Proposed
Emergency Episode Plan
for the
State of Alabama
November If ft
Prepared For
Environmental Protection Agency
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18425.008
PROPOSED EMERGENCY EPISODE PLAN
FOR THE
STATE OF ALABAMA
November 1971
Prepared For
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Programs
SYSTEMS GROUP
WASHINGTON OPERATIONS
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The work upon which this publication is based was performed by
Resources Research, Inc., a subsidiary of TRW Inc., pursuant to
Contact No. 68-02-0048 with the Office of Air Programs, tnvironmental
Protection Agency
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PREFACE
In developing the Proposed Permit System, Proposed Air Quality Surveillance
System, Proposed Emergency Episode Plan, and Proposed Control Strategy portions
of the Alabama Implementation Plan, TRW Systems Group has been guided by the
intent ~f the Federal Register, August 14,1971, as well as extensive direct
communication with Environmental Protection Agency and Alabama uivision of
Air Pollution Control personnel.
We are particularly indebted to Barry Gilbert and William ~urch of
the Region IV Office, EPA, and William Willis, John Daniel, and Cecil Cork
of the Alabama Uivision of Air Pollution Control for their overall guidance
on this project.
A large number of TRW people participated in this project; those with
the most direct involvement are listed below.
William Dickerson, Project Manager
John Braswell
Gennaro Cangiano
Fredric Hamburg
Robert Herrick (Herrick Associates)
Steven Plotkin
Michael Stern
Thomas Wright
i
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION. .
. . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . .
1-1
2.0 LEGAL AUTHORITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1 Assignment of Responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.2 Conveyance of Specific Powers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
I
3.0 EPISODE CRITERIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-1
3.1 Operating Mode Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.1.1 First Stage: Episode Watch. . . . . . . . .. 3-1
3.1.2 Second Stage: Alert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.1.3 Third Stage: Warning. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3.1.4 Fourth Stage: Emergency. . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3.2 Episode Stage Termination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3.3 Episode Status Declaration Authority. . . . . . . .. 3-5
3.4 Episode Situations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3.4.1 The Specific Pollutant Situation. . . . . . . . 3-6
3.4.2 The General Episode Situation. . . . . . . . . 3-7
3.4.3 The Local Situation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
3.4.4 The Regional Situation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3.5 Episode Potential Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
4.0 EMISSION REDUCTION PLAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.1 Episode Preparatory Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.2 Specific Episode Emission Reduction Plan. . . . . . . 4-3
4.2.1 Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), Alert Status 4-3
4.2.2 Total Suspended Particulates, Warning Status. . 4-8
4.2.3 Total Suspended Particulates, Emergency Status. 4-11
4.2.4 Sulfur Dioxide, Alert Status. . . . . . . . . . 4-15
4.2.5 Sulfur Dioxide, Warning Status. . . . . . . . . 4-19
4.2.6 Sulfur Dioxide, Emergency Status. . . . . . . . 4-21
4.2.7 Carbon Monoxide, Alert Status. . . . . . . . . 4-24
4.2.8 Carbon Monoxide, Warning Status. . . . . . . . 4-27
4.2.9 Carbon Monoxide, Emergency Status. . . . . . . 4-30
4.2.10 Nitrogen Dioxide, Alert Status. . . . . . . . . 4-32
4.2.11 Nitrogen Dioxide, Warning Status. . . . . . . . 4-34
4.2.12 Nitrogen Dioxide, Emergency Status. . . . . . . 4-38
ti
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Page
4.2.13 Photochemical Oxidants, Alert Status. . . . . . 4-42
4.2.14 Photochemical Oxidants, Warning Status. . . . . 4-45
4.2.15 Photochemical Oxidants, Emergency Status. . . . 4-49
4.3 General Episode Emission Reduction Plan. . . . . . . . 4-53
4.3.1 General Alert Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53
4.3.2 General Warning Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-59
4.3.3 General Emergency Status. . . . . . . . . . . . 4-63
5.0 EPISODE OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1 State Emergency Action Center (SEAC) .........
5.1 .1 Phys i ca 1 Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.2 Data Di sp 1 ays .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 . 1 . 3 Opera t i ng Mo des. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.4 SEAC Manning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Interstate Cooperation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-3
5-5
6.0 EPISODE -COMMUNICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.1 Communications Center. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.2 Interagency Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.3 Communication with Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
6.4 Communications with News Media. . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
6.5 Episode Termination Keport Procedure. . . . . . . . . 6-3
6.6 Communications Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
7.0 SURVEILLANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7.1 Air Quality Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7.2 Meteorological Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
7.3 Source Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7-6
7.4 Data Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
8.0 RULES
Rule 1.
Rule 2.
Rule 3.
Rule 4.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Air Pollution Emergency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Episode Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Special Episode Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Ht
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Rule 5.
Rule 6.
Rule 7.
Rule 8.
Rule 9.
Page
Emission Reduction Plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Emission Reduction Plans for Two Pollutants. . . 8-22
Emission Reduction Plans for General Episodes. . 8-22
Emission Reduction Plan for Local Episodes. . . . 8-27
Emission Reduction Plans for Other Sources. . . . 8-27
APPENDIX A - STATE OF ALABAMA AIR POLLUTION EPISODE CONTROL
COMMUNICATIONS MANUAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. A-l
1.0 EPISODE COMMUNICATIONS MANUAL. . . . . . . . . . . . A-l
1.1 Episode Logbook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-l
1.2 Declaration Sheets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-l
1.3 Communications Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
iv
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Emergency Episode Plan for the State of Alabama is developed in
accordance with Chapter IV, Title 42, Code of Federal Regulations, 9420.16
entitled, "Prevention of Air Pollution Emergency Episodes.1I An air
pollution episode idefined as an atmospheric condition in which
ambient concentrations of airborne contaminants tend toward levels that
imminently and sUDstantially endanger the health of persons who are exposed
to the air, or 1n which the state of the atmosphere, usually attended by
stagnant air masses and lignt winds, is conducive to the accumulation of
air contaminants and their potential increase in concentration.
The objective of this plan is to prevent the occurrence of adverse
pollutant levels and is designed"for the emergency control of the following
pollutants.
. Total suspended particulates (TSP)
. Oxides of sulfur, expressed in terms of sulfur dioxide (S02)
. Carbon monoxide (CO)
. Oxides of nitrogen expressed in terms of nitrogen dioxide (N02)
. Photochemical oxidants, ozone and others (Ox)
. Total hydrocarbons "including other organics such as aldehydes,
ketones, aromatics, aliphatics, etc. (HC).
The plan is viewed as a mechanism for reducing high pollution levels by
reducing source emissions in a well-structured manner. It is definitive
with regard to sources in existence at the date of promulgation.
Updating of the plan will be required periodically as significant changes
in source emissions or air quality are recorded.
The plan defines the measures to be taken by designated agencies and
officials of the State of Alabama and cooperating organizations for
protection of the health of persons during air pollution episodes.
Since episodes are problems that usually extend beyond political
jurisdictions, cooperation with the neighboring states of Mississippi,
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Georgia, Tennessee, and Florida will be mandatory. Accordingly, this
plan is formulated as a logical outgrowth of plans for the four intra-
state and three interstate Air Quality Control Regions developed under the
Air Quality Act of 1967. In the interests of continuity and effective
implementation, the plan incorporates general recommendations for inter-
state coordination, particularly with regard to episode criteria.
An Episode Communications Manual is included as Appendix A to this
plan. This manual defines the communications operation procedures to be
utilized during an air pollution episode.
1-2
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2.0 LEGAL AUTHORITY
The action provided for in the Emergency Episode Plan is authorized
by Act No. 769, 1971, Regular Session of the Alabama Legislature. This
legislation expresses the tlintentof the Alabama Legislature in preventing
or reducing the severity of air pollution disasters that affect the health
of people who are exposed to contaminated air." In general, the legislation
(a) states the intent of the Alabama Legislature to assign responsibilities
for episode avoldance, and (5) conveys specific powers to those so desig-
nated for carrying out their responsibilities in the most effective manner.
2.1 ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES
The following excerpts from the above legislation cite the assignment of
responsibilities.
. Identlfication of enforcement authori ty, the Di rector of the
D\vision of Air Pollution Control, Department of Public
Health, State of Alabama, as the responsible person for carrying
out emergency functlons. (Secti on 11, ibi d.)
. Delineation of the area of jurisdiction. (Section 11, ibid.)
. Basis upon which emergency actions will be initiated.
(Section 5(d), ibid.)
. Manner in which the specific orders are to be issued and the
time period of action. (Section 11, ibid.)
. Responsibility for development of an Emergency Control Action
Plan prescribing specific measures for the major sources of
emissions. (Section 5(d), ibid.)
. Responsibility for an evaluation of the preventive and abate-
ment actions taken during an episode. (Section 11, ibid.)
2.2 CONVEYANCE OF SPECIFIC POWERS
The following excerpts from the above legislation cite the conveyance
of specific powers.
. To control and prevent conditions which threaten or endanger
the public health or welfare before the occurrence of actual
. i nj u ry . ( S e c t ion 11, i bid. )
2-1
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. To enforce the law by appropriate administrative and judicial
proceedings, including injunctive relief. (Sections 6(b),
17(a) and (j), ibid.)
. To gain access to records relating to emissions of air con-
taminants. (Sections 5(f), 6(c), and 7, ibid.)
. To secure necessary technical information by contract or
otherwise. (Section 6(d), ibid.)
. To prepare comprehensive plans for the control of air pollution.
(Section 6(e), ibid.)
. -
. To collect and disseminate information concerning air pollution,
including air quality and emission data, conduct and results
of studi'es, on-s ite investigati ons, and research. (Secti ons
6(g) and (j) and 14, ibid.)
. To establish ambient air quality standards and emission standards
for all parts of the State of Alabama. (Sections 5(a) and (b)
and 10, ibid.)
. To exercise emergency authority to limit or eliminate emissions
with minimum delay. (Sections 5(d) and 11, ibid.)
. To impose penalties for failure to comply with regulations,
in particular, with legally authorized action under emergency
conditions. lSection l7(a), ibid.)
. To delegate performance of duties to a subordinate agency.
(Section 6(n}, ibid.)
. To take any action deemed necessar¥ to carry out statute and
regulations. (Section 6(b), ibid.)
. To advise, consult, cooperate, and enter into agreements with
the governments and agencies of adjacent states or any interstate
or regional agency representing any such state or political
subdivision (Section 6(k), ibid.)
2-2
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3.0 EPISODE CRITERIA
This section of the plan defines the criteria for establishing the
operating modes within the Division of Air Pollution Control during an
air pollution episode and distinguishes between the various types of
episode situations.
3.1
OPERATING MODE CRITERIA
A four-stage set of criteria is used to define degrees of severity
in episode conditions which set in motion pre-planned control processes
for the reduction of pollutants. The example Environmental Protection
Agency criteria published in the Federal ReQister, Vol. 36, No. 206,
October 23, 1971, page 20513, are adopted for the State of Alabama.
3.1. 1
First Stage:
Episode Watch
An Episode Watch is an internal operating mode within the Division
of Air Pollution Control in which surveillance is extended up to 24 hours
per day in anticipation of higher than'normal pollutant levels. Emission
curtailment is usually not required during this stage; however, notifica-
tion is given to news media and selected sources to facilitate advance
preparation and voluntary curtailment where advisable.
The declaration of an Episode Watch is initiated by one or more of
the following events:
. An Atmospheric Stagnation Advisory issued by the
National Weather Service, stating that atmospheric
conditions marked by a slow moving high pressure
system, light winds, and temperature inversions
are expected to affect the State of Alabama or a
portion thereof for the next 36 hours. In effect,
the advisory cautions of pollutant concentration
buildups if large amounts of emissions are present.
. A forecast by local meteorologists that stagnant
atmospheric conditions, as described above, could
result in high air pollutant levels in Alabama or
a Dortion thereof.
3-1
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.
Validation of abnormally high air pollution measure-
ments reports, for at least three consecutive hours,
at a given locality in Alabama; specifically, mea-
surements reaching or exceeding 50 percent of the
Alert level (3.1.2).
3.1.2 Second Stage:
Alert
The Alert level marks the threshold at which selective control action
is begun. An Alert status will be declared when anyone of the following
pollutant concentrations is measured at any station, and, due to adverse
meteorological conditions, can be expected to remain at these levels or
higher for the next twelve hours or more unless control measures are taken.
If persistence for the next twelve hours is not indicated, the Episode
Watch will be in effect. The following are Alert criteria 1:
Sulfur Dioxide~ Measured by continuous coulometric
analyzer, or equivalent.
3
24-hour average, 0.30 ppm (800 ~g/m )
or colorimetric
Particulates. Measured by sequential tape sampler, two-hour accu-
mulations (soiling index).
24-hour average, 3.0 COHs per 1000 linear feet
or measured by Hi Vol (high volume sampler), 24-hour accumulation:
24-hour averaqe. 375 ~g/m3
Sulfur Dioxide and Particulates Combined.
24-hour average concentrations.
sulfur dioxide, ppm, times particulates, COHs, equals 0.2
sulfur dioxide, ~g/m3, times particulates, ~g/m3, equals
65,000
Product of concurrent
Carbon Monoxide Measured by continuous non-dispersive infrared
analyzer, or equivalent.
8-hour average, 15 ppm (17mg/m3)
1 Conversion factors from ppm to ~g/m3 for each pollutant are taken from
tables in the Federal Register, of August 14,1971.
3 3
- 1.0 ppm = 2620 ~g/m N02 - 1.0 ppm'= 1880 ~g/m
- 1.0 ppm = 1160 mg/m3 Oxidants - 1.0 ppm = 2000 ~g/m3
3-2
S02
CO
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Nitrogen Dioxide. Measured by continuous analyzer,
24-hour average, 0.15 ppm (282 ~g/m3)
3
or 1-hour average, 0.6 ppm (1130 ~g/m )
or equivalent.
Photochemical Oxidants.
analyzer or equivalent.
Measured by continuous chemiluminescent
3
I-hour average, 0.1 ppm (200 ~g/m )
3.1.3 Third Stage:
Warning
The Warning level marks the threshold of a preliminary health hazard
which requires the curtailment of certain industrial activities in accor-
dance with a prearranged schedule. Continued deterioration of air quality
to the point where a warning level concentration is reported at one or more
monitoring sites will result in the declaration of a Warning status, based
on the official weather prediction that no significant improvement in air
quality is expected for the next twelve hours unless control measures are
taken. The following are Warning criteria:
Sulfur Dioxide. Measured by continuous coulometric or colorimetric
analyzer, or equivalent.
24-hour average, 0.6 ppm (1600 ~g/m3)
Particulates. Measured by sequential tape sampler, two-hour accu-
mulations lsoiling index).
24-hour average, 5.0 COHs per 1000 linear feet
or measured by Hi Vol, 24-hour accumulation:
24-hour averaqe, 625 ~Q/m3
Sulfur Dioxide and Particulates Combined.
24-hour average concentrations:
Product of concurrent
or
sulfur dioxide, ppm, times particulates, COHs, equals 0.8
sulfur dioxide, ~g/m3, times particulates, ~g/m3, equals
261,000
Carbon Monoxide. Measured by continuous non-dispersive infrared
analyzer, or equivalent.
3-3
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3
8-hour average, 30 ppm (34 mg/m )
Nitrogen Dioxide. Measured by continuous analyzer, or equivalent.
24-hour average, 0.30 ppm (565 ~g/m3)
l-hour average, 1.20 ppm (2260 ~g/m3)
Photochemical Oxidants. Measured by continuous
analyzer, or equivalent.
3
l~hour average, 0.40 ppm (800 ~g/m )
chemiluminescent
3.1.4 Fourth Stage:
Emergency
The Emergency level defines the high threshold of air pollution
which is of significant harm to the health of persons,therefore requiring
that the most stringent control actions be taken. If preventive mea-
sures fail to avert this condition, all activities that produce emissions
may be subject to major curtailment, in accordance with a prearranged
schedule. An Emergency status will be declared if any of the following
ambient pollutant concentrations are reached or exceeded, and if the of-
ficial weather prediction indicates that no significant improvement in
air quality is expected for the next twelve hours unless stringent control
measures are taken.
Sulfur Dioxide. Measured by continuous cou1ometric or colorimetric
analyzer, or equfViarent.
24-hour average, 0.8 ppm (2100 ~g/m3)
~. Measured by sequential tape sampler, two-hour
accumuTatlonsu\SOTling index).
24-hour average, 7.0 COHs per 1000 linear feet
or measured by Hi Vol, 24-hour accumulation:
24-hour averaQe. 875 uQ/m3
Sulfur Dioxide and Particulates Combined. Product of concurrent
24-hour average concentrations.
sulfur dioxide, ppm, times particulates, COHs, equals 1.2
or
sulfur dioxide, ~g/~, times particulates, equals 393,000
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Carbon Monoxide. Measured by continuous non-dispersive infrared
analyzer, or equivalent.
8-hour average, 40 ppm (46 mg/m3)
NitroQen Dioxide. Measured by continuous
3
24-hour average, 0.40 ppm (750 ~g/m )
3
1-hour average, 1.60 ppm (3000 ~g/m )
analyzer, or equivalent.
Photochemical Oxidants.
analyzer, or equivalent.
l~hour average, 0.60 ppm (1200 ~g/m3)
Measured by continuous chemiluminescent
3.2 EPISODE STAGE TERMINATION
When conditions for a declared episode status are no longer met,
termination of that particular status will be declared. Specifically:
a.
When ambient pollutant concentrations fall below the
critical levels for the stage, and a downward trend
of concentrations is established; and
When meteorological conditions that attended the high
concentrations are no longer called for in official
weather predictions.
A public declaration will take one of the following forms:
b.
.
Terminate "Emergency Status", resume "Warning Status"
or "Alert Status"; whichever is appropriate.
.
Terminate "Warning Status", resume "Alert Status" or
appropriate stage.
.
Terminate "Episode Status".
Upon termination of an "Episode Status", the Division of Air Pollu-
tion Control will remain on internal "Episode Watch" until a return to
normal operation is announced by the Division Director.
3.3 EPISODE STATUS DECLARATION AUTHORITY
Announcement of an internal Episode Watr.h, and public declarations
of Alert Status, Warning Status, Emergency Status and terminations thereof
shall be made by the Director, Division of Air Pollution Control.
3-5
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3.4 EPISODE SITUATIONS
Episode conditions may be caused by a specific pollutant or a com-
bination of pollutants and may affect a specific locality or a wide general
area. When an episode situation occurs, remedial measures are directed
primarily at the major point sources of the specific pollutant(s) for which
episode levels are observed or predicted. In order to minimize disruption
to the economic life of the community, as a whole, this episode plan defines
special episode criteria that enables control to be applied with a high de-
gree of selectivity. For example, if carbon monoxide concentrations are at
the warning level in a downtown area, but other pollutant concentrations are
well under their respective alert levels, it will only be necessary for emit-
ters of the carbon monoxide pollutants to curtail activity.2
The emission reduction measures have been designed to lower ambient
pollutant concentrations by deferring to extreme emergency situations any
actions that could result in irreparable damage to plant equipment and
facilities, or that might result in substantially higher rather than lower
emissions during shutdown operations. For example, complete shutdown of
a brick manufacturing plant, which requires from 12 to 24 hours, must be
accomplished with due care for the refractory lining of the kilns. However,
a significant percentage reduction of particulate emissions can be achieved
within the first three hours of an episode if a new batch is not begun.
Industries that require a long time for shutdown will be notified during
the Episode Watch period to enable them to prepare for possible curtail-
ment of operations.
3.4.1
The Specific Pollutant Situation
If concentrations measured for one or two pollutants reach or ex-
ceed the criteria levels defined in Sections 3.1.2, 3.1.3, and 3.1.4 but
concentrations of other pollutants remain substantially below 50 percent of
alert levels, and no improvement in weather conditions is expected, a
2 The Director, Division of Air Pollution Control, may elect the applica-
tion of a more stringent control to a given situation when deteriorating
meteorological conditions are forecast.
3-6
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specific alert, warning, or emergency status may be declared naming the
pollutant(s) that meet these respective criteria. If concentrations of two
such pollutants meet different criteria, the declared status for the episode
shall be the higher of the two. A declaration shall state that an Episode
Watch is being maintained on the remaining pollutants. For example, con-
sider the following one-hour concentration values: sulfur dioxide, 0.05
ppm; particulates, 0.5 COHs; nitrogen dioxide, 0.06 ppm; carbon monoxide,
42 ppm (Warning level, 40 ppm); photochemical oxidants, 0.12 ppm (Alert
level, 0.10 ppm). If meteorological conditions are met, a declaration will
be issued stating that a specific warning status exists for carbon monoxide
and oxidants, while an Episode Watch is in effect for sulfur dioxide, parti-
culates, and nitrogen dioxide.
Remedial measures for specific pollutants are detailed in Section
4.2 of this plan.
3.4.2 The General Episode Situation
The ambient concentrations of three or more pollutants simultaneously
reaching or exceeding their respective episode criteria describes a general
episode situation. Situations of this type tend to occur less frequently
than the specific pollutant situation.
Remedial measures for the general episode situation are detailed
in Section 4.3 of this plan.
3.4.3
The Local Situation
If high concentrations of one or more pollutants are measured at
one of the monitoring sites but not at the others, and the effect is known
or suspected to originate from an identifiable source near the given moni-
toring site, a declaration may be made stating that a "local" or emergency
status exists for the delineated area, and that an Episode Watch is in effect
over the remaining portion of the jurisdictional area. The affected portion
of the State of Alabama will be specified by the Director, Division of Air
Pollution Control, on the basis of air quality and meteorological reports
and predictions.
3-7
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I.
A condition for declaration of a local episode (alert, warning, or
emergency status) is that meteorological conditions favor the maintenance
or increase of high concentrations for at least a twelve-hour period. The
local episode is, therefore, a special case of what shall be termed
II Acci dental Episode for Common Pollutants." This type of accidental
episode may result from control equipment malfunction at a nearby major
source, or other unauthorized release of abnormal amounts of pollutantS.
Normally, the term "Accidential Episode" denotes the accidental release
of airborne hazardous material used in an industrial process (chlorine,
ammonia, etc.), whether at a plant or in transit. A separate manual
on Accidental Episodes may be issued by the Environmental Protection
Agency in 1972.
Emission reduction will be focused upon the identified source or sources
of excess emissions. The procedure will be to shut down the operation from
which the emission results, and to repair the equipment or alter the process
as required to restore normal operation.
The corresponding general measures for the identified pollutant(s)
will be applied within the delineated area where a local alert, warning, or
emergency status is in effect.
3.4.4 The Regional Situation
A regional situation may be defined as an urban area or an isolated
source in a non-urban area in which a pollutant(s) has reached a level(s)
of concentration which poses a potential hazard to human life and health.
Episode conditions within these areas may be limited to one individual
pollutant.
"
3.5 EPISODE POTENTIAL AREAS
Available air quality data throughout the State of Alabama indicates
that an episode potential exists in the following urban areas:
. Birmingham - Fairfield
. Mobile - Salco
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. Gadsden
. Childersburg
. Florence - Sheffield - Tuscumbia
. Huntsville
. Montgomery
Episodes that are attributable to a known, isolated source may also
occur in several non-urban areas, such as the Tennessee Valley area near
the TVAls Widows Creek Power Plant.
Tables 3-la, 3-lb, and 3-lc list the sources and their respective pollutants
. .
in Alabama. Included in the tables are the:
. Region and county location of the source
. Source name
. Contact and telephone number
. Reference symbol s for the acti on to be taken under the
Specific Episode Emission Reduction Plan
. Number of hours to achieve emission reductions of 33%,
67%, and 95% or more
. Reference symbols for the action to be taken under the
General Episode Emission Reduction Plan
. Reference symbol s for the action, if any, to be taken
during an Episode Watch (Episode Preparatory Measures).
The reference symbol s used i n~these tabl es
refer to the applicable emission reduction
Section 4.0.
are defined in Table 3-2 and
measures that are detailed in
One may note, by reading across a line in Table 3-1, which specific
pollutant episode plans apply to each particular source. By reading down
the appropriate pollutant column, one may determine all major sources for
which specific pollutant emission reduction is indicated within a given
episode area.
3-9
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Table 3-3 lists the areas, specific pollutants, and the most signi-
ficant local episode sources for which detailed episode plans have been de-
veloped within the State of Alabama. The remaining portion of the state
is also covered by the same episode plan provisions in the event that a
large-scale episode occurs.
3-10
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W
I
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REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
002 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENE RAL 33% 671 +95%
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
MONTGOMERY MONTGOMERY AREA
Excelsior Brick I I 3 8 4
Jenkins Brick I I 3 8 4
.
-
: !
-
!
f
,
i
i I
Table 3-1a.
