r
FALL
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Environmental Health Service
-------
Office of Air Programs Publication No. APTD-0884
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iJcnce-^v.-tuckct, "£"/ "odford,
Fall P.iv&r Air Pollutant Fm'ssion
Inventory
Prepared by:
David V. Mason
u.s. nuFAnriEiiT or i
PUKUf HiZALTH SERVICE
cioiimer Protection ar
F:\LTi!, EirjCATION, A'10 VFLFAP.E
d Unvircn^entol flcalth 'Service
tion 'J
Air Quality an> biiission -"!'Vl;a division
jLirhs"'., liorth r-rolirra
February, 15G9
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
He acknowledge v/ith appreciation the contributions of the
many agencies in the gathering of the data in this report. In
particular, we are grateful for the use of data and personnel
assistance furnished by the following:
1. Massachusetts State Health Department
2. Rhode Island State Health Department.
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TABLE or COI;TF.I-:TS
Paqe
PREFACE - 1
INTRODUCTION ' 3
SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS .-.-5
STUDY AREA ,8
GRID" COORDINATE SYSTEM 13-:
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 15
Fuel Combustion by Stationary Sources 15
Transportation Sources 16
Refuse Disposal Sources...., , 17
Industrial Process Sources ~.. 18.
Point Source Emissions vs. Total Emissions... 18
METHODOLOGY ' 35
Fuel Consumption by Stationary Sources 35
Transportation Sources 36.
Refuse £1 spcsal Sources 36
'Industrial Process Sources 36
EMISSION DENSITY !?Y GRID 45
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TABLES
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table G
Table 7
Table 3
Table 9
Table 10
Table 11 ASB
.Table 12
Table 13 .
Table 14 .
Table 15
Table 16
Total Er.nssions by Category ,
Population Characteristies of
Providence Study Area
Number of Industrial Establishments .
in Providence Study Area....'....,..,..,
Fuel ni.l Consumption in Study Area...,
Coal Consumption in Study Area
f-iatural Gas Consumption in Study Area
Chemical Analysis of Fuels
Pace
. 7'
. 9
. 12
. 19:
. 20
. 21
. 22
. 23
24
27
Sur.suary of Emission from Stationary
Sources
Vehicle-Miles Traveled in Providence
Study Area ,..,
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Consumotion.,
Air Traffic Activity at Tv;o Major
Ai rpo rts , 28
Summary of Transportation Emissions... 29
Refuse Disposal Balance in Study Area. 30
Sol id Waste 'Emi ssions '. ' 34
Summary of Emissions by Point Source.. 38
Summary of'Total Emissions by Grid 41
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n1"' T>
i.iij!\
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 3
Pago
Providence, Mew Bedford, and Fall River
Study Area 4
Providence Study Coordinate System 14'
Point Source Location 37
Sulfur Oxide emission Density Map 46
Participate Emission Density Man 47
Carbon Monoxide emission Density Hap -43
Hydrocarbon Emission Density nap 49
Sulfur Oxide Emission Density r?.p......... 50
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PREFACE
Tin's report which presents the emission inventory of the
Providence, Fall River and New Bedford area is another in a series
of studies outlining the sources and emissions of air pollutants
for major metropolitan areas of the country. These reports provide
estimates of total emissions of oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitro-
gen, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matter. The
emissions of these pollutants are delineated with respect to source
type, season of the year as well as their geographical distribution
within the area. These surveys are intended to determine the present .
level of emissions and the status of thsir control.
The general procedure of these surveys are based on the rapid
survey .technique. The study area is divided into grid zones that
serve as a basis for locating sources and reporting their emissions.
All sources of pollution are classified into two general groups, i.e.,
point sources and area sources. All sources that emit large quantities
of air pollutants are considered individually and located specially
within the area. This group which generally contains about fifty to
one hundred sources typically includes large industries, power plants,
and refuse burning facilities. The remaining sources are considered
collectively as area sources and their emissions are reported as totals
for grid zones. This group includes motor vehicles, home heating,
small industries, on-site refuse, etc. The emissions in both cases
are expressed in terms of tons per average annual, summer and winter day.
Emissions for the most part, are estimated using various emission . ..
factors that are related to these. This means that information and
data are collected on fuel consumption and refuse burning rates, vehicle-
miles and gasoline consumption as well as various production data. These
-------
are then'translated into emission estimates by use of average emis-
sion factors. These factors, for the most part, represent average
emission rates for a particular industry or fuel type. Because of
the inherent differences in type of equipment, operating rates,-con-
trol equipment, and efficiencyof operation among the plants and
*. '
fuel users within a given category, the application of the emission
factors to any individual plant or even a smaller number of similiar
plants or processes may result in a discrepancy between the actual
and estimated emissions. However, the estimates of total pollutants
from all sources in the study area should be fairly accurate.
- 2 -
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INTRODUCTION
The information and data presented in this report v/ere
gathered,in cooperation with the Massachusetts Health Department
and the Rhode Island Health Department during the survey conducted
«* - -^
in late October, 1968. The data obtained in this study is for the
most part representative of 1967 and emission estimates presented
herein should be considered as showing the levels and conditions
during 1967.
- For purposes of this survey a Study Area consisting of a por-
tion of Massachusetts and Rhode Island was selected. The Study
Area includes three Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (Provi-
dence-Pav/tucket, Fall River, and New Bedford).. A 1967 population
of about 1.2 million people and some 1,000 square miles, are included
in the Study Area..
The Study Area was subdivided into 62 grids made up of two
sizes: 25 square kilometer grids in the heavily populated and indus-
trialized areas and 100 square kilometer grids in the more rural
sections. Using this grid system,information-was gathered on three
types of area sources and over one hundred large industries and fuel f
users of which about 45 are being considered point sources in
this survey. ; ... - -^J .- --
- 3 -
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MASSACHUSETTS
a
o
-7 1
FRANKLIN
" BELLI NGHAM /
BLACKSTONE[ ____.
MILLVILLE | /
\
WOONSOCKET
COVENTRY .
iSMITHFIELO
= 1 ELD . FALLSNlfY /
.r-\ PAWTUCK
ATTLESOROUGH
x-
ATTLE8ORO
LINCOLN 1 .,' ATI
\CENTRAL7 .
PAWTUCK6T
NORTH1 \-~
\ ,PROVIDENCE
I JOHNSTON
L-
N
EAST
/G'REENWICH
i: .((JAMESTOWN
" ' \MIODLE-
10
15
mi les
Figure 1. Providence-Pawtucket, Fall River and New Bedford Study Area.
-4 - .
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SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS
Over an estimated 700,000 tons of the five major pollutants
are emitted annually in the Study Area. Breakdowns of this total
with respect to specific pollutants as well as the type .cf sources
emitting the pollutants are given in Table 1 and briefly summarized
6elov/.
Pollutant Type
Oxides of Sulfur:
Total tons per year
Electric Generation
Residential Fuel Use
Industrial Fuel Use
Commercial Fuel Use
Other i
117,800
56%
21%
' 16%
4%
3%
Particulates:
Carbon Monoxide:
Total Tons Per Year
Electric Generation
Open Burning
Road Vehicles
Industrial Fuel Use
Incineration
Industrial Process
Other
Total Tons.Per Year
Road Vehicles
Open.Burning
Other
22,600
47%
15%
11%
9%
8%
5%
5%
435,400
93%
4%
3%
-------
Hydrocarbons:
Total Tons Per Year
Road Vehicles
Evaporation
Balance of Transportation
Open Burning
Other
54,300
56%
37%
3%
2%
Oxides of Nitrogen:
Total Tons Per Year
Electric Generation
Road Vehicles
Industrial Fuel Use
Open Burning
Other
64,200
49%
- 33%
9%
4%
5%
Emissions by Point Sources
Oxides of Sulfur
Particulates
Carbon Monoxides
Hydrocarbons
Oxides of Sulfur
81,500 T/Year
13,500 T/Year
8,200 T/Year
2,200 T/Year
32,700 T/Year
- 6 -
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TABL'E I/SUMMARY OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN
THE PROVIDENCE STUDY AREA, 1967 (TONS/YEAR)
Source
Category
Transportation
Road Vehicle
Evaporation
Other . . .
Combustion of
Fuels From
Stationary Source
Industrial
Steam-Electric
A
Residential
Other
Refuse Disposal
Incineration
Open Burning
'Industrial
Process Emissions
'Grand Total
Sulfur
. Oxides
2,450
1 ,650
.
