~ are targeted for the
surface soil rerroval prcgram a.1ITently being carried o.Jt as part of
the rem:MU action urxier the Unilateral AdmW.strative Order.
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. Many of the CX1I1taminants detected in the surface soils were also
detected in the Sl1~ace soil an:! grourdwater 6aITples. Addi tianal
oc:nt..aminants were found in the subsurface soil that were rot detect.e:j
at the surface, inclu::ling VOCs such as TCE, tetradUoroethylene,
toluene, ard xylene.
. SUrface water saIIples fran Trctvis Di td1, Kin;sbury creek ard the
Xankakee River did rot 0CI'1tain elevated ccnoentraticns of
oc:nt..aminants. 'the sediment sanples collected frau the cti.scharge
lagOCl'l 00 Cardinal O'snical prc:pert:y oc:nta.ined elevated levels of
Arochlor-1260, d1loroform, an:l bis (2-ethy1hexyl) Ii1t.halate.
. '.rwo areas of potentially b..1ried waste materials ~ identified: cne
00 Space Leasing Prq:ert:y; the other just so.rt.heast of the Cardinal
Clem.ical Plant builc:tings (See Figures 13 am 14). Elevated soil gas
read.i.rqs were c:bseIved on the Space Leasing Prq:ert:y, an:! elevated
soil gas readings were observed an:! SlIbc::1.1rface fe.rroos material was
identified during a magnetareter &JIVe'j on the prc:pert:y so.rt.heast of
Cardinal O1emical.
Post Remedial Imestiqation Infonnation
After RI field work was cx:mpleted, two aci1.itional sanplin:1 efforts imicated
that (1) asbestos is present within tl1e b..tildi.ngs on tl1e 00rtl1 em of ~
Line Road prc:pert:y am (2) 00 d~dient private or ITUTlicipal wells were
contaminated witl1 volatile organic ~ ~). Botl1 ~tin] JcrDP
production wells were also tested an:l shC7Wed no VOC contamination; however,
a third prOOuction well, XIDP well A, had been previously shut down due to
voc cxntaminatiat.
VI. ~ OF SITE RISRS
'!he Risk Assessment for the Fisher-Calo Site 1n:ticated that the primary
exp:sure patllway was thro.Jgh the qrcurrlwater, an:! t.hat the contaminant
concentrations in each of the identified contaminant plumes could present an
unacceptable risk to human health. Soils in SCIre areas of the site are
considered to be sources of qrcurrlwater contaminatioo. Potentially b..1ried
drums may also be a continuirg sooroe of grourdwater contamination. Asbestos
contained in materials layin] on the gI'Q.11X! an:! asbestos which may be present
in b..tild.i.ng exterior canstruction materials may present an unacceptable risk
to human health. Additionally, the Cardinal Q)emical d.ischarge lagoon could
present an unacceptable risk to human health; other surfa~ waters near the
site do not. .
VrI. J:ESaUPI'Irn OF ~
'the U.S. EPA has identified ard evaluated an array of remedial alternatives
t.hat could be used to le.IlOOy the Fishe.r-Calo site. '!he alternatives
presented here are those that survived pre.liJninary scree.niIq to urde.rgo
detailed analysis. In evaluating these alternatives, U.S. EPA considered the
follow ing nine criteria:
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1. Overall Protection of Human Health and Environrrent addresses whether 8
l~.edy provides adequate protection, and describes haw risks are eliminated
or reduced thrcu;;h treat1nent, engineeriJ'g ocntrols, or instituti~
CXI'Itrols .
2. O::Irplianoe with AAARs addresses W'hether 8 l~ will meet all of the
at:Plicable or relevant ard apprq::>riate requirements (ARARs) of other
envirtnDenta1 statutes and,Ior provide grcun:ls for invok:irg 8 waiver.
3. I..cn:l-t.erra Effectiveness ard Permanence refers to the ability of 8
remedy to maintain reliable protection of human health ard the envira1ment
CNer time, oooe the remedial qoals have been met.
4. ~ion 9f Toxicitv. Mobilitv. or Voltnre .is the anticipated
J:erlormanoe of the treatJrent technolc:gies that 8 lE:.l~ my errploy.
S. Short-term Effectiveness involves the period of time ~ to adUeve
protection ard any adverse iJrpaots on human health ard the envirc:nment that
may be posed duriJ'g the oonstroction ard iJrplerentation period, ard until
remedial goals are achieved.
6. DT;>lement.ability.is the technical ard adrnini.st.rcstive feasiliility of a
remedy, includirg the availability of the gcx:ds ard sexvioes r-ied to
iJrplement the chosen solution.
p
7. ~ includes capital and c:peratian an:! ma~ (O&M) costs.
8. SUpport hJ.e:rc{ Acceptance iIricates \Whether, based on its review of the
RIfF'S ard Prcposed Plan, the SlJR:Ort agency (IDEM) oonc:::urs, q:poces, or has
no ccmrent on the preferred alt.eniative.
9. O:mmln.i tv AccePtance is the degree to \tUcn the camuni ty SlJt:POrts the
1 ~lr&.ly se1ecte::1.
The alternatives that urderwent detailed analysis are briefly descril:1ed
below. Refer to Tables 1 and 2 for a SI..1Im\aI'Y of the key points ar d the cost
of ead1 alternative. Detailed descriptions of ead1 alternative are presented
in the FS I'e{:Ort.
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~
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, .
.. --.... -
-.. ~... --.-... -_..... ..--.--.
-9-
Al ternati ve 1 - No Action
'Ihe no actiat alternative wo..tld not involve any renedial actia1S an:! the site
wo..tld retain in its present o:n:Ution. No turds wo..tld be ~ for
mon.i torin; , oc:ntrol, or clean up of the contaminated so.lI'Oe area an:!
qrourdwater. 'Ihis alternative, ~d1 is required by the NCP an:! SARA, is a
baseline against ~d1 the effectiveness of other alternative remedies 15
cx:mpared.
Alternative 2- SOOroe Cbntainment. ~ter Q,l1ection. an:! D~
Alternative 2 inclu:3es a m.1lt':i1Tw:!Q.ia SUbtitle C ~ cap r::Ner all areas as
identified in Figures 5 t.hro.Jgh B; qrourdwater oollectia'\ an:! discharge to
Travis Ditch; the installatia'\ of a new water SUWly well: ac;..~c::noent and
limi ted rem:wal/repair of e.xistin;, asbestos-containin:;J structures; and SQil
gas testin;, test pits arrl aw~riate follC1wo'-1JP of Space Leasin; and KIDP
p~es.
'!he areas to be ~ wo..tld first be cleared and graded. Next a JIUltiJreii.a
SUbti tle C ~ cap wo..tld be installed CNer the designated areas. '!be cap
fran bottan to tq> wo..tld consist of cx:rTpacted clay, synthetic membrane, a
drainage layer, cx:rTpacted native soil, top soil and a vegetative layer. A
cross-sectia'\ of the cap is shown on Figure 9.
Extractia'\ wells wo..tld be installed to hydraulically cantC'.in and extract the
contaminated plumes at the Fisher-Calo site. Fran the extraction wells,
water we:W.d be p.mped to one of three Travis Ditch Naticnal Follutiat
Di.scmrge Elimination System (NKIES) discharge points.
A nonitorirg well system would be installed to detem.ine the effectiveness of
this alternative, arrl a cantirgen:.y plan wculd be develcped to provide
further remedial action in the event that the extractia'\ wells are net
effective in cantainin:;J the oontaminated plumes.
A new productim well would be installed capable of producirg at least 500
gallons per minute. 'n1is well is needed to replace the capacity of an
e.xistirg prOOuction well (well A) previo..lSly closed due to contaminatioo.
'n1is well wculd be drilled t.hro.Jgh the ~ aquifer and 5il ty-clay aqui tard
and penetrate the lower, semi-confined aquifer.
An asbestos assessment arrl limited asbestos rem:rv'al/repair of exi.st.in;
structures 00 the Two-Line Road prq:erty would also be perfonned. All
transite panels and intact thermal insulation wculd be ~ated. tJn2r
an asbestos management prcqram, all friable, daIraged ~tos Q:r1ta.ininq
Material (AQof) wculd be wet cleaned or HEPA vacuumed. DJst fraD the entire
b.1ild.in;J is ~ to be a possible bearer of asbestos fibers and all
surfaces wc:uld be wet cleaned or HEPA vacuumed by ~ified asbestos workers.
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....- --' . .
- ... """--..... - ..- ..- -..----..---.....,..-.. .