SOURCES (>1000 tons/year) AND RESPECTIVE
POLLUTANTS
-------
W
I
--'
REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR AlSO CONTACT FOR EMISSI~
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
003 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO HOZ Ox EPISODE GENERAL 33% 677. +95%
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
ETOWAH GADSDEN AREA
Goodyear Ti re J. R. Burton, Jr B B <1 <1 <1
Alabama Power F. l. Cl ayton \~g:t~41 A A A 1 1.5 2
Vulcan Materials Howard Kay 547-6925 N N <1 <1 <1
Republic Steel J.D. Hilleke 546-3361 P P P 2 6 14
TALLADEGA TALLADEGA AREA
Beaunit Fi bers H. Reynolds . llU~}
378-2211 B4
I--- Kimberly-Clark H.A. Neubaner 378-2711 J J 3 6 12
I--- TalladeQa Materials G.M. LimbauQh 378-6170 N N <1 <1 <1
Moretti-Harrah Marble R.L. Wilkins 249-01 02 N N <1 <1 <1
Alabama Calcium K.E. Hyatt 245-3231 N
N
Ta )le 3- a.
(continued)
-------
W
I
--'
r REG ION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
004 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO 002 Ox EPISODE GENERAL 33:t 67'; +95t
WATCH EP ISODE Red. Red. Red.
JEFFERSON BI RMINGHAr1 AREA
McWane Cast Iron Pipe S.P. Teague 322-3521 02 02 1 1.5 2
Lone Star Cement J. "'.n thony 841-2777 M f1 11 4 18 48
Birmingham Stove & Range S. Jones 322-0371 02 02 1 1.5 48
Wade Sand and Gravel R.A. Wade 322-4611 N N <1 <1 <1
Conners Steel H.T. Montgomery 592-8981 03 D3 03 1 1.5 2
Southern Electric Steel R.W. Scholl 324-5561 D3 03 03 1 1.5 2
Alpha Portland Cement \-LE. Ellis 785-0028 M M M 4 18 48
American Cast Iron Pipe C.P. Farlow 323-8061 01 01 01 2 6 14
r--- 04 1 1.5 2
Harbison-Walker T.A. Mune I 788-6789 0 " 1 1.5 2
v
f--
Vulcan Materials R.M. Steward 879-0421 N N <1 <1 <1
I Jefferson Foundry J. Atkinson , 595-8444 02 02 1 1.5 2
I
!
Alabama By-Products H.J. Hager I 252-5171 P P P P P P 2 6 14
Repub 1 i c Stee 1 J.D. Hilleke 546-3361 01 Dl Dl 01 2 6 14
U.S. Pipe-Bessemer R. Bates \-Ji 1 son 251-3161 01 01 01 01 2 6 14
U.S. Pipe-No Birmingham R. Bates I~ilson 251-3161 01 01 01 01 2 6 14
w
Table 3-la.
(continued)
-------
W
I
--'
!
I REG ION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FOR EMISSICft
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
004 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENERAL 33% 67% +951
WATCH EPISODE Red. ~d. Red.
JEFFERSON BIRMINGHAM AREA
U.S. Pipe, Mining, Metals R. Bates Wil son 251-3161 D1 01 01 01 01 2 6 14
Woodward Iron H.S. Savage, Jr 428-1241 B4 B4 B4 B4 <1 <1 <1
Woodward Iron By-Product H.S. Savage, Jr 428-1241 Bl Bl 1 2 3
U.S. Steel, Fairfield J.C. Davis 783-2201 B,P P P P 2
h 12
U.S. Steel, Ensley J.C. Davis 783-2201 C3 C3 C3 C3
U.S. Steel, Wenonah J.C. Davis 783-2201 C4 C4
Mulga Mine W.W. Jones 428-1241 N N
Standard Oil - Binningham V V
-
Lehigh Portland Cement Co K.J. Schatzlein 434-6171 M
-.
.j::>
Table 3-la.
(continued)
-------
w
,
U1
REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
005 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO 002 Ox EPISODE GENERAL 33% 67% +95%
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
MOBILE MOBILE AREA
Scott Paper J.H. Coil, Jr 433-0581 J J J J 3 6 12
International Paper P. Livingston 457 -8911 J J J J 2 6 12
Stauffer Chem-LeMoyne J. Redden 657-1310 R R R 3 6 12
Courtau1ds North Am. V.E. Baker (205) Q Q Q 2 5 10
675-1710
Ideal Cement J.A. Bozeman 432-8631 N N <1 <1 <1
Airco Alloys & Carbide Datsman (205) G G 1.5 3 6
1'\1'\1-4771
Alum. Co. of Am. (Alcoa) R. V. Newsome 432-1881 N N 1 2 3
Alabama Power-Chickasaw B.B. Keeler 452-0431 A A A A 1 2 4
--
Hess Oil H.W. Duck 438-3515 V V 1 1.5 2
--
110b i 1 e Dock R.M. Hope 438-2481 V V 1 1.5 2
Alabama Power - Barry F.L. Clayton, Jr ~~~-~~8o A1
ESCAMBIA BREWTON AREA
Container Corp - Brewton G.W. Whiteside 867-3621 JSM
Table 3-la.
(continued)
-------
W
I
--'
0"1
I REGION r HOURS REQUIRED
I
, p.ND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FbR EMISSION
i I
i COUNTY N.i\ME OR TI TLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
I
007 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENE RAl 33% 67% +957.
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
COLBERT FLORENCE-SHEFFIELD AREA
TVA - Colbert F. E. Ga rt re 11 ~615~ A A A A A A 2 6 24
55- 002
TVA - Muscle Shoals F. E. G a rt re 11 }615~ T T T 2 6 24
55- 002
Reyno 1 ds r1eta 1 G.F. Bradley ~205~ F2 F2 F2 10 24 20
83- 141 .,
r'4AOISON HUNTSVILLE AREA
General Automotive W W W 2 4 6
~adison limestone-Huntsville W. E. McDona 1 d 539-2153 N
~adison City Airport W
-'
benera1 Shale Products Corp. B.O. Quinn 883-1490 I
-
I
I
_.
i
I I
I i I
Table 3-la.
(cant nued)
-------
W
I
--'
'-J
REG ION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FOR EMISSICIf
COUNTY NAME OR Tl TLE TEL SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
001 NAME OF SOURCE TSP 502 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENERAL 33t 67'.t +\l5t
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
CHOCTAW !BUTLER AREA
American Can - Naheola Mill George Wagner 654-2421 J J J J J 3 6 12
DALLAS SELMA AREA
--
Alabama A.L. Ascik 872-3491 G G 2.5 5 8
Hammermill Paper a.A. Marrow 872-3481 J J J J 3 6 12
MARENGO DEMOPOLI S AREA
-
Gulf States Paper R.l. Yoder 553-6200 J J J 3 6 12
1----- -
Lone Star Cement L.K. Schlumbrech 289-0243 N
~
WP.SHINGTON r~cINTOSH AREA
Alabama Electric Corp. C.R. Lowman 222-1191 A A A 1 2 4
WILCOX PINE HILL AREA
Macmillan Bloedel A.J. Gardner 963-4390 J J 3 6 12
-
Table 3-lb.
LOCAL EPISODE SOURCES AND RESPECTIVE
POLLUTANTS
-------
W
I
-'
(X)
:
REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
001 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENERAL 33% 67% +95%
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
CLARKE JACKSON AREA
Allied Paper J.D. Sparks 246-4461 XJ J J J
I
--J-.
I
_. I
, ;
I
_. ---
i
Table 3-lb.
(continued)
-------
W
I
......
\0
REG ION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR AlSO CONTACT FOR EMISSICM
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEl. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
002 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENE RAL 33% 671 +95%
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
AUTAUGA PRATTVILLE AREA
Union Camp Wyatt Shorter 365-8841 J J J 3 6 12
LEE AUBURN AREA
Auburn Stone Herman Genet 887-5037 N <1 <1 <1
-.
-
Table 3-lb.
(continued)
-------
W
I
N
a
REG ION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONT ACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONT ACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
004 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENERAL 33% 67% +95%
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
GREENE DEMO POL IS AREA
Alabama Power F.L. Clayton Jr. 323-5341 A A A A A A 1 15 2
ext 2400
PICKINS REFORM AREA
Southern Natural Gas Victor Harbon Jr 328-5410 U U <1 < 1 <1
SHELBY COLU~IB IANA AREA
South~rn Electric W.H. Gray 323-5341 A A fl. A A A 1 2 4
I'>vt ?l;nl1
Southern Cement W.H. Reme1e 324-5651 M M 4 18 48
-
Longvievi Lime Harold
r---- F. Minrllprnn fifi:1::.D16lL. M M /I lP IIQ
TUSCALOOSA TUSCALOOSA AREA
Gulf States Paper Robert R. Fuller 553-6200 J J 3 6 12
Centra 1 Foundry J.H. Witherspoon 553-6810 01 01 Dl 2 5 10
'a ) e 3- b.
(conti nuec )
-------
W
I
N
......
REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
004 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE . GENERAL 33t 67% ~~.
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red.
WAlKER GORGAS AREA
Alabama Power F.L. Clayton Jr. 323-5341 A A A A A 1
<>vt ?Jlnn 2 4
'---
~
Table 3-lb.
(continued)
-------
W
I
N
N
REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR AlSO CONTACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TI TLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
006 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENERAL 33% 67'l +951
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. R.!d.
GENEVA HARTFORD AREA
Southeastern Gypsum Co. M.W. Morritt 588-3210 X
~
~
-
. .ab 1 e 3- 1 b.
(continued)
-------
W
I
N
W
REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR AlSO CONTACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TI TLE TEl. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
007 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENERAL 33% 67i +95i
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
JACKS{)N SCOTSBORO AREA
TV A - Widows Creek A A A A A A 2.5 5 8
MORGAN DECATUR AREA
Monsanto p p 2 6 14
R 1 1 t; ?
Conagla B 1 1.5 2
-- -
- '
I
I
Table 3-lb.
(continued)
-------
W
I
N
~
i
REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TI TLE TEL SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENERAL 33% 67% +95%
002 WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
MONTGOMERY MONTGOMERY AREA
Cities Service Co. A. V. Reid 263-3449 B3,V
Deep South Construction Co. N. Rotchschild 272-1)752 K
BrQckway Glass Co. R. J. Ryder 261-5358 X
Dannelly Field W
Maxwell AFB X
-
-
Table 3-1c. SOURCES (100 - 1000 tons/year) AND
RESPECTIVE POLLUTANTS
-------
W
I
N
U'1
REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TI TLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
003 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox' EPISODE GENE RAL 331. 671. +951
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
ETOWAH GADSDEN AREA
Vulcan Materials Co. J. Greco 492-4610 N
~merican Material & Supply Co E. Ell is 547-6323 K
~AA Plumbing Pottery Co. R. T. Fesler 538-7804 0
-
-
Table 3-lc. (continued)
-------
W
I
N
~
REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR AlSO CONT ACT FOR EMISSI~
COUNTY NAME OR TI TLE TEL SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
004 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox. EPISODE GENERAL 33% 67% +95%
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
JEFFERSON BIRMINGHJIM AREA
Southern Rp;lrlv t.1ix Inc:. 1 . r. WPilvpr I;Q?-Al?l N
McQueen Foundrv R. SlJnnlv fo rn t;Q?-741? O?
Roc:k Wool Mfn. ro. r, r r"d,.." I"QQ-hl?l 'I
Cosner FOlJndrv. Tn,... R, ..~_..~- Jr. ?5?_1A1A n?
Fairmont Foundry Co.. Inc. W.I. POI/I;> 11 Jr. A41-n47? n?
Hayes International Co. r.B. Revmilnn 5Q?-0011 R4
I J Pild Co. Inc: r. H Mi d.-" ~ hQQ-h17l 02,04 02 . OL
- :low ,... ion R A V"rin AAl -?7?1 n?
. Villvpc: R. Fittinnc: r P MrrlinT()" ::;a?_h1hl '1:/ !n?
-
! i i
I
Mobil Chemical Co. E, N. r'10rtenson 431-2789 R , I
...
Jones Foundry Co. Inc. J.W. Moore 428-2303 n2
Griffin Wheel Co. L.H <;,..hp;bhuer 4?A-9111 101
Hercules Inc. W. E. El s ton 42R-21Ql R
U.S. GYDSUm Co. n.F Johnc:"n R41-'>1\1? X
Lawler Machine'" FOlJnnrv rn R A I nwipn I;ol;-nl;ol; n?
, 'ab 1 e 3- 1 c .
(continued)
-------
W
I
N
.....,
REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
004 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENERAL 33% 67t +951
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
JEFFERSON BIRMINGHAM AREA
W.~. Belcher lumber Co. J. R. Abernathv 787-4626 S S
Universal Atlas Cement H.L. Rader 699-2931 M
E.I. DuPont de Nemours H.S. Was lev 674-9436 X x X
McWane Cast Iron Pipe S.P. TeaQue 322-3521
Birmingham Stove & RanQe S. Jones 322-0371 n?
W.J. Bullock, Inc. E.A. Binnev 788-6586 F F
Vulcan Asphalt R.M. Stewart 879-0421 V
Warri or Aspha lt L.M. Williams 553-6722 V
--
Phi 11 ips 66 V
-
exaco V
Uni on 76 V
tandard Oil V
he 11 Oil V
riangle Ref-Binnport V
,umble Oil V
Table 3-1c.
(continued)
-------
W
I
N
ex>
REG ION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONT ACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
004 NAME OF SOURCE TSP 502 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENE RAL 33% 67~ +95t
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
JEFFERSON B I RMI NGHAM AREA
Crown Central V
Cities Service V
Marathon Oil V
American Oil V
Jefferson Foundry J. Atkinson 595-8444 02
Alabama By-Products H.J. Hager 252-5171 P
Republic Steel J.D. Hilleke 546-3361 P
U.S. Pipe, Mining Metals R. Bates Wi lson 251-3161 Dl
-
-
'a) e 3-1c.
(con ~inue( )
-------
W
I
N
~
REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
005 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENE RAL 33% 67% +95t
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. .d.
MOB I LE MOBILE AREA
Horace S. Turner, Jr., Inc. Horace Turner 473-4451 V
Standard Furniture Mfg. Co. J.H. Stuckey 937-2451 L
American Cyanamid Co. L.D. Placido 457-6601 R
Stauffer Chemical - Bucks G.A. Burke 675-0950 X
National Gypsum Co. J . H . Call i e 433-3971 L
A 1 a. Drydock & Shipbuilding G.C. Ball 438-6041 B5
Standard Oil V
Alabama Refinery V
-
La Gloria V
-
Triangle Ref-Choctaw V
Triangle Ref-Blakeley V
Ameri can Oi 1 I V
t~urphy Oi 1 V
Bates Field W W
Container Corp. G.H. Whiteside 867-3621 SJ SJ
Table 3-lc.
(continued)
-------
W
I
W
o
REGION HOURS REQUIRED
AND AREA CONTACT EPISODE PLAN FOR ALSO CONTACT FOR EMISSION
COUNTY NAME OR TITLE TEL. SPECIFIC POLLUTANT FOR: REDUCTION
007 NAME OF SOURCE TSP S02 CO N02 Ox EPISODE GENE RAL 33% 67% +95%
WATCH EPISODE Red. Red. Red.
COLBERT FLORENCE-SHEFFIELD AREA
Reynolds Metals-Sheffield J.L. Hicks 383-7150 S F2
Cornelius Lumber Co. W.O. Cornelius 359-42+14 S
Ford ~10tol' Co. - Sheffi e 1 d F.J. Kallin l313}
322-0610 F2
KinQ Stove & RanQe Co. D.G. Willich 383-2421 02
Union Carbide Corp. R. T. Bi1<;tei n 383-1441 03
-~.- -
-
MADISON HUNTSVILLE AREA
Madison County Airport W
-
,-
-
Table 3-1c.
(continued)
-------
Table 3-2.
Reference System
A.
Al
A2
B.
81
B2
83
84
85
C.
Cl
C2
C3
C4
O.
01
02
03
04
E.
F.
Fl
F2
G.
H.
1.
J.
KEY TO TYPE OF SOURCE DESIGNATED BY
REFERENCE SYMBOL
Type of Source
Power Plant: public utility, boiler
Coal only
Coal and oil and/or gas
Private Facility: boiler for power,
heat, and/or hot water
Coal only
Oil only
Gas only
Coal and oil and/or gas
Oil and gas
Integrated Iron and Steel:
Open hearth furnace
Electric arc furnace
Blast furnace
Sintering
processes
Secondary Ferrous: processes
Cupol a, 1 arge
Cupola, medium or small
Electric arc furnace
Reverberatory or other furnace
Non-Ferrous, Smelter
Non-Ferrous, Secondary
Cupola
Reverberatory or other furnace
Electro-Metals and Refractories
Primary Aluminum:
processes
Brick Manufacturing
Pulp Mill:
processes
3-31
-------
Reference System
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
u.
v.
W.
x.
Table 3-2.
(continued)
Type of Source
Asphalt Batching
Lumber and Wood Products
Cement Manufacturing, Lime Kilns
Stone, Coal, Mineral, Sand: crushing,
mixing, cleaning, conveying, transfer
~:
processes
Coking
Plastics
Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing
Incineration
Fertilizer Plant
Natural Gas Plant
Oil and Gasoline Storage
Transportation
Other
3-32
-------
Table 3-3.
EPISODE PLANS IN EFFECT
Specific Episode Plan General
AREA TSP S02 Episode
N02 CO Ox Plan Source
Birmingham X X X X X X
Mobile X X X X X
Gadsden X X +
Talladega X X X X
Florence/Sheffield X X X X X X
Huntsville X X X X
Local Episodes
(Counties):
Choctaw X X X X American Can
Da 11 as X Alabama Met. and
Hammermill
X X X Hammermill
Marengo X X Lone Star Cement
Washington X X Alabama Power
Wilcox X Macmillan
Autuga X X Union Camp
Montgomery, X Excelsior Brick and
Jenkins Brick
Bullock X Auburn Stone
Greene X X X - X X Alabama Power
Shelby X Southern Cement
Longview Cement
and Southern Elec-
tric
X X X X Southern Electric
Tuscaloosa X X Gulf States Pulp
and Central Foundry
Walker X X X X Alabama Power
Pickens X X Southern Natural
Gas
Jackson X X X X X TVA, Widows Creek
Plant
Marion X Marion Coke
Morgan X X X X Monsanto, Conagla
3-33
-------
4.0 EMISSION REDUCTION PLAN
The Emission Reduction Plan specifies the action to be taken by
designated agencies and officials of the State of Alabama and cooperating
organizations during air pollution episodes. The plan is organized in
three part~ as follows:
~~i~~~n~~~~~~~r~u~~~~U~~SE~i~~~~i~:~C~h~p~~:~~6~~~r~0~:~sures
Specific Episode Emission Reduction Plan - Details the activities
to be executed during the alert, warning, and emergency operational
modes of a specific episode situation.
General Episode Emission Reduction Plan - Stipulates activities
to be performed during the alert, warning, and emergency
operational modes of a general episode situation.
The instructions for the specific and general episodes are grouped
under two subheadings; the first consisting of general measures, the
second consisting of the specific source curtailment activities. The
latter subheading is a description of emission reduction measures for
specific industries or equipment.and.tbe instr~ctions are keyed to
correspond with the reference symbols in Table 3-1. The key to the
reference symbols is provided in Table 3-2.
When an alert, warning, or emergency status is publicly declared, a
reduction in emissions will be performed in accordance with the appropriate
Emission Reduction Plan described in this section. Responsibility for
action to achieve emission reduction in accordance with this plan rests
with the owner, manager, and principal operator of the facility, building,
or vehicle which is the emission source.
4.1
EPISODE PREPARATORY MEASURES
When the Director, Division of Air Pollution Control, announces an.
internal Episode Watch he will have designated pollutant sources advised
4-1
-------
of the impending possibility of emission reduction.3
Contacts are to be advised that an Episode Watch is in effect, but
no action to reduce emissions is required in accordance with standby plans,
except for certain preparatory measures as indicated below:
Public Power Generating Plants
. Contact outside power pools to determine the amount of
power available for purchase.
I :
. Be prepared to reduce operation of units that are known
to rank high in emissions per kilowatt hour for the
specific pollutant that shows high concentrations, and to
phase in or increase operation of those that rank lower
in this respect.
. Survey the availability of lower-sulfur oil and gas.
Incinerators, Heating Plants, and Batch Processes
. Consider a voluntary slackening of operation if possible.
. Be prepared to handle and store the quantity of refuse
that would accumulate in a five-day period by providing
sufficient personnel and space for storage and containers
(leak-proof metal cans with tight fitting covers or other
containers acceptable to Alabama Department of Health).
Industrial Processes Requring Many Hours to Curtail Operations
. Determine what auxiliary processes could be dispensed
with voluntarily at this time or mandatorily when a
higher episode status is declared.
All Government-owned or Operated Incinerators (municipal,
county, etc.)
. The hourly burning rate of refuse shall be reduced by
20 percent of normal capacity.
3The sources with reference symbols listed under the
column in Table 3-1 require advance notice because of the
for shutdown.
Episode Watch
long lead time
4-2
-------
4.2 SPECIFIC EPISODE EMISSION REDUCTION PLAN
When a specific episode situation occurs, remedial measures are directed
primarily to the major point source of the specific pollutant for which
episode levels are observed or predicted. However, when large numbers of
small emitters arE the source of a pollutant within an area, restrictions
will be imposed upon the public at large.
In the event that ambient concentrations of two pollutants simulta-
neously reach or exceed their respective episode criteria, (Sections 2.1.2,
2.1.3, and 2.1.4) and no improvement in meteorological conditions is .
predicted for the next twelve hours, an alert, warning, or emergency status
specific for both pollutants will be declared. If levels correspond to a
different episode status for the two pollutants, the declared status will
be the higher of the two. Emission reduction plans detailed in this section
will be executed for both pollutants at the higher status.
If the action specified for one of the two pollutants could increase
rather than decrease emissions of the other pollutant, as with certain
fuel-switching measures, it will not be executed. The principle conflict
involves heating or power plants in which a switch from coal burning to
oil or gas burning to reduce emissions of sulfur oxides and particulates
could increase emissions of nitrogen oxides, and vice versa. Action to
be taken in these cases are described in Section 4.3, General Episode.
Emission Reduction Plan.
4.2.1
Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), Alert Status
When the alert status for particulates is declared, the following
will be done to reduce emissions of this pollutant.
4.2.1 .1
General Measures, Alert Status
1.
Solid or liquid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and other facilities not specifically
listed in Table 3-1 shall be accomplished only between
noon and 4:00 P.M.; however, voluntary postponement until
episode termination is desirable.
4-3
-------
2. There shall be no open burning of tree waste, vegetation,
refuse, or debris in any form.
3.
Soot blowing or boiler lancing on fuel-burning equipment,
if required, shall be accomplished only between noon and
4:00 P.M.
Industrial batch processes and incinerators shall be
reduced to 50 percent or less of normal operation and
prepared for shutdown.
4.2.1.2 Specific Source Curtailment, Alert Status
4.
Action to reduce particulate emissions will be taken by sources
in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the TSP column. The
following describes the action required for each corresponding reference
symbol.
A.
Public Utility Power Plant
Al.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 70 percent of normal load
or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area.
c.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
A2. Burning Coal and Oil, With or Without Availability of Gas
d.
a.
Diminish load on coal-firing boilers, take up some
or all of the slack on oil- or gas-firing boilers.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area.
b.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
Private Boiler (used fo~ power, hea~, and/or hot water)
B.
B1.
c.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 70 percent of normal load
or less. '
4-4
-------
B2.
B4.
C.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
Burning Oil Only
a.
Reduce load to 85 percent of normal load or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
plant operations.
Burning Coal and Oil and/or Gas
a.
Diminish load on coal-firing boilers to 50 percent
or less of normal load, and take up the slack by
increasing use of oil-firing or gas-firing boilers.
Integrated Iron and Steel
Prepare to stop slag quenching, incineration and scarfing
operations. Prepare to operate coke plant for minimum
emissions.
D.
C1.
Open hearth furnaces
a.
Make no new heats.
b.
Ascertain that emission control equipment, if any,
is operating at maximum efficiency.
Prepare for shutdown of units with no high-efficiency
air pollution controls.
c.
C2.
Electric arc furnaces
a.
Make no new heats.
b.
Ascertain that plenum hoods, fans, ducts, and air
pollution control equipment, if any, are operating
at maximum efficiency.
Prepare for shutdown.
c.
C4.
Sintering
a.
Reduce operation to 50 percent of normal load.
Secondary Ferrous
D1.
Cupola, large
a.
Add no new charges.
4-5
-------
02.
03.
04.
b.
Prepare to shut down equipment without controls.
Switch fuel from coal to oil or gas, if appropriate.
c.
Cupola, medium or small
a.
Add no new charges.
Prepare to shut down equipment without controls.
b.
c.
