Proposed
Rules and Regulations
for the
State of Alabama
November 1971
Prepared For
Environmental Protection Agency
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PROPOSED RULES AND REGULATIONS
FOR THE
STATE OF ALABAMA
November 1971
Prepared For
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Programs
SYSTEMS GROUP
WASHINGTON OPERATIONS
18425.008
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The work upon which this publication is based was performed by
Resources Research, Inc., a subsidiary of TRW Inc., pursuant to
Contact No. 68-02-0048 with the Office of Air Programs, Environmental
Protection Agency
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PREFACE
In developing the Proposed Permit System, Proposed Air Quality Sur-
veillance System, Proposed Emergency Episode Plan, and Proposed Control
Strategy portions of the Alabama Implementation Plan, TRW Systems Group
has been guided by the intent of the Federal Register, August 14, 1971,
as well as extensive direct communication with Environmental Protection
Agency and Alabama Division of Air Pollution Control personnel.
We are particularly indebted to Barry Gilbert and Bill Burch of the
Region IV office, EPA and William Willis, John Daniel, and Cecil Cork of
the Alabama Division of Air Pollution Control for their overall guidance
on this project.
A large number of TRW people participated in this project; those
with the most direct involvement are listed below.
William Dickerson, Project Manager
John Braswell
Gennaro Cangiano
Fredric Hamburg
Robert Herrick (Herrick Associates)
Steven Plotkin
Michael Stern
Thomas Wright
i
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1. INTRODUCTION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
1 .1 SCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
1 .2 PURPOSE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1- 2
2. PERMIT SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-1
Rule 1. DEFINITIONS.............. . . . . . .. 2-1
Rule 2. PERMITS REQUIRED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-1
Rule 3. EXEMPTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-3
Ru1 e 4. TRANSFER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Rule 5. APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-3
Rule 6. CANCELLATION OF APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . .. 2-3
Rule 7. ACTION ON APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-3
Rule 8. PROVISION OF SAMPLING AND TESTING FACILITIES. . . . 2-4
Rule 9. STANDARDS FOR GRANTING APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . .. 2-4
Rule 10. CONDITIONAL APPROVAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-5
Rule 11. TEMPORARY PERMIT TO OPERATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Rule 12. DENIAL OF APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-8
Rule 13. APPEALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Rule 14. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH RULES. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Rule 15. OBJECTIONS TO GRANT OF VARIANCE. . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Rule 16. RULES OF EVIDENCE AT A HEARING. . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
3. CONTROL REGULATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-1
Rule 1. DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Rule 2. CONTROL OF OPEN BURNING AND INCINERATION. . . . .. 3-5
Ru1 e 3. CONTROL OF PARTICULATE EMISSIONS. . . . . . . . .. 3-6
Rule 4. CONTROL OF SULFUR COMPOUND EMISSIONS. . . . . . . . 3-12
Rule 5. CONTROL OF HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM. . . . . . . . 3-14 '
STATIONARY SOURCES
Rule 6. CONTROL OF CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS. . . . . . .. 3-19
Rule 7. CONTROL OF NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS. . . . . . . . 3-19
4. EPISODE PLAN. . . . .
Rule 1. DEFINITIONS.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
; ;
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Rule 2.
Rule 3.
Rule 4.
Rule 5.
Rule 6.
Rule 7.
Rule 8.
Rule 9.
Page
AIR POLLUTION EMERGENCY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
EPISODE CRITERIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
SPECIAL EPISODE CRITERIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
EMISSION REDUCTION PLANS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
EMISSION REDUCTION PLANS FOR TWO POLLUTANTS. . . . . 4-22
EMISSION REDUCTION PLANS FOR GENERAL EPISODES. . . . 4-22
EMISSION REDUCTION PLAN FOR LOCAL EPISODES. . . . . 4-27
EMISSION REDUCTION PLANS FOR OTHER SOURCES. . . . . 4-27
iii
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Table
LIST OF TABLES
3-1 ALLOWABLE PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSION BASED ON HEAT
I N P UT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-2 ALLOWABLE PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSION BASED ON PROCESS
WEIGHT RATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv
Page
. . . . 3-9
. . . . 3-11
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1.
INTRODUCTION
On April 30, 1971 (Federal Register, Vol. 36), pursuant to Section 109
.of the Clean Air Act, as amended, the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency promulgated national air quality standards for sulfur
oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants,
hydrocarbons and nitrogen dioxide. Within nine months, e.g., no later than
January 30, 1972, the State of Alabama is required by Section 110 of the
Act to adopt and submit to the enforcement of such national standards
within the State's portion of the Alabama Interstate Air Quality Control
Region. These proposed Rules and Regulations along with the following
four documents fulfills these requirements.
1.
Proposed Air Quality Surveillance System for the State
of Alabama.
Proposed Permit System for Sources of Air Pollution in
the State of Alabama.
Proposed Control Strategy for the State of Alabama.
Proposed Episode Plan for the State of Alabama.
II.
III.
IV.
The following proposed rules and regulations provide general measures
as well as specific guidelines necessary for the attainment and maintenance
of air quality standards for the State of Alabama. These rules and regu-
lations are adopted in part from National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Appendix 8, Air Pollution Control Regulations, Federal Register, Vol. 36,
No. 67, April 7, 1971; the example Environmental Protection Agency
Regulations for Prevention of Air Pollution Emergency Episodes, Part 420,
Appendix L, Federal Register, Vol. 36, No. 158, August 14, 1971; and
Miscellaneous Amendments, Federal Register, Vol. 36, No. 206, October 23,
1971, as well as the four previously mentioned documents.
1.1
SCOPE
The rules and regulations as described herein shall apply to all
operations in the State of Alabama, including Federal operations, where
consistent with the terms of the Clean Air Act, as amended, regulations
promulgated thereunder, and Executive Order No. 11507, entitled Prevention,
Control, and Abatement of Air and Water Pollution at Federal Facilities."
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1.2 PURPOSE
The purpose of these rules and regulations is to govern the
application of the Implementation Planning Program for the State of
Alabama and are meant to supplement the regulations in the Alabama Air
Pollution Control Act of 1971, Act #769, Regular Session, 1971.
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Rule 1.
"Rule 2.
2.
PERMIT SYSTEM
DEFINITIONS
a.
Air Pollution Emergency means a situation in which meteorolo
gical conditions and/or contaminant levels in the ambient air
reach or exceed the levels which may cause imminent and sub-
stantial endangerment to health.
b.
Control means any device which has the function of controlling
the emissions from a process, fuel-burning, or refuse-burning
device and thus reduces the creation of, or the emission of,
air contaminants into the atmosphere, or both.
c.
Source means any physical arrangement, condition or structure
which may emit air contaminants. Any activity which utilizes
abrasives or chemicals for cleaning or any other purpose which
emits air contaminants such as cleaning the exterior of buildings
shall be considered a source and may be required to obtain a
Permit to Operate and comply with any other applicable parts.
PERMITS REQUIRED
a.
Permit to Construct
Any person, building, erecting, altering or replacing any article,
machine, equipment or other contrivance, the use of which may
cause the issuance of or an increase in the issuance of air
contaminants or the use of which may eliminate or reduce or con-
trol the issuance of air contaminants, shall first obtain
authorization for such construction from the DAPC in the form
of a Permit to Construct. A Permit to Construct shall remain
in effect until the permit to operate the equipment for which
the application was filed ;s granted or denied or the applica-
tion ;s cancelled.
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b.
Permit to Operate
(1) Before any article, machine, equipment or other contrivance
described in Rule 2a may be operated or used, a written permit
shall be obtained from the DAPC. No Permit to Operate shall
be granted for any article, machine, equipment or contrivance
described in Rule 2a, constructed or installed without
authorization as required by Rule 2a, until the information
required is presented to the DAPC and such artic1e,machine,
equipment or contrivance is altered, if necessary, and made
to conform to the standards established by the Commission.
(2) Any article, machine, equipment or other contrivance described
in Rule 2a which is presently operating (or which is not presently
operating but which is capable of being operated) without a Permit
to Operate, may continue to operate (or may restart) only if
its operator obtains a Permit to Operate prior to a date to be
set by the Director (or prior to restarting).
(3) The Director shall have the authority to decide cases where an
article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance is not clearly
subject to nor exempt from the Permit ~ystem. In addition,
the Director may rule that a particular article, machine, equip-
ment or other contrivance is subject to the Permit System even
though it is exempt from the System according to Rules 2a, 2b,
and 3. The operator or builder of such an article, machine, equip-
ment or other contrivance may appeal the Director's classification
to the Commission, which shall overrule the Director only if it is
shown that he acted arbitrarily and contrary to the purposes of
the Control Act.
c.
Display of Permit to Operate
A person who has been granted a Permit to Operate any article,
machine, equipment, or other contrivance shall keep such Permit
under file or on display at all times at the site where the
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Rule 3.
Rule 4.
Rul e 5..
Rule 6.
Rule 7.
article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance is located and
will make such a permit readily available for inspection by any
and all persons who may request to see it.
EXEMPTIONS
From time to time the Director may specify certain classes or
sizes of articles, machines, equipment, or other contrivances
which would normally be subject to the requirement to obtain
Permits to Operate or Construct, as being exempt from the
requirement to obtain such permits. Exempt sources are subject
in every other way to the Rules and Regulations of the Commission.
TRANSFER
A Permit to Construct or Operate shall not be transferable
whether by operation of law or otherwise, either from one
location to another, from one piece of equipment to another, or
from one person to another.
APPLICATIONS
Every application for a Permit to Construct or Operate required
under Rule 2 shall be filed in the manner and form prescribed
by the DAPC and shall give all the information necessary to
enable the DAPC to make the determination required by Rule 9
hereof.
CANCELLATION OF APPLICATIONS
A Permit to Construct shall expire and the application shall be
canceled two years from the date of issuance of the Permit to
Construct if the construction has not begun.
ACTION ON APPLICATIONS
DAPC shall act, within a reasonable time, on an application for
authority to construct, Permit to Operate or.permit to sell or
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Rule 8.
Rule 9.
rent, and shall notify the applicant in writing of its approval,
conditional approval or denial.
PROVISION OF SAMPLING AND TESTING FACILITIES
a.
A person operating or using any article, machine, equipment or
other contrivance for which these rules require a permit shall
provide and maintain such sampling and testing facilities as
specified in the {Jermit to Construct or P~rlilit to Operate.
STANDARDS FOR GRAlfjH~G APPLICATIOi~S
DAPC shall deny a permit except as provided in Rule 10, if the
applicant does not show that every article, machine, equipment
or other contrivance, the use of which may cause the issuance
of air contaminants, or the use of which may eliminate or reduce
or control the issuance of air contaminants, is 50 designed,
controlled, or equipped with such air pollution control equip-
ment, that it may be expected to operate without emitting or
without causing to be emitted air contaminants ir violation of
these Rules and Regulations.
b.
The DAPC shall deny a permit if the applicant does not present,
in writing, a plan whereby the emission of air contaminar.ts
by every article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance
described in the permit application, will be reduced during
periods of an Air Pollution Alert, Air Pollution Warning, and
Air Pollution Emergency in accordance with the Episode Plan
Rules and Regulations.
c. before a Permi t to Cons truct or Permi t to Operate is granted,
the DAPC may require the applicant to provide and maintain such
facilities as are necessary for sampling and testing purposes
in order to secure information that will disclose the nature,
extent, quantity or degree of air contaminants discharged into
the atmosphere from the article, machine, equipment or other
contrivance described in the Permit to Construct or Permit to
Operate. 'In the event of such a requirement, the DAPC shall
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Ru le 1 0 .
notify the applicant in writing of the required size. number and
location of the sampling platform. the access to the sampling
platform; and the utilities for operating the sampling and
testing equipment.
d.