800
115,100
19,200
66,100
' 24,900
4,900
200
200
Neg.
50
117,800
Parti c-
ulates
2,800
2,600
200
13,500
2,100
10,600
600
200
5,200
1 ,800
3,400
1,100
22,600
Carbon
Monoxides
415,500
407,900
7,600
700
100 ,
400 I
200
fleg. ;
!
19,200
1 ,000
18,200
Neg.
435,400 .
Hydro-
carbons
51,900
30,400
19,900
1,600
1,200
100
500
.600
Neg. '
1,200
100
1,100
Neg.
54,300
Nitrogen
Oxides
22,100
21,500
600
39,500
5,500
31,500
1,200
1 ,300
2,600
250
2,350
Neg. .
64,200
? 5
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-S. *.-.**-LA. .
STUDY AREA
As shown in Figure 1, the Study Area lies around Narraganset.t
Bay and along Rhode Island Sound. There are 48 cities and towns in
the Study Area. Twenty-eight are in Rhode Island while the remainder
are situated in Massachusetts. The total area of this region is about
1,000 square miles of which approximately 270 square miles can be
considered urban. Included in this urban portion are the cities of
East Providence, Pawtucket, Warwick, Fall River, North Providence,
Providence and New Bedford which collectively have some 600,000 inhab-.
itants. The 1960 and 1967 population of each of the forty-eight cities
and towns are shown in Table 2. Campari son of the tv/o populations shows
an average increase of 7.0 percent for the Study Area as compared to
an increase of.10,9 percent for the United States during the same period.
The major manufacturing industries of the Area.are those_ concerned
with textile products and metal products. The number of establishments
by industrial category are suiranarized for 1960 in Table 3.
The proximity of the Narragansett Bay and the Atlantic Ocean plays
.j...
an important part in determining the climatef°r Providence' and vicinity.
In winter, the temperatures are modified considerably, and many of the
storms drop their precipitation in the form of rain rather than snow.
In summer, the days are often cooled fey seabroezes
- 8 -
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TABLE 2 POPULATION FIGURES FOR PROVIDENCE-PAWTUCKET
- FALL RIVER, AND NEW BEDFORD StISA'S
Providence .
Pawtucket SMSA
Rhode Island "Portion
Barrington
Bristol
Burrilliville
Central Falls
Coventry
Cranston
Cumberland
East Greenwich
East Providence
Jamestown
Johnston ;
Lincoln
Marragansett
North Kingstown
North Providence
North Smithfield
Pav/tucket
Providence
Smithfield
Warren
Harv/ick
West Harv/ick
Woonsocket
Massachusetts Portion
1960
821,101
731,146
13,326
14,570
9,119
19,858
15,432
66,766
18,792
6,100
41 ,955
2,267
17,160
13,551
3,4,44
18,977
18,220
7,632
81,001
207,498
9,442
8,750
68,504
21,414
47,080
89,743
1967
887,230
777,020
16,530
15,890
9,790
18,900
17,820
72,700
24,100
8,300"
45,300
2,590
19,750
14,750
5,100
23,300
21,400
8,800
78,300
189,000
12,150
9,860
73,500
22,140
47,300
110,210
Percent
Increase
3
6
19
9
7
-5
15
8
28
- 36
7
14
15
8
48
23
17
15
-3
-9
29
13
15
3
1
23
- 9 -
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TABLE 2 POPULATION FIGURES FOR PROVIDENCE-PAUTUCKET
FALL RIVER, AND NEW BEDFORD SiMSA'S
Attleboro
Bellingham
Blackstone
Franklin
Millville
North Attleborough
Plainville
Rehoboth
Seekonk
Wrentham . . . V:v^
Fall River SMSA
Massachusetts Portion
Fall River
Somerset
- Swansea
'.'Jsstport
Rhode Island Portion
Tivertown
New Bedford SMSA .
Acushnett
Dartmouth
Fair'naven
1960
27,118
6,774
5,130
10,530
1,567
14,777
3,810
4,953
8,399
6,685
138,156
128,695
99,942
12,196
9,916
6,641
9,461
9,461
143,176
5,755
14,607
14,339
1967
29,110
12,200
6,410
16,400
1,730
16,000
4,480
5,700
10,500
7,680.
151,780
140,650
103,000
16,350
12,500
8,800
11,130
11,130
148,480
7,130
17,600
16,300
Percent
Increase
7
80
25
56
10
8
18
15
25
15 "'
10
9
3
34
26
33
18
18
4
24
20
14
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TABLE"2 POPULATION FIGURES FOR PROVIDENCE-PAHTUCKET
', FALL RIVER, AND NEW BEDFORD SMSA'S
Nev/ Bedford
Marion
Mattapoisett
Extra Rhode Island Towns
James to v/n
Middle town .
Newport
Portsmouth
1960
102,477
2,881
3,117
2,267
12,675
47,049
8,251
1967
99,500
3,630
4,320
2,600
19,790
36,300
10,780
Percent
Increase
-3
26
39
15
56
- 23
31
Study Area Totals
1,172,675
1,254,620
- n -
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TABLE; 3 NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE PROVIDENCE, -
.'NEW BEDFORD & FALL RIVER SHSA'S (1960)
Food Products
Textile & Leather Products
Paper & Printing
Chemicals & Petroleum
Lumber and Wood Products
Stone & Clay Products
Electrical Machinery
Transportation
Metal Products .
» Miscellaneous
Providence
52
236
68
67
14
5
. 80
13
139
262
New Bedford
14
89
5
4
2
1
11
7
10
i
5
Fall River
14
139
12
9
2
2
6
1
8
2
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GRID COORDINATE SYSTEM
Grid coordinates based on the Universal Transverse Mecator
System were used in this study to show the geographical distribution
of sources and emissions. As shown in Figure 2, the entire Study
Ar-23 was divided into 62 grids of 2 different sizes--25 square kilo-
meter, and TOO square kilometer.
Different size grids are used to limit the number of grid zones
and yet allow a satisfactory definition of geographical gradation of
emissions in areas where the majority of pollution occurs. For this,
reison, the 25 square kilometer grids zones were placed in downtown -
areas, where the density of emissions changes abruptly within short
distances. In areas primarily rural in nature, the use of small zones
was not as important.
As illustrated in Figure 2, each grid line is identified by a
coordinate number. The north-south and east-west coordinates, are
expressed in meters. The point sources are identified by the X-Y
coordinates to the nearest 100 meters. The grids are identified by
the X-Y coordinates of the geographical center of the grid.
- 13 - .
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:
4,630,00°
-. 4,620,0°°
4,610, 00°
4,600,000
Figure 2. Grid system of Providence Study Area.
- 14 -
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DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
All sources of air pollution considered in this survey fall into ;
one of the following four categories: i -
1. Fuel consumption by stationary sources ?
2. Transportation sources j
3. Refuse disposal '
4. Industrial process losses
Each of these categories are dealt with individually in this section ;;
and in the subsequent section where data .sources are given and techniques -:
of calculation are discussed. In addition, the emissions from.the point :
sources are compared with total area source emissions, -
i
It is important to note that the estimates presented herein and
especially in the process loss category are, in most cases, partial totals.
This stems from the inavailability of emission factors as well as appro- [
priate production data. In the case of hydrocarbon emissions'where gaso- ''.-
i ,
line evaporation was included but solvent evaporation was not, the totals
are considerably lower than the actual values the results should, there- ;
fore, be viewed with these limitations in mind. £
u
i
Fuel Combustion by Stationary Sources j:,
Tables 4 through 6 present the consumption of fuel oil, coal and (-.
t
natural gas within the Study Area. As shown .in these tables, fuel oil ! ;
is the primary fuel used in the Area with coal and natural gas..ranked |
second and third. During 1967, over 500 million gallons of fuel oil, \
1.7 million tons of coal, and 25 billion cubic feet of natural gas were 1
burned in the Study Area. In terms of the total energy supplied, fuel ;
oil accounted for 51 percent, coal 30 percent, and natural gas 19 per- j
cent. The average chemical characteristics of the fuel are. summarized I.
in Table 17; I
- 15 -
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The power generating plants are the largest users of fuel in
the Area.. During 1967, they consumed 48 percent of the fuel oil and
94% of the coal. There are no natural gas operated power plants in
the Area. The industry in the Area is moderate in size and only
consumes 22 percent of the fuel oil and 10 percent of the natural
gas.
Natural gas and fuel oil are both used quite heavily for heating
of homes and offices. Over 12 x 1012 BTU's from natural gas and
20 x 10^ BTU's from fuel oil are used for this purpose. Coal is
used very sparingly.
