Proposed
Air Quality Surveillance System
for the
State of Alabama
November 1971
Prepared For
Environmental Protection Agency
-------
18425.008
PROPOSED AIR QUALITY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
FOR THE
STATE OF ALABAMA
November 1971
Prepared For
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Programs
SYSTEMS GROUP
WASHINGTON OPERATIONS
-------
The work upon which this publication is based was performed by
Resources Research, Inc., a subsidiary of TRW Inc., pursuant to
Contact No. 68-02-0048 with the Office of Air Programs, tnvironmental
Protection Agency
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PREFACE
In developing the Proposed Permit System, Proposed Air Quality Surveillance
System, Proposed Emergency Episode Plan, and Proposed Control Strategy portions
of the Alabama Implementation Plan, TRW Systems Group has been guided by the
intent of the Federal Register, August 14, 1971, as well as extensive direct
communication with Environmental Protection Agency and Alabama uivision of
Air Pollution Control personnel.
We are particularly indebted to Barry Gilbert and William ~urch of
the Region IV Office, EPA, and William Willis, John Uanie1, and Cecil Cork
of the Alabama uivision of Air Pollution Control for their overall guidance
on this project.
A large number of TRW people participated in this project; those with
the most direct involvement are listed below.
William Dickerson, Project Manager
John Braswell
Gennaro Cangiano
Fredric Hamburg
Robert Herrick (Herrick Associates)
Steven Plotkin
Michael Stern
Thomas Wright
i
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 GENERAL OVERVIEW. . . . . .. . .
1.1 Regional Classification. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1- 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1- 1
2.0 REGIONAL AIR QUALITY SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS. . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1 Region 001 - Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers Intrastate
Air Quality Control Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1.1 Existing Air Quality Data. . . . . . . . . . . .2-1
2.1.2 Regional Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.1.3 Minimum Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.1.4 Expanded Air Quality Surveillance System. . . . .2-4
2.2 Region 002 - Phenix City, Alabama - Columbia, Georgia
Interstate Air Quality Control Region. . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.2.1 Existing Air Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
2.2.2 Regional Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.2.3 Minimum Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
2.2.4 Expanded Air Quality Surveillance System. . . . . 2-10
2.3 Region 003 - East Alabama Intrastate Air Quality
Control Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.3.1 Existing Air Quality Data. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.3.2 Regional Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.3.3 Minimum Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
2.3.4 Expanded Air Quality Surveillance System. . . . . 2-17
2.4 Region 004 - Metropolitan Birmingham Intrastate
Air Quality Control Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
2.4.1 Existing Air Quality Data. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
2.4.2 Regional Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
2.4.3 Minimum Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
2.4.4 Expanded Air Quality Surveillance System. . . . . 2-25
2.5 Region 005 - Mobi1e-Pensaco1a-Panama City Southern
Mississippi In~erstate Air Quality Control Region. . . . 2-30
2.5.1 Existing Air Quality Data. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
2.5.2 Regional Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
2.5.3 Minimum Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33
2.5.4 Expanded Air Quality Surveillance System. . . . . 2-34
i i
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Page
2.6 Region 006 - Southeast Alabama Intrastate Air
Quality Control Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-38
2.6.1 Existing Air Quality Data. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38
2.6.2 Regional Classification. . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-38
2.6.3 Minimum Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38
2.6.4 Expanded Air Quality Surveillance System. . . . 2-40
2.7 Region 007 - Tennessee River Valley (Alabama) -
Cumberland Mountains (Tennessee) Interstate Air
Quality Control Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-43
2.7.1 Existing Air Quality Data. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-43
2.7.2 Regional Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-46
2.7.3 Minimum Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-46
2.7.4 Expanded Air Quality Surveillance System. . . . 2-48
3.0 SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS. .
4.0 DATA HANDLING. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . . . 3-1
. . . . 4-1
. . . . . . . . .
5.0 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM EQUIPMENT ACQUISITION
APPENDIX A - AIR QUALITY DATA SUMMARY. . .
. . . . .
. . . . . 5-1
. . A-1
. . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX B - SAMPLE SITE LOCATION. .
. . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . B-1
i i i
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Number
Titl e
Page
1-1
Air Quality Control Regions in
the State of Alabama
Episode Monitoring Station Locations
Minimum Required Station Locations
1-2
1-9
1-10
1-2
1-3
iv
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Number Title Page
1-1 Regional Classification Justification 1-3
1-2 1'1i nimum Requi rements - Ai r Qua 1 ity 1-6
Surveillance System
2-1 Region 001 Population (1970 Census) 2-2
2-2 Region 001 Surveillance System 2-5
2-3 Region 002 Population (1970 Census) 2-7
2-4 Region 002 Surveillance System 2-12
2-5 Region 003 Population (1970 Census) 2-14
2-6 Region 003 Surveillance System 2-19
2-7 Region 004 Population (1970 Census) 2-22
2-8 Region 004 Surveillance System 2-27
2-9 Region 005 Population (1970 Census) 2-31
2-10 Region 005 Surveillance System 2-36
2-11 Region 006 Population (1970 Census) 2-39
2-12 Region 006 Surveillance System 2-42
2-13 Region 007 Population (1970 Census) 2-44
2-14 Region 007 Surveillance System 2-50
5-1 Available Approved Equipment 5-2
5-2 Episode Monitoring Stations:
Minimum Requirements 5-4
5-3 Minimum Required Episode Station
Equipment 5-5
5-4 Episode Station Equipment -
Required Vs. Available 5-6
5-5 Minimum Equipment Summary (Total) 5-11
5-6 Expanded Equipment Summary (Total) 5-12
v
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AIR QUALITY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
STATE OF ALABAMA
1.0 GENERAL OVERVIEW
There are seven Air Quality Control Regions (AQCRs) within the
of Alabama. As shown in Figure 1-1 three are interstate (002, 005,
007) and four are intrastate (001, 003, 004, and 006).
S tate
and
The geography of the State varies from the coastal region in the
south, through the plains of the lower tier of counties, to the semi-
mountainous area of the northern third of the State. Industrial activity
is principally centered in Birmingham and Mobile, with some concentration
of heavy industry along the Tennessee River.
The mountainous northern half of the State is climatically prone
to stagnant atmospheric conditions. In those cases where emission densities
are high, and especially where local topography confines these emissions
to a limited area, there is a significant air pollution episode potential.
Air quality monitoring programs are currently operated by the State,
Jefferson County Board of Health, Mobile County Board of Health, the City
of Huntsville, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA).
1.1
REGIONAL CLASSIFICATION
For the purpose of defining the minimum equipment required for con-
ducting air quality surveillance systems throughout the United States,
EPA has set forth criteria in the August 14, 1971 Federal Register. These
criteria are based on measured air quality or, in the absence of such data,
estimated air quality and population. The specifics of regional classi-
fication are discussed in Section 2.0 and summarized in Table 1-1. Within
each region, at least one sampling site must be located in the area of es-
timated maximum pollutant concentrations. These are noted in Section 2.0
1-1
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001
CIOw~,dllt
o
LAWRENCE
It.,nlfono
LI
~IJA.;
---~~.,;
"'n~fO"O
l"~h',
lU'£STOH[
~lIlInOt'll
o .
a.\\ 'e.-"'-~'
. 007 TENNESSEE RIVER VALLEY
f.e..I..,
o (ALA.)-CUMBERLAND MTN.s
(TENN.) INTERSTATE AQCR
fRANKLIN
RUSM'lIvlUeD N,.bur.
e,.rrr~no 0
IiwtiiA .RId 8n ORock'llOC)d
l,Wt~111t
VI"' So'ur. P,ntO
o
M"ull""
.
o 0l,,14tf1vl'"
."""
HOPt
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OC.mpbrl,
WINSTON
g~~ .Iil~mllr
ODelli'll.
Oi,-,I,rot)"
ARlO..
o
Hnll1tOu'l
Ad~son o,J=\
OA~...,
OHlmltloft
004
EAST ALABAMA
INTRASTATE AQCR
H~'nr'"
.
lIM.,II.e
OWtdJ.~
o
PIchn,,,u,
OC..IIOIIIOll
.
Adlt,..~
.,,,
Vt,IjIV Ho.\nok, "''''0
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o
oI.baMI
r,.t'PGlr.t~O 0
(,,,lIon,.1
l.£I..tlll.
1."'n(lI~
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.
~'f:...tll
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hn .0'
,'~!'IlT'lt.h~
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$1'1"".....,1\
006~OUTHEAST ALABAMA
aO INT~STATE AQCR
C~tft
. SO""R' HI"IonI.
s..-
.
,-
UOIIG'
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.\
Figure 1-1.
AI R QUALITY CONTROL REGIONS
IN THE STATE OF ALABAMA
1-2
-------
Regi on
001
002
--'
I
W
0/)3
004
Pollutant
PM
S02
N02
CO
Ox
PM
S02
N02
CO
Ox
PM
S02
N02
CO
Ox
PM
Table 1-1.
REGIONAL CLASSIFICATION JUSTIFICATION
Pri ority
C1 ass ifi cati on
Justification
3
161~g/m
I I
III
III
III
III
State Data: Demopo1is 1969 maximum 24-hour
No large point sources
"Urban Place" population does
"Urban Place" populati on does
"Urban Place" population does
not exceed 200,000
not exceed 200.000
not exceed 200.000
State Data: Montgomery Fire Sta. *5. 1971 5-mo. geo.
mean 117~g/m3
NASN Data: Montgomery 1970 annual arith avg. 6~g/m3
NASN Data: Montgomery 1970 annual arith avg. 43~g/m3
"Urban Place" population does not exceed 200.000
"Urban Place" population does not exceed 200.000
I
III
III
III
III
State Data:
3
1321Jg/m
Gadsden Site 0441. 1971 5-mo. geo. meal!
Calculated max. ground level concentration; annual
average. 6IJg/m3.
"Urban Place" population does
"Urban Place" population does
"Urban Place" population does
III
III
III
III
not exceed 200.000
not exceed 200.000
not exceed lOO.OOO
I
Jefferson County Data: Horth Birmingham 1970-71
3
annual geo. mean 237ug/rn
-------
Reg ion
004
(cont'd)
005
--'
I
.f;:>
006
007
Pollutant
SOz
NO
Z
CO
Ox
PM
SOZ
NOZ
CO
Ox
PM
SOZ
NOZ
CO
Ox
PM
S02
N02
CO
Ox
Table 1-1.
Pri ori ty
Classification
II
III
I
I
I
I
III
III
I
II
III
III
III
III
I
I
III
III
III
(continued)
Jus tifi cati on
Calculated max. grouna level concentration, 24
hour 358~g/m3
EPA Data: Hirmingham downtown arithmetic avg.
75~g/m3, 1971 Summer Study
EPA Data: Hirmingham downtown
EPA uata: BiIToingham downtown
l-hr max. 37~g/m3
1-hr max. 250'-'9/m3
Mobile iJata: State Docks 1970 9-rno geo. mean 14hY/IT,3
3
Sa1co 1-hr max. approx. 1,400~g/m
1970 arithmetic avg. 71~g/m3
State uocks area one month 1-hr max. 6~g/m3
State docks area, one month, l-hr. max.
greater than 200 ~g/m3
State Data: uothan 1970-71 annual geo. mean 76ug/llt'
I~o large point sources
"Urban Place" population does not exceea
"Urban Place" population does not exceed
"Urban Place" population does not exceed
State Data:
tiASN uata:
EPA uata:
EPA Data:
200,00U
200,000
ZOO,OOO
State Data: Tuscumbia 1970-71 annual geo. Inean 131 ~g/m3
TVA Data: Widow's Creek vicinity, 1970 l-hr olax.
3
approx. 4000~g/rn
EPA Data: 1971 Summer Study,
"Urban Place" population does
"Urban Place" population does not exceed 200,000
86~g/m3 arithmeti c IIlean
not exceea 200,000
-------
and the locations of all sampling sites; i.e., the expanded system, by
UTM coordinates are shown in Appendix B.
The requirements for number and type of air quality monitoring in-
struments, as defined in the Federal Register, must be met by all states
according to a prescribed schedule. Those sampling stations which are
designated as episode monitors must be operational within one year after
the date of approval of the Implementation Plan by the EPA administrator.
The balance of the air quality surveillance system must be operational
within two years after such approval. A timetable for acquisition of needed
equipment is presented in Section 5.0 of this volume. A tabulation of
required and existing air quality surveillance equipment is shown in Table
1-2. Sampling site locations for episode monitoring and minimum requirements
network are shown in Figures 1-2 and 1-3 respectively.
Air quality surveillance equipment varies widely in cost. As re-
sources allow, the State of Alabama will expand its surveillance program
beyond the system prescribed by the minimum federal requirements. An or-
derly expansion is described in Section 2.0, and can be used as a guideline
to future equipment acquisition and placement within the State. Sample
collection and analysis are discussed in Section 3.0. Data handling is
discussed in Section 4.0. Both are in accordance with procedures defined
in the Federal Register.
Pertinent air quality data collected in the State of Alabama have
been tabulated in a consistent format. This information is included as
Appendix A of this volume.
1-5
-------
Number of Sampling Station5
Requi red Existing Addit i ona 1
Ins t rument Sampling Sampling Sampling Area of Estimated
Region Pollutant Priority Type Sites Si tes Sites Max. Concentration
001 Alabama and PM I I Hi Vo 1 3 3 0 Selma
Tombigbee Rivers Tape 1 0 1
Intrastate AQCR S02 III Bubbler 1 0 1 Pennington
{population 206.888) N02 III
CO III
Ox III
002 Phenix City. Alabama PM Hi Vol 5 9 0 r~ontgomery Fi re
I Columb~s. Georgia Tape 2 0 2 Station #5
0'1
Interstate AQCR S02 III Bubhler 1 0 1 Prattville
(total population 718,026; N02 III
Alabama portion 442.242) CO III
Ox III
003 East Alabama PM Hi Vol 6 8 0 Gadsden 0441
Intras tate AQCR Tape 2 0 2
(population 400.943) S02 III Bubbler 1 ° 1 Chi ldersburg
N02 III
C02 III
Ox III
Table 1~2.
MINIMUM REQUIRES ~ AIR QUALITY
SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
-------
Number of Sampling Stations
Required Existing Additional
Instrument Sampling Sampling Sampling Area of Estimated
Region Pollutant Pri ori ty Type Sites Sites Sites Max. Concentration
004 Metro Birmingham
Intrastate AQCR P~1 Hi Vol 10 16 North Birmingham
Tape 5 5
(population 1,043,529) S02 I I Bubblers 3 0 3
Continuous 1 0 1 North Birmingham
N02 III
CO I Continuous 3 2 5th N. & 21st Birmingham
Ox I Continuous 3 2 5th N. & 21st Birmingham
I 005 Mobile Pensacola pr~ Hi Vol 2 9 0 State Docks, Mobile
........
