ETI
IT EMIS
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Office of Air Programs Publication No. APTD-0895
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PITTSBURGH METROPOLITAN AREA AIR POLLUTANT EMISSION INVENTORY
Prepared by:
Michael J. McGrav;
Charles S. Holt
U.S. .DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service
National Air Pollution Control Administration
Air Quality and Emission Data Division
Durham, North Carolina
November, 1968
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.
7
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. 10
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24
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26
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. .32
32
36
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. STUDY AREA
TOPOGRAPl ;Y
GRID COO!HJINATE SYSTPj
SUH,\lARY OF RESULTS.
EMISSIONS BY CATEGORY
Fuel Combustion in Stat.ionCJry Som'ces .
Emissions from Fuel Combustion
Data Sources
Transpoytation
Road Vehicles.
.'
Ain:raft
Railroads and Vessels
Solid Waste Disposal
Industrial Process Losses.
D!ISSIO:~S BY GRID.
EMISSION DE~SITIES BY GRID
REFERE!\CES .
APrENDIX
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, LIST OF Tr\BLES
Page
Table I 11
,Tab.le_2,_,.-~ <...- -- 16
Table 3 17
Table 4 18
Table .) 19
T<1 b I e 6 20
Table 7 22
Table 8 .,-
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Tab 1 e 9 -,-
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Table 10
Pittsburgh Study Area Characteristics,
]%7
Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in
Pittsburgh Study Area
SUllllaary of Emissions in Allegheny Count)'
Summary of Emissions in Beaver County
Summary of Emissions in Washington County
Summary of Emissions in Westmoreland County
:\nml:!J Fuel COi1S'.l';:ption in Po1:ttical
St:udi\'j;,:i.cms of t:1C Pittshpl'i,h Studv :\:','a
-- .
Summ~n..y of Domestic Heating by Number of
Dwelling Units in Pittsburgh Study Area
SuJ fur and .:\sh CO;1cC'nt of Fuels
Air Pollutant Emissions from Combustio:1
of Fuels in Statibnary Sources in Pittsburgh
Study Area
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,\ Table 11
Table 12 27
Table 13 29
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Table 14 29
Table 15 30
Table 16 33
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Vehicle Niles of Travel for Road Vehicles
in Study Area
Air Pollutant Emissions from Transportation
Sources in Pittsburgh'Study Area'
Air Traffic Activity at Greater Pittsburgh
Airport and Pittsburgh Allegheny Airport
Air Traffic Activity by Engine Type
Solid Waste Bcllc1l1CC for Pittsburgh
Study Area
Air Pollut"nt Emissions f1'o111 Solicl-\\'215tE'
Disposal in Pittsburgh Study Area
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Table 17, 34
Table 18 35
Table 19 38
Table 20 43
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- .- - -_._--. . .~--- . ,-
, ..>-~"c~ - "... .
Selected !',1anufacturing Establishments
in Pi tt~;burgh Stud)' Area
Air Pollutant Emissions from Industrial
Processes in Study Area
Summary of Point Source Emissions by
Season for the Pittsburgh Study Area
Summary of Emissions from All Sources by
Season for the Pittsburgh Study Area
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LIST OF nGURES
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Fjgu".rc 1 "
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Figure 2 9
Figure 3 12
Figure 4 14
Fi f;L11'e S :)1
Figl11'e 6 37
Fjgure i 48
Figu!'e 8 49
Figure 9 SO
Figure 10 51
Figure 11 S2
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:'!;}p of the St:Jte of Pcnnsyl vania Sho\:5~g
the Pittsburgh Study Area
Detailed i\l~p of Pittsburgh Study Area
Population Density for Pittsburgh Study
Area, 1967
Grid Coordinate System for Pittsburgh
Air Pollutant Study Area
Solid Ivaste IJisposal Sites in Pittsbu:rgh
Study Area
Faint Source Location for Pittsburgh
Study Area
Sulfur Oxides
All Sources
Emis s iO;1
Densit;! i.inp r-r:o:::
Particulate Emission Density Map fro;:;
All Sources
Carbon ~!onoxide Emission Density ~!ap
from All Sources
Nitrogen Oxides Emission Density Nap from
All Sources
Hydrocarbon Emission Density Map froD
All Sources
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.ACKNOWLEDG~1ENTS
We acknoh'~ ::::Jge ,,:i th appreciation the many contri!''.!ti ons
of coopcr;ltin'~:( agenci es in the gathering of the data for this
report.
In particular, we are grateful for the use of data
and pel'sannel as~.istanL:c fur<1ishecl by the folloidng:
1.
Bureau of Air Pollution Control, Allegheny
County Health Department,
2.
Pennsyht,;,ni.:: Division of Air Pollution Control,
Department of Health.
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INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of an emission inventory
of air pollutant sources in the Pi ttsburgh metropolitan area.
J' 1
modified vcr5ion uf the }':.cpid survcy '1:cc::':1:ql:C ,,:as cIilployecl in
A
this sm'vey.
The ohjccth'es of this st.ud:.- ','ere to determine thE'
total quantities of the varIOUS air polllitants emitted and to
estimate their seasonal and geographical variation. To accomplish
this task, the study area ~as divided into a grid coordinat~ system,
and the emission quantities were reported in terms of tons of
pollutant per grid ,for a su~ner, winter, and average day.
The pollutants consiciC:l'(;l:
~crc sulfur oxides,
in th0 S:..ll~\:ey
p~~T::i~~~~l~t~CS ,
c:arl:.on l:1.J:-lox=~_c1t::,
nitl~O;':"'!l '~~:
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figure 1.
Map of the State of Pcnn~;yl vll:1ia S:1N:in!: Pitt sburgh Study Area.
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BEAVEn
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approximately a 5 percent increase since 1960 (T~ble 1).2 "The
population density map (Figure 3) shows that the heaviest population
is concentrated along the rivers.
TOPOGRAPJ lY
".. ,-......-.-.". ,,'-
1~e industry and population of the Study Area have developed
along the river valleys of the ~1()non.Gahela) Allegheny, and Ohio
Rivers.
TIle flatlands of the river valleys have provided ideal
locations for steel mills and othc1' heavy industry.
TIle rivers
themselves are llsedextensiveJy for the transport of raw materials
and finished products.
;\\";ay from ~he river":v(~llcys the land rises
steeply.
The topography is rugged and hilly,
Thc elevation
iI1crl'~tSCS
toward the eastern
edge of the
Stud)" ATC3,
fori!~ing
the foothills
of the Appa) achj an - mO!Jnt
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Table 1
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~ITTSBURGH S'l'UDY ARB'. CI-nRL\CT;::RISTICS, 1967
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poli i:ica1 Jurisdiction Land Area Pop;.;.lCltion Population
.' (sq. mi.) 1960 .. is'67 . Densitv (1967)
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Allegheny County 731 1,629,000 1,699,000 I 2,324
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441 207,000 2 ;~ 5 , 00 0 '
BGa'lel: County i 510
, \
Ha:3hington County 857 217,000 221,000 " 2.58
,
\'iestmorelanc1 County 1,025 353,000 377,000 368
T0: 2.1 Study Area -3,054 2,406,000 /., 5~r:? 1 000 j 826
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: 4520.°00 -II~-.. "-' :"-:--7-o/M. J ! '.
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I 4500CPO~~%%~ .. ... .f~,a1:t:?i~!/'%Y~r""..~~. ">~
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. I :-. ,'-: :-.«." / ./. .'.,-,/ ~':':-:-:-:':-.. ./:/..;::" /~. :,..'" . , - .
11 ' ~ / '~:::;~:;:;::,::;':::',:~,;', '. '.:, ,//' ,:::t::~;}/~;:,,:'::,,;;: "~~~~~..:~\
I '.r, 000 t=~~_l=:-~\, h:::::;\}:~'::'>::- ::<: )~" ,:,,, . "~~}::::::-:::::-<{«!~~:,0~~j,? ,~,~:':!~~':., ,;7' ,,----'--'-'-'~
, ..",:,~} f/ // .. ,: '/ / /, ," ':' ,',',''',''',',', ,',',', ",.,','",,' '/' / '.' / / / '//'
. - :~/>;:»,<::;;':~,~' '..' '/://2;::?u:r:~}::::"~,:»: ," ,'~ .:. ' ";" :':';';',;: ..:-:., ,;,::::;:,:"..:-,-::::=:-:::::....,:-:,: '/;<~2:'~~~? " /
,. i ~{%?!: X.,.;;; ,. ... .)~'ljr~.i;....'r<*~~i;4L~ -.-,/
, 4~i60000 'j ~~~~}J~:~~//// :,i' <~~j);;);%)~~;~~~~1i~~~:{~(;~ ;/!
4~~OOOO \'\5'11 'IGTO'" tX.f.{.'~~ 610000.-' 630000 ", 650000, 670~:,';:
. E= ,/ / II II . IW~ \,_1
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, ,..rl' 'J POPULATION DENSITY. PERSONS PER S~)lI::r~£ ..':::
41?O1')00 --- I I 0 - lCJ
...- . 550000 570000, 5900:):1
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1 000 - 3~;~)J
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ki I Q;H()!ers
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F~~}:J!;~~L':1 t;~.:';~:ity f0r i."iit~'~~-!~~.;~~:~ s1~'..:-~' ;~iC~~, 1S::~&i.
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more accurately depict these areas. Thus at the confluence of the
Monongahela and the Allegheny Rivers in central Allegheny county
and along the Ohio River Valley in the Southeast corner of l3eaver
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county, 5,006 meter
squares were used.
In Areas low in population
such a~ eastern i'!cstn:u.::cLmd cllld southern ",;ashington counties,
20,000 meters squares were used.
In. those cases where sections
of outlying counties are omitted, the air pollutant emissions are
considered negligible.
Figure 4 shows the grid reference system utilized for the
Pi ttsburgh emission SllTVey.
SUilii,lARY OF RESULTS
The fol10wil1g is <1 bricf.surno18ry of pollutant clr:issions cm..:1
sources in the Study i\J:ca:
1.
Sulfur oxides (over 930,000 tons per year) arc emitted
primarily from fuel coniliustion in stationary sources
(77 percent) .
The combusd.on of coal by industrial
sources contributed
fIG percent and stee!]:1 electric
~
utilities accounted for 25 percent of the total sulfur
oxides emitted. Industrial prricess losses ~ccounted
for another 21 percent anc! transportation sources 2
.,
2.
percent.
Stationary fuel combustion sources contributed 73 percent
.
of the tot~l particulate emis$ions of about 386,000
tons per year. Transportation sources contributed 2 .
percent; industrial pl'ocesscs 24 iH"Tcent; and refuse
3.
burning 1 percent.
.The major source of carbon monoxide (915,000 tons per
year) \\oas the opcr~1tion of gasoline pOII'ered motor
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vehiclcs ,."hieh emi tteel 91 . percent of the totc11.
po~crcd vehicles and air traffic emit 1 percent'
Diesel
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II ~0 Ib~:_~J~:={/J~~_J2:,~J,;jJ': !!;'.:J:'~,LLI3?-_-1'lL--1 "\.,p "-~r~:~~-'--
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:! ~,,-! '\" f;":-- \.'~:-T'~-C' C~l~'~-\...: /'\ ~. '--\"1 - ..J';")"
\1 " '---.--J '- ~.. ,." .' " " .,' ',' '" I \ ,--- ,
\--' , ~~~;J;'-1~;;--r~;1~~-T;; T 7-- .\" /'
:! I'''':~ ~~-~\ -,~r--r- -r--\ I 64 / !