The emissions resulting from the burning of these fuels are sum-
marized in Table 8. The use of fuels is the largest source for three
out of five of the pollutants: sulfur oxides-97 percent, particulates-
56 percent and nitrogen oxides-58 percent. The burning of fossil fuels
is an insignificant source of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, emit-
ting only 0.2 percent and 2.0 percent respectively.-
Transportation Sources
In all, three types of transportation sources were considered.
These include motor vehicles, aircraft and railroads. Vessels were
not considered because of a lack of information. Tables 9 and 10
summarize vehicle miles and gasoline-diesel fuel consumption data
which were used to calculate the emissions from motor vehicles. About
13 million vehicle miles of travel occur per day within the Study Area,
of which about 2 percent is accounted for by diesel powered vehicles.
This rate of travel consumes about 350 million gallons of gasoline
and 10 million gallons of diesel fuel annually.
There are two major airports within the Study Area. The air _ ,\/
traffic activity at each of theseT. F. Green State Airoort ano HEW .
Bedford Airport--is summarized in Tables 11-A and 11-B.
- 16 -
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Approximately 210,000 itinerant operations and 190,000 local oper-
ations took place during 1967. A local operation is defined as a
take-off or landing that originates and ends at the same airport.
An itinerant operation is one that either originates or ends at the
airport. Air carrier flights are primarily commercial, while gen-
eral aviation includes all private and pleasure flights.
The third category in transportation, railroads, is by comparison
minor. During 1967, an estimated five million gallons per year of fuel
(diesel) were consumed in the Study Area.
The emissions from transportation sources are summarized in
Table 12. Gasoline powered vehicles are by far the most significant
source of air pollution. In 1967, they accounted for 98 percent of
carbon monoxides, 93 percent of the hydrocarbons, 91 percent of the oxides
of nitrogen, 69 percent of the particulate matter-and 57 percent of the
sulfur oxides (of the total transportation emissions.) Diesel powered
vehicles were an important source in particulate emissions.
The emissions from aircraft, although minor overall, may be sig-
nificant in that the emissions occur at two locations rather than
throughout the Area as is the case in motor vehicles travel.
Refuse ^Disposal Sources
The estimated pattern of refuse disposal for the Study Area is
summarized in Table 13. About 35 percent of the refuse is disposed of
.by open burning and 25 percent by sanitary landfills with the remainder
being disposed of in incinerators or dumps. .These are rough estimates
and should be considered as such.
The emissions from burning of refuse is summarized in Table 14.
On-site open burning, is the primary source in the category.
- 17 -
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Industrial Process Source
Industrial processes do not contribute substantially to the
overall emissions in the Providence, New Bedford, Fall River Study
Area.
The largest emitters in the Area are grey iron .foundries and
concrete batching facilities. Both together contribute about 1,000
tons of particulates per year. There is also a sulfuric acid plant
that has an estimated emission rate of 50 tons sulfur oxides per
year.
Point Source Emissions Vs. Total Emi ssions
Point source emissions which include both fuel burning and pro-
cess infromation are presented in Table 15 . Point'sources collectively
account for the following percentages of the total pollutants:
Sulfur Oxides 72%
Particulates - 2%
Carbon Monoxides 2%
Hydrocarbons 4%
Nitrogen Oxides 50%
- 10 -
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TABLE 4 FUEL OIL CONSUMPTION BY SMSA
1967 (bbl./Year)
Providence
New Bedford
Fall River
Total
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Utilities
Total
2,550,000
490,000
2,000,000
1,800,000
6,840,000
440,000
90,000
400,000
3,100,000
4,030,000
370,000
80,000
300,000
.800,000
1,550,000
3,360,000
660,000
2,700,000
5,700,000
12,420,000
... - 19 -
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TABLE 5 COAL CONSUMPTION BY SMSA, 1967
(TONS/YEAR)
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Utilities
Total
*
Providence
56,000
Neg..*~
14,000
160,000
230,000
New Bedford
10,000
Neg.
MA**
Neg.
10,000'
Fall River
10,000
Meg.
MA
. 1,460,000
1,470,000
Total
76,000
Meg.
14,000
1,620,000
1,740,000
*Neg. - Negigible ;
**MA - Mot Available ..
i .. i ; :.: !.
- 20 -
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TABLE 6 NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION BY SMSA
1967 (MILLIONS CUBIC FEET/YEAR)
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Utilities
Total
Providence
12,500
3,400
1,500
Neg. *
17,400
Nevj Bedford
3,200
500
700
Neg.
4,400
Foil River
3,000
500
600
Meg.
4,100
Total
18,700
4,400
2,800
Neg.
25,900
*Neg. - Negligible
- 21 -
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TABLE 7 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FUELS IN THE
PROVIDENCE STUDY AREA, 1967
Fuel Sulfur %: Ash&-.- Volatile %. j.
Coal . 0.7 5 j;
Residual Fuel Oil 2.25 j-
Distillate Fuel Oil 0.24 !
**
Gas 0.0008 . Weg. I
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TABLE 8 AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM BURNING OF
FUELS BY STATIONARY SOURCES IN PROVIDENCE
oiUL/i niu.'ij I yu / \ i uno/ iu/-m/
Source
Industrial
Natural Gas
Fuel Oil
Coal
Residential
Natural Gas
Fuel Oil
Coal
Commercial
Natural Gas
Fuel Gas
Coal
Utilities
Natural Gas
Fuel Oil
Coal
* *
Grand Total
*
Sulfur
Oxides
19,200
Meg. *
19,000
200
24,900
Neg.
23,900
1,000
4,900
Neg.
4,900
.._
67,100 .
_- r-;
!
42,300 ''-
24,800
116,100
Parti c-
ulates
2,050
40
1,400
610
1,790
180
560
950
240
40
200
._
'10,400
1,200 '-
9,200
14,480
Carbon
Monoxides
120
Neg.
100
20
2,040
Meg.
140
1,900
30
Neg.
30
,*<
400
'\
\
Neg, -'
400
2,590
Hydro-
carbons
100
Neg,
100
Neg.
590
Neg.
210
380
30
Neg.
30
560
ii' '">
380 -'
180
1,280
Nitrogen
Oxi des
5,540
300
5,100
140
1,250
1,100
850
300
1,260
260
1,000
* *
29,000
12,500 :"
16,500
37,050
*Neg. - Negligible
-23 -
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TABLE 9 NUMBER OF VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED IN PROVIDENCE
STUDY AREA BY POLITICAL JURISDICTION, 1967
(Velnclc-Miles/Day)
Providence
Pawtucket SMSA
Rhode Island Portion
Barri ngton
Bristol
Burrniiville
Central Falls
Coventry
Cranston
Cumberland
East Greenwich .
East Providence
Jamestown
Johnston
Lincoln
Marragansett
North Kingstown ;
North Providence
North Smith-field .
Pawtucket
Providence
Smith-field
Warren
Warwick
l/est Warwick
Wconsocket
Gasoline
Powered
10,063,000
8,473,000
166,000
166,000
142,000
34,000
329,000
779,000
410,000
259,000
561,000
40,000
321,000
280,000
134,000
321 ,000
231 ,000
231 ,000
512,000.
1,450,000
197,000
118,000
1,352,000
212,000
228,000
Diesel
Powered
129,000
110,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
Meg.
4,000
.11,000
5,000
3,000
7,000
Meg. .
. 4,000 .
3,000
1 ,000
. 4,000
3,000
3,000
7,000
20,000
2,000
1 ,000
19,000
3,000
3,000
-------
TABLE 9 NUMBER OF VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED IN PROVIDENCE
STUDY AREA BY POLITICAL JURISDICTION, 1967
(Vehicle-Miles/Day)
Massachusetts Portion
Attleboro
Bellingham
Blackstone
Franklin
Mill vllle
North Attleborough
Plainville
Rehoboth
Seekonk
Wrentham
Fall River SMSA
Massachusetts Portion
Fall River
Somerset
Swansea
Westport
Rhode Island Portion
Tivertown
New Bedford SMSA
Acushnett
Dartmouth
Gasoline
Powered
1,590,000
330,000
167,000
141,000
183,000
44,000
183,000
141,000
141,000
212,000
47,000
1,181,000
1,026,000
516,000 - .
160,000
. 167,000
183 ,.000
155,000
.155.000
1,068,000
47,000
209,000
Diesel
Powered
19,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
Neg.
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
Neg.