Panama City Southern Tape 2 0 2
Mississippi Interstate AQCR S02 I Bubb 1 ers 2 0 2 Salco
(total population 2,11,846; NO" III Continuous 1 0 1
L
Alabama portion 411 ,596) CO III
Ox I Continuous 0 State Docks, Mobile
006 Southeast Alabama Pf1 I I Hi Vol 3 2 Dothan
Intrastate AQCR Tape 1 0
(population 236,184) S02 III Bubbler 1 0 Dothan
N02 I I I
CO III
Ox I I I
Table 1-2.
(continued)
-------
Number of Sampling Stations
Required Existing Additional
Instrument Sampling Sampling Sampling Area of Estimated
Region Pollutant Priority Type Sites Sites Sites Max. Concentration
007 "Tennessee River Valley PM Hi Vol 7 13 0 Tuscumbia
(Ala) Cumberland Mtns. Tape 3 0 3
(Tenn) Interstate AQCR
--' (total population 971.443; 502 Bubblers 5 0 5 Wi dow I s Creek
I Alabama portion 702.773) Continuous 2 0 2
ex:>
N02 III
CO I I I
Ox III
Tab 1 e 1- 2 .
(continued)
-------
JiCiiCii
LAWR NCE
0'111\81'1.
o .
81" "ar....."
FRANKLIN
a..t:~~~"VIl1~. N..-buO
IiAWidi .RId &., 0 Rockwood
V'IIJ ScwutePontO
o
0"""
PM
OC,,"pbtli
WINS N
2':-k .H..........
OOelIN'
OG..,wn
AAION
o
HU~letMI
~son 06:,
(;) Dou~ SptllIlS
~lulI'BflClif
Ol,nn
'1ir1 Sutunl WALK
'...YEr:tlftr.1d W'-:;~c::- HIU
l1owa'dO
OA'I..~
OB~ur
OH.mlllon
'&1iOi
l.....AA
°Otlrool
B,.~rtono
.
s...11o.:~nl
O\l~''''''n
.""1-&
K<,nnrd1
M,lIlIo,tO 0
N,..to""II,
o
TUSCALOOSA
PICKENS
:dn,m
8'0..1'1"';11,
o
OC,,'DlllolI
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.
y",k
.
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o
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y,.bo
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'f,IIo..f'1ne W",rO
.T,bbi.
ofrUltiUlt °OUnilotm
o (SUIl8Ol
o~:
CnU.
"11-.
BTewtoa .E. En-toll
oPo!lI,d
. F'Iom"Ion
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GtN(VA &tlH 0
s.!- SPf!np Hart".
OW''''I lCdh''6 H.cod.! c.-O
.'...»1
01 L
r'
Figure '1,..2.
EPISODE MONITORING
STATION LOCATIONS
1-9
-------
jiCkiQii
UION
DR....,
PICk[NS
'')I''~bd
o
Y,rbo
Ytlla.Plnt
'I'bb.'
O"u'tl1,11 °OUnllcnn
Ol\Ctlf.W08
00...
. P.rk
Ol<.IMtnn
G£N[V",
O""""'! lOfkll"6 H~(\m.
8flor.LI
C."~"O
u-
Figure 1-3.
MINIMUM REQUIRED
STATION LOCATIONS
1-10
-------
2.0 REGIONAL AIR QUALITY SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS
The following descriptions of air quality surveillance programs
includes the design basis for the programs which will meet the Federal
Register requirements. In each case there is a description of an expanded
surveillance program which encompasses a more thorough sampling network
at appropriate sites within the region.
2.1
REGION 001 - ALABAMA AND TOMBIGBEE RIVERS INTRASTATE AIR QUALITY
CONTROL REGION
This region, with an area of 8,691 square miles and a population
of 206,888 is predominantly rural. Thirty-five significant point sources
have been identified in the region, and about twenty of these sources are
sawmills or wood product plants. There are five known pulp mills and one
ferroalloy plant. Both the industrial activity and the population are
centered in Selma, the region's largest city, and in Demopo1is. County
summaries of annualized emissions are shown in the Control Strategy docu-
ment. Population by county is shown in Table 2-1.
2.1.1
Existing Air Quality Data
The State has operated samplers for total suspended particulates in
Selma and Demopo1is since 1969. Beginning in January, 1971, the State has
operated high volume air samplers in Evergreen and Grove Hill. Particulate
values are generally low, with a low of 35~g/m3 geometric mean for the
first half of 1971 at Evergreen. Demopolis has the region's highest mea-
sured particulate levels, with a 1969-70 annual geometric mean of 55~g/m3.
At Selma, where the 1970-71 annual geometric mean was 45~g/m3, the sam-
pling site is surrounded by large trees and is removed from the principal
emission sources. If the sampler were placed at the site of maximum con-
centration, it is believed that Selma would record the highest particulate
levels. The existing air quality data for this region are summarized in
Appendix A.
2-1
-------
TABLE 2-1
REGION 001 POPULATION (1970 CENSUS)
County Population
Da 11 as 55,296
Clarke 26,724
Marengo 23,819
Mon roe 20,883
Choctaw 16,589
Wilcox 16,303
Washington 16,241
Conecuh 15,645
Perry 15,388
206,888
2-2
-------
2.1.2
Regional Classification
On the basis of available air quality data and consideration of the
emission inventory, this region is classified as priority II for suspended
particulates and priority III for all other pollutants (see Table 1-1 for
justification). For this classification and population, paragraph 420.17
of the August 14, 1971, Federal Register specifies that the minimum require-
ments for air quality monitoring for this region must include the following:
. Three high volume samplers monitoring particulates,
each collecting one 24-hour sample every sixth day.
. One tape sampler monitoring soiling and collecting
one sample every two hours.
. One bubbler monitoring sulfur dioxide and collecting
one 24-hour sample every sixth day.
2.1.3 Minimum Requirements
The minimum requirements for monitoring particulates, as specified
above for high volume samplers, will be met by the operation of one high
volume sampler at Selma and one at Demopolis as these two cities have the
largest concentration of industrial activity in the region. One high volume
sampler will be located at Evergreen which will be considered a background
monitor.
The high volume sampler at Selma will be relocated to the ea~t side
of town, which is near the area of estimated maximum pollutant concentra-
tion. The high volume sampler in Demopolis will be relocated to a site
atop the one-story High School Administration building. This site has little
around it to affect wind conditions and, therefore, should provide more
accurate sampling results. The current location adjacent to the Fire Depart-
ment is too far removed from the principal sources and has too many tall trees
near the sampler.
The minimum requirement for monitoring soiling will be met by the
operation of a tape sampler at Selma. This sampler will be located with
the high volume sampler. The minimum requirement for monitoring sulfur
2-3
-------
dioxide will be met by the operation of a bubbler at Pennington near a large
paper plant, one of the point sources in the region.
2.1.4 Expanded Air Quality Surveillance System
While the above described monitoring network would meet the estab-
lished federal standards, the following additions to the minimum
air quality surveillance system would provide a plan for the long term
goals of the Alabama air quality monitoring system. The additions to the
system and the rationale are as follows.
A high volume sampler is currently operated at Grove Hill and should
be continued in addition to the minimum system. It will be moved from the
Clark County Health Department because of its location under a stand of
tall trees. The new location will be atop the hospital just south of town
which is in an open area.
Two additional high volume samplers should be located in this region
and placed one each at Pennington and Jackson. Pennington is the site of
one of the large paper plants in the region with visible and noticeable
particulate emissions. A possible location for sampling is atop a one-
story Post Office Building in Myrtlewood, about 5 miles from the plant.
Another possible sampling site is adjacent to a lift bridge operator's
station on State Route 114 within 1/2 to 3/4 miles of the plant. In
Jackson, the high volume sampler might be located on leased land near the
river and adjacent to many of the local sources which include a large paper
plant, a large electric generating plant and various wood products com-
panies. If a location by the river could not be secured, a location atop
the Leroy High School or the Jackson High School would prove satisfactory.
An additional sulfur dioxide bubbler should be operated adjacent to.
the high volume sampler at Jackson. Two nitrogen dioxide bubblers should
be operated in the region as part of the air quality surveillance network.
One of these will be located adjacent to the high volume station in Selma
and the other near the high volume station in Demopo1is.
Sampling locations and equipment requirements for both the minimum
and the expanded air quality surveillance system are summarized in Table 2-2.
2-4
-------
-..
TABLE 2-2 REGION 001 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Minimum Federal Requirements
Location Instrument
Pollutant
Expanded Air Quality Network
Instrument Location
Selma*
Demopo 1 i s
Evergreen
(background)
Hi Vol
Particulate
Hi Vol
Selma
Demopolis
Evergreen
(background)
Grove Hi 11
Pennington
Jackson
Selma* Tape Part i c u 1 ate Tape
N Pennington* Bubbler S02 Bubbler
I
l11
N02 Bubbler
Selma
Pennington
Jackson
Selma
Demopolis
Minimum Federal Requirements
Equipment Summary
3-Hi Vol(s)
l-Tape Sampler
l-S02 Bubbler
Expanded Air Quality
Equipment Summary
6-Hi Vol(s)
l-Tape Sampler
2-502 Bubbler(s)
2-N02 Bubbler(s)
* Area of estimated maximum concentration
-------
2.2 REGION 002 PHENIX CITY, ALABAMA - COLUMBUS, GEORGIA INTERSTATE
AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
This interstate region contains a total population of 718,026. The
Alabama portion encompasses eleven counties with a population of 442,242
and an area of 7,267 square miles. The centers of population are Montgomery
and Phenix City, with the balance of the region principally rural. There
is relatively little industrial activity in this region. There is light
industry in Ope1ika and pulp mills in Autauga and Russel Counties. With
these exceptions, the major industrial activities in this region are wood
product plants or sawmills. County summaries of annualized emissions are
shown in the Control Strategy document. Population by county is shown in
Table 2-3.
2.2.1
Existing Air Quality
The State of Alabama has operated a high volume air sampler in Phenix
City since 1967 and, beginning in January, 1971, has operated five high
volume samplers in Montgomery and one in Troy. There has been a NASN high
volume sampler in Montgomery since 1959 and a gas bubbler since 1969. The
highest regional suspended particulate levels have been measured in Mont-
gomery, where the NASN station reported a 1970 geometric mean of 80~g/m3
and a maximum of 256~g/m3 for 1970. The State of Alabama's monitoring
station at Fire Station No.5 is in an area of higher suspended particulate
concentration. The geometric mean for the first half of 1971 was 117~g/m3.
The NASN gas bubbler data from Montgomery in 1970 indicate that S02
and N02 are both low, with annual arithmetic averages of 6~g/m3 for sulfur
dioxide and 43~g/m3 for nitrogen dioxide. The existing air quality data
for this region are summarized in Appendix A.
2.2.2
Regional Classification
The population of the total interstate region, based upon the 1970
census figures, was 718,026. The Alabama population of the region was
442,242. Based upon available air quality data and consideration of the
2-6
-------
TABLE 2-3 REGION 002 POPULATION (1970 CENSUS)
County Population
Montgomery 167,790
Lee 61,268
Russell 45,394
El more 33,535
Autauga 24,460
Pike 25,038
Macon 24,841
Butler 22,007
Crenshaw 13 , 188
Lowndes 1 2 , 89 7
Bullock 11 ,824
442,242
2-7
-------
emission inventory, the region is classified as priority I for particulate
and priority III for all other pollutants (see Table 1-1 for justification).
To determine the air quality monitoring equipment
the minimum specification of the federal regulation for
region, the following computation was performed.
required to meet
an interstate
By federal standards, this interstate region must have four high
volume samplers plus 0.6 per 100,000 population. Therefore
4.0 + (0.6 x 7.18) = 4.0 + 4.31 = 8.31
high volume samplers are required for the region. Based on the proportionate
population (718,026 total in the region with 442,242 in Alabama) the minimum
number of high volume samplers to be placed in the Alabama portion of the
region is
442) ~.
8.31 (718 = 5.1 = 5 hlgh volume samplers for Alabama
To compute the number of tape samplers, federal specifications state there
shall be one tape sampler per 250,000 persons. Therefore
718,026 = 2 87 tape samplers for this interstate region
250,000 . - - -
with Alabama's share being in proportion to population or
442 ~
(718) 2.87 = 1.87 = 2 tape samplers for Alabama
The minimum requirement for sulfur dioxide is one bubbler. Since
the Alabama portion of the region has 60 percent of the population:
(;i~) = 0.6 ~ 1 sulfur dioxide bubbler for Alabama
2.2.3
Minimum Requirements
In view of the above computations, the Alabama
interstate region must have the following monitoring
the federal minimum requirements:
portion of this
equipment to meet
2-8
-------
.
Five high volume samplers monitoring particulates,
each collecting one 24-hour sample every sixth day.
. Two tape samplers monitoring soiling and collecting
one sample every two hours.
. One sulfur dioxide bubbler collecting one 24-hour
sample every sixth day.
The location of this minimum equipment to accomplish long-range alr quality
monitoring will include the high volume sampler located at the NASN station
in Montgomery. Currently, this equipment is operated atop a three-story
building (considering the slope of the ground, this is about 3 1/2 to 4
stories from the ground) of the Montgomery County Health Department. This
location is in close proximity to Maxwell Air Force Base, various wood
products companies (approximately eight teepee type waste burners), light
industry, and agricultural processing.
The second high volume sampler will remain at Fire Station No.5 and
will be used as an Episode Monitoring Station. Sources nearby include
scrap wood burning, a fertilizer plant, and other particulate sources.
Since this sampler is located in the front yard of the fire station, approxi-
mately 100 feet from intersecting roads, it is well located. Unless a
site on private property closer to the point of maximum concentration can
be secured, this station will not be moved.
The third location for a high volume sampler in Montgomery will be
a new site at Boylston, a small suburb to the north. Local sources include
a glass plant, a fibers and fabric company, light industry, and wood pro-
ducts companies. The best location in this area is at the Resurrection
Catholic Church and Convent, about one-half miles due north of the indus-
trial complex. A secondary site location in this area could be atop the
Boylston Branch of the Montgomery Post Office, although this site is farther
from the industrial complex of interest.
2-9
-------
The fourth sampling site will be at Opelika. The current site is
somewhat shielded by tall pine trees. As a result, this site will be changed
to the Lee County Hospital. The new site has the dual advantage of being
closer to one of the potential major local sources, and of not being shielded
by trees. In addition, this site offers the same security as the present
site.
The fifth sampler location will be the existing site at Phenix City.