!~ "',.... - 1:-,-""':"''-) I-.r. 1, r. i.. I ~,.., (." r,1r}.:lt,,:':';~'.;_:~.~,~t) (~:- I
"..., r;~ ':.", '.- I 1 - :," ',"J C" I "",'" I"''; , -'~) I
4'joO j," '- --------r- ----~""~'7 -ITU". - ---,-----------,- ---7"i
r~ IV AS' iII~Gm;l- . 'ry':':' ,"'- .' ;/ I
: ' ' ()~' 610 630 \ _/ 650 ' ..,/v
'77 ' ,.)Y8 ' "
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.
550
$/0
590
Fi £lure 4
Gr1 cI CO'Jrdi no te
Sys LCI;]
for
Pi ttsbur~h
AirPollut2nt Study Area
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of the total emissions.
Of the remaining "8 percent, 6
perc.ent comes from stationary fuel combust.ion and 2
perce"!. from refuse burning.
Information was not available
4.
on c2.rbon I;:o!loxicle emi.ssions froll1 i nc1ustrial processes.
Oxides of nitrogell (26G,OUO tons per year) were discharged
. -"--. -......- -. "~
prj.1;:~:ri ly
......-
fy::.')';j coal combustion in stea1i~ electric utilities
(29 percent) and in industrial plants (41 percent).
Natural gas consumption accounted for 7 percent of the
't("L.'~'1 ""n)' c-,_.;,):"" ""Icl t'l"'11':1'01't'1tl'O'Il so\'r~r'" H~ 1~("1'ccnt'
J - \.. d . -' ~; ... I.. .,...' ~..... .i "I . a.." . ".. -. J,. \.... -~ .J .". 1 ....
Sources such as residential and institutional fuel con-
sumption,
refuse burning and industrial process losses
accounted for the remaining 4 percent.
5.
i--Jator vehicJes e:::it approximately
Clnd st;1tionary
::;4 p81'Ccnt
fue.} cornbu:~t~c:: ~ () PC1.'c':;;rt. 8!: the
"l~\)t~l h)'droC:~1J:h~,ns 1n-
cJ.ud",d in thi.::-,
h~'d~:ocr!rhon ('I::issio;1S \.;ere
~-: ~ 1J~\" c~.. .
Total
appl.'oximQtely
95,000 tons per year (e~cluding solven~
evaporation and industrial process losses).
The cr;~issions of pol1utailts
discharged to
the ail"' in
the Study
Area arc SW:1:i:3rized in T8.blc 2.
The' bTc2.kdOl-!11 of all cmissioJ:s
on a county basis are summarized in Tables 3-6. The validity of
these results are dependent on the accuracy and applicability of
] "~ d 4
t.1e emISSIon ractors ~sc ~ These factors, for the most part,
repTesent the, average emission rates for a particulaT industr;.' or
fuel group.
Because of the inherent differences in type of equip-
ment, operating ratos, and efficicncy of operation among the plants
or fuel users within a gi,veD category, thcapplication of the
emission factors to any individual plant or even a smaller nu~bcr
of similar plants or processes may result in a discTepancy bet~een
the actual and the estimated emissions.
HO\"E;VCr" the estimates
of total pollutants from all SO\lrCeS in the study area should be
friirly accurate since the emission fjctors
based on
average
a:rc
, conditions.
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Table 2 SU~L\L<\IW OF AIR POI~LUTi\NT E~!ISSIO~S
IN prnSBUI;'(;11 STUDY AREA, 1907 crm:S/YJ:;\R)
Source I Sulfur I ParUc-
~;~SI'Ort~:;:~OD. ~----'-~' i_~.; I--~-~~~;-
Road Vehiclcs . 4,30.0 h'ooo
Other 650 2,300
--- -- ._----
To1.;11 4.950 9,300,
---~.
Combustion of Fuels
Stationary Sources
Ce!l'bon
i'd. trogcn
Oxjdcs
~JOJ1o:.:i de
---.-'
833,200
16,000
46,400
4,570
-'--
848,700
51,000
JnJustry
,
" 435,100
2:);; ,(~(';O
.1 25, f:CI!)
! 2~) ,Gc;o
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, 12(j ,.1()e) 15, '/CiU 119 , ()()O
I EO ~:;(!O ' ,~"GQ 7(...,SOO
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I 16, .:;0(1 15, f;00 9 ,20D
! " 7:)0 -, ~- . , " ~) , ?OG
(j, , (.."..'
S .: c: Lim - E ] c c ~ !.. i c
lJ'l.il.
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l{csi dcnti ~l
c~ ij;:;'V:'~ rei a} ~
Jns ti tuti on;.: 1
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!!ydro-
cn::) (':: ~
. 75,'700
5,100
79,900
,
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(, ,00,:
f:.(~ ()
3,20()
rJ , ~':. 'I.".
-.--.-.-. _.. ---.--.-- I 72~, 1 00 'r-;~-~: S(;;---_..~:: 1 \~-;--'-"r--;;~ 51;;- -~4 , 9-0() -----i
j Total I
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~J1cincration 478 2,010 2~)O 4 SO ~,.'; '
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0pen ijurn5 n~: 19() ] ,5 7Ci I
8 , :.; ~~.) 1 ,O[~() , -. ~.
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Total 675 3 ,5 80 8 , 6 30 1,560 575 I
. --,
Industrial 1'1:0CCSS Emissions 202,200 91,900 1'.:1\ 3,500 X;\ .
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933,900 386,600 915,400 I 266,600 I 95, .\00 '
. . Totnls I
- I
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:\r\ = Inform~U on not available or not reported
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'jq', 7 C...",.,:/,,';:" i')
. U 1\..,.\..) 1..:\.\.
AL Li;:,;j 1i.:';1'
[ilL:. jy ,
j',Jrtic- @.:1rbon
,ulates \;onoxice
-------- -
Source
Category
SulfL:r
Oxides
'Tran SpOT t:;1 t i 011
Roi]d Vehi c1es
2,600
N
4;400
535
509,800
IIj,490
Aircraft
;';i trogcn
Oxides
25,400
1,040
:1)'c: :-0-
caroons
46,300
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'- , ~. "":".)
,~::~~:;::us I ~~~ i " ~~~ I:~~ 2, ~:: J , ,,~;
-1--'~0t;:1 -- ---- r-~.2(\;! 6.700 13;~~:10;;-r-~)O~0(1-'-r--~1',~,~;-:
i..n____.._----_._'----'---"'''--~--J..-._,--- _.._--;... -,,---- ---1__.__.n- ___.__L.- ..-....-.__,___1____-- .------
. -,' , - " ,I I
C,():,.DUSl1.0f1.ot l'Ut:lS ,
St
-------
T~th1c 4 ~r::,~\1:Y OF F:.jF.(~rn;~S PJ
l~i::\VEi~ U)LJi',TY, 1 % 'j (TC:,SjYL\l{)
LSl1l ;ur --'~;1~t~-;l-
. Oxides u1ates.
I
. 'I--~-"-I- r
I
1'!i t)"ogcn I
Oxides I
r.
Hydro-
C;1 rhons
Source
Category
Car!.>on
;'!onoxide
Trail ,: p (HZ~: ti on
Road Vehicles
350
620
2,400
4,300
7,000
Other 15 I 40 20 70 45
I----"~~'-;'~-a'~ --:--"'------'------------------1-----350----1---'---~~O-o.--'I--'-7-?-:;o o--i-----:~-~~~~--r--- i~ 00':;-'--" - i
~~----~_.._~-- .- - .-.----------------.... !----.---------- ,-"------'-"-'-,-- --"-----l-'-----"~."---- :'-~._----- ."--.----.
-! ~~~~~:~~,-~~~~~.:~~:~;~~~_:~;s I . I ! ! ! i
I ; i I
i J ~:.; "'.:'~ ~..;.- l:; (;} ~!:~c . :i c,) r~;' :"! .~ , ::-~)O I ..: ~:. ~ c:(',() I 1 ) ~""i('
I I StEam-:olcctric uti!. 0" o. I 0 i
t Rc~;idcntial 4,3.30 2,6W! 2,6::;0! 890 I
, ) c -r....,'.. ....' ....' I -,.; , ,', , , ,I 1 (") I I ''''' , ) I
I ~:cl:;,::::)',:j~l. \f -c".:'cJ.",~lO..,:.l, i 1,"';(. J,,,;';;' \. :, ,::;, ~,L':'; i
I -r r'n CM' I I .,r ")00 I
! 170,~.t)J 13,200 ,.,
20 10
I Open Burning 25
r~~~~al 45 --r-'----~~o----T-~~ 70----I'--~;;--i . 75 --I
J' Industrial process-~~~~~~--! 14,200 T 2l,5~~--r-NA--T- t\A r-~\iA --'HI
I TOl:_~1) S ---- -~_._-- '~I- 18~~~OO--l_73~'~~. r~ $1 ~~'oo -[~o ,~0~-_I--_~~-5.0Q ~.~~-,
.
o
540
9.)8
.,. , r,,.,.
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I
NA = 'Information not availahle or not reported
-. .._,~.~ - -- -_.. .
-- .._- .,.--..
"
- -. -. -..
.-
, . .
, .
-------
.'
Tablc 5 S[I~;'!!\RY OF E~.!ISSro:JS IN
\',':\SHIPJGTON COU!\TY, 1% 7 UO;';SjYEAR)
Source l-~~~fl,}.-r P:~T.ti('- J C:n:bon :':itrOf:Cl: I 11::::':-
Category Oxides 1 ulates I ;'.:onoxide Oxides' I ca:-~'0:'.S i
Tr~::~o::~:~~~s -- 5:- - 1 , 90:-r:O , 7=- 5,600 I 9,20:< -1
OtJlCr N . ~'. I\~ N I ~; I
Total 500 I 1, gap-jIDo, 700 . 5,600 I 9, 2L10 i
If! I
I---~:n)i':::~ t i~~;~-;~'--Fuc l~--------~T--'- "---'--r----------"l--,,,o--------r----':--------;
I (..t. "....... ,,-.. ... r"7'" ..~... I I I' I :
.,' ..~..-~ -~:""_.c.;.s.: :;"'i..._....~ I i I 'I i i
- 1..,1;,,;(-,-,,- . . I J£)>;; .-1[,.) ! 3n C'''''i i (11() I ,1] (\on ! .., ~ -~ :
I .. I ~ ..... ". I .,./ t T .' . .. -. : ~."~ , ".!.' ,',.,. ,". . "- . -
i I! i i
f :::':':~i~:~1-i'lr:c~;.'-jc Ut~11. i 7Ci~:~(1e .;I.-'~;::'-: ::::70; ~.1)~~~"~.1
I Iksidontiol I 7,2(,Q i '1,430 I ,1,'-00 i I,OGD ,
. .1 Cc::u:,crcial {; Instit.utional.1 8,600 I 2,170 I 10,,100 I 1,810 ','
I, I.
rO-----#_-----'----'---'----------1-- -'-'- -!-------'----r---'''''---.--i'
1__-2yti:!1 2:'S,7L:u . ~;7,FJU \ ::;l,~:[)"i ';~),(;no;
.r ,,' V' 1 I
'"::: n:::~::' 2: 1:~ 11 ,os~ 13:! 1; (cn
, Total 30 --.-, 225 - 1,055 140 i (:;!