15,000
' 13,000
7,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000, 0
11,000
Neg.
2,000
- 25 -
-------
TABLE 9 NUMBER OF VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED IN PROVIDENCE
STUDY AREA BY POLITICAL JURISDICTION, 1967
(Vehicle-Miles/Day)
Falrhaven
New Bedford
Marion
Mattapoisett
Extra Rhode Island Towns
Jamestown
Middle town
Newport
Portsmouth
Gasoline
Powered
139,000
573,000
57,000
43,000
642,000
40,000
.180,000
158,000
264,000
Diesel
Powered
1,000
8,000
Neg.
Neg.
7,000
Neg.
2,000
2,000
3,000
Grand Total 12,954,000 162,000
-------
TABLE 10 GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUEL CONSUMPTION IN
STUDY AREA BY SMSA, 1967
(106 cjal./year)
Gasoline
Consumption Evaporation
Diesel
Consumption
Providence
New Bedford
Fall Fiver
Total
294
31
34
359 '
7
1.
1
9
9
0.5
1
10.5
- 27 -
-------
TABLE Ti-A AIR TRAFFIC ACTIVITY AT THEODORE FRANCIS
GREEN STATE AIRPORT, WARWICK, RHODE ISLAND
CALENDAR YEAR, 1967
Air Carrier
General Aviation
Military
Total
Itinerant
Operations
42,042
152,409
1 ,476
170,326
Local
Operation
---
167,693
610
168,303
TABLE 11-B AIR TRAFFIC ACTIVITY AT NEW BEDFORD
AIRPORT ,' NEW BEDFORD MASSACHUSETTS
CALENDAR YEAR, 1967
Itinerant Local
Operations Operations
.Air Carrier 3,818
General Aviation 35,389 15,966
Military 1,958 5,238
Total : 41,165 . 21,204
- 28 -
-------
TAOLE 12 AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTATION
SOURCES IN PROVIDENCE STUDY AREA, 1967 (Tons/Year)
Road Vehicles
Gasoline
Diesel
Aircraft
Jet
Piston
Railroad
Totals
Sulfur
Oxides
1,680
1,420
260
Neg.
Meg.
. Neg. .
830
2,510
Parti cu-
lates
2,620
1,900
720 -
100
10
90
50
2,770
Carbon
Monoxides
407,900
407,500
400
7,640
7,110
530
Keg .
415,540
Hydro-
carbons
31 ,300
30,400
. ": 900
1,560
510
1,050
Meg.
32,860
Nitrogen
Oxidns
21,600
20,100
1,500
430
250
180
170
' 22,200
- 29 -
-------
FABLE 13 REFUSE BALANCE FOR-PROVIDENCE STUDY AREA, 1967 (Tons/Year)
Jurisdiction
Providence
Pav; tucket SMSA
Rhode Island
Portion
Harrington
Bristol
Durrilliville
1 Cc-ntral Fulls
CO
^ Coventry^
. Cranston
Cur,ibc-'rl and
East Greenwich
East Providence
Jaraastown
Johnston
Lir.coln
ttarragansett
North Kingstown
Total
Refuse
715,150
623,700
13,500 .
13,100
8,000
; 15,500
14,600
59,800
19,800
6,800
35,200
2,100
16,200 '
. 12,100 .
4,200
19,100
Incineration
Municipal On-site Landfills
132,000 40,000 174,800
132,000 40,000 138,800
7,000
8,000
30,000
- 30,000
3,300
20,000
'lO.OQO
Open '
On-site
Dumps Burning
103,900 261,400
82,000 227,900
6,500
4,000 9,100
4,000 4,000
8,500
6,600
29,800
11,800
3,500
1,000 14,200
500 1,700
6,200
4,100
4,200
11,000 8,100
Transferred
-7,000
+22,000
-8,000
-------
TABLE 13 REFUSE BALANCE FOR PROVIDENCE STUDY AREA, 1967 (Tons/Year)
Jurisdiction
North Providence '
f'orth Smithfield
Pc'.wt'jcket
Providence
Smithfield
Warren
to
"* l/arwick
i
.Host Warwick
V'oonsocket
Massachusetts
Portion
Attleboro '
Bellirighsm
Blacks tone
Franklin
Mill ville
North
AUleborough
Plainville
Total . Incineration
Refuse Municipal On-site Landfills Dumps
17,600
7,200
64,200 45,000
155,000 62,000
9,900
.8,100
64,500
18,200
39,000 25,000
91,400 '
24,900
10,000
5,300
13,400
1,400
13,100
3,700
12,000
10,000 ' . 7,000
20,000 15,000 5,000
3,500
2,500
10,000 30,000
11,000
6,000
36,000 21,900
17,500
6,000
3,200
8,100
800
8,200
2,500
Open
On-sita
Burning
5,000
4,200
9,200
31 ,000
6,400
5,600
24,000
7,200
19,000
33,500
7,400
4,000
.2,100
5,300
600
4,900
1,200
Transferred
-3,000
+7,000
-22,000
+11,000
-------
TABLE 13 REFUSE BALANCE FOR PROVIDENCE STUDY AREA, (Tons/Year)
Jurisdiction
Rshoboth
Seekonk
Wren th am
Fall River. SMSA
Massachusetts -
Portion
Fall River
Somerset
Swansea'
He st port
Rhode Island
Portion
liver town
flew Bedford SMSA
Acushnet
Dartsnouth
Total
Refuse
4,600
8,600
6,400
124,500
115,300
84,500
13,400
10,200
7,200
9,200
9,200
121,200
5,800
14,500
Incineration
Municipal On-site Landfills Dumps
2,700
5,100
3,800
15,000. 2,000 65,200 4,300
15,000 2,000 59,200 4,300
15,000 2,000 45,000
8,100
6,100
4,300
6,000
.6,000
20,000 13,100 55,800
' 3,500
8,700
Open
On-site-
Burning Transferred
1,900
3,500 ..
2,600 '.
38,000
34,300
22,500
5,300
4,100
2,900
3,200
3,200
32,300
2,300 -
5,800
-------
TABLE 13 REFUSE BALANCE FOR PROVIDENCE STUDY AREA, (Tons/Year)
CO
OJ
Jurisdiction .
Fairhaven
Hew Bedford
Marion
Mattapoisett
Other Massachusetts
Towns .
Jamestown
i-Hddletown
import
Portsmouth
Totals 1
Total
Refuse
13,400
81 ,500
2,500
3,500
56,700
2,200
16,200
29,500
8,800
,017,500
Incineration
Municipal On-site Landfills
8,100
20,000
1,500
21,000 19,000
13,000
21,000
6,000
188,000 42,000 272,100
Dumps
45,000
2,100
5,500
500
5,000
' .165,500
Open
On-site
Burning Transferred
5,300
15,500
1 ,000
I -1,400
12,200
1,700
3,200
^4,500
2,800
345,900
-------
TABLE 14 AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
IN PROVIDENCE STUDY AREA (Tons/Year)
Total
Incineration
Municipal
On- site
Total
Open Burning
Dumps
On-site
Total
SOX
230
190
40
Meg. * -
Neg.
Neg.
230
PART.
1,800
1,600
200
3,430
680
2? 750
5,230
CO
. . 1,000
100
900
18,200
3,600
14,600
19,200
HC
50
30
20
1,100
220
880
1,150
NOX
250
190
60
2,360
470
.. 1 ,890
2,610
Neg. '-.- Negligible
', ' **-o'
,i .r.vv
. - 34 -
-------
; METHODOLOGY
The follov/ing discussion is a summary of procedures employed in
Providence, New Bedford, Fall River emission inventory.
Fuel Combustion by Stationary Sources
The state air pollution agencies were contacted as to the use of
fossil fuels in the major industrial and commercial establishments.
Approximately 100 major industries and commercial establishments were
located and their fuel consumption totaled. This amounted to approxi-
mately 350 million gallons of fuel oil, one billion cubic feet of
natural gas and 1.6 thousand tons of coal. The large industrial and
conraercial facilities consumed most of the fuel oil and natural gas and
the power plants used coal and fuel oil. On the basis of this infor-
mation, 70 percent of the fuel oil and 96 percent of the coal-burned in
the area was accounted for by point sources. The balance of the fuel
burned in the Study Area was distributed to three area source categories
of fuel consumption: (1) residential, (2) commercial-institutional and
(3) industry.
The amount of fuel burned for home heating was calculated using
the procedure described in the "Rapid Survey Technique". The method
includes such variables as total annual and winter degree days, average
nitiTiber of rooms per dwelling unit, and the number of dwelling units using
each fuel. It was assumed that all fuel oil burned for home heating was
distillate.