The DAPC may also require the applicant to install. use and
maintain such monitoring equipment or methods; sample such
emissions in accordance with such methods. at such locations.
intervals and procedures as may be specified; and provide such
information as the DAPC may require.
e.
Before acting on an application for Permit to Construct or
Permit to Operate. the DAPC may require the applicant to furnish
further information or further plans or specifications.
f.
In acting upon a Permit to Operate. if the DAPCfinds that the
article. machine. equipment or other contrivance has been con-
structed not in accordance with the Permit to Construct. and
if the changes noted are of a substantial nature in that the
amount of air contaminants emitted by the article. machine.
equipment or other contrivance may be increased, or in that the
effect is unknown, then it shall deny the Permit to Operate.
The DAPC shall not accept any further application for a Permit
to Operate until the article. machine, equipment or other con-
trivance has been reconstructed in accordance with the Authority
to Construct. or until the applicant has proven to the satisfaction
of the DAPC that the change will not cause an increase in the
emission of air contaminants.
CONDITIONAL APPROVAL
a.
The DAPC may issue a Permit to Construct or a Permit to Operate
subject to conditions which will bring the operation of any
article. machine, equipment or other contrivance within the
standards of Rule 9, in which case the conditions shall be
specified in writing. Commencing work under such a Permit to
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Construct or Operate such a Perlllit to Operate shall be
deemed acceptance of all the conditions specified. The
DAPC shall issue a Permit to Construct or a Permit to uperate
with revised conditions upon receipt of a new application, if
the applicant demonstrates that the article, machine, equip-
ment or other contrivance can operate within the standards of
Rule 9 under the revised conditions.
b.
A Conditional Permit may allow an article, machine, equipment,
or other contrivance to be operated in violation of the conditions
of Rule 9 if one of the conditions of the permit is a definite
schedule by which the article, machine, equipment, or contrivance
may attain the conditions of Rule 9 and be granted a Permit to
Operate. A Conditional Permit will be revoked if the applicant
does not submit progress reDorts to the DAPC according to the
schedule establishpd bv th~ Conditional Pen11it. The DAPC may
further revoke thf. Conditional Pennit if the progress reports
do not show satisfactory progress as specified by the terms
of the Condi ti onal Permi t or if the progress reports are
found to be inaccurate.
c.
A Conditional Permit that allows an article, machine, equipment
or contrivance to operate in violation of the Standards of
Rule 9 may not be granted for a period of time greater than one
year, including all renewals. In addition, no Conditional
Permit issued on or after a date one year after the promulgation
of the Implementation Plan may allow the article, machine,
equipment or contrivance to operate in violation of the Standards
of Rule 9 for a period of time longer than the greatest of the
following two periods:
(1) 60 days
(2)
The period from the granting of the permit to a date two
years after the promulgation of this Implementation Plan.
(Thus, when two years have passed after the promulgation
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Rule
i .
of the Implementation Plan, any article, machine, equipment
or contrivance will require a variance to legally operate
in violation of the Stanqards of Rule 9 for a period of time
greater than 60 days.)
11. TEMPORARY PERMIT TO OPERATE
a. Upon application for a Permit to Operate by a new facility, the
Director shall, within a reasonahle period of time, dispatch
an inspector to the facility in question. If the inspector
determines that the facility has been constructed according to
the specifications as set forth under the Permit to Construct,
or else that any changes to the facility would reduce or effect
to an unsubstantial degree the quantity of air contaminants
emitted by the facility, and if a reviewing officer of the
Division agrees with this conclusion, then the Director shall
issue a temporary Permit to Operate which will remain in force
until an official inspection of the facility under actual
operating conditions can be made and the results reviewed, or
until the Temporary Permit is suspended or revoked by the Director.
The Director may issue a Temporary Permit to Operate without an
inspection if the applicant fulfills the following requirements:
U)
The application for a Permit to
countersigned by a Professional
pollution control as it relates
application.
Construct is filled out and
Engineer familiar with air
to the equipment under
~)
Upon completion of the construction, the Professional Engineer
noted above submits a letter to the Director, signed and sealed
with his professional stamp, testifying that the construction
under application has been completed and is in accordance with
the specifications as set down in the Permit to Construct.
The Director is empowered to reject the testimony of the
Professional Engineer if the Director decides that the
Professional Engineer's qualifications are insufficient to
allow him to accurately and completely assess the equipment
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the equipment in question. A Professional Engineer may appeal
any such judgement to the Commission.
Rule 12. DENIAL OF APPLICATIONS
In the event of denial of a Permit to Construct or Permit to
Operate, the DAPC shall notify the applicant in writing of the
reasons therefor. Service of this notification may be made in
person or by mail, and such service may be proved by the written
acknowledgement of the persons served or affidavit of the person
making the service. The DAPC shall not accept a further application
unless the applicant has complied with the objections specified
by the DAPe as its reasons for denial of the Permit to Construct
or the Permit to Operate.
Rule 13. APPEALS
a. Within 10 days after notice by the DAPC of denial or conditional
approval of a Permit to Construct or Permit to Operate, the
applicant may petition the Commission, in writing, for a review.
The Commission may sustain or reverse the action of the DAPC;
such order may be made subject to specified conditions.
b. The applicant may also petition the Commission for a variance,
as prescribed by the Control Act. A petition for a variance
must state the following:
(1) The name, address and telephone number of the petitioner,
or other person authorized to receive service of notices.
(2) Whether the petitioner is an individual, co-partnership,
corporation or other entity, and names and address of the
officers, if a corporation, and the names and address of
the persons in control, if other entity.
(3) The type of business or activity involved in the application
and the street address at which it is conducted.
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(4) A brief description of the article, machine" equipment or
other contrivance, if any, involved in the application.
(5) The signature of the petitioner, or that of some person on
his behalf, and, where the person signing is not the
petitioner, the authority to sign.
(6} The requirement, rule, or order complained of.
(7) The facts showing why compliance with the requirement, rule
or order would impose serious hardship on the petitioner or
on any other person or persons without equal or greater
benefits to the public. .
(8) The facts showing why the emissions occurring or proposed
do not endanger or tend to endanger human health or safety,
human comfort, and aesthetic values.
(9) For what period of time the variance is sought and why.
(10) The requirements the petitioner can meet and the date when
petitioner can comply with such requirements.
(11) Whether or not any case involving the same identical equip-
ment or process is pending in any court, civil or criminal.
c. All petitions shall be typewritten, double spaced, on legal
or letter size paper, on one side of the paper only.
Rule 14. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH RULES
a. The Clerk of the Commission shall not accept for filing, any
petition which does not comply with these Rules relating to
the form, filing and service of petitions unless the chairman
or any two members of the Commission direct otherwise and confirm
such direction in writing. Such direction need not be made at
a meeting of the Commission.
b. The Chairman or any two members, without a meeting, may require
the petitioner to state further facts or reframe a petition so
as to disclose clearly the issues involved.
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Rule 15.
OBJECTIONS TO GRANT OF VARIANCE
a. A person may file a written objection to the grant of a variance
within 21 days from initial public notice and thus insure that
a public hearing will be held, according to Section 12d of the
Control Act.
b. An objection to the grant of a variance must state:
(1) The objector's name, address, and telephone number.
(2) Whether the objector is an individual, co-partnership
corporation or other entity, and names and address of the
partners if a co-partnership, names and address of the
officer, if a corporation, and the names and address of
the persons in control, if other entity.
(3) A specification of which petition for a variance is being
objected to.
(4) A statement indicating why the objector believes that the
variance should not be granted.
c. All objections should be typewritten or carefully printed in
ink on legal or letter size paper.
Rule 16. RULES OF EVIDENCE AT A HEARING
a; Each party shall have these rights: to call and examine
witnesses; to introduce exhibits; to cross-examine opposing
witnesses on any matter relevant to the issues even though
that matter was not covered in the direct examination; to
impeach any witness regardless of which party first called him
to testify; and to rebut the evidence against him. If
respondent does not testify in his own behalf he may be called
and examined as if under cross-examination.
b. The hearing need not be conducted according to technical rules
relating to evidence and witnesses. Any relevant evidence
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~ ---.-
shall be submitted if it is the sort of evidence on which
responsible persons are accustomed to rely in the conduct of
serious affairs, regardless of the existence of any common law
or statutory rule which might make improper the admission of
such evidence over objection in civil actions. Hearsay
evidence may be used for the purpose of supplementing or
explaining any direct evidence but shall not be sufficient in
itself to support a finding unless it would be admissible over
objection in civil actions. The rules of privilege shall be
effective to the same extent that they are now or hereafter may
be recognized in civil actions, and irrelevant and unduly
repetitious evidence shall be excluded.
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Rule 1.
3.
CONTROL REGULATIONS
DEFINITIONS
a.
Control means any device which has the function of controlling
the emissions from a process, fuel-burning, or refuse-burning
device and thus reduces the creation of, or the emission of air
contaminants into the atmosphere, or both.
Control Strategy means a collection of various emission standards
selected for the different categories of sources.
"
b.
c.
Control Regulation means a legally enforceable emission control
strategy.
County Classification means the designation Class 1 County or
Class 2 County. All facilities, plants or other installations
shall be subject to the restrictions on air pollution emissions
specific to the county classification of the county in which
they are located.
(1) A Class 2 County is defined as a county in which:
d.
(a) More than 50 percent of the county population resides
in a non-urban place, as defined by the U.S. Depart-
ment of Commerce Census Bureau for 1970.
(b)
No secondary Nation Ambient Air Quality standard is
being exceeded based on 1971 air quality measurements.
(2) A Class 1 County is defined as a county in which either
Rule l.d.(l)(a) or (b) or both are not met.
e.
Effluent Water Separator means any tank, box, sump, or other con-
tainer in which any volatile organic compound floating on or en-
trained or contained in water entering such tank, box, sump, or
other container is physically separated and removed from such
water prior to outfall, drainage, or recovery of such water.
Fuel-Burning Equipment means any equipment, device, or contrivance
and all appurtenances thereto, including ducts, breechings, fuel-
feeding equipment, ash removal equipment, combustion controls,
stacks and chimney, used primarily, but not exclusively, to burn
any fuel for the purpose of indirect heating in which the material
f.
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g.
being heated is not contacted by and adds no substance to the
products of combustion.
Fugitive Dust means solid air-borne particulate matter emitted
from any source other than a flue or stack.
h.
Heat Available means the aggregate heat content of all fuels whose
products of combustion pass through a stack or stacks.
i.
Heat Input means the equipment manufacturer's or designer's
guaranteed maximum (whichever is greater) capacity of the fuel
combusti on unit.
j.
Incinerator means any equipment, device or contrivance and all
appurtenances thereof used for the destruction by burning of solid,
semi-solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes.
k.
Maximum Process Weight Per Hour means the equipment manufacturer's
or designer's guaranteed maximum (whichever is greater) process
weight per hour.
Multiple Chamber Incinerator means any incinerator consisting of
three or more refractory lined combustion chambers in series,
physically separated by refractory walls, interconnected by gas
passage ports or ducts and employing adequate design parameters
necessary for maximum combustion of the material to be burned.
1.
m.