'fl" Indust.rial I'roco$$ E~i-~ NA -r" r;A -1--- NA--~-1-- NA ! 1;,:" --I
.L~otals 256,200 1 S9:!~~J 1~3~~00 [85.300 .L_1",;~~=:
~: .:'
.... .... .... .-
, .. . .
5 ,,~ .'
N = ;\0,'lidb1c
Co <:">.
NA = InfoT;:\atio:1 not avai l{1t) 10 or not reported
...
0--- --. --..-.--.---.. -..
.'
-------
'i';:~) ].,~ 6 ::L1!. ~\L'\~~\" C)F
E~.~r~:s.rn~:::; I!-':
1"E-C,"'\It'I';'FI,."r) CO' :""'V 1C"!G-' ('['(")'."('/\'[.' R)
,\ \..l..\.JJ.&,...~.\.\~ U1\I.l, ,-' / 1"_'.1. J\
I
I
11y<11'o- I
cn rb ons
I
-I
I
I
I
800 1,200 145,500 S,100 13,200!
N .,j NT N N I
0-::::('1: \
!, . I I, !
/--..--... .--' -.-------------..-- -- -'--'--'--" r---'----~---"-"",------_...-i---------l-.--------~
1_- --~~o_~,~_:,-_._----_.__.._------L--~~Oh.t_-_1, 2~~-1-.1"~~_50.0 j 8..10..0. ~:;, ::00 ;
..j CO:;lhu:,tloil of hiCL-. I . i Ii I'
j ~) t;; U (,;; ~~ r:, :: c ;-~ :- ,:; :: .; I I I I
\ :~~::~:~~:j~ectl'iC U!il. I ;~::~~ 1::~~~! '2,,:~~~. I :~:~~~ i .~~~
r ~;~,,),~~';:~ ;'\ k"Hu'i,,"d I. 1~ :~~~ : ~;: :~~ I :: ~~~ I J , :~~ i 1, 2~~
j- 1~~~- I~-I ;J,800 I---;-;~o-r- 25,90D '-;;;;--i
i - Refus-~ Disposal --l' rl ---.- '---- .1--. ~I'~ --j
I . '. I
I'~::;~:::~:~: ------,_~~-L~2~.. 1,97~ -- .2S~ __J1:.1
. ...:-~~t~- . -...,' 50 1.- 37~._J. 1,970 - 255 L__~~- \
'. . Indu~t~'ia~)rOCc~~:m~ssion~.~_~~~_J._~~5~~--L~~~A ___1 NA .__L__N!~- \
_~Tot~l~- . _J~9~~~.J- 35,40.0 J__160'~~~_J_-- 34',30.0 ..___l_~20.~_!
Source ~- SUlfu;---T-- Partic-
.-_._._cat~gor:~_.' ..1.- OXideS-4- ulatc~,
, 'l'rans,Ijortation I
ROCJ.d Vehicles
Carbon
r~onoxi de
Nitrogen
Oxides
NA == lnfol'nation not available or not rc:pol,tcd
. . -. ---- .
....,
- . "-- -... -- ....
--.. - ._-
." '____h...- - ...
.-. ..
!,
-------
E~lISSIONS BY CATEGORY
-
For the :r;:.:::.'poses of compi ling the basic clCJta and emission
estimatc~, th(~ :lir po] lutant sourccs h'cre classi ficd into the
following four' categories:
Fuel cOli:in.lstion in station~n'y sources
1.
2.
3.
4.
'l:ransporta t iOI1
Solid-~aste disposal
Indu:.;trial proc\.'ss losses
Fuel ~ombustion in Stationary Sources
!\ltho~'!gh 211 of
thc~ three ::I:.!jor fuels aTe CO;1SUI1lCc!
\.:ithin
the Study' Area> coal is the most significant.
As sho'.m in T;:'cb 1e
i -
;
7 approximately 35 l!iil1ioll tons of coal (15 milliun tOllS for coke
production), .1.7~) :nLl1:io!1 (:::llrm::; of fuel oil, :l1.1li 225 billion
. .
c:u1)ic feet of rJi.Hural g~1S were consumed in the Study Area.
Ti1e
brC8kdo\\'11 of fuel consumption by user category and by jurisdiction
is 5hOl-:n in this sai'1C ta1:>1e.
i
i .
The seven steaE1-clectr.lc gencrating plants \.;i thin
the S :::'ldy
, .
~
A1'o2.. consUlncd 22 pCJ~ccnt of the total cOc1.1 t.ti1i::c-d br all
SGLll-CC:S.
Industry is the ot]101' p1'lm~ user of coal consuming 74 percent of
the total.
Fuel oil is consumed mainly in industrial operations (75
percent) and for residential heating purposes
(13 percent).
I . .
,
i
i
I
~ ~
Industrial sou~ces consume 40 percent of the natural gas in
the Study Area; residential heating 45 percent: aDd commcrcia~
and institutional 15 percent.
Natural
gas
is not utili.ied in the
steam-electric geJ1(~L~ti1ig plants.
Approximately 85 percent of the dwelling units in the Study
Arca use gas as the heating fuel
(Table S).
Coa 1 \vas used in 11
percent and fuel oil tj percent of the tot:'i1 dwelling units. Clese
to 100 perccnt'of t.he residences in the urbanized portion of the
,1 "-
:: .
I ~
i
i .
. -r- ".._',-,;,""~or-;c.,~,
-------
~===-
.'
Table 7
~.. .-
.;\r~i.iur..L FUEL ~G. '~;;::;~'~-:~IOr~ Iii
f}l',r, I''-IC"'( S:::-'DI'II~IO:"- 01:." 'r'j:::
'v.. Y t' . ." 'v , I , ,) " I I r ...
PITTC-P:li'i-1' <:'T>wy [.r:!::'\ 10::7
...'l"j.\....I..;:.~~~...;.:~:.:.~~~~.~---==-.~.,_.-
-~--T'---'----
1-1.121
...
CO;;.l ~
tonslye.ar'
i
,
,
I
]----.-
! r",-,! l..,,;1
I ,,"... . I I
I ~ r ":: ... - -;- / I'r-," r
I' '- . '- '.".. - j,:;.a
I
I
1'---~----
I .
I F(::. :',~-i 11 ion
I C'.;,.: r ':-r"~:'I'\!ear
1_., t - f "..... I.. J
I
i
I
L___-
Jtn~i sai cti on
I
I-
I
I
. I
i
Allegheny Csuntj,
f3 :~~ o. '': c: reo ~.Hl ~.Y
!'!~s}1in~.ton County
'/:~stl~:8\,"'c;la~c.! County
TOT!\LS .
..
I
I
Stct:"::....~;lc~::trl C
I nciu:; try
p'; ,:..i Jcs
232, '.'::'J
Totals
--.- -'-'--------1
3, ;::;0 , C')!J I
I
I
I
I
I
. i
---.,--..----...-.,[ .
i'
. I
I
16 f:n:" G,",\(. '"
, . ',/ .I, ...;,_1
3,nO,OC:o
4, (~t::.), o:~:;
1 ,65:i,O~Jq
25~800,OGO
3 ., ~'. '"",' 'J ) f;~ :~J
.. : -~ r";:""1
.. I: ~ I.,",. ~.I
I ~ ;";;:; ,CU8
~ -")
I il-
33. 1 oq
73,OG~j
15, 20D 2~-;r)
n,GGO 1,1}.O
11..1 qt>,"} 1 (:"1("". !
,....,. -: , .... \,j\.- J ' ~ ..: '.. .J f
..--Ir-- _..~
4Q,30~.) --- II'
27,00,\ ---
9 , 3:~/ '! - - - .
.. -, f.'~" I
I.), ; '.!\; I
.-.-=--J
.r\llG'~Ji~lr:nJ! Ccanty
Becr/Q{" C(}un'1..:y .
!.I;'1~ (',; !~r: :'0' " Count.,
.J<.J.;:) f J .;~~ t..'~ ..' I Jj
\'!cs t!~10)"'2'] and County
TOT/\LS
,.~ i 1 egheny County
22ave;'" Count~1
~'lt1shinqtcn County
\""'~-'-P'''':'('l_'''=::J! Co,;:"{'y'
,......,:) l ';1..11 - I C',:I.,- L.:t! \.0
TO T i'.L. S
't'o: 1:).:' '~'.~ ,::(:0
CO;}:; U171CQ
for co~c,rroduction
-I or. ~ /"A::- \~
~. t.' J \- ...',.
" .
~o ,OQ()
f
- I
Res id:::nti a 1
96,0':0 " .1
- ,1'"\,"",1 -
106,,), 'r)
180, Ci':;)
'245,0.::)
627,OGO
10,9,:)0 '
6,100
3,2)0 'j
12 , 1 no i
33,OCiQ
76,700
7,5()O
5 ~/1CO
11,2:::0
100,800
\
, .
, ..
. ,
':'J
i
,
i
I
I
I
..I
!
20 ,/1.7t~:, no~] f
I .1 ,~.I": n""'" I
r, '.11_.. :. ,,)J J .
('> "" fI'~'" I
8, '..',., S ,;'.: d t
I 2 r:'1" nfv'" i
, ......:- L , v.J I.} t
3,... n(.'-[ n""- I
.:), J',}..' ,'...il"J t
Co:;;;":: r'ci ~~ 1 &
Insti tu ::1 ona'
'l.S3:~J):J
:-:. ': 1 ,:" ,~J
EO ~ (':~:)
709, (")0
3, i GO
i ,/ :.0
1 ,'j ;)0
3 ,'~ ::.0
9,'::.::)
26, (,:JO
2,C]nO
1 , I :,j]
3, ',:10
34,3JO
47,300 '
85 , 8G~~!
~:;J ,i~CjD
".- """r ,,,",
t: :.' ,.J /';
17r.,.9CJ
143,OOtJ
37,400
1 ~ -,'".,
f.: )': t}.)
,:,..... ''}r):,
t- t,' , ..II.... '-'
225,OCO :
-------
. .
..~ -
Table 8
.
~
.
.
Sur.WARY OF DmlESTIC IIEi\TI;-.iG BY NUI'1!3ER OF
m\'ELLING UNITS IN PITrS:;tn:Cil STUDY AREA, 1967
j---.---
Typ8 Fuel
AHcghcny
County
Wash in~;ton
C()~mty
BC:1ver
County
---_.>
Coal
13,400
13,700
14,400
Fuel Oil
5,490
3,500
9,620
\.
I
; .
I ~;:.::i.L':::y
! --:---_.~
i Totals
L -_.-
. I
I
G:1S ;
474,500
47,200
45,200
497,520
67,090
62,400
Table 9
.-
_Ii ---~'\'es ~-~:!orc land
County.
!
\
I
I
st;udy
Ar.ea
Percent
of total
--;--.---
I
i
I
I
\
f
;.---....
I
I
I
37, ()OO
79,100
10.7
29,310
4.0
10,700
631,60C
85.3
64,700
113,COO
740,010
100.0
.-----.---
.-----
SULFUR l\ND. ilSH CO~n.'E!':T OF
FUELS, 1967
FUEL
% Sulfur
_.
% Ash
. Coal
2.1
9.7
Residual Fuel Oil
1. 25
Distillate Fuel Oil
0.23
Niltural Gas
0.0008
.. I
-------
Study Arc:l are served by natural gas.
The outlying areas are
partially heated by distillate fuel oil and coal as well as natural
gas,
!\vt>Tagc
values fO:f 'l.l1(; sulfur ,'lid ash contents of the fuels
used
in the Stud)' Arc;! ~:rc sUIi11i!arizcd
. l' bl 9 5,6
1n a c .