Switch fuel from coal to oil or gas, if appropriate.
Electric arc furnace
a.
Start no new heats.
b.
Ascertain that plenum hoods, fans, ducts, and air
pollution control equipment, if any, are operating
at maximum efficiency.
c.
Prepare for shutdown.
Reverberatory or other furnace
a.
Start no new heats.
b.
Ascertain that plenum hoods, fans, ducts, and air
pollution control equipment, if any, are operating
at maximum efficiency.
c.
Prepare for shutdown.
E.
Smelter, Non-Ferrous
a.
Add no new charges.
Prepare to shut down equipment without controls.
b.
c.
Switch fuel from coal to oil or gas, if appropriate.
F.
Non-Ferrous, Secondary
a.
Switch fuel from coal to oil or gas, if appropriate.
Stop all incineration processes (burning cable covering
to recover copper, burning battery cases to recover
1 ead t etc.).
b.
c.
Add no more charges to furnaces or cupolas.
Prepare to shut down uncontrolled furnaces with high
emissions.
d.
4-6
-------
G.
Electro-Metal and Refractories
a.
Add no new charges.
Prepare to shut down equipment without controls.
b.
H.
Primary Aluminum
a.
Add no new charges.
Curtail high-emission auxiliary processes such as
chlorine blowing.
B~ick Manufacture
1.
b.
a.
Start no new batches.
J.
Pulp Mills
b.
Allow processes in operation to phase down.
a.
Start no new batches.
b.
Allow processes in operation to phase down.
M.
Cement Manufacture, Lime Kilns
Start no new batches.
a.
b. Allow processes in operation to phase down.
N.
Stone, Coal, Mineral, Sand:
conveying, transfer
crushing, mixing, cleaning,
o.
a.
Reduce to 50 percent of normal operation.
Prepare for shutdown.
b.
Clay Processes
P.
Coking
a.
Reduce to 50 percent of normal operation.
Prepare for shutdown.
b.
a.
Start no new batches.
b. Allow processes in operation to phase down.
4-7
-------
Q.
Plastics
a.
Start no new batches.
T.
b. Allow processes in operation to phase down.
Fertilizer Manufacture
a.
Start no new batches.
b. Allow processes in operation to phase down.
4.2.2 Total Suspended Particulates Warning Status
When the warning status for particulates is declared, the following
emission reduction actions will be taken.
4.2.2.1
General Measures, Warning Status
1.
Solid or liquid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and other facilities not specifically
listed in Table 3-1 shall be postponed until episode
termination.
2. There shall be no open burning of tree waste, vegetation,
refuse, or debris in any form.
3.
Soot blowing or boiler lancing on fuel-burning equipment
if required, shall be accomplished only between noon and
4:00 P.M. upon approval of the Director, Division of Air
Pollution Control.
4.2.2.2 Specific Source Curtailment, Warning Status
Action to reduce particulate emissions will be taken by sources
in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the TSP column. The
following describes the actions required for each corresponding reference
symbol.
A.
Public Utility Plant
A1.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 50 percent of normal load or
less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operati ons .
4-8
-------
A2.
c.
Increase load at company s~ations that are outside
the episode area and divert power into the area, if
advised by Director, Division of Air Pollution Control,
that meteoro1~gica1 conditions so warrant.
Purchase power and power pool.
d.
Burning Coal and Oil, With or Without Availability of Gas
a.
Switch from coal to oil or gas.
Increase load at company stations that
episode area and divert power into the
by Director, Division of Air Pollution
meteorological conditions so warrant.
are outside the
area, if advised
Control, that
b.
c.
Purchase power from power pool.
B.
Private Boiler (used for power, heat, and/or hot water)
B1.
Burning Coal Only
82.
84.
a.
Reduce operations to 50 percent of normal load or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
b.
Burning Oil Only
a.
Reduce load to 70 percent of norm~l 10~d or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
plant operations.
b.
Burning Coal and Oil and/or Gas
a.
Switch completely from coal to oil or gas.
Integrated Iron and Steel
Continue all steps taken during alert status. Increase coking
time. Stop slag quenching, "intineratton, and scarfing.
C.
C1.
C2.
Open Hearth Furnaces
a.
Begin banking operations.
Electric Arc Furnaces
a.
Cease operations.
4-9
-------
C4. Si nteri ng
a.
Cease operations.
D.
Secondary Ferrous
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
b. Shut down furnaces without air cleaners.
c. Prepare to shut down furnaces without high efficiency
controls. Add no more metal. Start no new heats.
E.
Smelter, Non-Ferrous
a. Shut down furnaces without air cleaners.
F.
b. Begin shutdown of all smelters.
Non-Ferrous, Secondary
a.
Shut down furnaces without air cleaners.
b.
Begin shutdown of all smelters.
G.
Electro-Metals and Refractories
a.
Begin shutdown
H.
Primary Aluminum
a. Add no new charges to pots.
b.
Cease all auxiliary processes.
I.
Brick Manufacture
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
J.
Pulp Mills
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
M.
Cement Manufacture, Lime, Kilns
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
4-10
-------
N.
Stone, Coal, Mineral, Sand (crushing, mixing, cleaning
conveying, and transfer
a.
Cease operations.
o.
Clay Processes
a.
Cease operations.
Q.
Plastics
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
T.
Fertilizer Manufacture
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
4.2.3 Total Suspended Particulates Emergency Status
When the emergency status for particulates is declared, the following
emission reduction actions will be taken.
4.2.3.1
General Measures, Emergency Status
1 .
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid waste shall
be prohibited.
2.
There shall be no open burning of any kind of fuel, waste,
vegetation, refuse, or other material.
During the heating season, the operation of heating units
in all buildings within the affected areas of Alabama,
including public and private office buildings, apartment
houses, shops, hotels, schools, recreational facilities,
libraries, auditoriums, warehouses, etc., but not including
hospitals, sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged and infirm, shall be at thermost.at temperature settings
no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit4.
3.
4£xceptions to this action are ~llowed for persons who are aged, infirm,
or ill and under the care of a physician. Exceptions are also allowed under
formal permit for facilities where a drastic change in temperature could
result in irreparable damage, such as computer rooms, environmental labor-
atories, cryogenic materials facilities, hazardous material storages, and
meat lockers.
4-11
-------
4.
During the heating season, heatin9 units in single-family
and small multi-family dwellings {six-family units or less}
that are equipped with thermostates shall operate at settings
no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Heating units that
are not regulated by thermostats shall be operated at a
rate that is approximately 20 percent lower than4normal for
the corresponding season and weather conditions.
During the air conditioning season, the operation of central
air conditioning units in all buildings within the affected
areas of Alabama, including public and private office
buildings, apartment houses, hotels, shops, schools, recre-
. ational facilities, libraries, auditoriums, warehouses, and
single-familv and multi-family dwellings, but not including
hospitals, sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature settings
no lower than 80 degrees Fahrenheit. All room air conditioning
units in operation shall b~ at the setting that provides
the least rate of cooling.
5.
6.
All places of employment where larger amounts of power, heat
or hot water are used shall immediately suspend such operations.
The establishments include:
. Wholesale and retail laundries and dry cleaning
establishments
. Beauty shops and other users of electrical or gas
dri ers
. Bakeries of breads, pastries, pizza, etc.
. Public baths, steam rooms, and heated swimming pools
7.
Places of employment shall release working personnel ahead
of normal close of day, and on a staggered arrangement
based upon travel time to residence for each employee.
All outdoor construction and demolition work will be sus-
pended until episode termination, except for work that, if
left unfinished, might result in a public hazard.
8.
9.
All commercial and manufacturing establishments not
specifically mentioned in this order will institute such
actions as will result in reduction of particulate emissions
to the maximum reasonable extent.
4.2.3.2 Specific Source Curtailment, Emergency Status
Action to reduce particulate emissions will be taken by sources in
Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the TSP column. The following
describes the action required for each corresponding reference symbol.
4See Footnote 4 on preceding page.
4-12
-------
A.
Public Utility Plant
A1.
A2.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 30 percent of normal load,or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
b.
c.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area and divert power into the area, if
advised by Director, Division of Air Pollution Control,
that meteorological conditions so warrant.
d.
Purchase power from power pool.
e.
Reduce line voltage by 8 percent of normal.
Burning Coal and Oil, with or without availability of Gas
a.
Operate entirely on oil or gas at 45 percent of normal
load, or less
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
c.
Increase load at company stations that
episode area and divert power into the
by Director, Division of Air Pollution
meteorological conditions so warrant.
are outside the
area, if advised
Control, that
d.
Purchase power from power pool.
Reduce line voltage by 8 percent of normal.
e.
B.
Private Boiler (used for power, heat, and/or hot water)
B1.
B2.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 30 percent of normal load, or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
Burning Oil Only
a.
Reduce load to 50 percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
plant operations.
b.
4-13
-------
B4.
Burning Coal and Oil and/or Gas
C.
Switch completely from coal to oil or gas and reduce
load to 50 percent of normal load, or less.
Integrated Iron And Steel
a.
a.
Continue all steps taken during warning status.
b.
Reduce coke operations to a minimum.
c.
Shut down all furnaces without high efficiency controls.
d.
(The furnaces
Prepare for shutting down all furnaces.
may be kept banked to protect them.)
C4.
Sintering
a.
Shut down sintering."
D.
Secondary Ferrous
a.
Continue steps taken during warning status.
b.
Shut down furnaces without air cleaners.
c.
Complete shut down of furnaces without high efficiency
controls.
E. Smelter, Non-Ferrous
a. Shut down furnaces without air cleaners.
b. Complete shutdown of a 11 smelters.
F. Non-Ferrous, Secondary
a. Shut down furnaces without air cleaners.
b.
Complete shutdown of all smelters.
G.
Electro-Metals and Refractories
a.
Continue shutdown
H.
Primary Aluminum
a.
Add no new charges to pots.
Cease all auxiliary processes.
b.
I.
Brick Manufacture
a.
Shut down.
4-14
-------
- _.~--- u
J.
Pul p Mi 11 s
a.
Shut down.
M.
Cement Manufacture, Lime Kilns
a.
Shut down.
N.
Stone, Coal, Mineral, Sand (crushing, mixing, cleaning,
conveying, and transfer)
a.
Shut down.
o.
Clay Processes
a.
Shut down.
Q.
Plastics
a.
Shut down.
T.
Fertilizer Manufacture
a.
Shut down
4.2.4 Sulfur Dioxide, Alert Status
When the alert status for sulfur dioxide is declared, the following
will be accomplished to reduce emissions of this pollutant.
4.2.4.1
General Measures, Alert Status
1.
Solid waste incineration from office buildings, apartment
houses, and industrial facilities not specifically listed
in Table 3-1 shall be accomplished only between noon and
4:00 P.M.; however, voluntary postponement until episode
termination is desirable.
2. There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil, or
other material that could contain sulfur.
3.
Boil er 1 anci ng, where requi red, will be 1 imited to between
noon and 4:00 P.M.
4.2.4.2 Specific Source Curtailment, Alert Status
Action to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions will be taken by sources
in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the 502 column. The
following describes the action required for each corresponding reference
symbol.
4-15
-------
A.
Public Utility Power Plant
A1.
A2.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 70 percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
b.
c.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
d.
Burning Coal and Oil, with or without availability of Gas
a.
Curtail use of coal-firing boilers, take up some or
all of the slack on oil- or gas-firing boilers.
b.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
Private Boiler (used for power, heat, and/or hot water
B.
c.
B1.
Burning Coal Only
B2.
B4.
a.
Reduce operations to 70 percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
b.
Burning Oil Only
a.
Reduce load to 75 percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
plant operations.
b.
Burning Coal and Oil and/or Gas
a.
Diminish load on coal-firing boilers by 50
less of normal load, and take up the slack
use of boilers that burn gas or oil with a
content lower than that of the coal.
percent or
by increasing
s u 1 fu r
C.
Integrated Iron and Steel
Prepare to stop slag quenching, incineration, and scarfing
operations. Prepare to operate coke plant for minimum emissions.
4-16
-------
C4.
o.
Sintering
a.
Reduce operation to 30 percent of normal loads or less.
Prepare for shutdown if episode continues or intensifies.
b.
Secondary Ferrous
01.
Cupola, large
a.
Add no new charges.
Prepare to shut down equipment without controls.
b.
Switch fuel from coal to low sulfur oil or gas, if
appropriate.
Smelter, Non-Ferrous
E.
c.
a.
Add no new charges
b.
Prepare to shut down equipment without controls.
Switch fuel from coal to low sulfur oil or gass if
appropriate.
c.
d.
Begin shutdown of sulfide ore smelting processes that
do not have a sulfuric acid manufacturing plant.
F.
Non-Ferrous, Secondary
J.
Pu 1 P Mi 11 s
P.
Coking
a.
Switch fuel from coal to low sulfur oil or gas, if
appropri ate.
Stop all incineration processes (burning cable covering
to recover copper, burning battery cases to recover
1 ead, etc.).
b.
c.
Add no more charges to furnaces or cupolas.
d.
Prepare to shut down uncontrolled furnaces with high
emissions.
a.
Start no new batches.
b.
Allow processes in operation to phase down
a.
Start no new batches.
b.
Allow processes in operation to phase down.
4-17
-------
Q.
Plastics Manufacturing
a.
Start no new batches.
b. Allow processes in operation to phase down.
R. Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing
a. Start no new batches.
b. Allow processes in operation to phase down.
4-18
-------
4.2.5 Sulfur Dioxide Warning Status
When the warning status for sulfur dioxide is declared, the following
emission reduction actions will be taken.
4.2.5.1
General Measures, Warning Status
1.
Solid or liquid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and industrial facilities not specifically
listed in Table 3-1 shall be postponed until episode
termination.
I
I
I
I
I
2~
There shall be no open burning of tree waste, vegetation,
refuse, or debris in any form.
3.
Soot blowing or boiler lancing on fuel-burning equipment,
if required, shall be accomplished only between noon and
4:00 P.M. upon approval of the Director, Division of Air
Pollution Control.
4.2.5.2 Specific Source Curtailment, Warning Status
Action to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions will be taken by sources
in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the 502 column. The
following describes the action required for each reference symbol.
A.
Public Utility Plant
A1.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 50 percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
b.
c.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area and divert power into the area, if
advised by Director, Division of Air Pollution Control,
that meteorological conditions so warrant.
d.
Purchase power from power pool.
Prepare to drop voltage by 5 percent.
e.
A2.
Burning Coal and Oil, With or Without Availability of Gas
a.
Switch completely from coal to low sulfur oil or gas.
4-19
-------
b.
Increase load at company stations that are outside the
episode area and divert power into the area, if advised
by Director, Division of Air Pollution Control, that
meteorological conditions so warrant.
Purchase power from power pool.
c.
B.
Private Boiler (used for power, heat, and/or hot water)
Bl. Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 50 percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
b.
B2. Burning Oil Only
a.
Reduce load to 60 percent of normal load, or less
B4.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
plant operation.
Burning Coal and Oil and/or Gas
b.
a.
Switch completely from coal to low sulfur oil or gas
C.
Integrated Iron and Steel
Prepare to stop slag quenching, incineration, and scarfing
operations. Prepare to operate coke plant for minimum emissions.
C4. Sintering
a.
Cease operations.
D.
Secondary Ferrous
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
Prepare to shut down furnaces. Add no more metal.
Start no new heats.
b.
E.
Smelter, Non-Ferrous
a. Shut down furnaces without air cleaners.
b. Begin shutdown of all smelters.
c.
Complete shutdown of all sulfide ore processes that
do not have sulfuric acid treatment plants.
4-20
-------
F.
Non-Ferrous, Secondary
J.
Pulp Mill
P.
Coking
a.
Continue steps taken under alert status.
Complete shutdown of all high emission furnaces.
b.
c.
Prepare to shut down furnaces with lower emission
rates and some with controls (crucible, electric;
sweating and cupola with controls).
a.
Continue steps taken under alert status.
Prepare for plant shutdown.
b.
a.
Continue steps taken under alert status.
Prepare for plant shutdown.
b.
Q.
Plastics Manufacturing
a.
Continue steps taken under alert status.
b.
Prepare for plant shutdown.
R.
Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing
a.
Continue steps taken under alert status.
Prepare for plant shutdown.
b.
4.2.6 Sulfur Dioxide Emergency Status
When the emergency status for sulfur dioxide is declared, the following
emission reduction actions will be taken.
4.2.6.1
General Measures, Emergency Status
1.
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid waste shall
be prohi bited.
2. There shall be no open burning of any kind of fuel, waste,
vegetation, refuse, or other material.
3.
During the heating season, the operation of heating units
in all buildings within the affected areas of Alabama,
including public and private office buildings, apartment
houses, hotels, shops, schools, recreational facilities,
libraries, auditoriums, warehouses, etc., but not including
4-21
-------
hospitals, sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged or infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature settings
no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit.S
4.
During the heating season, heating units in a single-
family and small multi-family dwellings (six family units
or less) that are equipped with thermostats shall operate
at settings no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Heating
units that are not regulated by thermostats shall be operated
at a rate that is approximately 20 percent lower than normal
for the corresponding season and weather conditions.S
5. 'During the air conditioning season, the operation of central
air conditioning units in all buildings within the affected
areas of Alabama, including public and private office
buildings, apartment houses, hotels, shops, schools, recre-
ational facilities, libraries, auditoriums, warehouses, and
single-family and multi-family dwellings, but not including
hospitals, sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature settings
no lower than 80 degrees Fahrenheit. All room air conditioning
units in operation shall be at the setting that provides the
least rate of cooling.5
6.
All places of employment where large amounts of power, heat
or hot water are used shall immediately suspend such operations.
The establishments include:
. Wholesale and retail laundries and dry cleaning estab-
lishments.
. Beauty shops and other users of. electrical or gas driers
. Bakeries of breads, pastries, pizza, etc.
. Public baths, steam rooms, and heated swimming pools
7.
Places of employment shall release working personnel ahead of
normal close of day, and on a staggered arrangement based upon
travel time to residence for each employee.
5Exceptions to this action are allowed for persons who are aged, infirm,
or ill and under the care of a physician. Exceptions are also allowed under
formal permit for facilities where a drastic change in temperature could
result in irreparable dama~e, such as computer rooms, evironmental laboratories,
cryogenic materials facilities, hazardoux material storages, and meat lockers.
4-22
-------
4.2.6.2 Specific Source Curtailment, Emergency Status
Action to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions will be taken by sources
in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the S02 column. The
following describes the action required for each corresponding reference
symbol.
A.
Public Utility Plant
A1.
A2.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 35 percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
b.
c.
Continue increased load at company stations that are
outside the episode area and divert power into the
area, if advised by Director, Division of Air Pollution
Control, that meteorological conditions so warrant.
d.
Purchase power from power pool as needed.
Prepare to drop voltage by an additional 3 percent.
e.
Burning Coal and Oil, With or Without Availability of Gas
a.
Operate entirely on low sulfur oil or gas at 45 percent
of normal load, or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
Continue increased load at company stations that are
outside the episode area and divert power into the
area, if advised by Director, Division of Air Pollution
Control, that meteorological conditions so warrant.
c.
d.
Purchase power from power pool as needed.
e.
Prepare to drop voltage by an additional 3 percent.
B.
Private Boiler (used for power, heat, and/or hot water)
81.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operati.ons to 35 percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
b.
B2. . Burning Oil Only
a.
Reduce load to 45 percent of normal load, or less.
4-23
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Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
plant operations.
B4. Burning Coal and Oil and/or Gas
b.
a. Switch completely from coal to oil or gas and
reduce load to 45 percent of normal load, or less.
Integrated Iron and Steel
C.
a. Continue all steps taken during warning status.
b.
Reduce coke operations to a minimum.
c. Complete shutdown of furnaces without high efficiency
controls.
C4.
Sintering
a. Continue shutdown.
D.
Secondary Ferrous
a. Complete shutdown of high emission furnaces.
E.
Smelter, Non-Ferrous
a.
Complete shutdown.
F. Non-Ferrous, Secondary
a.
Complete shutdown.
J.
Pulp Mill
a.
Complete shutdown
P. Coking
a. Complete shutdown
Q.
Plastics Manufacturing
a.
Complete shutdown
R. Sulfuric Acid Plant
a. Complete shutdown
4.2.7 Carbon Monoxide Alert Status
When the alert status for carbon monoxide is declared, the following
will be accomplished to reduce emissions of this pollutant.
4-24
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4.2.7.1
General Measures, Alert Status
1.
Transit authorities will be advised to operate at peak-
hour intervals.
2.
An appeal will be made to the public through news media
to curtail unnecessary use of private vehicles and to use
public transit for local travel. (See Section 5.0.)
Sightseeing tours will be cancelled.
3.
4.
Operation of government vehicles will be reduced to higher
. priority needs as defined by officials with the rank of
bureau chief or equivalent.
The public will be further notified of the normal boundaries
of downtown areas where concentrations of carbon monoxide
are highest. Advisories will discourage incursions into
this area, unless absolutely necessary, for the duration
of the episode.
4.2.7.2 Specific Source Curtailment, Alert Status
5.
Action to reduce carbon monoxide emissions will be taken by sources
in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the CO column. The following
describes the action required for each reference symbol.
A.
Public Utility Power Plant
A1.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 70 percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
b.
c.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
d.
C.
Integrated Iron and Steel
C3.
Blast Furnace
a.
Add no new charges.
b.
Ascertain that equipment is operating at maximum
efficiency.
4-25
-------
o.
Secondary Ferrous
01.
02.
03.
Cupola, large
a.
Add no new charges.
b.
Prepare to shut down equipment without controls.
Switch fuel from coal to oil or gas, if appropriate.
c.
Cupola, medium or small
a.
Add no new charges.
Prepare to shut down equipment without controls.
b.
c.
Switch fuel from coal to oi1 or gas, if appropriate.
Electric Arc Furnace
a.
Start no new heats.
b.
Ascertain that plenum hoods, fans, ducts, and air
pollution control equipment, if any, are operating
at maximum efficiency.
c.
Prepare for shutdown.
D4. Reverberatory or other furnace
J.
Pul p Mill s
P.
Coking
S.
Incineration
a.
Reduce to 50 percent of normal operation.
Start no new heats.
a.
b. Ascertain that plenum hoods, fans, ducts, and air
pollution control equipment, if any, are operating
at maximum efficiency.
c.
Prepare for shutdown.
a.
Start no new batches.
b.
Allow processes in operation to phase down.
a.
Start no new batches.
b.
Allow processes in operation to phase down.
4-26
-------
b.
Prepare for shutdown.
W.
Transportation
a.
Comply with instructions specified under
General Measures above.
4.2.8 Carbon Monoxide Warning Status
When the warning status for carbon monoxide is declared, the fol-
lowing emission reduction actions will be taken.
4.2.8.1
4.2.8.2
General Measures, Warning Status
1.
Passenger vehicles entering or operating in the center
city area will be restricted to those carrying four
or more persons, except for outbound vehicles that
have discharged passengers within the restricted area.
The center city area will be defined by the Director.
2.
The public will be notified in advance by news media
that no automobile or truck traffic will be permitted
within the center city area, as defined, if and when
an emergency status for carbon monoxide is declared.
3.
Designated principal avenues will be made one-way out-
bound from the center city area. These shall be desig-
nated by the Director.
4.
All schools and universities will be closed, and all
available school buses will supplement regular public
transit buses in accordance with prearranged plans.
5.
Two hours after the warning status has been declared
with a forecast to continue, all parking meter violations
and restrictions to on-street parking will be suspen-
ded.
6.
Staggered working hours will be in effect in all govern-
ment offices, state, federal, and municipal and in all
private offices which volunteer to do so.
Taxi cruising will be prohibited in all parts of the
city.
7.
8.
All deliveries and refuse collecting will be curtailed.
Specific Source Curtailment, Warning Status
Action to reduce carbon monoxide emissions will be taken by sources
in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the CO column. The fol-
4-27
-------
lowing describes the action required for each corresponding reference
symbol.
A.
Public Utility Plant
Al.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 50 percent of normal load,
or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with con-
tinuing operations.
c.
Increase load at company stations that are out-
side the episode area and divert power into the
area, if advised by the Director that meteoro-
logical conditions so warrant.
Purchase power from power pool.
d.
e.
Prepare to reduce voltage by 5 percent.
C.
Integrated Iron and Steel
C3.
Blast Furnace
a.
Allow existing operation to continue toward
completion, but add no new charges.
Prepare for possible shutdown if an emergency
status is declared.
b.
D.
Secondary Ferrous
Continue steps taken during alert status.
J.
Pulp Mills
P.
Coking
a.
b.
Shut down furnace with air cleaner.
c.
Prepare to shut down furnaces without high
efficiency controls. Add no more metals.
Start no new heats.
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
Prepare for possible shutdown if an emergency
status is declared.
b.
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
4-28
-------
b.