~
-10-
~tive 3 - In-s~tu Stabilization Grn.IDdwater Q:)llect'
Reiniection. Bio~iatiQD
Alternative 3 incllX3es the in-situ stabilizatia1 of c;ro..n:!water source and
PCB areas; ~ter COllectia1, treatJrent, and reinject1Q'1; installatiat
of a new water SUWly well; an A-"--'='E'nt and limited 1"em:wal/repair of
asbestos ~ existirg structures; and soU gas ~in;, test pits and
awlq)riate foll~ of Space I.easin; and JrUtorin; well system and associated corrt:in;eocy plan, ard a new
Prcductia1 '-'ell will be installed. An asbestos as.ses.sment ard limited
asbestos removal/repair of existing structures WOUld be perfOrmed as
di~)~ for Alternative 2. .
ternative 4 - LilTtited Excavation Onsite Inc'
Q:)llection. Treabent. Discharge
Alternative 4 inchrJes the excavation ard onsite incineration of c;ro..n:!water
source ard PCB areas; qrt::IUI"rlwater COllection, treatJrent ard di.sd1arge to .
Travis Ditch; installation of a new water SJt:ply well; an.As..~~ and
limi ted renoval/repair of existing asbestos containin; structures; ard soil
gas testing, test pits am awJ:'q)riate foll~ of Space leasing ard KI'DP
prc:perties .
tion ~
'the areas to be excavated and incinerated are identified in Figures 10
t:.hrcu;h 12. Awroximately 29,500 OJbic yards of soil WCJ..1ld be excavated and
incinerated in a circu1atirq bed =nbust.ia> (CBC) unit. '1t:IP and EP Ta>dcity
tests to.O.1ld be perfOrmed on the ash residue to determine if the untreated ash
may be di~ of ansite. If the ash P"sses the TCIP an:! EP Toxicity
tests, the ash WOOld be cx:rtpacted ard placed back cn;ite to fill excavation
areas; if the ash does not pass the TCIP ard EP Toxicity tests, the ash will
be disposed in a RCF.A CXlIpliant hazardcus waste landfill.
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. ..... . -_. ..-... -- . ,
-11-
E>ctraction wells will be installed to extract all contaminated grcundwater.
Followirq extraction, the contaminated grourdwater would be p~ thrtu;h a
pipe network to a ~ter treatment facility. '!he treatment system would
cx:nsist of an equa1izatiav~;1nPT1tation basin, GN: column, an1 an air
striJ:par tower. Foll~ treatment, water would be pmped to a Travis Ditch
NFreS di.scnarge point.
A m:ni torin;1 well system and associated contirgency plan and a new
prc:ductioo well will be installed. An ac:.~~nt and limited asbestos
rem:7Val/repair of exi.stirg struc.-t:ures would be perfoz:med CIS d; I:n '''''~ in
Al ternative 2.
Alternative 5 - Lilnited Excavation. Onsite Landfill. Grourrlwater o:>llection.
TreatJrent. Discharge
Alternative 5 in:ludes the excavation and onsite landfilling of grcundwater
so.lI"Oe and PCB areas; ~ter collection, treatment and d.iscnarge to
Travis Ditc::h; installation of a rew water SUWly well: assessment and
limited renoval/repair of asbestos containiIg existing structures; and soil
gas t..esting, test pits and awrcpriate follC1tol-Up of Space I.easin;1 an::! KIDP
prc:perties .
Awroximately 29,500 o.1bic yards of soil would be excavated and placed in an
onsite landfill. 'n1e areas to be excavated are identified in Figures 10
t.hrcu;h 12. '!he landfill would be located bet7ween One-Line and 'lW-Line Road
and wculd lie partially bel~ grade, maintainin; at least 10 feet between the
bottan of the landfill and the grourdwater table as requL""Ed by~. After
contaminated soils have been excavated and placed in the )andfill, ~
landfill would be closed by cawin;1 with a IIUlti-layer ~ SUbtitle C cap.
A grwrdwater treatJrent scneme walld be installed as d; c:n lSSE!d for
Al ternati ve 4. A JrOni torin;1 well system and associated oontirgerqr plan and
a rew prcduction well walld be installed. An assessment and limited asbestos
1"E!JTOVal/~ir of existin;1 strucb.1res wculd be perfonred as dic:nu;:~ for
Al ternati ve 2.
Alternative 6 - Extensive Excavation. Soil Wash. Onsite larrlfill. Gro..Irrlwater
0:>11 ect ion. TreatJne.nt. Discharae
Alternative 6 in:ludes the excavation and soil washin;l of all contaminated
areas and onsite ~ Subtitle C landfillin;1 of soil wash residuals;
grwrdwater eollection, treatment and d.iscnarge to Travis Ditc::h: i.nsta1lation
of a rew water SUWly well: assessment and OCI1plete renoval of exi.stirg
structures; and soil gas testin;1, test pits and awrcpriate follor.H.1p of
Space I.easirg and KIDP prq:ert:ies.
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-12-
AR:>l"'OX.i1rate1y 235,500 aJbic yards of soil would be excavatEd and treated
usi.n:J onsite soil washin;. '!he areas to be excavated are identified in
Figures 5 t.hrcuj1 8. Follo..ring excavation, soils will be t.Emporarily placed
in a pre-fabricated buildi.n;; excavation and treatment of the soil will ocx:ur
s:im..11tanecusly in a CXIOrd.1.nated effort. '!he oootaminated soil will be fed to
the treatJrent plant at the sites. After the soil wash process, "cleaned"
soil will be placed back onsite. O:ntami.nated froth filter ca.ke will be
prcduoed by the process. '!his material will be di~ of in an a1-Site
RC&\ lardfill in a manner similar to that di~',,-=ed for Alternative 5.
A ~ter treatment scheme will be installed similar to that d i ~ ,eeed
for Alte.rnative 4. A JJX:nitoring well system and associated contirqen:.y plan
and rew prc:ductiCl'1 well will be installed as di~'<=.-=ed for Alternative 2. An
;t <='~c::!nQ11t arrl ocrrplete rem.:wal of existing asbestos-oontaininq structures CI'1
Two-Line road prq::erty \roIa1ld be perfoI1le:1.
-
Alternative 7 - Extensive Excavation. Onsite Incineration. GmJrdwater
Coll~ion. Treabnent. DisdAarqe
Alternative 7 inclooes the excavation of all oootaminated areas; the cnsite
incineration of organically contaminated soils arrl the oosite RCRA .
lardfillirg of inorganically contaminated soils and soils which do not pass
the TCIP arrl EP toxicity tests: ql"'CJ.lrrlwater collection, treatJrent and
cli.scharge to Travis Di td1; installation of a rew water SUWly well;
;!<='c::PC:.c:mo1"lt arrl ocrrplete rem::7Va.l of existing asbestos containinq structures;
and soil gas testing, test pits arrl awropriate follow-up of Space Leasing
and KIDP prcperties.
AR:>l"'OX.i1rate1y 180,000 OJbic yards of organically-oantami.nated soil walld be
excavated arrl treated using a CBC incinerator. '!he 5'.)ils with organic
contamination identified in Figures 5 t.hrcuj1 8 contain, in sane instances,
high inorganic concentrations. ro.P arrl EP toxicity tests \roIa1ld be perfonred
an the ash residue to provide Worrration on ~ther or not untreated ash may
be disp::sed of onsite. If untreated ash ~~ the 'IcrP am EP toxicity
tests, the ash \roIa1ld be placed onsite. Soils that do not pass the 'laP and
EP Toxicity tests \roIa1ld be placed in an ensi te ~ lardfill.
Awrcxbrate1y 53,500 OJbic yards of wrganica1ly-oontaminated soil would be
excavated arrl placed in an onsite RCRA lardfill. '!he oonstruction and
q:eration of this lardfill would be similar to that di~sed for Alternative
5.
A ~ter treatment scheme will be installed swlar to that di~,<=.sed
for Alte.rnative 4. A JrOnitoring well system arrl associated contin3ency plan
arrl rew prcduction well will be installed as di~'ec;ed for Alternative 2. An
a.ssessment arrl CXlIplete rem::7Va.l of existing asbestos oontaininq structures on
'I'No-Line road prq::erty would be performed.
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_. . - .. ". --------....--..
- - ~ . - .~
-13-
Alternative 8 - Extensive Excavation. Offsite I..an:U'ill. ~ter
Cbllectioo. Treatmerrt: ard Discharae
Alternative 8 1n:lu:Se:s the excavatioo am offsite ~;c:r-="l of all
CX1I1t.am.inated areas; groundwater collection, treatment am discnarge to Travis
Ditd1; installatioo of a new water supply well; as.~ am oarplete
rem:MU of exist..in; asbestos oontainirg structures; and soil gas t.est:.ing,
test pits ard apprq:>riate follow-up of Space Leasing and JcrDP ~es.