This is at the Russell County Health Clinic, equivalent in elevation to
being on the second floor. Based upon prevailing wind conditions, this
location receives most of its sample from Columbus, Georgia, which is only
two or three blocks away and across the river.
To complete the minimum federal requirements, one tape sampler will
be located at the same site as the high volume sampler at Fire Station #5
in Montgomery. The second tape sampler will be located at the Phenix City
location.
The bubbler station, required to monitor sulfur dioxide in the region,
will be located near a large pulp and paper plant at Prattville. Site
pOSSibiliti~s include one of the service stations within 1/4 to 1/2 miles of
the paper plant. If the service station locations are not available, the
less desirable sites of the high school or the National Guard building will
be considered.
2.2.4 Expanded Air Quality Surveillance System
The above described monitoring network will meet the federal minimum
equipment requirements and will include the most desirable sampling locations.
The long-term network required to monitor the air quality in this interstate
region more thoroughly require the following changes to the existing net-
work, and additions beyond the minimum requirements.
The existing high volume sampler at Trenhold School is close to the
same sources of particulates as the NASN sampler; namely Maxwell Air Force
2-10
-------
Base, wood waste burners, and wood and agricultural products companies.
If the NASN station is moved to a site on the property of the Maxwell Base,
the sampler at the Trenholm location could be discontinued. If the NASN
station is not moved, the Trenholm sampler should be moved to Water Works
#2. This site is closer to the emissions, offers security, and provides
competent personnel to operate the equipment.
The existing high volume sampler at Fire Station #11 can be moved
after the end of 1971 (one full year of operation) since the suspended
particulate concentration is low. This equipment should be relocated in
Tuskeegee to a site near the college or the hospital to provide regional
background data.
The current location of a sampler at Troy is somewhat removed from
the apparent particulate sources one of which is an industrial plant which
recovers lead from old automobile batteries. This high volume sampler
should be moved to the campus of Troy State University.
A sulfur dioxide bubbler would be operated near the largest point
source in the region at Prattville. This would operate concurrently with
the high volume sampler at this location. The NASN sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen dioxide bubblers in Montgomery should be maintained.
Sampling locations and
and the expanded air quality
2-4.
equipment requirements for both the minimum
surveillance systems are summarized in Table
2-11
-------
TABLE 2-4. REGION 002 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
MINIMUM FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS EXPANDED AIR QUALITY NETWORK
Location Ins trument Pollutant Ins trument Location
Montgomery Hi Vol Particulate Hi Vol Montgomery
NASN NASN
Fire Station #5* Fire Station #5 *
Boylston Boyl s ton
Opelika Hi Vol Trenthome School
Phenix City Hi Vol Troy
Tuskeegee
Opelika
N Pheni x Ci ty
I
--'
N Montgomery Tape Particulate Tape Montgomery
Fire Station #5* Fire Station #5 *
Phenix City Pheni x Ci ty
Prattville* Bubbler ~ Bubbler Prattvi lle
Montgomery (NASN)
N02 Bubbler Montgomery (NASN)
Minimum Federal Requirements
Equipment Summary
5 - Hi Vols
2 - Tape Samplers
1 - S02 Bubbler
Expanded Air Quality
Equipment Summary
8 - Hi Vols
2 - Tape Samplers
2 - S02 Bubblers
1 - N02 Bubbler
Episode Monitoring Station
* Area of estimated maximum concentration
-------
2.3 REGION 003 - EAST ALABAMA INTRASTATE AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
This region, consisting of ten counties with an area of 6,228 square
miles and a population of 400,943, has an economy primarily dedicated to
agriculture and forest products. The northern portion of the region is
composed of hills and valleys while the southern portion is generally
flat. Industrial activity is centered in Talladega, Calhoun, and Etowah
Counties, with the major industrial activity in the towns of Gadsden,
Childersburg, and Anniston. County summaries of annualized emissions are
shown in the Control Strategy document. Population by county is shown
in Table 2-5.
2.3.1 Existing Air Quality Data
The State has operated a high volume sampler in Anniston since 1969.
Beginning in 1971, the State has operated high volume samplers in Sylacauga
and Talladega. The State has operated two high volume samplers in Gadsden
since the beginning of 1971, and an NASN sampling station has operated in
Gadsden since 1964. While the particulate measured at Talladega has been
high, the readings are distorted. The high volume sampler is located in
the yard of the Health Department next to a dusty area and near an area where
wrecked automobiles are burned.
The highest recently measured particulate concentrations are at site
0441 in Gadsden, where the geometric mean for the first half of 1971 is
132 ~g/m3. Site 0440 in Gadsde~ showed a 1971 half-yearly geometric mean
of 106 ~g/m3 of suspended particulates. The air quality data for this region
are summarized in Appendix A.
2.3.2. Regional Classification
On the basis of existing air quality data and consideration of the
emission inventory, this region is classified as priority I for suspended
particulates and priority III for all other pollutants. (See Table 1-1
for justification.)
2-13
-------
TABLE 2-5. REGION 003 POPULATION (1970 CENSUS)
County
Population
Calhoun
Etowah
Talladega
Chambers
Tallapoosa
Randolph
Cherokee
Clay
Cleburne
Coosa
103,092
94,144
65,280
36,356
33t840
18,331
15,606
12 t 6 35
10t996
10,662
400,943
2-14
-------
Since there are no measured air quality data for sulfur dioxide in the
region, an estimate of the predicted concentration is required for regional
priority classification. The dominant point sources in the region are the
Republic Steel coke ovens in Gadsden and the Alabama Power and Kimberly
Clark power plants near Childersburg. The Alabama Power ,stack was selected
for calculation. This point source has a physical stack height of 150 feet,
burns coal with a sulfur content of 1.50 percent, has S02 emissions of
3,830 tons/year and is rated at 1494 million BTU/hour. The maximum arithmetic
average ground-level concentration was determined using the procedure
outlined in "Sensitivity Analysis of Selected Air Quality Implementation
Planning Program Input Parameters ," prepared for EPA by TRW Systems under
Contract No. PH 22-68-60. Estimated parameters were:
. Stack Temperature - 465°F
. Stack Diameter - 3.0 meters
. Stack Velocity - 13 meters/second
. Pressure - 1000 mb
. Ambient Temperature 70°F
The calculated normalized plume rise is 193 meters2/second. Using a conservative
effective stack height of 50 meters, a normalized maximum concentration of
0.6 (~g/m3}/(ton/day) is determined. With a daily emission rate of 10.4
tons/day, the estimated maximum annual arithmetic average ground level con-
centration is 6.2 ~g/m3. Since this is far below the 60 ~g/m3 level set
for priority II classification and since uncalibrated models of the type
used for this calculation historically overpredict ground level concentra-
tions, the region is classified as priority III for sulfur dioxide.
The minimum requirements for air quality monitoring for this classification
and population are as follows:
2-15
-------
. Six high volume samplers monitoring particulates,
each collecting one 24-hour sample every sixth day.
. Two tape samplers monitoring soiling, each
collecting one sampler every two hours.
. One bubbler monitoring sulfur dioxide and
collecting one 24-hour sample every sixth
d~.
2.3.3
Minimum Requirements
An air quality monitoring network designed to include the equipment
specified as meeting the above federal minimum requirements will be as
follows:
For monitoring suspended particulates, two high volume samplers will
be located in Gadsden. The NASN site will be utilized. The sampler at
State site 0441 is currently at the Walnut Park South Gadsden tngine
Company No.7, due west of town. However, since this location is somewhat
obstructed by buildings, the sampler will be moved to the Gadsden Street
Department building. A tape sampler will be located with this high volume
sampler. The tape sampler site is designated as an episode monitoring station.
One high volume sampler and one tape sampler will be located in
Childersburg. A large pulp mill operates about one mile south of town
and a steam generating plant is located about five miles east of town.
The samplers will be located on the roof of the trade school one mile
east of town. Alternate sites are the Water Works building and the Police
Department building.
Une high volume sampler will be located in Alexander City at the
Alexander City Junior College. This location is about one mile southwest
of town and near light industry including two foundries, a wood plant,
and an asphalt batch plant.
2-16
-------
One high volume sampler will be located in Anniston at the Blue
Mountain Post Office. This is a one~story brick building in a combined
residential/light industrial valley. Numerous pipe and valve companies
operate in this area.
One high volume sampler will be
at the Federal Building. This site is
a small industrial area.
located in Talladega at a new site
on the west side of town, close to
To complete the minimum requirements, one sulfur dioxide bubbler
will be operated at the Childersburg sampling site.
2.3.4 Expanded Air Quality Surveillance System
The geographical and industrial complexity of this region suggest
that the existing air quality data may be representative of only a small
area. Since this region is in the meteorologically episode-prone portion
of the State, it is advisable to acquire some data on the potential for
elevated concentrations of the gaseous pollutants. Particulate monitoring
at the minimum requirements level is fairly complete.
In Gadsden, the second State high volume sampler currently operating
at site 0440 is located at Fire Station Engine Company No.6. This is close
to a large manufacturing plant and a steam generating plant. The East
Gadsden Community Center is a one-story building closer to both of these
sources, and is not hindered by trees or nearby obstructing buildings.
The sampler should be moved to the East Gadsden Community Center. It
would be desirable to operate a bubbler for S02 and N02 to determine the
levels of these gaseous pollutants.
Anniston is in a valley in which there are three distinct areas where
air quality may be different. One area, the Blue Mountain Post Office,
should be monitored by high volume samplers. (This area is included in the
minimum requirements). The other two areas can be monitored by high volume
samplers located in the downtown area at the Court House and in the Oxford
area south of Anniston. The most desirable site in Oxford is the roof of the
,Quintard Mall shopping center. An alternate site is the Oxford High School.
2-17
-------
The current high volume sampling site at Sylacauga, which is behind
the Health Clinic in an open grassy area, can be continued.
Since there is no existing station suitable to determine background
concentrations of pollutants, Ashland has been identified as a location
for background sampling in this region.
Unpublished data from the National Air Pollution Control Administration
(the predecessor to EPA) suggests that elevated nitrogen dioxide concentrations
may exist in some portions of this region. To verify this possibility,
nitrogen dioxide bubblers should be operated in conjunction with the high
volume samplers in Anniston, Gadsden, Childersburg, and Ashland. "lhis
sampling can be discontinued after one year if the results compare favorably
with the ambient air quality standards.
Sampling locations and equipment requirements for both the minimum
and expanded air quality surveillance systems are summarized in Table 2-6.
2.18
-------
Table 2-6.
REGION 003 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Minimum Federal Requi rements Expanded Air Quality Network
Location Instrument Pollutant Instrument Location
Gadsden (0441) * Hi Vol Particulate Hi Vol Gadsden (NA5N)
Gadsden (NA5N) Gadsden (0440)
Childersburg Gadsden (0441)*
Alexander Ci ty Talladega (Federal Bldg)
Anniston (Blue Mountain Anniston (Blue Mountain
Pos t Offi ce) Post Office)
N Talladega (Federal Bldg) Anniston (Court House)
I
--' Anniston (Oxford)
\D
5ylacauga
Alexander City
Childersburg
Ashland (Background)
Gadsden (0441)* Tape Particulate Tape Gadsden (0441)*
Childersburg Chi ldersburg
Bubbler 502 Bubbler Gadsden (0440)
Childersburg * Chi ldersburg*
N02 Bubbler Gadsden (0440)
*Area of estimated maximum concentration Chi ldersburg
Episode Monitoring Station
-------
'"
I
'"
o
Minimum Federal Requirements
Location
Equipment Summary
6 - Hi Vols
2 - Tape Samplers
1 - 502 Bubbler
Table 2-6.
(continued)
Instrument
Pollutant
* Area of estimated maximum concentration
Episode Monitoring Station
Instrument
Expanded Air Quality Network
Location
Anniston (Blue Mountain
Post Office)
Anniston (Court House)
Anniston (Oxford)
Ashland (background)
Equipment Summary
11 - Hi Vols
2 - Tape Samplers
2 - S02 Bubblers
6 - N02 Bubblers
-------
2.4 REGION 004 - METROPOLITAN BIRMINGHAM INTRASTATE AIR QUALITY
CONTROL REGION
Jefferson, Tuscaloosa, and Shelby Counties dominate the economy
of this 11,000 square mile region. The remaining counties have agri-
cultural or forest-based economies. Jefferson and Tuscaloosa Counties
contain 73 percent of the regional population of 1,043,529. The geography
of this region varies from the plains of the southwestern portion to the
mountains of the eastern portion.
The poor air quality in Birmingham is well documented and it represents
the major air pollution control problem within the region. County summaries
of annualized emissions are shown in the Control Strategy document. Popu-
lation by county is shown in Table 2-7.
2.4.1
Existing Air Quality Data
The Jefferson County Health Department began an air quality surveillance
program in 1965, taking up where a special federally funded study in 1964-1965
concluded. A substantial body of air monitoring information is available.
A federal National Air Surveillance Network high volume sampler has
operated in Birmingham since 1957; and information is available for
suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, aldehydes and
ammonia from 1969. Since mid-1970, EPA has operated an automated sampling
van ~btaining information on nitrogen dioxide, total nitrogen oxides, sulfur
dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxidants, hydrocarbons, suspended particulates
and soiling.
The maximum suspended particulate concentration in the region has
consistently been measured at the North Birmingham sampling station, where
the 1970-1971 annual geometric mean was 237 ~g/m3. Elsewhere in Birmingham
1970-1971 geometric means were 170 ~g/m3 at the EPA downtown trailer, and
131 ~g/m3 at Bessemer. A 1971 half yearly geometric mean of 162 ~g/m3 has
been measured at Leeds, in close proximity to a cement plant.
2-21
-------
TABLE 2-7.
REGION 004 POPULATION (1970 CENSUS)
County Population
Jefferson 644,991
Tuscaloosa 116,029
Walker 56,246
Shelby 38,037
St. Clair 27,956
Blount 26,853
Ch il ton 25 , 1 80
Pickens 20,326
S umte r 16,974
Fayette 16,252
Hale 15,888
Lamar 14,335
Bibb 13,812
Greene 10,650
1,043,529
2-22
-------
The annual arithmetic average nitrogen dioxide concentration in Bir-
mingham, measured at the NASN sampling station at 720 South 20th Street,
was 110 ~g/m3 in 1970. The 1971 EPA Summer Study reported an average
value of 75 ~g/m3. Sulfur dioxide has consistently been measured as
3
about 25 ~g/m .
The highest pollutant concentrations measured at the EPA trailer
site in downtown Birmingham occurred during an episode on April 16, 1971.