Prepare for possible shutdown if an emergency
status is declared.
s.
Incineration
w.
a.
Cease operation.
Transportation
a.
Comply with instructions specified in General
Measures above.
4-29
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4.2.9 Carbon Monoxide Emergency Status
When the emergency status for carbon monoxide is declared, the following
emission reduction actions will be taken.
4.2.9.1
General Measures, Emergency Status
1.
No automobile or truck traffic will be permitted within the
the center city area except for designated emergency
vehicles.
2.' All unnecessary use of vehicles will be prohibited through-
out the remainder of affected urban areas.
3.
Idling of vehicle engines while the vehicles are parked will
be pr.ohibited.
All stores will be closed except for those engaged in the
sale of food and medicines.
4.
5.
Through bus and truck service will be rerouted to avoid
the center city.
Scheduled bus service will be curtailed.
6.
7.
Scheduled flights originating at Birmingham Airport will
be cancelled. Flights scheduled to terminate at Birmingham
Airport will be diverted to alternate airDorts.
4.2.9.2 Specifi~ So~rce Curta~lment, Emergency Status
Action to reduce carbon monoxide emissions will be taken by sources
in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the CO column. The
followinq describes the action required for each reference symbol.
A.
Public Utility Plant
. ,
Al.
Burning Coal Only
a,
Reduce operations to 35 nercent of normal load, or less.
D.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuinq
oDerations.
c,
Purchase power from power pool as needed.
Continue increased load at company stations outside
the episode area and divert Dower into the area if
advised by Director, Division of Air Pollution
Control, that metedrolo~ical conditions so warrant.
d.
4-30
-------
[
[
,
i
I
C.
Integrated Jron and Steel
C3.
Blast Furnace
D.
Bank fires to continue at minimum level of emissios,
or shut down if possible.
Se~o~dary Ferrous
a.
a.
Complete shutdown of high emission furnaces.
J.
Pulp Mills
a.
Comn1ete shutdown.
P.
Coking
a,
Complete shutdown.
S.
Incineration
a.
Complete shutdown.
w.
TransDortation
a.
Comply with instructions snecified in General Measures
above.
4-31
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4.2.10 Nitrogen Dioxide Alert ~tat~~
When the alert status for nitrogen dioxide is declared, the
following will be accomplished to achieve emission reduction of this
pollutant.
General Measures, Alert Status
~ , , .
4.2.10.1
1.
Solid waste incineration from office buildinqs, apartment
houses, 'and industrial facilities not specifically listed
in Table 3~1 shall be accomolished only between noon and
4100 P,M.~ however, voluntary postponement until episode
termination is desirable.
2.
There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil, or
other material.
3.
Boiler lancing, where required, shall be limited to between
noon and 4100 P.M.
4.
The public transportation interests will be notified and
requested to plan for measures that will be initiated if
the warning status for nitroqen dioxide is declared.
Specifica11yr
b,
Transit authorities will be advised to plan for
peak~hour operations,
An appeal will be made to the public throuqh news
media to curtail unnecessary use of private vehicles
and to use public transit for local travel.
a.
c,
Sightseeing tours will be advised to reduce activity
in preparation for possible cancellation.
Operation of government vehicles will be reduced to
higher priority needs as defined by officials with
the rank of bureau chief or eauivalent.
d.
4,2.10,2
The public will be further notified of the normal
boundaries of city downtown areas where concentrations
of nitrogen oxides tend to be hiqhest. Advisories
will discourage incursions into this area, unless
absolutely necessary, for the duration of the episode.
Specific Source Curtailment, Alert Status
e.
Action to reduce nitrogen dioxide emission will be taken by sources
in Table 3~1 identified by a reference symbol in the N02 column. The
following describes the action required for each corresponding reference
symbol.
4-32
-------
A.
B.
o.
Public Utility Power Plant
Al .
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 75 percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
b.
c.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area.
d.
A2.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
Burninq Coal and Oil, With or Without Availability of Gas
a.
Do not switc~ fuels.
b.
Reduce coal burning to 80 percent of normal load, or
less.
c.
Reduce oil and/or gas burninq to 70 oercent of normal
load, or less.
d.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area.
e.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
Private Boiler (used for power, heat, and/or hot water)
.
f.
B4.
Burning Coal and Oil and/or Gas
a.
Do not switch fuels.
b.
Reduce coal burning to 80 percent of normal load,
or less.
c.
Reduce oil and/or gas burninq to 70 percent of
normal load, or less.
d.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
Secondary Ferrous
02.
Cupola. medium or small
a. Add no new charges.
4-33
-------
J.
Pu1 p Mi 11 s
,
P.
Cokin~
b.
If alternate fuels are available or in use, do not
switch.
c.
Prepare to reduce operations further if warning
status is declared.
a.
If alternate fuels are available. or in use. do not
switch.
b.
Start no new batches.
c. Allow processes in operation to phase down.
a.
If alternate fuels are available, or in use. do not
switch.
b.
Start no new batches.
c. Allow processes in operation to phase down.
Plastics
Q.
a.
If alternate fuels are available, or in use. do not
switch.
b.
Start no new batches.
c. Allow processes in operation to phase down.
U.
Public, Utility Burning Only Gas
Reduce operation to 70 percent of normal load.
a.
W. Transportation
Comply with instructions specified in item 4 in
General Measures ,Alert Status (4.2.10.1) above.
Nitrogen Dioxi~e Warning Status
, ~
4.2.11
a.
When the warning status for nitrogen dioxide is declared. the
following emission reduction actions. will be taken.
4.2.11.1
General Measures, Warning St~tus
Solid waste incineration from office buildings. apartment
houses. and industrial facilities not snecifica11y listed
in Table 3~1 shall be postponed until episode termination.
1.
4-34
-------
4.2.11.2
2.
There shall be no open burning of coal s heavy oils or
other material.
3.
Boiler lancings where requireds will be limited to bet-
ween noon and 4:00 P.M. upon approval of the Director.
Transit authorities will initiate peak operations.
4.
5.
Passenger vehicles entering or operating in the center
city area will be restricted to those carrying four
or more personss except for outbound vehicles that have
discharged passengers within the restricted area.
The center city area will be defined by the Director.
6.
The public will be notified in advance by new media that
no automobile or truck traffic will be permitted within
the center city areas as defineds if and when an emergency
status for nitrogen dioxide is declared.
7.
8.
Sightseeing tours will be cancelled.
Employees of all government offices - federal s state and
municipal - will be dismissed early on a staggered basis.
Private companies will be urged to do likewise.
9.
Designated principal avenues will be made one-way out-
bound from the center city area. These will be desig-
nated by the Director.
10.
All schools and universities will be closeds and all
available school buses will supplement regular public
transit buses in accordance with prearranged plans.
Two hours after the warning status has been declared
with a forecast to continues all parking meter violations
and restrictions to on-street parking will be suspended.
11.
12.
Taxi cruising will be prohibited in all parts of the
city.
13.
All deliveries and refuse collecting will be curtailed.
Specific Source Curtailments Warning Status
Action to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions will be taken by
sources in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the N02 column.
The following describes the action required for each reference symbol.
A.
Public Utility Plant
A1.
Burning Coal Only
4-35
-------
A2.
a.
Reduce operations to 60 percent of normal load,
or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with con-
tinuing operations.
c.
Increase load at company stations that are out-
side the episode area and divert power into the
area, if advised by the Director that meteoro-
logical conditions so warrant.
d.
Purchase power from power pool.
Burning Coal and Oil, With or Without Availability
of Gas
a.
Do not switch fuels.
b.
Reduce operation of oil-firing and gas-firing
boilers to 45 percent of normal load.
Reduce operation of coal-firing boilers to 60
percent of normal load.
c.
d.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with con-
tinuing operations.
Increase load at company stations that are out-
side the episode area and divert power into the
area, if advised by the Director that meteoro-
logical conditions so warrant.
e.
f.
Purchase Dower from power pool.
B.
Private Boiler (used for power, heat and/or hot water)
84.
Burning Coal and Oil and/or Gas
a.
Do not switch fuels.
b.
Reduce operation of oil-firing and gas-firing
boilers to 45 percent of normal load.
Reduce operation of coal-firing boilers to
60 percent of normal load.
c.
d.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with con-
tinuing operations.
D.
Secondary Ferrous
02.
Cupola, medium or small
a.
Prepare for shutdown.
4-36
-------
J. Pulp Mills
a. Prepare for shutdown.
P. Coking
a. Prepare for shutdown.
Q. Plastics
a. Prepare for shutdown.
U. Public Utility Burning Only Gas
W.
a.
Reduce operation to 45 percent of normal load.
Transportation
a.
Comply with instructions specified in items
4 through 13 of General Measures, Warning
Status (4.2.11.1) above.
4-37
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4.2.12 Nitrogen Dioxide Emergency Status
When the emergency status for nitrogen dioxide is declared, the
following emission reduction actions will be taken.
4.2.12.1
General Measures, Emergency Status
1.
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid waste shall
be prohibited.
There shall be no open burning of any kind of fuel, waste
vegetation, refuse, or other material.
2.
3.
During the heating season, the operation of heating units
in all buildings within the affected areas of Alabama,
including public and private office buildings, apartment
houses, shops, hotels, schools, recreational facilities,
libraries, auditoriums, warehouses, etc., but not including
hospitals, sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature settings
no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit.6 .
During the heating season, heating units in single-family
and small mu1ti~family dwellings (six-family units or less)
that are equipped with thermostats shall operate at settings
no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Heating units that
are not regulated by thermostats shall be operated at a rate
that is approximately 20 percent lower than gormal for the
corresponding season and weather conditions.
4.
5.
During the air conditioning season, the operation of central
air conditioning units in all buildings within the affected
areas of Alabama, including public and private office buildings,
apartment houses, hotels shops, schools, recreational facilities,
libraries, auditoriums, warehouses, and single-family and
multi-family dwellings, but not including hospitals, sanatoriums,
children's homes, and homes for the aged and infirm, shall be
at thermostat temperature settings no lower than 80 degrees
Fahrenheit. All room air conditioning units in operation shall
be at the setting that provides the least rate of cooling.6
6Exceptions to this action are. allowed for persons who are aged, infirm,
or ill and under the care of a physician. Exceptions are also allowed under
formal permit for facilities where a drastic change in temperature could
result in irreparable damage, such as computer rooms, environmental labora-
tories, cryogenic materials facilities, hazardous material storages, and
meat lockers.
4-38
-------
6.
All places of employment where larger amounts of power, heat
or hot water are used shall immediately suspend such operations.
The establishments include:
. Wholesale and retail laundries and dry cleaning
establishments
. Beauty shops and other users of electrical or gas
dri ers
. Bakeries of breads, pastries, pizza, etc.
7.
All stores will be closed except for those engaged in the
sale of food and medicines.
8.
All outdoor construction and demolition work will be
suspended until episode termination, except for work that,
if left unfinished, might result in a public hazard.
All commercial and manufacturing establishments not speci-
fically mentioned in this order will institute such actions
as will result in reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions
to the maximum reasonable extent.
9.
10.
Places of employment shall release working personnel ahead
of normal close of day, and on a staggered arrangement
based upon travel time to residence for each employee;
No automobile or truck traffic will be permitted within the
center city area except for designated emergency vehicles.
11.
12.
Unnecessary use of vehicles will be prohibited throughout
the remainder of the affected areas of Alabama.
13.
Idling of vehicle engines while the vehicles are parked will
be prohibited.
14.
Through bus and truck service will be rerouted to avoid the
center city area.
15.
Scheduled bus service will be curtailed in accordance with
prearranged plans.
Scheduled flights originating at Birmingham Airport will be
cancelled. Flights scheduled to terminate at Birmingham
Airport will be diverted to an alternate airport outside the
affected area.
16.
4-39
-------
4.2.12.2 Specific Source Curtailment, Emergency Status
Action to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions will be taken by
sources in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the N02 column.
The following describes the action required for each reference symbol.
A.
Public Utility Plant
Al.
A2.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 45 percent of normal load,
or less..
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
c.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area and divert power into the area, if
advised by Director, Division of Air Pollution Control,
that meteorological conditions so warrant.
Purchase power from power pool.
d.
e.
Prepare to reduce voltage by 8 percent.
Burning Coal and Oil, With or Without Availability of Gas
a.
Do not switch fuels.
b.
Reduce coal-burning operation to 50 percent of normal
load, or less.
c.
Reduce oil-burning and gas-burning operations to 30
percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
d.
e.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area and divert power into the area, if
advised by Director, Division of Air Pollution Control,
that meteorological conditions so warrant
f.
Purchase power from power pool.
g.
Prepare to reduce voltage by 8 percent.
4-40
-------
B.
Private Boiler (used for power, heat, and/or hot water)
B4.
o.
Burning Coal and Oil and/or Gas
a.
00 not switch fuels.
b.
Reduce coal-burning operation to 50 percent of
normal load, or less.
c.
Reduce oil-burning and gas-burning operations to
30 percent of normal load, or less.
Secondary Ferrous
a.
Complete shutdown
J.
Pulp Mills
a.
Complete shutdown
P.
Coking
a.
Complete shutdown.
Q.
Plastics
a.
Complete shutdown.
U.
Public Utility Burning Only Gas
a.
Reduce operation to 25 percent of normal load,
or less.
W. Transportation
a.
Comply with instructions specified in items 10
through 16 of General Measures, Emergency Status
(4.2.12.1) above.
4-41
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4.2.13 Photochemical Oxidants
An episode that follows from photochemical oxidant measurements
that exceeQthe criteria established in sections 3.1.2,3.1.3, 3.1.4 differs
from the other specific pollutant episodes in that:
. The pollutant is not directly found in emissions, but
principally develops in the free air by the action of
sunlight on oxides of nitrogens, hydrocarbons, and
possibly other substances that are already in residence
~n the atmosphere.
. Much of the pollutant measured at a given afternoon hour
may in fact have originated from emissions between 6:00 and
10:00 A.M., possibly from sources located on the order
of a hundred miles upwind.
. High concentrations tend to be more uniformly distributed
throughout the urban area, unlike the other pollutants,
which show high concentrations reasonably close to their
respective sources. This phenomenon may be attributed to
the time delay required for the formation of photochemical
oxidants from resident nitrogen dioxide and hydrocarbons
that have been emitted earlier and have been subjected to
the dispersive forces of atmospheric turbulence.
Preventive action to reduce concentrations should logically begin
during the Episode Watch, following recept of an Atmospheric Stagnation
Advisory the previous day. Realistically, however, justification of early
action that could have high economic impact would be difficult. The
advisory, disseminated by teletype from the National Meteorological Center
about 12:30 P.M., based on 7:00 A.M. data, is not accurate enough for
definitive action on the following day. There is a more substantial basis
for action after the first high concentration of oxidants have been reported.
The objective at that point will be to avert further deterioration on the
next day if no significant change in meteorological conditions is predicted.
To achieve this objective, when the alert status for oxidants is declared,
the following measures will be taken directed to reducing emissions of
nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.
4.2.13.1
General Measures, Alert Status
1.
Solid waste incineration from office buildings, apartment
houses, and industrial facilities not specifically listed
4-42
-------
in Table 3-1 shall be accomplished between noon and 4:00
P.M.; however, voluntary postponement until episode
termination is desirable.
2.
There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil, or
other material.
3.
Boiler lancing, where required, shall be limited to
between noon and 4:00 P.M.
4.
The public transportation interests will be notified and
requested to plan for measures that will be initiated if
the warning status for photochemical oxidants is declared.
Spec ifi ca 11 y :
Transit authorities will be advised to plan for
peak-hour operations.
b. An appeal will be made to the public through news
media to curtail unnecessary use of private vehicles
and to use public transit for local travel.
a.
c.
Sightseeing tours will be advised to reduce activity
in preparation for possible cancellation.
Operation of government vehicles will be reduced to
higher priority needs as defined by officials with
the rank of bureau chief or equivalent.
d.
5.
Fuel oil companies serving domestic users will be advised
through news media to plan on cancelling deliveries if and
when a warning status for oxidants is declared.
Transfer of fuel oil, gasoline, diesel oil, and kerosene to
tank trucks from storage tanks, whether above or below ground,
will be reduced by 50 percent or normal amounts.
6.
7.
Transfer of aviation fuel to tank trucks from storage tanks
at airports will be permitted. However, the airport managers
will be advised that restrictive measures will be imposed if
and when a warning status for oxidants is declared.
4.2.13.2 Specific Source Curtailment, Alert Status
Action to reduce emissions of nitrogen dioxide and hydrocarbons
will be taken by sources in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in
the Ox column. The following describes the action required for each
corresponding reference symbol.
A.
Public Utility Power Plant
Al.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 80 percent of normal load, or less.
4-43
-------
A2.
o.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area.
c.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
Burning Coal and Oil, With or Without Availability of Gas
d.
a.
Reduce coal~burning operations to 85 percent of
normal load, or less, and reduce oil-burning and
gas-burning operations to 70 percent of normal
load, or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operati ons.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area.
c.
d.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
Secondary Ferrous
01.
J.
Pulp Mills
Cupola, large
a.
Add no new charges.
00 not switch fuels, if alternative fuels are
avanable.
b.
a.
Start no new batches.
b.
Allow processes in operation to phase down.
N.
Coal Operations Only (crushing, mixing, cleaning, conveying,
transfer, desulfurization)
P.
b.
Coking
a.
Reduce to 50 percent of normal operation, or less.
Prepare for shutdown
a.
Start no new batches.
Allow processes in operation to phase down.
b.
4-44
-------
Q.
Plastics
a.
Start no new batches.
b.
Allow processes in operation to phase down.
Gas Production (and/or Use as Fuel)
U.
a.
Reduce to 60 percent of normal operation, or less.
Prepare for further reduction if warning status is
declared.
b.
Oil Storage
v.
a.
Reduce transfer of fuel oil, gasoline, diesel oil,
or kerosene from storage tank trucks by at least
50 percent by limiting the number of vehicles to
be serviced or amounts transferred, or both.
W.
Transportation
a.
Comply with instructions specified in items 4
through 7 of General Measures, Alert Status
(4.2.13.1) above.
4.2.14 Photochemical Oxidants Warning Status
When the warning status for oxidants is declared, the following
emission reduction actions will be taken.
4.2.14.1
General Measures, Warning Status
1.
Solid waste incineration from office buildings, apartment
houses, and industrial facilities not specifically listed
in Table 3-1 shall be postponed until episide termination.
There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil, or other
material.
2.
3.
Boiler lancing, where required, will be limited to between
noon and 4:00 P.M. upon approval of the Director, Division
of Air Pollution Control.
4. Transit authorities will initiate peak operations.
4-45
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5.
6.
Sightseeing tours will be cancelled.
Employees of all government offices - federal, state and
municipal - will be dismissed early on a staggered basis.
Private companies will be urged to do likewise.
7.
All schools and universities will be closed, and all
available school buses will supplement regular public
transit buses in accordance with prearranqed plans.
8.
Two hours after the warning status has been declared
with a forecast to continue, all parking meter violations
and restrictions to on-street parking will be suspended.
Taxi cruising will be prohibited in all parts of the city.
9.
10.
All deliveries and refuse collecting will be curtailed.
Sales of gasoline and diesel oil at service stations will
be limited to five gallons per vehicle. However, the
public will be urged to use vehicles only to reach their
intended parking places for the duration of the episode.
11.
12.
Fuel oil deliveries to all users will be suspended, except
to hospitals, sanatoriums, children's homes, homes for the
aged and infirm, and special cases approved by the Director,
Alabama Department of Health.
Aircraft scheduled to terminate their flights at Birmingham
Airport will be diverted to an alternate airport outside
the affected area.
13.
14. Aircraft departures from Birmingham Airport will be separated
by minimum time intervals of seven minutes.
15.
Transfer of fuel oil, gasoline, diesel oil, and kerosene
to tank trucks from storage tanks, whether above or below
ground, will be reduced to 25 percent of normal amounts,
or less.
16.
Run-ups of aircraft engines undergoing maintenance or repair
will be prohibited.
All unnecessary transfer of aviation fuel to tank trucks
from storaqe tanks at airports will be prohibited.
17.
4-46
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4.2.14.2 Specific Source Curtailment, Warning Status
Action to reduce emissions of nitrogen dioxide and hydrocarbons
will be taken by sources in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in
the Ox column. The following describes the action required for each
corresponding reference symbol.
A.
Public Utility Power Plant
Al.
A2.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 70 percent of normal load, or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
c.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area
upon approval of the Director, Division of
Air Pollution Control.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
Burning Coal and Oil, With or Without Availability of Gas
d.
a.
Do not switch fuels.
b.
Reduce coal-burning operations to 75 percent of
normal load, or less.
c.
Reduce oil-burning and gas-burning operations to
50 percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
d.
e.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area
upon approval of the Director, Division of Air
Pollution Control.
f.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
4-47
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D.
01.
Secondary Ferrous
Cupola, large
J.
Pulp Mills
a.
Continue steps taken under alert status.
Prepare for shutdown if emergency status is declared.
b.
a.
Reduce operation to minimum that can be sustained
short of complete shutdown.
b.
Prepare for shutdown if emergency status is declared.
N.
Coal Operations Only (crushing, mixing, cleaning, conveying,
transfer, desulfurization
P. Coking
a.
b.
Q. Plastics
a.
Complete shutdown of operations.
Reduce operation to minimum that can be sustained
short of complete shutdown.
Prepare for shutdown if emergency status is declared.
a.
Reduce operation to minimum that can be sustained
short of complete shutdown.
b.
Prepare for shutdown if emergency status
is declared.
U.
Gas Production (and/or Use As Fuel)
a.
Reduce to 30 percent of normal operations, or less.
Prepare for complete shutdown if emergency status
is declared.
b.
v.
Oil Storage Facilities
a.
Reduce transfer of fuel oil, gasoline, diesel oil,
or kerosene from storage tanks to tank trucks to
25 percent or less of amounts transferred in normal
operations.
4-48
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W.
4.2.15
Transportation
a.
Comply with instructions specified in items 4
through 17 of General Measures, Warning Status
(4.2.14.1) above.
Photochemical Oxidants Emergency Status
When the emergency status for oxidants is declared, the following
emission reduction actions will be taken.
4.2.15.1
General Measures, Emergency Status
1.
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid waste shall be
prohibited.
2.
There shall be no open burning of any kind of fuel, waste,
vegetation, refuse, or other material.
3.
During the heating season, the operation of heating units
in all buildings within affected areas of Alabama,
including public and private office buildings, apartment
houses, shops, hotels, schools, recreational facilities
libraries, auditoriums, warehouses, etc., but not including
h~spitals, sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for
the aged and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature
settings no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit.7
During the heating season, heatin~ units in single-family
and small multi-family dwellings (six-family units or less)
that,are equipped with thermostats shall operate at settings
no hlgher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Heating units that
are not regulated by thermostats shall be operated at a
rate that is approximately 20 percent lower than normal for
the corresponding season and weather conditions.7
4.
7Exceptions to this action are allowed for persons who are aged,
infirm, or ill and under the care of a physician. Exceptions are also
allowed under formal permit for facilities where a drastic change in
temperature could result in irreparable damage, such as computer rooms,
environmental laboratories, cryogenic materials facilities, hazardous
material storages, and meat lockers.
4-49
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5.
During the air conditioning season, the operation of
central air conditioning units in all buildings within
the affected areas of Alabama, including public and private
office buildings, apartment houses, hotels, shops, schools,
recreational facilities, libraries, auditoriums, warehouses,
and single-family and multi-family dwellings, but not
including hospitals, sanatoriums,children's homes, and
homes for the aged and infirm, shall be at thermostat
temperature settings no lower than 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
All room air conditioning units in operation shall be at
the setting that provides the least rate of cooling.7
6.
All places of employment where larger amounts of power,
heat or hot water are used shall immediately suspend
such operations. The establishments include:
. Wholesale and retail laundries and dry cleaning
establishments
. Beauty shops and other users of electrical or gas
dri ers
. Bakeries of breads, pastries, pizza, etc.
. Public baths, steam rooms, and heated swimming pools
7.
All stores will be closed except for those engaged in the
sale of food and medicines.
7See Footnote 7 on preceding page.
4-50
-------
4.2.15.2.
8.
All outdoor construction and demolition work will be
suspended until episode termination, except for work
that left unfinished, might result in a public hazard.
All commercial and manufacturing establishments not
specifically mentioned in this order will institute such
actions as will result in reduction of nitrogen oxides
and hydrocarbon emissions to the maximum reasonable extent.
9.
Places of employment shall release working personnel ahead
of normal close of day, and on a staggered arrangement
based upon travel time to residence for each employee.
11.' All unnecessary use of vehicles will be prohibited through-
out all of the affected areas of Alabama.
10.
12.
Idling of vehicle engines while the vehicles are parked
will be prohibited. .
13.
Through bus and truck service will be rerouted to highways
outside the affected areas of Alabama.
