DAYTOH
AIR POLLUTANT EMISSION
INVENTORY
U. S, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Environmental Health Service
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Office of Air Programs Publication No. APTD-0876
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DAYTON AIR POLLUTANT
EMISSION INVENTORY
Prepared By
Alan J. Hoffman
U. S. DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH, EDUCATION', AND WELFARE
.'- PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE .
Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service
Nation."! Air Pollution Control Administration:
,' Air Quality and Emission Data Program.
Durham, North Carolina
- ' November, 1968
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I',
ACKNOI'iLEDGr.n~~ns
[ ,
We acknowledge ,'lith appreciation the contributions of Local and
other ,agencies in the. gatheri,ng of data for this report. In parti-
cular, we are grateful for the use of data and personnel' assistance
. .
furnished by the follO\'li.ng:
1.
2.
~lid'''cst RC5earch Institute, Kansas City, Missouri..
Mo~tgomery County Health Department, Dayton, Ohio.
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Introduction
.,
Study ,Area
'.
Topography
Climatology
Grid Coordinate System
SUIT~ary of Results
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Fuel Combustion in Stationary Sources
'.
,~
Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Stationary Sourc,es
Transportation
Aircraft.
Solid Waste Disposal
Industrial Process Losses
Solvent Evaporation
Emissions' by Grid.
. '
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Emission Densitics by Grid
References
~pp(;mdix
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4
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14
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22
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26
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40
41
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Figure 1
Figure 2
. Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
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Figure. 6
Figure
Figure
Figure
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FIGURES
Dayton Study Area
........
Dayton Study Area Grid Coordinate Map.
Point Source Locations for the Study Area,
1967 . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
.. . . .
. -. .
Population Density
. . .
. . '. . . .
. . . .
Sulfur Oxide Emission Density from all
SQurces. .
. . . . .
. . . .
.........
Particulate Emission Derisity from all
Sources,
"""'"...,"..
. . .. .
7
Carbon ~'!onoxide Emission Density' from all'
Sources
...........
. . . .
8
: Hydrocarbon Emission Density from all
Sources Surveyed . .. . . . .
. . . .
9
Nitrogen Oxide Emission Density from all
Sources.. . ~ . . . .
. . . .
.......
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25
34
3S
36
37
38 .
39 .
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Table
Table
Table
Table
....
Table
Table
Table
. Tablc
. Tab 1 e
Table
I.
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8.
9
10
.:., ''-: ',~;.' . ." .'
TABLES
Population and Area Characteristics
for the Study Area, 1967 . . . . . . . .
Summary of Air Pollutants. in the Study
Area, 1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Fuel Consumption by Stationary
Sources for the Study Area, 1967 . . . .
Summary of Fuel Consumption in Steam-
Electric Power Plants in the Study
. Area,
1967 .
. . .
. . . . .". .
Sulfur and A5h Content of Fuels Consumed
in the Study Area, 1967
. . . .
. . . .
Sununary of Domestic Heating Units by
Fuel Type,
1967 .
. . . .
. . .8 .
. . .
Summary of Fuel Consumption by jurisdict~on
. for Stationary Sources in the Study Area,.
1967.
. . . .
. . . .
......
. Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions
from Fuel Consumption in Stationary. Sources
for the Study Area,
1967 . . . .
Air Pollut::mt Emissions from Fuel.
Consumption in. Stationary Sources by
jurisdiction for the Study Area, 1967.
Motor Fuel Consumption and Vehicle
Registration for the Study Arca, 1967. .
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3
7
9
10
12
13
15
16
17
19
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Table
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, Table
Table
Tab Ie
Table
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13
14
15
16
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TABLeS (CONTINUED),
Airport Flights in the Dayton Study
Area J 1967. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions
from ~.Iotor Vehicle Sources in the
Study Area:,
1967
. . . . . . .
Solid Waste Disposal by Jurisdiction iri
the Study Area, 1967. . .
Air Pollutant emissions from Soiid
Waste Disposal by Jurisdiction in the
Study, Arca, 1967. ... . . . . .
Swnmary of Point Source Emissions in the
'Study A~ra ,
J967 .
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Summary of Total Air Pollutant Emissions
by Season' for the Study Area,
1967 . .
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30
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INTRODUCTI uN
This report is a compilation of air poliutClntemissions in the
Dayton metropolitan area. The objectives of this emission inventory
were to determine the quantity of the various ~ir pollutants emitted
as well as delineate their geographical and seasonal variations.
This was done by using a modified form of the Rapid Survey Technique~
-lbe Study Area was divided into a grid coordinate system, and the
emission quantities were reported in terms of tons of pollutant per
grid for a sUJruner, \\'inter, and average day.
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The poll utcmts, cons idered in this survey ,'.'cr.e suI fur oxides,.
particulates, carhon monoxide, hydrocarb'ons, and Q)~i~les of ni'trogen.
Data. presented herein \vere gathered mainly by the acknowledged agencies
and are primarily representative of 1%7 unless other\vise noted.
Midwest Research Institute of Kansas City wascontactcc1 by the
. ,
A,
Montgomery County Health Department to provide them \d th
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, LOGAN
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: UNION
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DELAWARE
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CHAMPAIGN
'!!Jillmm)~:\,~~}l
BUTLER
SHELBY.
.,gOLWI:BUS
o
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! MADISON
'~ FRANKLIN
I PICKAWAY
FAYETTE
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CLINTON
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HAMILTON'
G
WARREN
, HAMILTON
HIGHLAND
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: BROWN
:, ADAMS'
1',-s'~-i~To-
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F.~~lIr~ 1. ~ayton ~t_udy ar?~,~-
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TABLE 1 POPULATIO:-J AND AREA CHARACTERISTICS FOR l1-IE
DAYTON STUDY AREA, 1967
1967
1960 1967 Land Area Population
County Population Population (Square mil es) Density'
Darke 45,610 48,210 605 79.7
Greene 94,640 118,670 415 " 286.0
~fiami 72,900 81,300 407 199.8
~fontgomery 527,080 600,140 459 -I , 307. 5
Preble 32,500 36,020 427 84.4
Total 772,730 884,340 2,313 382.3
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141 ' ; 4460000 . {
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: DARKE meters -
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4440000:
36; I 37, i
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29 i 31 \ 32;
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PREBLE
10 11 12 13 14
.. MONTGOMERY' GREENE'
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-. 4390000;
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Figure 2
OCl~;tn' stllfh! ';r;r; 'rii.j.1i r~flrn:rliI1C\t.:..;
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, The city of Dayton is about 750 feet above sea level. The
Terrain north of the city slopes Eradlially upward to about 1.100
feet while south of the city the terrain slopes downward to about
450 feet where the lIial7li River empties into the Ohio River.
Climatology
Precipitation is rather evenly distributed throughout the
year and temper::Jtures are usually modcn1te. Temperatures of zero
or belm.! will occur four out of every £i ve years ,~hereas temper-
atures of 100 degrees or marc '<1i11 occur only once in every five
years. In addition, extremes in temperature are usually of short
duration.
Cold, polar air flowing across the Great Lakes, causes much
cloudiness in the winter and is accompanied by frequent snow
flurries.
1~cse flurries add little to the total snowfall.
TIle
.
\vind is predominately out of the south -
February and March when \...est - northwest
speed averages about 8 miles per hour in
southwest except in
\dnds prevai i . The '-lind
the sumi:1cr and about 12
miles per hour in the ~inter.