Commercial-Institutional fuel consumption figures were not avail-
able except in the case of natural gas where the gas companies had sup-
plied their figures. Natural gas for commercial establishments was
found to be about from one fourth to one sixth of the amount sold to
residential users. Fuel oil was determined by point sources and other
reports already completed. It was assumed the coal consumption would
be negligible for this category.
- 35 -
-------
After the approximate fuel consumption was determined all
point sources, residential and commercial figures were subtracted
from the total. The remainder was considered industrial and dis-
tributed to thosa areas in the Study Area considered industrialized.
Transportation Sources
Transportation information was obtained from two major sources:
(1) the State Highway Department of Massachusetts, and (2) the State
Highway Department of Rhode Island.
The State of Rhode Island had reliable information on the number
of vehicle miles driven in all cities and towns in Rhode Island. The
State of Massachusetts had a transportation study of Southeastern
Massachusetts that gave vehicle miles for most towns in the Area, The
remaining Massachusetts towns were estimated by population.
Refuse Disposal
Solid v/aste information v/as supplied by both Health Departments
which had surveyed most of the dumps, landfills and incinerators in
/'-. - :-, . . .' ' rt ..-.. v . . . .-. -.
the Area. With this Information and approximate amount of refuse being
generated in the area, a refuse balance was generated. That part of the
solid waste being disposed of by open burning v/as distributed through
the Study Area by population.
Industrial Process Emissions
The information used to estimate the process emissions from point
sources v/as gathered by the acknowledged air pollution agencies. This
data was most often in the form of production figures because actual
process emissions, for the most part, were not available.
- 36 - _
-------
4,620,°°°
4,620,°°°
4,610,0°°
4,600,°°°
Pov,-er Plants
Incinerators
Airports
Industry
Figure 3. Point source locations in the Providence-
i:, firji; Dodforci, and Fall River 5ic;i,.iy Area
- 37.-
-------
.
I-
MASSACHUSETTS / | /_
Y "v~7
miles
Figi.-re 1. Providsnce-Pavvtucket, Fall River and New Bedford Study Area.
.
-------
290,
270 000 230,00°
y
% 320,000
4,650,00°
600
000
Figure 2. Grid system of Providence study area.
-------
V
/
290,°°° 300,°°° 310,°°°
4.670,
330,00° 340,000 350,°°° 360,000
0.04 - 0.10
0.10 - 0.50
Figure 4. Sulfur oxide emission density map for Providence study area.
-------
290,000 300,000
270i000 280,00°
r.-rr~
»..
310,000
4,670,°°°
,
4,660,000
o; 320,000
4,650,°°°
330,000 , 340,000 350,000 360, °00
^'iliililiilil ii""
/^KSillf Plillv, ^.iil
~\
>1.00
Figure 5- Particulate emission density map for Providence study area.
-------
C30
MM 1-75 - 5.0
E&U&IJ&H
>5.00
Figure 6. Ca.'bon monoxide emission
density map for Providence study area.
-------
2/0,000 280, °°°
:i;S::i;|S:.j 0.10 - 0.25
m °-25 - °-75
r"-~"i
>0.75
Figure 7. Hydrocarbon emission density map for Providence study area.
-------
340,000 350,000 360. COO
I
-J~
0.03 - 0.10
lilll 0.10 _ 0.50
iiiiiiiil
pSl 0.50 - 1.00
iiiiv^AJ
r1 >i.oo
F,gurc 8. Nitrogen oxide e.is.ion d.n.1., n«P .or Providonca siudy area.
-------
TABLE SUMMARY OF AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS FOR PROVIDENCE, NEW BEDFORD & FALL RIVER
STUDY AREA, 1967.(TONS/DAY)
Grid
1
2
3
4.
5
6 .
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
H
15
16
17
Hor,
Coor. .
(100m)
. 2750
.2850
. .2950
'. 3050
2750
2850
2950
3050
3150
2850
2925
2975
3025
3075
2925
2975
3025
Vert.
Coor.
(100m)
46550
46550
46550
46550
46450
46450
45450
46450
' 46450
46350
46375
46375
45375
46375
46325
. 46325
4C325
Area
(sq mi)
38.60
30.60
38.60
38,60
38.60
33.60
33.60 .
33.60
38.60
33.60
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
SUM.
0.00
.10
.19
.12
.05
.06
.21
.40
.16
.21
..06
6.64
7.01
.07
. .04
7.35
6.64
SOX
'WIN.
0.00
.23
2.67.
.87
.44
.40
1.21
2.98
.45
1.29
.59
8.62
11.75
.68
.40
13.98
8.72
AVG.
0.00
.16
1.50
.48"
.26
.23
.70
.1.80
.32
.77
.30
7.60
9.70
.38
.21
10.86
7.75
SUM.
0.00
.06
.78
.30
.15
.16
.51
.68
.10
,11
.40
1.03
1.35
.25
.22
1.52
.96
PART.
WIN.
0.00
.18
1.36
.47
.22
.23
.64
1.23
.12
.19
.53
1.55
3.06 .
.35
.35
3.07
1.55
AVG.
0.00
.17
1.27
.38
.19
.19
.57
.94
.10
.15
. .46
1.27
2.10
.29.
.30
3.27
1.25
SUM.
/- f
.57
15.45
41.12
28.19
11.92
14,03
37.04
49.44
7.03
7.80
15.00
38.86
70.95
16.50
11.88
92.95
46.06
CO
WIN.
.49
13.35
36 . 1 1 .
24.50,
10.35
12.18
32.08
44.11
6.09
'6,75
13,03
34.06
63.38
14.30
10.37
on oo
Ou uo
40.42
AVG.
^53
14.33
38.51
26.22
11.07
13.02
"34.40
47.03
6.53
7.24
1 3, 97
35.35
65.74
15.32
11.07
86 . 96
43.01
-------
TABLE SUMMARY OF AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS FOR PROVIDENCE, NEW BEDFORD & FALL RIVER
STUDY AREA, 1967 (TONS/DAY)
Grid .
IS
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
23
29
30
31
32
33 ;
34
35
36
37
Hor.
Coor.
(100m)
3075
3150
2850
2925
2975
3025
. 3075
2925
2975
3025
3075
3150
. 3250
3350
3450
2850
2950
3050
31.50
3225
Vert.
Coor.
(100m)
46325
46350
46250
46275
46275
46275
46275
46225
46225
46225
46225
46250
46250
46250
46250
'45150
46150
46150
46150
46175
Area
(sq mi)
9.65
38.60
38.60
9.65.
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
38.60
38.60
38.60
38.60
38.60
38.60
38.60
38.60
9.65
SUM.
.04
.06
.05
.04
6.79
6.70
.09
.07
.15
.11
.09
.15
1.27
.08
.01
.11
.52
.15
1.20
1.33
SO
WIN.
.38
.14
.34 -
.41
10.33
9.07
.75
.66
1.42
.44
.69
1.45
3.25
' 1.84
.33
.89
2.70
1.02
2.16
2.95
AVG.
.21
.10
.19
'.22
8.58
7.86
.40
. .36
.77
.27
.38
;82
2.25
.95
.17
.50
1.63
.58
1.76
2.14 .
SUM.
.12
.06
.14
.14
1.46
1.19
.25
.23
.49
...26
.24
.46
.60
.46
.07
.26
.79
.37
.36
.33
PART.
WIN.
.22
.06
.18
.21
2.96
1.76
..37
.33
.77
.35
.36
.71
.93
.73
.14
.36
1.30
.58
.61
.88
AVG.
..17.
.06
.16
.17
1.98
1.47
.31
.28
.62 .
.30
.30
.57
.75
.60
' .10
.31
1.04
.47
.48
.58
SUM.
11.11
4.93
9.79
11.75
83.00
76.13
17.94
]S083.
33.18
24.78
17.84
24.73
12.55
13.33
2.56
19.92
69.27
34.46
.20.94
21.90
CO
WIN.
9,70
4.30
8.47
10.21
70.90
65.31
V5.64
16.34
23.95
21,53
15.50
21.59
10.95
11.91
2.23
17.32
60.29
29,95
18.37
19.43
AVG.