14.
Scheduled bus service will be curtailed in accordance with
prearranged plan.
Scheduled flights originating at Birmingham will be cancelled.
Flights scheduled to terminate at Birmingham Airport will
be diverted to alternate airport outside the affected areas.
15.
16.
Aircraft departures for through flights will be separated
by minimum time intervals of fifteen minutes at Birmingham
Airport and ten minutes at Mobile Airport.
All unnecessary transfer of aviation fuel to tank trucks
at airports will be prohibited.
17 .
18.
Run-ups of aircraft engines undergoing maintenance or
repair will be prohibited.
Sales of gasoline and diesel oil at service stations will
be prohi bited.
19.
Fuel oil deliveries to hospitals, sanatoriums, children's
homes, homes for the aged and infirm, and special cases
approved by the Director, Alabama Department of Healths
will be made only in response to emergency calls. Fuel
oil deliveries to all other users will be suspended.
Specific Source Curtailments Emergency Status
20.
Action to reduce emissions of nitrogen dioxide and hydrocarbons
will be taken by sources in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in
the Ox column. The following describes the action required for each reference
symbol.
4-51
-------
A.
Public Utility Power Plant
Al.
A2.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 55 percent of normal load,
or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
c.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area,
upon the approval of the Director, Division of Air
Pollution Control.
d.
Purchase power from power pool, as required.
e.
Prepare to lower voltage by 5 percent.
Burning Coal and Oil With or Without Availability of Gas
a.
Reduce coal-burning operations to 60 percent of
normal load, or less.
b.
Reduce oil-burning and gas-burning operations to
30 percent of normal load, or less.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
c.
d.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area,
upon the approval of the Director, Division of Air
Pollution Control.
e.
Purchase power from power pool, as required.
f.
Prepare to lower voltage by 5 percent.
D.
Secondary Ferrous
Complete shutdown.
J.
Pu 1 P Mill s
a.
a.
Complete shutdown.
N.
Coal Operations Only (crushing, mixing, cleaning, conveying,
transfer, desulfurization)
a.
Complete shutdown.
4-52
-------
P.
Q.
U.
W.
Coki ng
a.
Complete shutdown.
P1 as ti cs
a. Complete shutdown
Gas Production (and/or use as fuel)
a. Suspend all transfer operations until episode
termination.
Transportation
a. Comply with instructions specified in items 10
through 20 of General Measures, Emergency Status
(4.2.15.1) above.
4.3 GENERAL EPISODE EMISSION REDUCTION PLAN
In the event that ambient concentrations of three or more pollutants
simultaneously reach or exceed their respective episode criteria, and no
improvement in meteorological conditions is predicted for the next twelve
hours, a general alert, warning, or emergency status will be declared.
If the individual pollutant levels correspond to a different episode status,
the declared general status will be the highest status level.
4.3.1
General Alert Status
When the general alert status is declared, the following will be
accomplished to reduce pollutant emissions.
4.3.1 .1
General Measures, Alert Status
1.
Solid or liquid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and other industrial facilities not
specifically listed in Table 3-1 shall be accomplished
only between noon and 4:00 P.M; however, voluntary post-
ponement until episode termination is desirable.
2.
There shall be no open burning of tree waste, vegetation,
refuse, or debris in any form.
3.
Soot blowing or boiler lancing on fuel-burning equipment,
if required, shall be accomplished only between noon and
4:00 P.M.
4.
Transit authorities will be advised to intiate peak
operations. .
5.
An appeal will be made to the public through news media
to curtail unnecessary use of private vehicles and to use
public transit for local traveJ.
4-53
-------
4.3.1.2
6.
7.
Sightseeing tours will be cancelled..
Operation of government vehicles will be reduced to
higher priority needs as defined by officials with the
rank of bureau chief or equivalent.
8.
The public will be further notified of the normal
downtown boundaries of affected cities in Alabama
where pollutant concentrations are highest. Advisories
will discourage incursions into this area unless ab-
solutely necessary, for the duration of the episode.
The center city area will be defined by the Director.
9.
Gasoline and diesel oil deliveries to service stations
will be curtailed.
10.
Fuel oil deliveries to industrial users will be cur-
ta il ed .
11.
Fuel oil companies serving domestic users will be ad-
vised through news media to plan on cancelling deliveries
if and when a general warning status is declared.
Transfer of fuel oil, gasoline, diesel oil, and kero-
sene to tank trucks from storage tanks, whether above
or below ground, will be reduced by 50 percent of nor.
mal amounts.
12.
13.
Transfer of aviation fuel to tank trucks from storage
tanks at airports will be permitted. However, the
airport managers will be advised that restrictive mea-
sures will be imposed if and when a warning status for
oxidants is declared.
Specific Source Curtailment, Alert Status
Action to reduce pollutant emissions will be taken by the sources
in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the General Episode
column. The following describe the action required for each corresponding
reference symbol.
A. Public Utility Power Plant
A1.
Burning Co~l Only
a.
Reduce operations to 70 percent of normal
load, or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with
continuing operations.
4-54
-------
B.
c.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area.
A2.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
Burning Coal and Oil, With or Without Availability of Gas
d.
a.
Reduce load on coal-firing boilers to 60 percent of
normal load, or less.
b.
Reduce load on oil-firing boil ers to 70 percent of
normal load, or less.
Reduce load on gas-firing boil ers to 80 percent of
normal load, or less.
c.
d.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area, and divert power into the area.
Purchase power from power pool, if available, or
prepare to do so.
e.
Private Boiler (used for power, heat, and/or hot water)
B1.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 75 percent of normal load,
or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
B4.
Burning Coal and Oil and/or Gas
a. Reduce load on coal-firing boilers to 60 percent
of normal 1 oa d , or 1 e s s.
b. Reduce load on oil-firing boilers to 70 percent
of normal load, or less.
c. Reduce load on gas-firing boi 1 ers to 80 percent
of ,normal load, or less.
d.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with continuing
operations.
4-55
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Integrated Iron and Steel
Prepare to stop slag quenching, incineration, and scarfing
operations and prepare to operate coke plant for minimum
emissions.
C.
o.
C1.
Open Hearth Furnaces
a.
Make no new heats.
b.
Ascertain that emission control equipment, if any,
is operating at maximum efficiency.
c.
Prepare for shutdown of units with no high-efficiency
air pollution controls.
C3.
Blast Furnace
a.
Add no new charges.
C4.
Ascertain that equipment is operating at maximum
efficiency.
Sintering
b.
a.
Reduce operation to 50 percent of normal load.
Secondary Ferrous
01.
Cupola, large
a.
Add no new charges.
b.
Prepare to shut down equipment without controls.
Switch fuel from coal to oil or gas, if appropriate.
c.
02.
Cupola, medium or small
a.
Add no new charges.
Prepare to shut down equipment without controls.
b.
c.
Switch fuel from coal to oil or gas, if appropriate.
03.
Electric Arc Furnace
a.
Start no new heats.
4-56
-------
b.
Ascertain that plenum hoods. fans. ducts. and air
pollution control equipment, if any, are operating
at maximum efficiency.
G.
Electro-Metals and Refractories
c.
Prepare for shutdown.
a.
Add no new charges.
Prepare to shut down equipment without controls.
b.
H.
Primary Aluminum
a.
Add no new charges.
b.
Curtail high-emission auxiliary processes such as
chlorine blowing.
I.
Brick Manufacture
J. . Pul p Mi 11 s
a.
Start no new batches.
b.
Allow processes in operation to phase down.
a.
Start no new batches.
b. Allow processes in operation to phase down.
Cement Manufacture, Lime Kilns
M.
a.
Start no new batches.
b: Allow processes in operation to phase down.
N.
Stone, Coal, Mineral, Sand (crushing,mixing, cleaning.
conveying, transfer)
a.
Reduce to 50 percent of normal operation.
Prepare for shutdown.
b.
o.
Clay Processes
a.
Reduce to 50 percent of normal operation.
Prepare for shutdown.
b.
4-57
-------
P. Coking
a. Start no new batches.
b. Allow processes in operation to phase down.
Q. Plastics
a. Start no new batches.
b. Allow processes in operation to phase down.
R. Sulfuric Acid Manufacture
a.
Start no new batches.
b.
Allow processes in operation to phase down.
S.
Incineration
a.
Reduce to 50 percent of normal operation.
b.
Prepare for shutdown.
1.
Fertilizer Manufacture
a.
Start no new batches.
Allow processes in operation to phase down.
b.
4-58
-------
v.
W.
Oil Storage
a.
Reduce transfer of fuel oil t gasolinet diesel
kerosene from storage tanks to tank trucks by
50 percent by limiting the number of vehicles
serviced or amounts transferred, or both.
oil t or
at least
to be
Transportation
a.
Comply with instructions in items 4 through 13 of
General Measures~lert Status (4.3.1.1) above.
4.3.2 General Warning Status
When the general warning status is declaredt the following emission
reduction actions will be taken.
4.3.2.1
General Measurest Warning Status
1.
Solid waste incineration from all office buildings, apartment
houses, and other industrial facilities not specifically
listed in Table 3-1 shall be postponed until episode termi-
nation.
2.
There shall be no open burning of coal t heavy oil t or other
material.
3.
Boiler lancing and soot blowingt where requiredt will be
limited to between noon and 4:00 P.M. upon approval of
the Directort Division of Air Pollution Control.
Passenger vehicles entering or operating in the center city
area will be restricted to those carrying four or more persons
except for outbound vehicles that have discharged passengers
within the restricted area.
4.
5. The public will be notified by news media that no automobile
or truck traffic will be permitted within the center city
area, as defined, if and when a general emergency status is
declared.
6.
Designated principal avenues will be made one-w~y outbound
from the center city. These shall be designated by the
Director.
7.
All schools and universities will be closedt and all avail-
able school buses will supplement regular public transit
buses in accordance with prearranged plans.
4-59
-------
8.
Two hours after the warning status has been declared, and
is forecast to continue, all parking meter violations and
restrictions to on-street parking will be suspended.
Staggered work hours will be in effect in all government
offices - federal, state, and municipal and in as many
private offices as volunteer to do so.
9.
10.
Taxi cruising will be prohibited in all parts of Anniston,
Birmingham, and Mobile.
All deliveries and refuse collecting will be curtailed.
ll.
12.
Operation of government vehicles will be reduced to higher
priority needs as defined by officials with the rank of
bureau chief or equivalent.
13.
Sales of gasoline and diesel oil at service stations will
be limited to five gallons per vehicle. However, the public
will be urged to use vehicles only to reach their intended
parking places for the duration of the episode.
Fuel oil deliveries to all users will be suspended, except
to hospitals, sanatoriums, children's homes, homes for the
aged and infirm, and special cases approved by the Director.
14.
15.
Aircraft scheduled to terminate their flights at Birmingham
Airport will be diverted to alternate airports outside the
affected area.
16.
Aircraft departures from Birmingham Airport will be separated
by minimum time intervals of seven minutes.
Transfer of fuel oil, gasoline, diesel oil, and kerosene to
tank trucks from storage tanks, whether above or below
ground, will be reduced to 25 percent of normal amounts,
or less.
17.
Run-ups of aircraft engines undergoing maintenance or repair
will be prohibited.
4.3.2.2 Specific Source Curtailment, Warning Status
18.
Action to reduce
Table 3-1 identified by
The following describes
symbol.
pollutant emissions will be taken by sources in
a reference symbol in the General Episode column.
the action required for each corresponding reference
A.
Public Utility Plant
Al.
Burning Coal Only
4-60
-------
A2.
a.
Reduce operations to 50 percent of normal load,
or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with con-
tinuing operations.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area and divert power into the area,
if advised by the Director that meteorological
conditions so warrant.
c.
d.
Purchase power from power pool.
Burning Coal and Oil, With or Without Availability
of Gas
a.
Reduce load on coal-firing boilers to 45 percent
of normal load, or less.
Reduce load on oil-firing boilers to 55 percent
of normal load, or less.
b.
c.
Reduce load on gas-firing boilers to 65 percent
of normal load, or less.
d.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area and divert power into the area,
if advised by the Director that meteorological
conditions so warrant.
e.
Purchase power from power pool.
B.
Private Boiler (used for power, heat, and/or hot water)
B1.
B4.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 50 percent of normal load,
or less.
b.
Reduce steel load demands consistent with con-
tinuing operations.
Burning Coal and Oil and/or Gas
a.
Reduce load on coal-firing boilers to 45 percent
of normal load, or less.
Reduce load on oil-firing boilers to 55 percent
of normal load, or less.
b.
c.
Reduce load on gas-firing boilers to 65 percent
of normal load, or less.
d.
Reduce steel load demands consistent with con-
tinuingoperations.
4~f)1
-------
C.
Integrated Iron and Steel
Continue all steps taken during alert status. Increase
coking time, Stop slag quenching, incineration, and scarfing.
Cl.
Open Hearth Furnaces.
a.
Begin banking operations.
C3.
Blast Furnace
a.
Allow existing operation to continue toward com-
pletion, but add no new charges.
Prepare for possible shutdown if emergency status
is declared.
b.
C4.
Sintering
a.
Cease operations.
D.
Secondary Ferrous, all
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
Shut down furnaces without air cleaners.
b.
c.
Prepare to shut down furnaces without high efficiency
controls. Add no more metal. Start no new heats.
G.
Electro-Metals and Refractories
a.
Begin shutdown.
H.
Primary Al uminum
a.
Add no new charges to pots.
b.
Cease all auxiliary processes.
1.
Brick Manufacture
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
J.
Pulp Mills
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
M.
Cement Manufacture, Lime Kilns
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
4-62
-------
N.
Stone, Coal, Mineral, Sand: (crushing, mixing, cleaning,
conveying, transfer)
a.
Cease operations.
O.
Clay Processes
a.
Cp.ase operations.
Q.
Plastics
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
R.
Sulfuric Acid Manufacture
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
S.
Incineration
a.
Cease operations.
T.
Fertilizer Manufacture
a.
Continue steps taken during alert status.
v.
Oil Storage
a.
Transfer of fuel oil,
kerosene from storage
reduced to 25 percent
in normal operations.
gasoline, diesel oil, or
tanks to tank trucks will be
or less of amounts transferred
W.
Transportation
Comply with instructions in items 4 throu~h 18 of
General Measures, Warning Status (4.3.2.1) above.
4.3.3 General Emergency Status
a.
When the General Emergency Status is declared, the following emission
reduction actions will be taken~
4.3.3.1
General Measures, Emergency Status
1.
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid waste shall be
prohibited.
2.
There shall be no open burning of any kind of fuel, waste,
vegetation, refuse, or other material.
4-63
-------
3.
During the heating season, the operation of heating units
in all buildings within affected areas of Alabama, including
public and private office buildings, apartment houses, shops,
hotels, schools, recreational facilities, libraries, audi-
toriums, warehouses, etc., but not including hospitals,
sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the aged and
infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature settings no higher
than 60 degrees Fahrenheit.S
4.
During the heating season, heating units in single-family
and small multi-family dwellings (six-family units or less)
that are equipped with thermostats shall operate at settings
~o higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Heating units that
are not regulated by thermostats shall be operated at a
rate that is approximately 20 percent lower thansnormal for
the corresponding season and weather conditions.
During the air conditioning season, the operation of cen-
tral air conditioning units in all buildings within the
affected areas of Alabama, including public and private
office buildings, apartment houses, hotels, shops, schools,
recreational facilities, libraries, auditoriums, warehouses,
and single-family and multi-family dwellings, but not including
hospitals, sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged and infirm, shall be at thermos tate temperature settings
no lower than SO degrees Fahrenheit. All room air conditioning
units in operation sha~l be at the setting that provides the
least rate of cooling.
6. All places of employment where larger amounts of power,
heat or hot water are used shall immediately suspend such
operations.
5.
The establishments include:
. Wholesale and retail laundries and dry cleaning
establishments;
. Beauty shops and other users of electrical or gas
driers;
. Bakeries of breaders, pastries, pizza, etc.;
. Public baths, steam rooms, and heated swimming pools.
All outdoor construction and demolition work will be sus-
pended until episode termination, except for work that, if
left unfinished, might result in a public hazard.
S Exceptions to this action are allowed for persons who are aged, infirm,
or ill and under the care of a physician. Exceptions are also allowed under
formal permit for facilities where a drastic change in temperature could
result in irreparable damage, such as computer rooms, environmental laboratories,
cryogenic materials facilities, hazardous material storages, and meat lockers.
7.
4-64
-------
All commercial and manufacturing establishments not
specifically mentioned in this order will institute
such actions as will result in reduction of pollutant
emissions to the maximum reasonable extent.
8.
All stores will be closed except for those engaged
in the sale of food and medicines.
Places of employment shall release working personnel
ahead of normal close of day, and on a staggered ar-
rangement based upon travel time to residence for
each employee.
9.
10.
All unnecessary use of vehicles will be prohibited
throughout all of the affected areas of Alabama.
Idling of vehicle engines while the vehicles are
parked will be prohibited.
11.
12.
4.3.3.2
Specific Source Curtailment, Emergency Status
Action to reduce particulate emissions will be taken by sources
in Table 3-1 identified by a reference symbol in the General Episode column.'
The following describe the action required for each corresponding reference
symbol.
A.
Public Utility Plant
Burning Coal Only
A1.
A2.
a.
Reduce operations to 30 percent of normal load,
or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with con-
tinuing operations.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area and divert power into the area,
if advised by the Director that meteorological
conditions so warrant.
c.
d.
Purchase power from power pool.
Reduce line voltage by 8 percent of normal.
e.
Burning Coal and Oil, With or Without Availability
of Gas
a.
Reduce load on coal-firing boilers to 25 percent
of normal load, or less.
b.
Reduce load on oil-firing boilers to 35 percent of
normal load, or less.
4-65
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c.
Reduce load on gas-firing boilers to 45 percent of
normal load, or less.
d.
Increase load at company stations that are outside
the episode area and divert power into the area,
if advised by the Director that meteorological
conditions so warrant.
e.
Purchase power from power pool.
f.
Reduce line voltage by 8 percent of normal.
B. ,Private Boiler (used for power, heat, and/or hot water)
C.
B1.
Burning Coal Only
a.
Reduce operations to 30 percent of normal load,
or less.
b.
Reduce steam load demands consistent with con-
tinuing plant operations.
B4.
Burning Coal and Oil and or Gas
a.
Reduce load on coal-firing boilers to 25 percent
of normal load, or less.
b.
Reduce load on oil-firing boilers to 35 percent
of normal load, or less.
c.
Reduce load on gas-firing boilers to 45 percent
of normal load, or less.
Integrated Iron and Steel
a.
Continue all steps taken during warning status.
b.
Reduce coke operations to a minimum.
Cl.
Complete shutdown of all furnaces without high
efficiency controls.
Open hearth furnaces
c.
a.
Bank fires to continue at minimum level of emis-
sions, or shut down if possible.
C3.
Blast furnaces
a.
Bank fires to continue at minimum level of emis-
sions, or shut down if possible.
4-66
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C4.
Sintering
a.
Remain shut down.
D.
Secondary Ferrous, all
a.
Complete shutdown of high emission furnaces.
G.
Electro-Metals and Refractories
a.
Continue shutdown.
H. 'Primary Aluminum
a.
Add no new charges to pots.
Shut down all auxiliary processes.
b.
I.
Brick Manufacture
a.
Remain shut down.
J.
Pulp Mills
a.
Remain shut down.
M.
Cement Manufacture, Lime Kilns
a.
Remain shut down.
N.
Stone, Coal, Mineral, Sand (crushing, mixing, cleaning,
conveying, transfer)
a.
Remain shut down.
o. Clay Processes
a. Remain shut down.
Q. Plastics
a. Remain shut down.
R. Sulfuric Acid Manufacture
a. Remain shut down.
S. Incineration
a. Remain shut down.
4-67
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T.
Fertilizer Manufacture
a.
Remain shut down.
v.
Oil Storage
a.
Suspend all transfer operations until episode
termination.
w. Transportation
a.
Comply with instructions in items 10 through
12 of General Measures, Emergency Status
(4.3.3.1) above.
4-68
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5.0 EPISODE OPERATIONS
This section of the plan identifies the information and control center
for episode action(s), describes its physical layout, and specifies the
attendant manning required for each operating mode.
5.1
STATE EMERGENCY ACTION CENTER (SEAC)
The information and control center for episode action is henceforth to
be known as the State Emergency Action Center, or SEAC. It will be located
in the office of the Director, Division of Air Pollution Control, State
Office Building, Montgomery, where suitable quarters are being obtained
for the anticipated expansion in programs, services, personnel, and resources.
The SEAC site will meet the following requirements:
. Proximity to higher authority, primarily the Chairman,
Alabama Air Pollution Control Commission; the Director,
Department of Public Health; and the Governor
. Availability of physical space
. Availability of emergency power and communication links
. Accessibility to supporting services (analytical laboratory,
new media, meteorological services)
. Accessibility for emergency technical staff response.
Though not manned at all times, the SEAC will retain its identity and
not be merely a temporary conversion of an existing office or desk. The
essential consideration here is to have an identifiable location specifically
associated with emergency actions.
5.1.1
Physical Layout
While the layout of the SEAC room will depend on the size, shape,
door and window locations, and other features of the actual room, it will be
adequate to accommodate the staff and equipment required during full
activation as specified in Section 5.1.5.3. At least one wall will be free
from windows or other obstructions to enable the mounting of display
material.
5-1
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The wall display will include base maps of Birmingham and Mobile
and a base map of the entire state ruled to show Universal Transverse
Mercator (UTM) grid spaces. All major point sources and mointoring sites
will be prominently shown. The maps will be mounted so that they can be
overlaid with sheets of acetate or similar material on which isopleths or
other useful information may be entered. Data displays will also include
charts with moveable markers, preferably magnetic, for all data points.
Space will also be allocated to file cabinets, teletypes for
meteorological and air quality data, and clipboard displays for trimmed
teletype copy.
5.1.2 Data Displays
Displays of trends and other data will be kept up to date between
episodes, not only to maintain "ready" status but also to keep the organi-
zation episode minded. The data points on display will be highest among
all synoptic reports from monitoring sites. In non-episode situations,
only the high and low for each day and pollutant will be shown. During
an Episode Watch or declared episode status, readings will be posted
every two hours. In order that observed concentrations can be compared
with baseline data, the latter will consist of daily high and low readings
for each pollutant for the preceding two weeks. Criteria levels will be
shown on the chart for each pollutant. A reported pollutant concentration
that reaches or exceeds 50 percent of the alert level for that pollutant
will be brought to the attention of the Division Director, or in his
absence, to a designated staff engineer or administrator.
At the top of each chart will be a removable large shingle on which
the words "ALERT", "WARNING", or "EMERGENCY" wi 11 appear correspond; ng to
the declared episode status. In the event a general episode is declared,
the current general episode status will be shown on a separate plaque or
poster.
5-2
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5.1.3 Operating Modes
The operating modes of the State Emergency Action Center will be
as foll ows:
Routine Surveillance - when no episode or Episode Watch has
been declared.
Partial Activation - when an Episode Watch is put into effect.
Fu11 Activation - when an episode status has been declared.
5.1.4 SEAC Manning
Manning of the SEAC will be adequate for execution and accomplishment
of the surveillance, communications, and operational requirements of the
operational mode in effect.
5.1.4.1
Routine Surveillance
During normal operations between episodes, meteorological and air
quality data will be routinely received and posted by an assigned member
of the SEAC clerical or secretarial staff.
5.1.4.2 Partial Activation
SEAC manning during a partial activation will consist of the
following personnel, as a minimum. Assignments will be rotated on a shift
basis in order to provide continuous 24-hour per day coverage.
Coordinator - A senior staff engineer, administrator, or
meteorologist who is acting in charge of the SEAC during this
operational mode. His duties include:
. Verification of air quality trends and meteorological
predictions
. Maintaining co'ntact with appropriate decision-makers,
including the Division Director and offices of higher
authorities
. Assuring the dissemination of preliminary notices on
impending abatement
5-3
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. Keeping news media fully informed of developments
. Notifying the Federal Emergency Operation Control
Center and if appropriate, the Emergency Action
Center of the neighboring state or states that may
be affected.
Data Specialist - An engineer or engineer technician.
duties include:
His
.
Receiving, validating, and analyzing incoming air
quality data
. Maintaining contact with designated staff members of
the National Weather Services
. Maintaining data interchange with the state air
pollution control agencies of Tennessee, Mississippi,
Georgia, and Florida, and with appropriate local
agencies of these states.
Abatement Engineer - Staff engineer or engineer technician.
His duties include:
. Contacting the principal point sources to initiate
preparatory measures in accordance with pre-planned
schedules (See Section 4.0)
. Dispatching and maintaining contact with field
inspectors for intensified source surveillance
. Dispatching and maintaining contact with mobile air
sampling uryits for intensified air quality
surveillance.