The maximum one-hour CO concentration was 32.5 ppm and the maximum one-
hour total hydrocarbon concentration was 10 ppm. The suspended particu-
late concentration was 499 ~g/m3 over a 24-hour averaging time. Soiling
index peaked at 5.7 COHs/1000LF. The air quality data for this region are
summarized in Appendix A.
I
I
I
2.4.2
Regional Classification
Based on the available air quality data for Birmingham, this region
is classified as priority I for particulates, carbon monoxide, and oxidants,
and priority III for nitrogen dioxide. (See Table 1-1 for justification.)
The largest point source of emission of S02 in the region is the
Alabama Power generating station in Greene County, with emissions of 51,909
tons/year. Sources in the Fairfield section of Birmingham have nearly the
same total, but are numerous rather than a single point. For the power
station in Greene County, using the point model of Appendix A of the August
14,1971, Federal Register with parameters of 600 meters for L, 175 meters
for cry and 4 meters/second for u, the maximum 24-hour S02 concentration
is calculated as 358 ~g/m3. This defines a priority II classification
for sulfur dioxide.
Minimum sampling requirements are as follows:
. For particulates, ten high volume samplers, each
collecting one 24-hour sample every sixth day and
five tape samplers, each collecting one sample every
two hours.
2-23
-------
. For oxidants, three continuous gas phase chemilumines-
cence analyzers.
. For carbon monoxide, three continuous non-dispersive
infrared analyzers, or equivalent.
. For sulfur dioxide, three bubblers, each obtaining
one 24-hour sample every sixth day, and one continuous
analyzer.
2.4.3 Minimum Requirements
While the principal surveillance effort must be expended in
Birmingham, there are other areas within the region which require
attention. Tuscaloosa and Leeds, in particular, should have air
quality monitoring.
The topography of Birmingham is a primary consideration in design
of an air quality surveillance system. The Jones Valley is the main
populated area with the industrial area following the northwesterly line
referred to as the Opossum Valley. The major heavy industry in
Birmingham is in the Opossum Valley.
The northeast-to-southwest orientation of the valley results in
channeling of winds. The major industrial development is in North
Birmingham with large steel plants (one owner) located in Fairfield
and Ensley. There is moderate industrial development in the Bessemer
area and light industry is generally spread through the area. Six of
the ten high volume samplers in the region wi1l be located in Birmingham.
To accomplish a good geographical coverage of the highest pollutant
concentrations, sampling sites are necessary at North Birmingham, downtown,
and Fairfield. These three stations are designated as episode stations.
Each site will have a high volume sampler, tape sampler, and continuous
oxidant and CO analyzers. The Fairfield station is nearest to the major S02
emission sources and will have a continuous S02 analyzer while the other
two will have S02 bubblers. High volume samplers will be located at
2-24
-------
Mountain Brook, NASN and Bessemer to complete the minimum geographical
coverage of Birmingham.
A study* of automobile emission density, based on a traffic analysis,
indicates that the present location of the EPA trailer at First Avenue
and 14th Street is slightly removed from the area of maximum automotive
exhaust emission density. Relocation of the downtown site to within three
blocks of the intersection of 5th Avenue North and 21st Street will provide
sampling in an.area where automobile emissions are nearly double those
at the present site.
The present North Birmingham sampling site location is satisfactory.
In Fairfield, the Fairfield City Hall is the best site for a new sampling
station because of proximity to both the industrial sources and the major
traffic artery through the Fairfield section.
Outside of Birmingham, high volume samplers will be operated in
those areas where measured particulate levels are high or where the emission
inventory indicates a potential for elevated pollutant concentrations.
These sites are Tuscaloosa, Leeds (0660), and Jasper. A sulfur dioxide
bubbler and tape sampler will be located in Tuscaloosa because of proximity
to a pulp mill. A tape sampler will be located at Leeds (0660) because of
elevated particulate concentrations. At a background site in Chilton,
Blount, Lamar, or Hale County (to be finally selected based on local con-
ditions and availability of personnel to operate the equipment), a high
volume sampler will be operated to acquire information on the minimum
regional concentration of this pollutant.
2.4.4
Expanded Air Quality Surveillance System
The minimum requirements program described will provide basic in-
formation but will not meet all the regional needs for air quality data.
*
"Final Report On The Emissions Inventory For The State Of Alabama",
August 1971, TRW #18425.001.
2-25
-------
The geographical coverage of Birmingham is scanty, and there are other
potential areas of elevated particulate concentration within the region
which should have air quality monitoring. The NASN data for nitrogen
dioxide suggests that concentrations of this pollutant may approach or
exceed the ambient air quality standards in some portions of the region,
so bubblers will be included in the expanded system.
In Birmingham, the area matrix of high volume samplers should be
expanded to include Tarrant City, Woodlawn, West End, Pratt City Park,
Dolomite, and the NASN station near the Health Department offices.
The NASN station will continue to acquire bubbler data on sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Since the NASN high volume sampler filters
are analyzed for many chemical components, these results should be the
basis for trend analysis of specific components of suspended particulate
matter.
Nitorgen dioxide bubblers will be operated at North Birmingham, the
downtown site, Fairfield, Mountain Brook, Bessemer, Tuscaloosa, Jasper, and
at the background site. For convenience, these bubblers will be operated
on the same sampling schedule as the high volume samplers.
Based on measured particulate levels and the regional emission in-
ventory, high volume samplers should be operated in Holt, Pell City, Rag-
land, Fayette, and Columbiana.
Sampling locations and equipment requirements for both the minimum
and the expanded air quality surveillance systems are summarized in Table
2-8.
2-26
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Table 2-8.
MINIMUM FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS
Location
Instrument
Birmingham
N. Birm.*
Downtown
Hi Vol
Fairfield
Mountain Brook
N
I
N
""-J
Bessemer
Irondale
Tuscaloosa (A)
Leeds (0660)
Jasper
Background
REGION 004 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Poll utant
. Particulate
EXPANDED AIR QUALITY NETWORK
Instrument
Location
Hi Vol
B i rmi ngham
N. Birmingham*
Downtown
Fairfield
Mountain Brook
Bessemer
Irondale
Tarrant City
Woodlawn
West End
NASN
Pratt Ci ty Park
Dolomite
Tuscaloosa (A)
Holt
Leeds (0660)
Jasper
Pell City
Ragland
Fayette
Columbhna
Background
-------
"
Table 2-8.
(continued)
MINIMUM FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS
Location Instrument
Pollutant
EXPANDED AIR QUALITY NETWORK
Instrument Location
Birmingham Birmingham
N. Birmingham* Tape Particulate Tape N. Bi rmi ngham *
Downtown Downtown
Fairfield Fairfield
Tuscaloosa (A) / Tuscaloosa (A)
Leeds (0660) Leeds (0660)
Birmingham Birmingham
Fairfield* Cont. S02 Cont. Fairfield* .
N Birmingham Bi rmi ngham
I
N
ex> Downtown Bubbler S02 Bubbler Downtown
N. Bi rm; ngham N. Bi rmi ngham
Tuscaloosa Tuscaloosa(A)
NASN
Bi rmingham Uirmingham
N. Bi rmingham Cont. CO N. Bi rmi ngham
Downtown Downtown
Fairfield Fairfield
Bi rmingham Birmingham
N. Bi rmi ngham Cont. Oxidants Ii. Birmingham
Downtown* Downtown *
Fairfield Fairfield
Bi rmi ngham
Bubblers !!Q2 Bubb 1 ers IL Birmingham
Downtown
-------
)
Table 2-8.
(continued)
MINIMUM FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS
EXPANDED AIR QUALITY NETWORK
Location
Ins trument
Pollutant
Ins trument
Location
N02
Bubblers
Fairfield
Mountain Brook
Bessemer
NASN
Tuscaloosa (A)
N
I
N
\0
Jasper
Backg round
Minimum Federal Requirements
Equipment Summary
10 - Hi Vols
5 - Tape Samplers
1 - Continuous S02
3 - S02 Bubblers
3 - Continuous CO
3 - Continuous Oxidant
Expanded Air Quality
Equipment Summary
21 - Hi Vols
5 - Tape Samplers
1 - Continuous S02
4 - S02 Bubb 1 ers
3 - Continuous CO
3 - Continuous Oxidant
9 - N02 Bubblers
*Area of estimated maximum concentration
Episode Monitoring Station
-------
2.5 REGION 005 - MOBILE-PENSACOLA-PANAMA CITY SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI
INTERSTATE AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
This three-state region encompasses a total population of 1,111,846,
of which the Alabama population is 411,596. The area of the three Alabama
counties is 3,780 square miles. The climate and topography are typical of
areas of the Gulf Coast, i.e., flat, in some cases marshy and quite
rainy. The annual prevailing wind in Mobile is 10 mph from the north.
Mobile dominates the industrial economy of the region. There is some
minor agricu1aura1 and forest industry in Escambia County and Baldwin
County. County summaries of annualized emissions are shown in the Strategy
section. Population by counties is shown in Table 2-9.
2.5.1
Existing Air Quality Data
I -
In Mobile the National Air Surveillance Network has operated a high
volume sampler since 1958 and a gas bubbler since 1969. This sampling
site on the roof of the Board of Health Building at 248 Cox St. is somewhat
removed from both the industrial area and the central business district.
The Mobile County Health Department has an active sampling program.
Suspended particulates, dustfa11 and su1fation rate are sampled at Axis,
the Mobile State Docks, the Police Building, the Central Fire Station,
Theodore, Brookley Field, Pritchard, and the intersection of General
Bullard and Airport Roads. In addition, special sampling is performed
where the activities of specific local sources warrant. The Mobile
County Health Department conducted an extensive study in the three-county
region in 1969. Sufficient data were collected to justify the conclusion
that the particulate problem in this region is centered in the industrial
area around the State Docks. Annual geometric mean suspended particulate
concentrations at the State Docks Administration Building were 120 and
l4"j.lg/m3 in 1969 and 1970', respectively. The 1969 and 1970 geometric
mean suspended particulate concentrations at the City Fire Station were
145 and i30j.lg/m3, respectively. These data represent regional maxima for
suspended particulates. The lowest recent value was determined during
. 3
the last half of 1969 at Robertsda1e, where the geometric mean was 39j.lg/m
and the highest value of 22 samples was 77j.lg/m3.
2-30
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TABLE 2-9.
County
Mo bile
Baldwin
Escambia
I '
I
I
REGION 005 POPULATION (1970 CENSUS)
2-31
Population
317,308
59,382
34,906
411,596
-------
The results of the NASN sampling and the Mobile County sampling
indicate that the benzene soluble fraction of suspended particulates is
extremely high in Mobile. The Mobile Health Department routinely analyzes
high volume filters for benzene soluble content, nitrate content, and
sulfate content as well as total suspended particulate.
Since mid-1970, EPA has had an automated sampling van on loan to
the State of Alabama in operation in the State Docks area at the transmitter
of radio station WKRG. This trailer contains instrumentation for total
suspended particulate, spot samples, total nitrogen oxides, nitrogen
dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxidants.
Oxidant levels sometimes exceed 0.1 ppm on an hourly basis and very high
hydrocarbon levels, eg., 10 to 15 ppm, are detected some four to eight
hours prior to the oxidant peaks. Recorded hydrocarbon, oxidant and sus-
pended particulate levels are high, while other pollutant levels are
relatively low.
The state has operated a sampling van at Salco, which is north of
metropolitan Mobile. In this vicinity there is a cellulose chemical plant
and a large power generation station. The pollutants measured at this
location were nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, suspended
particulates and soiling. There have been some measurements for hydrogen
sulfide using lead acetate-treated tape in a separate tape sampler. The
results of sampling at this station indicate that peak readings over 1 ppm
of sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbon peaks in excess of 20 ppm, and oxidant peaks
in excess of 0.1 ppm have been encountered. The arithmetic average suspended
particulate for a two-month period is l29~g/m3, dominated by one or two
very high readings
A summary of pertinent air quality data is shown in Appendix A.
2.5.2 Regional Classification
On the basis of measured air quality data in Alabama, this region is
classified as priority I for suspended particulate, sulfur dioxide, and
~idants. Nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide are classified as priority
III (see Table 1-1 for justification). Minimum sampling requirements for
the three-state region are:
2-32
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For particulates, ten high volume samplers, each collecting one
24-hour sample every sixth day, and four tape samplers, each
collecting a sample every two hours.
. For sulfur dioxide, eight bubblers, each collecting one 24-hour
sample every sixth day, and three continuous analyzers.
.
.
For oxidants, three continuous analyzers.
Apportionment of these samplers on the basis of population calls for
minimum sampling requirements in Alabama, as:
.
For particulates, four high volume samplers collecting one
sample every sixth dat, and two tape samplers collecting a
every two hours, operating continuously.
For sulfur dioxide, three bubblers collecting one 24-hour sample
every sixth day, and one continuous analyzer.
24-hour
sample
.
. For oxidants, one continuous analyzer.
2.5.3 Minimum Requirements
Evaluation of existing air quality data and consideration of the
emission inventory indicate that Mobile is the major air pollution
problem in the three-county Alabama portion of this region. Particulate
emission density is "highest in the area of the state docks, north of down-
town Mobile. The sulfur dioxide point sources are a large steam-electric
generating station north of Salco and the pulp mills near the state docks.
Hydrocarbon emissions are not quantified, but the major traffic density
is along Government Street just west of downtown.
The particulate samplers will be sited at the WKRG transmitter, the
present NASN site at the Board of Health Building, at the Central Fire
Station and at Robertsdale. Each of these sites will have a high volume
sampler. Tape samplers will be located at the WKRG transmitter and at the
NASN site, and these sites will be episode stations for particulates.
The continuous sulfur dioxide analyzer will be located at Salco,
which is near the point of "maximum ground level concentration of the
power plant. This site is between the power plant and the state docks
2-33
-------
area, so it is between the principal point sources. Since this location
is in close proximity to a cellulose process chemical plant, the sampler
must be specific for sulfur dioxide; e.g., a flame photometric analyzer
preceded by a gas chromatographic column which will separate the various
sulfur compounds. This will be an episode monitoring station for sulfur
dioxide.
The three sulfur dioxide bubblers will be located at the WKRG trans-
mitter, at Salco as back-up to the continuous instrument, and the NASN station.
The oxidant analyzer, an episode monitor, will be located at the
WKRG transmitter.
2.5.4 Expanded Air Quality Monitoring System
The air pollutant levels in Mobile are high, and the sources of
benzene soluble particulates and ambient hydrocarbons have not been
identified. The expanded air quality surveillance system will provide
good geographical coverage of pollutant concentrations and data which can
be used to define the source of the hydrocarbons so that adequate control
me.asures can be developed.