GRID COORDINATE SYSTEt'1
For the purpose of this survey, the Study Area ,...as divided
into 41 grids based on a Universal Transverse!\lercator ProJection
(UTI,1). Threc, grid sizes of 20,000 meters, 10,000 meters, and
5,000 meters were utilized for delineating emissions, of the sulfur
oxides, particu'l;Jtes, carbon monoxide, h)'drocarbons, and nitrogen
oxides (Figure 2). :
Since the Dayton Study Area' is in t\.;o diffcl"ent unl zones a
problem ariscs in covering the area ",'ith a single s)'stem~ 111US,
, for the purposes of this report, one zone was utilized and extended.
east~ard. Coordinates of the extendeJ' portion of the zone are.
denoted by an asterisk on the map in Figure 2.
sun;..!ARY OF RESULTS
1}1~ follOl.!inz is a bri~ summ:lry of pollutant emissions and
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sources
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in the Dayton Study Area:
Sulfur oxides (108,000 tons per year) are emitted.
primarily irom fuel combustion in stationary
sources. 1be steam electric power plants
con~ributed 57 percent almost solely from
coal combustion, industry accounted for 38
percent, residential, and commercial and
insti tutional cstal)1ish;;1.~J;.ts added another.
2.
4.5 percent.
Coal combustion accounted for more than 74
percent of the total pa~ticulatc emission of
almost 94,000 tons per YCRr. Transportation
sources contributed 3.5 percent; industrial
processes, 16 percent; and refuse burning,
3.
3.5 percent.
The major source of carbon monoxide (368,000
tons per year) was the operation of gasoline
p01'!ered motor vehicles ,,'hich emitted 88
percent of the total cpissions.
Coal combustion
4.
in stationary sources accounted for 3 percent;
and industrial process, 4 percent.
.Transportation sources account for approximately.
70 percent of the 61,550 tons of hydrocarbons
emi tted. Fuel combustion j n c:tat~onary s.ourccs
accounted for 4 percent of the total while
solvcnt'evaporationamotmtcd to,24 percent ,of,
s.
the total.
Oxides of'nitrogen (62,000 tons per year) were
disch'argcd primarily from. coal combustion in
'steam electric uti] i tics' (35 percent) and in
industrial plants (23 percent). Trm1sportation:
sources accounted for 32 percent.
TIlc emissions of pollutants discharged to the air in the Study
1110 validity of these results arc
Area are -s'l1mmarizcd in Tab lc 2.
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TABLE 2 S(p"~.!ARY OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE
, .
DAYTON STUDY AREA, 1967 (TONS/YEAR)
Source SO PART CO IIC NO
x x
: Transportation " 1 , 630 3,445 329,720 45,430 20,110
gasoline 1,180 1,560 323,300 24.,700 16,900'
diesel 450 1,285 700 ' 1,580 2~580
planes nag. 600 5,720 1,130 630
evaporation 18,020
Stationary Fuel
" CO!JDustion 106,090 . 71,860 10,560 2,510 39,520
Industry 39,650 30,220 4 , 5 30 1,130 13,990
Ste::,:,m- EJ ectric 61,350 33,660 S~O 210 21,120
Residential, 2,980 2,760 2; 980 660 2,150
Commercial & Institutional 2,110 5,220 2,520 510 2,260 '
Solid Waste 30 3,205 14,410 850 1,920
Incineration 80 495 40 10 80
Open burning neg. 2,710 14,370 840 1,840
Industrial Process 15,400 12;530
Solvent' Evapor~tion , 15,000
Total ,107,800 93,910 367,220 63,790 61,550'
nef, = n,egligible
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dependent on the accuracy and applicability of the emission factors
2
used. These factors, for thp. most part, rcr>resent average
emission rates for a particular industry or fuel type. Because of
the inherent differences in type of equipment, operating rates,
control equipment, and efficiency of operation among the plants
and fuol users \Vi thin a given category, the application of the
emission factors to any individual plant or even a smaller number
of similar plants or processes may rcsult in a discrepancy betwcen
the actual and thc estimated emissions.. HO\.;over, the estimates
of total pollutants from all sources in the study area should
be fairly accurate,
B1ISSIONS BY CATEGORY
For the purposes' of compiling the basic data and emission
estimates, the air pollutant so~rces ~ere classified into the
following five. categories:
1. Fuel combustion in stationary sources
2.
3.
Transportation
Solid-waste disposal
Industrial process losses
Solvent evaporation
4.
5.
Fuel Combustion in Stationary Sources
All three maj or fuels are consumed wi thin the Study Area "1i th
coal being the most' significant. In 1967, coal accounted for
. 8.58 x 1013 Btu's. or' 58 percent of the tot;l energy input. \
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TABI.E 3 'Sw.rr,IARY OF FUEL CONSUi-1PTION BY
STATIONARY SOURCES FOR TIlE STUDY AREA, 1967
Source
. . .
Steam-Electric
Utilities'
Industry
. Rcsidential .
Commercial &
Institutional
Total
n,eg. = n,egligil>le
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Coal
. (lOOO~s Tons)
2,110
980
120
100
3,310
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Fuel
Ucsldual
(106 gal)
n,eg.
20.0
neg.
neg.
20.0
. ; ~ "_t.'
Oil
ihstillatc
6
(10 gal)
neg.
8.0
47.0
13.0
68.0
l\atural
Gas
(109 ft3)
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12.8
25.0
13.2
51.1
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TABLE 4 SUMr-1ARY OF FUEL CONSmlPTION IN STEAM-
ELECT~IC POWER PL~NTS IN TI1E DAYTON STUDY AREA, 1967
. .: .~.
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Coal Natural Gas Fuel Oil Controls
1000's "Tons ,106 Ft3 1000's [a!.
I
F. [''I. Tait 1,000 0 33 ESpa
Thi rd 45 0 0 ' b
Street Hechanical
Lon g1licrth 90 0 0 Mechanical, 1/3 fuel use has no controls
O. ' ! I. Hutchins 790 90 0 ESP, 1/4 fuel use has mechanical
~(; ~mi""bur(Tc 20 0 0 None
j ~ ''''''' ('.'.1 -3 6
I p. 110 ' 0 0 Mechanical, 1/3,fucl use has no controls
~ lqua
H '
J Troy 55 0 0 }.jechanica1, 2/3 fuel use has no controls
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r Total 2,110, 90 33
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ESP - Electrostatic ,Prec,ipi tator '~
i'..!echanical - f.1echanica1 collectors; consists of cyclone collectors or baffles,
separately' or' in combin.ation ~
b.
c.
Not in use in 1968
, .'
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operation in 1968.' Industry ,...as the other larr,e coal consumer using
almost 30 percent of the total 'coal.' , The sulfur content of coal
varied, ranr.i~~ from 0.9 - 2.0 percent.
Fuel oil was consumed primarily in industrial operations
(32 percent) and for residential home heating (54 percent), \'lith
approximately 77 percent of this fueloi! being distillate \dth a
sulfur content ranging from,O.18 - 0.27 percent (See Table 5).
Over 49 percent of the natural gas consumed in the Study Area
was used for residential purposes while 25 percent was used in
industrial operations. Industrial and commercial facilities used
the remaining 26 percent.
Approximately 71 percent of the total dwelling units in the
Study Area used natural gas as the heating 'fuel. Coal "'as used
in 7 percent, fuel oil in 20 percent and other types of fuel were
used in the remaining 2 percent. This is shO\\'n in Table 6.
,ruel Apportionment and Data Sources for Stationary Sources
Residenti..d home heating fuel use h'as determined by the
, method described ,on ~age 43 of the Rapid Survey Technique. The
fuel was apportioned on a census track basis by population and
totaled by, grid.
Natural gas usage was obtained from the gas companies in
the area and are the most, accurate. 111e)' \'Jere provided 011 a
county basis ,...ith a brcakdmtr1 by industry, residential, and'
con~ercial and institutional sourtc categories~
Residual fuel oil for the Study Area'was obtained by
proportioning the State fuel oil totals by, Inanufactur.in~ employment.
All residual fuel oil' ,.;as assumed to be used in inclustrial
operations and ;was'apportioned on' a Brid basis by land use maps.
Distillate fuel oil totals \\'ere obtained in the same manner
as residual fuel oil.
Point source information as well as
rcsic1cnti<.1J home hcating \'!c)~e subtracted from th~ total ~md the
remainder '\Vas attributed'to industri::tl and commercia] ,and institutional
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TABLE 5, SULfUR AND ASH CONTENT OF
rur~Ls CONSm:ED IN THE STUDY AREA, 1967
Fuel
.' %, Sulfur.