New Source means equipment, machines, devices, articles, contri-
vances, or installations built or installed on or after the effec-
tive date of these regulations, and installations existing at said
stated time which are later altered, repaired, or rebuilt. Any
equipment moved to another premise involving a change of address,
or purchased and to be operated by a new owner, or when a new lessee
desires to operate such equipment after the effective date of
these regulations shall be considered a new source.
n.
Odor means smells or aromas which are unpleasant to persons, or
which tend to lessen human food and water intake, interfere with
sleep, upset appetite, produce irritation of the upper respiratory
tract, or cause symptoms of nausea, or which by their inherent
chemical or physical nature, or method of processing, are, or may
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o.
be, detrimental or dangerous to health.
interchangeably herein.
Opacity means the obscuration to an observer's view produced by
smoke of any color that ;s equivalent to an obscuration by smoke
of a shade specified in the Ringelmann Smoke Chart published by
the United States Bureau of Mines.
Odor and smell are used
p.
Open Burning means the burning of any matter in such a manner that
the products of combustion resulting from the burning are emitted
directly into the ambient air without passing through an adequate
stack, duct, or chimney.
q.
Operating Time means the number of hours per year that a source
conducts operations.
Particulate Matter means finely divided material, except uncombined
water which is a liquid or a solid at standard conditions of
temperature at 6BoF and pressure at 14.7 pounds per square inch
absolute.
r.
s.
Process means any action, operation, or treatment of materials,
including handling and storage thereof, which may cause discharge
of an air contaminant, or contaminants, into the atmosphere, but
excluding fuel. burning and refuse burning.
Process Weight means the total weight in pounds of all materials
introduced into any specific process which may cause any discharge
into the atmosphere.
t.
u.
Process Weight Per Hour means the total weight of all materials
introduced into any specific process that may cause any discharge
of particulate matter. Solid fuels charged will be considered
as part of the process weight, but liquid and gaseous fuels and
combustion air will not. For a cyclical or batch operation, the
process weight per hour will be derived by dividing the total
process weight by the number of hours in one complete operation
from the beginning of any given process to the completion thereof,
excluding any time during which the equipment is idle. For a
continuous operation, the process weight per hour will be de-
3~3
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a.a.
b.b.
v.
rived by dividing the process weight for a typical period of
time by that time period.
Refuse means matter consisting of garbage, rubbish, ashes,
street debris, dead animals, abandoned vehicles, industrial
wastes, demolition wastes, construction wastes, special wastes,
or sewage treatment residue.
w.
Ringelmann Chart means the chart published and described in
U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8333.
x.
Smoke means small gas-borne particles resulting from incomplete
combustion, consisting predominantly, but not exclusively, of
carbon, ashes, or other combustible material.
y.
Soiling Index means a measure of the soiling properties of sus-
pended particles in air determined by drawing a measured volume
of air through a known area of Whatman No.4 filter paper for a
measured period of time, expressed as COHs/l,OOO linear feet.
Source means any physical arrangement, condition, or structure
which may emit air contaminants. Any activity which utilizes
abrasives or chemicals for cleaning or any other purpose which
emits air contaminants such as cleaning the exterior of buildings
shall be considered a source and shall ,be required to obtain
a permit to operate and comply with any other applicable parts.
z.
Stack means any chimney, flue, conduit, or duct that is arranged,
or used, to conduct a gaseous or particulate effluent, or both,
to the open air.
Submerged Fill Pipe means any fill pipe, the discharge opening
of which is entirely submerged when the liquid level is 6 inches
above the bottom of the tank; or when applied to a tank which
is loaded from the side, shall mean any fill pipe, the discharge
opening of which is entirely submerged when the liquid level
is two times the fill pipe diameter, in inches, above the bottom
of the tank.
3-4
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c.c.
d.d.
Rule 2.
Use Factor means the ratio of the equipment manufacturer's or
designer's guaranteed maximum (whichever is greater) source
capacity divided by the source usage.
(1)
Fuel Combustion Sources
The Use Factor for fuel combustion sources is defined
as the ratio of the Heat Input divided by the Heat
Available.
(2)
Process Sources
The Use Factor for process sources
ratio of the Maximum Process Weight
by the Process Weight Per Hour.
Volatile Organic Compounds mean any compound containing carbon
and hydrogen or containing carbon and hydrogen in combination
with any other element which has a vapor pressure of 1.5 pounds
per square inch absolute or greater under actual storage con-
ditions.
is defined as the
Per Hour divided
CONTROL OF OPEN BURNING AND INCINERATION
a.
Open Burning
No person shall ignite, cause to be ignited, permit to be ignited,
or maintain any open fire except as follows:
(l) Open fires for the cooking of food for human consumption
on other than commercial premises;
(2 )
(3)
Fires for recreational or ceremonial purposes;
Fires to abate a fire hazard, providing the hazard
is so declared by the fire department or fire dis-
trict having jurisdiction;
Fires for prevention or control of disease or pests;
(4)
(5)
Fires for training personnel in the methods of fighting
fires;
(6)
Fires for the disposal of dangerous materials, where
there is no alternate method of disposal and burning
is approved by the Director.
3-5
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Rule 3.
(7)
Fires for the disposal of leaves on other than com-
mercial premises;
b.
(8) Open fires specifically approved by the Director.
Incinerator Design and Operation
(1) All new incinerators and all existing incinerators
within 18 months after adopted date of this regulation
shall be multiple-chamber incinerators, provided that
the Director may approve any other type of incincerator
if it is demonstrated such design provides equivalent
performance. .
(2) No person shall operate or cause or permit the operation
of any incinerator at any time other than between the
hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. This restriction shall
not apply to incinerators having a refuse-burning capa-
city of five tons per hour or more.
(3)
Incinerators shall be designed and operated in such a
manner as is necessary to prevent the emission of ob-
jectionable odors.
(4) No person shall cause or permit to be emitted into the
open air from any lncinerator, particulate matter in
the exhaust gases to exceed 0.10 pounds per 100 pounds
of refuse charged.
(5) Emission tests shall be conducted at maximum burning
capacity of the incinerator.
(6) The burning capacity of an incinerator shall be the
manufacturer's or designer's guaranteed maximum rate
or such other rate as may be determined by the Director
in accordance with good engineering practices. In
case of conflict, the determination made by the Direc-
tor shall govern.
(7) For the purposes of this regulation, the total of the
capacities of all furnaces within one system shall be
considered as the incinerator capacity.
CONTROL OF PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
a.
Visible Emissions
3-6
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b.
(1)
Visible Emissions Restrictions for Stationary Sources
(a)
No person shall discharge into the atmosphere
from any single source of emission whatsoever
any air contaminant of a shade or density equal
to or darker than that designated as No.1 on the
Ringelmann chart or 20 percent opacity.
(b) A person may discharge into the atmosphere from
any single source of emission for a period or
periods aggregating not more than three minutes
in any 60 minutes air contaminants of a shade of
density not darker than that designated as No.3
on the Ringelmann chart or 60 percent opacity.
(2)
Visible Emission from Mobile Sources
No person shall operate, or cause to be operated, upon
any street, highway, public place, stream or waterway,
within the State of Alabama any internal combustion
engines of any motor vehicle, boat, tug or other vehicle,
while stationary or moving, which emits from any source
any unreasonable and excessive smoke or objectional
odor.
(3)
Visible Emissions
No person shall cause or permit the discharge of visible
emissions beyond the lot line of the property on which
the emissions originate.
(4)
Uncombined Water
Where the presence of uncombined water is the only
reason for failure of an emission to meet the require-
ments of this regulation (Rule 3.a.), such sections
shall not apply.
Fugiti ve Dust
(1)
No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or permit any
materials to be handled, transported, or stored; or a
building, its appurtenances, or a road to be used,
constructed, altered, repaired or demolished without
taking reasonable precautions to prevent particulate
matter from becoming airborne. Such reasonable pre-
cautions shall include, but not be limited to, the
fo 11 owi ng :
(a)
Use, where possible, of water or chemicals for
control of dust in the demolition of existing
buildings or structures, construction operations,
the grading of roads or the clearing of land;
3-7
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(b)
App1icatlon of asphalt, oil, water, or suitable
chemicals on dirt roads, materials stock piles,
and other surfaces which can create airborne'
dusts;
(c)
Insta1.1ation and use of hoods, fans, and fabric
filters to enclose and vent the handling of dusty
materials. Adequate containment methods shall be
employed during sandblasting or other similar
operations.
(2 )
c.
When dust, fumes, gases, mist, odorous matter, vapors, or
any combination thereof escape from a building or equip-
ment in such a manner and amount as to cause a nuisance
or to violate any regulation, the Director may order
that the building or equipment in which processing,
handling and storage are done be tightly closed and
ventilated in such a way that all air and gases and air
or gas-borne material leaving the building or equipment
are treated by removal or destruction of air contaminants
before discharge to the open air.
Fuel Burning Equipment
(1)
Class 1 Counties: No person shall cause or permit the
emission of particulate matter from fuel-burning equip-
ment in a Class 1 county in excess of the amount shown
in Table 3-1 for the heat input allocated to such source.
For sources in Class 1 counties, interpolation of the
data in Table 3-1 for heat input values between 10 million
BTU/hr and 250 million BTU/hr shall be accomplished by
the use of the equation:
E = 1. 58H-O. 50
(2 )
E = Emissions in lb/mi1lion BTU
H = Heat Input in millions of BTU/hr
Class 2 Counties: No person shall cause or permit the
emission of particulate matter from fuel-burning equip-
ment in a Class 2 county in excess of the amount shown
in Table 3-1 for the heat input allocated to such source.
For sources in Class 2 counties, interpolation of the
data in Table 3-1 for heat input values between 10 million
BTU/hr and 250 million BTU/hr shall be accomplished
by the use of the equation:
E = 3.54H-0.65
where:
where:
E = Emissions in lb/mil1ion BTU
H = Heat Input in millions of BTU/hr
3-8
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TABLE 3-1 ALLOWABLE PARTICULATE MATTER
EMISSION BASED ON HEAT INPUT
Heat Input Allowable Emission (lb/mi11ion BTU)
(millions of BTU/hr) Class 1 County Class 2 County
1. .5 .8
10. .5 .8
20. .35 .51
40. .25 .33
60. .20 .25
80. . 18 .21
100. .16 . 18
150. . 13 .14
200. .11 . 12
250. . 1 . 1
1,000,000. . 1 . 1
3-9
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d.
(3)
For purposes of this regulation (Rule 3.c), the total
heat input from all similar fuel combustion units at
a plant or premises shall be used for determinin9 the
maximum allowable emission of particulate matter that
passes through a stack or stacks. The allowable emis-
sions on an annual basis shall be calculated by the use
of the equation:
E H OT
AE = 2000 UF
where:
AE = Annual emission rate in tons/year
E = Emission rate as determined by Rule 3.c.
in lb/million BTU
H = Heat input in millions of BTU/hr
OT = Source operating time in hours/year
UF = Use factor.
(4)
No person shall cause or permit the type or quantity
of fuel utilized by a source to be changed in such a
manner that the source particulate matter emissions are
increased. The existing type and quantity of fuels
utilized by a source are defined as those fuels in
use in 1971. .
(5)
New sources emitting particulate matter shall be subject
to the regulations for Class 1 Counties, Rule 3.c.(1).