High volume samplers, in addition to those at the WKRG transmitter,
Central Fire Station, and the NASN site, will be located at Salco, Creola,
Saraland, Prichard, State Docks Administration Building, Police Building,
General Bullard and Airport Road, Brookley Field, Cottage Hill, Theodore,
and Hollinger's Island. Outside Mobile County, high volume samplers will
be operated at Atmore and Brewton.
I
I
I
I
i
I
I
I
I '.
The sampling station at the WKRG tramsmitter, in addition to oxidants,
will measure methane and nonmethane hydrocarbons as well as wind speed
and direction. This should provide adequate information to locate the
source{s) of these air contaminants. An N02 bubbler will operate in
conjunction with the S02 bubbler, on the same schedule, to provide
additional information on thi5 pollutant for a period of about one year
to verify the NASN bubbler results.
2-34
-------
"
'.!
To best establish the concentration of automobile exhaust-based
pollutants, a new sampling station will be established near the inter-
section of Government and Jackson Streets. At this site, suspended
particulates will be measured by high volume sampler, CO will be measured
by a non-dispersive infrared ana1yser, and oxidants will be measured by
chemiluminescence. The tape sampler will be operated here rather than at
the Board of Health building.
The downtown episode station will be established at Government and
Jackson Street to centralize the monitoring activities.
Sampling locations and equipment requirements for both the minimum
and the expanded air quality surveillance systems are summarized in
Table 2-10.
2-35
-------
Table 2-10.
Minimum Federal Requirements
Location
Ins trument
WKRG Trans-
mitter *
Board of Health Bldg.
(NASN)
HiVol
Central Fire Station
Robertsdale (Background)
N
I
W
0\
REGION 005 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Pollutant
Particulate
Expanded Air Quality Network
Instrument
Location
HiVol
WKRG Transmitter
Board of Health Bldg
(NASN)
Government/Jackson Sts.
*
Salco
Creola
Saraland
Pritchard
State Docks
Ad. Bldg.
Central Fire Station
Police Bldg.
Gen. Bullard/Airport Blvd.
Brookley Field
Cottage Hi 11
Theodore
Hollinger's Island
Atmore
Brewton
Robertsdale (background)
-------
Table 2-10.
(continued)
Minimum Federal Requirements
Expanded Air Quality Network
Loca ti on
Location Instrument Pollutant Instrument
WKRG Trans Tape Particulate Tape
mitter *
Board of Health BldQ
Salco * Cont. ~ Cont.
WKRG Trans- Bubbler ~ Bubbler
mi tter
Board of Health Bldg.
(NASN)
N Salco N02 Bubbler
I
w WKRG Trans- Cont. Oxidant Cont.
-...J mitter *
CO Cont.
Methane and
Non-Methane
Hydrocarbons
Wind Speed
and Direction
Cont.
WKRG Transmitter*
GovernmentjJacksons.Sts.
Salco*
WKRG Transmitter
Board of Health Bldg (NASN)
Salco
Board of Health Bldg {NASN}
WKRG Transmitter*
Government/Jackson Sts.
Government/Jackson Sts.
WKRG Transmi tter
Minimum Federal Requirements
Equipment Summary
4-HiVols
2- Tape samplers
l-Continuous S02
3-S02 bubblers
l-Cont. Oxidant
WKRG
Expanded Air Quality
Equipment Summary
l8-HiVols
2-Tape samplers
l-Cont. 502
3-502 bubblers
l-N02 bubbler
2-Cont. oxidant
* Area of estimated maximum concentration
Episode monitoring station
Transmitter
l-Cont. CO
l-Cont. Methane and Non-
methane hydrocarbon
l-Wind speed and direction
-------
2.6 REGION 006 - SOUTHEAST ALABAMA INTRASTATE AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
This region, with an area of 4838 square miles and a population of
236,184, has relatively little industrial activity. The major employers
in the region are military installation at Fort Rucker and Dothan. The
topography is generally of a level or a very gently rolling contour.
Because of these factors, there are essentially no serious areawide air
pollution problems in the region of Alabama. County summaries of annualized
emissions are shown in the Strategy Section. County populations are shown
in Table 2-11..
2.6.1
Existing Air Quality Data
The State of Alabama has operated high volume samplers in the
metropolitan area of Dothan since 1970 and in Andalusia since January
1971. The highest measured suspended particulate levels in this region
are at the Dothan sampling location, where the 1970-1971 geometric mean
3
of 39 samples was 74 ~g/m .
2.6.2 Regional Classification
On the basis of the prior measurements of air quality and consideration
of the emission inventory, this region is classified as priority II for
particulates and priority III for all other pollutants. (See Table 1-1
for justification.) Minimum sampling requirements are:
. Three high volume samplers monitoring particulates,
each collecting one 24-hour sample every sixth day.
. One tape sampler collecting a sample every two hours.
. One bubbler monitoring sulfur dioxide, and collecting
one 24-hour sample every sixth day.
2.6.3 Minimum Requirements
The requirements for air monitoring equipment and locations to
meet the minimum federal standards for this region include the equipment
listed above. Monitoring sites for suspended particulates will be at Dothan,
Eufaula, and at Abbevi11e as a background location. The high volume
sampler at Dothan is currently located at the Houston County Health
2-38
-------
I'
TABLE 2-11. REGION 006 POPULATION (1970 CENSUS)
County Population
Houston 56,574
Dale 52,938
Coffee 34,872
Covington 34,079
Barbour 22,543
Geneva 21,924
Henry 13,254
236, 184
2-39
-------
office, south of town. This high volume sampler should be moved to the
roof of either the East Highland Elementary School or the Lake Street
Junior High School. Both are one story tall and clear of obstructions.
Both are also near the fertilizer plants and the wood product plants.
At Abbeville, the high volume sampler should be located atop the
Henry County Hospital which is a one-story building and is located near
of town. This location would provide a good background site for this
region.
the middle
The principal particulate emission sources in Eufaula area a fertilizer
plant, waste wood burners, and other agricultural type industries. Many are
within a few blocks of the center of town. The most desirable location for
the high volume sampler is the center of town atop a platform to be erected
on the grass median strip between the two directions of traffic on the road
tn front of the County Court House. The road is approximately 150 feet wide
from curb to curb, power is available, and road dust would not be a problem
as the street is paved and traffic is slow.
To complete the minimum requirements, a tape sampler and sulfur
dioxide bubbler should be operated at Dothan, at the same location as the
high volume sampler.
2.6.4 Expanded Air Quality Surveillance System
To more adequately monitor the long-range air quality in this
region, it is desirable that monitoring with a high volume sampler be
continued at Clayton. Sampling could continue at the current location
which is at the Barbour County Health Department, a one-story brick
building. The sampler should be moved from ground level to the roof of
the building.
Covington County has the highest area source particulate emission
inventory in the region. A high volume sampler located in Andalusia will
provide long-term data to show trends in suspended particulate in this
county.
2-40
-------
Sampling locations and equipment requirements for both the minimum
and the expanded air quality surveillance systems are summarized in
Table 2~12.
2-41
-------
Minimum Federal Requirements
Location
Instrument
Dothan *
Eufau1a
Abbevi 11 e
ground)
HiVo1
(Back-
N
I
.j:::o
N
Dothan *
Dothan *
Tape
Bubbler
Minimum Federal Requirements
Equipment Summary
3-HiVo1s
l-Tape sampler
1-S02 bubbler
TABLE 2-12
REGION 006 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Pollutant
Particulate
Particulate
~
* Area of estimated maximum concentration
..
Expanded Air Quality Network
Instrument
Location
HiVo1
Dothan *
Eufaula
Tape
Bubbler
Clayton
Anda1usia
Abbevi 11 e
Dothan*
Dothan*
(Background)
Expanded Air Quality
Equipment Summary
5-HiVo1s
l-Tape sampler
1-S02 bubbler
-------
2.7 REGION 007 - TENNESSEE RIVER VALLEY (ALABAMA) CUMBERLAND MOUNTAINS
(TENNESSEE) INTERSTATE AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION
This interstate region contains a total population of 971,433. The
Alabama portion has an area of 8,224 square miles and a population of
702,773. The geography of the region is mountainous and is dominated by
the Tennessee River. The area is highly prone to atmospheric stagnations
which are enhanced by the hilly terrain. Episode potential is high in this
region.
Industrial activity is centered in those areas where river transportation
is available. County totals of emissions are shown in the Strategy Section.
Regional population by county is shown in Table 2-13.
-.J
2.7.1
Existing Air Quality Data
The large body of air quality data from this region gives an
excellent perspective on levels of air pollutants. The Tennessee Valley
Authority has operated an active sampling program for many years. In the
vicinity of the Colbert generation station, there are one continuous sulfur
dioxide analyzer, two high volume samplers, two dustfall jars and one ozone
sampler. At the National Fertilizer Development Center, near Tuscumbia, there
is a meteorological facility with a Climet wind system as well as three high
volume samplers and seven stations each for dustfall and fluoride (static
monitors). In the remote area of Hytop, Jackson County, a background station
monitors suspended particulate, dustfall, fluoride, sulfation, ozone and
corrosion effects. In the vicinity of the Widow's Creek generation station,
there are two meteorological facilities, each consisting of an Anemograph
and a Hygro-thermograph. The air monitoring system consists of six sulfur
dioxide monitors (Thomas Autometers), three high volume samplers, five
dustfall jars, 13 sulfation plates, two ozone sensors, and four corrosion
effects sensors. The data from all of these stations are routinely
submitted to the State of Alabama on a quarterly basis.
2-43
-------
TABLE 2-13.
REGION 007 POPULATION (1970 CENSUS)
County Population
Madison 186,540
Morgan 77 ,306
Lauderdale 68,111
Marshall 54,211
Cullman 52,445
Colbert 49,632
DeKa 1 b 41 ,981
Limestone 41 ,689
Jackson 39,202
Lawrence 27,281
Franklin 23,933
Marion 23,788
Winston 16,654
702,773
2-44
-------
A special air quality study, funded by an EPA grant, is currently
in progress in Huntsville. In addition to high volume samplers at various
sites, there are three locations where samples are being collected for
gaseous pollutants. One (#5) is at Governor's Drive and Memorial Parkway,
one of the highest traffic density intersections in the State. The samp-
ling site is on one of the small islands near the center of the intersec-
tion. One (#4) is in the hospital parking lot, near an intersection.
The third (#2) is in a small, light manufacturing area. Twenty-four hour
gaseous samples are collected approximately five times per month. Samples
for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric oxide are collected using
gas bubblers and analyzed by the West-Gaeke and Jacobs-Hochheiser methods,
respectively. Grab samples for carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbons
are collected in plastic bags and analyzed by gas chromatography. This is
a non-standard procedure so the data are not considered valid for the
purpose of regional classification.
A sulfur dioxide sample at site #4 on April 15, 1971, was analyzed
as 6,910 ~g/m3. The next highest value was 16 on May 30. Tampering is
suspected for the very high value, so it has been deleted from the reported
data.
EPA collected nitrogen dioxide samples during the summer of 1971
at three sampling sites.
The State has operated high volume samplers in Tuscumbia and Decatur
since 1967, in Florence since 1970, in Cullman since 1969, and in Guntersville
since January of 1971. At the present time, the State is operating three
high volume sampling stations in Decatur and five in Scottsboro. Sulfation
rate is measured at most of the State's high volume sampler locations in
this region.
2-45
-------
Highest regional particulate levels have been measured in Tuscumbia,
where the 1970-1971 geometric mean was 133 ~g/m3 and the highest of 32
3
samples was 354 ~g/m .
Sulfur dioxide one-hour maxima in excess of 1.5 ppm were reported
by TVA in the Widow's Creek area during 1970.
A summary of air quality data is presented in Appendix A.
2.7.2 Regional Classification
On the basis of measured air quality, the region is classified as
priority I for particulates (Tuscumbia) and priority I for sulfur dioxide
(Widow's Creek). The region is classified as priority III for nitrogen
dioxide, carbon monoxide and oxidants. (See Table 1-1 for justification.)
Minimum sampling equipment requirements for the Alabama portion of
this region, based on apportionment by population, are:
. Seven high volume samplers monitoring particulates,
each collecting one 24-hour sample every sixth day,
and three tape samplers collecting a sample every two
hours.
. Five bubblers monitoring sulfur dioxide and collecting
one 24-hour sample every sixth day in addition to two
continuous sulfur dioxide monitors.
2.7.3 Minimum Requirements
One high volume sampler will be operated atop the Alabama Highway
Division Office on the west side of Decatur, which is two to five miles
from four major chemical companies. Prevalent winds make this location a
site of maximum concentration in this community.
2-46
-------
One high volume sampler will continue to be operated at the Jackson
County Health Center at Scottsboro. Sources nearby include an aluminum
plant about five miles south of town, numerous textile companies, and
a large concrete plant northwest of town.
Russellville will have a high volume sampler operated on the lawn of
the North Alabama Hospital south of town, which is within 1/2 to 1 mile
of a secondary nonferrous smelting plant.
For this interstate region, a background site will be established
at Moulton. The best site for the high volume sampler is atop the one-story
Laurence County High School.
The high volume sampler at the Huntsville NASN station, at its current
location in the downtown-center city, will be continued.
In the Florence-Sheffield area, two high volume sampling stations
will be operated. One location will be top of the Lauderdale County Court
House in Florence. This sampler is currently operated on the lawn approxi-
mately five feet from the building, which strongly affects the sample
validity. The other high volume sampler in the Florence-Sheffield area should
be located in the Muscle Shoals industrial complex. A readily apparent
best site has not been located and will require a more detailed analysis
of the Muscle Shoals area. Until this site is located and secured, the
Tuscumbia sampler will be moved to the roof of Deshler High School from
the current location beside the Health Department building. The current
site is adversely affected by close proximity to the building.
Three tape samplers are required. They will be located with the
high volume samplers at Florence, Tuscumbia (or Muscle Shoals when the
sampler is moved) and Scottsboro.
The minimum requirements call for five sulfur dioxide bubblers.
Bubblers will be installed and operated at the same locations as the high
volume samplers at Decatur, Florence, and Tuscumbia (Muscle Shoals). A
2-47
-------
sulfur dioxide bubbler will be sited in Brilliant because of a large
coke operation there. A sulfur dioxide bubbler will be located at TVA
monitoring site #3-1 at Widow's Creek as a backup to the continuous moni-
tor. The two continuous sulfur dioxide monitors will be located at the
Florence sampling site and at Widow's Creek TVA site #3-1.
The regional episode stations are Widow's Creek (S02)' Florence
(particulate), and Tuscumbia (Muscle Shoals) (particulate and S02)'
2.7.4 Expanded Air ~uality Surveillance System
The expanded monitoring system for this region is that required
as the minimum to meet federal specificatiDns plus the data made available
by the Tennessee Valley Authority plus some nitrogen dioxide bubblers.