AwrcxiJnate1y 235,500 OJbic yards of soil wc:W.d be excavated and ~;~ of
in an offsite ~ hazardo.1s waste lan1fill. 'lhe areas to be excavated are
identified in Figures 5 through 8. All CX1I1t.am.inated soils wc:W.d be
transported in acxx>~ with the regulations goveznirg the transportatioo
of hazardaJS materials as listed in the 0::xSe of Federal ~aticns (CFR),
Title 49 an::! arrj awlicable state requlations. Clean iJrported fill wc:W.d be
used for backfillirg excavated areas. '1hese areas wc:W.d be graded to near
pI'EHXnStructioo elevations, CXNered with clean tcp soil am then re!'~Q(;!.
A groundwater treatment scheme would be installed similar to that ~;c:r".I'''''~
for Alternative 4. A nonitorirg well system and associated contirgency plan
am new prcductioo well would be installed as ~;c:r".I\~~ for Alternative 2.
An 8S-Se>S-c:!nI:>..TIt and carplete rem:r,.ral of existirq asbestos oontainirg structures
00 Two-Line Road property would be performed.
VTTT. &JoKP\RY OF' a:MPAAATIVE AWJA'SIS OF' ~
'!he nine criteria used for evaluatirg the.remedial alternatives listed above
incl1.Xie: overall protection of human health am the environment; CX1'\1)lianoe
with ARARs; lon;J-te.rm effectiveness: reduction of toxicity, JrObility or
voluzre: short-term effectiveness: iltplementability: cost: State of Indiana
acoeptanoe; and acoeptanoe by the camunities of ~, am ~,
Iniiana .
Based 00 these nine cri teria, the u.s. EPA and I.DEM have selected Alternative
4 as the preferred alternative for the remedial actioo at the Fisher-calo
Site. 'lhe preferred alternative entails limited excavation of groundwater
soorc:e am FCB areas: on-si te incineration of excavated soils; groundwater
collectioo , treatment and di.scnarge to Travis Ditd1: installation of a new
water ~ly well; assessment and limited rem::JVal/repair cf existirq asbestos
oontainirg structures: soil gas testirq, test pits, ani awrq:>riate foll~
up of Space Leasirg ani KIDP properties: ani groundwater nmitorirg am the
develc:pnent of a oontirgency plan.
DJe to cx::mnents racei ved durirq the public cx:mnent period, fem" elements of
the preferred Alternative 4 were cha.n:Jed. First, it was detennined that it
would be m::>re protective ani effective to reinject the disc:.harqe stream fran
the groundwater treatment plant back into the site's shallaw aquifer rather
than disc:.harqe it to Travis Di td1. Secarrl, certain ~tia1 am .
~
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. -.- .... --....-. .-.- .-- - .
-14-
mll1rt:.e.nanoe cnsts which were anitted fran the preferred Alte.mative 4 ~
to be added. 'Ihird, imnediate fe.nc~ of the Q1e-Line Road p~, the
Naticnal Pac:kag~ property, and unsea.u-ed perimeter areas of the '1\o.1o-Line
Road p~ shall be iJrpleJnented to prevent aooess and unauthorized ent:zy
art:.o these prq::erties. Fourth, soil flu.shirq, or soil vapor extractiC21 if
Pl"'OYen effective, will be Employed to treat soils oc:.nt.amiJated with volatile
organic 0. "'I. ounis (VOQ;) rather than incinerat.in; these soils. It was
detennined that this treatment WOUld be JOC)re effective than incineratiC21 for
voc-ocntaminated soils rezrainin:J after excavatiC21 of PCB and senivolatile-
cx:ntaminated soils. '!he net result of these charges to the preferred
alternative is that the estimated cost of the selected lc.;aly is now
$31,685,000 as r lorq-tenn effectiveness.
Alternative 2 WOUld provide gocd lan;-term effectiveness against all of the
risks listed above blt would potentially create additicnal risk thrcugh
disctwge of contaminated g:r'OJrrlwater to Travis Citcb. Ir. additiC21,
alternative 2 WOlld allON oontamlnated soils to remain in place and WD.1ld
provide a cap CNer soils, whid1 would increase the duration of the required
g:r'OJrrlwater pmpin:3 efforts. Alternative 3 WOUld provide an additia1a1.
mP..asure of oontrol against oontarninant migratia'l in gl"alJ"dwater source and
PCB areas blt does not address rema~ areas of soil oontaminatia'l.
M:titionally, Alternative 3 provides a measure to flush oontaminants fran the
soil matrix. Alternatives 4 and 5 provide for excavation and reJICNal of
..
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- - - ..... .-
. .. .. . .'. - -- ...-.. . - _. -a... - .
'"
-15-
grourx!water SCJ.JrOe and PCB areas. An incinerator residue is all that would
remUn to be managed in these %"E?J'IIO\Ial areas for Al ternati ve 4, am
Alternative 5 Wt11ld provide a centralized location for oontaminated soils and
preventative ~o;:ures for oc:rrt:aminant migration into grourx!water. Neither
alternative Wt11ld provide action for reraininq areas of soil oontamination,
and Alternative 5 Wt11ld all~ materials to remain in the vicinity of the
site. Alternatives 6,7, and 8 Wt11ld provide an adjed degree of soU
excavation, Wt11ld serve to reduce the period required to p..mp and treat
ocntaminated grourx!water, am \Io'\:Uld provide :full ~j;!ltiCl'1 of asbestos
~ st.ruct:ures as ~ to stabilizirg asbestos and allowin; it to
remUn in place. Alternative 8 Wt11ld be the most effective l~Y by
physically rem::1Vilq contaminated soils fran the site.
~ion of Toxicity, Mobility or VolU!T'e - '!he table below provides a
relative ranki.n3 of alternatives for this criterion.
A1 te.IT\ative
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Toxicity Reduction Mobility Reduction
None None
Na1e Intennediate
None Inte.Im3d.iate
Intermediate Intennediate
None Intennediate
Intermediate Intermediate
Significant significant
Significant with Significant
respect to site a1ly
Vol U!T'e Reduction
Na1e
MWmal
Minimal
Intermediate
Minimal
MirelDal - Asbestos Only
Significant
Significant with
respect to site a1ly
Short-Term Effectiveness - 1II1?1e.ment.ation of Alternative 1 wcW.d rot pI"Oduoe
any short-term iJrpacts to the ccrmunity, workers, or the environment.
Excavation of tests pits a1 Space I.easirg and JaDP prcperty, '-'rlch is
in::luded in alternatives 2 through 8, rould ~ workers and the
environznent to oontaminated materials or vapors. Limited asbestos rem:7YcU
and repair, which is in::lOOed in Alternatives 2 through 5, rould create a
short-term e>qx:sure to workers, the ccrmunity, and the err.rironznent.
O::ITplete asbestos 1"en'D\1al wcW.d aeate a trOre significant potential e>qx:sure
to asbestos (Alternatives 6, 7 and 8). Limited excavation provided in
Alternatives 4 and 5, and mre significantly, extensive excavation in
Al ternati ves 6, 7, and 8, wculd potentially expose workers, the camun1 ty ,
and environznent to volatile organics and dust released durilq excavatia1
activities. A&:litionally, incineration of contaminated soils provided in
Alternatives 4 and 7 rould create e>qx:sure to ca1taminants durin; startup and
shutd~ pericds or malfunctioos: however, these occ:urren.'e5 are ~ to
be minimal. Alternatives 5 and 6, and to a IIUd1 greater extent, Alternative
8, rould potentially expose the workers, camuni ty, and environznent to
oontamination durilq transportation and Emplacement of materials into the
1 arrlf ill.
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-16-
IITpl~ility - With the exception of Alternatives 3 ard 6, '-'U.ci1 use
innovative t.ed1nolcqy and as sud'1 may require special ccnst.ructiat ard
q:e.ntiat, all altematives W01ld utilize standard JIr:I"1itoring ard
cx:nst.ructiat techniques which W01ld be readily iJlplementable. 'Ihe mus
permit required as part of Alternative 2 may not be possible to cbtain.
~ - '!he I'ts the prefeITed altemative.
a:::rmwutv Acceptance - O::r1m.Jnity accept.anoe of the preferred a1temative is
eva.l uated in the attached Responsiveness SI.1rrmary.
IX. '!HE SEIB:TED REMED'l
'!he selected l~lIedy for the Flsher-Calo Site is Altemative 4, as ~ by
the c:harqes made in response to p..1blic cx:mnents (Le. reinjection of
treated groorrlwater as ~ to d.i.sd1arge to Travis Ditdl, the revised
cx:st estimate, fencing, and flushing,lsoil vapor extractioo of voc-
cont.aminated soils as ~ to in::ineration). Base:i on 0Jrrent
information, this alternative provides the best balance am::n;J the
alternatives with respect to u.S. EPA's nine criteria.