5.1.4.3 Full Activation
SEAC manning during a full activation mode will not only require
maximum utilization of the total available office force, but may also
require the participation of outside or part-time consultants in accordance
with prior arrangements. In addition to the personnel ~ssignments above,
the following specialties will be represented.
Consultant meteorologist
Environmental health physician
Attorney - experienced in legal aspects of air pollution
abatement.
5-4
-------
Transportation specialist - principally on problems relating
to curtailment or cessation of private automobile and truck
traffi c.
Communications engineer or public relations specialist - to
handle information to public safety agencies, hospitals,
physicians, the telephone company, and the general public
via emergency radio and news media.
Senior Clerk - to document all activity, orders, declarations,
and decisions during the episode, and to log arrivals and
departures of all staff and outside personnel and their
participation in these actions. This document will be known
as the Episode logbook.
5.1.4.4
Termination
SEAC manning following a declaration of episode termination will
revert from full activation to partial activation for a period of two hours,
and. then to the routine surveillance mode. This orderly transition to
deactivation will provide time for a quick review and assessment of the
event and a check on all reports, data, and documentation - including the
Episode logbook - that may be needed for an after-action report and other
purposes.
5.2 INTERSTATE COOPERATION
.Meteorological conditions that are conducive to episode development
in Alabama often extend into portions of one or more of the neighboring
states. It is, therefore, of concern to residents of an affected area that
source emissions which contribute to large-scale, interstate episodes be
reduced. .'Hence, effecti ve air quality management in general and epi sode
avoidance in particular require coordinated action programs that involve
representatives from adjacent states as well as the State of Alabama.
This fact is basic to prior implementation plans for controlling sulfur
oxide and particulate air pollutants proposed for a number of interstate
air quality control regions pursuant to the Air Quality Act of 1967. The
validity of this approach will receive continued recognition through
cooperative and coordinated action with air pollution control agencies of
adjacent states on an ad-hoc basis and through informal sessions for
planning and review.
5-5
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Within one year, the State of Alabama will meet with other states to
develop intergovernmental cooperation for meteorological monitoring,
episode avoidance and abatement, source information exchange, and air
quality systems. Participants will include officials from the following
adjacent state agencies.for episodes in the specified areas.
Episodes in the Mobi1e-Sa1co Area
.Mississippi Air and Water Control Commission
P. O. Box 827
Jackson, Mississippi 39205
Telephone: (601) 354-6783
Director, Division of Air Pollution: Jack H. Curry
State of Florida Department of Air and Water Pollution Control
315 South Calhoun Street
Tallahassee, Florida 32301
Telephone: (904) 224-9151
Executive Director: Vincent D. Patton
Episodes in the Phenix City-Columbus Area (primary sources
in Georgia)
Georgia Air Quality Control Branch
47 Trinity Avenue, S. W.
Atlanta, Georqia 30330
Telephone: (404) 656-4867
Director: Robert H. Co11ons, Jr.
Episodes in the Tennessee Valley
Tennessee Department of Health
Division of Air Pollution Control
C2-212 Cordell Hull Building
Nashville, Tennessee 37219
Telephone: (615) 741-2061
Director: H. L. Hodges
5-6
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1------
6.0 EPISODE COMMUNICATIONS
Since emergency episodes call for specific action by many emitters of
air pollution, both public and private, the episode plan is perhaps the
most highly visible portion of the activities of an air pollution program.
The communications must be extremely well worked out prior to the action
required during an actual episode. Since the atmospheric conditions
involved are th~se which could lead to imminent and substantial endanger-
ment of human health, the public will be intensely interested in receiving
rapid updates on the status of the condition.
6.1
COMMUNICATIONS CENTER
The State Emergency Action Center will be the single contact point
for the dissemination of information. Except for matters of purely local
importance, local agencies will refer requests for information from the
news media and other sources to the SEAC or will disseminate communications
releases originating from the SEAC.
6.2 INTERAGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
Local programs within the State of Alabama will operate as an integral
part of the state program and communications will be on an informal, free-
flowing basis between the SEAC and affected local agencies. When simultaneous
communication between staff members of the respective agencies is necessary,
conference calls between the various offices will be set up.
Communication with other states and with EPA will be handled on a
formal, well-documented basis. A log sheet will be kept for each communi-
cation (normally by telephone) with another state or with EPA. This log
sheet will identify the date and time of the telephone call, the name of
the party who initiated the call and.the name of the responder. The
message and conversation should be noted in sufficient detail that the
sense of the message can be gathered by a later reading of this log sheet.
6-1
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6.3 COMMUNICATION WITH SOURCES
The reduction of emissions during an episode is accomplished by
actions taken by emission sources on a voluntary or mandatory basis.
When an Episode Watch is initiated, the Coordinator will contact his list
of sources who have offered to voluntarily cut back some portion of their
operations during these conditions. The Coordinator will be sensitive to
the pollutant burden in the area and use judgment in contacting sources so
that unnecessary interference with the normal flow of business does not
occur. A log sheet will be kept of such telephone calls for future
reference.
When a stage requiring mandatory emission reduction from emmission
sources is activated, the Abatement Engineer will make telephone or
telegraph contact with the point sources who must reduce emissions in
accordancejw1th the pre-planned schedule for the affected region and for
the specific pollutants which must be controlled. A recprd .wi)l be~kep~
of all such contacts.
6.4 COMMUNICATIONS WITH NEWS MEDIA
The news media playa key role during an emergency episode, since
they act as a pipeline between the control agency and the general public,
and allow the agency to inform the public as to the specific actions they
should be taking to reduce pollution and to avoid damage to themselves.
In addition, the news media will be used to alert many general categories
of emission sources which are both too numerous to reach by telephone and
do not have any central organization to contact.
Contact with news media will be the responsibility of the Coordinator, or
the Director, Division of Air Pollution Control, or the Governor of Alabama.
There will be no contact with the me~ia by any other staff member during an
episode. It is particularly important that the telephone switchboard direct
all calls from news media only to the designated contact in order to prevent
interruptions and delays in the communications within the SEAC.
6-2
-------
Pre-planned news releases will be distributed any time there is an
activation or deactivation of an episode level. Since public awareness
is so intense in air pollution, there will be numerous requests for
expanded information and the procedure must be pre-planned to determine
the cutoff point at which these requests will be accepted or rejected.
The Director, Division of Air Pollution Control, will
responsibility for coordination with the news media beyond
releases which will be distributed by the Coordinator.
have principal
the press
6.5 EPISODE TERMINATION REPORT PROCEDURE
Within two weeks after the return of conditions to the surveillance
level, a complete report will be prepared detailing the history of the
episode and verifying the actions taken. This report will be used as an
historical record of the episode and, more importantly, will provide the
mechanism for procedure reviews to enable procedural improvements as sources
become more complex, air quality monitoring becomes more sophisticated, and
the SEAC staff becomes more experienced.
6.6 COMMUNICATIONS MANUAL
The Episode Communications Manual, included as Appendix A of this
plan, will define all operating procedures to be utilized during SEAC
operations. These procedures are designed to enable a smooth flow of
information to a focal point within the SEAC providing the decision-makers
with the most current data for evaluation. The major administrative
burden will be placed upon the Coordinator, who will make recommendations
to the Director, Division of Air Pollution, concerning the activation of
various episode stages.
There will be a heavy dependence upon pre-printed information sheets
and communications directives. These sheets will be utilized to generate
a case history for each occurrence of any stage of episode action.
6-3
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7.0 SURVEILLANCE
The elements of surveillance activity which pertain to air pollution
episodes include air quality monitoring, meteorological monitoring, data
handling and source inspection. The purpose of the surveillance activity
is to assure the timely receipt of required data at the SEAC for use in
making operational decisions. This section describes the specific
surveillance activities which will be conducted on a routine basis and
during an air pollution episode.
7.1
AIR QUALITY MONITORING
Relatively few continuous monitoring instruments will be used for
the State of Alabama monitoring network. These instruments will be
located in the areas where episode potential exists and where they are
accessible to local chemists, engineers, and technicians for frequent
inspection and data observation.
These continuous instruments will be equipped with strip chart
recorders and magnetic tape recorders. For routine air quality monitoring
and data reduction, the magnetic tape recorders will be reduced in batches
of about four to six weeks of data. For episode monitoring, a field
operator will be stationed at the monitoring site. Only the strip chart
readings will be utilized and information will be transmitted to the
SEAC by telephone.
A manual record of routine observations will be obtained from the
field maintenance personnel responsible for the day-to-day operation of
the instruments. Data will be telephoned to the SEAC between 2:00 p.m.
and 3:30 p.m. on a daily basis when the system is in the routine surveillance
mode. The strip charts will be unrolled to the time of the previous
readings, and estimates will be made for:
Sulfur dioxide - maximum one-hour and maximum 24-hour concentration
. Oxidant - maximum one-hour concentration
7-1
-------
Carbon monoxide - maximum one-hour and maximum eight-hour concen-
tration
Particulate - maximum two-hour tape sampler reading and most
recent 24-hour suspended particulate concentration measured by
high volume samp1er
Nitrogen dioxide - most recent 24-hour concentration determined
by bubbler rrrua:xrmum 24-hour concentration if continuous instrument
is used) .
. ,
Table 7-1 lists the episode monitoring stations in Alabama and the
pollutants measured at each of these monitoring stations.
Air quality data received daily at the SEAC will be entered on an
Air Quality Data: Routine Surveillance form (Figure 7-1) and will be
reviewed by the clerk in charge of recording the information. In the
event that any individual readings exceed 50 percent of the alert level
concentration, the Director or his designated representative shall be
informed verbally, substantiated by memorandum, that such conditions exist.
If, in the opinion of the Director, there is reasonable probability that
pollutant levels will increase, he shall request more frequent reports
form the air quality monitoring station(s) on the p011utant(s) of concern.
The data from the accelerated monitoring schedule will be recorded on the
Air Quality Data: Activation Mode form (Figure 7-2).
When an Episode Watch is put into effect, either on the basis of an
atmospheric stagnation advisory or on the basis of measured poor air
quality which is expected to deteriorate further, the SEAC will operate in
the parti~l activation mode. The Coordinator shall authorize such personnel
staffing as necessary to acquire daily afternoon reports of air quality
measurements at the affected~:statJon(s). High volume air samplers at these
stations will be operated continuously and 24-hour samples will be collected
using a mid-morning to mid-morning, 24-hour period. This schedule will
take priority over the routine sampling schedule and the 24-hour period
which best represents the scheduled 24-hour reading shall be used for the
long-term data bank.
7-2
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"
Region
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
Table 7-1. EPISODE MONITORING STATIONS
Location
None
Montgomery:
Childersburg
Fire Station #5
Gadsden 0440
North Birmingham
Birmingham - Downtown
Fairfield City Hall
. Mob il e :
WKRG Transmitter
Mobile: NASH
Salco
None
Huntsville:
Governor's Drive and Memorial Parkway
Widow's Creek:
TVA #3
Tuscumbia
Florence
* SP = suspended particulates (high volume and tape)
N02 = nitrogen dioxide (bubbler)
S02 = sulfur dioxide (continuous)
CO = carbon monoxide (continuous)
OX = oxidant (continuous)
7-3
Pollutant(s)*
Measured
SP
SP
SP
SP, N02' CO, OX
SP, N02' CO t OX
SP, N02' CO, OX
SP, OX
SP
S02
N02' CO
S02
SP, S02' CO
SP
-------
Figure 7-1. Air Quality Data:
Station:
Routine Surveillance
Time:
Date:
Reported by:
Received by:
Time Period Reported:
Max.
Pollutant Unit 1 hr.
Particulate ~g/m3 xxx
Particulate COHS xxx
S02 ppm
Oxidant ppm
CO ppm
S02 x .particulate
7-4
to
Max.
2 hr.
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
Max.
8 hr.
xxx
xxx
xxx
Max.
24 hr.
xxx
xxx
xxx
-------
Date
Figure 7-2. Air Quality Data: Activation Mode
Station:
Date:
Time:
Reported by:
Received by:
Time Period Reported:
to
Time
Particulate
COHS \.191m3
S02
EE!!!
1200-1300
1300-1400
1400-1500
1 500- 1 600
1600-1700
1700-1800
1800-1900
1900-2000
2000-2100
2100-2200
2200-2300
2300-2400
0000-0100
0100-0200
0200-0300
0300-0400
0400-0500
0500-0600
0600-0700
0700-0800
0800-0900
0900-1000
1 000- 11 00
11 00- 1 200
7-5
Oxidant
ppm
CO
EE!!!
-------
7.2 METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING
The Director, SEAC will obtain Air Stagnation Advisories (ASA's) from
the Weather Service Forecast Office {WSFO).9 The WSFO normally issues an
ASA if stagnation conditions are forecast to be continuous for at least 36
hours, but it will issue alerts for shorter periods of time upon request.
The Director will obtain daily ASA's during routine operations and will
arrange for updated forecasts every 12 hours during an episode stage.
The National Weather Service will fund its own WSFO teletypewriter
line charges, and the Division of Air Pollution Control will explore the
possibility of installing a teletype in the SEAC room to receive ASA's as
well as other messages. The DAPC will rely on these advisories, as well
as the forecasts of local weather programs in Birmingham, Mobile, and
Huntsville to advise the SEAC of local meteorological conditions.
Birmingham is scheduled to become a National Weather Service EMSU
station (a special unit which predicts air stagnations specifically for
air polTution purposes) and communications between this office and the
SEAC will be vital.
7.3 SOURCE INSPECTION
The available tools and procedures to exercise the source inspection
or surveillance function during an episode are essentially the same as
those used in normal operations, except that additional ,resources shall
be drawn upon and emphasis shall be placed upon quick action and rapid
response measures.
Upon beginning of mandatory emission reductions during an episode, the
patrol and engineering inspectors shall commence 12-hour shifts. Agency
personnel normally engaged in activities which can be postponed, e. g.,
9 The National Weather Service operates the Weather Service Forecast
Office which is responsible for issuing Air Stagnation Advisories for
the Air Quality Control Region which includes the State of Alabama.
7-6
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review of permit applications, will be recruited for source surveillance
activities unless assigned to other aspects of the episode program. The
DAPC and local agencies will experiment with the use of additional measures
to increase surveillance during episodes, including such measures as:
. Using police and civil defense personnel as patrol inspectors
. Using private pilots on a voluntary basis to spot illegal
plumes from the air
I
Alerting the public (radio, television) as to visible signs
of illegal operations during each episode stage.
During an episode, patrol inspectors will concentrate on spotting
visible emissions and external signs of illegal operations. Engineering
inspectors will spot check major sources and, as in normal periods, will
have full authority to enter the premises of any facility they suspect
of illegal activity. Both patrol and engineering inspectors will assume
responsibility for following up complaints telephoned into the SEAC. All
inspections and plume observations conducted during an episode will be
recorded on an abbreviated form, with the exception that observations of
illegal activity will be fully documented according to standard operating
procedures for later use in court.
The emergency episode source surveillance activities encompass the
fol1mdng.
I Every majorlO point source which has been assigned mandatory
emission reduction actions shall be given at least a rudimentary
unscheduled inspection at least once per day for every day the
episode plan is in force.
I If an episode reaches the emergency stage, every major point
source which has been assigned mandatory emission reduction
actions shall be fully inspected by an engineering inspector
at 1 eas t once duri ng the °epi sode.
10lMajor" refers to a selected group of high emission sources in the
region.
7-7
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, Every emission source larger than five tons per year shall have
a simple smoke check at least once per day during each day of
the episode.
. Enough additional patrol personnel will be deployed so as to
make blatantly illegal activity (e.g. ~ open burning) an
unacceptable risk to the potential violator.
. Every major complaint will be investigated within two hours.
In order to expedite the major source surveillance task, each source
categori zed as a "major" source wi 11 be analyzed in advance to determi ne
whether the rudimentary inspection called for in the first item above may
be handled by a patrol inspector or whether an engineering inspector is
needed. If a patrol inspector is capable of handling the inspection, he
will be given an instruction sheet indicating the steps which must be
taken to carry out the inspection.
All state and local surveillance forces will be coordinated from the
SEAC command post manned by the Abatement Officer.
7.4 DATA HANDLING
A series of standardized forms and charts for recording and displaying
incoming data will be utilized during an episode. At the present time~ all
data operations conducted during an episode will be handled manually. When
the DAPC information system becomes computerized~ much of the incoming
episode information will be immediately coded and transferred to the computer
system, where it will activate subroutines and short-circuit many of the
laborious manual calculations which will have to be performed at present.
However, the lack of reliability of present monitoring equipment makes it
highly likely that the initial switch of the data handling operations for
episodes from a manual to a computer-based operation will only be a partial
one, with the computer augmenting rather than replacing manual operations.
7-8
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-. M' "" . . '. ...
8.0 RULES
Rule 1. DEFINITIONS
Rule 2.
. State means the State of Alabama
AIR POLLUTION EMERGENCY
The Director is authorized and empowered to enforce or require
enforcement of any parts of the Emergency Episode Plan for Air Pollution
Sources in the State of Alabama.
I
I,
I
I
i
Rule 3. EPISODE CRITERIA
When the Director determines that conditions justify the proclamation
of an air pollution episode stage, due to the accumulation of air pollutants
in any place within the State, attaining levels which could, if sustained
or exceeded, lead to a substantial threat to the health of persons, he shall
be guided by the following criteria.
a.
Episode stages shall be determined and declared upon the.
basis of average concentrations recorded at any monitoring
station in the State. .
b.
If contamination and meteorology warrant, any advanced episode
stage may be declared by the Director without first declaring
a lesser degree of Alert or Watch. The Director shall, at
his discretion, declare a lesser stage, the termination or
the continuance of the advanced episode stage during such
times when contamination and meteorological conditions
moderate significantly after an advanced episode stage has
been declared.
Episode Watch
The Director shall declare an Episode Watch when one or
more of the following events take place.
(l) An Atmospheric Stagnation Advisory is issued by
the National Weather Service, stating that
atmospheric ~onditions marked by a slow moving
high pressure system, light winds, and tempera-
ture inversions are expected to affect the State
of Alabama or portions thereof for the next 36
hours.
c.
8-1.
-------
(2)
A forecast by local meteorologists that stagnant
atmospheric conditions as described above couid
result in high air pollution levels in Alabama
or portions thereof.
Validated reports of abnormally high air pollution
measurements, specifically, reaching or exceeding
50 percent of the Alert level (Rule 3d) for at
least three consecutive hours at a given locality
in the State.
(3)
d.
Alert
The Director shall declare an Alert when anyone of the
following pollutant concentrations is measured at al~ monitoring
site, and due to adverse meteorological conditions can be
expected to remain at these levels or higher for the next
12 hours or more unless control measures are taken.
Sulfur Dioxide. Measured by continuous cou10metric or
colorimetric analyzer, or equivalent.
24-hour average, 0.30 ppm (800 ~g/m3)
Particulates. Measured by sequential tape sampler, two-
hour accumulations (soiling index).
24-hour average, 3.0 COHS per 1000 linear feet
or measured by Hi Vol (high volume sampler), 24-hour.
accumulation.
24-hour average, 375 ~g/m3
Sulfur Dioxide and Particulates Combined.
concurrent 24-hour average concentrations.
Product of
sulfur dioxide, ppm, times particulates, COHs, equals 0.2
sulfur dioxide, ~g/m3, times particulates, ~g/m3,
equals 65,000
non-dispersive
Carbon Monoxide. Measured by continuous
infrared analyzer, or equivalent.
8-hour aver~ge, 15 ppm (17 mg/m3)
Nitrogen Dioxide. Measured by continuous analyzer, or
equi va 1 ent.
24-hour average, 0.15 ppm (282 ~g/m3)
or l-hour average, 0.6 ppm (1130 ~g/m3)
8-2
-------
Photochemical Oxidants. Measured by continuous chemilulllin-
escent analyzer or equivalent.
l-hour average, 0.1 ppm (200 ~g/m3)
e.
Warn; ng.
A Warning shall be declared by the Director when the
concentrations of any of the following air pollutants measured
at any monitoring site and due to adverse meteorological
conditions can be expected to remain at these levels or higher
for the next 12 hours or more unless control measures are
ta~en .
Sulfur Dioxide. Measured by continuous coulometric or
colorimetric analyzer, or equivalent.
24-hour average, 0.6 ppm (1600 ~g/m3)
Particulates. Measured by sequential tape sampler, two-hour
accumulations (soiling index).
24-hour average, 5.0 COHs per 1000 linear feet
or measured by Hi Vol, 24-hour accumulation:
. 24-hour average, ~25 ~g/m3
Sulfur Dioxide and Particulates Combined.
concurrent 24-hour average concentrations.
Product of
or
sulfur dioxide,
equals 0.8
sulfur dioxide,
equals 261,000
ppm, times particulates, COHs,
~g/m3,times particulates, ~g/m3,
Carbon Monoxide. Measured by continuous non-dispersive
infrared analyzer, or equivalent.
8-hour average, 30 ppm (34 mg/m3)
Measured by continuous analyzer, or
Nitrogen Dioxide.
equivalent.
24-hour average, 0.30 ppm (565 ~g/m3)
l-hour average, 1.20 ppm (2260 P9/m3)
Photochemical Oxidants. Measured by continuous
cheml~mTnescenr-ana1Yzer, or equivalent.
l-hour average, 0.40 ppm (800 ~g/m3)
8-3
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f.
Emergency
When the following concentrations of air pollutants have
been reached or due to meteorological conditions can be
expected to reach or exceed these levels at any monitoring
site in the State for a period of 12 hours or more unless
control actions are taken, the Director shall declare an
Emergency.
Sulfur Dioxide. Measured by continuous cou1ometric or
colorimetric analyzer, or equivalent.
24-hour average, 0.8 ppm (2100 ~g/m3)
Particulates. Measured by sequential tape sampler, two-
hour accumulations (soiling index).
24-hour average, 7.0 COHs per 1000 linear feet
or measured by Hi Vol, 24-hour accumulation
24-hour average, 875 ~g/m3
Sulfur Dioxide and Particulates Combined.
concurrent 24-hour average concentrations.
sulfur dioxide, ppm, times particulates, COHs, equals
1.2
Product of
or
sulfur dioxide, ~g/m3, times particulates, ~g/m3,
equals 393,000
Carbon Monoxide. Measured by continuous
infrared analyzer, or equivalent.
8-hour average, 40 ppm (46 mg/m3)
non-dispersive
Nitrogen Dioxide. Measured by continuous analyzer, or
equivalent.
24-hour aver~ge,0.40 ppm (750 ~g/m3)
l-hour average, 1.50 ppm (3000 ~g/m3)
Photochemical Oxidants. Measured by continuous
chemiluminescent analyzer, or equivalent.
l-hour average, 0.60 ppm (1200 ~g/m3)
8-4
-------
g. Termination
The status reached by application of the Episode Criteria
(Rule 3) shall remain in effect until the criteria for that
level is no longer met. At such time, the next lower status
will be assumed and such changes declared by the Director.
Speci fi ca lly:
(1) When ambient pollutant concentrations fall below
the critical levels for the stage, and a downward
trend of concentrations is established; and
(2) When meteorological conditions that attended the
high concentrations are no longer called for in
official weather predictions.
A public declaration will take on of the following forms.
(1)
Termi nate "Emergency Status, II resume "~'Jarni ng Status II
or "Alert Status"; whichever is appropriate.
( 2)
Tenninate "Warning Status," resume "Alert Status" or
appropriate stage.
(3)
Terminate "Episode Status. II
Upon tennination of an "Episode Status, II the Division
of Air Pollution Control will remain on internal "Episode
Watch" until a return to normal operation is announced by
the Division Director.
h.
Status Declaration Authority
The Director, Division of Air Pollution Control, or his
duly authorized agent, shall have the authority to make an
announcement of internal Episode Watch, and public declara-
tions of Alert, Warning and Emergency Status.
Rule 4. SPECIAL EPISODE CRITERIA
a.
The Director shall have the authority to declare episodic
conditions when the atmospheric concentration of a single
pollutant or that of a specific locality within the State
show elevated concentrations.
b. Specific Pollutant Situation
When concentrations of one or two pollutants reach or
exceed the defined criteria levels, and concentrations of
other pollutants remain substantially below 50 percent of
Alert levels, and meteorlogical conditions are such that
8-5
-------
Rule 5.
these specific pollutant concentrations can be expected to
remain at the above levels for 12 hours or more or increase
unless control action is taken, a Specific Alert, Warning, or
Emergency Status shall be declared by the Director, naming
the pollutants that meet the respective criteria. In such
instances when two such pollutants meet different criteria,
the Director shall declare the status for the episode having
. the higher level, and that an Episode Watch is being main-
tained on the remaining pollutants.
c.
Specific Locality Situation.