This combined information will adequately define the long-range air quality
in the Alabama portion of this region. Should any of the current sampling
stations of TVA be discontinued, the change and its effect upon the in-
formation available should be reevaluated. This does not preclude the
use of additional equipment to perform special studies or to augment or
verify the available data.
TVA operates nine high volume samplers
located near the Colbert Steam Plant are on
1.8 miles west of the steam plant entrance,
west on Gundeford Road at Alabama 20W.
in Alabama. The two samplers
the south side of U.S. 72,
and approximately 6.5 miles
Samplers located near the National Fertilizer Development Center
include one on the TVA reservation near the maintenance garage, one at
the TVA nursery, and one at Wilson Dam.
TVA high volume samplers located near Widow's Creek include one on
the right side of Johnson Street, 200 feet north of Alabama Street in
Bridgeport, one on McFarlane Farm on County Road, 1.3 miles west of
Reece Ferry, near Bridgeport, and one located 2.5 miles southeast of the
generating station.
2-48
-------
One TVA high volume sampler
junction of up~tate Route 79 and
north of Skyline.
is located near Hytop, Alabama at the
a gravel road to Route 6, three miles
Nitrogen dioxide bubblers will be operated in Huntsville, Florence,
Tuscumbia (Muscle Shoals) and at Moulton to establish the regional levels
of this pollutant.
Sampling locations and equipment requirements for both the minimum
and expanded air quality surveillance systems are summarized in Table
2-14.
2-49
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Table 2-14.
REGION 007 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Minimum Federal Requirements
Expanded Air Quality Network
Location Instrument Pollutant Instrument Location
Florence HiVol(s) Particulate
Tuscumbia *
Decatur Recommended network is that
Scottsboro to meet the minimum federal
(Health Dept.) requirement plus the data
Russe 11 vi 11 e available from the equipment
Huntsville (NASN) operated by the Tennessee
Moulton (Back- Valley Authority which includes
N ground) the following:
I
<.n Florence Tape Particulate
a
Tuscumbia * 3 * - High Volume Samplers - NFDC
Scottsboro 2 - High Volume Samplers - Colbert
Deca tur Bubblers ~ 3 - High Volume Samplers - Wi dow 's Creek
Florence 1 - High Volume Sampler - HYTOP
Tuscumbia 6 - Conductimetric S02 Monitors -
Wi dow' s Creek
Bri 11 i ant 1
- Conductimetric S02 Moniters - Colbert
Widow's Creek
Site #3-1 1 - Climet Wind System - Colbert
Tuscumbia Continuous ~ 2 - Anemographs - Widow.s Creek
Widow's Creek #3-1 * 2 - Hygro Thermograph - Widow's Creek
Plus bubblers for N02
-------
Table 2-14.
Minimum Federal Requirements
Location
Instrument
N
I
()'1
......
Minimum Federal Requirements
Equipment Summary
7-HiVol(s)
3-Tape samplers
5-Bubblers (S02)
2-Cont. S02
* Area of estimated maximum concentration
Episode monitoring station
(continued)
Po 11 uta nt
~
Instrument
Expanded Air Quality Network
Location
Bubbler
Expanded Air Quality Network
Equipment Surrmary
l6-HiVol(s)
3-Tape Samplers
5-Bubblers (S02)
2-Continuous S02
4-N02 Bubblers
7-Conductimetric S02
l-Climet Wind System
2-Anemograph
2-Hygro Thermograph
Florence
Tuscumbia
Huntsvi lle
Moulton
-------
3.0 SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Sample collection and analytical procedures for suspended particulate
by high volume sampler, S02 by the bubbler method, N02 by the bubbler
method, CO by nondispersive infrared spectrometry and photochemical
oxidants corrected for interferences due to nitrogen oxides and sulfur
oxides are described in detail in the April 30, 1971, Federal Register,
Part II, National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards
Performance specifications for continuous instruments measuring sulfur
dioxide, carbon monoxide and photochemical oxidant (corrected for N02 and
S02) are stated in paragraph 420.17 of the August 14, 1971, Federal Register,
These specifications will be used when new continuous instruments for
these pollutants are purchased.
At the present time, there is no standard procedure for the design,
operation and analysis of tape samplers. About three manufacturers sell
package instruments, and they are similar in design and operation. The
instrument design which includes a built-in spot evaluator (a light source,
photocell and recorder) will be used in the State of Alabama so that there
will be no time lag in acquiring data during any air pollution emergency
episode stage.
Procedures for selecting sampling site locations are defined in EPA
Publication No. AP-98, "Guidelines: Air Quality Surveillance Networks.1I
One section of this publication refers to site selection guidelines:
1.
Uniformity in height above ground level is
for the entire network within the region.
may include canyons, high-rise apartments,
special-purpose samplers.
Constraints to airflow from any direction should be avoided
by placing inlet probes at least 3 meters from buildings
or other obstructions. Inlet probes should be placed to
avoid influence of convection currents.
desirable
Some exceptions
and sites for
2.
3.
The surrounding area'should be free from stacks, chimneys,
or other local emission points.
3-1
-------
4.
An elevation of 3 to 6 meters is suggested as
the most suitable for representative sampling,
especially in residential areas. Placement
above 3 meters prevents most reintrainment of
particulates, as well as the direct influence
of automobile exhaust.
The SAROAO system for numerical identification of pollutant sampled,
type of instrument, etc., will be the standard reporting format.
High volume samplers and bubblers will be operated on a midnight-
to-midnight schedule. Seven day timers will be used to facilitate the
operation of these instruments, so the sample changing can be conveniently
accomplished by county sanitarians, fire department personnel, or other
reliable persons who will operate the equipment.
High volume filtp.rs are analyzed for gross weight and, at the state
lab and in Mobile, for sulfate, nitrate and benzene soluble fractions.
The analyses for sulfate and nitrate fractions will be discontinued until
such time as research studies show that the resulting data are of specific
value to state and local programs. The filters from NASN high volume
samplers are analyzed for many individual components, and these results
will provide long-term trend information.
It will be of value to continue some analyses for the benzene-soluble
/
fraction of suspended particulates, especially in Mobile. Since any analy-
tical determination beyond total suspended particulate is outside the
minimum federal requirements, the level of work performed will be based on
available resources and manpower.
The state will provide calibration services for all instruments which
are beyond the scope of local agencies' resources. For continuous sulfur
dioxide analyzers, a portable dilution system utilizing permeation tubes
will be used. For continuous oxidant analyzers, the procedure is des-
cribed in the April 30, 1971, Federal Register defining ambient air quality
standards. For carbon monoxide, each instrument will have a supply of zero
air and span gas for routine calibration checks. High volume samplers and
tape samplers must be checked to verify their air flow rate on at least a
twice-yearly basis. The air flow rate of bubblers should be checked before
and after every sample.
3-2
-------
4.0 DATA HANDLING
The office of the state air pollution program in Montgomery will
be the repository for all air quality data from the state. In those
instances where local programs collect, analyze and report their own
data, the information will be sent to Montgomery for transmittal to EPA
in conformity with the reporting requirements of Paragraph 420.7 of the
August 14, 1971, Federal Register.
High volume samplers represent the largest number of sampling units
which will be used in the state. Each sampler will be operated on a
schedule such that one 24-hour, midnight-to-midnight sample is collected
every sixth day. All samplers will operate on the same schedule. The
parameters to be determined for each sampling site are:
For Hi-Vols
These values are to be
most recent quarters.
geometric mean
geometric standard deviation
maximum 24-hour value
number of samples
reported on an annual basis, updated to the four
Sulfur dioxide bubblers should be operated on the same sampling
schedule as the high volume samplers. Nitrogen dioxide bubblers can be
operated either on this schedule or on a schedule where one 24-hour midnight-
to-midnight sample is collected every fourteenth day. The state may publish
a uniform schedule for all samplers operating within the state, or the
NASN schedule could be used.
For statistical processing of data, artificial values of 3~g/m3 will
be substituted for zero sulfur dioxide readings, and 10~g/m3 will be
substituted for zero nitrogen dioxide readings. These values, representing a
best estimate of background values, will be used unless graphical techniques
are utilized to determine geometric standard deviations.
Following are the parameters to be reported for bubblers:
4-1
-------
For S02 and N02
ari thmeti c mean
geometric standard deviation
maximum 24-hour value
number of samples
These values are to be reported on an annual basis, updated to the four
most recent quarters.
Tape sample data will be reported on the basis of annual (most recent
four quarters) arithmetic average, and maximum 2-hour value.
Data from continuous gas samplers will be acquired on magnetic tape
cartiridges, e.g., the Westinghouse system, and sent to the state for
data processing. This can either be accomplished using in-house computer
facilities or by contract. Data will be processed to determine:
For CO
arithmetic average
geometric standard deviation
maximum 24-hour value
maximum 8-hour value
maximum l-hour value
frequency distribution
For Oxidants
geometric standard deviation
maximum l-hour value
frequency distribution
For S02
arithmetic average
geometric standard deviation
maximum 24-hour value
maximum l-hour value
frequency distribution
4-2
-------
For Non-Methane Hydrocarbons
aritmetic average
geometric standard deviation
maximum 3-hour value
maximum l-hour value
maximum 6 a.m.-9.a.m. value
Caution is noted concerning the statistical treatment of air quality
data from the State of Alabama. Much of the literature describing the
~ocedures for statistical treatment of air quality data refers to the log
normal characteristics of frequency distribution curves for most pollutants.
This is generally valid in situations where the air pollution monitor is
located in a heavily urbanized area where many sources of the pollutant
of interest surround the monitoring station. This will not be the case
in many of the smaller urban and rural areas where air samples will be
taken in the State of Alabama. Although it is beyond the minimum federal
requirements, it will be of value for interpretation of air quality data
if the frequency distribution is reported.
4-3
-------
5.0 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM EQUIPMENT ACQUISITION
Within the State of Alabama the following air pollution monotoring
equipment that meets Federal specifications was either previously purchased
or is currently on order: (See Table 5-1 for list of available approved
equipment)
86 - High Volume Samplers
11 - Tape Samplers
2 - Cou10metric S02 Analyzers
1 - CO Analyzer NDIR
2 - Colorimetric Continuous Oxidant Analyzers
19 - Bubblers
This equipment is owned or on order by one of the following Monitoring
Opera ti ons:
State of Alabama
Tennessee Valley Authority
National Air Sampling Network
Mobile County Board of Health
Jefferson County Board of Health
Equipment which does not meet Federal specifications but is available
, is as fo 11 ows :
The State of Alabama
Wli ch is not i nc 1 uded wi th
Federal requirements.
This equipment consists of EPA owned trailers in use at Mobile and
Birmingham. They contain:
1 - Colorimetric Continuous N02
7 - Conductimetric S02 Monitors
1 - Total hydrocarbon, flame ionization
is using equipment that is on loan from EPA,
the equipment available to meet the minimum
2 - Colorimetric Continuous N02
2 - Colorimetric Continuous NOx
2- Cou10metric Continuous S02
2 - CO Analyzers, NDIR
5-1
-------
Tao1e 5-1. AVAILABLE APPROVED EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
-
STATE OF
ALABAMA
OWNER
JEFFERSON
COUNTY
MOBILE
COUNTY
NASN
TVA
TOTAL
High Volume 57 10 6 4 9 86
Tape 6 5 2 13
01 Continuous S02 2 2
I
N
Continuous CO 1 1
Continuous Ox 1 1 2
Bubblers (S02 and/or N02) 6 10 2 3 21
-------
2 - Total hydrocarbon - flame
2 - High Volume Samplers
2 - Wind Speed and Direction
2 - Tape Samplers
ionization
Episode Stations, Minimum Requirements
As episode instrumentation will be operational within one year after
EPA approved of the Implementation Plan, available equipment is first
allocated to this use.
The list of the Episode Monitoring Stations minimum requirements is
shown in Table 5-2. The necessary equipment is summarized below and
detailed in Table 5-3.
10 - High Volume Samplers
10 - Tape Samplers
4 - Continuous S02
5 - Continuous CO
4 - Continuous Ox
When the required equipment is compared to the available equipment,
Table 5-4, it is established that the State of Alabama must purchase
the following equipment to meet the minimum standards for episode monitoring.
1 - Tape Sampler
1 - Mag Tape Single Cabinet - 3 Signal
2 - CO Continuous Monitors
2 - Recorders for CO Monitors
2 - Ox Continuous Monitors
2 - Recorders for Ox Monitors
2 - S02 Continuous Monitors
2 - Recorders for S02 Monitors
3 - Mag Tape Single Cabinet - Single Signal
5 - Mag Tape Single Cabinet - Single Signal
0-5 volts
0-1 volts
The total cost of this equipment is approximately $38,128.00.
10% allowance for spare parts and servicing equipment the total is
approximately $41,950.00.
With a
5-3
-------
TABLE 5-2. EPISODE MONITORING STATIONS: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
Region
001 None
002 Montgomery: Fire Station #5 SP
003 Chi 1 dersburg SP
Gadsden 0440 SP
004 North Birmingham S P, CO , OX
Birmingham - Downtown SP, CO, OX
Fairfield City Hall S P, CO , OX
005 Mobil e: WKRG Transmitter SP, OX
Mobil e: NASN SP
Salco S02
006 None
007 Widow's Creek: TVA #3 SO
2
Tuscumbia SP, 502
Florence 5P
Key: SP
= suspended particulates (high volume and tape)
S02 = sulfur dioxide (continuous)
CO = carbon monoxide (continuous)
OX
= oxidant (continuous)
5-4
-------
Table 5-3. MINIMUM REQUIRED EPISODE
STATION EQUIPMENT
REGION
EQUIPMENT
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
TOTAL
Hi Vol 1 2 3 2 2 10
Tape'" 1 2 3 2 2 10
(J"1 Continuous S02 2 4
I
(J"1
Continuous CO 3 3
Continuous Ox 3 1 4
-------
EQUIPr!ENT
EQUIPMENT TO BE TOT.~.!..
t4INIMUM AVAILABLE PURCHI>.SED ITH1 ~mi!TC~
i\EGION ~OCATION EQUIP~iENT (SOURCE) $ COST $ COST
001 None
002 Montgomery 1 - Hi Vol 1 - Hi Vol (State)
Fire Station #5 1 - Tape 1 - Tape (State)
003 Childersburg 1 - Hi Vol 1 - Hi Vol (State)
1 - Tape 1 - Tape (State)
Gadsden 0440 1 - Hi Vol 1 - Hi Vol (State
U1 1 - Tape 1 - Tape (State)
r
0"
004 Binningham
N. Bi nningham 1 - Hi Vol 1 - Hi Vol (Jefferson Co)
1 - Tape 1 - Tape (Jefferson Co)
1 - CO Continuous 1 - CO Continuous (Jefferson Co) 11-3 Channel
1 - Ox Continuous 1 - Ox Continuous (Jefferson Co) Mag Tape 2150.00 2150.00
1 - S02 Continuous 1 - S02 Continuous (State) for CO, Ox, S02
Continuous
Downtown 1 - Hi Vol 1 - Hi Vol (Jefferson Co} Monitoring
1 - Tape 1 - Tape (Jefferson Co)
Tab 1 e 5- 4 .