% Ash
Coal
Residual Fuel Oil
0.90 M 2.00
o . 90 M 1. 70 .
0.18 - 0.27
0.0008
6.0 - 12.5
Distillate Fuel Oil
Natural gas
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TABLE 6 Smr.1ARY OF DOf'.mSTIC HEATING UNITS BY
FUEL TYPE, 1967
" "
Distillate Natural
County Coal Oil Gas Other*
Darke 2,550 5,180 6,120 730
Greene 2,100 10,340 .18,070 1,070
[
I f.liami 2,280 5,330 . 16,300 1,120
t.!ont~omery 9,920 24,750 138,750 2,500
Da.yton 6,020 3,640 70,520 1,880
Kettering 120 880 19,890 110
l\lon t. Balance 3,780 20,230 48,340 510
Preb 1 e 1,920 5,180 6, 1 ~O 730
Total 18,770 50,780 185,360 6,150
~ includes wood, electricity or no heat
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operations.
This remainder, was apportioned on a grid basis with the
aid of land use maps.
Coal consumption in stearn-electric pO\"er plants, industrial,
commercial, and institutional facilities \'Jas determined by personal
contact by the aforementioned agencies.
'Residential coal was . found by the Rapid Survey Technique method.
The remaining coal, i.e., area sources consisting of industrial,
. commercial, and institutional zones are estimates made by subtracting
current point source data in these zones fror.. the estimate of the
total fuel cons\1J:1ption for the jurisdiction inv01 ved. (.t\ point source
is defined as any industry,' commercial and institutional establishment,
steam-electric po\~er plant, incinerator, open dump or airport that
emitted more than O. 3 tons of any of the five surveyed pollutants
per day.)
A tabulation of fuel consumption by jurisdiction is s11O\...n in
Table 7.
Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Station;1l'Y Sources
Air pollutant emissions resulting from fuel combustion in
stationary sources are listed in Table 8 and hy jurisdiction in
Table 9. Al though coal accounts for only 57.5 percent of thc total
. .
fuel energy, it is responsible for 96 percent of the sulfur oxides,
98 percent of the particulates, 99 percent of the carbon monoxide,
. .
95 percent of the hydrocarbons, and 80 percent of the nitrogen oxides'
e"mi tted from'. stationary sources in the Study Area.
I
I .
Fucl burning in industrial plants accounted for 37 percent of
the sulfur oxides and 42 percent of the particulates while steam-
electric pOiver' plants contributed 58 percent of the 'sulfur oxides and
47 percent of the particulates. Commercial and institutional
. .
establishments a.ccounted for 7 percent of the particulates mainly
from c6al combustion.
Transportation'
'n'IO types of transportation sources of air poll ution are considered
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. TABLE 7 Sm~.1ARY OF; FUEL CONSU>IPTION BY JURISDICTION FOR
STATIONARY SOURCES IN TIm STUDY AREA, 1967
~. .-
Distillate Fucl Oil
6
10 gal
. ,
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County
Res.
Da rkc' .
5.4
9.6
5.1
22.6
4.3
. 47.0
,.
. Greene
.. ...~.
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i,liami
l',1on t.~c1:lery'
I
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pl"(~ble
Total
Ind. .
0.5
0.7
1.0
6.5
0.3
9.0
.C&I
1.0
1.0,
1.0
8.0
1..0
12.0
. .
~. includes steam-electric pm'lcr plants
b. !.!c!j'::; nc.:::1igiblc
Rf;S :: residential
Ind :: industrial
CQI = commercial & institutional
. .
Residual.
Fuel Oil
6
10 . .ga1
neg.
3.0
2.5
14.5
neg.
20.0
Res
18.0
13.0
15.0
61.0
13.0.
120.0
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Cca1
1000'5 tons
.. . .
. . . . . . . .
Inda
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20
350
255
10
15
20
2,435
30
3,090
45
10
100
. . .
. .. : .'
.Res
1.00
2.40
2.30
18.70
0,,60
25.00
Natural'Gas
109 ft3
Ind~
1.10
0.30
1.20
9.90
0.40
12.90
C&I
0.63
1.22
1.25
9.80
0.30
.
13.20
-------
I . '
Pl'ABLE 8, SW.IHARY OF AIR POLLUTANT mlISSIONS
FRO~i FUEL CONStJ:.1PTION IN STATIONARY ~OURCES
, FOR 1HE STUDY AREA, 1967 (TONS/YEAR)
Source SO PART CO IIC NO
" ,x x
Industry
Coal 36,280 29,400 4,4 70 1,085 9, 760 ,
Fuel oil 3,37,0 580 60 45 2,010
Natural gas neg 240 neg neg 2,220
Total 39,650 30,220 4,530 1,1'30 l3,990 !
' ' ,
Residential
"
Coal 2 , 2 30 2,340 2,930 590 470
Fuel oil , 740 190 40 70 280
Natural gas 10 230 10 neg 1,400
Total 2 ,980 2,760 2,980 . 660 2,150
Commercial &
Insti tutiona1
Coal 1,920 5,000 2,500 500 400
Fuel oil 180 90 10 10, 440
Natural gas, 10 ' 130 10 ncg 1,420
Total 2,110 5,220 2,520 '5'10 2,260
Steam-Electric
, 'Coal 61,350 33,660 530 210 21,120
Fuel oil neg neg neg n,eg neg
'Natural gas " neg neg neQ' neg neg
. '-.1.
Total 61,350 33,660 530 210 21,120
, '
Total
Coal 101,780 70,400 10,430 2,385 31,750
Fuel'oil ' ,4,290 860 ' 110 125 2,730
Natural gas 20 600 20 neg 5,040
..
Total 106,090 71 , 860 ' 10,560 2,510 ' 39,520
Neg = Negligible
!
"; r~
.:-, \.>. .
, ,
, ,
. ~'.- ,-' . .
"
t" . "'- .
. -'. .,
.~ . "
[. -,-.... . ..' ..,.-,' .~ . .
",'r,"0':'4'&- ;_""".,,,_.;,...
-------
TABLE
:;;'
AIR POLLUTA:~T EmSSIO:,:S FRmi FUEL COr;-ISillTP1ION
I
IN STATIONARY SOURCES BY ,JlJRISnICTIO:~ FOR TIlE STUDY
AREA, 1967 (TONS/YEAR)
I
County Source SO PART CO IlC* NO
x x
Darke Industrial 390 1,010 30 10 340
Residential 420 380 440 100 150
Commercial &
Institutional 220 520 250 SO 150
Steam-electric 0 '0 0 ,0 0
"
Total 1 ,030 1,910 720 loO 640
Greene Industri:.J] 18,050 9,950 3,450 710 3,370
Residential 400 320 330 t>0 25'0
_.~.
Commerci a 1 &
Insti tutiona1 300 ',770 ~80 80 f?~;
Steam-electric 0 0 0 0 0
Total ' IS, 750 1l,01i0 4,160 870 3,850
~.1iami !ndustric:l 2,300' 4,800, 140 50 1.1 (>0
Residential 350 330 370 80 220
Commercin 1 fl
, Institutional 400 1,020 ,'500 100 250
Steam-electric 4,080 7,770 40 15 1,650
Total 7 , 130 ,13,920 1,050 245 3,280
Hontgomery Industrial 18,340 28.360 13,390 340 8,770
Rcsidentia1 l,5JO 1,150 1,,520 330 1,420
Com11)ercia1 &
Institutional 980 2,400 1,140, 230 1,520
Steam-electric 57,270 25,890 1190' 195 19,470
Total 78,100 58,100 16,540 1,095 31.180
Preble Industrial 570 ,1.500 SO 20 350
. ResidenU,8] 300 280 320 70 110
Commercial fr
Institutional 210 510 250 50 110
Steam-electric 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1 ,0 f)0 2,290 620 140 570
, '
* does not
includcso.lvcnt 'evaporation
, :"!
..'