10.36
4.62
9.09
10.93
75.55
70.86
16.70
17.49
30.92
23.04
16.59
23.05
13.64
12.64
2.40
18.32
64.46
32.05
19.56
20.64
-------
TABLE SUMMARY OF AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS FOR PROVIDENCE, NEW BEDFORD & FALL RIVER
STUDY AREA, 1967 (TONS/DAY)
Grid
38
39
40
41
42
43
44 i
45
46
. 47
49
50
51
52
53
54
Hor.
Coor.
(100m)
3275
3325
.3375
3425
3475
3550
3550
3225
3275
3325
3375
3425
3475
2950
3050
3150
3250
Vert.
Coor.
(100m)
46175
46175
46175
46175
45175
46150 .
46250
46125
46125
46125
46125
46125
45125
46050
45050
' 46050
45050
Area
(sq mi)
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
33.60
38.60
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.64
9.65
9.65
38.60
38.60
38.60
38.60
SUN.
.05
.05
.10
.03
0.00
.03
0.00
.02
.02
.05
1.43
1.59
.01
.07
.02
.12
.01
SO
WIN.
.67
.50
2.03'
.48
.74
1.75
.46
.14
.12
.36
2.89
2.61
.35
.54
.28
.77
.19
AVG.
.35
.27
1.06
.25V
.37
.88
.23
' .08
.07
.20
2.35
2.11
.18
.31
.15
. .46
.10
SUM.
.14
.33
.40
.10
.17
.28
.07
.05
.05
.14
.49
,.28
.07
.21
.09
.27
.05
PART.
WIN. .'
.27
.40 .
.83
.21
.29
.66
.15
.05
.05
.17
1.26
.61
.13
.27
.14
.49
.07
AVG.
.21
.37
.61
..16.
.33
.46
.11
-.05
.05
.16
. .86
' .34
.10
.24
.12
.38
.06
SUM.
8.16
10.37
19:29
8.03
1.65
4.76
1.56
5.57
5.77
.9.35
. 31.03
13.34
2.44'
14.43
6.86
28.60
2.34
CO
VII H.
7.19.
9,13.
16.13
6.95
1.59
4.53
1.40 -
4.80
4'. 93
8.10
27.56
11.76
.2.15
12.50
5.95
24.74
2.04
AVG.
7 '.5 3
9.71
17.12
7.50
1.61
4.63
1.47
5.16
5.35
8.68
29.11
12.14
2. 23
13.39
6. '37
26.55
2.18
-------
TABLE SUMMARY OF AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS FOR PROVIDENCE, NEW BEDFORD & FALL RIVER
STUDY AREA, 1967 (TONS/DAY)
Grid
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
Hor.
Coor.
(100m)
3350
3450
3950
. 3050
3150
2950
2950
3050
Vert.
Coor.
(100m)
46050
46050
45950
45950
45950
45850
46G50
46650
Area
(sq mi)
38.60
38.50
38.60
38.60
38.60
38.60
30,60
38.60
SUM.
1.21
14
.02
.14
.02
.38
.06
.04
SOX
.WIN.
1.33
.67
.07
2.52
.40
.54
.36
.42
AVG.
'1.30
.45
.04
1.3T
.21
.48
.20
.23
SUM.
.15
.08
.01
.43
.09
.11
.17
.14
PART.
WIN.
.18
.11
. .05
.92
.18
.13
.21
.19
AVG.
.16
.09
.01
.67
.13
.12
.18
.17
SUM,
7.67
5.24
2.46
27.36
6.78
8.50
12.63
10.31
CO
WIN.
6.62
4.54
2,75
24.06
. 5.96
7.33
10.99
8.94
AVG.
7.10
4.86
2.30
24.14
6.34
7.88
11.78
9.57
-------
TABLE 15 SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS'FROM.POINT'SOURCES IN PROVIDENCE, NEW BEDFORD, AND FALL RIVER STUDY AREA, '1967 (TONS/DAY)
OJ
CO
Source
Category
Incinerator
Incinerator
Incinerator
Incinerator
Incinerator
Airport
Ai rport
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
industry
Industry
Institute, n
Institution
Industry
Institutrm
Industry
Industry
Grid
12
23
3
36
43
40
26
3
3
:- 2
: : 1.1
"f
8
8
9
12
. 12
13
13
13
14
Her.
Ccor.
(100m)
2993
3015
2932
3173
3370
3370
2975
2925
2926
2880
2936
2936
3004
3070
3115
2978
2954
3021
3005
3003
3051
Vert.
Coor.
(100m)
45373
46297
46523
4G170
46143
46155.
46220
45539
46534
46600
46378
46458
46403
46408
46452
46352
45359
46376
46357 '
46369
46394
SUM.
0.12
0.17
0.07
0.04
0.05
. 0. 00 .
0.00
0.09
0.17
0.00
0.00
1.86
2.58
4.70
1.24
.0.00
0.05
1.12
0.10
0.16
0.27
SOX
WIN.
0.12
0.17
0.07
0.04 .
0.05
.0.00
.0.00
0.63
0.57
"2.05
0.68
2.59
2.80
5.52
1.73
0.81
0.70
1.12
0.60
0.54
0.56
AVG.
0.12 -
0.17
0.07
0.04
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.44
0.43
1.30
0.32.
2.33\
2.72.
5.22
1.55
0.5T
0.46
1.10
0.34
0.40
0.45 -
SUM.
1.05
.1.44
0.58
0.35
0.47
0.02
0.25
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.17
.0.31
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.02
PART. -
WIN.
1.05
1.44
0.53
0.35
0..47
0.02 -.'
0.25
0.04
0.04
0.13
0.05
0.18
0.18
0.36
0.11
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
AVG.
1.05
1.44
0.58
. 0.35
0.47
0.02
0.25
0.03
. 0.03
0.09
0.02
'0.16
0.18
0.34
0,10
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.03
SUM.
0.06'
0.08
' 0.03
0.02
0.02
4.37
16.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
WIN.
0.06
0.08
0.03
0.02
0.02
4.37
16.55
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
AVG.
0.06
0.08
0.03
0.02
0.02
4.37
16.55
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SUM.
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.81
3.44
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
HC
WIN.
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.81
3.44
0.00
0.00
0.01 .
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
AVG.
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.81
3.44
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
O.GO
0.00
0.00
SUM.
0.12
0.17
0.07
0.04
0.05
0.21
.97
0.02
0.04
. 0.00
0.00
0.43
0.53
0.97
0.26
0.00
O.OT
0.33
0.02
0.03
0.06
NOX
WIN. AV
0.1 '2 0.
0. 17 0.
0.07 0.
0.04 0.
0.05 0.
0.21 0.
.97 .
0.13 0.
0.12 0.
0.52 0.
0.14.0.
0.60 0.
0.58 0.
1.14 1.
6.36 0.
0.17 0.
0.14 0.
0.33 0.
0.12 0.
0.11 0.
0.11 0.
-------
TAELE 15 SUMWW OF EMISSIONS FROM POINT SOURCES IN'PROVIDENCE, HEa BEDFORD, AMD FALL RIVER STUDY AREA, 1967 (TONS/DAY)
Source
Ca';^Qory Grid
Industry
Industry
'.'Institution
Fov.-cr Plant
Institution
. Industry
... Industry
Industry
Industry
-o Industry
> Industry
, Industry :
Industry
'. Pov/er Plont
Pov/er Plant
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
Pov.'er Plant
16
15
i *~
!0
16
17
:17
22
22
22
25
. ?-6
26
23
3D
30
36
-i '
OU
,-» Q
. 40
' 48
ilor.
Cocr.
(IGCfii)
2975
2997
^^ ^>.n
tL-j-sa
2993
3002
3213
2903
2938
2992
2980
29'66
2950
3050
3205
3215
3195
3112
3397
3395
1 i
3390
V.prf,
Ccor.
(in(fci)
46306
46317
46314
46323
45329
46167
46275
46276
46298
46209
46221
46222
46290
46202
46230
46185
46155
46085
46120
46100
SUM.
0.7ft
0,36
0.67
43.96
0.74
0.48
.-^
0.41
0.32
0.21
0.31
1.45
7.55
0.84
62.18
0.94
0.71
0.54
n.03
16.07
SOy
WIN.
1.03
O.F1
2.11
48.96
0.74
1.40
0.93
0.58
0.65
0.71
0.64
1.71
7.55
0.84
62.18
1.10
1.63
.0.76
0.59
16.07
AVG. .
0.97
0.45
1.35
48.96
0.74
1.06 .
0.90
0.52
0.53
0.53
0.52
1.62
7.55
0.84
62.18
1.04
1.29
0.68
0.41
16.07
'SUM. '
0.06
0.02
0.04
2.10
0.03
0.03
1. CO
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.10
0.50
;0.02
1.73
0.06
0.05
'0.04
0.01
0.46
PART.