Fencirg
'!he facility shall be fenced in a manner sufficient to prevent acx::ess to the
One-Line Road facility, Two-Line Road facility, and Natiooal Packaging
facility. Wa.rning signs shall be posted at 20o-foot inteIva1s alag the
fence advising that the area is hazardOJS due to chemicals in the soils \llhici1
may pose a risk to p.Jbl ic health. SUch signs may be I"E!rIaVed oooe all soil
rem:rliation activities are ccrrpleted.
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. . ... . ..-
- "-_.. '-' --.-..- '.-.
-17-
Soil E>ccavation and Incineration
Soil sarrplirg sufficient to fully delineate the horizontal ard vertical
extent of o::ntamination in the semivolatile an:! PCB areas, shewn
awrc:ocimately at Figures 10 th.rcu3h 12, and all areas exwered by the prior
and aqoirg renoval actic:ns shall be CXI'rlucted. Soil shall be excavated an:1
incinerated \.D'1til all of the follC1w'in; cleanup levels have beerI achieved:
contaminar1t
PCBs
i.sqOOrone
bis (2-ethylhexyl) J:bthalate
clearnm level
10 AD
18 ppn
5.4 AD
All ~sary Jnj:>)OJc:ures shall be taken durirg excavation to ensure that the
release of oontaminants to the air is minbnized. Excavated areas shall be
backfilled witi1 clean !Jtported fill an:1,Ior incineration ash \ro'hic:t1 ~C;;!2'es the
. TCI.P an:1 EP Toxicity tests.
All excavated soils shall be incinerated in an cn-site canb..1stion unit
capable of achievirg CClTplianoe with all requirezrents of ~, 'I'SCA ani any
~1icable state laws or regulations. Prior test.in; shall be performed to
determine ti1e suitability of the unit for meetin;J dest..ruction efficieroes am
other requi.rements of RCRA, TSCA am state regulations.
TCI.P and EP Toxicity tests shall be performed on the ash residue to provide
data to deu-.nni.ne w11eti1er untreated ash may be di.sp:;sed of ansite. If the
untreated ash p;'\5ses the TCI.P and EP Toxicity tests, the ash may be placed
back ensite to fill excavation areas. Clean soil exwer shall be placed CNer
ash backfill to allcu vegetative ~ similar to that in areas surro.m::ling
the excavation areas. Ash \ro'hic:t1 does rot pass the 'IaP ard EP Toxicity tests
shall be transported to an offsite RCRA-
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-18-
will be sufficient to hydraulically cx:rn.ain an:! :rem::IVe the three cart:aminant
plumes identified durin; the Remedial Investigatia1 (see figure 4) as well as
any other plumes identified durin; remedial design of rernectial actia1 , an:!
ensure that injection wells will be placed p~ly to qJtimize flushi.rg an:!
phme oonta.inment. Based a1 the pre-design work, extractiat wells shall be
installed to hydraulically cx:rrt:ain the contaminant plumes an:! extract.
c:x:ntaminated grwn1wat.er for treaarent.
Follo.'irg extractiat, the grwn1wat.er shall be P ~ to an
equa1izatiaysediJIe1tation basin an:! then P"~ tJu'c:u;h an air stri~
t:.o".1er. 'Ihe treated water shall be p.mped to the inj ectiat wells, P"''''~
tJu'c:u;h a micro-filter, am then reinjected into the cxrrt4minated aquifer.
Reinjection shall be performed to flush contam.inants fran the soils as well
as the ~ water. 'Ihe contaminated air fran the air striI=Per shall be
~s.sed tJu'c:u;h a CAC column to rem::rve organic cart:aminants. O::Ir'Itami11ated CAC
shall be disposed of in a ma.mer which shall minimize the release of
contaminants to the air.
'!he extraction am treatment system shall be c:parated until the
.c:xn::entrations of the folleMin; contaminants in the grwn1water JIa'Utoring
wells at the dor.omgradient plurre bourrlaIy do not e.~ the ~ticns
listed heleM, or stardard.s or levels which are prcm1lgated in the future, for
eight c:x:nsea.rt:ive quarterly 1!X:mitorin; events:
contaminant
trichloroethylene
trans 1,2. dichloroethylene
1,1,1-trichloroethane
methylene chloride
vinyl chlorine
cleanup level
5 ppb
70 ppb
200 I=PD
5 ppb
2 ppb
'!he extraction am treatment system shall be started up again if these levels
are exC'eeded in S31~ent noni torin; events. .
GraJTdwater ~nitorim System ard Q:)ntirgency Plan
A JIa'U tor in; well system oonsi.st.irg of wells screened in the uwer aquifer
an:! wells screened in the lower aquifer shall be installed to determine the
effectiveness of this 1:~lIedy, am to determine if acXtitiOt~ contaminant
pI umes not identified durin; the RI exist at the 8i tee 'Ib the extent
practicable, existirq RI wells shall be inoozporated into this system.
A cc:ntingerq plan shall be develcp:d to provide further rernectial actiat in
the event that the extraction wells are not effective in CXX'1taining the
CXI1taminated plumes, or drinkin:;J water or health-based starrlards for artj
contaminant are exceeded in the future.
New PrOOuction Well
A rew prcxfuction well shall be installed capable of prod\.K;'irq at least 500
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(]allons per mirute. 'Jhis well shall replace the capacity of an erlstin:J
productia'l well (Jcteriors - ~ation of friable ACH
* Materials rot in or a'I arlldin;s or Structures - Renoval and disposal
of Ac-f in accordance with regulations oantained in 40 em. Part 61.
Personnel in buildiIgs containin:l AOt in the interior shall be notified
regard.irg the nature anj corrlition of AOt in these build.irgs.
Potential! v B.1ried Drums
Two areas where b.1ried drums an1/or other containers may )-ave o:me to be
located have been identified on KIDP and Space I.easin; prc.party. 'Ihese
awrox.iJnate locations are in:tic:ated on Figures 13 and 14. Soil gas suzveys
shall be corrlucted in ~,ese areas and the imnediate vicinity to identify
potential organic ocntaminatia"l. Based a"I the results of the soil gas
sw:veys, test pits shall be excavated to identify potentially buried drums
and/or other containers.
'Ihe follOo/in; actions shall be taken based CI'1 OOsel'vation.c; and f~
durin; the excavatiCl'1 of the test pits:
* No drums or O::rJtainers Foond- backfill test pits.
* DTpty Drums or O:Intainers Fourxl- Crush and properly di.stx:se of e1Cpties:
perfonn soil saIIplirg in vicinity of drums or oontaine.rs: ~lIliend and
perfonn follow-up actions consistent with ather porticns of this R:lD
based 00 sarrplirg results.
* Drums or O:x1tainers Fo.m with Cbntents- Excavate and properly di.stx:se
of drums an1/or containers: perfonn soU sanplirg in vicinity of drums
or containers: I'E:v...alWlend and perfonn follow-up acticns cx:nsistent with
Section IX of this R:)[) based CI'1 sanpl irg results. .
One-Line and National Packagirq RerToval Scxx>irg/Action
Drums, tanks and containers located CI'1 the ene-Line FacU5.ty and imnediately
sooth of the National Packaqirg tWldirg (see figure in Declaration for the
Record of Decisia"l) shall be inspected and sarrpled, and the follOo/irq actions
shall be taken based 00 the results of these inspections and sarrplirq events:
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* Drpty Dnms or Cbntainers Found- Crush and prq:erly rH~ of enpties:
perform soil saITi'ling in vicinity of drums or containers; ~11en:S an::!
perform follOoHIp actions consistent with other portims of this Ja)
base::! a"I sanpl ing results.
* Drums or O::ntainers Found with Cbntents- Excavate and prc.p!rly d;~
of drums ard,Ior containers; perfonn soil sanplixq in vicinity of dNms
or containers; I'&..>..alilend and perform follow-up actic:ns ocnsistent with
Sectien IX of this R:>D based en sazrpling results.
x. ~ u::il:M'!INM'ICNS
Based 00 the informatioo available at this time, U.S. EPA and I:mH believe
this alternative satisfies statutory requirements to: protect human health
and the environment; attain MW'$, be cx::st-effective; and utilize permanent
solutions and alteITative treatment tec::hnologies or resc:uroe reo:::Nery
t.echnologies to the JMXiJTu!I extent practicable.