Emissions f!'om Fuel Combustion
. .......-......-.... ....,
Air pollutant emissions resulting from fuel combustion in
stationary sonrces are listed in Table 10,
The emissions are pre-
sc'nted for industrial, steam-electric utility, residential, and
c.:()];~!;l31.~cia 1
and institutj G;12.1 SOl1n:cs.
Coa 1. account~ faT
-------
T~hlc 10 .\I~~ POLLt.nX.:T E~-:lS:;I\Y'::; FI~O:!
CO~mU~TI():: (IJ: FUELS J;\! STATIO:\!\!{Y SOlmCES
IN PI'nSnUI.;O! STUDY AnEA, 1967 (TO;.;S/YEAR)
Fucl
I ~;uJ fUT
I
User Category I (hides
Industrj al 1 .133,400
Stri~m-EJectric 235,500
Residential 25,200
1';,1't; c- I C'~ ~;i tro~;en I ; ~y(:~,"o-
... OA:.. .,
.cd..en
ulatcs 'I t,!onox:i.dc Oxides C~ r~1 or:;
125,:100 15,700 109 ,300 6,000
130,200 1,900 76,400 sn("~
15,300 15,800 3,150 3,1(1"
Coal
- ,
ComrilCrci~l Cr , '
Ij:~;t:itn'~jo:1;..:1 2S,3~'() S,::OC 2t1,7nn: 2,840 4,0C:-' !
I h:Ca I----t-n~~;o~t-2-79 ,;~~~I-;~;,:-~~I-J 91 ,-;-o-;j--J~~, Sf)" 1
I__._.-.__._..._._~_. ----------l-._-_...__....__'._n".~"----'_.--r-'-----'._-.__1_-. ._---- ---- -..---------. ..:
- I 'Fucl Oj1lrndustl'i::l I 1,(J70 i 170 i ,]0 I 730 I F i
I' '\ ' r ,H ,! ' . ,- i If)''': II', -r 'I" :
,t...-:.~-._.'.II'.~,..."-"".~c: 1 "..,. ", I t
j I !~C:~':~C;~:.~;:~I., ~~~ I l~O .. :~O I I;'); 5'=;,
. I Cor'i:1crci ~~ 1 & I !
, -f Jnsti tut:ional ] ,::,'~O I 220 N 330 ~~ :
t I f I I :
.I_:__~ I-:~~---=r ;~i;-r---~~~L~--- 'IO]-;-~OO ---~-C~-J
I Gas Industrial. 10 ' 810' ]0' ~'),()20 " I
Steam-Electric
o
20
o
o 0 0
20 5, SSO ..
Residential
955
CO~r.!erci;11 &
lnsti tution~1
5
,330
5
\'
.,
------
1,990 I
_~___~5 ,-~~~~ I ' 35 ,17, 'i(,O L N
72(J,1_00 _L 201~800 _1_-=.8,]~~~_L2]~,:;(~--~-~~,~,,~,:,-
.c
Total
-I
Gr
-------
; ,
.
!
:, .
J ,--"'"
1 .
Ii
I
! .
;
i
I
,I
j
.'
.J
,!
. f
i
j
;
.;
"
,
~
,I
!j
.~
j
j .
j .
, -
~ .
,
; .
; .
Coal consumption data in the four county area \Vas obtained
throl1£"h personal cont2ct \'lith tlw N~tiona] Co::ll Associution. 8
R~sidential coal by county was found from the number of dwelling
un i t~; !) .'; j 1:: :
Ct:~~] ~~nt:: the
to~:::tJ
11\ 1:T'hcy of de ;2~:CC day s for the a rcn .
This.met.hod is described' in detail in the Rapid Survey Technique
C)
publication. .
Transpoi~~tj on
r~Ol]J.~ types
of t~::~:~~~pCiTt::tt j or:
sources of air pollution are
consi:dereel in this survey - roael vehicles, aircraft, vessels and
railroads.
Road vehicles which are by far the most significant
source of
cutegory ;)J'c: further s\lbdid.dL'cl
air l)olJu-:::i.o~l :in ~.>his
2.cco:rd~. :-:~~
of .f11C 1 -
~;~IS()J i n~
or (lj C' ~~ c 1 .
tot Yi..' e
RO:iLl
\. (, h :i. \.: } \.~ ~.;
The miles of tl'BV81 by 1::otOT vc,hicles in
. ,
. , I. 1" bl 1] 10
summarlzec 1n a e ..
t}1C St1_:dy .-\:rca a'l"('
Vehicle mile d~!ta for majoJ: art.erials
~nd high~ays was obtained
:f'rom a trcmsport<:t:i.on study pe1'rorl1ic.d
by the Pennsylvania ~tate Highway Department for I96~.
Throl.:gh
the Resean:h Divi sion of the
Pennsylvania State liigh',::l::
Dcp~ ~.t.::~': 7~ t
estimates'were made in order to include the traffic on secondary
and rural roads in each county.
The 1964 data was updated to
1967 by the increase in vehicle registrations.
The vehicle miles
were apportioned onto grids by traffic flow maps provided by tIle
Hig1111ay Dcmutment.
. - ,
Road vehi~les accounted for 87 percent of th~ sulfur oxi~es;
75 pertent of the particulates; 98 percent_of the carbon monoxiJe;
91 percent of the nitrogen oxides; and 95 percent of the hydro-
carbons from all tr:::nsportation sources Crable 12). Gasoline pOh'crecl
road vehicles contributed a greater percentage of all pollutants
than diesel pOl.:ered road vehicles.
. ,
..- "
-------
.,
.
.
Table
) 1 VEHICLE f1ILES OF TRJ\VEL
FOP. EJi\D V;:HI CllS HI STUDY
AREA PER DAY, 1967
, --..- .-.,---------....-.---- -
J ~_._-_.:::_..- ..,-~-_. .. ..._,._~.- ------......-.-----:-.--.-......- "-----'-'''---'' '------'--'-'..-.-.-.------.......-----
Vehi c" e i.1n QS
----.----,.---.-. ..---- .-.---
- Type I~'r)
---~--_._----~._-----_._~_.._-_._-_.
-----
~-_._---_.- _.
Source
Su1 fur.
Oxides
Nitroge.n
Oxides
Partic-
ulates
Cal-bon
t'ionox; de
--
---- --
Road Vehicles
4,300 7,000 833,'7UO 46,4UO
3,280 4,340 831 JOO 40,900
.1,000 2,700 1,,500 5.5100 .
Neg. 535 14,490 1 , O.~O
r!eg. ~.75 670 I 3£;5
f ~e~. GO 13, (\20 G~;5
520 i , ~ 30 780 2,890
130 360 200 730
I
I
I 4,900 r 9,300. i- 848, 7~J .51,000
,-- ,.----l
.
Gasoline
Dl(~s(11
l\ i rCi"irft
Jc:t
P-iston.
Ru.-i 1 rot: d
Vcss(~ls
TOT/.LS
~_._--,,_....-.
---
Hydrocarbons I
I
----
75;700
72,30i]
3,.400
.2,9'15
~)i:.j:)
2)5~~G
1,770
411,5
79,900
-------
.,
, ,
.
.
Aircraft
T~1Llc
13 sho\~s the air traffic ',ictivity at the t\.;o largest
airports in the Study Area.
Toial aircraft operations were supplied
by
"L h....~ i \.-,.;~,'r~~ 1 ",,~'i:l'~~; C:~'l .:':.~' :.1 11:1. sl":,':: t :i.~::'!. J .1
_\11 OpcT';":tion
is c1cfinc..:!
as ci theT a t:'f-,coff 0:' a L:nding.
The breakdc~n of all flights at each airport by engine-type
is 51101"11 in Table 14. A flight is defined as a combination of a
]{l])cHng and a Ud:eoff.
The values in these tables are reported to
.'
as many as five significant figures but should be C011sidcred accura~2
to no more than tKO.
Aircraft accounted for less than 6 percent of
th::' total
cnissh:ns ~CO}'
;in\' :)oJlutant.
trc:ns ~)ort,: t:i. 0]\
Railroads and Vc~sels
H~-lilY0(-1d::; Ct,nSt;.;-:~C ~lbout 26 r:;i]'li:.n g::11i)~1s of dieseJ
rue J pee'
yc::"".. r
. . - ,
.1 j: tn(~ .')'Cl..~~;.'
,-'.l':: :.~1 }~:~(: r}'c:::~ rY.(
1,; .:,:;... :.:
-.' .,.. -
.1."': ~.!,.. .:. - .
:'-. r~:~-: .
"t.., "
\rayjoL!5 railroads in the Stl!d)r Area. Rj.ver vesscJ.s COnSUTIle SbOllt
12 '
7 :r.j lhan gallons, of diesel fuel pe-:.' YC<,l', The air pollut2.;1t
C,;:. ';, ~"~; ~:.. C): 1 S
~~ 1." ~. ; 1. ; ': ;:
rTC'::-;
T:Li.l.r('\~~l.l ~.;;(: ','." .:~~ ~_'Il SC:1:'CC'S
[~ 1'0
in~~ i?i1~ fi.C3:~-:
(
\
\,'hen compared to other transpon:ation sources.
Solid \':ast'e D~sposal
Approximately 2.1 million tbns of refuse \,'ere generated ell1~'ing
]967 in the Study Area. This "'as determined by assuming a per
13
capi Ul l'eiusc ~i.;n0rati0n r:tte of :~,:.; po~:::.:ls of refuse per d::;,:-'.
T3ble 15 prcs(;n~'s a,solid \.;aste balcu:('(" £0:' t]'c Pittsburgh Stt:d;:
Area,
shOldng the various I'Jcthod:; of disposal and, the quanti tj es
di~rosed of by each n:ethod.
l.andfills account eel for 57 pel'C:c]~:; ;~:..micipClJ incineratio!: 11
percent; open elm',ps 7 percent; on-site incj nerection 11 percC'T\t and
on-sjte open burning S ncrcent of the total refuse disposed,
The
renaining 6 pen:cnt of thr:, total' refuse gene-rated \'.'~1S tnmsferrcd
out of the Study Area.
Figul'C; 5 sn.o:':s
the J oca tion or the V~',l'i 0:1$
,~ . ...+-, --. -, ,
-------
T2b1e, 13
'p.ir Carrier
G?!1cr2..1 Aviation
I ',f.'1i 1i,tary
~'n;'"l ~
J '- ~.' ~.... -. .:::J
!' '
.
AIR TRAFFIC ACTIVITY AT GREATER prrTSBURGH AIRPORT
AND PITTSBURGH ALLEGm';~:IY AIRPORT
FOR eAfiC'.:-JDAR YEI..? 19G 7
. . L,
--.-
~ .
h 'tt' -
P1 sDurcrh-
ItineraDt .'. .=:=J
122
105,629
1,151
J
--.-------------.
p~::.:~ t:..; 'bL1.l:'(1"j": -
I L'-'c" 1 n'V-'1-;l +'1' ron ~
'- c"- 'Jj '-'-_.~ v _.~
C" -
I
Greater
Itinerant Op~rations
145,293
42',956
12,535
16;290
17,087
i
i '
~'}'le 1'1,
Fan- Jet
COY1\,;cntional Jet
T~o Engine Piston
Four ~ngine Piston
1-
I'D~11S
I
"
c:
200,784
r
106,902
73,704
3 3_(, 3 -:: 7
AIR TPJJ.FFIC BY ENGE,TE 'rypE.:
I'
I
i ,
: .