Process Industries - General
(1)
Class 1 Counties: No person shall cause or permit the
emission of particulate matter in anyone hour from
any source in a Class 1 county in excess of the amount
shown in Table 3-2 for the process weight per hour
allocated to such source. For sources in Class 1 coun-
ties, interpolation of the data in Table 3-2 for the
process weight per hour values up to 60,000 lbs/hr shall
be accomplished by use of the equation:
E = 3.59 pO.62 P ~ 30 tons/hr
and interpolation and extrapolation of the data for
process weight per hour values in excess of 60,000
lbs/hr shall be accomplished by use of the equation:
E = 17.31 pO.16 P > 30 tons/hr
where:
E = Emissions in pounds per hour
p = Process weight per hour in tons per hour.
(2)
Class 2 Counties: No person shall cause or permit the
emission of particulate matter in anyone hour from any
3-10
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TABLE 3-2 ALLOWABLE PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSION BASED ON
PROCESS WEIGHT RATE
Process Weight Rate Allowable Emission Rate (lbfhr)
(1 bfhr) Cl ass 1 County C1 ass 2 County
100 0.55 0.55
[, 500 1.53 1. 61
1 ,000 2.25 2.58
5,000 6.34 7.58
10,000 9.23 12.00
20,000 14.99 19.20
i'
60,000 29.60 40.00
80,000 31.19 42.50
120,000 33.28 46.30
160,000 34.85 49.00
200,000 36.11 51.2
1,000,000 46.72 69.00
3-11
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Rule 4.
source in a Class 2 county in excess of the amount shown
in Table 3-2 for the process weight per hour allocated
to such source. For sources in Class 2 counties inter-
polation of the data in Table 3-2 for the process weigh
per hour values up to 60,000 1bs/hr shall be accomplished
by use of the equation:
E = 4.10 pO.67 , P ~ 30 tons/hr
and interpolation and extrapolation of the data for
process weight per hour values in excess of 60,000
1bs/hr shall be accomplished by use of the equation:
E = 55.0 pO.l1 P > 30 tons/hr
E = Emissions in pounds per hour
P = Process weight per hour in tons per hour.
(3) Where the nature of any process or operation or the
design of any equipment is such as to permit more than
one interpretation of this regulation (Rule 3.d), the
interpretation that results in the minimum value for
allowable emission shall apply.
where:
(4)
For purposes of this regulation (Rule 3.d), the total
process weight from all similar process units at a
plant or premises shall be used for determining the
maximum allowable emission of particulate matter that
passes through a stack or stacks. The allowable emis-
, sions on an annual basis shall be calculated by the use
of the equation:
AE = E OT
2000 UF
where:
AE = Annual emission rate in tons/year
E = Emission rate as determined by Rule 3.d
in lbs/hr
OT = Source operating time in hours/year
UF = Use factor
(5)
New sources emitting particulate matter shall be subject
to the regulations for Class 1 counties, Rule 3.d.(l'.
CONTROL OF SULFUR COMPOUND EMISSIONS
a.
Fuel Combustion
(1)
Class 1 Counties. No person shall cause or permit the
operation of a fuel burning installation in a Class 1
county in such a manner that sulfur oxides, measured
3-12
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b.
(2)
as sulfur dioxide, are emitted in excess of 1.0 pound
per million BTU heat input.
Class 2 Counties. No person shall cause or permit the
operation of a fuel burning installation in a Class
2 county in such a manner that sulfur' oxides, measured
as sulfur dioxide, are emitted in excess of 1.5 pounds
per million BTU heat input.
(3)
For purposes of this regulation (Rule 3.d), the total
heat input from all similar fuel combustion units at a
plant or premises shall be used for determining the
maximum allowable emission of sulfur dioxide that passes
through a stack or stacks. The allowable emissions
on an annual basis shall be calculated by the use of
the equation:
E H OT
AE = 2000 UF
where:
AE = Annual emission rate in tons/year
E = Emission rate as determined by Rule 3.d
in lbs/million BTU
OT = Source operating time in hours/year
UF = Use factor
(4)
No person shall cause or permit the type or quantity
of fuel utilized by a source to be changed in such a
manner that the source sulfur dioxide emission is in-
creased. The existing type and quantity of fuels
utilized by a source are defined as those fuels in use
in 1971.
(5) New sources emitting sulfur' oxides, measured as sulfur
dioxide, shall be subject to the regulations for Class
1 counties, Rule 4.a.(1).
(6)
No person shall cuase or permit the emission or combustion
of any refinery process gas stream or any other process
gas stream that contains H2S in concentrations greater
than 150 ppm without removal of the hydrogen sulfide in
excess of this concentration.
Sulfuric Acid Plants
(1)
No person shall cause or permit sulfur dioxide tail gas
emissions from sulfuric acid manufacturing plants to
exceed 6.5 lb/ton of 100 percent acid produced. The
tail gas acid mist emissions are not to exceed 0.5 lb/
ton of acid produced and the sulfur trioxide emissions
are not to exceed 0.2 lb/ton of acid produced.
3-13
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Rule 5.
c.
Sulfur Recovery Plants
(1)
No person shall cause or permit the sulfur oxide emission
from a sulfur recovery plant to exceed 0.01 pounds per
pound of sulfur processed.
CONTROL OF HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
a.
Storage of Volatile Organic Materials
(1)
No person shall place, store, or hold in any stationary
tank reservoir or other container of more than 40,000
gallons capacity any volatile organic compounds unless
such tank, reservoir, or other container is a pressure
tank capable of maintaining working pressures sufficient
at all times to prevent vapor or gas loss to the atmos-
phere or is designed, and equipped with one of the fol-
lowing vapor loss control devices:
(a) A floating roof, consisting of a pontoon type,
double deck type roof or internal floating cover,
which will rest on the surface of the liquid con-
tents and be equipped with a closure seal or seals
to close the space between the roof edge and tank
wall. This control equipment shall not be permit-
ted if the volatile organic compounds have a vapor
pressure of 11.0 pounds per square inch absolute
(568 mm.Hg) or greater under actual storage con-
ditions. All tank gauging or sampling devices
shall be gas-tight except when tank gauging or
sampling is taking place.
(b) A vapor recovery system, consisting of a vapor
gathering system capable of collecting the volatile
organic compound vapors and gases discharged and
a vapor disposal system capable of processing
such volatile organic vapors and gases so as to
prevent their emission to the atmosphere and with
all tank gauging and sampling devices gas-tight
except when gauging or sampling is taking place.
(c) Other equipment or means of equal efficiency for
purposes of air pollution control as may be ap-
proved by the Director.
(2) No person shall place, store, or hold in any sta-
tionary storage vessel more than 250-gallon capacity
any volatile organic compound unless such vessel is
equipped with a permanent submerged fill pipe or
is a pressure tank as described in Rule 5.a.(1), or
is fitted with a vapor recovery system as documented
in Rule 5.a.(1)(b).
3-14
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b.
Volatile Organic Materials Loading Facilities
(1)
No person shall load any volatile organic compounds
into any tank, truck or trailer from any loading facility
unless such loading facility is equipped with a vapor
collection and disposal system or its equivalent, pro-
perly installed, in good working order; and in operation.
No person shall load any volatile organic compounds into
any tank, truck or trailer having a capacity in excess
of 200 gallons unless such loading facility is equipped
with a loading arm with a vapor collection adaptor,
pneumatic, hydraulic, or other mechanical means which
forces a vapor-tight seal between the adaptor and the
hatch. A means shall be provided to prevent liquid or-
ganic compounds drainage from the loading device when
it is removed from the hatch of any tank, truck or
trailer. When loading is effected through means other
than hatches, all loading and vapor lines shall be
equipped with fittings which make vapor-tight connections
and which close automatically when disconnected.
(2)
c.
Volatile Organic Compound Water Separation
(1) No person shall use any compartment of any single or
multiple compartment volatile organic compound water
separation which receives effluent water containing
200 gallons a day or more of any equipment processing,
refining, treating, storing, or handling volatile or-
ganic compounds unless such compartment is equipped
with one of the following vapor loss control devices,
properly installed, in good working order, and in
operation.
(a) A container having all openings sealed'and totally
enclosing the liquid contents. All gauging and
sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
(b) A container equipped with a floating roof, con-
sisting of a pontoon type, double deck type roof,
or internal floating cover, which will rest on
the surface of the contents and be equipped with
a closure seal or seals to close the space between
the roof edge and container wall. All gauging and
sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
(c) A container equipped with a vapor recovery system
consisting of a vapor gathering system capable of
collecting the hydrocarbon vapors and gases dis-
charged and a vapor disposal system capable of
processing such hydrocarbon vapors and gases so
3-15
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as to prevent their emission to the atmosphere
and with all container gauging and sampling devices
gas-tight except when gauging or sampling is taking
place.
(d) A container having other equipment of equal ef-
ficiency for purposes of air pollution control as
may be approved by the Director.
d.
Pumps and Compressors
All pumps and compressors handling volatile organic compounds
shall have mechanical seals or other equipment of equal ef-
ficiency for purposes of air pollution control as may be
approved by the Director.
e.
Waste Gas Disposal
(1)
No person shall emit a waste gas stream from any ethylene
producing plant into the atmosphere unless the waste gas
stream is properly burned at 1 ,300°F for 0.3 seconds
or greater in a direct-flame afterburner equipped with
an indicating pyrometer which is positioned in the working
area at the operator's eye level or an equally effec-
tive catalytic vapor incinerator also with pyrometer.
No person shall emit hydrocarbon gases to the atmosphere
from a vapor b1owdown system unless these gases are
burned by smokeless flares, or an equally effective
control device as approved by the Director.
(2)
f.
Organic Solvents
(1) A person shall not discharge more than 3 pounds per
hour or 15 pounds per day of organic materials into
the atmosphere from any article, machine, equipment or
other contrivance in which organic solvent comes into
contact with flames or is baked, heated-cured, or heat
polymerized, in the presence of oxygen.
(2) A person shall not discharge more than 40 pounds of
organic material into the atmosphere in anyone day
from any article, machine, equipment, or other contri-
vance used under conditions other than described in Rule
5.f.(1) for employing, applying, evaporating, or drying
any photochemically reactive solvent, as defined in
Rule 5.f.(11), or material containing such solvent,
unless all organic materials discharged from such article,
machine, equipment or other contrivance have been re-
duced to not more than 40 pounds iri anyone day.
(3) Any series of articles, machines, equipment, or other
contrivances designed for processing a continuously
3-16
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moving sheet, web, strip, or wire which is subjected
to any combination of operations described in Rule
5.f.(1) or (2) involving any photochemically reactive
solvent, as defined in Rule 5.f.(11) or material con-
taining such solvent, shall be subject to compliance
with Rule 5.f.(2). Where only nonphotochemically re-
active solvents or material containing only nonphoto-
chemically reactive solvents are employed or applied,
and where any portion or portions of said series of
articles, machines, equipment, or other contrivances
involves operations described in Rule 5.f.(1), said
portions shall be collectively subject to compliance
with Rule 5.f.(1).
(4)
Emissions of organic materials to the atmosphere from
the cleanup with photochemically reactive solvents,
as defined in Rule 5.f.(11), of any article, machine,
equipment, or other contrivance described in Rule
5.f.(1), (2), or (3), shall be included with the other
emissions of organic materials from that article, machines,
equipment, or other contrivance for determining com-
pliance with this rule.
Emissions of organic materials to the atmosphere as a
result of spontaneously continuing drying of products
for the first 12 hours after their removal from any
article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance des-
cribed in Rule 5.f.(1), (2), or (3), shall be included
with other emissions of organic materials from that
article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance, for
determining compliance with this rule.