Protectiveness
""
'D1e selected l~ledy will be protective to both human health and the
environrrw:?nt by c:xITplete1y and "pennanently treatixq or .imrn:::bilizixq all
contaminated wastes. Excavation and oo-site .incineration of the semivolatile
and R:B areas will pennanently treat and e1:i1ninate CXI'1taminatien. Any .
possible RCRA characteristic waste that may remain in the form of incinerator
ash will be tested and rH~ of in an awroved larCfill. Grc:undwater
extraction, treatment and reinjection walld ~tain, treat and e1:i1ninate the
offsite migration of grourdwater c::orrt:.am.i.ntioo. '!be d;~ of friable and
dar.aged Asbestos Cbntainin; Material (ACH) \lr'hid1 is located ootside ~ site
. b..1ild..irgs walld e1 iminate direct contact and inhalatioo risks to human
health. '!be installation of an additic.nal monitorixq well system will
detenU.ne the effectiveness of the l~ledy. An associated contirgency plan
WOl1.d be develcp:d to provide further rem:dia1 actien in the event that the
extraction wells are not effective in cont.ainiIq the contaminated
grourdwater .
Attai11ment of 1\q)1icable or Relevant and Aw~riate ~ire:ments
'Ihe ~ ~ and Reauthorizatien Act (SARA) requires that
remedial actions meet legally awlicable or relevant and awrc:priate
requirements of other environmental laws. '1hese laws may .incltx5e: the Toxic
SUbstaN::es O:mtrol Act, the Safe Drink:ing Water Act, the Clean Air Act, the
Clean Water Act, the ResQ.1roe ~tion and Ps:::t:Nery Act (~), and any
state law whid1 has stricter requirements than the correspardirg federal
law.
* RCR\ SUbtitle C Incinerator
'n;e State of Irrliana has jurisdiction for ~ SUbtitle C, hazardaJs waste
incinerator cperatien laws. 'Ihese stardards are for owners and operators of
HazardaJs waste Treatment, Storage and Di.spc\';al Facilities and Specifically
awlies to owners and operators of hazardoos waste incinerators. 'Ihe
requlatia"l seeks to minimize toxic incinerator emissions an:) ensure prq::er
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clisposal of incinerator ash. '!he inc.rnerator would have to meet the t.estin;
ard performance stardards in 40 CFR 264.341, 264.351, 264.343, 264.342,
7611.70 ard special State of Irdiana requirements, .in::l\.dirg a test b.Jm am
extensive stack sanplirg.
. Groundwater O:'.rItirgency Plan Action Levels
Acticrl levels for the Groundwater o:>ntin;ency Plan shall be adopted frail the
MaximJm O:>ntaminant Levels (M:ls) and Max:imJm Ca1taminant Level Goals
(M:LGs) established umer the Safe Drinkirg Water Act, and the awropriate
State of Irdiana Water Q.Jality Starrlards. Gro.Jrr:!water CXI1tin;ency plans will
be tri~ if CX¥1OeJ1tratioos of OO11taminants in the ~ter ~
act.ioo levels at the points of cx:mplianoe.
* Soil Excavation Cleanup Levels
D.1e to the situation that, with the exception of PCBs, there are J'X)
praTUlgat.ed soil cleanup starrlards, soil excavation cleanup levels have been
deteImined by 'rOC criteria at the Fisher-calo site. Soil excavaticrl will be
cantirge11t on acqu.irirq maxiJrum PCB levels of 10 RE, maximJm bis (2-
ethylhexyl) x:i1thalate concentrations of 5.4 RE, ard maximJm isq:norc:ne
carcentrations of 18 1=Pb.
* Asbestos Cleanup Stardards
Asbestos rem:rval is governed by the National Emissioo Sta.rrlards for
HazardCJ.1S Air Pollutants, 40 C.F.R. Part 61, ~ M. All asbestos
~llation, rerroval and d.i.spos;U shall be in accordance with NES&\P
reqciIements .
O:>st Effect! veness
'!he selected le.uOOy is oost effective in that it ad:h'esses the principle
threats usirq treatment to the maxi.tmJro e.xtent practicable at a cost that is
prqx>rtionate to the protection provided. '!he cost is rcughly 1 to 2 times
the cost of alternatives whid1 provide the same degree of protecti"Y'l but do
not utilize treatJtent and penranent solutions to the saIre degree to reduce .
toxicity, lId:>ility, and volume. '!he cost is 3 to 6 tilres less than that of
alternatives whid1 provide the saIre degree of protection, but deal with a
JIUd1 greater anamt of contaminated soil in order to reduce the time required
for groond water extraction, ard, thereby, are not cost effective.
Utilization of Perrrane.nt Solutions ard Alternative Treatment Technologies to
the Y.a.xim.tm Extent Practicable
'Ihe selected le.uOOy utilizes penranent solutions and alternative treatment
technologies to the JraXim.Jrn e.xtent practicable. '!he l~edy wccld penranently
rem:rve anj treat contamination fran gro.JTrlwater and soils, precisely those
areas W'here JMXim.Jm human exposure would ocx::ur. '!he gro.JTrlwater p..mp and
treabent system wculd e1i1ninate contamination fran the urrlerlyirq aquifer,
and the site incinerator wculd eliminate contamination fran the soils.
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Pref~ for Trea1:Jnent as a Pri.nc:iple Element
~ selected l-=e..lj satisfies the statutory pref~ for remedies that
E!1plC1j treatment that achieves substantial risk reductioo t.hrc:u:Jh CC'r'Jtainment
and elimination of grourdwater contamination, and eliminatiCl'1 of soil
CCI1tam.inatiCl'1.
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A'D'Dendix A
FISHDK:7t.ID
~,~
~~
I. ~~IVrnESS ~ ~
In aooordanoe with CERCIA Section 117, Ii p.1blic cxmnent period was held fran
April 13 to June 13, 1990, to allO\rl int.e.rested parties to c::ament CI'1 the UnitEd
States Environmental Protection k3eI'CJ'S (U.S. EPA's) Feasibility Study (FS)
and Pl'i-<6ed Plan for a final l.cllledy at the Fi..sher
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2
ocmnents which are available at the p.lblic informatia1 repositories.
A. ~ OF CI:Mmm:; F1O{ 'IHE I.CX7U. CIJM.1Nl'IY
1. O:mnerrt:s were received aJ::o.rt: receipt of the Feasibility St;ujy at the LaPorte
a:..mty Health Department. It was believed that the Study was not available
when the p.lblic ootice said it was.
u.s. EPA Response: '%he Feasibility StOOy am Pl~~~ Plan were sent to the
two information repositories (the IaPorte cnmty Health Department and the
I.aPort.e Public Librcuy) by u.s. Mail-Next tay Service a1 April 12, 1990.
Receipt by the librcuy was confirmed by px:ne a1 April 13. A px:ne call to the
U. S. EPA O:rmuni ty Relations Q:)ordinator by a staff JDeII'i::)er at the Laporte
Co.lnty Health DeparbTent irdicated it had not CUTived there, but a follCM-Up
call by the same staff member confirmed that it had CUTi ved.
2,. O:mrents were received irdicating the p.lblic meetin;J is me of the few
d1ances the p.lblic has to CCITVTIe1'1t on the Feasibility Study and Pl, p.."'6ed Plan
and that the p.lblic c::c:mnent period was not of sufficient lerqth.
u.s. EPA Response: P.Jblic notice p.Jblished April 11, 1990 anrx::..moed the
o::.mrent period was to run thrcJ.Jgh May 14, 1990. 'the p.lblic was told it cn.Ud
make cx.tnme11ts by mailin;J them to the CaTm..1nity Relations Q:)ordinator at u.s.
EPA am that cxmoerrt:.s wcWd be received at t.he p.lblic meetin;J April 26, 1990.
SUbsequently a request was received ask.i.rg that the p.lblic cxmnent period be
extended. '!hat extension was granted and it was ~ by PJblic notice a1
May 11, 1990 that the ccmnent pericxi had been exte.rded to June 13, 1990.
Also, U.S. EPA personnel have been available to the p.1blic t.hrcJ.Jghout the
investigation and st;ujy process via phone, mail or at p.lblic meet.irgs.
3. In a series of questions, clarification was requested aJ::o.rt: the Technical
Assistance Grant (TAG) process. U.s. EPA in:iicated the ~ cxW.d be made
available to hire contractors to "do sane stuiies or review the studies that
are beirq done."
u.s. EPA Response: T1\Gs are available to citizens' 9l"O'JtS Who are int.eresta1
in hiring a consultant to help interpret informatia1 regard.irq site
investigation and clean-up. '!hey are available at any time during the
irrvestigation,lclean-up process. '!hey are not made available to do new or
iroeperrlent studies.
4. O:mnents rega.rdj.Ig incineration
8. O:mnent:. One cx:mnenter expressed concern that the incinerator be Dmitored
to assure that the PCBs and other toxic materials are rem::wed to a level of
99.9999\ as projected and that teJrperatures in ~ of 1600 degl::!i
fahrenheit my be req.Ured to achieve this level.