':" .,_~:~~":";~:", ,"-- '. ,'; "
-------
'.' j
i :-
.i
i
..~
J
I" J
1'1
'J
'1
.i
i
;
I"
i
[
i:
I~
,;
i' .
I
I
I
I' .
I
,
.
I. .
-,.._,..'
, '-':-,,".-"'-'
." """.
, ,
in this survey - road vchicles and aircraft. Road vehicles \
-------
TABLE 10 . ~rOTOR FUEL CONSUMPTION AND VE!UCLE
REGISTRATION FOR 11m STUDY AREA. 1967
Gasoline Diesel Auto
County 1000's gal 1000's gal . Registr:Jtion
Darke 17.400 1.220 23,500..
Greene 33.600 2,370 59,010
tHami 29.200 2,060 40,780
. .
Hontgome~y 226,000 16,000 . . 282.530
Preble 12,300 870 16,850
Total 318,500 -22,520 422,670.
I
, -
~.
I.-
". ("
! '.~
J.. .....J
I .
I
-\ .
, ~ " '
. .
, .'. -'. -
.:. I
., .,.,',-.c, ,. ,...,
. .'
-------
, .
I-
I
TABLE 11 AIRPORT FLIGIlTS* IN
TI1E DAYTO~ STUDY AREA, 1967
Air General
Airport Carrier Aviation Hi Ii tar)'
Dayton 24,600 78, 700 360
. Wright - Patterson
I AFB 0 () 25,200
Total
Study Area 24,600 78,700 25,560
* A' flight is define'd as the combination of a takeoff and landing
. .
, '
{':: rt
;:~d .
-,
. -
~.
. .'.'
';.". ..;:
. . ~. .
. ','" \ .
.,
",. ,>
'.' "
-------
I
. '1
.1
! .
,
!
j
. ~
1
. .
'J
". j
"
"
, .'
.. .
. .
."{
, .
I' .
I.; .
I .
TABLE} 2 SUMHARY OF AIR POLLUTANT
. .
EMISSIONS FRmI ~!OTOR VEHICLE SOURCES
. IN TI'IE 'STUDY AJ(EA, 1967 (TONSjYR) .
County Source SO PART CO HC NO
.x x
Darke gasoline 65 85 17,700 1,350 920
diesel 25 70 40 90 140
evaporation _. - - 980 -
Total 90 15,5 17,740 2,320 1,060
.
Greene gasoline 120 165 34,100 2,600 1,780
diesel 45 135 70 170 270
evaporation - - - 1,900 -
Total 165 300 34" 170 4,670 2,050
l,liami ' gasoline llO . 140 29,600 2,300 1:550
diesel 40 , 120 60 140 240
evaporation - - - 1,650 -
Total 150 260 29,660 4,090 1,790
. ,
Montgomery gasoline 840 1, llO 229,400 17,500 12,000
diesel 320 ' 910 500 1,120 1 ,830
evaporation - - - 12,800 -
Total 1,160 2,020 229,900 31,420 3,030
.
Preble gasoline 45 60 12,500 950 . 650
diesel 15 50 30 60 100
evaporati0':l - " - - 690, -
. Total 60 110 12,530 1,700 750
Total. . gasoline 1,180 1,560 '323,300 . 24,700 16,900
Stud)' diesel 445 1,285 700 1,580 2,580
Area evaporation - .- - .. 18,020 -
.. Total 1,625 2,845 324,000 44,300 19, ,';80
- ::: not applicable
,-; -:-
(.:~., 1..
"..'
'.: ,
. ':,"..,;. '. .
. H"." \:
~ -. ,-, , . . . ~..,- .:. 1..
. .
. '
-------
the emission density is ~i&h and thus, they become an important
point source.
. . ""
Solid Waste Dis~osal
J\ppro):ii:1~tE'1y 727,000 tons of refuse ,...ere. generated c1urinr.
1967 in the Study Area. 111is ,.,.as detcrmincc1 by assuming a per capita
disposal rate of 4.5 pounds of refuse per day~ Most of this refilse
. was disposed of by means of dumps or on-site incineration (See Table 13).
There arc no semi tar:-- 1,mc1fil1s in the Da)'ton Study Area.
'At
the various dumps in the region, the amount of burning varied from
50 to 100 percent. TI-'ent)'-fivc percent of the total refuse generated,
was assumed to be non-combustible and hence n,egligiblc in emissions.
'A total of over 14,000 tons of carbon monoxide, 3,200,tons of
particulate, and almost 2,000 tons of nitrogen oxides were emitted
from solid I'!aste disposal practices in the Study Area. These
, ,
and a breakdm.;n by jurisdiction are presented in Table 14.
totals
Industrial Process Losses
111e Dayton 'Study Area is for the most part void "of heavy ",--,
industry and thus emissions from this category did not constitute
a major portion of the total. As is the case in any emission'
inventory, the lack of emission factors for some :.ndustrinl processes
did not allow for a complete estimation of process cmissiohS.
There \
-------
.. .
:' ~. "
" ~".
J:' :.
(.' .
;', (.:.
. . ~ .
.,
. .:. -.. .
,.., h.
,"',,,,,J
~ "'
~ ...J~..I
..
TAB LE. 13' SOLI D WASTE DISPOSAL BY JURISD lCn ON
IN THE DAYTON STUDY AREA, 1967. (TONS/YR)
.'.
-
. .' .. .
Refuse Mu.11.icipal Dumps
a Incineration Amolmt On-Sitcb
. CO~1.ty Population Generated Total burned
. . . .. ..
Da-rk~ 48,210 40,000 0 30,000 25,000 10,000
Grc8nc 118,6iO 98,000 10,000 68,000 60,000 20,000
. J . . 81,300 66,000 30,000 30,000 20,000 6,000
j'-lHlml
?\1ontgomery 600,140 493,000 6Q,000 300,000 150,000 133,000
Preble 36,020 30,000 0 22,000 18,000 8,000
Total 884,340' 727,000 100,000 450,000 273,000 In,OOO
a.
. Refus.e generated' at the rate of 4.5 Ib/person-day
Consisted mainl~ of backyard burning
b.
-------
TABLE 14 AIR POLLUTAJ\1T Et-lISSIONS' FROM
SOLI: ~MSTE DISPOSAL BY JURISDICTION
, I~llm STUDY AREA, 1967 (TONS/YEAR)
County Source SO PART CO HC NO
x x
. ,',..
Darke inc. a 0' 0 0
mun. 0 0
dumps h 150 800 ' 50 100
neg
on-site neg 60 320 20 40
Total neg 210 1,120 70 140
, ' , " , , "
-
Greene 'moo. inc. 10 25 5 neg 10
dumps neg 360 1,910 Ho 250
on-site neg 120 640 40 80
Total 10 505 2,555 150 340
, Miami mun. inc. 2S 80 10 5 25
dumps n,eg 120 640 40 80
on-site neg 40 190 10 20
Total neg 240 840 55 125
Hontgomery rnun. inc. 4S 390 25 5 45
dumps neg 900 4,800 280 620
on-site 'n,eg 800 4,240 250 550
'Total 45 2,090 9,065 535 1,215
I . . .. "
Preble . mun. inc. 0 0 ,a 0 0,
t dumps neg 110 570 30 70
on-site neg 50 260 10 30
Total n,eg 160 830 40 100
Total mun. inc. ' 80 495 40 10 80 '
Study dumps neg 1,640 8,720 510 1,120 "
Area on-site neg 1,070 5,650 330 720
, Total 80, 3, 20S 1'1,410 850 1,920
"
a.
..
mU!1. inc. = Ji1unicipa1 incineration
neg = net'.1igiblc '
b.
':..., :,.,:
'. .",
~ -' ..~ .' ", . '. "~, - ~-' . ..' :.
. ,_7 -: .' -:
- '-':''', .~ :~~.
-------
"'
, "
, ,~ .
r" .: ~ .
"
. f\::;
. C.)"j
i
I .
:.
. .
: .
4460°00 .