(5)
(6) Emissions of organic materials into the atmosphere re-
quired to be controlled by Rule 5.f.(1), (2), (3),
shall be reduced by:
(a)
Incineration, provided that 90 percent or more of
the carbon in the organic material being incinerated
is oxidized to carbon dioxide, or
(b) Adsorption, or
(c) Processing in a manner determined by the Director
to be not less than effective that (a) or (b)
above.
(7) A person incinerating, adsorbing, or otherwise processing
organic materials pursuant to this rule shall provide,
properly install, and maintain in calibration, in good
working order and in operation, devices as specified
in the authority to construct or the permit to operate,
or as specified by the Director, for indicating tempera-
tures, pressures, rates of flow, or other operating
3-17
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conditions necessary to determine the degree and ef-
fectiveness of air pollution control.
(8) Any person using organic solvents or any materials con-
taining organic solvents shall supply the Director,
upon request and in the manner and form prescribed by
him, written evidence of the chemical composition",
physical properties, and amount consumed for each
organic solvent used.
(9) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to:
(a) The manufacture of organic solvents, or the trans-
port or storage of organic solvents or materials
containing organic solvents.
(b)
The use of equipment for which other requirements
are specified by Rule 5.a, b, or c, or which are
exempt from air pollution control requirements
by said rules.
(10)
(11 )
For the purposes of Rule 5.f., organic solvents include
diluents and thinners and are defined as organic materials
which are liquids at standard conditions and which are
used as dissolvers, viscosity reducers, or cleaning
agents.
For the purposes of Rule 5.f., a photochemically re-
active solvent is any solvent with an aggregate of more
than 20 percent of its total volume composed of the
chemical compounds classified below or which exceeds
any of the following individual percentage composition
limitations, referred to the total volume of solvent:
(a) A combination of hydrocarbons, alcohols, adehydes,
esters, ethers, or ketones having an olefinic or
cyclo-olefinic type of unsaturation: 5 percent;
(b)
A combination of aromatic compounds with either
two or more carbon atoms to the molecule except
ethyl benzene: 8 percent;
(c) A combination of ethyl benzene, ketones having
branched hydrocarbon structures, trichloroethylene
or toluene: 20 percent.
Whenever any organic solvent or any constitutent of an
organic solvent may be classified from its chemical
structure into more than one of the above groups of
organic compounds, it shall be considered as a member
of the most reactive chemical group, that is, that
group having the least allowable percent of the total
volume of solvents.
3-18
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Rule 6.
Rule 7.
(12)
For the purposes of Rule 5.f., organic materials are
defined as chemical compounds of carbon excluding carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, etallic car-
bides, etallic carbonates, and ammonium carbonate.
g.
Disposal and Evaporation of Solvents
A person shall not, during anyone day, dispose of a total
of more than 1.5 gallons of any photochemically reactive
solvent, as defined in Rule 5.f.(11), or of any material
containing more than 1.5 gallons of any such photochemically
reactive solvent by any means which will permit the evapora-
tion of such solvent into the atmosphere.
CONTROL OF CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS
a.
No person shall emit the carbon monoxide gases generated
during the operation of a grey iron cupola, blast furnace, or
basic oxygen steel furnace unless they are burned at l,300°F
for 0.3 seconds or greater in a direct flame afterburner or
equivalent device equipped with an indicating pyrometer which
is positioned in the working area at the operator's eye level.
No person shall emit carbon monoxide waste gas stream from
any catalyst regeneration of a petroleum cracking system,
petroleum fluid coker, or other petroleum process into the
atmosphere, unless the waste gas stream is burned at 1,300°F
for 0.3 seconds or greater in a direct-flame afterburner or
boiler equipped with an indicating pyrometer which is positioned
in the working area at the operator's eye level.
b.
CONTROL OF NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS
a.
Combustion Sources
(1)
No person shall cause or permit emissions of nitrogen
oxides from a gas-fired boiler with a capacity of 250
million BTU/hr or more in excess of 0.20 pounds per
million BTU of heat input per hour.
No person shall cause or permit emissions of nitrogen
oxides from an oil-fired boiler with a capacity of
250 million BTU/hr or more in excess of 0.30 pounds
per million BTU of heat input per hour.
(2)
(3)
No person shall cause or permit emission of nitrogen
oxides from a coal-fired boiler with a capacity of
250 million BTU per hour or more in excess of 0.9 pounds
per million BTU of heat input per hour.
3-19
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(4)
For purposes of this regulation (Rule 7.a.), the total
heat input from all similar fuel combustion units at
a plant or premises shall be used for determining the
maximum allowable emission of nitrogen oxides that passes
through a stack or stacks. The allowable emissions on
an annual basis shall be calculated by the use of the
equation:
E H OT
AE = 2000 UF
where:
AE = Annual emission rate in tons/year
E = Emission rate as determined by Rule 7.a.
in lb/million BTU
H = Heat input in millions of BTU/hr
OT = Source operating time in hours/year
UF = Use factor.
b.
Nitric Acid Manufacture
No person shall cause or permit the emission of nitrogen
oxides calculated as nitrogen dioxide, from nitric acid
manufacturing plants in excess of 5.5 pounds per ton of 100
percent acid produced.
3-20
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4.
EPISODE PLAN
Rule 1.
DEFINITIONS
. State means the State of Alabama
Rule 2.
AIR POLLUTIOi~ EMERGENCY
The Director is authorized and empowered to enforce or require
enforcement of any parts of the ~mergency Episode Plan for Air Pollution
Sources in the State of Alabama.
Rule 3.
EPISODE CRITERIA
When the Director determines that conditions justify the proclamation
of an air pollution episode stage, due to the accumulation of air pollutants
in any place within the State, attaining levels which could, if sustained
or exceeded, lead to a substantial threat to the health of persons, he shall
be guided by the following criteria.
a.
Episode stages shall be determined and declared upon the
basis of average concentrations recorded at any monitoring
station in the State.
c.
If contamination and meteorology warrant, any advanced episode
stage may be declared by the Director without first declaring
a lesser degree of Alert or Watch. The Director shall, at
his discretion, declare a lesser stage, the termination or
the continuance of the advanced episode stage during such
times when contamination and meteorological conditions
moderate significantly after an advanced episode stage has
been declared.
Episode Watch
The Director shall declare an Episode Watch when one or
more of the following events take place.
b.
(1)
An Atmospheric Stagnation Advisory is issued by
the National Weather Service, stating that
atmospheric conditions marked by a slow moving
high pressure system, light winds, and tempera-
ture inversions are expected to affect the State
of Alabama or portions thereof for the next 36
hours.
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(2)
A forecast by local meteorologists that stagnant
atmospheric conditions as described above could
result in high air pollution levels in Alabama
or portions thereof.
(3)
Validated reports of abnormally high air pollution
measurements, specifically, reaching or exceeding
50 percent of the Alert level (Rule 3d) for at
least three consecutive hours at a given locality
in the State.
d.
Alert
The Director shall declare an Alert when anyone of the
following pollutant concentrations is measured at any monitoring
site, and due to adverse meteorological conditions can be
expected to remain at these levels or higher for the next
12 hours or more unless control measures are taken:
Sulfur Dioxide. Measured by continuous coulometric or
colorimetric analyzer, or equivalent.
24-hour average, 0.30 ppm (800 ~g/m3)
Particulates. Measured by sequential tape sampler, two-
hour accumulations (soiling index).
24-hour average, 3.0 COHS per 1000 linear feet
or measured by Hi Vol (high volume sampler), 24-hour
accumulation.
24-hour average, 375 ~g/m3
Sulfur Dioxide and Particulates Combined.
concurrent 24-hour average concentrations.
Product of
sulfur dioxide, ppm, times particulates, COHs, equals 0.(
sulfur dioxide, ~g/m3, times particulates, ~g/m3,
equals 65,000
Carbon Monoxide. Measured by continuous
infrared analyzer, or equivalent.
3
8-hour average, 15 ppm (17 mg/m )
non-dispersive
I~itrogen Dioxide. Measured by continuous analyzer, or
equivalent.
24-hour average, 0.15 ppm (282 ~g/m33)
or l-hour average, 0.6 ppm (1130 ~g/m )
4-2
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Photochemical Oxidants. Measured by continuous
nescent analyzer or equivalent.
3
l-hour average, 0.1 ppm (200 ~g/m )
chemilumi-
e. Warning
A Warning shall be declared by the Director when the
concentrations of any of the following air pollutants measured
at any monitoring site and due to adverse meteorological
conditions can be expected to remain at these levels or higher
for the next 12 hours or more unless control measures are
taken:
Sulfur Dioxide. Measured by continuous coulometric or
colorimetric analyzer, or equivalent.
24-hour average, 0.6 ppm (1600 ~g/m3)
Particulates. Measured by sequential tape sampler, two-hour
accumulations (soiling index).
24-hour average, 5.0 COHs per 1000 linear feet
or measured by Hi Vol, 24-hour accumulation:
24-hour average, 625 ~g/m3
Sulfur Dioxide and Particulates Combined.
concurrent 24-hour average concentrations.
Product of
sulfur dioxide,
equals 0.8
sulfur dioxide,
equals 261,000
ppm, times particulates, COHs,
or
~g/m3, times particulates, ~g/m3,
Carbon Monoxide. Measured by continuous
infrared analyzer, or equivalent.
8-hour average, 30 ppm (34 mg/m3)
non-dispersive
Nitrogen Dioxide. Measured by continuous analyzer, or
equivalent.
24-hour average, 0.30 ppm (565 ~g/m3)
l-hour average, 1.20 ppm (2260 ~g/m3)
Photochemical Oxidants. Measured by continuous
chemiluminescent analyzer, or equivalent.
l-hour average, 0.40 ppm (800 ~g/m3)
4-3
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f.
Emergency
When the following concentrations of air pollutants have
been reached or due to meteorological conditions can be
expected to reach or exceed these levels at any monitoring
site in the State for a period of 12 hours or more unless
control actions are taken, the Director shall declare an
Emergency:
Sulfur Dioxide. Measured by continuous coulometric or
colorimetric analyzer, or equivalent.
24-hour average, 0.8 ppm (2100 ~g/m3)
Particulates. Measured by sequential tape sampler, two-
hour accumulations (soiling index).
24-hour average, 7.0 COHs per 1000 linear feet
or measured by Hi Vol, 24-hour accumulation
24-hour average, 875 ~g/m3
Sulfur Dioxide and Particulates Combined.
concurrent 24-hour average concentrations.
Product of
or
sulfur dioxide, ppm, times particulates, COHs, equals
1.2
sulfur dioxide, ~g/m3, times particulates, ~g/m3,
equals 393,000
Carbon Monoxide. Measured by continuous non-dispersive
infrared analyzer, or equivalent.
8-hour average, 40 ppm (46 mg/m3)
Nitrogen Dioxide. Measured by continuous analyzer, or
equiva 1 ent.
24-hour average,0.40 ppm (750 ~g/m3)
l-hour average, 1.60 ppm (3000 ~g/m3)
Photochemical Oxidants. Measured by continuous
chemiluminescent analyzer, or equivalent.
l-hour average, 0.60 ppm (1200 ~g/m3)
4-4
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Rule 4.
g.
Termination
The status reached by application of the Episode Criteria
(Rule 3) shall remain in effect until the criteria for that
level is no longer met. At such time, the next lower status
will be assumed and such changes declared by the Director.
Speci fi ca 11y:
(1)
When ambient pollutant concentrations fall below
the critical levels for the stage, and a downward
trend of concentrations is established; and
( 2)
When meteorological conditions that attended the
high concentrations are no longer called for in
official weather predictions.
A public declaration will take on of the following forms.