EPISODE STATION EQUIPMENT -
REQUIRED VS. AVAILABLE
-------
EQlJI PMEI.:r
EQUIPt~EN1 10 BE T'j-:- ;,.'-
MINIMUr~ AVAILABLE PURCHASF[) IT Ei., il,GidT C;
I\EG I C~~ LOCATION EQUIPMENT (SOURCE) $ CGST $ cas,
004 Bi nningham 1 - CO Continuous 1 - CO Continuous 3500.00
(Cont) Downtown (Cont) 1 - Recorder : 1000.00
1 - Mag Tape Single Channel 736.00 5236.00
1 - Ox Continuous 1 - Ox Continuous 4000.00
1 - Recorder 1000.00
1 - Mag Tape Single Channel 826.00 5826.00
lTI Fairfield City Hall 1 - Hi Vol 1 - Hi Vol (Jefferson Co.)
I
-...J 1 - Tape 1 - Tape (Jefferson Co.)
1 - CO Continuous 1 - CO Conti nuous 3500.00
1 - Recorder 1000.00
1 - Mag Tape Single Channel 736.00 5236.00
1 - Ox Continuous 1 - Ox Continuous 4000.00
1 - Recorder 1000.00
1 - Mag Tape Si ngle Channel 826.00 5826 . 00
005 Mobile
WKRG Transmitter 1 - Hi Vol 1 - Hi Vol (Mobile)
1 - Tape 1 - Tape (Mobile)
Table 5-4 .
(continued)
-------
EQUIPNENT
rmUMUM AVAILABLE
R:GION LOCATION EQUIPMENT (SOURCE)
005 Mobile
(Cont) WKRG Transmitter (Cont) 1 - Ox Continuous 1 - Ox Continuous (State)
NASN 1 - Hi Vol 1 - Hi Vol (NASN)
1 - Tape 1 - Tape (Mobile)
Salco 1 - S02 Continuous 1 - S02 Continuous (State)
006 None
U'1 007
I
(X)
EQU I Pf'IENT
TO BE
PURCHASED
1W.'
S COST
! - 1.-.-
,'r.> - """.-
1'._1, J. . ~ .~.
S CCST
Widow's Creek TVA #3
1 - S02 Continuous
Fl orence
1 - Hi Vol
1 - Tape
1 - Hi Vol (State)
1 - Tape (State)
Table 5-4 .
(continued)
1 - Mag Tape Single Channel
1 - Mag Tape Single Channel
1 - S02 Continuous
1 - Recorder
1 - Mag Tape Single Channel
826.00
736.00
4500.00
1000.00
736.00
826.00
736.00
6236.00
-------
;\:::;1011
LOCATION
IHNIMUM
EQUIPMENT
EQU I PI1ENT
AVAILABLE
(SOURCE)
EQUIPM::ilT
TO BE
P~RCHASED
ITEi.:
S (CST
I -' I r:...
:.':':r~..::?
: .:O~ T
007
(Cant).
l.T1
I
\0
Tuscumbia (Muscle Shoals)
1 - Hi Vol
1 - Tape
1 - S02 Continuous
1 - Hi Vol (State)
1 - Tape (State)
Table 5-4 .
1 - S02 Continuous
1 - Recorder
1 - Mag Tape Single Channel
TOTAL
(continued)
4500.00
1000.00
736.00
6236.00
38,128.00
-------
In some instances the physical limitations of the sampling site may
require the construction of shelters. These costs, if necessary, will
be in addition to the $41,950.00 basic equipment cost.
Balance of Minimum Requirements System
The non-episode surveillance equipment defined by the minimum federal
requirements will be operational within two years after approval of the
Implementation Plan by EPA. The complete air quality surveillance equip-
ment requirements are shown in Table 5-5. The episode requirements are
included in this table, so the balance of the minimum requirements are:
27 - High Volume Samplers
6 - Tape Samplers
15 - S02 Bubblers
Comparing the available equipment with the minimum requirement, after
consideration of the episode requirements which take first priority, the
purchase requirements to complete the minimum system are:
5 Tape Samplers @ $850 $4,250
3 Bubblers
@ $435
1 , 30 5
$5,555
With a 10% allowance for spare parts and servicing equipment, the total is
approximately $6,120.00.
Expanded System
As resources allow the expansion of the air quality surveillance
system, certain instrumentation described in Section 2 may be acquired
(Tab 1 e 5-6) . To meet these needs, whi ch are over and above the mi nimum
requirements, required instruments are:
5-10
-------
TABLE 5..5.
MINIMUM EQUIPMENT SUMMARY (TOTAL)
Sampl i ng Regi on Regi on Region Regi on Region Region Regi on
Equipment 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 Tota 1
High Volume 3 5 6 10 4 3 7 38
Tape 2 2 5 2 3 16
Continuous S02 2 4
S02 Bubbler 3 3 5 15
U"1
I
--'
--'
Continuous CO 3 3
Continuous Oxidant 3 4
"
-------
TABLE. 5-6.
EXPANDED EQUIPMENT SUMMARY (TOTAL)
Sampling Regi on Regi on Region Regi on Region Region Regi on
Equipment 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 Total
High Volume 6 8 11 21 18 5 16 85
Tape 2 2 5 2 3 16
Continuous S02 2 4
U"I
I S02 Bubbler 2 2 2 4 3 5 19
-'
N
N02 Bubbler 2 6 9 4 23
Continuous CO 3 4
Continuous Oxidant 3 2 5
Continuous Hydrocarbon
Wind Speed &
Direction
-------
48 - High Volume Samplers
10 - Bubblers
1 - Continuous CO
1 - Continuous Ox
1 - Continuous Non-methane Hydrocarbon
1 - Wind Speed and Direction
The last four items would be used in Mobile and are discussed in
Section 2.5.
With allowances for available equipment, the purchase requirements
to implement the expanded air quality surveillance network are:
10 - Bubblers @ $435 = $4,530
1 - Continuous CO $3500
Recorder $1000
Mag Tape 736
$5,236
1 - Continuous Ox $4000
Recorder 1000
Mag Tape 826
$5,826
1 - Continuous HC $6000
Recorder 1000
Mag Tape 736
$7,736
1 - Wind Speed and
Direction, With
Recorder and
Mag Tape
$2,600
$25,928
With a 10% allowance for spare parts and servicing equipment, the
total becomes $28,500.
5-13
-------
Summary
Utilizing all available equipment where appropriate, the estimated
cost of the equipment for the air quality surveillance network is:
Episode Requirement (one year)
Balance of Minimum (two years)
Expanded (no time requirement)
$41~950
6,120
28,500
$76,570
The equipment acquisition schedule will be nearly the same for all
50 states. Continuous instrument delivery is estimated at 120 - 180
days, and it normally takes at least 30 days of operation to bring a
new instrument to smooth operation. The schedule for instrument
acquisition calls for issuance of a purchase order no less than seven
months prior to the time at which useful data is to be available from
that instrument.
5-14
-------
»
1
--'
SAMPLING ANNUAL P.NNUAL I GEO.
INTERVAL START END NO. 1 HR 8 HR 24 HR ARITH GEO. STD.
REGION POLLUTANT LOCATION SOURCE (MONTHS) DATE DATE SPLS. MAX MAX ~IAX MEAN MEMj 0""
~. .
001 TSP Selma State 12 06/18/69 06/11/10 46 99 46 1.44
).Ig/m3 State 12 06/19/70 06/22/71 37 99 45 1.56
Demopo 11 5 State 11 06/19/69 05/06/70 26 161 55 I 1.47
State 4 02/18/71 06/22/71 5 109 69 I 1.57
Evergreen State 6 01/19/71 06/22/71 11 115 35 I 1.63
Grove Hi 11 State 5 02/03/71 06/2.2/71 10 124 49 1.69
002 TSP Phenix City State 12 06/18/69 06/11/70 31 144 67 1.41
).19/1113 State 12 06/19/70 06/22/71 32 163 I 62 1.48
Troy State 6 01/04/71 06/22/71 12 104 68 1.39
MontgQllll!ry :
Lab State 5 02/03/71 06/22/71 10 194 87 1.73
'5 State 5 02/03/71 06/02/11 10 252 117 1.52
'11 State 5 02/03/71 06/02/71 7 140 63 1.55
Trenholm State 5 02/03/71 06/02/71 9 100 63 1.62
Patterson State 5 02/03/11 06/02/71 6 80 49 1.59
Montgomery NASN 12 /59 /59 25 165 82 1.40
12 161 /61 26 157 67 1.48
12 /63 /63 26 163 76 1.63
APPENDIX A - AIR QUALITY DATA SUMMARY
-------
::"J
I
N
SAMPLING ANNUAL ANNUAL GEO.
~IHTERV~~ START END NO. 1 HR 8 HR .24 HR ARITH 6EO. STD.
REGION POLLUTANT LOCATION SOURCE MONTHS . DATE. DATE SPLS; MAX MAX MAX MEAN fJEAN DU.
OOZ TSP 3 Montgomery HASH 12 /65 /65 25 174 79 1.49
(Cont) \lg/m 12 /67 /67 26 137 . 70: 1.47
(Cont)
12 /68 /68 26 152 76. 1.52
12 /69 /69 26 150 75 1.67
12 01/02/70 12/14/70 25 256 80 1.70
S02 Montgomery NASN 12 01/04/69 12/14/69 26 24 10 1.71
jlg/m3 NASN 12 01/02/70 12/14/70 22 20 6 1. 99
NOZ Montgomery NASN 1Z 01/04/69 1Z/14/69 24 94 30 1.77
jlg/m3 NASN 1Z 01/02/70 1Z/14/70 Z5 144 43 1.97
003 TSP Gadsden NASN 12 /64 /64 26 161 85 ' 1.53
jlg/m3 NASN 12 /66 /66 26 278 67 I 1.68
NASN 12 /68 /68 25 398 80 1.88
NASH 12 /69 /69 26 126 60 1.50
NASN 12 01/02/70 12/14/70 26 117 71 1. 70
Gads. 0440 State 5 02/18/71 06/22/71 9 268 106 1.92
Gads. 0441 State 5 02/18/71 06/22/71 9 275 132 I 2.07
Anniston State 12 06/19/69 06/03/70 46 137 69 1.49
State 12 06/19/70 06/22/71 38 333 53 1.89
I
,
APPENDIX A
(continued)
-------
:x:-
I
<...'
SAl4PLING I I ANNUAL ArHWAL I G~O.
INTERV~~ START EliC) NO. 1 P.R 8 HR 24 HR AR ITH GEO. i STD.
REGION POLLUTANT LOCATION SOURCE (MONTHS DATE. DATE SPLS. MAX MAX MAX 1-1EAN MEAN OEV.
003 TSP 3 Sy1 acauga State 6 01/04/71 06/22/71 12 I 164 I 74 ! 1.58
(Cont) \.Ig/m j
(Cant) I i
Ta11adega State 6 01/04/71 06/22/71 11 353 I 83. I 2.98
004 TSP Binningham NASN 12 /57 /57 285 117 1.59
\.Ig/m3 NASN 12 /59 /59 449 125 1. 95
NASN 12 /60 /60 400 122 1.86
NASN 12 /61 /61 306 113 1. 75
NASN 12 /62 /62 246 126 1.60
NASN 12 /63 /63 505 129 1. 71
NASN 12 /64 /64 358 101 I 1.60
NASN 12 /65 /65 528 144 i 1.84
I
NASN 12 /66 /66 329 128 I 1.59
NASN 12 01/02/70 12/14/70 22 629 I I 155 I 1.59
N. Bi nningham Jeff. 12 06/65 06/66 141 I 281 . I
Jeff. 12 06/66 06/67 155 244 I
. . I
Jeff. 12 06/02/70 OS/28/71 57 79Q 237 1.62
I
Bessemer Jeff. 12 06/65 06/66 127 176 I
Jeff. 12 06/66 06/67 181 199 ,
Jeff. 10 18/05/70 OS/28/71 44 280 I ' 131 I 1.46
West End Jeff. 12 06/65 06/65 145 124 I
I
Jeff. 12 06/66 06/67 192 167
..
Jeff. 10 18/05/70 OS/28/71 43 268 117 1.66
I I
APPENDIX A
(continued)
-------
):0
I
~
I SA;.!?LING I AN~lAL t.~'jjUAL 6EO.
INTERV~~ START END NO. 1 HR 8 HR 24 HR ARITH 6EO. 51D.
REGION POLLUT A.'H LOCATION SOURCE (MONTHS DATE DATE SPLS; MAX 14AX MAX MEAN MEAN DEV.
;
004 TSP 3 Woodlawn Jeff. 12 06/65 06/66 126 139
(Cant) IJg/m Jeff. 12 06/66 06/67 182 149
(cant.)
Jeff. 06/02/70 OS/28/71 59 511 133 1.62
! 53 I
Mt. Brook Jeff. 12 06/02/70 OS/28/71 56 140 1.56
Tarrant Ci ty Jeff. 12 06/65 06/66 128 219
Jeff. 12 06/66 06/67 183 I 200
,
116 I
I ronda 1 e .Jeff. 12 06/65 06/66 152 I
Jeff. 12 06/66 06/67 196 122 I
EPA Tra iler EPA 12 06/19/70 05/31/71 I 607 I
275 170! 1.63
I
Leeds 0660 State 6 01/09/71 06/22/71 9 434 162 I 1.93
Leeds 0661 State 6 01/09/71 06/22/71 9 251 70 2.29
Tuscaloosa - A State 10 08/08/69 06/03/70 34 219 79 I 1.81
State 11 07/08/70 05/14/71 24 170 77 1.45
I
Tuscaloosa - B State 5 01/04/71 05/14/71 10 121 69 I 1.48
I 102 I
Ragland State 9 07/15/69 04/10/70 21 250 1.87
State 4 08/20/70 12/02/70 12 301 86' 1.84
I I
APPENDIX A
(continued)
-------
:x:-
I
U"I
SAMPLING N::IUAL ,,"r'J'1 I G~~
",..' r.- ~~\.i.