I '0 ,5,000 20,
" , ~"H.. ..j I I I
CJ
meters
DARKE
Xx 4440°00
-
t:J A
MIAMI r
N
.1 <. X Industri
\. I 0 Federal
L tJ Power PI
" ~ /). Airport
'j.. f). 0 -, '
x 4410000
!ft C..) ~
X I,~
I .~.',.-{...
vX n
,PREBLE, X I >tiu ~~, I
XX I
X
MON1jGOMERY GREENE, '
cr Xl, 4390000
:
", 4370°00
000 :
'.
:11 "
or Commercial
ant '
700000
770000 .
7 9 o~oo. .
74 0000
Figure 3
Location of Point Sources in the Study Area, 3967
-------
Solvent Evanoration
Emissions from the handling and use of solvents ,,'ere obtained
for many of the industries in the Dayton Study Area.
tvlos t of the
industries surveyed did not h;1vo any c071trol equipr.:ent.
An cstii';:1te
of 15,000 tons of hydrocarbons per year ,vas found for the area,
most of \\'hich ,...as in Montgomery county.
This total docs not include
losses from dry cleaning plants which were not includeu.in this
survcy.
Emissions by Grid
For the purposes of modeling the air pollutant emissions in
the Study I\rea the resulting emissions ";ere apportioned on the
grid coordinate syster.J shO\m in Figure 2.
An iTmnediate need for the apportionment by grid is for the
purpose of designating Air Quality Control Regions.
.
The emissions of each pollutant were divided into tviO source
subgroups ~ point and the total of point and area sources. The
point sources were identified by source category and 110rizontal
and vertical coordinates. 111ey arc presented in. Table J.5 along
with emissions for the five pollutants for an average v.nnual,.
I .
winter and summer day.
The appendix presents the method for
calculating these three averages-since it differs from th~ Rapid
Survey Technique.
11le emissions for the summation of the point and area sources
by grid aIid senson ,are presented .in ~able 16. The calculation of
the area source portion of these numh.ers is similar to that presented.
in .the nppendix for point sources.
Emi~sion Densities by Grid
. Emission densi ties on a grid basis wore obtained by dividing
the total annual emission for each grid by its appropriate area.. '01i5
gives the emission (lc71sity in tons per sqU:1Tcmqc pcr day.
rif:llres
.
5 throyrh 9 prescnt .the emission densi t)' maps for .the five survcycd
pollutants.
Fi f'ure 4
."
sIlOl'.'s
the popul:1tion density for the Study
I\Tea.
;. i '. <'
., .
-------
,
I .
. .".. ;' '. i". '-': ;. ./ - -- """.~.,' '.
\.: .
TABLE 15 SUMMARY OF POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS IN THE STUDY AREA, 1967 (TONS/DAY)
~J1:)UI~CE 50 PART CO HC NO
x ' x
C\ !'l~GORY HC VC 5 W A 5 W A 5 W A '5 W A S W A
]':.Jcr:l1
j :,..: i.lity 7523 44093 0.83. 6.53 3.30 0.96 7.63 3.86 0.64 5.05 2.56 0.13 1.01 0.51. 0.10 0.81 0.41
1 c.Jcra1 .
;::!\~ i.n ty 7540 44125 0.83 6.53 3.30 0.96 7.63 3.86 0.64 5.0S 2.56 0.13 1.01 0.51 0.10 0 r.l 0.41
. o~
\-r. dcra1
" :' ~1 c i 1 i ty 7329 43899 0.32 1. 76 1.08 0.03 0.15 . 0.10 0.09 0.47 0.29
I
.} ~1dustry 7362 43890 0.30 1. 81 1.19 0.-33 0.45 0.40 0.08 0.48 0.32
industry 7374 43987 1. 9S 3.45 2.60 2.01 3.55 2.68 0.15 0.27 0..21 0.05 0.09 0.07 1. 08 1.91 1. 44
T :'[dus t ry 7383 43984 2.03 " 2.99 2.54 1. 02 1. 51 1. 28 0.16 0.24 0.20 0.05 0.08 0.07 1. 07 1. 57 1. 34
. .1 ndustry 7350 43880 1.11 1.11 1.1:1
I .Industry 7407 .13990. 0.50 0.82 0.67 0.83 1. 36 1.11 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.33 0.53 .0.44
I' 111dustry ';. 385 4~1 025 0.40 0.40 0.40 ..,
! n d U 5 t :ry 'i390 4;1023 0.59 1. 60 1.18 0.96 1. 56 1. 32 0.05 0.13 0.09 1. 49 1. 51 1. 50 0.35 0.9:; 0.70
J.lldll~; t f)' 'f 41 :~ .1.10S4 2.88 4.52 3.84 0.16 0.25 0.21 0.18 0.27 0.23 20.66 20.69 20.68 1. 2S 1 . ~) (', 1. 67
.I ildlls try 7:58:, 4:\ U:5:5 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.50 0.50 O. ~;u 1.3:\ l.:q 1.:)4 O. () I 0 . (\ l 0.01
1,idll.,.;t'ry 7 3~) I) 4.1043 1.48 2.32 1.97 0.50 0.79 0.67 0.04 . 0 ~07 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.32 O. ~,() 0.43
II!JlI~; t1'l 7:14:; :1:IIJU8 0.00 1. 45 0.63 0.00 1.06 0.4(, 0.00 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.02 0 . ()I) (J . (,.\ 0.30
'( "J
.~ ~
-------
TABLE 15 SUMMARY OF. POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS IN THE STUDY AREA, 1967 (TONS/DAY)
SO. ' PART CO HC NO ,.
. SOURCE x x
c.'\TEGO~Y HC VC S W A S W A S W A S W A ,5 W A
Steam- '
electric 7324. 43878 49.32' 49.32 49.32 42.80 42.80 42.80 0.'55 0.55 0.55 0.22 0.22 0.22 21. 63 21. 63 21. 63
Steam-
electric 7329 43914 1. 56 1.56 1.56' 3.56 3.56 3.56 0.07 0.07' 0.07 0.55 0.55 0.55
Stcam-
electric 7390 44010 98.65 98.65 98.65 17.00 17.00 17.00' 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.27 0.27 ( .27 27.50 27.50 27.50
Steam-
'Slectric 7417 44048 2.26 2.26 2.26 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 1. 23 1. 23 1.23 '
Steam-
electric 7402 44040 5.12 5.12 5.12 4.90 4.90 4.90 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.52 2.52 2.52
Steam- //
electric 738) 44350 3.72 3.72 3.72 9.45 9.45' 9.45 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 1. 51 1. Sl 1.51
,
'. ,
. "'Steam~/
electric 7361} 44463 7.44 7.44 ,7.44 14.17 14.17 14.17 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.02 3.01 3.01 3.01
"
, . Incinerato:~ 7281) 44110 0.12 0.12 0.12 1.05 1. 05 1. 05 0.06. 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.12 (, .12 0.12
Airport 753() 44130 0.42 0.42 0.42 2.90 2.90 2.90 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.41 0.41 O~41
Ai rport 739Q 44206 1.23 1. 23 1. 23 12.80 12.80 12.80 2.52 2.52 2.52 1. 31 1. 31 1. 31
Industry 741:; ' 44()()2, 1. 57 10.00 6.30 6.43 2.80 1. 80 0.04 0.24 0.20 2.51 2.58 2.55 0.25 1.60 ,1.00'
Federal
Facili ty 7490 44080 0.83 6.53 3.30 0.96 7.63 3.86 0.64 5.05 2.56 0.13 1.01 0.51' 0.10 0.81 0.41
,~ n
A: ,.~
-------
TABLE I5:SUMMARY OF POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS IN THE STUDY AREA, 1967' (TONS/DAY)
SOURCE
CATEGORY
Industry
Industry
Commercial
Industry-
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry-
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
HC
7412
7437
7402
74.1.7
74:.7.
7417
74C7
7407
7414
7454
7554
7390
759:?
1221
7232
7222
VC
44022
44044
4403.3
44060
44060
44050
44050
44050
44063
44117 ;
4*130
44410
44040
43950
44020
44070
S0x .