.
A11eqherv
Local. . .
72,606
1,098
Pittsburgh
NL'mber
Greater Pittsburgh
Number of F1iqhts
- .:\11egheny
of Fliqhts
29,059
20,595
50,605
16,822
24
1,019
71,427
17,832
117,081
90 302
-------
,
~ -
.
.
.
.
. ",
. Table. 15 SOLID WASTE I3ALANCE FQl.~ l'ITTSnLH~r.;ij STUDY i\REA, 1967
---
._.
-...._- n
Total Incineration
;
, Refuse
I Generated ~iunicipal On-Site La
c I~)r 1,3~;5,OOO .213,500 229,900
~
185,000 14,400 --
;
:.tcn 181,000 6,600 --
rcl :md 310,000 -- --
!.~~._~.071,()~ 234,500 229,900 1. 1;
----- . -- -
..__.-
::r':~
G
--
!\ 11 C::~;1
f!C;Jvcr
~\! 8.S hi ,'1
\\~CS t!:~~'\
"j 0 l::l
-.------- -
-~-_...__. -
..
.;.11:1" includes only industrial dumping .
dun!ps in
TIle remairling
-1.--}:
'r1:c + sign
refers to transfcrl:cd out of area and the -~;ign :rcr{:)~:, to trillJsfcrred into area.
47
- ----- r:::.: '
n-
Opcn-
Burning
fi lIs Dumps On-Site Transferrc,
Ij,SOO 146,000* 62,000 + 269 , OU~)
:J.' .l00 5,800 26,000 + 39,7()()
5..100 -- 24 ,900 -145,600
~), ~)OO I -- 46,500 - 50,400
.-
2,600 I 151,800 15~; ,400 1 .? .., ",1'
+ .l_,I'.'.
-."--- -.-- - ..
------....--. I ~_..
(,
.J
"C'
L..:
3J
r
.~- -
~ljcghcny County are included in the landfill total.
-------
r"'- .... -.--. -- ..-" ." ,., ';
I 0 I
I 0 I!:
I 0 DO..\ "1
I (JI,EAVi-r: \".....,.q .,_..........._._~.._~.. /~'\
a Ci 0 I ~
~ /~' /
0....
(t/" (> c...".
o \
/" 0 I
. . C' c' r: I
'\., 0 ('J 1',l..l.i~('i':::"lY J
~ r. ~
~ "
c. .'\., t.' ,.-
'" tS 1") /0
, ~ I
6 0-"-' /
0'-, . 0.,
'.... ,~
0" .... I C'I f1
o~>. ,(. (; u /1
.. ,
o ..__.,~./ I
0) G 0 ('
C (
...1.' 0 ,.,--." '
o ',-"----... ../'" G r
c.) ~.,../ "'...
. 0 ~ \..._/
I /''\... (J ~ ,~..
l ....--' ".... "~"""". " \_~!
/--" . .'"
.......... .
I - ""
I
I
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I
I
I
,
I 0
If
I,
i'
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,
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';
\,.,
. ", .~.
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I
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". (:
,,' \. '.-",
. (.
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\
r "'.
o
o
c
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.... I
,
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/
,
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o
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r~' I\SJ;!t'~::;TC);\!
Figure 5.
Solid-waste disposal sites in Pittsburgh Study A~:e3..
~. ,,' .
o
Landfi 11
~
i'-!unicipal
Dump
~ ~~c:::.. nCl';.:.:"::"
o
I
-------
,
I -,...~..
I
9
14
disposal sites throughout the Study Area.
A total of 8,600 tons of carbon monoxide, 3,600 tons of
particulate matter andl,SOO tmls of nitrogen oxides were emitted
from solid v:;:ste dispo~;::} practices in the Study Area (5(;c T;:ble
16) .
Industrial. Process Losses
The resources of the Study Area have been conducive to the
development of many types of heavy industry.
Chief among these
are'p~imary'metalproducts, fabricated metal products, and machinery.
.'
Table 17 sho\-:5 selected m::mufacturing establishments in the area
by county fay 1966.15
It may t'e noted fro!:) the to])] 0::' thJ.t }\J.1c:~f.hcny County <1ccounts
for the
largest slnglc pcrcent8ge of Jh:10St 0'.'(:1";" type of ;;;2.!luf
-------
"" -
. ....
T0hlc 16 J\II~ POLL~rr;\NT J::.:T:;:;TC :::, i:i~;Y\; :. ~Lf[\-i.:t..STE
DISPOSf\L Ii.! AI;~ POLLUT 1. 0;': :~T!jnY ;. :.:,'. ,:S~)~: ('i',,!1S /Y caT)
I
I
----:l=-'::=:-':: =':::::=:. '~-:c.-~---
I .
I C.:.;:.,.) I
P
1,573
Dli::1pS
36
O,,-Sitc
1 {,n
..J '4V
1 t 270
i
1'--
r
!
To;:al
675
3, 5 SO
'J f\
,.
~n
VA
E<
114
97.3
.: 1
J "/
Q
'_I .~ .~, . . .
49::;
303
1. Jd::;
95
( '7~"'; !
)..:' t
I . i
-1-,-,-- ---'''-'- - ',---
, B ;.") ':~', I
L - '.~_.._--_..J
,1CO
575
,
I'
I :'h: i;.i:~s
j '.----.. ---.-'.---
,
.. .
.
.
... . .
I'.", ,."r(~gcn
",,-'n
" f .)
2 :~4
23.~
j ,083
208
Q--
'J I~)
1,560
-------
,
~
i
I
I
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I-~--
I
I
\ '
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!
!
Tt.:3LE . 17
5[LECT[:;
.... -
j.:/\;:Urf\CTURIr.!(; :5~.~\t.: I~;':r.:[;';;':::
~n :~rTT~~51;r::GH 'STi_!)Y
Type of
Es tC1[) 1 i s;';;!!.:-:i1t
t\f:E:''., 1 '}:;;.
-'''~'--'_.-'--'--
'-------:
, I
.
!
I
L
j
I
!-
"'__-'~.""----,-,--,,
I >i:)r~I' of ;':~>tilhl;s;j~cnf::>
,,--..-1.-----.-.- -'-'.----' ._--...
/\ 11 c(,;hcny i i5(:i"';',' I :J,y :'.-i nCJ to:1
I i
2'70 "-I-~~--'lli-"--'"'' 54
J .
18 I ::!. 4
I I
I
I
i
t
. Food and i:i nc:red Products
; TnJnsport.lti 011 Equi pn~2nt
: Instrunonts r i-:elat2d Pt'oducts
,1~p;J;"lrC 1. ~~ ;!.e 11te{: Products
L\m;bcr (I \ioGc~ Product~
Ft.lrniturc & Fixtt~:~cs
P~per B Allied Products'
Print;n~1, Puhl;shin~1
Chr.,'::icClIS ,r:,
i\ll; ec' Products
P~trolcu~ ~ Coal Prod~cts
R.ubbc:r Pi :,lisc~lli1nc~lJs Flastics
Stone, Cl.;1.V ?! Glass Pre:Gijcts
~ V".: "1" -, Y"'I ~ t"') -!. :'":)-"1
I : 1 I! 'l. I J ' ,'.. !...o
P r.oducts
F,;.or; clitcd
~':ctu 1 Products
'.' h'
1-,;1(,,1 nor.';
Totills
14
49
31
3
3
.1 ()
~ 'j '.1
2
23
2
21
8 I
I
!
I
i
I
I
I
, :; !
l,;~~~ ' L
2:\9
73 .
19
..,
,)
27
,3
103
~"}
".)
74
.', ,-
'. :)
235
r, ..,
,:,)
223
2
5
12
15
7
27
if,
2
G
30
15
31
34.
,'- ,
, ,
t ~,,!(::: tn:nrc 1 f;nr:;
: ~
! ---.,-
I
I
I
"7n
IU
/
3
19
32
15
5
51
In
')
L.
J
i
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I
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i
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10::; I
--..'.
t
I
!
7
[1-0
,.,
.: ~ . I
Li0
I
/i('/.l
1 ,5 16
248
$ t u' ~y
,142
37
388
43
.206
157
1'"''''
'-.I :.:r:1
3,~5
2,422
.
.
.
.
I
I
I
.
:
,\ roo l
I
I
i
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i
31
110
76
78
8.)
'or: .
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2G
-------
I:
,
i
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Il
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I.
, :
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,
.,
"
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"
f'.J.!{ PCJLLUTJ\:;T
E;.;ISS.;C:~S
fr~J:'l PP()CCSS
1967 (Tons/YC::ij\,)
..._-._._--~~_",:";" ,..
Ti},Llc: 18
LCJSS SC/)f~C:S
H) TilE PITTS;>l.mG:1 SiUUY /,,;::::,",
.'
--- ._--_._--,._-_..~_.- --- ._~--.,_..__.--.- _...-...----._..~n .~- '. -.-.4.___."--.-"---'.".--. -. .------.-. _'_-n -,"'-.....-.- '----'-'-- --.-
-.---.-'------.--'-----. -_a a..._._--.--.--.....-...-..--..---.--...---.-----.-.--------.-.---.--
Type of Industry
FerrO'lS
r:;r:ta1 C:,£'r2ti:-:ns
t~ OJ \l s t
F; i "('n ~1 C f~~,
U;'iS': C
. .> '"
V;':Y;j(.:n i~ i t;L'LS
0i)e:l-}~ca~th Fu}-naccs
Electric Arc Fu~naces
I
\
S'i n~~~}"'; ;';~] Fl ~:}I):S
Cupo 1 a Furnaces
Ly-Product,Coke Ovens
f1on-t 1:::ta 11 urgi ca 1
Ce;;:2nt P1 i',nts
I\$ph~\ 1 t P1 c1nts
SO.,.
/\
:,-:)0 .
194,000
7,880
PART.
"0
I. X
1 0 ,::~,JO
'I ~:~ ~:()
15~300
3,60a
13 ,C ',.":'
1 ~~.~::
2,300
26,:>00
15,308
1 ,950
coo
~~__.Q_~~e r -----~--_._-------------_._------------~_.?.' 09.9...-____.-----
TOT i\L
'- '._--------~-'--_.
202,200
-------_._----'----"--~-
. . -':. ''''-, ,.".,,"'..,.=
91 ,9.00
3,500 '
. -.---.-------.-..-
, ,
,.
-------
I'
. '.
".
.-
. .
f
\
;;
,
..
identifjed by SOUTce category, grid number and horizontal and
vertical coordinates.
Figure 6, shO\'is the location of all major
point sources in the Study j\n~a. The point sources are presented.
in Tablc 19, al01J.'~ \\:Lth emissions for the five pollutants fo:' ~cn
aveT',l~l: anrln~~l, \';.i.1~lcr and
The appendix presents
St.11I1ii"1(';I' d~:.'.
the method for calculating these three averages.
The emissions for area sources on the annual, \\'inter and
sunimcr 1xl.Sc~ are shcJ\'!:1
in Table 20.
The calculation of these
avcT;agcs is similar to that pl'c'sented in the appendix for point
. . ,
source:::; .
E~IISSION DENSITIES BY GRID
E1;.i:~s'~c:n <1: '~::";;~' .1.c.~; ('.:1 t~: '.1'.:.d b~_:.:.~.~~ ::("r::~ 0:.1':0:"'.= :~!.::,< 1_,~. ~~:..: ..::" .
the anr:i.:a 1 :.irc« ~:nd POi:lt sO:,l::'CC
e::ii~:sio~l~"~ EC;'i.~ '~~:':l,.:t.! :-,4'~.i d.