U.S. EPA Response: As part of the requirements of the Reso.lroes O:nservation
ard Ps:xNery Act (RCRA) ard the Toxic SUbstances Ca1t.rol Act (TSCA), arrj .
incinerator used at the site Jl'USt be ITOni tored to achieve 99.9999 % Destruction
Renoval Efficiency (I:m:) for PC:Bs and 99.99\ r:m: for other catp::Uds. These
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regulations ~ly to anj shall be met at the Fisher-Calo site. TeJTperatures ir1
excess of 1600.F are not always necessary to achieve the above-stated tm's.
'Ihe type of incinerator used for the cost estimates in the FS ~rt., the
cirallating bed o:rrbJstor, can acnieve the required I:m:s at ~ratures near
or less than 1600. F. Achieving the tm's is a f'urctioo of te.nperature,
residerce time, am feed rate,llnixirq, so the tarperature can vazy if the other
paraxret.ers are changed.
b. Ccmnent: Two c:xmrent.ers expressed co~ a1:o.Jt the incinerator beirq
installed and rema.inirg on-site after project ocnpletioo or reoeivirg waste
other than those fran the Fisher-Calo site.
u.s. £FA Response: As part. of the selected lewedy, a m:::bile incineratioo unit
\oo'OJld be installed on-si te to 2nlY incinerate cx:rrt:.a:rninated soils fran the
Fisher-Calo site, J
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4
e. O:mnent: One o::::tr8TeJ'\ter expres.saj oonoem CNer the lack of a requirement of
a ~ pennit for an on-site incinerator.
u.s. EPA Respor\ge: Even thoogh a RCRA pennit is rot required for CDC.A
acticns cc:n::!uct.ed eJ'1tirely on-site, such as the incinerator to be used at the
Fi.sher-OUo site, the incinerator would still be required to meet the
perfo~ starrlards, such as ~, am the qeratia\al starrlards, sucn as
t..enperature and autanatic waste feed cutoff, required urrler ~ and 'ISCA.
0:ITt>1i.arre with these starrlards will ensure Plq)er qeratioo of the
incinerator .
f. ~: One cxmneJ'1ter expres.saj SlJt:POrt for incineratioo as the Plq)er
method to remediate conta:minated soils at the site and stated that all soils
that cx:W.d cause groundwater conta:mination should be excavated.
U.S. EPA Resp::\nse: u.s. EPA awreciates the suwort of the sel~ l~Y.
'!he selected lell.edy will, in fact, involve the excavatioo of all PCB and
semivolatile contaminated soils that cx:W.d cause qro.ud water oontaminatiooi
hc1.o.'ever, VOC~ntaminated soils will be remediated by soil fl ush.in:3 an::l,Ior
other treatJnent, such as soil vapor extraction if praven effective at the site.
It is not appropriate to incinerate the VOC oontaminated soil at this site,
qiven the law soil cleanup levels necessary to prevent further qro.ud water
conta:mination.
q. O:mnent: One c::crrmenter expressed concerns about the quality and acan-acy
of the testin; of waste ash durin; a con~ b.1rn qeratioo of an
i!".:::inerator.
u.s. EPA Response: 'Ihe incinerator to be Employed at the Fi.sher-OUo site is
rot required to be a continuo.JS b.1m operatiooi it is required to meet the
pravisians of RCRA and '!SeA. If an incinerator such as that used for cost
estimates in the FS Report (circulatin; bed o:::rnb.1stor) is erployed, ash wcu1d be
rardcmly sanpled fran the hopper used to collect the ash. A circulatirg bed
o:::rnb.1stor is not "continua.1S" in the true sense of the word. Waste is I'll ~
into the «:Ulp:;6ition chamber, not fad on a comIe'jOr belt.
h. ~..Jlt: One cx:rrmenter expressed ~ a.bcut the release and sub;equent
environmental acn.mulation of dioxins and furans, especially 2,3,7,8 'IaD.
u.s. EPA Response: Dioxin precursors, those ~ sud\ as polychlorinated
bi~ls (PCBs), wch might o:rnbine to form dioxins, were fo.ni at low
CCJI"Celltrations at the site am at isolated locaticrs. '!he estimated volume of
PCB-<:antainirg soil to be incrnerated is 1500 robic yards, ..tUch is ooly M of
the estimated quantity of soil to be incinerated. In ad::litioo, the incinerator
will be required to meet mEs of 99.9999' for PCBs wch assures virtual .
cx:rrplete ccrn1:ustion, and therefore, very minimal fonratioo of dioxins and
furans. stu:lies have shC1w'I"I that chlorine is preferentially o:nvert.ed to
hyt:ir'cqen chloride (HCl) gas durin; the incineratioo prooess. Dnissicns of HCl
will be m:»U tored to ensure EPA emission starrlards (urrler RCR\) are beirq met.
All of these factors cnnbined make the possibility of dioxin fornation durin;
incineration very low.
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5. O:mrerrt regarclin; past experience with U.S. EPA at the F~o site.
O:mrent: One cxmnenter stated that he had a gocd workirg relaticnsh.ip with
U.S. EPA durin; previous imrEdiate l"E!ITCMU acticns an::l has respect far U.S. EPA
U.S. EPA Respcnse: U.S. EPA ~reciates this statement, thanks the cx:mnenter
for his ir;:ut, an::l ~ to oontinue with a qood ~ relaticnship
thrc::u:;hcut the ~iJIIl actiCl1 for the site.
6. O:mnent:s regarclin; otber poteJ'1ti.al remedies for the site.
A. O:mrent: One o::mnenter stated they felt that cnemical
fixatiay'stabil izatiCl1 am solidificatiaystabilizatia'1 would be partia.tlarly
effective at the F~o site.
U.S. EPA Respa~: U.S. EPA has det.er'mined that cnemical
fixatiay'stabilizatia'1 am solidificatiory'stabilization are not the most
~ropriate remedies at the site for a number of reasms includi.ng the fact
that those technologies wculd not pe.nranently treat the soil, a1ly cx:ntain it.
'!he selected 1 eJ{edj wwld pe.rrranently treat the ensi te soil, arC is prefeITed
to c:nemical fixatiCl1 am solidificatiOl1/stabilizatia'1.
B. O:mrerrt: 'I\o.1o oc:mnenters stated that biological degradatia'1 (biological
remediation) wculd be an effective t.reahnent at the Fisher-Calo site.
.-
U.S. EPA Respa~: U.S. EPA agrees that biological ~i~tia'1 is a t.ec:hrw:>lcgy
that may have potential awlication at the Fisher-Calo site. We do not feel,
though, that biore.mediatioo can be used as the sole l&ueJy at the F~o
site because it has a r-an;e of effectiveness dependin;J a'1 site specific
cxrditioos, and is not as proven as the treabnents listed in the selected
leu.ady, am::.rq other reasons. 'therefore, bioremediatiCl1 was not incl\.ded in the
selected l~Y.
C. O:mnent: One ccrmenter stated that soil vapor extraction would be an
effective treatJrent at the Fisher~lo site because the vast majority of the
o::ntaminants in the soil are of a volatile nature.
U.S. EPA Respcnse: U.S. EPA agrees that soil vapor extractiCl1 can be an
effective and proven treahnent with volatile oontaminants in soils, but not
effective with PC:Bs, J'XIn-'Yolatile am semi -.,olatile c:art:aminants. However ,
resed CI1 the cx:mnents received, U.S. EPA has allowed for the use of soil vapor
extractia'1 in the R::)D, if proven effective, for areas cx::nt.aini.rg a'\ly volatile
organic cantami.natia'1.
7. Came.nts regardirg aspects of the prefen-ed alternative other than
incineratiCl1.
A. O:mrent: 'I\o.1o CCl!lDeJ"lters stated that it wculd be mre desirable to reinject
the treated ~ter rather than d.isd1arge it to Travis Ditd1.
U.S. EPA Respcnse: Based CI1 p..1blic cc:rment, the selected l~t:sly will reinject
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6
treated groon::t..Iater back i11to the urderlying affected aquifer rather than
d.ischarqe it to Travis Ditc:h.
B. O:mnent: One cxmnent.er stat.Ed that the site shcW.d be cxmpletely ~
to limit vehia1lar traffic.
U.S. EPA ~esp(nse: Based 00 pmlic cx:rment, the Fisher-OUo site will be
~ with a perimeter fence.
C. Ccmrent: One o:mnenter stat.Ed that the asbestos plan shoold be %"Ao"'~"""ged
to in:::1ude all b.lild.irg sid.irg and roofing bein:J I'eIC'V~, and the site shcW.d
be exmpletely cleaned of all crumbling and c:liscarded asbestos material.
U.S. EPA Respcnse: U.S. EPA feels that asbestos stabilizatioo in the site
tuildings is preferred to I'e!l!CVal and disp:::sal, as I'eSICIIal creates an in::rea.sej
exposure risk to site workers and the pmlic.