S IV A . S
v
7.39 19.97 14.78 4.09
0.26 0.41 0.35 . 0.
0.14 1.15 0.58 1.
- ' - 0.
33.
- -. ' ' 1.
6.58 10.17 8.77 6.
. . _
0.15 0.23 0.20 0.
14.25 23.24 19.00 2.
14.25 ; 23.24 19.00 4.
- - - -
1.03 1.68 1.37 '0.
0.
0.
2.
17
26
51
00
50
13
25
55
55
68
04
13
50
PART
W
11.07
0.27
9.94
0.52 .
33.00
1.50
9.48
-
0.40
3.81
7.07
-
1.10
0.04
0.13
2.50
A
8.19
0.23
5.03
0.51
33.00
1.50
8.17
-
0.34
3.22
5.88
-
0.90
0.04
0.13
2.50
S
0.23
0.02
0.07
. . -
"
29.10
0.52
-
0.01
0.38
0.38
-
0.08
3.60
0.85
-
CO
W
0.63
0.03
0.55
-
-
29.10
0.80
.
0.02
0.61
0.61
-
0.13
3.60
0.85
-
A
0.
0.
0.
-
-
29.
0.
-
0.
0.
0.
0.
3.
0.
47
03
28
10
69
02
50
50
11
,60
,85
-HC NO
.A.
S 'W A S W A
2.68 2.81 2.76 1.56 4.20 3.11
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.22 0.19
0.02 0.14 0.07 0.18 1.45 0.73
0.01 0.03 0.02
-
- -
3.17 3.27 3.23 4.10 6.34 5.47
\
3.30 3.30 3.30
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.13 0.11
0.12 0.20 0.17 2.50 4.08 3.33
0.12 0.20 0.17 2.50 4.08 3.33
2.40 2.40 2.40 -
0.03 0.04 0.04 0.54 0.88 0.72
-
-------
-
-------
DAYTON .
TABLE 16 SUMMARY OF TOTAL AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS BY SEASON FOR THE STUDY AREA, 1967 (TOM/DAY
Grid
1.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
"9
10
11
'12
13
14
r-
'16
17
- 1 0
' 1:)
Horizontal 1
Coordinate
.(100m)
6900
7100
7250
7350
7500
7 6 SO
7800
6°00
7100
7250
7350
; 74r;0
'7550
7650
7250
73::5
7 5 '"5
74 25'
7475
Vertical
Coordinate
(100m)
43800
43800
43850
43S50
43SOO
45350
43800
44000
44000
43950
43950
43950
43950
43950
44050
44025
4-1 025
44025.
44025
Area
(Km2)
400
400
100
100
400
100
. 400
400
400
100
100
100.
100
100
100
25
25
25
25
S
0.32
0.33
0.13
. 50.26
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.66
0.72
0.24
6.26
1.42
0.37
0.85
0.32
0.76
104.48
] 6 . 09
0.82
S°x
-. w
0.49
0.68
' 0.28
53.36
0.39
0.35
0.21
0.96
1.60
0.50
9.48
2.06
0.46
.2.10
0.67
1.01
108.84
32.45
1.19
A !
0.40
0.48
0.20
51.98.
0.27
0.25
0.18
0.79
1.11
0.35
7.76
1.75
. 0.46
1.40'
0.47
0.87
106.93
25.15
0.98
0
0
0
43
0
0
0
1
1
0
8
T
0
1
0
1
23
12
1
S
.73
.77
.27
.73
.41
.31
.31
.47
.72
.49
.08
.03
.72
.76
.67
.33
.47
.95
.53
PART
0.88
1.06
0..40
44.07
0.60
0.44
0.36
1.74
2.49
0.70
10.74
5.81
0.81
2.59
1.04
1.55
25.48
29.98
1.92
A
0.79
0.90
0.33
43,92
0.60
0.37
0.33
1.59
2.05
0.57
9.29
3.39
0.76
2.12
0.79
1.42
24.57
22.44
1.70
S
2.13
3.90
3.23
17.90
3.45
0.52
0.51
6.29
16.87
1.82
47.76
89.00
12.09 .
13.18
17.90
31.59
51.38
69.04
43.39
CO
IV
2.01
3.90
3.08
16.50
3.37
0.63
0.52
6 . 04
16.26
1.93
44.25
80.81
11.06
12.85
16.54
28.88
17.92
65.60
39 . 79
A
2.15
3.95
/
3.21
17.59
3.46
0.57
0.51
6.26
16.80
1.89
46.83
S6.5S
11.79
13.13
17.53
30.81
50.57
6K.43
42.37
S
0.29
0.52
0.42
2.58
0.43
0.06
0.06
0.86
2.23
0.21
7.55
12.45
1.63
1.7.1
2.39
4.28
30. SI
11.63
6.02
HC
IV
0.31
0.55
0.41
2.40
0.44
0.10
0.07
0.85
2.23
0.25
7.18
11.37
1.50
1.79
2.24
3.95
.';n.4C.
11.17
5.56
A
0.31
0.53
0.42
2.53
0.44
0.08
0.06
0.86
2.26
0.23
7.48
12.13
1.60
1.77
2.35
4.19'
30.77
11.65
5.89
S
0.24
0.36
0.2S
24.06
0,32
0.11
0.11
0.63
1.34
0.26
5.92
6.23
O.S9
1.17
1.25
2.70
35.45
11.57
3 . 4 6
NO
X
5V
0.27
0.42
0.36
24.97
0.46
0.17
0.16
0.71
1.63
0.42
7.52
6.88
0.91
1.47
1.39
1.82
37.48
16.96
3.56
A
0.25
0.40
0.31
24.44
0.39
0.13
0.13
0.67
1.49
0.33
6.70
6.60
0.90
1.30
1.32
1.74
36.61
14.38
.3.54
-------
DAYTON
TABLE 16 SUMMARY OF TOTAL-AIR POL'LUTANT EMISSIONS BY SEASON FOR THE STUDY AREA, 1967 (TOX/DAY)
Horizontal Vertical
Coordinate Coortlin.ate
Grid (lOOir.) (100m)
20
21
22
23
24 '
"25
26 -
27
28 .
29
30
31 .
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
7325
7375
7425
7475'
7550
7650 '
7300
61! 00
7100
7/50
7.;so
7''. 50
7.^50
7650
6500
7100
7300
7500
hO'M
.' 44075 .
44075
44075
44075
44050
44050
44000
44200
44200
44150
44150 '
44150
44150
44150
. 44400
4-1400
44300
44300
44600
Area
(Km2)
25
25
25
25
100
100
400 .
400 '
400
100
100
100
100
100
400
400
400
400
400
S
. 0.79
0.86
9.13
0.81
. 1.08
0.34
0.51
! 0.57
0.60
0.32
0.63
0.87
30.09
0.50
1.06
0.24
6.76
1.31
0.21
SO
X
w.
1.12
1.81
21.70
1.04
1.17
0.39
0.65
0.87
1.12
0.69.
1.23
1.60
47.50
0.59
1.83
0.61
7.48
1.51
0.6S
. A :
6.94
1.28
16.32
0.91
1.12
0.36
0.57
0.81
0.82
0.48
0.89
1.19
38.80
0.54
1.40
0.40.
7.07
1.34
0.42
S
1.4?
1.90
44.90
1.41
2.01
0.64
1.00
1.23
1.36
0.66
1.28
1.72
9.97
0.97
2.74
0.57
17.11
2.57
0.51
PART
W
1.72
2.94
55.40
1.59
2.08
0.69
1.13
1.52
1.82
0.95
1.79
2.35
14.17
1.06
3.45
0.92
17.78
2.84
0.91
A
1 . 56
2.36
52.43
1.51
2.04
0.64
1,05
1.36
1.56
0.79
1.51
2.00
12 . 06
1.01
3.05
0.73
17.40
2.70
0.69
S
37.48
50.77
77.67
40.57
29.62
6.04
9.31
7.82
15.80
17.95
51.35
51.77
28.53
6.45
20.24
9.47
47.12
13.95
6.32
CO
W
34 . 30
47.35
73.35'
37.00
26.91
5.53
8.60
7.44
14.90
16.62
47.11
47.65
27.20
5.68
19.22
9.02
44 . 79
1 2 . 99
6.21
A
36. 5*
49.90
76.05
39.54
28.82
5.89
9.12
7.76
15.60
17.59
51.16
50.63
28.30
6.12
20.05
9.39
46.52
13.68
6.35
S
5.26
7.19
16.12
5.89
4.05
0.82
1.25
1.06
2.13
2.39
6.91
6.95
4.13
0.84_.