. The Director shall, when high concentrations of one or
more pollutants measured at one monitoring site and not others
and the effect is judged to originate from an identifiable
source near the given site, shall declare the appropriate
local Alert, Warning, or Emergency Status for the delineated
area and that an Episode Watch is in effect for the remaining
portion of the jurisdictional area while meteorological
conditions favor the maintenance or increase of said high
concentrations for at least 12 hours or more unless control
acti on is taken.
EMISSION REDUCTION PLANS
a.
Episode Watch
The Director shall in the case of imminent possibility
of an Episode Watch, advise designated (by the Director)
pollutant sources of impending emission reduction possibilities.
These sources shall take the appropriate preparatory measures
as designated by the Di rector.
b.
Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), Alert Status
When the Director declares an Alert Status for particulates,
any person responsible for the operation of a source of such
pollutants shall taken the following general measures in
addition to all specific source curtailments designated by
the Director.
(1) Solid or liquid waste incineration from office
buildings, apartment houses, and other facilities
not specifically designated by the Director shall be
accomplished ,only between 12:00 p.lII. and 4:0u p.m.
(2) There shall be no open burning of tree waste,
vegetation, refuse, or debris in any fornl.
8-6
-------
I'
( 3)
Soot blowing or boiler lancing on fuel-burning
equipment, if required, shall be accomplished
only between noon and 4:00 p.m.
Industrial batch processes and incinerators shall
be reduced to 50 percent or 1 ess of normal
operation and prepared for shutdown.
(4)
Total Suspended Particulates, Warning Status
When the Director declares a Warning Status for particulates,
any person responsible for the operation of a source of such ail'
pollutants shall take the following general measures in addition
to. all specific source curtailments designated by the lJirector.
c.
d.
(1)
Solid or liquid waste incineration from office
buildings, apartment houses, and other facilities
not specifically designated by the Director shall
be postponed until episode termination.
(2 )
There shall be no open burning of tree waste,
vegetation, refuse, or debris in any form.
( 3)
Soot blowing or boiler landing on fuel-burning
equipment,if required, shall be accomplished
only betweerl noon and 4:00 p.m. upon approval
of the Director.
Tota 1 Suspended Parti cul ates, EmergenSl. Status
When the Director declares an Emergency Status for
particulates, any person responsible for the operation of
a source of such air pollutants shall take the following
general measures in addition to all specific source
curtailment designated by the Director.
(1)
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid
waste shall be prohibited.
(2)
There shall be no open burning of any kind of
fuel, waste, vegetation, refuse, or other material.
( 3)
During the heating season, the operation of heating
units in all buildings within the affccted areas of
Alabama, including public and private office buildings,
aparbnent houses, shops, hotels, schools, recreational
facilities, libraries, auditoriums, warehouses, etc.,
but not incl'uding hospitals, sanatoriums, children's
homes, and homes for aged and infirm, shall be at
thenllOS tat temperature setti ngs no higher than
60 degrees Fahrenheit.
8-7
-------
(a)
Exceptions to this action are allowed for persons
who are aged, infirm, or ill and under the care
of a physician. Exceptions are also allowed under
formal permit for facilities where a drastic change
in temperature could result in irreparable damage,
such as computer rooms, environmental laboratories,
cryogenic materials facilities, hazardous
material storages, and meat lockers.
(4)
During the heating season, heating units in sing1e-
family and small multi-family dwellings (six-family
units or less) that are equipped with thermostats
shall operate at settings no higher than 60 degrees
Fahrenheit. Heating units that are not regulated
by thermostats shall be operated at a rate that
is approximately 20 percent 10\ver than normal for
the corresponding season and weather conditions.
[See (3a), above]
(5)
During the air conditioning season, the aperation
of central air conditioning units in all buildings
within the affected areas in Alabama, including
public and private office buildings, apartment
houses, hotels, shops, schools, recreational
facilities, libraries, auditoriums, warehouses,
and single-family and multi-family dwellings,
but net including hospitals, sanatoriullls, children's
homes, and homes for the aged and infirm, shall be
at thermostat temperature settings no lower than
80 degrees Fahrenheit. All room air conditioning
units in operation shall be at the setting that
provides the least rate of cooling. [See (3a),
above.]
(6)
All places of employment where large amounts of power,
heat, or hot water are used shall inmediate suspend
such operations. The establishments include:
o Wholesale and retail laundries and dry
cleaning establishments.
o Beauty shops and other users of electrical
or gas dri ers .
o Bakeries of bread, pastries, pizza, etc.
o Public baths, steam rooms, and heated
swimming pools.
(7)
Places of employment shall release working personnel
ahead of normal close of day, and on a staggered
arrangement based upon travel time to residence
for each employee.
8-8
-------
( 8)
All outdoor construction and dcmolition work will
be suspended until epi sode tel1ni na ti on. except for
work that. if left unfinished. might result in a
public hazard.
(9)
All commercial and manufacturing establishments not
specifically mentioned in this order will institute
such actions as will result in reduction of parti-
culate emissions to the maximum reasonable extent.
e.
Sulfur Dioxide. Alert Status
. When the Director declares an Alert Status for sulfur
dioxide. any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailments designated
by the Di rector.
(1)
Solid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses. and industrial facilities not
specifically designated by the Director shall be
accomplished only between noon and 4:00 p.m.;
however, voluntary postponement until episode
termination is desirable.
(2 )
There shall be no open burning of coal. heavy oil,
or other material that could contain sulfur.
( 3)
Boiler lancing, where required, will be limited
to between noon and 4:00 p.m.
Sulfur Dioxide. Warning Status
f.
When the Director declares a Warning Status for sulfur
dioxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailments designated
by the Di rector.
(1)
Solid or liquid waste incineration from office
buildings. apartment houses. and industrial
facilities not specifically designated by the
Director shall be postponed until episode
termination.
(2)
There shall be no open burning of tree waste,
vegetation, refuse. or debris in any form.
(3 )
Soot blowing or boiler lancing on fuel-burning
equipment. if required. shall be accomplished only
between noon and 4:00 p.m. upon approval of the
Director, Division of Air Pollution Control.
8-9
-------
9.
Sulfur Dioxide, Emergency Status
When the Director declares an Emergency Status for sulfur
dioxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general
measures in addition to all specific source curtailments
designated by the Director.
(1)
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid
waste shall be prohibited.
(2) There shall be no open burning of any kind
of fuel, waste, vegetation, refuse, or other
material.
(3)
During the heating season, the operation of
heating units in all buildings within the affected
areas of Alabama, including public and private
office buildings, apartment houses, hotels,
shops, schools, recreational facilities, libraries,
auditoriums, warehouses, etc., but not including
hospitals, sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes
for the aged and infirm, shall be at thermostats
temperature settings no higher than 60 degrees
Fahrenheit.
(a)
Exceptions to this action are allowed for persons
who are aged, infirm, or ill and under the care
of a physician. Exceptions are also allowed
under formal permit for facilities where a
drastic change in temperature could result in
irreparable damage, such as computer rooms,
environmental laboratories, cryogenic materials
facilities, hazardous material storages, and
meat lockers.
(4)
During the heating season, heating units in a single-
family and small multi-family dwellings (six-family
units or less) that are equipped with thermostats shall
. operate at settings no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
Heating units that are not regulated by thermostats
shall be operated at a rate that is approximately
20 percent lower than normal for the corresponding
season and weather conditions. [See (3a), above.J
(5)
During the air conditioning season, the operation of
central air conditioning units in all buildings within
the affected areas of Alabama, including public and
private office buildings, aparWlent houses, hotels,
shops, schools, recreational facilities, libraries,
auditoriums, warehouses, and single-family and multi-
family dwellings, but not including hospitals,
8-10
-------
h.
sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature
settings no lower than 80 degrees Fahrenheit. All
room air conditioning units in operation shall be
at the setting that provides the least rate of
cooling. [See (3a), above.]
(6 )
All places of employment where large amounts of
power, heat or hot water are used shall immediately
suspend such operations. The establishments include:
(a)
Wholesale and retail laundries and dry
cleaning establish~ents.
(b)
Beauty shops and other users of electrical
or gas dri ers.
(c)
(d)
Bakeries of breads, pastries, pizza, etc.
(7)
Public baths, steam rooms, and heated
swimming pools.
Places of employment shall release working personnel
ahead of normal close of day, and on a staggered
arrangement based upon travel time to residence
for each employee.
Carbon Monoxide, Alert Status
When the Director declares an Alert Status for carbon
monoxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of suth air pollutant shall take the following general measures
in addi ti on to all speci fi c source curtai lment designated by
the Director.
(1)
Transit authorities shall operate at peak-hour
intervals.
(2)' The public shall make every effort to curtail
, unnecessary use of private vehicles and to use
public transit for local travel.
( 3)
(4)
Sightseeing tours shall be cancelled.
Operation of government vehicles shall be reduced
to higher priority needs as defined by officials
with the rank of bureau chief, or equivalent.
( 5)
The public shall make every effort to avoid downtown
areas where concentrations of carbon monoxide are
highest.
8-11
-------
1.
Carbon Monoxidet Warning Status
When the Director declares a Warning Status for carbon
monoxidet any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailment designated by
the Director.
(1) Passenger vehicles entering or operating in the
center city area shall be restricted to those
carrying four or more personst except for outbound
vehicles that have discharged passengers within the
res tri cted area. The center city area shall be
defined by the Director.
The public shall be notified in advance by news media
that no automobile or truck traffic will be permitted
within the center city areat as definedt if and when
an Emergency Status for carbon monoxide is declared.
(2)
(3)
Designated principal avenues shall be made one-way
outbound from the center city area. These shall
be designated by the Director.
j.
Carbon Monoxide, Emergency Status
When the Director declares an Emergency Status for carbon
monoxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailment designated by
the Director.
(1)
No automobil e or truck traffi c shall be permitted
within the center city area except for designated
emergency vehicles.
(2) All unnecessary use of vehicles shall be prohibited
throughout the remainder of affected urpan areas.
(3)
Idling of vehicle engines while the vehicles are
parked shall be prohibited.
(4) All stores shall be closed except for those engaged
in the sale of food and medicines.
(5)
Through bus and truck service shall be rerouted to
avoid the center city.
(6) Scheduled bus service shall be curtailed.
(7) Scheduled flights originating at Birmingham Airport
shall be cancelled. Flights scheduled to teminate
at Birmingham Airport shall be diverted to alternate
ai rports .
8-12
-------
I
I
I
k.
Nitrogen Dioxide, Alert Status
When the Director declares an Alert Status for nitrogen
dioxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailment designated by
the Di rector.
(1)
Solid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and industrial facilities not
specifically designated by the Director shall
be accomplished only between noon and 4:00 p.m.;
however, voluntary pas tponement until epi sode
termination is desirable.
( 2)
There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil,
or other material.
(3)
Boiler lancing, where required, shall be limited
to between noon and 4:00 p.m.
(4)
The public transportation interests shall be notified
and requested to plan for measures that will be
initiated if the Warning Status for nitrogen dioxide
is declared. Specifically:
(a)
Transit authorities shall plan for peak-hour
operations.
(b)
The public shall make every effort to curtail
unnecessary use of private vehicles and to
use public transit for local travel.
( c)
Sightseeing tours shall be advised to reduce
activity in preparation for possible cancellation.
(d) Operation of government vehicles shall be reduced
to higher priority needs as defined by officials
with the rank of bureau chief, or equivalent.
( e)
The public shall make every effort
normal boundaries of city downtown
concentrations of nitrogen dioxide
hi ghes t.
to avoid the
areas where
tend to be
8-13
-------
1.
Nitrogen Dioxide, Warning Status
When the Director declares a Warning Status for nitrogen
dioxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailments designated by
the Director.
. (2)
(1)
Solid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and industrial facilities not
specifically designated by the Director shall
be postponed until episode termination.
There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil,
or other material.
( 3)
Boiler lancing, where required, shall be limited to
between noon and 4:00 p.m. upon approval of the
Di rector.
(4)
Transit authorities shall initiate peak-hour
operati ons.
Passenger vehicles entering or operating in the
center city area shall be restricted to those
carrying four or more persons, except for outbound
vehicles that have discharged passengers within the
restricted area. The center city shall be defined
by the Di rector.
(5)
(6)
No automobile or truck traffic shall be permitted
within the center city area, as defined.
(7)
( 8)
Sightseeing tours shall be cancelled.
Employees of all government offices - federal, state,
and municipal - shall be dismissed early on a staggered
basis. Private companies shall do likewise.
(9)
Designated principal avenues shall be made one-way
outbound from the center city area, as defined by
the Director.
m.
Nitrogen Dioxide, Emergency Status
When the Director declares an Emergency Status for nitrogen
dioxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailments designated by
the Director.
8-14
-------
(1)
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid
waste shall be prohibited.
There shall be no open burning of any kind of fuel,
waste, vegetation, refuse, or other material.
( 2)
( 3)
During the heating season, the operation of heating
units in all buildings within the affected areas of
Alabama, including public and private office buildings,
apartment houses, shops, hotels, schools, recreational
facilities, libraries, auditoriums, warehouses, etc.,
but not including hospitals, sanatoriums, chi1dren's
homes, and homes for the aged and infirm, shall be at
thermostat temperature settings no higher than 60 degrees
Fahrenheit .
(a)
( 4)
Exceptions to this action are allowed for persons
who are aged, infirm, or ill and under the care
of a physician. Exceptions are also allowed under
form~ permit for facilities where a drastic change
in temperature could result in irreparable damage,
such as computer rooms, environmental laboratories,
cryogenic materials facilities, hazardous material
storages, and meat lockers. .
During the heating season, heating units in single-
family and small multi-family dwellings (six-family
units or less) that are equipped with thermostats
shall operate at settings no higher than 60 degrees
Fahr~nheit. Heating units that are not regulated
by thermostats shall be operated at a rate that is
approximately 20 percent lower than normal for the
correspondi n~ season and weather condi ti ons. [See
(3a), above.J
(5)
During the air conditioning season, the operation of
central air conditioning units in all buildings within
the affected areas of Alabama, including public and
private office buildings, apartment houses, hotels,
shops, schools, recreational facilities, libraries,
auditoriums, warehouses, and single-family and multi-
family dwellings, but not including hospitals, sana-
toriums, children's homes, and homes for the aged and
infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature settings
no lower than 80 degrees Fahrenheit. All room air
conditioning units in operation shall be at the setting
that provides the least rate of cooling. [See (3a), above.]
8-15
-------
(6) All places of employment where large amounts of
power. heat, or hot water are used shall immediately
suspend such operations. The establishments include:
(a) Wholesale and retail laundries and dry
cleaning establishments. .
(b)
Beauty shops and other users of electrical
or gas dri ers.
Bakeries of bread, pastries, pizza. etc.
(c)
. (7) All stores shall be closed except for those engaged
in the sale of food and medicines.
(8) All outdoor construction and demolition work shall be
suspended until episode termination, except for work
that, if left unfinished, might result in a public
hazard.
(9) All commercial and manufacturing establishments not
specifically mentioned in this order shall institute
such actions as will result in reduction of nitrogen
dioxide emissions to the maximum reasonable extent.
(11)
(10) Places of employment shall release working personnel
ahead of normal close of day, and on a staggered
arrangement based upon travel time to residence for
each employee.
No automobile or truck traffic shall be permitted
within the center city area except for designated
emergency vehicles.
(12)
Unnecessary use of vehicles shall be prohibited
throughout the remainder of the affected areas in
Alabama.
(13)
Idling of vehicle engines while the vehicles are
parked shall be prohibited.
(14 )
Through bus and truck service shall be rerouted
to avoid the center city area.
(15) Scheduled bus services shall be curtailed in
accordance with prearranged plans. .
(16) Scheduled flights originating at Birmingham Airport
shall be cancelled. Flights scheduled to terminate
at Birmingham Airport shall be diverted to an alternute
airport outside the affected area.
8-16
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--~ -
n. Photochemical Oxidants, Alert Status
When the Director declares an Alert Status for photochemical
oxidants, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
ill addition to all specific source curtailments designated by
the Di rector.
(1) Solid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and industrial facilities not
specifically designated by the Director shall
be accomplished between noon and 4:00 p.m.;
however, voluntary postponement until episode
termination is desirable.
(2) There shall be no open burni ng of coa 1, heavy oi 1 ,
or other material.
(3) Boiler lancing, where required, shall be limited to
between noon and 4:00 p.m.
(4) The public transportation interests shall be notified
and requested to plan for measures that shall be
initiat.ed if the Warning Status for photochemical
, oxidants is declared. Specifically.
(a) Transit authorities shall plan for peak-
hour operations.
(b) The public shall make every effort to
curtail unnecessary use of private vehicles
and to use public transit for local travel.
(c) Sightseeing tours shall reduce activity
in preparation for possible cancellation.
(d) Operation of government vehicles shall be
reduced to higher priority needs as defined
by officials with the rank of bureau chief,
or equivalent.
(5) Fuel oil companies serving domestic users shall plan
on cancelling deliveries if and when a Warning Status
for photochemical oxidants is declared.
(6) Transfer of fuel oil, gasoline, diesel oil, and
kerosene to tank trucks from storage tanks, whether
above or below ground, shall be reduced by 50 percent
of normal amounts.
8-17
-------
(7)
o.
Transfer of aviation fuel to tank trucks from
storage tanks at airports shall be permitted.
Photochemi ca 1 Oxi dants, Warni n9 Status
When the Director declares A Warning Status for photochemical
oxidants, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailments designated by
the Director.
(l) Solid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and industrial facilities not
specifically designated by the Director shall be
postponed until episode tennination.
(2)
There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil,
or other material.
(3)
Boiler lancing, where required, shall be limited
to between noon and 4:00 p.m. upon approval of the
Director.
(4)
Transit authorities shall initiate peak-hour
operations.
(5)
(6)
Sightseeing tours shall be cancelled.
Employees of all government offices - federal, state
and municipal - shall be dismissed early on a
staggered basis. Private companies shall do likewise.
(n All schools and universities shall be closed, and
all available school buses shall supplement regular
public transit buses in accordance with prearranged
plans.
{8} Two hours after the Warning Status has been declared
with a forecast to continue, all parking meter
violations and restrictions to on-street parking
shall be suspended.
Taxi cruising shall be prohibited in all parts of
the ci ty.
{9}
(10) All deliveries and refuse collecting shall be curtailed.
(ll) Sales of gasoline and diesel oil at service stations
shall be limited to five gallons per vehicle. HOlt/ever,
the public will be urged to use vehicles only to reach
their intended parking places for the duration of the
episode.
8-18
-------
( 12)
Fuel oil deliveries to all users shall be suspended,
except to hospitals, san~toriums, children's homes,
homes for the aged and infirm, and special cases
approved by the Director, Alabama Department of
Hea lth.
(13) Aircraft sGhedu1ed to terminate their flights at
Birmingham Airport shall be diverted to an alternate
airport outside the affected area.
(1~) Aircraft departures from Birmingham Airport shall be
separated by minimum time intervals of seven minutes.
(15) Transfer of fuel oil. gasoline, diesel oil, and
kerosene to tank trucks from storage tanks, whether
above or below ground, shall be reduced to 25 percent
of norma 1 amou nts, or 1 ess .
(16) Run-ups of aircraft engines undergoing maintenance or
repair shall be prohibited.
(17) All unnecessary transfer of aviation fuel to tank
trucks from storage tanks at airports shall be
. prohi bited.
p. Photochemical Oxidants, Emergency Status
When the Director declares an Emergency Status for photo-
chemical oxidants, any person responsible for the operation
of a source of such air pollutants shall take the following
general measures in addition to all specific source curtail-
ments designated by the Director.
(1)
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid waste
shall be prohibited.
(2) There shall be no open burning of any kind of fuel,
waste, vegation, refuse, or other material.
(3) During the heating season, the operation of heating
units in all buildings within the affected areas
of Alabama, including public and private office
buildings, apartment houses, shops, hotels, schools,
recreational facilities, libraries, auditoriums,
warehoUses, etc., but not including hospitals,
sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature
settings no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
8-19
-------
(a)
Exceptions to this action are allowed for persons
who are aged, infirm, or ill and under the care
of a physician. Exceptions are also allowed
under formal permit for facilities where a drastic
change in temperature could result in irreparable
damage, such as computer rooms, environmental
laboratories, cryogenic materials facilities,
hazardous material storages, and meat lockers.
(4)
During the heating season, heating units in single-
family and small multi-family dwellings (six-family
units or less) that are equipped with thermostats
shall operate at settings no higher than 60 degrees
Fahrenheit. Heating units that are not regulated
by thermostats shall be operated at a rate that is
approximately 20 percent lower than nOnllal for the
corresponding season and weather conditions. [See
(3a), above.]
(5) During the air conditioning season, the operation of
central air conditioning units in all buildings within
the affected areas of Alabama, including public and
private office buildings, apartment houses, hotels,
shops, schools, recreational facilities, libraries,
. auditoriums, warehouses, and single-family and multi-
family dwellings, but not including hospitals,
sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature
settings no lower than 80 degrees Fahrenheit. All
room air conditioning units in operation shall be
at the setting that provides the least rate of
cooling. [See (3a), above.]
(6) All places of employment where large amounts of power,
heat, or hot water are used shall immediately suspend
such operations. The establishments include:
(a) Wholesale and retail laundries and dry
cleaning establishments.
(b) Beauty shops and other users of electrical
or gas dri ers.
(c) Bakeries of breads, pastries, pizza, etc.
(d) Public baths, steam rooms, and heated
s\l/immi ng pools.
(7) All stores will be closed except for those engaged
in the sale of food and medicines.
8-20
-------
----------..--~:
(8) All outdoor construction and demolition work shall
be suspended until episode tennination, eX(~Dt for
work that if 1 eft unfi ni shed, mi ght result:" a
public hazard.
I
(9) All commercial and manufacturing establish. ',fits not
specifically mentioned in this order will institute
such actions as will result in reduction of nitrogen
oxides and hydrocarbon emissions to the maximum f
reasonable extent.
(10) Places ,of employment shall release working personnel
ahead of normal close of day, and on a staggered
arrangement based upon travel time to residence for
each employee.
(11 ) All unnecessary use of vehi cl es shall be prohi bi ted
throughout all of the affected areas of Alabama.
(12)
Idling of vehicle engines while the vehicles are
parked shall be prohibited.
(13) Through bus and truck service will be rerouted to
highways outside the affected areas in Alabama.
(14) Scheduled bus service shall be curtailed in
accordance with prearranged plans.
(15) Scheduled flights originating at Birmingham shall
be cancelled. Flights scheduled to terminate at
Birmingham Airport shall be diverted to alternate
~irports outside the affected areas.
(16) Aircraft departures for through flights shall be
separated by minimum time intervals of 15 m1nutes
at Birmingham Airport and 10 minutes at Mobile
Airport.
(17) All unnecessary transfer of aviation fuel to tank
trucks at airports shall be prohibited.
(18) Run-ups of aircraft engines undergoing
or repair shall be prohibited.
(19) Sales of gasoline and diesel oil at service stations
shall be prohibited.
maintenance
(20)
Fuel oil deliveries to hospitals, sanatoriums, children's
homes, homes for the aged and infirm, and special
cases approved by the Director, Alabama Department
of Health, shall be made only in response to emergency
calls. Fuel oil deliveries to all other users shall
be suspended.
8-21
-------
Rule 6.
I"
Rule 7.
EMISSION REDUCTION PLANS FOR TWO POLLUTANTS
a.
Ihe Director shall declare an Alert, Warning, or Emergency
Status specific for two pollutants when the ambient concen-
trations of two pollutants simultaneously reach or exceed
their respective Episode Criteria and meteorological conditions
are such that pollutant concentrations can be expected to
remain at those criteria levels for 12 or more hours or
increase unless control actions are taken. When criteria
levels correspond to different episode status for two
pollutants, the Director shall declare the status of the
higher of the two and any person responsible for the operation
of a source of such air pollutants shall take the general
measures of Rule 5, and specific source curtailments as
designated by the Director.
b.
When the action specified for one or two pollutants causes
an increase rather than a decrease of emissions of the remaining
pollutant, it will not be executed. The actions to be taken
in such cases are described in Rule 7.
EMISSION REDUCTION PLANS FOR GENERAL EPISODES
The Director shall, in the event that ambient concentrations of
three or more pollutants simultaneously reach or exceed their respective
Episode Criteria and no improvement in meteorological conditions is forecast
for the next 12 hours, declare a General Alert, Warning, or Emergency Status.
In the event the crteria.leve1s correspond to different statuses for each
pollutant, the Director shall declare a general status corresponding to the
highest individual status.
a.
General Alert Status
When the Director declares a General Alert Status, any
person responsible for the operation of a source of air pollutants
shall take the following general measures and all specific
source curtailments designated by the Director.
(1)
Solid or liquid waste incineration from office
buildings, apartment houses, and other industrial
facilities not specifically designated by the
Director shall be accomplished only between
noon and 4:00 p.m.; however, voluntary postponement
until episode termination is destrab1e.