8. 'I\oIo ccmnenters stat.Ed that they wanted the site cx:I'Itarninatioo to be
cleaned up as quickly as possible.
U.S. EPA Respcnse: U.S. EPA also desires that the site cleanup proceed
quickly. '!hat is \Why we are utilizing both rerroval and reJnedi.al actioos at the
site. U.S. EPA has already initiat.Ed a I'e!l!CVal actioo to deal with a:rrj risks
posing an inmediate threat to the pmlic. '!be selected le:uedy will deal with
the lcng-teJ:m risks at the Fisher-OUo site.
9. One cx:mnenter stated that local officials shcW.d have acx:ess to the
Fisher-OUo site for Wependent DOni torm;.
U.S. EPA Respa1se: U. S. EPA enc:na-ages a:rrj ad::titimal assistance that state
and local officials wish to provide. We welcx:me state and local officials 1Mho
have independent acx:ess agL~.lIents as lon:J as the :in:lividuals have CXIIpleted
the required safety trainirq for hazardCJ..1S waste site acx:ess.
10. O:mnent regardirg an area in Porter cnmty, Irdiana where debris is
located.
O::mtent: One resident of Michigan City, Irdiana Stat.Ed that there is a very
large debris dI..mp in a residential neighborhood in Porter co.mty, Irdi.ana wd'l
is lowerm; prcperty values and possibly creatin:J an unsafe envircrment. '!he
cx:mnente.r i.rxpire;:! as to where help co.lld be found.
U.S. EPA Respcnse: As this is rot an issue wd1 U.S. EPA has authority to
deal with W'der the SUperfurrl program, the cx::mnent letter is beirg forwarded to
the local health department.
B. Slmmary of Caments fran Potentially Responsible Parties (FRPs).
1. O::Iment: One PRP suhnitted a report regardirg an alternate soils cleanup
met.hcd (as ~ to iracineration) and made the ccmrents that incineratioo is
far too costly and that a JOCdification of Alternative 3 be ad~ for this
site wd1 wcW.d errplay this alternate soils cleanup method, namely (1) limited
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. -..- ----. .-- n --- -.-...
7
excavation aro off-site incineration of PC:B ccntaminated soil, (2) cn-site soil
vapor extraction, (3) in-situ biodegradation, and (4) in-situ fi>catiCl'1.
U.S. EPA Respc8LSe: U.S. EPA reviewed the report su1:nitted with the cament,
Wrld'l provides ~rtirq c:JoaJmentation for the alternate soils cleanup method,
and thanks the cxmnenter for provic:l.in; this ~~r'JtatiCl'1.
U.S. EPA agrees that incineration is a more ocstly cptiCl'1 than the JrOdification
of Alternate 3 presented by the cx:mre.nter; however, cost is cnly cne of nine
criteria used to evaluate remedies for a site. U. S. EPA agrees with the
ocmnenter to the extent that, qiven the required soil clearnJp levels for VOCs,
technoloqies other than incineration may be more awropriate for VOCs at this
site. A treatment such as soil vapor ext.ractiCl'1 if proven effective, or soil
flush.irq can be awlied for VOCs in soils at the site, and the roD has been
written to reflect this. U.S. EPA also agrees that incineratiCl'1 is the
awropriate trea~t t.edn:>loqy for PCB-contaminated soil. U.S. EPA does not
agree that an off-site incinerator is required for the PCB-contaminated soils
or that in-situ biodegradation is awropriate for soils oontaminated with
semi""'YOlatile ~.- Please refer to the respcuse to cament 4.c. above
. for a description of haw alternative 4, as amerded by the c:harqes made in
respa~ to p.Jblic cxmnents, meets the nine evaluatiCl'1 criteria. Basically,
in=ineration is likely to be nore costly than in-si tu bicx3egradatia'1: hooIever,
higher cost is justified by the fact that any incinerator used will be
required to meet a 99.99' mE: for semi volatiles am that incineratiCl'1 is a
proven, effective methOO to penranently destroy semivolatiles. Per1r'anero:! of
remedies is a preference stressed in both SARA an:1 the new National 0::1ntirqe.n:::y
Plan (NCP), aro incineration, if properly iJli)lemented, will adrleve permanent
destruction of nearly all of the semi volatiles in soils requirirq cleanup. In-
situ bicx3egradatioo is an unproven innovative ted1nology for treatJDent of sol..ls
oontaminated with the semivolatile ~ fcurd in higher oarcentrations at
the Fisher-<2lo site. '!here is uncertainty as to the effectiveness of in-situ
biodegradation in treatirq these semi-volatiles. It has not been detoonstrated
that the cleanup levels required in the ROD can be achieved by this technology.
It is for these reasons that in-situ bicrlegradatiCl'1 was screened o.Jt in the
Feasibility Study an:1 not l~lUlenjed in the Prq:>osed Plan. 'Ihe cx:mnenter is
referred to the. Feasibility Study for an iIHSepth rlioc:nlc;..c;ion of the relative
merits of incineration an:1 disadvantages of in-situ biodegradation an:1 other
related technologies.
In sum'!'alY, U.s. EPA agrees with the cx:mnenter that 1) incineratia'1 is
awrq:>riate for ~ntaminated soil and 2) soil vapor extraction or similar
technology may be awrq:>riate for VOC-oontaminated soils that remain after PC:B
an:1 semivolatile-riate for remediatin;J
semivolatile-oontaminated soils because it is inncwative, urproven technology
for use on the semivolatiles fo.JTd at the site, and the clearJ.JP levels an:) the
remedial action goals in the RJD may not be achieved by this technology.
In::ine.ration, on the other harrl, is a proven technology Wrld'l will result in
permanent destruction of the b.1lk of the semivolatil~ contained in these
soils, which is consistent with the prefel"'eOC'eS stated in SARA and the NC:P.
u.s. EPA is confident that use of incineration to treat semlvolatile-
contaminated soils will adlieve the soil cleanup levels arrl the I'eltOOial action
-------
-.- _.-.
. . - .. - - . --~
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8
goals stated :in the RJD. Given these facts, the additicral cxst of
incineration is clearly justified.
2. cne cx:mrent.er sul:mU. tt.ed carurents on behalf of the f'ishe.r-calo FRP Stearin;
O::rrmi ttee. '!he cxmrents were su1::mi tt.ed :in report fom with an exeoJti ve
SUImaIy at the begiMinq of the report. '!he follcwirg cx:mnents were Dade in
the executive suntnary (cx:pied verbatim). EPA's respcuse foll~ ead1 ~.
a. O::mne.nt: '!he FS is based on an inadequate RI. '%he areas of soil am
~ water contamination have not been delineated. 'Iherefore, there is net
sufficient information :in the RI to SlJRX'rt a Feasibility St1x!y with a xcsticnal
and defensible evaluation of re:media1 alterative am costs.
-
-
u.s. EPA Respc:n5e: u.s. EPA disagrees with these state!nents. As with any RI,
there are data gaps; however, the RI data, alcrg with data gatbered before am
after the RI and durin;' renova.1 activities at the '.I\Io-Line ~d pl"Cp!rty,
sufficiently delineate the areas of contamination and provide sufficient
information for the selection of a l:~lIedy for the f'isher-<:a1o site. O:st
estimates provided :in any FS Report contain a ~5=1.1re of \mOert.aint:y; detailed
o:st estimates are required :in the subsequent Renedial Design~. '%he cxst
estimates provided in the FS Report, as amen:3ed by PJblic cx::.mte1ts, are
sufficient for ~ the remedial alternatives and selectinq the
8l=Prcpriate lelledy for the site.
b. O:mnent: '!he FS used conservative and aIbitrazy exposure assessments to
deve1q:> remedial qoals. In addition, the remediation qoa.ls used in the FS are
in::x:nsistent with the Risk Assessment.
u.s. EPA~: U. 3. EPA disagrees- with these state!nents. RernMial goals
for the f'isher-<=alo site were .deve1c:ped consistent with U.S. EPA guidance am
8l=Proacnes used for otber SUperf\.n'rl sites, and remediatim 90iUs stated .in the
FS are consistent with the Risk Assessment, namely, CJl"O.D'rlwater is the main
pathway of concern, soil or sedilrent contamination presents a potential direct
cxmact risk in several isolated areas, soil oontamination represents a soorce
of oontinuin; qro.md water contamination, and asbestos on and aroond exi.stin;
strocb.1res presents a potential risk via inhalatiCl1.
c. Ccmnent: '!he JrC1St effective re:media1 ted1nology (soil vapor extractiCX'1) .
was eliminated for insufficient reasons. Soil vapor extraction is well suited
to ren:ave the predaninant site contaminants, volatile organic cx::tIp:J..D"X (VOCs).
u.s. EPA Response: Soil vapor extractian (SVE) is not the JrC1St effective
1"E!TW'rli ;111 ted1nology. In fact, SVE was el iminated fran the final list of
alternatives because it is DQt effective in treatin;' sanivolatiles and PCBs.