2.73
1.27
7.17
1.89
0.86
HC
5V
4.91
6.fl
15.83
5.43
3.68
0.75
1.16
1;04
2.05
2.25
6.38
6.45
4.09
0.79
2.6'
1.24
6.92
1.78
O.S8
A
5.15
7.11
16.09
5.76
3.94
0.84
1.22
1.07
2.12
2.36
6.77
6.82
4.19
0.83
2.73
J1.27
7.02
1.86
0.89
S
3. OS
4.05
8.73
3.25
2.69
0.49
0.78
0.6S.
1.20
1.25
3.3S
3.52
7.23
0.59
1.69
0.73
5.26
0.99
0.46
NO
X
IV
3.13
4.65
12.58
3.22
2.60
0.51
0.87
0.76
1.34
1.40
3.54
3.78
10.70
0.54
1.99
0.84
5.56
1.11
0.55
A
3.13
4.35
11.03
3.27
2.67
0.50
0.83
0.73
1.27
.1.33
3.50
3.68
9.04
0.59
1.85
0.79
. 5.41
1.06
0.50
.J .A
-------
' DAYTON
TABLE 16 SUMMARY OF TOTAL AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS BY SEASON FOR THE STUDY AREA, 1967 (TOMS/DAY)
Horizontal Vertical Area so PART co '
Coordinate Comv.inrrte ._ x x
Grid (lOOri) (100m) (Km) S - IV A , S ' W . A S :.'.: ' W A S K A ' S W A
39. 7100 4-1600 400 0.23 0.96 0.55 0.57 1.18 0.84 9.46 9.32 9.61 1.27 1.31 1.30 0.66 0.80 0.73
40 7>;00 44500 400 10.46 11.17 10.78 23.09 23.73 23.37 35.19 32.73 34.56 7.32 7.04 7.37 5.50 5.77 S.74
41 7500 44500 400 1.66- 2.84 2.23 1.97 2.84 2.38 8.12 : 7.97 8.16- 1.11 1.15 1.15 1.09 1.52 1.32
< > i-l
-------
1
".1
. ~
.. ..! .
j
i
J
.\ .
:, ~ .
.1
~=.gure 5 presents the emission density for sulfur oxides.
. .
As can he seen the densities arc high in some of the r.er-ions \'Ihere
population den~.itics are 10\\. Th1."5- is prirnaril)' due to the fact
that stcam-electric pOHcr plants ,...hid1 are the major source of
sulfur oxides arc located here.
In Figure 6, the particulate emission density hns been
delincated. l1d.s, too, is high in the outer areas bec;:.use of the
effect of po\':cr plants.
.{
The carbon monoxide densities arc shO\m in Figure 7. 111 is
shows that ~1C emis~ion5are hiphest in the downt~wn areas of
Dayton as would be expccted. However, as one moves out of the
city, the densities are higher in a north-south direction rather
than in an east-west. TIlis is due to the predominance of heavily
travelled roads in this direction such as the interstate frecway
".. .
;
I ; .
,
1--75.
.
Beca.use motor vehicles account for a large percentagc of the
total hyeI'rocarhons, the same effect i$ observed for hydrocarbon
dcnsities as was found for carbon monoxide, Le. high in the city,
radiating in a north-south rather th?.n an east-\o!est direction.
Since pO\\'cr
nitrogcnoxides,
of sulfur oxides
plants account for almost 35 percent of the
the high density locations are similar' to those
and particulates as can be seen from Figure 9.
".
I.:::
,',)
. .
.. .
q. rj'
"l .
V~
I' ,
'. '
.:.
" ."
-------
!--~
.'
.
"
i
N
4460000
o 5,000
!.r--,J
20,000
I
meters
4440000
people/mi2
I I
V///~I
r:;:;:::::::::::::1
r,-::-------,
L~__J
RXy:'Xxi.
, <50
50 - 500
500 - 2500
2500 - 5000
> 5000
4410000
\
4390000
70 0000 ,
74°000
77 OGeo .
4370000
. '
79 0000
Figure 4. Population density for the study area, ,1967.
-I
-------
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.
.~---
DARKE
PREBLE
-
\
4440000
70 0000
770CYJO .
---
Fi~IJrc
74 0000
all sourr.os,
.( from
' . jr,sioll donsl Y - - -
~lIlfur oXIde em . -
S, i)
i
N
o 5,000 J 1
bi~d":-:
meters
20,000
1
.
/mi2 . day
ton
I < 0.01
I ~ 0 01 - 0.05
lL~'l; , .
.. ",',' 0 .05 - 0.10
Bill
::-:':-:-"':-""'1 0,10 - 0.20
I..::';'-:-:--:::::-J (1 20 - 15.00
L._~::.s' ,
..
4390000
'4370°00
7~ 0000.
. ~
, j
-------
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.
'PREBLE
70 GOOD
, I
~~:~~~t"::.,:".:::::,:::,::.",,,:,~.,,.,.,,.:~
. 'I::: ... (}~~~;:;;~;1;;JI1::11!lm:...:..m:.:..
~~?\:J01~~ l:mWhNE
'Nl'GO'!C R\"..,."""" ,'" '/1',""""'" ',',','.',
t/.CJ ""'-. ,::::,:,:-:::::::-:- / '':':'',',',',','",.,
! /LII~;;]jdd- .
i
"
I
74 0000
rD[;m~ (i,
4460°00
4440000
77°000.
. . J ., v from n II ~oun::e::"
p. tn~"JI."t)) l"n~1<;$\On ~enSh I . ,~
. Iln [J :,:.11 't,,-~'1, i11 ~.:;.. -C1 . ...
i
N
0 5,000 20,000
~OJ.J I
meters
ton/mi2 - day
I I < 0.01
V////,,-J 0.01 - 0.05
[;::::::::::;:::;:;:1 0.05 - 0.10
L~ 0.10-0.20
l:;:cv~ 0.20 - 0.40
F»~E] 0.40 - 6.00
4410000
4390000
4370000
"
79 0000
-------
"
~. .
~~ . ~
~'"
........,... ..~~..........:.......
~""""""""""""'~'X'""""'" :""'/,.1.,' "...."'.< ~
(~~j~~il1)j,'G~'.:i.iiii!i;!ij.J"':'~,c
MONTGOMERY A :;:;:::;:::::;:::::::::;: ::::::::;:::.00
77°000.
Figure
7.
Carbon monoxide emi~sion density from all sourl;es,
.
i
N
20.000
I
meters
<0.05
0.05 - 0.25
0.25 - 0.75
0.75 - 2.25
2.25 - 4.50
4.50 - 9.00
4410000
4390000
4370000
790000 .
-------
r
"
't'JO
.
.
. .' .
4460°00
° 5,000
k-..J
4440°00
.
/i
'r
N
20,000
I
mc;ors
ton/mi2 - day
I I < 0.01
r////.I1 0.01 - 0.05
l~:;J 0.05 - 0.10
L-..J 0.10 - 0.25
~~~ 0.25 - 0.75
EST]] 0.75 - 4.00
L
~
70 0000
74 0000
77°000.
- -=~.,',- . j[LrnIHr..~f'....
ilH_lf.f;!ilnl~_~.d~\111n,_,-f.triliLi\c.~Jt,'fC\~L _~~n1JJn_n li,a'~'1 l~rrl\nTI_:it illl_Gin'.Jlilrr,~,-:7i r. - &:,,,,{I, r,~,J1,,,,) i'f.,"
4410000
4390°00
4370000
79 0000 .