8-22
-------
(2)
There shall be no open burning of tree waste, vegetation,
refuse, or debris in any form.
Soot blowing or boiler lancing on fuel-burning equipment,
if required, shall be accomplished only between noon and
and 4:00 p.m.
(3)
(4) Transit authorities shall initiate peak-hour operations.
(5) The public shall make every effort to curtail unnecessary
use of private vehicles and to use public transit for
local travel.
{S}' Sightseeing tours will be cancelled.
(7) Operation of government vehicles shall be reduced to
higher priority needs as defined by officials with the
rank of bureau chief, or equivalent.
(8) The public shall make every effort to avoid downtown
boundaries of affected cities in Alabama where pollutant
concentrati ons are hi ghes t. The center city boundari es
shall be defined by the Director.
(9)
Gasoline and diesel oil deliveries to service stations
shall be curtailed.
(10)
Fuel oil deliveries to industrial users shall be
curta 11 ed.
(11)
Fuel oil companies serving domestic users shall be
advised through news media to plan on cancelling deliveries
if and when a general Warning Status is declared.
(12) Transfer of fuel oil, gasoline, diesel oil, and kerosene
to tank trucks from storage tanks, whether above or below
ground, shall be reduced by 50 percent of normal amo~nts.
(13) Transfer of aviation fuel to tank trucks from storage
tanks at airports shall be permitted.
8-23
-------
I .
I
[
b.
General Warning Status
When the Director declares a General Warning Status, .any
person responsible for the operation of a source of air
pollutants shall take the following general measures and all
specific source curtailments designated by the Director:
(1)
Solid waste incineration from all office buildings,
apartment houses, and other industrial facilities
not specifically designated by the Director shall
be postponed until episode tennination.
. (2) There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil,
or other material.
(3)
Boiler lancing and soot blowing, where required. shall
be limited to between noon and 4:00 p.m. upon
approval of the Director.
(4) Passenger vehicles entering or operating in the
center city area shall be restricted to those carrying
four or more persons except for outbound vehicles
that have discharged passengers within the restricted
area.
(5)
No automobile or truck traffic shall be penllitted
within the center city area, as defined.
(6)
Designated principal avenues shall be made one-way
outbound from center city. The principal avenues
shall be designated by the Director.
(7) All schools and universities shall be closed, and
all available school buses shall supplement regular
public transit buses in accordance with prearranged
plans.
(8) Two hours after the Warning Status has been declared,
and is forecast to continue, all parking meter
violations and restrictions to on-street parking
shall be suspended.
(9)
Staggered work hours shall be in effect in all govern-
ment offices - federal, state, and municipal - and
in privates offices as well.
(10) Taxi cruising shall be prohibited in all parts of
Anniston, Birmingham, and Mobile.
(11) All deliveries and refuse collecting shall be
curtail ed.
8-24
-------
(12 )
(13 )
Operation of government vehicles shall be reduced
to higher priority needs as defined by officials
with the rank of bureau chief, or equivalent.
Sales of gasoline and diesel oil at service stations
shall be limited to five gallons per vehicle. However,
the public shall be urged to use vehicles only to
reach their intended parking places for the duration
. of the epi sode.
c, . General Emergency Status
. When the Director declares a General Emergency Status, any
person responsible for the operation of a source of air.
pollutants shall take the following general measures and all
specific source curtailments designated by the Director.
(1)
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid waste
shall be prohibited.
There shall be no open burning of any kind of
fuel, waste, vegetation, refuse, or other material.
( 2)
(3)
During the heating season, the operation of heating
units in all buildings within the affected areas of
Alabama, including pllblic and private office
buildings, apartment houses, shops, hotels, schools,
recreational facilities, libraries, auditoriums,
warehouses, etc., but not including hospitals,
sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature
settings no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
(a)
(4)
Exceptions to this action are allowed for
persons who are aged, infirm, or ill and
under the care of a phys i ci an. Excepti ons
are also allowed under formal permit for
facilities where a drastic change in tempera-
ture could result in irreparable damage, such
as computer rooms, environmental laboratories,
cryogenic materials facilities, hazardous
materials storages, and meat lockers.
During the heating season, heating units in single-
family and small multi-family (six-family units or
or less) that are equipped with thermostats shall
operate at settings no higher than 60 degrees
Fahrenheit. Heating units that are not regulated
by thermostats shall be operated at a rate that
is approximately 20 percent lower than nonnal for
the corresponding season and weather conditions.
[See (3a), above.]
8-25
-------
(5)
During the air conditioning season, the operation of
central air conditioning units in all buildings within
the affected areas of Alabama, including public and
private office buildings, apartment houses, hotels,
shops, schools, recreational facilities, libraries,
auditoriums, warehouses, and single-family and multi-
family dwellings, but not including hospitals,
sanatoriums, children IS homes, and homes for the aged
and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature settings
no lower than 80 degrees Fahrenheit. All room air
conditioning units in operation shall be at the setting
that provides the least rate of cooling. [See (3a),
above.]
(6) All places of employment where large amounts of pO\>ler,
heat, or hot water are used shall immediately suspend
such operations. The establishments include:
(a) Wholesale and reail laundries and dry
cleaning establishments.
(b)
Beauty shops and other users of electrical
or gas dri ers.
(c)
(d)
Bakeries of breads, pastries, pizza, etc.
Public baths, steam rooms, and heated
s\'1i mmi ng poo 1 s .
(7) All outdoor construction and demolition work shall be
suspended unti 1 epi sode termi nati on, except for wOI~k
that, if left unfinished, might result in a public
hazard.
(8) All commercial and manufacturing establishments not
specifically mentioned in this order shall institute
such actions as will result in reduction of pollutant
emissions to the maximum reasonable extent.
(9) All stores shall be closed except for those engaged
in the sale of food and medicines.
8-26
-------
Rule 8. EMISSION REDUCTION PLAN FOR LOCAL EPISODES (See Rule 3c)
a. The Director shall specify the area of the State affected
when a Local Alert, Warning or Emergency Status is declared,
or when an Accidental Episode for Common Pollutants occurs,
based upon air quality and meteorological reports and
predictions. .
b. When the Director declares such a local episode, any person
responsible for the operation from which excess emissions
results, shall shut down such an operation and make repairs
or alter the process as required to restore normal operations.
c. When the Director declares that a Local Alert, Warning, or
Emergency STatus ;s ;n effect for a delineated area, corresponding
General Measures shall be applied as detailed in Rule
3, depending upon which pOllutant(s) is/are being emitted 1n
excess.
Rule 9.
EMISSION REDUCTION PLANS FOR OTHER SOURCES
a. Any person responsible for the operation of a source of
air pollutants as determined by the Director shall prepare
standby plans for reducing the emissions of air pollutants
during periods of an Episode Alert, Warning, and Emergency.
Standby plans shall be designed to reduce or eliminate emissions
of air pollutants in accordance with the objectives set forth
in Rule 3.
b. Any person responsible for the operation of a source of air
pollutants not designated by the Director shall when requested
by the Director in writing, prepare standby plans for reducing
the emission of air pollutants during periods of Episode Alert,
Warning, and Emergency. Standby plans shall be designed to
reduce or eliminate emissions of air pollutants in accordance
with the objectives set forth in Rule 3.
c. Standby plans as required under Rule 9a shall be in writing and
identify the sources of air pollutants, the amount of reduction
of pollutants and a brief description of the manner in which
reduction will be achieved during Episodes of Alert, Warning,
and Emergency.
d. During Episodes of Alert, Warning, and Emergency Status ,standby
plans as required by this regulation shall be made available
on the premises to any person authorized to enforce the provisions
of applicable rules and regulations.
8-27
-------
e.
Standby plans as required by these rules and regulations
shall be submitted to the Director of the Division of
Air Poll,.!ion Control, State of Alabama, upon request
within:= -:ays of the recept of such request; such standby
plans sh be subject to review and approval by the
Uirectot' ;f in the opinion of the Director, a standby
plan dOE: .)t effectively carry out the objectives as
set forE in these rules and regulations, the Director
may disapprove it, state the reason for disapproval and
order the preparation of an amended standby plan within
the time period specified in the order.
8-28
-------
APPENDIX A
STATE OF ALABAMA
AIR POLLUTION EPISODE CONTROL
COMMUNICATIONS MANUAL
-------
1.0 EPISODE COMMUNICATIONS MANUAL
This manual provides a communications checklist for all communications
required for each stage of an air pollution episode in the State of Alabama
and a directory of additional contacts appropriate for specified affected
regions.. Sample. declaration sheets for each episode stage are also included.
These forms are available at the State Emergency Action Center.
1.1
EPISODE LOGBOOK
An Episode Logbook is maintained by the SEAC. This logbook contains
the declaration sheets and communications checklists for each stage of an
episode providing a formal record of the actions taken during each stage.
In addition to these items, logbook entries include reports of high
pollutant levels, Atmospheric Stagnation Advisories, local forecasts of
episode-potential meteorological conditions, and all pertinent developments
at the SEAC when full activation is in effect. The logbook is to be
available for post-episode analysis, legal actions, and other authorized
uses.
1.2 DECLARATION SHEETS
There is a declaration sheet for each stage of the episode plan. The
sheet is filled out by the coordinating engineer on duty at the emergency
action center. When an episode stage is declared, a "declaration statement"
is recorded on the declaration sheet. The declaration statement contains
concise information on the air quality, the region affected, and the
meteorological forecast and is the basic information to be communicated to
each of the contacts listed on the communications checklists. This
statement is made available to persons responsible for making the
requirement communications and the declaration sheet is then posted in
the SEAC providing an easily accessible status report to the staff and
other interested parties.
The declaration statement is also read over the telephone to the listed
news media with the State of Alabama for dissemination to the general public.
A-l
-------
If circumstances warrant, special press releases may be issued to news
media representatives at the SEAC, and it may be appropriate to hold
briefings for various media representatives.
If a higher episode status or termination status is declared, a final
entry to this effect is made on the current declaration sheet, which is
then removed from display and filed in the Episode Logbook. A new declara-
tion sheet is i~itiated for each episode status and the current declaration
sheet' is posted on the display board until superceded by a new episode
status.
1.3 COMMUNICATIONS CHECKLIST
A separate communications checklist is utilized for recording contacts
made during each episode stage. Each person on the checklist will be
contacted by telephone from the SEAC and read the declaration statement.
The person making the contact will note the time of the call on the check-
list and will initial it. Further information will be. given, where
appropriate, and recorded on the back of the form with a reference made
to the appropriate listing(s).
Other contacts may be appropriate depending on the region affected.
The telephone numbers for these additional contacts are found in the
Directory of Additional Contacts. These contacts, when made, will be noted
at the botton of the checklist sheet. When all contacts have been completed,
the checklist will be filed in the Episode Logbook with the applicable
declaration sheet.
A-2
-------
Sample forms and communications checklists are provided for reference
purposes in the follo~ing pages in the order listed belo~.
.
Directory of Additional Contacts
.
Meteorological Advisory Form
. Meteorological Information Form
. .WATCH Declaration Sheet
. Communications Checklist, Episode WATCH Stage Notifications
.
ALERT Declaration Sheet
. Communications Check I ist, Episode ALERT Stage Notifications
. WARNING Declaration Sheet
.
Communications Checklist, Episode WARNING Stage Notifications
.
EMERGENCY Declaration Sheet
. Communications Checkl ist, Episode EMERGENCY Stage Notifications
A-3
-------
Directory
State of Alabama
Division of Air Pollution Control
Office of the Director
Laboratory
EPA
EOCC - Research Triangle Park, N. C.
Atlanta Regional Office
Birmingham
Department of Inspection Services,
Smoke Abatement Division
Huntsville
Air Pollution Control Department
Jefferson County
Jefferson Co. Department of Health
Mobile County
Mobile Co. Board of Health
Weather Service Forecast Office
State Dial Center
Direct FTS
Commercial
A-4
(205) 269-7634
(205) 269-721 3
(919)
(205) 252-0252
(205) 539-9612, Ext. 373
(205) 324-9571
(205) 432-1631
(205) 325-3011
(205) 325-3689
(205) 595-8311
-------
Meteorological Advisory
National Weather Service Advisory:
Received by:
Name
Date
Time
Areas Affected:
A-5
-------
Meteorological Information
Request to:
By:
Date:
Time
Purpose:
Response:
A-6
-------
WATCH Declaration Sheet
Area Affected:
Prior Level:
Surveillance
Alert
Pollutant{s):
Particulate
S02
N02
CO
Oxidant
Genera 1
Air Quality Data Summary:
Meteorological Summary:
Other:
WATCH
Conditions Met:
Date
Time
(Signed)
WATCH
Authorized:
Date
Time
By:
(Director, Division of Air Pollution Control)
To be in effect until
SURVEILLANCE
or ALERT
Declared:
Date
Time
WATCH Declaration Statement:
A-7
-------
Page 1 Of 2
COMMUNICATIONS CHECKLIST
Episode WATCH Stage Notifications
Declared: Date Time
Business* Home*
Telephone Telephone Ca 11 ed By
Contact Number Number (Initials) Time
Chairman, Air Pollution
Control Commission
1. L. Myers, M. D. 269- 7701 272-0827
Director, Bureau of
Environmental Health
A. N. Beck 269-7632 263-4852
Director, Air Pollution
Control Commision
W. T. Wi 11 is 269-7634 272-2095
OAP-ATLANTA
Region IV Director
G . B . We 1 s h (404) 526-3043 (404) 289- 5153
OAP- North Carolina
D. Tyler (919) 549-8411 (919) 498-8810
For Intrastate Regions
Jefferson County
Health Department 324-9571
G. Hardy, M. D. X 308 871-71 02
Jefferson County
Health Department 324-9571
B. Robison X 209 786-7450
For Interstate Regions
Mobil e
Offi ce of Mayor
R. B. Doyle, Jr. 438-7431 342-6153
Mobile County
Health Department 432-1631
G. Newburn, M. D. X 32 861-3627
Mobile County
Health Department 432-163-1
J. Fibbe X 61 471-3684
*Assumed to be Area Code 205 unless otherwise specified.
A-8
-------
Page 2 of 2
COMMUNICATIONS CHECKLIST
Episode WATCH Stage Notifications
Contact
Business*
Telephone
Number
Home*
Telephone
Number
Ca 11 ed By
(I n it i a 1 s ) Time
Florida State Health
Department
V. D. Patton
(904) 224-9151
(904) 385-7349
Georgia State Health
Department
R. H. Co 11 om
(404) 656-4867
(404) 443-6153
Mississippi State
Health Department
J. H. Cu rry
(601) 354-6783
(601) 982-3003
Tennessee State
Health Department
H. Hodges
(615) 741-2061
(615) 868-3016
Associated Press
Birmingham
H. G. Ha rwe 11
323-5388
822-6447
Mobile
S. W. Atkins
433-1551
478-4442
Montgomery
R. N. Thomas
262-5947
United Press International
Birmingham
L. C. Falk
322-2780 967-4962
433-2330 432~0102
262-1951 265-3453
Sources
Mobil e
B. W. Parker
Montgomery
B. L. Ford
Select appropriate Pollutant Episode Plan(s), which are required for a
pollutant or combination of pol-lutants, in the affected region(s) or area(s)
and make the necessary contacts as listed in Table 3-1 of the Emergency
Episode Plan for Air Pollution Sources in the State of Alabama.
*Assumed to be Area Code 205 unless otherwise specified.
A-9
-------
ALERT Declaration Sheet
Area Affected:
Prior Level:
Po 11 utant {li:
Watch
Warning
Particulate
S02
H02
co
Oxidant
General
Air Quality Data Summary:
"
-
Meteo ro 109 i ca 1 Sumna ry :
Other:
ALERT
Conditions Met:
Date
Time
(Signed)
ALERT
Authorized:
Date
Time
By:
l1Rrector. Division of Air POTTUtion Control}
To be in effect until
WATCH
or WARNING
Declared:
Date
Time
ALERT Declaration Statement:
A-10
-------
Page 1 Of 2
COMMUNICATIONS CHECKLIST
Episode ALERT Stage Notifications
Dec la red: Date Time
Business* Home*
Telephone Telephone Ca ll,ed By
Contact Number Number .on1thls). Time
--
Ch~innan,Air Pollution
Control Commission
I. L. MYers, M.'D. 269-7701 272-0827
-
Director, Bureau 'of
Environmen1falHealth
A. N. Beck 2()9-7632 263-485~
Director, Air Pollution
Control Commision
W. T. Willis 269-7634 272-2095
OAP-AT~ANTA
Region IV Director
G . B . We 1 s h (404.) 526-3043 (404) 289-5153
OAP-North -Carol ~na
D. Tyler (919) 549-8411 (919) 498-8810
For Intrastate Regions
Jefferson County
Health Department
G. Hardy, M. D.
Jefferson County
Health Department
B. Robinson
324-9571
X 308
871-7102
324-9571
X 209
786-7450
For Interstate Re~
., I" "
Mobile
Office of Mayor
R. B. Doyle, Jr.
Mobile County
Health Department
G. Newburn, M. D.
438-7431
342-6153'
432~ 1631
X 32
861-~627
Mobile County
Health Department
J. Fibbe
432- 1631
X 61
, ,
471-3684
*Assumed to be Area Code 205 unless otherwise specified.
A-ll
-------
Page 2 of 2
COMMUNICATIONS CHECKLIST
Epi sodeA~ERT" Stage;." Notifi cat ions
Contact
Business*
Telephone
Number
Home*
Telephone
Number
Called By
JInitialst Time
Florida State Health
Department;" .
v. 'D~'Patton
Georgia State Health
Department
R. H. Collom
. .
(904) 224-9151
(9(j4) 385- 7349
~~ '. ~ ';
(404) 656-4867
(404) 443-6153'
Mississippi State
Health Department
J. H. Curry
(601) 354-6783
(601) 982-3003
Tennessee State
Health Oepartm~nt
H. Hodges '. .
(615)741'-2061
(615) 868-3016
Associ ated Press
Birmingham
H. G. Harwell
323-5388
822-6447
Mobile
S. W. Atkins
..
433-1551
478-4442
Montgomery
R. N. Thomas
262-5947
United Press International.
Birmingham
L. C. Falk
322-2780 967-4962
433- 2330.. 432-01 02
262- 1951 265-3453
Sources
Mobile
B. W. Parker
Montgomery
B. L. Ford
Select appropriate Pollutant Episode P1an(s), which arerequi~ed for a
pollutant or combination of pollutants, in the affected region(s) or area(s)
and make the necessary contacts as listed in Table 3-1 of the Emergency
Episode Plan for Air Pollution Sources in the State of Alabama.
. .
*Assumed to be Area Code 205 unless otherwise specified. .
A~12
-------
WARNING Declaration Sheet
. Prior level:
Area Affected:
Alert
Emergency
Poll utant(li:
Partic;ulate
502
002
co
Oxidant
Genera 1
Air Quality Data Summary:
-
Meteo ro log i ca 1 Sunma ry :
Other:
WARNING
Conditions Met:
Time
(S19n"ed)
Date
WARNING
Authorized:
Date
Time
By:
Director, Division of Air Pollution Control
To be in effect until
or Emergency
Declared:
Date
ALERT
Time
WARNING Declaration Statement:
A-13
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Page 1 Of 2
COMMUNICATIONS CHECKLIST
Episode WARNING Stage. Notifications
Declared: !Date Time
Business* Home*
Telephone Telephone Called By
Contact Number Number JInitials>, Time
Chairman, Air Pollution
Control Cormrission
I. L. Myers It M. 'D. 269- 7701 272-0827
-
Director, Bureau of
Envi romnenta l' ' Heal th
A. N. Beck 269-7632 263-4852
Director, Air Pollution
Control Commision
W. T. Wi 11i s 269-7634 272-2095
OAP-ATLANTA
Region IV Director
G. B. Welsh (404) 526-3043 ( 404) 289- 51 53
OAP-North Carolina
D. Tyler (919) 549-8411 (919) 498-8810
For Intrastate Regions
Jefferson County
Health Department 324-9571
G. Hardy, M. D. X 308 871-7102
Jefferson County
Health Department 324-9571
B. Robinson X 209 786-7450
For Interstate Regions
Mobile
Offi ce of Mayor
R. B. Doyle, Jr. 438-7431 342-6153
Mobile County
Health Department 432- 1631
G. Newburn, M. D. X 32 861-3627
Mobile County
Health Department 432- 163-1
J. Fibbe X 61 471-3684
*Assumed to be Area Code 205 unless otherwise specified.
A-14
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COMMUNICATIONS CHECKLIST
Episode WARMING Stage Notifications
Contact
Business*
Telephone
Number
Florida State Health
Department
V. D. Patton
Georgia State Health
Department
R. H. Collom
(904) 224-9151
(404) 656-4867
Mississippi State
Health Department
J. H. Curry
(601) 354-6783
Tennessee State
Health Department
H. Hodges
(615) 741-2061
Associated Press
Home*
Telephone
Number
(904) 385';7349
(404) 443-6153
(601) 982-3003
(615) 868-3016
Birmingham
H. G . Harwell
323-5388
Mobil e
S. W. Atkins
433- 1551
Montgomery
R. N. Thomas
262-5947
822-6447
478-4442
United Press International.
322-2780 967-4962
433-2330 432-01 02
262- 1951 265-3453
Sources
Birmingham
L. C. Fa1k
Mobile
B. W. Parker
Montgomery
B. L. Ford
Page 2 of 2
Called By
JInitia1s>' Time
Select appropriate Pollutant Episode P1an(s), which are required for a
pollutant or combination of pollutants, in the affected region(s) or area(s)
and make the necessary contacts as listed in Table 3-1 of the Emergency
Episode Plan for Air Pollution Sources in the State of Alabama.
*Assumed to be Area Code 205 unless otherwise specified.
A-15
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EMERGENCY Declaration Sheet
Area Affected:
POllutant(tl:.
Particulate
S02
N02
co
Oxidant
General
Air Quality Data Sunmary:
......
Meteoro 1 ogi ca 1 SUlllJlary:
Other:
EMERGENCY
Conditions Met:
Date
Time
(Signed)
EMERGENCY
Authorized:
Date
Time
By:
1Director. Division of Air Pol~on Controll
10 be in effect until
WARNING
Declared:
Date
Time
EMERGENCY Declaration Statement:
A-16
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Page 1 Of 2
COMMUNICATIONS CHECKLIST
Ep;sode EMERGENCY Sta~eNot;f;cat;ons
Declared: Date Time
Business* Home*
Telephone Telephone Call ed By
Contact Number Number lInitia1s>, Time
Chairman, Air Pollution
Control Commission
I. L. ~ers, M.'D. 269-7701 272-()827
-
Director, Bureau of
Envi ronmenta l' ' Heal th
A. N. Beck 269:"7632 263-4852
Director, Air Pollution
,Control Commision
W. T. Willis 269-7634 272-2095
OAP-ATLANTA
Region IV Director
G. B. Welsh (404) 526-3043 (404) 289-5153
OAP~North Carolina
D. Ty1 er (919) 549-8411 (919) 498-8810
For Intrastate Regions
Jefferson County
Health Department 324-9571
G. Hardy, M. D. X 308 871-7102
Jefferson County
Health Department 324-9571
8. Robinson X 209 786-7450
For Interstate Regions
Mobile
Offi ce of Mayor
R. B. Doyle, Jr. 438-7431 342-6153
Mobile County
Health Department 432- 1631
G. Newburn, M~ D. X 32 861-3627
Mobi 1 e County
Health Department 432- 163.1
J. Fibbe X 61 471-3684
*Assumed to be Area Code 205 unless otherwise specified.
A-17
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COMMUNICATIONS CHECKLIST
Episode EMERGENCY Stage Notifications
. Contact
Business*
Telephone
Number
Home*
Telephone
Number
Florida State Health
Department
V. D. Patton
(904) 224- 9151
(904) 385-7349
Georgia State Health
Department
R. H. Collom
'~t
(404) 656-4867
(404) 443-6153
Mississippi State
Health Department
,1. H. Curry
Tennessee State
Health Department
H. Hodges
(601) 354-6783
(601) 982-3003
(615) 741-2061
(615) 868-3016
Associated Press
Binningham
H. G. Harwell
Mobil e
S. W. Atkins
323-5388
822-6447
433- 1551
478-4442
Montgomery
R. N. Thomas
262-5947
United Press International
Binningham
L. C. Falk
322- 2780 967-4962
433-2330 432-0102
262- 1951 265-3453
Sources
Mobile
B. W. Parker
Montgomery
B. L. Ford
Page 2 of 2
Called By
.(In1 ti a 1 s t Time
. Select appropriate Pollutant Episode Plan(s), which are required for a
pollutant or combination of pollutants, in the affected region(s) or area(s)
and make the necessary contacts as listed in Table 3-1 of the Emergency
Episode Plan for Air Pollution Sources in the State of Alabama.
*Assumed to be Area Code 205 unless otherwise specified.
A-18
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