WIN.
0.09
0,03
0014
2.10
0.03
0.09.
1.80
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.04
o.n
0.50
0.02
1.78
0.07
0.11
0.05
0.04
0.46
AVG.
0.08
0.03
0.09
2.10
0.03
0.07
1.80
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.11
0.50
0.02
0.07-
0.08
0.04
0.03
0.46
OHM
bbi'l.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.00
0.01
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CO
WIN.
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.12
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
AVG.
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.12
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.00
0.01
0.01
: 0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
SUM.
o.oo
o.oo
0.00'
0.38
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.01
0 57
0.01
O.GO
0.00
0.00
0.15
HC
WIN.
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.33
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.57
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.15
AVG.
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.33
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.co
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.57
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.15
MOX
SUM. HIM. AVG.
0.28 0.40 0.35
0.03 0.11 0.09
0.14 0.43 0.28^
15.2515.25 15.25
0.32 0.32 0.32
0.10 0.29 0.22
0.18 0.20 0.19
0.14 0.19 0.17
0.07 0.13 0.11
0.04 0.15 0.11
0.06 0.13 0.11
0.30 0.35 0.33
1.57 1.57 1.57
0.25 0.25 0.25
18.49 18.49 18.49
0.20 0.23 0.22
0.15 0.33 0.27
0 11 . 0.16 0.14
0.02 0.12 O.OS
4.78 4.78 4.7F
-------
TABLE 15 SUMMARY OF'.EMISSIONS FROM POINT SOURCES IN PROVIDENCE, NEW BEDFORD, AND FALL RIVER STUDY AREA, 1967 (TONS/DAY)
Source
Cdt-^'iory
Industry
Industry
Power Plant
'Power Plant
/"* s,, ^ j
bl 1 U
49
.49
37
58
iicr.
Coor.
( "i OGm )
3400
3400
3173
30SO
Vert.
Ccor.
(lOOni)
45146
46150
45200
45960
SUM.
0.66
.0.31
53.20
2.55
sox
Hill -
0.84 -
0.80
53.20
.2.55
AV6.
0.78
0.63
53.20
2.55
. SUM.
0.04
0.02
24.00
0.07
PART.
WIN.
0.06
0.05
24.00
0.07
AVG.
0.05
0.04
24.00
' 0.07
SUM.
0.00
0.00
1,00
0.00
CO
WIN.
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
AVG.
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
SUM.
0.00
o.oo
0.40
0.02
HC
WIN.
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.0?
AVG.
0.00
. 0.00
0.40
0.02
SUM.
0.14
0.07
40.00
0.75
NOX
,Mlfl.
0.17
0.07
40.00
0.75
AVG
O.lr
0.1:
40. Of
0.7*
-------
TABLE 16 SUMMARY OF TOTAL SOURCE EMISSIONS BY
GRID FOR PROVIDENCE, NEW BEDFORD, ft FALL RIVER STUDY AREA
1967 (TONS/DAY)
Grid
1
2
3
4
'-'
6
/ i
1 a
o
7io
c 11
12
< 13
14
{ y
16
17
13
'19
Hor.
Coor.
(ICCm)
2750
2850
2950
3050
2750
2850.
.. 2950
. 3G50
3150
2850
2925
2975
3325
- 2075
2325
2375
3025
3075
2150
Vert.
Coor.
(100.0
46550
4C5DO
46550
^5550
. 4G450
46450
15450
45450
46450
45350
4G375
45375
4C375
45375
45325
4G325
46325
45325
46350
Area
(sq mi)
33.60
38.60
38.60
33.60
. 3G.60
38.60
38.60
33.60
33.60
38.60
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
38.60
SUM.
0.00
.10
.52 _:
.12
.05
.06
2.07
7.58
1.40
.21
.06
6,81
8.49
.34
.04
58.12
7.88
.04
.06
SOX
WIN.
0.00
2.28
3. 94
.87
.44
.40
3.80
1 1 . 30
2.18
1.29
1.27
10.25-
14.01
1.24
.40
66.64
10.86
.38
.14
AVG.
0.00
1.46
2.44
.48
.26
.23
3.03
9.74
1.37
.77
,64
8.69
11.54
.83 .-
.21
62.83
9.55
.21
.10
SUM.
0.00
.06
1.38
.30
.15
.16
.64
1.16
.18
.11
.40
1.03
1.40
.27
.22
3.74
.1.02
.12
.06
PART.
WIN.
0.00
.31
2.02 .
.47
.22
i
.23
.82
1.77
.23
.19
.58
2.70
3.27
.39
.35
5.43
1.67
.22
.06
AVG.
0.00
.26
1.91
.33
.19
.19
.73
1.45
.20
.15
.48
2.38
2.18
.32
.30
5.57
1.35
.17
.06
.SUM.
-.57
15.45
41.15
28.19
11.92
14.03
37.05
49.48
7.04
7.80
15.00
38092
70.95
16.50
11.83
93.07
46,05
11.11
4.93
CO
WIN.
.49
13.36
36.14
24.50
10.35
12.18
32.09
44.15
6.10
6.75
13.08
34.12
63.38
14.30'
10.37
81.01
40.43
9.70
4.30
AVG.
0.53 .-
14.34
38.54
26.22
11.07
13.02
34.41
47.08
6.54
7.24
13.97
36.41
66.74
15.32
11.07
87.09
43.02
10.36
4.62
SUM. '
0.07
2.12
4.11
3.56
1.61
1.91
5.41
6.35
.96
1.13
1.33
5,25
7.61
2.06
1.50
10.27
5.10
1.39
.73
HC
WIN.
0.06"
1.R4
4.59
3.13
1.41
1.69
4.71
5.65
.84
.98
1.65
4.75
7.08
1.81
1.31
9.39
4.59
1.22
.63
AVG.
0.07
1.97
4.82
3.32
1.50
1.78
5.04
5.97
.89
1.05
1.75
4.93
7.29
1.93
1.40
'3.79
*,S2
1.30
.63
SUM.
0.03
1.01
2.57
1 . 60
.78
.90
3.17
4.51
' .76
.6?.
.85
3.7C.
4.35
1.06
.60
21.01
3.6-
.6:
. 3J
NOX
WIN.
0.04
1.50
3.75
1.69
. .87
.93
3,49
'5.30
.92
.83
liar
4.64
5.98
1.06
.70
22.93
4.28
.66
.33
0
1
3
1
-
3
4
4
5
1
21
;-
-------
TABLE 16 SUMMARY OF TOTAL SOURCE EMISSIONS BY
GRID FOR PROVIDENCE, HEM BEDFORD & FALL RIVER STUDY AREA
' 1967 (TONS/DAY)
Grid
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
23
29
C30
-31
' t_
33
34
35
36
37
Hor.
Co or.
(100m)
2350
2925
2975
3025
3075
2925
2975
3025
3075
3150
3250
3350
3450
2350
2950
3050
3150
3225
Vert.
Coor.
.(lOOn)
46250
45275
46275
46275
- 46275
45225
46225
.46/25
45225
46250
45250
462 50
46250
461 50
46150
46150
46150
46175
Area'
(sq mi)
33.60
9.65
9.65
9.55
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
38.60
38.69
,38.60
.33.60
38.60
*3 o r A
38.60
38.60
9.65
SUM.
.05
.04
3.33
6.78
.09
.07
2.13
.11
7.64
.15
64.29
.08
.01
. .11
.52
.15
2_.39
54.53
SOX
WIN.
.34
.41
12.54
. 9.24.
.75
.66
. 4.43
.44
8.24
1.45
66.27
1.84
.33
.89
2.70
1.02
4.93
56.13
AVG.
.19
.22
10.53
8.03
.40
.36
3.44
.27
7.93.
.32
65.27
'.95
-17
.50
1.63
. 58 .
4.13
55.34
SUM.
.14
.14
3.31
2.53
..25
.23
.37
.26
.74
.46
2.40
.45
.07
.26
' .79
.37
.82
24.33
PART.
WIN.
.18
.21
. 4.84
3.20
.37
. .33
1.22
.35
.86
.71
2.73
.73
.14
.36
1.30
.58
1.14
2^,88
AVG.
i
.15
.17
3-. 85
2.91
.31
.28
1.04
.30
.80
.57
2.55
.60
.10
.31
1.04
.47
.98
24.58
SUM.