1:: ~ ~
total, divided by the grid area, gives an eli1ission density in tons
pcr 5quar~ mile per riverage day.
Fir:ures
7 thl'ough 11 prcse:1t
the emission density nwps ior the fi\'c sur\'eyed Folltltant~.
The emission clensi ty. map~; for 5111 fur oxides, nitrogen oxides
and particulates ~;hoh' that the highest density grids are ioc:.1ted
along the river valleys. This \;,ould be expected since all of the
largest industries are located along the river valley. Also they
shaH that Alleghcny County has the greatest emissions of all foul'
counties.
1be emission density maps for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon
sho.,.; that the greatest c;,\issions .occur around the center of
. AllcBheny COUllty.
Since transportation sources are .by far t~e
biggest single source of these h'o polJutants, it would see:~.
logical that at and near the city ofPitt$burgh carbon monoxide
and hydl'ocarbon c!:lissions. should be' the highest.
J
-------
I ----
I
I
I
,.
. '
\-- .- -.---. - _.- .., ..- '\
452.0000 1-'- -----~'- \" A'
, riEf\\'~:rI-'- ..-:... ,.. -." I~
1:-- ---- --- \ I
, . l' .:. 1--- no'- ,., ---'--" -C::',
4500°00 \1-C---'y--.J-'r.:.-1. r--~'--'I~~
-" __~=)r\"'-~'r'~~\'~~-,--\I.~:Cd. \.J .
\ \. " ,., : i I. f.,1
I !....... ,.' /\ '. r---\-~'\---\ -'~r---r--"\ \I \ \.\.. '
I II I" \ 'I \A : ,;;' I - .....' (. ""'''1''-'-'---'---''''--'
I. ,;";f,;000D ti;" i \, "'TT'\",;:..;.':'x:-;r-~-' , . -- \)., ,
I ,. "" t---i --- r-o l"~';.\; "*~,'~1 r\ \ ',. "\.. )" '!
. I ' l-j~_I..., .-. J~_.J)_:~__i""!'.-i .' \,. '0'" ;'
. It: -,- "'-U.LLJ. L'J. ! I " ~ A \. Lt'~'
I' i 'n. I : \ ,,:.~ ; /. I X I .
fI I \ ~ -- I ' ',. ", ' l . ...,,, ---...- .-'
;W:,Ooo~ r '''I-----? _':0,. 'Zt ,- \. )--c.-.-.; '-j~":~'~':;' ~.; II, ~\ - . / i
. 111- '. 0 \'
-------
.
.--:~. ....~.
'.
N
I-----~ -I
4520°00 I----r.~~~c-"" I
I 1-::: ~"'.:'. I
t~~\;:\< i I
,,:..?' ;~..<'-:,::,'. - >~"'>;'C<.;~? \
~I. (;«~:~. ?)?":..x: :': ~ )
C-..,.,.,:, """:" i-- - ---~---./"'"\.
"~'~!';?';".; .~'~:~(. '..:\. , , _..,--:-.-- (.u._~ ~.,... ..~-~~::-:-
4500000 l~,'~:;'...i -' ",' '~~i%?~;(V~//7~T,~?0:'-;~:)'~:';' '''','1
. t'/'" . ~2/,{//8r ,«..)
;~~:~~i~-,J:';~'..:~:/.ff~~~' ""::t
I t--( (. . ..--.' """.'-":'~;'~'/\;-"'-'"~c:.:'-:"- --....-,
41;GOoOO ~:=_::;;,:,;):„:?, ,"".";«~' '. '.'
I ~),:, ,:-:",
i--'--~"~,y,,, .'" . -,"',/:/":::..:::;',' ,vi?' , ..., ' ,
1 ~.~F~,>~~~;-:,:{,-:.>~::.~~?,~':'::::::: ~0;~; '. ".- . ".' ,', '/:"'7,', . .-." ~~~~~~-,-~~,v'--'-'-"~i - -~.
.4460000+'----R~~))(,)~;-:~,::<,>. .;s~~?~~. /%t'~!~/0';<;>:;;~~/0://~";';:;[ST:;O!;ELt~;:D t //:
t,?,'N";""""'" /.>Yh ////////////1 I
I :'''~.', ,., ," ."-;' 1'/ / ,~/., / //., / /./, .!
\ II' \~~~i~i~~~'i~:"~~~'~~<;S.~: /J;;~.<':/ / /-%'~/::~/ "~/~:;~~~~/%/ / ~;a !.: I
""">(~~;,:. ,,.:"X,. "', / ~ /. / /'//, {ijk I I
I ..~.st~~Si>::q~:~ ' -"v_._.~-"i.;,~ ,'. -~ _L.'~:~-L/~~~1~ - -(;: --;:,::'"
401~OOOO .----- /"<'''h':'K:A''J''''''''~r \>, ",',': 610000 ....,r,,; 630000 '" 650u",-, ld
II \\1' 5'jII"""""1 » ' '", \ I
I ','f\ r i~JltJ; )(...':~,~~;! \.,--
. '. ~--1--'-/'-----J"-"~I"'J~:2~"~>i1
. 4420000 L:~L_----. ~_.---:-
550000 570?OO, 59°°00
'f!
"
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SOx Tm~s ~ER AVERAGE OJl.Y PER SOU.:.,,:; ': , :;
'L_J
~~,- -'J
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-.,-..
~%??~;
t:;;",,,;~::..... .,.:.... ... ~
< 0.01
0.01 - 0.1
0.1 - 0.2
c'..,
l]:;;. ~', .:]
.~~" .' ,. .'
"'~~":-':"-,--,
0.2 - 0.5
, 0.5 - 2.0
~
o WO:.. 20.,;:;)
r: - ~':.:.'~:~.-: :-::::'-""'::'j
.I
t.;
_'''''''''.J---..._J
2.0 - 37.0
ki I(ini':;~{;i S
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7. :~l~i;',t,'
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. 'I
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r-- -'-,----.' ---,'-' .-- '\
4520°00 i-mWTY;"-::',,:': :
!:~~,r~'~,;,:;b:BXll.- - -- -'. - - -'- -, j~
4500000 . '..,,:,., ,-:~~:: ~.',-~~., ','" c'. \ 'J.;~1/77777 7;7 / /::~X"'Y'-:T.,rf~~7/)~0]
t~~~~l i::::<: (';~~:I~~;:~1?i~%~~>::r:,,~%
.~ .~~ ". :'~ L:~:..... ", "../":'////.'~':':"~~//.~'~"'" . ",>//,C.'. ,.. .. '
550000 570000 590000 [- J < 0,01
lZtZ;J
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'>::::>?,::':)~::/: ::::
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0.01-.0,1
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0.1 - 0.2
f':-"~ '."']
f9?~~T;:~j
0.2 - 0,5
0.5 - 1.0
o f,OOO
20,OO()
, .
C:::.C.::~-:::~::3
$
r
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'1
1.0 - 8,5
kilom,,\e!5
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t:i9~rre (~ .
PZ::.;~GuL~t:~ c;:lis2!On r~::I::~it'i
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,
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~~"~":~jl:;~st \ Ii
I 'i :- - - _n ...- - -::-_~.:::-r, - . .-"\1
4500000 ~'---l..'Bi.::;[:::::;:':~-, ;;;,::~;:~---..~ '
"~,~-1 ~'" !';?}\)\f> ~':.: "'"_",,,~,; , ""'"<~:(/1
(.L-. '~:'I" ------' I'" ,:-::::;:, ',"" ,;;'~. "~> /;j)' ,
" /';'- ",",' "" ,::::::::, ',"'.',.,' "'-,'~<';~/@2~<~-<>~ \.
11---. - 1--( .\ .-:. ,'", --,:_~ --, i2:'>~:~<:~ " , ':~'~~~?<:';:<:";7"7»)ll"'~>"777--' -------'1
4t.80.000 f-~"7'.--F"F/'\" , ' ',','",',',',',',',',','.." ," /..> /: ,'," /' . ~ '
- ~ ,U ):f::«1:;';;?:<, "<:"~';UY(tU,: /:;~/~~;<,>;,:;) ~,--- '\ ; "
t. /-:///.. / //, / ' " " ' .. . .. , .. .. .. .. .. ' .. .. ',. / //// //' / ' /' , . " .../ )
~i:L~?~;:;;f;~' '~~:'.0;~<:,!i~~~ 1,.- /
:. .Ii__- .I~~[t~~j:!;... ..,..'.'... ...;':)S'...~~?1;1-n --.' Ii
,4460000: J::"\'\\:\l'.}"".':"':.'~~;...!"!..............!.0~j~fi[~ /' i
. !-- \:'[;.......'..'.\.:..'.' ,,'-};';~i:![:,::"'i._p/ J
. . ,r] ..J.---:_.--.:..J CO TONS PER AVERAGE DAY"," SOlll.'" I..".E
41:20000 -----
i 550000 S70000 590000' I I 0.0,- 0.2
~tm
FIEEl
"
0.2 - 0.5
0.5 - 1.0
,.......~.......,
\ 'i
. .-.. -.' .~'4
1.0 - 2.0
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g;i~S81
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2.0 - 3.0
~ .
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B~J\ V :-"[::"')
: f(~;-;~~:: ';'~~~ ,~- - -- - '-- r,
I "'." ....' ""'"'.,,' - ._, ,
4500000, ,.- ;z..,~~~. . ;'" :(.. \1 1. { ...
." ~,---- Ii,.,: .".,.:".".,::...,.,~,:,..,',.,',:.~,..:.':'f~::tr.'..:r',,'.,.',.,.,',..~,'i~', i"I'.fr..'::"'.; "'/C\' ';',\,',.,.,\.',\,\,.,.,-..,.,!.J,~...i,.,~,.,\,,\.',:,\.1,-,:,.,',:,~..:.:'.1:,.-,
I, I / f"""""""""'", ""'" ", n"'"',',',",',',',',',','"""",,, ;
I: 1,'>';" ;1\'i6~;:%;!c;' ~~7-,n~'--'"""";d''';'1 I I
r'--I"."':'" :'.' ~>::'<'. .>/.J,::,: "/j///~/~><~~/ /~:./;i I.
! !':::'::'.:.; .."'.:".\.:.::',q .:;~'":,, ~ : /~4'://"'" '
'! I '",., I v-
. ~- ..--/'--i"-..~./\..v..:-_._'_J
. 44/0ooL~L____I__J
550000 570000 590000
/'i4S:)~"'OU
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"
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I' ~'_.'
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..., . '... .,.
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. .........,
. . .' . . . . .
. . . - .
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-, ..'" -. '.
.'......", ""
. ,. -, - . . . .
. . . , .. .. .
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. . . . . . .. .'..,
.,. "" -......
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. ~'- .'~
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.
678000 I
NOx TONS PER AVERAGE DAY PEr; SCUARE ~.!lL[
.
L~
177';;;.1
rL/.LLLA
ElLG
E~_:'~:'J
..