However, u.s. EPA agrees that SVE may be effective in removin;J VOCs fran the
soils, and the R::>D has been written to allow for the use of SVE, if proven
effective, for VOCs at this site.
d. O::mnent: '!he conceptual design for qro.md water remedial ted1noloqies is
misoonfiqured. In JrOSt of the alternatives, activated carlxr1 was placed ahead
of air striwin;, which is contrary to oonral practice.
-------
. .
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9
U.S. EPA Respcnse: U.S. EPA agrees with the carmerrter. '!he FS language was
mrbiquo..1S, an:! it was never U.S. EPA's intent to use activated c::artxI1 ahead of
air strippirq. '!he RX> has been written to reflect the correct sequence of
treatJnent, as stated by the a:mne.nter.
e. 0::It1rent: 'J1)ere is no reliable basis for the estimates of soil volumes to
be remediated. In the FS, more than one-half of the sb.dy areas were
characterized based upc:I'1 a sirqle soil &a1!ple locatia1, ocrrt:ra%y to accepted
practice. Act:ual soil volumes requirirq rernediatia1 oo.lJ.d be an order of
magnitude larger or snaller than those assuned in the FS. '!he technology
selectioo an:! cx:st analysis based on the estimated soil volumes are suspect.
U.S. EPA Respollse: U.S. EPA disagrees with this ~.TJt. It is tlu! that, due
to the size an:! CXlIplexity of this site, it is more diffi01lt to aOOlI'ately
estwte the soil volumes requirin; treabnent than it WCA1ld be for SCIIe other
sites: ~er, U.S. EPA has determined that cost estwtes pI'O'Vided in the FS,
as a.zrerrled by p.1blic ccmnents, are sufficient to allow cx:mparisa1 of .
alternatives arrl the selection of the awrq>riate L...wedy for the site.
f. Camrwant: 'Ibe FS reu..aIWlends Alternative 4. A major cost ~~aent of this
alternative is .in:ineration of soil. Incineratia1 was selected because of its
ability to remediate base-neutral organics arrl FCBs, as well as volatile
organics. fio,.1eVer, volatile organics (the major CXJntaminant of cx:n:::1eI'n at the
site) can be more effectively addressed by soil vapor extractioo. '!he
evaluation of feasibility, iIrpleme.ntability, arrl cost of this alte.mati\'e is
seriously flawed.
U.S. EPA Response: See Response to cx:mnent B.2.c. above.
9. O:mnent: Several significant inconsi.stencies arrl errors in the cost
analysis for Alternative 4 were corrected an:! usirg the ~rted soil
volumes as.surnerl in the FS, the costs were rea:rtp.Ited to be abo..tt $55 milliCl1
rather than EPA' s estiJnate of $27 million.
. .
U.S. EPA Response: U.S. EPA appreciates the cost analysis pI'O'Vided in this
report. In response to this convnent, U.S. EPA has ame.rded its cost estimate
for Alternative 4 fran $27 million to $37 millioo. However, the selected
h~ledy irw::l\.XSes eleme.nts not included in Alternative 4 arrl has irw::lOOec1
different treabnent for VOCs in soils arrl reinject.ia1 of treated g:rcun:twater.
'Ibe cost estimate for the actual selected leiredy is $31,685,000.
h. O:mnent: Available data suggest the apprq>riate oarbi1\atiat of
t:.er::hoolc:gies to rerrediate the site is soil vapor extractiCl1 in CXI1junctiat with
g:rcun:twater collection arrl treatment. :r.n-situ stabilizatioo is awrq>riate to
remediate limited areas of semi-volatile arrl metals~ted soil. Limited
areas of FC&-riate oarbinatiat of technologies
is abcut $19.3 mill iat. '!his canbination of technologies WOlld achieve the
rem:diatioo objectives.
U.s. EPA Resp:Inse: Witl1 respect to soil vapor extractiat, refer to the
resp:nse to ccmnent B.1. above. In-situ stablizatia1 was screened o..rt of the
-------
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final list of alternatives because, for the cxn:titicns of this site, it does
not represent pennanent treatJnent of semivolatile or PC:Ekx:ntaminated soil,
whereas incineration does. A more CClTplete explanatia'l of the sc:reeni.nq of in-
situ stabilization is incl\x3ed in the FS ~rt. It is not clear ~t is meant
by "~ted soil cculd be excavated". If this means "excavated an::l
incinented", V.S. EPA would agree. V.S. EPA believes that incineratia'l of PCB
an::l semivolatile-o::ntaminated soil is awrcpriate at this site, even thcu;h it
is saIew'hat more (X)St,ly. F\1rther ni!C::("l'c;.siCl'1 is inchxSeQ in the respa.se to
~ B.l. above.
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TABLE "2-
COST SUMMARY OF ALTERNATIVES
IN PRESENT WORTH DOLLARS
Capital Annual Total Present
ALTERNATIVES Cost O&M Cost Worth
ALTERNATIVE': No Action $0 $0 50
.
A1.. TERNAl1VE 2: Source Containment, Groundwater $6,449,000 $7,057,000 $13,506,000
Collection .and Discharge to Tra'lls Ditch
AL TERNA TlVE 3: In-situ Stabilization, Groundwater $6,553,000 $10,013,000 $16,566,000
Collection, Treatment, Reinjection and Bioremediation
AL TERN A TlVE ..: Limited Excavation, Incineration, Groundwater $~1~,000 sq,31',OOO $3\ ,'!S,OOO
Collection, Treatment and Discharge to Travis Ditch
ALTERNATIVE 5: Limited excavation, Onslle Landfill, $28,611,000 51.158,000 529,769,000
Groundwater Collection, Treatment and Discharge to Travis
Ditch
ALTERNATIVE S: Extensive Excavation, Soli Washing, $73,624,000 $26,250,000 $99,874,000
Groundwater Collection, Treatment and Discharge to Travis
Ditch
ALTERNATIVE 7: Extensive Excavation, Incineration, $137,449,000 $8,434,000 $145,883,000
Groundwater Collection, Treatment and Discharge 10 Tra'lls
Ditch
ALTERNATIVE S: Extensive Excavation, Orrsite Landfill, $149,095,000 $344,000 $149,439,000
Groundwater Collection, Treatment and Discharge to Travis
Ditch
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TABLE 1
REMEDIAL ACTION ALTERNATIVES
;
"
, 2 3 4 ,5 I 8 7 8
GENERAL RESPONSE ACTION No Action SOUfce In-Snu limited limited elltenslwe EwteR!lIwe Ewtenslwe
Conlalnmenl Slabmnilon &clVailon eXCIVIlIon excavallon exclVallon &cavallon
OW CoIIecllon OW CoIIecIIon Inclnefatlon OrIslt.landlll SolI Wish. land.. Inclnerltlon or"It.landllll
Discharge Trlliment GW CoIIecllon GW CoIIecllon GW CoIl8c1lon OW Collecllon OW CoPecl1on
Medium Technology Are8 0' . Relnfecllon Trealment Trellmen! Trealment Trllimelll Treal_nt
Type Volume (') 81oremedlallon Discharge DIscharge Dlschlrge Dlschlrge Discharge
SolI Capplno AI Ar.., 8
All Areas 8 e e
Excavltlon -Groundwaler
Source Areas . .
& PC8 Areas
tn-situ Groundwaler
Flxlilonl Source Areas .
$labml8llon & PCB Areas
$011 Washing An Area, 8
_w."" NIv- &
OrIslte RCRA AIIArns "'oHu". .
landllll . . 1Iaft-Ot8....
_.
Ollshe RenA All Areas .
landlnl
An Areas 8 8
Inclnarallon
Groundwaler Monllollng 8 ' 8 8 . . 8
Inslall N- Waler 8 ' 8 8 8 8 8
SUflPIy wen
Pump & Discharge 8
Pump II T'eal
R8InJecllon .
BIot.medlallon
Pump & Treat . . . . .
Discharge
Assessment & limited
exlsllno Removal. Repa'r. O&M . . . 8
Siruclures (2)
(ASbesIOS) Assessment and . . .
Complele Re_1
Space leasing Soli Gas '8511no 8 8
. . . . .
& lOOP Prope,,18s Tesl Phs. Follow-up
NOTES:
(1) "All Areu" - 230.000 C.y.. "Oroundw.ter Source Areas & PCB Areu" - 30.500 c.y.
Refer 10 Secllon 2.3 for precise deflnltlons 01 each .re8.
(2) Assumes all existing tanks. drums and other containers at Ihe One-llna and
Two-line Properlles will be completely remedlated under seP? 'cltons.
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