INTERVAL START EriD NO. 1 HR 8 HR 24 HR .t,RITH G~Q. I $I~.
REGIC'I POLLUTANT LOCATION SOURCE (MONTHS) DATE DATE SPLS. MAX ~IAX MAX ~'E;'N r.:£lIi; : CE;'.
,
004 TSP Pell Ci ty State 12 06/19/70 06/22/71 I 35 191 61 I 1.63
(Cant) (lJg/m3)
(cant.) I
Oneonta State 12 06/19/70 06/22/71 20 91 47 ' 1.47
!
I ! I I r
Jasper Sta te 12 06/19/70 06/22171 35 243 I 92 I 1.53
! I I '
Columbiana State 6 01/04/71 06/22/71 9 150 74 J 1.94
!
I '
I ;
S02 8i rmi ngham NASN 12 01/04/69 12/14/69 23 76 17 I 2.23
\lg/m3 NASN 12 01/02/70 12/14/70 22 23 \ 9 I 2.22
,
I
EPA Trailer EPA 7 05/70 12/70 Cantin. 194 ' :
;
1st Av N&14th ;
002 BinRingham NASN 12 01/04/69 12/14/69 22 319 175 I ! 1. 56
;
\lg/m3 NASN 12 01/20/70 12/14/70 22 447 ~10 I 2.34
; !
EPA Trailer EPA 10 05170 03/71 Cantin. 158 75 i
1st Av N&14th I
CO EPA Trai ler EPA J 04/71 07171 Contino 37 16 I ' I
3 1st Av N&14th
mg/m I
Oxi dants EPA Trailer EPA 10 05/70 04/71 Contino 250 i
3 1st Av N&14th I
I '
IJg/m , I i
, t
, '
I I I i
I I i
I I i
I I
I I
I
APPENDIX A
(continued)
-------
REGION
005
):::>
I
0'\
POLLUT ANT
TSP
3
\lg/m
LOCATION
Mobile
Centra 1 Fi re
Station
PoHce Bldg.
State Docks
SOURCE
NASN
NASN
NASN
NASN
NASN
NASN
NASN
NASN
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
Mob.
SAMPLING
!~TERVAL
(MONTHS)
START
DATE
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
7
10
12
12
9
7
10
12
12
10
/58
/60
/62
/64
/66
/68
/69
01/13/70
/66
/67
/68
01/07/69
02/18/70
/66
/67
/68
01/07/69
01/18/70
7
10
12
11
9
/66
/67
/68
01/07/69
02/18/70
APPENDIX A
I
EN~
Dr~.T E
/58
/60
/62
/64
/66
/68
/69
12/14/70
/66
/67
/68
12/29/69
11/20/70
/66
/67
/68
12/29/69
11/10/70
/66
/67
/68
11 /21 /69
11/20/70
(continued)
NO.
SPLS.
23
28
40
41
36
28
30
37
41
34
25
30
39
47
31
24
1 HR
MAX
8 HR
MAX
24 HR
MAX
485
284
247
387
442
298
296
208
312
316
420
288
296
235
240
239
272
376
317
536
444
249
361
A."INUAL I Ar;:UAL I ~::a.
ARlTH I GEO. :: -:-:"
MEAN ~EA~! D~v.
I
I 1.91
! 1.89
! 1.83
! 1.85
,
I 1.66
I
I 1.57
I 1.51
! 1.52
150
108
92
90
! 116
I 129
I' ~~~
114 i
I 115
134 I
I '
I 145 ! 1.55
I 130 i 1.65
92 .
I
87 I
. i
108 I
92 i 1. 73
130 . 1. 77
110 I
170 i
I
201 I
120 1.67
141 i 1.73
,
I
I
1
-------
:x:-
I
'-I
I I I I ANNUAL ~
I SAMPLING h;:::V,!.L i GEC;.
POLLUTANT I INTERV~~ START END NO. . 1 HR 8 HR 24 HR ARlTH I GEO. : STC.
REGION LOCATION SOURCE (MONTHS DATE DATE SPLS. MAX MAX t-1AX I~EAt; ' i'~~hN I ~".,
Jt '..
005 TSP 3 Gen Bu 11 a rd/ Mob. 7 /66 /66 31 109 42 I
(Cont) \Jg/m Airport Blvd. Mob. 10 /67 /67 43 172 47
(cont.)
Mob. 12 /68 /68 42 132 53 i
j
Mob. 12 01/07/69 12/18/69 34 188 46 ! 1.81
,
Mob. 10 03/18/70 11/30/70 32 132 I 35 I 1.90
I
i
Sara land Mob. 10 /67 /67 41 144 51
Mob. 12 /68 /68 45 129 54
Mob. 12 01/07/69 12/29/69 I 34 161 I 53 i 1.74
Mob. 10 I 02/18/70 11 /30/70 29 137 56 ! 1.84
I I i
I
Bay Minette MoiL 5 06/28/69 12/18/69 23 106 58 i 1. 52
I !
i
Robertsdale Mob. 5 07/01/69 12/07/69 22 77 39 I 1.36
I
A tmore Mob. 6 06/28/69 12/18/69 24 174 '74 1.59
Fairhope Mob. 5 07/01/69 12/18/69 22 157 I 65 I 1.57
! \ I
Flomaton Mob. 6 06/28/69 12/18/69 22 170 I 56 I 1.59
I
I I
I I
Foley Mob. 6 07/07/69 12/18/69 22 105 63 ! 1.36
I I
I
I i
t
i
I
I j
APPENDIX A
(continued)
-------
»
I
CD
I I SA1~PLlNG AN:''UAL ''''WAL I "-0
I hltl I"':'.
INTERV~~ START END NO. 1 HR 8 HR 24 HR ARITH GEO. . ST!).
REGION POLLUl ".in i L(,CAT ION SOURCE (MONTHS DATE DATE .SPLS. MAX MAX ~:A:< ~'EAN MEAN 1 DE".
005 TSP 3 I Brewton State 11 06/18/69 05/07/70 33 108 50 I 1.48
Cont) ~9/m State 6 01/02/71 06/22/71 16 100 51 1.69
(cont.) I I
502 I Mobile
NASN 12 01/04/69 12/14/69 24 100 15 1.86
~g/m3 NASN 12 01/02/70 12/14/70 25 30 8 2.64
Approx.
Salco State 4 06/71 10/71 contino 1,400
N02 Mobile NASN 12 01/04/69 12/14/69 23 147 47 1. 78
\.Ig/m3 NASN 12 01/13/70 12/14/70 24 147 71 I 1.77
CO Mobile EPA 1 05/07/71 05/31/71 contino 6
3
mg/m
Oxidants Mobile NASN 12 01/04/69 12/14/69 23 46 15
\.Ig/m3
"-,bi le EPA 1 05/17/71 06/28/71 contino >200
006 TSP I I
\.Ig/m3 Dothan State 10 08/19/69 06/11/70 38 .225 80' I 1.51
State 12 06/19/70 06/22/71 39 202 I 76 1.66
Clanton State 5 02/18/71 06/22/71 9 99 51 1.66
;
I
APPENDIX A
(continued)
-------
):>
I .
\D
I SAMPLING A~:.~~~'hL AWIUAL i G~C.
! ~~TERVAL START END NO. 1 HR 8 HR 24 HR ARITH GEO. STJ.
REGION POLLUTANT LOCATION SOURCE MONTHS} DATE DATE SPLS. MAX MAX MAX MEAN ~1EAN i D~',.
007 TSP Tuscumbia State 11 06/18/69 05/15/70 37 588 133 1.54
\Jg/m3 State 12 07/08/70 06/22/71 32 354 131 1.54
F1 orence State 10 08/19/69 06/11/70 35 325 92 1.77
State 12 06/19/70 06/22/71 39 217 100 I 1.48
I
I Huntsville /63 /63 25 166 72 i 1.61
NASN 12 I
12 /65 /65 26 155 I I 83 1.49
12 /67 /67 26 i 127 62 ! 1.57
I
12 /68 /68 26 132 ' 60 I 1.44
i I I
12 /69 /69 26 133, 58 1.56
12 01/02/70 12/14/70 26 117 61 . I 1. 55
I
I
Cullman State 12 06/26/69 06/11/70 47 190 I 70 I 1.60
11 06/19/71 OS/24/71 35 255 78 I 1.86
Decatur State 12 06/18/69 06/12/70 41 155 73 1.58
7 01/04/71 07/02/71 126 330 76 I 1.59
I I I
Scottsboro : State 11 06/18/69 OS/26/70 46 405 135 1.50
Heal th DeparL 12 ,07/08/70 06/22/71 37 244 125 1.58
Scottsboro Wate 'Works 12 07/08/70 06/22/71 37 ' 284 60 Z.05
I I I I
" Radio Stat on 6 01/04/71 i 06/22/71 12 138 I I 67 1.59
II Ho1 iday In 6 01/04/71 06/22/71 11 272 93 I 2.11
II Bridgeport 6 01/04/71 06/22171 11 111 i 6B I 1.58
I Ft. "yoo 6 01/04/71 06/22/71 12 105 60 I 1.54
I I I
APPENDIX A
(conti nued)
-------
):>
I
--'
o
SAMPLING ANNUAL ANNUAL GEO.
~~TERV~~ START END NO. 1 HR 8 HR 24 HR ARITH GEO. STD.
REGION POLLUTANT LOCATION SOURCE I«>NTHS DATE DATE SPLS. MAX MAX MAX MEAN MEAN DEV.
007 TSP 3 Colbert #1 TVA 12 01/01/70 12/29/70 131 197 52 1. 73
\.I9/m
(Cant)
Colbert #2 TVA 12 01/01/70 12/29/70 130 335 69 1.99
OACD #391 TVA 12 01/01/70 12/31/70 170 181 69 1.65
OACD #392 TVA 12 01/01/70 12/31/70 172 301 69 1.63
OACD #393 TVA 12 01/01/70 12/31/70 162 172 64 1. 55
Hytop TVA 12 01/03/70 12/29/70 104 293 58 1.83
Widow's Creek TVA 12 01/01/70 12/29/70 127 362 125 1. 73
#1-2
Widow's Creek TVA 12 01/01/70 12/29/70 128 417 87 1.89
#3-1
Widow's Creek TVA 12 01/01/70 12/29/70 131 471 148 1.68
#4
S02 Colbert #1 TVA 12 01/01/70 12/31/70 Cant 1,834
\.191m3
Widow's Creek TVA 12 01/01/70 12/31/70 Cant 3,930+
Huntsville 14 Huntsvil e 5 03/18/71 07/31/71 25 16 2
N02 Huntsville #2 EPA 5 06/18/71 10/31/71 28 79
Hunts vill e #4 EPA 5 06/18/71 10/31/71 29 86
Hunts vi 11 e # 5 EPA 5 06/18/71 10/31/71 29 34
CO Hunts vi 11 e #2 Huntsvil e 4 03/27/71 07/31/71 20 15.4 6.0
Huntsville #4 Huntsvil e 4 03/27/71 07/31/71 21 11.5 5.5
Huntsville #5 Huntsvil e 4 03/27/71 07/31/71 21 16.4 6.2
I I
APPENDIX A
(continued)
-------
APPENDIX B
SAMPLE SITE LOCATION
Rpnion Site Name Location UTM Northing UTM Easting
- -
001 Selma East Side of Town 3580 500
Demopo1is High School 3590 420
Evergreen Central 3480 510
Grove Hi 11 Hospital 3570 425
Pennington Route 114 lift bridge 3560 400
Jackson Leroy or Jackson High School 3490 415
002 Montgomery NASN 515 W. Jefferson Davis Ave. 3580 570
Fire Station #5 3580 570
Boylston Catholic Church 3590 570
Trenholm School 3580 570
Troy TSU Campus 3520 600
Tuskeegee TSC Campus 3590 620
Opelika Lee County Hospital 3610 650
Phenix City Russell County Health Clinic 3590 690
003 Gadsden NASN 109 S. 8th St. 3765 590
0440 East Gadsden Community Center 3765 590
0441 Gadsden Street Department 3765 590
Talladega Federal Building 3700 585
Anniston Blue Mountain Post Office 3730 610
Anni s ton Court House 3725 610
Anni s ton Quintard Mall, Oxford 3720 610
Al exander City Junior College 3640 600
Ashland 3680 610
Ch i 1 dersburg Trade School 3680 560
Sylacauga Health Clinic 3670 570
004 Birmingham
North Birmingham 3712.5 517.3
Downtown 3708.5 518.0
Fairfield 3705.3 507.8
B-1
-------
Region Site Name Location UTM Northing UTM Easting
Mountain Brook 3706.9 522.6
Irondale 371 0.5 527.3
Bessemer 3695.3 504.4
Tarrant City 3715.8 521.0
Woodlawn 3710.8 522.4
West End 3705.7 513.6
Pratt City 371 O. 1 511.1
Dolomite 3702.8 503.7
NASN 3707.0 518.7
Tuscaloosa County Health Dept 3675. 445
3025 Green Grove Lane
Leeds (0660) 202 9th St. S.E. 3715 540
Jasper 5th & 17th Street 3745 470
Background Not Sited
Holt 3680 450
Pell City 205 19th St. N. 3720 565
Ragland City Hall 3735 580
Fayette 3730 425
Columbiana Mildred & Milner 3670 530
005 Mobile
WKRG 3398.8 398.6
City Fire Station 3395.4 399.3
Salco 3425.4 401.8
Creola 3417.9 400.8
Saraland 3410.6 397.5
Pritchard 3400. 1 396.9
State Docks Admin Bldg. 3397.9 399.9
County Health Dept. (NASN) 3396.4 396.9
Police Bldg. 3395.5 400.6
Gen Bullard & Airport Blvd. 3394.2 387.8
Brookley Field 3389.5 398. 3
Cottage Hi 11 3391.5 390.2
B-2
-------
Region Site Name Location UTM Northing UTM Easting
Theodore 3379.7 387.3
Ho11ingers Island 3380.4 394.5
Government & Jackson 3395.2 399.3
Atmore 3435 455
Brewton 204 Sowell Street 3440 495
Robertsda1e 3380 430
006 Dothan East Highland School 3450 650
Abbevi11e Henry County Hospital 3495 665
Eufaula County Court House 3530 675
3460 525
Cl ayton Barbour County Court House 3525 645
007 Florence Lauderdale County Court House 3855 440
Tuscumbia Deshler High School 3845 435
Decatur Ala. Highway Division Office 3830 500
Scottsboro Jackson County Health Dept. 3840 585
Russellville North Alabama Hospital 3820 430
Huntsville (NASN) 304 Eustis Ave. 3850 545
Moulton Laurence County High School 3810 475
Widow's Creek Site #3 3865 615
B-3
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