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.1
0.2
"
0.2
0.3
,
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,
. ~,..~--...-J
f5;~:~~:,~--;::
IL.:::', .~.~
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o 50,'(, :70,(\(10 I
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ki lo:np.ters
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-------
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4520000 r--- ::::::::;::::'::::~':"/// r1 I
~ L-- t;~~!!!';/i~ i_~
00000 1~7~)mDL:;:;M.L_- - ~~- _.~::::-- - -:-r '\
45 '~~~. b(:\))::::;?<::<~,;, r'cp.::.!::;:j.~:.\:,::,:su:\\.nU?Y Cl
J /:%'«1 I.. , - .. .. .. .. , ... , ,J._", , -" J .." '....... ,,'j )
f/j , ........... /./ / / / , / /. / /1 '- v t I
I, i~~~:~~>~;>~i:)~>'::, ,:.'.:-..:'~.,,~):~:~/[:::~./%~;0;;;;:~ -~~I: '\
t I (/ ~ / .' / / . ). / .. /; / ' ~, ~ . '...... ':' . . '-, :0//./ / / /" ~/ /i '-..
: :>//,.."...',,. /"'..-'/"./"""", ~ r '.:::",:~::,~,~:-:,:'~,/,"./"/" //'"/"" I t. /'
..-------~ //./' / ... .',/' /-.Ju.;: . . . . ~ ''/.J . . / / //.////) I.....r
Ii V,?'::',", . / ,:,:" '. ,/ : . ,'>:'. <';;//":/~;>::<;:/';
~, ~~0"....<"" //,/'// .<<.< ''''''':. " . -:: ,,:,~ '/~.; /:/ /",",;,:;::'::,::<~;,C'"" ~:/,:;:;"/{-c;~~:;.Y/~'~;: ;;; r>0;~m' ~~' "<;;77/7/7777/ " - ---' -- - / -,
....0 "1 (:';':';';':';';':';';':-:"':-:-:':';'. . /'''' / .. .'.. ,/ /,'''.,';''';';';''';';';',' r/ /W/ / .~///./ " . '////' I
I ~:.:-:.:-:.;.:-:-:.:-:-;.:-:.;.;.;.;.;,..:~ ~/ / / // //' /.' :." :-:-:-:-:-:-:., I y ::.0< /j./ i.- 6-- .-:: / " , , I
'4 ! I !!~!i;!!;;i!)!;!;:!;':;::;::;;:!:;:;;:~!::~~«:.:;<:~ <:;~'.'~';::ll:::~::.::~':~, }~ :~'f:;;:;:; /(:.:;~;~;~:;;'-:~:~~~~' i".'
.JI---F::::::::::::;:::::::::::;::::::;::::::Y////;~>::~;':':-:'-':' "'(::::-:0:::.::::~:r~«~~~/j~%//;W/~ ! ;
: '11 f~\~n)r:)<:)::~:!:}/,~>~>,:3~;;~<;:,' :.:\?\\\\\;>;;/ ;<;~:~/.;~ ,: //»,':~':;/// : (' .
«~~I -J~~~@~~~-- ~~
. i - '~"---/'''-'--1.''-''~/\y2LL), .
.' . ~...;r-I , -," I HC TONS PER AVERAGE DAY PER SC'J;":::.E i,~:L:: "
4420°00 ---.-L ----_..-J ,
550000 570000 590000
, .
Vil
~
r-''''' '",
! "
.' ,
,
L_J
<
. 0.05
..
o f;(\~):1 2(),Oav
E:-=-'= ,:. _. -~ ...:'::-3
ki lom,;:srs
~~7i
/ L2L. 0.05 r j
I).
E~I?::::::l 0.1 G.2
'-"~- .....L.I....
E~-'l 0.2 n ~
-,,~-_J l ..~
[?'-;,~'-:-~q
1" y,.". "...-.~
>..:~,~~-:: ~.J'"J 0.3 0.7
r '. '"1
L_-,-- .~J 0.7 1 . 1
. "
-'
.
r
'-
...,
Fi:~;\c n.
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(;I:q:'.~::cn ~(;i~~~!ty ftC;:'l ~,II
~':0t:n:~s.
''''''L--
-------
18'
'"
,of-.
TJ\3LE 19
SUi-1HARY OF AIR POLLUTANT HiISSlor~S FROj.1 POINT SO.WRf.ES BY SEASO;'I fOR PITTSCURGI~ STUDY A?-::'A, 1967 (Tm,5/DAY)
=-~=':::.=--=:'-::-7:----.-- ===.:=.=~.__.--.._---=:.::.:_._-----_._-- ---_.:'='=-:=- _.- --_..::=':=-"""'::'"_7.'7:-=.':::=:-:"._:-::===--:::-::"-=-===--= ::-':==::::':.::':--.:::--.
. . SOX' PART CO ~JX
Sou ree CD t<:gory Gri d'
--_._-~....._-
Industr;oJl
I
I
Industriil1
IndustriJl
Industr1t1!
I ndus t~"i ':: 'I
In:lustri21
Industi"ial
I ndu o:~, t ;."; 2. 'J
S. E. :Jti1'i'~y*
. I nd 'J S t;~ i 21
Industriul
I nd u:; t t.. i !:'.1
I ndu:j tt"i;} 1
I. PO\-iE r (:\: it, ,,-:.:<
. ..
HC
vc
2
5
5565 4S150
5555 ~S020
!~
;)
5570 4S0JO
5
5575 450S0
7
5/toS £149GO
9
12
5645 4L~ 930
566044945
12
12
5660 44940
5652 44911
16
6084 44%9
16
6083 449G3
16
16
6083 44%3
6034 44919
10
60'16 '1r;~'/16
2.~
5.1
4.9
0.4
71.8
s
~J
11.4
25..6
43.7
1.1
71.8
S9.7 169.3 115.8
0.1
1.1
137 . 1
3.7
1.3
15.7
49A
99.5
.
1.9
71.8
2.5
3.5
1.3
2.2
137.1137.1
4.6
1.3
4.1
2.7
p.
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.8
25.G
1}8.1
0.1
0.2
23.0
1.3
5.1
5.5
2.3
0.0'
s
0.6
4.0
3:6
3.6
25.6
96.3
1.3
2.1
23.0
1.3
5.1
5.5
2.8
D.S
w
A
0.5
2.0
1.8
2. 1
25.6
70.6
0.6
1.1
23.0
1.3
5.1
5.5
2.5
loG
,5
Ii
--- '-..-'-----'----..
0.1
O. 1
0.2
1 . a
1 '
I. I
Of'
. ';;J
0.1
0.4
1 .3
~ ...
...i ......'
O. 1
1.8
if.5
0.1
Q.1
0.9
0.2
0.3
0.7
-; ~ G
1.8
,., r:
'- . OJ
0.1
0.1
o. s'
0.2
1\
0.4
.0.9
1.1
0.1
12.3
9.3
0.1
36.1
0.9
0.3
s
3. 1
9.2
2;~. 0
0.3
12.3
39.2
0.7
0.6
36.1
1.2
0.3
'f
\'j
A
2.2
4.8
10.8
0.2
12.3
23.2
0.3
0.3
36.1
G.l
0.6
0.4
,
\.
I .,
,
,.
HC
s
A
H
C:.l 0.1
0.4 0.2
1.1 0.5
--- ---
0.6 0.6
1.7 1.0
--- ---
--- ---
o . 4 J . 1~0 . 4
1.0 0.1
0.7
--- ---
--- ---
--- ---
0.1 0.1
.--- ---
-------
-"--- - - - --- -- ---- -
i'
. . \
\ "
" .
TABLE 19
I SUi.j!-,\i\RY OF AIR POLLUTANT Efv1I.SSIONS FROr.1 POINT SOURCES BY SEASC:'i FOR P-ITTSSURGH STU8Y AREA, 1957 (TONS/DAY)
I
i (Continued)
.-----.- -- -.----...------.---..
-----.---... - . __n- ,-.----,---..- -.----,-.- "
SOx PART CO NOx . ~,..
,.,
I '"
Source C ~ t~;~: () ;",Y Grid HC VC S \.1 A S H A S \1 1\ S 1,1 A S ~. r A
.. I~ ~.; ..
---'-- --.--- ~~----_._.
Airport 19 5662 44325 --- 1.3 1.3 1.3 18.6 1 () r HL6 '1.8 1.8 1.8 4.2 4.2 4.2
O.U
I
Inch:strial 20 5704 44855 2:2 2'.2 2.2 0.3 0.3 .0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 ---
Industrial 27 5782 4 t~'023 8.2 8.2 8.2 15.1 15.1 15.1 2.1 2. 1 2. 1 0.1 O. 1 O. 1
!nt.iustl;,iai ,27 5780 41+334 25.2 25.2 25.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 --- ---
Industrjal 2::3 5812 44806 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 --- ---
Indus h'j a 1 29' 5898 44323 1.2 1.2 1.2 .--- ---
Industrial 29 5882 '+4312 1.;5 1.9 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.,4 ----
S. E. Iji-il,t"" 32 6023 44878 38.8 38.8 38.3 130.5 130.5 130.5 0.3 r'" 0.3 10.2 10.2 1 0.2 0.1 " O. 1
, . ,I J . .J ..) J..
s: E. u til i ty1' 32 6023 4-4378 44.0 44.0 44.0 20.7 20.7' 20.7' 0.3 C.3 0.3 11.6 11.6 11.6 0.1 .). 1 O. 1
S. E. Uti 11 ~:y:~ 32 6043 44387 92.9 92.9 92.9 19.2 19.2 19.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 24.5 24.5 24.5 0.2 ).2 0.2
. - ',","
-
S. . ~; Uti 1 ity* 32 6043 44837 5.9 ,5.9 5.9 24.5, 24.5 24.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 --- ---
Industrial 33 6300 4/1860 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 --- ---
S. E. Uti i i ty* 37 5813 44792 57.4 57.4 57.4 9.7 9.7 9.7 0 tJ 0.4 0.4 15.1 15. 1 15. 1 0.2 :).2 0.2
. t
1. PO'.';2 r Gen. *.:: 37 5349 4~7G4 1.0 1.7 1.3 0.1 0.2 O. 1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 ---- ---
-------
- - -
\ -
\..
"
" .
TAl3LE 19
S U;.i;.1f\ r~ y OF AIR POLLUTANT EmSSIONS FRon POINT S.OU)lCES BY SEAson Fon PITTS3URGH STUDY f\REI~, 1967 (TONS/OF,Y)
(Continued)
----------.. - _._. - ._~ '.. _..- - .., _.. .. - ---.-.-.-
. -.--..-...---
SOx PART CO r;ox HC
Source Ca tQ~;:;!~'y Grid HC VC S \.] A S H A ,.. vi I' ,.. ~IJ A S \oJ A
:> ,, ~
---...
1. PO\'Jer Gsn."}c/r 37 5829 :;477$ 0.8 0.8 0.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 , 0.2 0.2 0.2 --- ---
Industrial 38 5880 447G2 3. 1 3.1 3; 1 --- --- ---
Industrial 38 5362 44790 1.2 1.2 1.2 --- ---
-
Incineration 38 5.368 44790 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 O. 1 O. 1
I
, Industrial 33 c:;o ,..,- t;4793 2.1 2.1 2.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 O. 1 0.1 0.5 0.5
' 0.1 0.5
[ .....ulH) --- ---
1. ro\'i'?Y' G-:?n, x,,;,;, 38 5896 44771 1.7 5.3, 3.4 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.3 0.9 0.1 ---
Industrial 33 5861 447G8 2.0 2.4 2.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 G. 1 0.5 0.6 0.5 --- ---
'Industrial 38 5370 44800 2.9 2.9 2.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 --- ---
Inst1tutio:ni 38 5898 44770 0.4 2.8 1.8 O. 1 0.4 0.3 0..3 1.8 1.1 --- 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2
1. Po'::et' G2tl. ** "'"' 5361. 4/1783 1.1 1.9 1.4 O. 1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.4
.jO --- ---
.. 1. PO\'i2 r G~n-:~:t:- 38 5336 44753 24.4, 24.4 24.0 14.2 14.2 14.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 G. 1 6.1 6.0 0.1 O. 1 0.1
-
1. PQ~'.':;!~ Gen. ...'\-!~ 33 5360 44787 2.8 2.8 2.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 --- ---
Industr-ial 39 5943 44755 1.2 2.0' 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 --- ---
Institutioriul 42 5753 44706 2.1 ,3.5 2.7 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.3 2.2 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3
". .