-------
"
.
! .
i
I
PREBLE
700000
l
J
, '
.
4460000
4440000
74 ovoo
77 ooco .
all sources.
. 'ere-it'( from
'dn emissIOn 0, ...,
Nitrogen OXI "
Fiaure 9.
.
A
'r
N
o 5,000
~~
20,000
I
metors
4410000
4390°00
4370000
79 o~oo.
-------
- '. ."-..J'.... .
Y\ ~, t, .
~ f -1 .
..
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS BY SEASON FOR THE DAYT~N STUDY ~REA, 1967 (TONS/DAY)
Area SO PART CO
(Km2) x
Grid' HC VC S W A S W A S W A
"
1 6900 ,43800 400 0.32 0.49 0.40 0.73 0.88 0.79 2.13 2.01 2.15
2 7100 43800 4QO 0.33 0.68 0.48 0.77 1.06 0.90 3.90 3.90 3.95
I 3 7250 4.3850 100 0.13 0.28 0.20. 0.27 0.40 0.33 3.23 3.08'. 3.21
I'.
4 7350 43850 100 ' 0.32 0.47 0.39. 0.57 0.67 0.62 17.45 15.93 17.02
5 7500 43800, 400 . 0.17 0.39 0.27 0.41 0.60 0.60 3.45 3.37 3.46
6 7650 43850 100 0.16 0.35 0.25 0.31 0.44 0.37 0.52 0.6:> 0.57
7 7800 43800 400 0.16 0.2.1. 0.18 0.31 0.36 0.33 0.51 0.52 0.51
8 6900 44000 400. 0.66 0.96 0.79 1.47 1. 74 1.59 6.29 6.04 6.26
. .9 .7100 44000 400 0.72 1.60 1.11 1.72 2.49 2.05 .16.87 16.26 16.80
10' 7250 43950 100 0.24 0.50 0.35 0.49 0.70 0.57 1. 82 1. 93 1. 89
11 7350 43950 100 2.28 3.04 2.62 5.05 5.68 5.33 47.45 43.74 46.42
12 7450 43950 100 0.92 1. 24 1.08 2.20 2.45 2.28 88.98 80.74 86.50
13 7550 43950 100 0.37 0.46 0.46 0.72 0.81. 0.76 12;09 11. 06 11.79
14 . 7650 43950 100 0.85 2.10 1.40 1. 76 2.59 2.12 13.18 12.85 13.13
15 7250 44050 100 '0.32 0.67 0.47 '0.67 1.04 0.79 17.90 16.54 17.53
16 7325 44025' 25 0.76 1.01 0.87 1.33 1.55 1.42 31. 59 28.88 30.81
17 7375 44025 25 0.85 1. 70 1. 23 1.83 2.75 2.24 50.43 46.87 49.;51
18 7425 44025 25 0.92 2.09 1.43 2.14 3.41 2.70 64.62 60.19 63.50
19 7475 4.1025 25 0.82 1.19 0.98 1. 53 1. 92 1. 70 43.39 39.79 42.37
-------
---- -
.. ""t .
" ,). .
. .'
. .
AREA. SOURCE ..E!\lISSIONS BY SEASON FOR THE DAYTON STUDY ~REA, 1967 (TONS/DAY)
I
Area SO PART CO
(Km2) x
Grid HC '.VC S W A .S W A S \Ii A
20 7325 44075 . . . 25 0.79 1; 12 0.94 1.42 1.72 1.56 37.48 34.30 36.58-
: 21 7375 44075 25 0.86 1.81 1. 28 1. 90 2.94 2.36 50.77 47.35 49.90
. ,
22 7425 ' . 44075 25 0.83 1.30 1.05 1.60 2.11 1. 92 48.00 43.19 45.94
23 7475 44075 25 0.81 1;04 0.91 1.41 1.59 1.51 40.57 37.00 39.54
24 7550 44050 100 1.08 1.17 1.12 2.01 2'.08 2.04 29.62 26.91 28.82
..
25 7650 44050 1.00 0.34 0.39 0.36 0..64 0.69. 0.64 6.04 5.53 5.89
?( . 7800' 44000 100 0.51 Q.65 0.57 1.00 1.13 1.05 9.31 8.60 9.12
... ,)
27 6900 44200 400 0.57 0.87 0.71 1. 23 1.52 1.36 7.82 7.44 7.76
. 28 7100 . 44200 40Q 0.60 1.12 0.82 1.36 .1.82 1.56 15.79 14.89 15.59
29 . 7250 44150 . 100 0.32 0.69 . 0.48 0.66 0.95 0.79 17.95 16.62 17.59
30 .7350 44150 100 0.63 1. 23 0.89 1. 28 1. 79 1.51 51. 35 47.11 51 ..16
31 7450 44150. 100 0.87 1.60 1.19 1.72 2.35 2.00 51. 77 47.65 50.63
.32 7550 44150 100 0.59 1.04 0.79 1. 35 1.77 1.54 24.87 23.09 24.40
. .
33 7650 . 44150 100 0.50 0.59 0.54 0.97 1.06 1.01 6.45 5.68 6.12
34 6900 44400 400 1.04 1. 78 1.36 2.34 3.05 2.65 20.24 19.22 20.05
35 7100 44400 400 0.24 0.61 0.40 0.57 0.92 0.73 9.47 9.02 9.39
36 7300 44300 400 3.04 3.76 3.35 6.43 7.10 6.72 34.28 31. 95 33.68
37 7500 44300 400 1.31 1.51 1.34 2.57 2..84 2.70 13.95 12.99 13.68
-" 6900 44600 400 0.21 0.68 0.42 0.51 0.91 0.69 6.32 6.21 6.35
,)0
-------
"",. .
, .'~ ,-1 :.
". --
. ,: ~. . >: ~.~ ,.' : " ',. "
, "
. ~. ',. '''.' . '''.
. ... \ ,"''','
'... ',0...."... ,) .J.'
.:. f.~~:" :': "
:'''~ .' .
.f. "
" ;:, . .
'. ,'" ~
, .
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS BY SEASON FOR THE DAYTON STUDY AREA, 1967
Area SO 'PART
(Km2) x
" ~ Grid HC VC S W A S W A
..
" ','
; ~,'
'" .~ '< 7100 44600 40'0 0.23 0.96 0.55, 0.57 1.18 ;' 0.84
" 39,
" 40 7300 44500 400 ,3.04 3.73 3.34 6.42 7.06',' 6.70
. ,
41 '7500 '44500 400 0.63 1.16, 0.86 1.29 1. 74 1.48
\
"
I, '
"
. .,' .
"'~'; ",.. .:'~~.,,::i,",1-.:":'~"':'~ . ~'~"', ... ,..---:-:,
....
.'
(TONS/DAY)
CO
S W A
9.46, 9.32 9.61
35.12 32.66 34.49
..
8.04' 7.S4 8.05
-------
,. "
'j i
'or
I i
,j .
. ~i
,.
r
..
~
"::
I.:
I,"
i,'
"
IU~HIU:;NCES
1.
Ozolins, G. and Smi th, R., Rapid Survey Tcchnique for,
Estimating COj~1Jmmi ty Air Pollution Emissions, Department
of Health, Education, and I\'elfarc, Public'lI6alth Scrvice,
October
1966.
2.
Duprey, R. L:, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
, Factors, Department of Health, Education, and We 1£are,
Public Health Service, April 1967.
3.
Regional Transportation Plan, Volume I a1idII, lJayton
Regional Transportation Committee, August 1963.
4.
Hetail Trade Special Report, Census of I3usiness, United
States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
1963.
5.
FAA Air Traffic Activity, Calender Year 1967, Department'
of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration,
FebTuary 1968.
6.
Personal Communication with NC UliI, Department of Health
Education, and Welfare" Public, Heal th Service, Cincinnati,.
Ohio..
I,
"
,
.
't
\ '\'\
. i \
'.;..0'. ....r
I
I,'
------- |