(1)
Terminate "Emergency Status," resume "Warning Status"
or "Alert Status"; whichever is appropriate.
(2)
Tenninate "Warning Status," resume "Alert Status" or
appropriate stage.
(3)
Terminate "Episode Status."
Upon tennination of an "Episode Status," the Division
of Air Pollution Control will remain on internal "Episode
Watch II until a return to normal operati on is announced by
the Division Director.
h.
Status Declaration Authority
The Director, Division of Air Pollution Control, or his
duly authorized agent, shall have the authority to make an
announcement of internal Episode Watch, and public declara-
tions of Alert, Warning and Emergency Status.
SPECIAL EPISODE CRITERIA
a.
The Director shall have the authority to declare episodic
conditions when the atmospheric concentration of a single
pollutant or that of a specific locality within the State
show elevated concentrations.
b.
Specific Pollutant Situation
When concentrations of one or two pollutants reach or
exceed the defined criteria levels, and concentrations of
other pollutants remain substantially below 50 percent of
Alert levels, and meteor1ogical conditions are such that
4-5
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Rule 5.
c.
these specific pollutant concentrations can be expected to
remain at the above levels for 12 hours or more or increase
unless control action is taken, a Specific Alert, Warning, or
Emergency Status shall be declared by the Director, naming
the pollutants that meet the respective criteria. In such
instances when two such pollutants meet different criteria,
the Director shall declare the status for the episode having
the higher level, and that an Episode Watch is being main-
tained on the remaining pollutants.
Specific Locality Situation
The Director shall, when high concentrations of one or
more pollutants measured at one monitoring site and not others
and the effect is judged to originate from an identifiable
source near the given site, shall declare the appropriate
local Alert, Warning, or Emergency Status for the delineated
area and that an Episode Watch is in effect for the remaining
portion of the jurisdictional area while meteorological
conditions favor the maintenance or increase of said high
concentrations for at least 12 hours or more unless control
action is taken. .
EMISSION REDUCTION PLANS
a.
Episode Watch
The Director shall in the case of imminent possibility
of an Episode Watch, advise designated (by the Director)
pollutant sources of impending emission reduction possibilities.
These sources shall take the appropriate preparatory measures
as designated by the Director.
b.
Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), Alert Status
When the Director declares an Alert Status for particulates,
any person responsible for the operation of a source of such
pollutants shall taken the following general measures in
addition to all specific source curtailments designated by
the Director.
(1)
Solid or liquid waste incineration from office
buildings, apartment houses, and other facilities
not specifically designated by the Director shall be
accomplished only between noon and 4:00 p.m.
( 2)
There shall be no open burning of tree waste,
vegetation, refuse, or debris in any form.
4-6
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( 3)
Soot blowing or boiler lancing on fuel-burNing
equipment, if required, shall be accomplished
only between noon and 4:00 p.m.
Industrial batch processes and incinerators shall
be reduced to 50 percent or less of normal
operation and prepared for shutdown.
(4)
c. Total Suspended Particulates, Warning Status
When the Director declares a Warning Status for particulates,
any person responsible for the operation of a source of such air
pollutants shall take the following general measures in addition
to all specific source curtailments designated by the Uirector.
d.
( 1 )
Solid or liquid waste incineration from office
buildings, apartment houses, and other facilities
not specifically designated by the Director shall
be postponed until episode termination.
(2)
There shall be no open burning of tree waste,
vegetation, refuse, or debris in any form.
(3 )
Soot blowing or boiler lancing on fuel-burning
equipment,if required, shall be accomplished
only betweerl noon and 4:00 p.m. upon approval
of the Di rector.
Total Suspended Particulates, Emergency Status
When the Director declares an Emergency Status for
particulates, any person responsible for the operation of
a source of such air pollutants shall take the following
general measures in addition to all specific source
curtailment designated by the Director.
(1)
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid
waste shall be prohibited.
(2)
There shall be no open burning of any kind of
fuel, waste, vegetation, refuse, or other material.
(3 )
During the heating season, the operation of heating
units in all buildings within the affected areas of
Alabama, including public and private office buildings,
apartment houses, shops, hotels, schools, recreational
facilities, libraries, auditoriums, warehouses, etc.,
but not including hospitals, sanatoriums, children's
homes, and homes for aged and infirm, shall be at
thermostat temperature settings no higher than
60 degrees Fahrenheit.
4-7
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(a)
Exceptions to this action are allowed for persons
who are aged, infirm, or ill and under the care
of a physician. Exceptions are also allowed under
formal permit for facilities where a drastic change
in temperature could result in irreparable damage,
such as computer rooms, environmental laboratories,
cryogenic materials facilities, hazardous
material storages, and meat lockers.
(4)
During the heating season, heating units in single-
family and small multi-family dwellings (six-family
units or less) that are equipped with thermostats
shall operate at settings no higher than 60 degrees
Fahrenheit. Heating units that are not regulated
by thermostats shall be operated at a rate that
is approximately 20 percent lower than normal for
the corresponding season and weather conditions.
[See (3a), above]
(5)
During the air conditioning season, the Qperation
of central air conditioning units in all buildings
within the affected areas in Alabama, including
public and private office buildings, apartment
houses, hotels, shops, schools, recreational
facilities, libraries, auditoriums, warehouses,
and single-family and multi-family dwellings,
but n~ including hospitals, sanatoriums, children's
homes, and homes for the aged and infirm, shall be
at thermostat temperature settings no lower than
80 degrees Fahrenheit. All room air conditioning
units in operation shall be at the setting that
provides the least rate of cooling. [See (3a),
above.]
(6) All places of employment where large amounts of power,
heat, or hot water are used shall immediate suspend
such operations. The establishments include:
(a) Wholesale and retail laundri~s ~nrl rlrv
cleaning establishments. '
(b) Beauty shops and other users of electrical
or gas driers.
Bakeries of bread, pastries, pizza, etc.
Public baths, steam rooms, and heated
swimming pools.
(c)
(d)
(7)
Places of employment shall release working personnel
ahead of normal close of day, and on a staggered
arrangement based upon travel time to residence
for each employee.
4-8
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( 8)
All outdoor construction and demolition work will
be suspended until episode termination, except for
work that, if left unfinished, might result in a
public hazard.
(9)
All commercial and manufacturing establishments not
specifically mentioned in this order will institute
such actions as will result in reduction of parti-
culate emissions to the maximum reasonable extent.
e.
Sulfur Dioxide, Alert Status
When the Director declares an Alert Status for sulfur
dioxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailments designated
by the Di rector.
(1)
Solid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and industrial facilities not
specifically designated by the Director shall be
accomplished only between noon and 4:00 p.m.;
however, voluntary postponement until episode
termination is desirable.
(2) There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil,
or other material that could contain sulfur.
(3 )
f.
Boiler lancing, where required, will be limited
to between noon and 4:00 p.m.
Sulfur Dioxide, Warning Status
When the Director declares a Warning Status for sulfur
dioxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailments designated
by the Di rector.
(1)
Solid or liquid waste incineration from office
buildings, apartment houses, and industrial
facilities not specifically designated by the
Director shall be postponed until episode
termination.
(2)
There shall be no open burning of tree waste,
vegetation, refuse, or debris in any form.
(3) Soot blowing or boiler lancing on fuel-burning
equipment, if required, shall be accomplished only
between noon and 4:00 p.m. upon approval of the
Director, Division of Air Pollution Control.
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1--
i
Sulfur Dioxide, Emergency Status
When the Director declares an Emergency Status for sulfur
dioxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general
measures in addition to all specific source curtailments
designated by the Director.
g.
(1)
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid
waste shall be prohibited.
There shall be no open burning of any kind
of fuel, waste, vegetation, refuse, or other
material.
(2)
(3 )
During the heating season, the operation of
heating units in all buildings within the affected
areas of Alabama, including public and private
office buildings, apartment houses, hotels,
shops, schools, recreational facilities, libraries,
auditoriums, warehouses, etc., but not including
hospitals, sanatoriums, children1s homes, and homes
for the aged and infirm, shall be at thermostats
temperature settings no higher than 60 degrees
Fahrenhei t.
(a)
Exceptions to this action are allowed for persons
who are aged, infirm, or ill and under the care
of a physician. Exceptions are also allowed
under formal permit for facilities where a
drastic change in temperature could result in
irreparable damage, such as computer rooms,
environmental laboratories, cryogenic materials
facilities, hazardous material storages, and
meat lockers.
(4)
During the heating season, heating units in a single-
family and small multi-family dwellings (six-family
units or less) that are equipped with thermostats shall
. operate at settings no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
Heating units that are not regulated by thermostats
shall be operated at a rate that is approximately
20 percent lower than normal for the corresponding
season and weather conditions. [See (3a), above.J
(5 )
During the air conditioning season, the operation of
central air conditioning units in all buildings within
the affected areas of Alabama, including public and
private office buildings, apartment houses, hotels,
shops, schools, recreational facilities, libraries,
auditoriums, warehouses, and single-family and multi-
family dwellings, but not including hospitals,
4-10
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sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature
settings no lower than 80 degrees Fahrenheit. All
room air conditioning units in operation shall be
at the setting that provides the least rate of
cooling. [See (3a), above.]
(6)
All places of employment where large amounts of
power, heat or hot water are used shall immediately
suspend such operations. The establishments include:
( a)
Wholesale and retail laundries and dry
cleaning estab1ish~ents.
(b)
Beauty shops and other users of electrical
or gas dri ers.
(c)
(d)
Bakeries of breads, pastries, pizza, etc.
Public baths, steam rooms, and heated
swimming pools.
(7)
Places of employment shall release working personnel
ahead of normal close of day, and on a staggered
arrangement based upon travel time to residence
for each employee.
Carbon Monoxide, Alert Status
h.
When the Director declares an Alert Status for carbon
monoxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutant shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailment designated by
the Di rector.
(1)
Transit authorities shall operate at peak-hour
intervals.
(2) The public shall make every effort to curtail
unnecessary use of private vehicles and to use
public transit for local travel.
( 3)
(4)
Sightseeing tours shall be cancelled.
Operation of government vehicles shall be reduced
to higher priority needs as defined by officials
with the rank of bureau chief, or equivalent.
(5 )
The public shall make every effort to avoid downtown
areas where concentrations of carbon monoxide are
highest.
4-11
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i.
Carbon Monoxide, Warning Status
When the Director declares a Warning Status for carbon
monoxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailment designated by
the Di rector.
(1)
Passenger vehicles entering or operating in the
center city area shall be restricted to those
carrying four or more persons, except for outbound
vehicles that have discharged passengers within the
restricted area. The center city area shall be
defined by the Director.
The public shall be notified in advance by news media
that no automobile or truck traffic will be permitted
within the center city area, as defined, if and when
an Emergency Status for carbon monoxide is declared.
(2)
(3)
j.
Designated principal avenues shall be made one-way
outbound from the center city area. These shall
be designated by the Director.
Carbon Monoxide, Emergency Status
When the Director declares an Emergency Status for carbon
monoxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailment designated by
the Director.
No automobile or truck traffic shall be permitted
within the center city area except for designated
emergency vehicles.
(2) All unnecessary use of vehicles shall be prohibited
throughout the remainder of affected urban areas.
(1)
(3)
Idling of vehicle engines while the vehicles are
parked shall be prohibited.
All stores shall be closed except for those engaged
in the sale of food and medicines.
( 4)
(5)
Through bus and truck service shall be rerouted to
avoid the center city.
Scheduled bus service shall be curtailed.