9.79
11.75
83.00
76.21
17.94
18.83
49.74
24.78
17.84
24.73
12.56
13.33
2.56
19.92
69.27
34.46 .
20.97
22.90
CO
WIN.
8.47
10.21
70.91
65,39' '
15.64
16.34
45.51
21.53
15.54
21.59
10.96
11.91
2.28
17.32
60.29
29.95
18.41
20.43
AVG.
9.09
10.93
75.56
70.94
16.70
17.49
47.48
23.04
16.63
23.05
13.65
12.64
2.40
18.52
64.46
32.05
19.60
21.64
SUM.
1.42
1.47
9.87
8.21
2.43
2.36
7.61
3.12
2.46 '
3.59
2.60
1.50
.35
2.91
8.74
4.35
2.71
3.27
HC
'WIN.
1.24
1.33
8.'. 35
7 . 31
2.12
2.06
7.12
2.72
2,17
3.23
2.46
2.14
' .32
2.55
7.63
3.81
2.35
2.94
AVG.
1.32
1.37
9.34
7.72
2.26
2.20
7.34
2.91
2.30
3.17
2,51
1.71
.33
2.72
8.17
4.06
2.57
3. 13
SUM.
.72
.6;1.
5.S5
4.49
.1.20
1.06
3.31
1.40
2.75
1 . 84
20.23
1.09
.19
1.45
3.99
1.95
1.92
41.61
WIN.
.74
.78
6.70
3.93
1.54
1.17
3.75
1.45
2.96
2.03
20.46
1.25
.27
1.54
4.26
2.22
2.29
42.21
AVG
.7
.7
e:'2
4.7
-:.' 1.3
"1.1
3.5
1.4
2.3
1.9
20.3
1.1
<-
1.4
4.0
2.0
.1.8
41. t
-------
' TABLE 16 SUMMARY OF TOTAL SOURCE EMISSIONS BY
GRID FOR PROVIDENCE, NEW BEDFORD & FALL RIVER STUDY AREA
' . - 1967 (TONS/DAY)
Grid
33
39
40
41
42
43-
44
45
46
47
4.3
49
5'0
51
52
53
54
55
56
Kor.
Coor.
(100m)
3275
3325
3375
3425
2475
3550
3550
3225
3275
3^> *~*, f
4..-' b
3375
34^5
3475
2950
3050
31 GO
3250
3350
' 3450
Vert.
Coor.
(lOOn)
46175
46175
4G175
46175
46175
45150
45:!50
46123
46125
46125
'46125
' 46125
46125
46050
450^0
46050
45050
45050
46050
Area
(sq mi)
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
38.60
38.60
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
9.65
38.60
38.60
38.60
38.60
38.60
33.60
sun.
.05
.05-,
.10
.03
0.00
.03
0.00
' .02
.02
.05
18.12
2.56
.01
.07
.02
.12
.01
1.21
.14
WIN.
.67
.50
2.03
.43 .
.74.
1.75
.46
.14
.12
.36
20.31
4.25
.36
.54
.28
.77
'.19
1.33
.67
AVG.
.35
.27
1.06
.25
.37
.88
.23 .
.08.
.07
..20
. 19.41
3.52
.18
. .31
.15
.46
.10
1.30 .
.46
SUM.
.14
.33
.42
.10
.17
.28
.07
.05 .
.05
.14
1.00
.34
.07
.21
.09
.27
.05
.15
.08
PART.
WIN.
.27
.40
.85
.21
.29
.66
.15
.05
.05
.17
1.81
. .72
.13
.27 '
.14
.49
.07
.18
.11
AVG.
.21
.37
.63
.16
.33
.46.
.11
.05
.06
.16
1.39
.43
.10
.24
.12
.38
.06
.16
.09
SUM.
3.16
10.37
23.56
8.03
1.65 .
4.76
1.56
5.57
5.77
9.35
31.03
13.34
2.44
14.43
6.86
28.60
2.34
7.67
5.24
CO
WIN.'
7.19
9.13
20.50
6.95
1.59
4.53
1.40
4.80 .
4.98
8.10
27.56
11.76
2.15
12.50
5.95
24.74
2.04
6.62
4.54
AVG. .
7.53
9.7.1
21.49
7.50
1.61
4.63
1.47
.5.16
5.35 .;
-8.63 '
29.11
12.14
2.23
13.39
6,37
26.55
2.18
7.10
4.86
' SUM.
1.17
1.41
3.36
1.02
.17
'.59
.19
.75
.79
1.35
4.03
1.53
.31
2.10
.85
3.62
.32
1,13
.70
HC
WIN.
T.05
1.24
3.13
.90
."9
.63
.19
.65
.68
1.17
4.31 .
1.47
.30
1.81
.74
3.16
.28
.86
.60
AVG.
1.11
1.31
3.23
.95
.13
. .61
.19
.70
.73
1.25
4.95
1.55
.30
1.95
.73
3.37
.30
1.03
.65
*;:M
1.12
.33
i . 56
.47
.16
.44
.14
.35
.37
» C 2
7.H
l.rs
. - O
1.7
. ' j
l.TO
.19
.73
. ': 3
N'0X
WIN.
1.21
.89
1.91
.53
.28
1.10
.28
.33
.32
.68
8:10
1.74
.27
1,15
:44
1.63
.24
.81
.44
*
AVG.
1.16
.85
1.75
.49
.22
.47
.20
.3".
.3-1
.5C
7.60
1.58
.22
1.11
' .41
1.6:
.21
..8.r:
.41
-------
TABLE 16. SUMMARY OF TOTAL SOURCE EMISSIONS BY
GRID FOR PROVIDENCE, NEW BEDFORD & FALL RIVER STUDY AREA
19G7 (TOMS/DAY) * -
Grid
57
58
59
60
'61
62
Hor.
Coor.
(IQOnO
2950'
3050
3150
2930
2950
3050
Vert.
Coor.
OCCfo)
'GD50
.45950
45950
45850
4C650
4GC50
Area
(sq mi)
38.60. '
33.60'^
38.60
33.60
33.60
38. CO
SUM.
.02
2.69
.02
.33
.06
.04
SOX
WIN.
.07
5.07
.40
.54
.36
.42
AVG.
. .04
3.86
.21
. .43
.20
.23
SUM.
.or
.50
- ^09
.11
.17
.14
PART.
WIN.
.05
.99
.18
.13
.21
.19
AVG.
'.01
.74
.13
,12
.18
.17
SUM.
2.46
27.36
6.78
8.50
12,68
10.31
CO
WIN.
2.15
24.06
5.96
7.33
10.99
8.94
AVG.
2.30
24.14
6.34
7.88
11.78
.9.57
SUM..
.30
3.10
.85
1.16
1.72
1.39
HC
WIN.
.27
2.84
.75
1.00
1.50
1.21
AVG.
.23
2.96
.79
1.08
1.60
1.29
SUM.
.14
2.15
.40
.61
.34
.63
NOX
WIN.
.14
-2.68
.47
, .64
.94 .
.73
AVG.
.l-'l
2.39
. -43
.62
°3
.70
-------
EMISSION DENSITIES BY GRID
Emission densities on a grid basis v/ere obtained by summing the
annual area and point source emissions for each grid. This total,
divided by the grid area, gives an emission density in tons per square
mile per average day. Figures 4 through 8 present the emission den-
sity maps for the five surveyed pollutants. It is difficult to make
any valid conclusions from the emission density maps alone. For this
reason when they are analyzed, the detailed map of the Study Area and
the point source location map should also be considered.
-45-
-------
REFERENCES
1. Ozolins, G, and Smith R,, Rapid Survey Technique for Estimating
Community Air Pollutions, DMEH, PUS, October, 1966.
2, Duprev, R.L. Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors, OHEK',
PHS, April 1967. "
3. Personal Communication with 'lassachusetts State Health Department,
Air Use Manaoement. .
4. Personal. Communication v/ith R'iode Island Stats Donsrb'isnt of
Health, 'Division cf Air Pollution Control. . \
* » -
^ 5, Fuels and Electric Energy Consumed in 'anufacturinn Industries-,
- U.S. Dureau of Census, 1962, ;
f
6. FAA Air Traffic Activity, Calender Year 1967, Department of
Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, February I960.
7. Personal Con:;-iunication v/ith Rhocig Island Highv/ay Cepartnient.-
8S Personal Coriniunicati-on with ,'lassachusctts Kighv/r.y Department.
0. Highv/ay Statistics/1965, M.S. Department of Transportation.
-51-
------- |