(6)
(7)
Scheduled flights originating at Birmingham Airport
shall be cancelled. Flights scheduled to terminate
at Birmingham Airport shall be diverted to alternate
ai rports .
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k.
Nitrogen Dioxide, Alert Status
When the Director declares an Alert Status for nitrogen
dioxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailment designated by
the Director.
(1) Solid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and industrial facilities not
specifically designated by the Director shall
be accomplished only between noon and 4:00 p.m.;
however, voluntary postponement until episode
termination is desirable.
(2 )
There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil,
or other material.
(3)
Boiler lancing, where required, shall be limited
to between noon and 4:00 p.m.
(4) The public transportation interests shall be notified
and requested to plan for measures that will be
initiated if the Warning Status for nitrogen dioxide
is declared. Specifically:
(a)
Transit authorities shall plan for peak-hour
operations.
(b)
The public shall make every effort to curtail
unnecessary use of private vehicles and to
use public transit for local travel.
( c)
Sightseeing tours shall be advised to reduce
activity in preparation for possible cancellation.
(d) Operation of government vehicles shall be reduced
to higher priority needs as defined by officials
with the rank of bureau chief, or equivalent.
(e) The public shall make every effort
normal boundaries of city downtown
concentrations of nitrogen dioxide
hi ghes t.
to avoid the
areas where
tend to be
4-13
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1.
Nitrogen Dioxide, Warning Status
When the Director declares a Warning Status for nitrogen
dioxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailment designated by
the Di rector.
(1)
Solid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and industrial facilities not
specifically designated by the Director shall
be postponed until episode termination.
There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil,
or other material.
(2)
( 3)
Boiler lancing, where required, shall be limited to
between noon and 4:00 p.m. upon approval of the
Di rector.
(4)
Transit authorities shall initiate peak-hour
operations.
(5 )
Passenger vehicles entering or operating in the
center city area shall be restricted to those
carrying four or more persons, except for outbound
vehicles that have discharged passengers within the
restricted area. The center city shall be defined
by the Di rector.
(6)
No automobile or truck traffic shall be permitted
within the center city area, as defined.
(7)
Sightseeing tours shall be cancelled.
Employees of all government offices - federal, state,
and municipal - shall be dismissed early on a staggered
basis. Private companies shall do likewise.
( 8)
(9)
Designated principal avenues shall be made one-way
outbound from the center city area, as defined by
the Director.
Nitrogen Dioxide, Emergency Status
When the Director declares an Emergency Status for nitrogen
dioxide, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailments designated by
the Director.
m.
4-14
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( 1 )
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid
waste shall be prohibited.
There shall be no open burning of any kind of fuel,
waste, vegetation, refuse, or other material.
( 2)
( 3)
During the heating season, the operation of heating
units in all buildings within the affected areas of
Alabama, including public and private office buildings,
apartment houses, shops, hotels, schools, recreational
facilities, libraries, auditoriums, warehouses, etc.,
but not including hospitals, sanatoriums, children's
homes, and homes for the aged and infirm, shall be at
thermostat temperature settings no higher than 60 degrees
Fahrenhei t.
(a)
(4 )
Exceptions to this action are allowed for persons
who are aged, infirm, or ill and under the care
of a physician. Exceptions are also allowed under
form~ permit for facilities where a drastic change
in temperature could result in irreparable damage,
such as computer rooms, environmental laboratories,
cryogenic materials facilities, hazardous material
storages, and meat lockers.
During the heating season, heating units in single-
family and small multi-family dwellings (six-family
units or less) that are equipped with thermostats
shall operate at settings no higher than 60 degrees
Fahrenheit. Heating units that are not regulated
by thermostats shall be operated at a rate that is
approximately 20 percent lower than normal for the
corresponding season and weather conditions. [See
( 3a), above. j
(5 )
During the air conditioning season, the operation of
central air conditioning units in all buildings within
the affected areas of Alabama, including public and
private office buildings, apartment houses, hotels,
shops, schools, recreational facilities, libraries,
auditoriums, warehouses, and single-family and multi-
family dwellings, but not including hospitals, sana-
toriums, children's homes, and homes for the aged and
infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature settings
no lower than 80 degrees Fahrenheit. All room air
conditioning units in operation shall be at the setting
that provides the least rate of cooling. [See (3a), above.]
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( 10)
(11 )
( 12)
( 13)
(14 )
(15)
( 16)
(6)
All places of employment where large amounts of
power, heat, or hot water are used shall immediately
suspend such operations. The establishments include:
(a)
Wholesale and retail laundries and dry
cleaning establishments.
Beauty shops and other users of electrical
or gas dri ers .
(b)
( c)
Bakeries of bread, pastries, pizza, etc.
(7) All stores shall be closed except for those engaged
in the sale of food and medicines.
(8) All outdoor construction and demolition work shall be
suspended until episode termination, except for work
that, if left unfinished, might result in a public
hazard.
(9)
A 11 commerci a 1 and manufacturi ng es tab 1 i shments not
specifically mentioned in this order shall institute
such actions as will result in reduction of nitrogen
dioxide emissions to the maximum reasonable extent.
Places of employment shall release working personnel
ahead of normal close of day, and on a staggered
arrangement based upon travel time to residence for
each employee.
No automobile or truck traffic shall be permitted
within the center city area except for designated
emergency vehicles.
Unnecessary use of vehicles shall be prohibited
throughout the remainder of the affected areas in
Alabama.
Idling of vehicle engines while the vehicles are
parked shall be prohibited.
Through bus and truck service shall be rerouted
to avoid the center city area.
Scheduled bus services shall be curtailed in
accordance with prearranged plans.
Scheduled flights originating at Birmingham Airport
shall be cancelled. Flights scheduled to terminate
at Birmingham Airport shall be diverted to an alternate
airport outside the affected area.
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Photochemical Oxidants, Alert Status
When the Director declares an Alert Status for photochemical
oxidants, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
ill addition to all specific source curtailments designated by
the Director.
n.
(1)
Solid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and industrial facilities not
specifi cally desi gna ted by the Di rector shall
be accomplished between noon and 4:00 p.m.;
however, voluntary postponement until episode
termination is desirable.
( 2)
There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil,
or other material.
(3 )
Boiler lancing, where required, shall be limited to
between noon and 4:00 p.m.
The public transportation interests shall be notified
and requested to plan for measures that shall be
initiated if the Warning Status for photochemical
oxidants is declared. Specifically.
(4)
(a)
Transit authorities shall plan for peak-
hour operations.
(b)
The public shall make every effort to
curtail unnecessary use of private vehicles
and to use public transit for local travel.
( c)
Sightseeing tours shall reduce activity
in preparation for possible cancellation.
(d)
( 5)
Operation of government vehicles shall be
reduced to higher priority needs as defined
by officials with the rank of bureau chief,
or equivalent.
Fuel oil companies serving domestic users shall plan
on cancelling deliveries if and when a Warning Status
for photochemical oxidants is declared.
(6)
Transfer of fuel oil, gasoline, diesel oil, and
kerosene to tank trucks from storage tanks, whether
above or below ground, shall be reduced by 50 percent
of normal amounts.
4-17
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(7) Transfer of aviation fuel to tank trucks from
storage tanks at airports shall be permitted.
o. Photochemical Oxidants, Warning Status
When the Director declares A Warning Status for photochemical
oxidants, any person responsible for the operation of a source
of such air pollutants shall take the following general measures
in addition to all specific source curtailments designated by
the Director.
(l) Solid waste incineration from office buildings,
apartment houses, and industrial facilities not
specifically designated by the Director shall be
postponed until episode termination.
(2) There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil,
or other material.
(3) Boiler lancing, where required, shall be limited
,to between noon and 4:00 p.m. upon approval of the
01 rector.
(4) Transit authorities shall initiate peak-hour
operations.
(5) Sightseeing tours shall be cancelled.
(6) Emp'loyees of all government offices - federal, state
and municipal - shall be dismissed early on a
staggered basis. Private companies shall do likewise.
(7) All schools and universities shall be closed, and
all available school buses shall supplement regular
public transit buses in accordance with prearranged
plans.
(8) Two hours after the WarningStatus has been declared
with a forecast to continue, all parking meter
violations and restrictions to on-street parking
shall be suspended.
(9) Taxi cruising shall be prohibited in all parts of
the ci ty.
(10) All deliveries and refuse collecting shall be curtailed.
(11) Sales of gasoline and diesel oil at service stations
shall be limited to five gallons per vehicle. However,
the public will be urged to use vehicles only to reach
their intended parking places for the duration of the
episode.
4-18
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,-
(12)
Fuel oil deliveries to all users shall be suspended,
except to hospitals, sanatoriums, children's homes,
homes for the aged and infirm, and special cases
approved by the Director, Alabama Department of
Hea lth .
(13) Aircraft scheduled to terminate their flights at
Birmingham Airport shall be diverted to an alternate
airport outside the affected area.
(14) Aircraft departures from Birmingham Airport shall be
separated by minimum time intervals of seven minutes.
(15) Transfer of fuel oil, gasoline, diesel oil, and
kerosene to tank trucks from storage tanks, whether
above or below ground, shall be reduced to 25 percent
of normal amounts, or less.
( 16)
Run-ups of aircraft engines undergoing maintenance or
repair shall be prohibited.
All unnecessary transfer of aviation fuel to tank
trucks from storage tanks at airports shall be
prohibited.
( 17)
p.
Photochemical Oxidants, Emergency Status
When the Director declares an Emergency Status for photo-
chemical oxidants, any person responsible for the operation
of a source of such air pollutants shall take the following
general measures in addition to all specific source curtail-
ments designated by the Director~
(1)
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid waste
shall be prohibited.
There shall be no open burning of any kind of fuel,
waste, vegation, refuse, or other material.
(2)
(3)
During the heating season, the operation of heating
units in all buildings within the affected areas
of Alabama, including public and private office
buildings, apartment houses, shops, hotels, schools,
recreational facilities, libraries, auditoriums,
warehouses, etc., but not including hospitals,
sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature
settings no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
4-19
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(4)
(5)
(a)
Exceptions to this action are allowed for persons
who are aged, infirm, or ill and under the care
of a physician. Exceptions are also allowed
under formal permit for facilities where a drastic
change in temperature could result in irreparable
damage, such as computer rooms, environmental
laboratories, cryogenic materials facilities,
hazardous material storages, and meat lockers.
During the heating season, heating units in single-
family and small multi-family dwellings (six-family
units or less) that are equipped with thermostats
shall operate at settings no higher than 60 degrees
Fahrenheit. Heating units that are not regulated
by thermostats shall be operated at a rate that is
approximately 20 percent lower than normal for the
corresponding season and weather conditions. [See
(3a), above.] '-
During the air conditioning season, the operation of
central air conditioning units in all buildings within
the affected areas of Alabama, including public and
private office buildings, apartment houses, hotels,
shops, schools, recreational facilities, libraries,
auditoriums, warehouses, and single-family and multi-
family dwellings, but not including hospitals,
sanatoriums, children's homes, and homes for the
aged and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature
settings no lower than 80 degrees Fahrenheit. All
room air conditioning units in operation shall be
at the setting that provides the least rate of
cooling. [See (3a), above.]
(6) All places of employment where large amounts of power,
heat, or hot water are used shall immediately suspend
such operations. The establishments include:
(a) Wholesale and retail laundries and dry
cleaning establishments.
(b)
Beauty shops and other users of electrical
or gas dri ers.
Bakeries of breads, pastries, pizza, etc.
(c)
(d)
Public baths, steam rooms, and heated
swimming pools.
(7) All stores will be closed except for those engaged
in the sale of food and medicines.
4-20
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(8) All outdoor construction and demolition work shall
be suspended until episode termination, except for
work that if left unfinished, might result in a
public hazard.
(9) All commercial and manufacturing establishments not
specifically mentioned in this order will institute
such actions as will result in reduction of nitrogen
oxides and hydrocarbon emissions to the maximum
reasonable extent.
(10) Places of employment shall release working personnel
ahead of normal close of day, and on a staggered
arrangement based upon travel time to residence for
each emp 1 oyee.
(11) All unnecessary use of vehicles shall be prohibited
throughout all of the affected areas of Alabama.
(12)
Idling of vehicle engines while the vehicles are
parked shall be prohibited.
(13) Through bus and truck service will be rerouted to
highways outside the affected areas in Alabama.
(14) Scheduled bus service shall be curtailed in
accordance with prearranged plans.
(15) Scheduled flights originating at Birmingham shall
be cancelled. Flights scheduled to terminate at
Birmingham Airport shall be diverted to alternate
airports outside the affected areas.
(16) Aircraft departures for through flights shall be
separated by minimum time intervals of 15 minutes
at Birmingham Airport and 10 minutes at Mobile
Airport.
(17) All unnecessary transfer of aviation fuel to tank
trucks at airports shall be prohibited.
( 18)
Run-ups of aircraft engines undergoing
or repair shall be prohibited.
(19) Sales of gasoline and diesel oil at service stations
shall be prohibited.
maintenance
(20)
Fuel oil deliveries to hospitals, sanatoriums, children's
homes, homes for the aged and infirm, and special
cases approved by the Director, Alabama Department
of Health, shall be made only in response to emergency
calls. Fuel oil deliveries to all other users shall
be suspended.
4-21
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Rule 6.
Rule 7.
EMISSION REDUCTION PLANS FOR TWO POLLUTANTS
a.
The Director shall declare an Alert, Warning, or Emergency
Status specific for two pollutants when the ambient concen-
trations of two pollutants simultaneously reach or exceed
their respective Episode Criteria and meteorological conditions
are such that pollutant concentrations can be expected to
remain at those criteria levels for 12 or more hours or
increase unless control actions are taken. When criteria
levels correspond to different episode status for two
pollutants, the Director shall declare the status of the
higher of the two and any person responsible for the operation
of a source of such air pollutants shall take the general
measures of Rule 5, and specific source curtailments as
designated by the Director.
b.
When the action specified for one or two pollutants causes
an increase rather than a decrease of emissions of the remaining
pollutant, it will not be executed. The actions to be taken
in such cases are described in Rule 7.
EMISSION REDUCTION PLANS FOR GENERAL EPISODES
The Director shall, in the event that ambient concentrations of
three or more pollutants simultaneously reach or exceed their respective
Episode Criteria and no improvement in meteorological conditions is forecast
for the next 12 hours, declare a General Alert, Warning, or Emergency Status.
In the event the crteria.levels correspond to different statuses for each
pollutant, the Director shall declare a general status corresponding to the
highest individual status.
a.
General Alert Status
When the Director declares a General Alert Status, any
person responsible for the operation of a source of air pollutants
shall take the following general measures and all specific
source curtailments designated by the Director.
(l)
Solid or liquid waste incineration from office
buildings, apartment houses, and other industrial
facilities not spectfically designated by the
Director shall be accomplished only between
noon and 4:00 p.m.; however, voluntary postponement
until episode termination is destrable.
4-22
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(2) There shall be no open burning of tree waste, vegetation,
refuse, or debris in any form.
(3) Soot blowing or boiler lancing on fuel-burning equipment,
if required, shall be accomplished only between noon and
and 4:00 p.m.
(4) Transit authorities shall initiate peak-hour operations.
(5) The public shall make every effort to curtail unnecessary
use of private vehicles and to use public transit for
local travel.
(6) Sightseeing tours will be cancelled.
(7) Operation of government vehicles shall be reduced to
higher priority needs as defined by officials with the
rank of bureau chief, or equivalent. .
(8) The public shall make every effort to avoid downtown
boundaries of affected cities in Alabama where pollutant
concentrations are highest. The center city boundaries
shall be defined by the Director.
(9) Gasoline and diesel oil deliveries to service stations
shall be curtailed.
(10)
Fuel oil deliveries to industrial users shall be
curtailed.
(11 )
Fuel oil companies serving domestic users shall be
advised through news media to plan on cancelling deliveries
if and when a general Warning Status is declared.
(12) Transfer of fuel oil, gasoline, diesel oil, and kerosene
to tank trucks from storage tanks, whether above or below
ground, shall be reduced by 50 percent of normal amounts.
(13) Transfer of aviation fuel to tank trucks from storage
tanks at airports shall be permitted.
4-23
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b.
General Warning Status
When the Director declares a General Warning Status, .any
person responsible for the operation of a source of air
pollutants shall take the following general measures and all
specific source curtailments designated by the Director:
(1)
Solid waste incineration from all office buildings,
apartment houses, and other industrial facilities
not specifically designated by the Director shall
be postponed until episode termination.
There shall be no open burning of coal, heavy oil,
or other material.
(2)
( 3)
Boiler lancing and soot blowing, where required, shall
be limited to between noon and 4:00 p.m. upon
approval of the Director.
(4)
Passenger vehicles entering or operating in the
center city area shall be restricted to those carrying
four or more persons except for outbound vehicles
that have discharged passengers within the restricted
area.
(5)
No automobile or truck traffic shall be peITllitted
within the center city area, as defined.
(6)
Designated principal avenues shall be made one-way
outbound from center city. The principal avenues
shall be designated by the Director.
(7) All schools and universities shall be closed, and
all available school buses shall supplement regular
public transit buses in accordance with prearranged
plans.
(8) Two hours after the Warning Status has been declared,
and is forecast to continue, all parking meter
violations and restrictions to on-street parking
shall be suspended.
Staggered work hours shall be in effect in all govern-
ment offices - federal, state, and municipal - and
in privates offices as well.
(9)
(10) Taxi cruising shall be prohibited in all parts of
Anniston, Birmingham, and Mobile.
(11 )
All deliveries and refuse collecting shall be
curtail ed.
4-24
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(12) Operation of government vehicles shall be reduced
to higher priority needs as defined by officials
with the rank of bureau chiefs or equivalent.
(13 )
c.
Sales of gasoline and diesel oil at service stations
shall be limited to five gallons per vehicle. Howevers
the public shall be urged to use vehicles only to
reach their intended parking places for the duration
of the epi sode.
General Emergency Status
When the Director declares a General Emergency Statuss any
person responsible for the operation of a source of air
pollutants shall take the following general measures and all
specific source curtailments designated by the Director.
(1)
Incineration of any form of solid or liquid waste
shall be prohibited.
There shall be no open burning of any kind of
fuels wastes vegetations refuses or other material.
( 2)
(3)
During the heating seasons the operation of heating
units in all buildings within the affected areas of
Alabama, including public and private office
buildings, apartment houses, shopss hotelss schoolss
recreational facilitiess librariess auditoriums,
warehousess etc., but not including hospitalss
sanatoriumss children's homess and homes for the
aged and infirms shall be at thermostat temperature
settings no higher than 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
(a)
(4)
Exceptions to this action are allowed for
persons who are ageds infirms or ill and
under the care of a physician. Exceptions
are also allowed under formal permit for
facilities where a drastic change in tempera-
ture could result in irreparable damage, such
as computer roomss environmental laboratoriess
cryogenic materials facilitiess hazardous
materials storagess and meat lockers.
During the heating season, heating units in single-
family and small multi-family (six-family units or
or less) that are equipped with thermostats shall
operate at settings no higher than 60 degrees
Fahrenheit. Heating units that are not regulated
by thermostats shall be operated at a rate that
is approximately 20 percent lower than normal for
the corresponding season and weather conditions.
[See (3a), above.]
4-25
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~~.~-- --.
(5 )
During the air conditioning season, the operation of
central air conditioning units in all buildings within
the affected areas of Alabama, including public and
private office buildings, apartment houses, hotels,
shops, schools, recreational facilities, libraries,
auditoriums, warehouses, and single-family and multi-
family dwellings, but not including hospitals,
sanatoriums, children1s homes, and homes for the aged
and infirm, shall be at thermostat temperature settings
no lower than 80 degrees Fahrenheit. All room air
conditioning units in operation shall be at the setting
that provides the least rate of cooling. [See (3a),
above.]
(6) All places of employment where large amounts of power,
heat, or hot water are used shall immediately suspend
such operations. The establishments include:
(a) Wholesale and reail laundries and dry
cleaning establishments.
(b)
Beauty shops and other users of electrical
or gas dri ers.
( c)
(d)
Bakeries of breads, pastries, pizza, etc.
Public baths, steam rooms, and heated
swimming pools.
(7) All outdoor construction and demolition work shall be
suspended until episode termination, except for work
that, if left unfinished, might result in a public
hazard.
(8) All commercial and manufacturing establishments not
specifically mentioned in this order shall institute
such actions as will result in reduction of pollutant
emissions to the maximum reasonable extent.
(9)
All stores shall be closed except for those engaged
in the sale of food and medicines.
4-26
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Rule 8.
Rule 9.
EMISSION REDUCTION PLAN FOR LOCAL EPISODES (See Rule 3c)
a.
The Director shall specify the area of the State affected
when a Local Alert, Warning or Emergency Status is declared,
or when an Accidental tpisode for Common Pollutants occurs,
based upon air quality and meteorological reports and
predictions.
b.
When the Director declares such a local episode, any person
responsible for the operation from which excess emissions
results, shall shut down such an operation and make repairs
or alter the process as required to restore normal operations.
When the Director declares that a Local Alert, Warning, or
Emergency Status is in effect for a delineated area, cor-
responding General Measures shall be applied as detailed in
Rule 3, depending upon which pollutant(s) is/are being emit-
ted in excess.
c.
EMISSION REDUCTION PLANS FOR OTHER SOURCES
a.
Any person responsible for the operation of a source of
air pollutants as determined by the Director shall prepare
standby p1ans for reducing the emissions of air pollutants
during periods of an Episode Alert, Warning, and Emergency.
Standby plans shall be designed to reduce or eliminate emissions
of air pollutants in accordance with the objectives set forth
in Rule 3.
b. Any person responsible for the operation of a source of air
pollutants not designated by the Director shall when requested
by the Director in writing, prepare standby plans for reducing
the emission of air pollutants during periods of Episode Alert,
Warning, and Emergency. Standby plans shall be designed to
reduce or eliminate emissions of air pollutants in accordance
with the objectives set forth in Rule 3.
Standby plans as required under Rule 9a shall be in writing and
identify the sources of air pollutants, the amount of reduction
of pollutants and a brief description of the manner in which
reduction will be achieved during Episodes of Alert, Warning,
and Emergency.
c.
d.
During Episodes of Alert, Warning, and Emergency Status,standby
plans as required by this regulation shall be made available
on the premises to any person authorized to enforce the provisions
of applicable rules and regulations.
4-27
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e. Standby plans as required by these rules and regulations
shall be submitted to the Director of the Division of
Air Pollution Control, State of Alabama, upon request
within 30 days of the recept of such request; such standby
plans shall be subject to review and approval by the
Uirector. If in the opinion of the Director, a standby
plan does not effectively carry out the objectives as
set forth in these rules and regulations, the Director
may disapprove it, state the reason for disapproval and
order the preparation of an amended standby plan within
the time period specified in the order.
4-28
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