-------
--- - ---
~
,
\ -
Tfi.:3LE 19' \
SU;'::";i~~'r' OF t\IR POLLUT Mn Ei'iISSIONS FROI'i POINT SOURCeS BY SEASO:.! FOR PITTS ;',i.mG: i ST:.!CY AREA, 1967 (TONS/DAY)
(CoAtinued)
....- -------.:-:::='.=="::====:::::==:'..:':::',:':::':'::::""'::-.:::
SO P ;\RT CO j\o "r
x , x 11",
Source CiJ. te:0'~~ ry Grid !.!f" VC S t~ A S l.J A S \\l !\ S I.j A S 1..1 A
\\" ..
..
---...- --_._.
Industr;11 44 ~;8'91 [t4 7 37 90.6 90.6 90.6 11.7 11 .7 11. 7 --- ---
Inuustrit11 44 5896 44725 1.4 1.4 .1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 O. 1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 --- ---
1. PO\':er Gen. -;<* 4/f r."'Q~ 44745 ... 3.3 3.3 . 3.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.8
':'-00;) --- ---
Industri11 45 1:;0('1') I), i~ 720 1.8 1.8 1.8 --- ---'
",,'.JV,J
Indus tri rJ 1 46 5970 44717 3.2. 3.2 3.2 --- ---
IndustriJ1 46 5951 44731 2.2 2.2 2.2 --- ---
Industr'L11 ,46 5972 44722 --- 27.4 27.4 27.4 ... -- ---
Ir.dl:stritil 46 5970 44717 0.3 0.3 0.3 20.6 20.6 20.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 - -- ---
Indus t1'i td 45 5S'51 44732 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.8 - -- ---
I. Pm';c r G~n" ;'..'~ 46 5990 ,1 .,: .. ') r- 16.4 16.4 16.4 9.7 9.7 9.7 .1.0 1 .0 LO 4.0 4.0 4.0
',1 i~ / r...:J - -- ---
- Industrii:;l 47' 6003 44793 13. 1 13. 1 13. 1 26.9 26.9 26.9 3.3 3.3 3.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
-
. . Industri;:;l 47 6010 4/1721 2.8 3.4. 3. 1 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.1 o. 1 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.8
- -- ---
Ai rport 54 5910 4[~G5'+ 0.1 0.1 0.1 21.1 21.1 ')'; 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.9 3.9 3.9
L I. I
I ndustri ('i 1 55 5 ~~34 ~1,1G0~ 3.5 .3.5 3.5 - -- ---
. ~- ".
-------
..
.----.
TABLE 19
S~i,'.:;'1.~RY OF AIR POLLUTANT E1"1ISSIONS 'FRO~1 POINT SOURCES BY SEASON Fcr~ PITTSCURGH STL0Y {I..REA, 1967 (TONS/DAY)
(Continued)
.--------
Sourc~ CQt~gory Grid
.---"-..--.
Institution.:!l
Ir1dustrial
I. r-c)',':~r Gen.'.,-.-
. Industriaj
!. P',)',':2r" G'2:1.. ~l:~t
I !lei:.:'; tria 1
Industrial
Incus tr-; a 1
S. E - U '; ii Eye
S. E. U;~ i 1 i ty*
S. E. LL il i t,y*
'-
.
Ins t'itl!U onill
Industrial
Industrif11
. Im.hstria1
."~. "
IIC
vc
s
so
x
\'J
57
i
~;755 44645 ! 1.7 : 3.0
",' '. r r Hi" c:. ; ,...j ~ 1
. '-- - \... . (, .
2.3
61
:':958 44G18 '352.2 ;352.2 352.2
,...
ui
5954 44620 i 6.5 : 6.5
i
E3
6170 44G50 ! 4.1
I
6.3.
c ~
c'+
6440 4~GSO' ---
29.5
(4
6390 44680 j
G4
6380 44610
64
6390 4!~630
0.4 ' O.G
1.4
2.1
G5
6620 44703
67
5920 44561
3.2: 4.9
60.1
60.1
71 5377 44523
71
. 7' 1
5852 44592
5720 44580
/2
5050 44450
6.5
5.1
13.7
0.5
1.7
4.0
60.1
178.0 178.0 178.0
30.5
30.5
/2
~945 q/POJ
1.2 '3.0
1.1 1.1
12.6 : 19.4
27 .8 ! 28.5
'i: St:earn Electric Utility
ra~cr Generation
30.5
2.4
1.1
15.8
28.2
A
0.7
45.1
1.9
2.5
---
1.1
0.5
2.9
18.0
62.4
49.0
0.1
0.7
2.3
6.5
---.....
._..__._~._..-_._~._-_.__._-- _.-.. ._-.
s
PART
H
1.1
45.1
1.9
A
0.9
45.1
1.9
3.9 3.2
10. 1
1.6
0.5
4.4
18.0
62.4
49.0
0.3
0.7
3.5
6.9
4.7
1.3
0.5
3.6
18.0
s
CO
~'i
f,
1.1
....-------------...----.
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
62.4 1.2
49.0
0.2
0.7
2.9
6.7
1.2
0.8
0.5
0.1
1.9
0.2
1.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
1.2
1.2
1.9
0.7
0.2
, I~
I.',
n ')
V. t.
0.5
o. -;
0.)
o. '1
1.2
1.2
1.5
0.6
O. 1
1.7
1.4
O. 1
0.3
1.5
15.2
46.8
48.6
0.1
0.3
3.2
1.0
s
NO
x
H
0.3
1.7
2.1
7.4
0.2
0.5
2.4
15.2
46.8
48.6
0.3
0.3
4.9
1.1
A
0.2
1.6
1.7
3.4
0.2
0.4
1.9
15.2
46.8
48.6
0.2
0.3
4.0
1.1
s
0.2
O .,
. I
O. 1
0.2
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.2
. i .
- I
\
-
"'
"
HC
~4
A
0.4 0.3
--- ---
--- ---
0.1 0.1
0.4 0.2
--- ---
--- ---
0'.1 0.1
(.'.2 0.2
C.5 0.5
('.5 0.5
(.4 0.3
....-- ---
C.2 0.2
C.1 0.1
-------
. ' -,
,
'L\BLE 20.' :SW:j~1:\RY OF AIR POLLUTA.r-.JT HllSSIONS FROM ALL SOURCES BY SEASON FOR PITTSBURGf.[ STUDY AREA, (TONS/DAY) ;
#.1.. -.
LA.\D SO PAin. CO "" !lC
1\'J
AREA x x
rHD (sq.mi) S W A S I\f A S W A 5 1'i A S \'i A
I
I .
I 1 33.60 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.6 10.9 10.0 10.7 0.6 O. () 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9
2 38.60 12.7 3:.3 26.2 4.3 8.5 6.4 46.7 45.2 <15.7 5.7 8.5 3.4 4.3 1.'~ 4.~'
3 38.60 14 . (~ '2:5.7 19.0 4.5 7.1 5.8 26.5 25.4 26.2 5.3 7.4 6.4 2.6 2.7 2.6
I 4 38,(}O 24.3 :5/.5 30.5 6.1 9.6 7.8 6.2 7.3 6.7 6.8 10.3 8.5 0.9 1.2 1.1
, ...
~ 38.60 59.5 229.3 138.5 15.0 33.3 23.5 47.4 52.4 tJ9.9 IG.1 52.2 32.9 5.0 7.1 6.0
6 38 . ()() '!9.1 7:3.0 62.7 13.4 21. 8 17.4 43.7 44.1 47.2 13.8 20.5 17.1 4'.6 5.3 5.0
7 38.60 ,72.0 73.1 72.5 26.3 26.9 26.6 17.7 16.7 17.3 11.9 12.1 12.0 2.0 2.0 2.1
S 38. G() 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.6 7.8 7.5 7.7 0.5 0.6 '0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7
9 9 (,.. 94.2 209.3 147.7 54.8 108.3 79.7 23.8 27.9 25.8 17.1 50.9 32.9 2.8 4.() 3.0
. :J.\
10 9.6:; 24.3 38.3 30.9 6.2 10.1 8.1 7.9 10.1 0 ~ 7.0 10.!~ 8.7 1.1 1.:; 1.2
0.:>
11 9.6:5 0.3 2.5 1.3 0.8 2.1 1.4 16.1 15.7 H}.O 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.'7 1.7
r'- 9.6::; 138.5 1,15.2 141.6 23.8 28.0 25.7 8.9 9.4 9.2 36.6 38.2 37.4 1.2 1 .. 1.3
~ . ,)
- ~
13 ' 38. 6r) 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.5 1.6 1.6. 35.1 31.6 33.7 2.2 2.2 2.2 3.3 30) 3.1
14 38.()U 1.3 1.6 1.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 80.6 72.5 77.3 4.6 4.6 4.6 7.3 6. oJ 7.1
15 38.6fJ 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.'7 0.6 46.7 42.0 tI/~ .8 2.8 2.8 2.8' 4.2 3.9 4.1
-------
-- - - - --- ---~-
st.;.' :",:. ". J.~ Y OF ! ~\ r >~ 1'OLLUTA\r C.; i 5S I O:~S FRO\I :\LL SOURcrs BY S L\50\ [-"0;.: '"1'TS;::' :~: T ;=:rUi:. .\!~.::.\,. (TO:\S/DAY)
'-
- -.-.----.---..--.. ----..--
1 .',:.:;: SO PART. CO NO i:C
:\!~Et\ X X.
k.7 j,~ ~ 1. \ - (sq.::::!.) ,- ", A S 11' A .j-" s' IV A S IV /\ S h' A
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I
j - 0------'4_-..-_. -__"-'0___-
16 38.60 l1.B ') ~ ., 18.4' 19.5 26.2 23.4 42.9 44.::; 43.9 6.5 9.} 8.3 4.4 4.8
.:.':>.i. ;)..)
'17 38.60 0.1 0.3' 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 5.3 4.9 5.1 0.3 0.:" 0.3 0.4 O. 'f 0.4
.
I
1 \0 :-;8.60 O.J. 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 ') 7; 2.1 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.'2 0.1 0.1
".0 '-.~
19 38.60 .3. I 4.8 3.9 3.9 4.9 4.4 47.0 44.8 !! (, . l' 5.0 '6.1 5.5 7.0 (,.9 7.1
; \
20 9.65 2. () 2.7 2.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 13.2 11.9 12.7 1.7 1. . 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0
21 9.65 2.5 2.:) 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.3 9.4 8.3 9.2 1.:S 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0
"
122 9.65 0.4 ,0.6 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 21. 7 19.6 20.9 1.4 1.(., 0.5 2.0 1.8 '2.0
:23 9.65 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 18.0 16.4 17 .1 , ., 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.7
I.'" .... . Li'
2/1 9.65 a.s 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.0 1.0 14.1 12.8 13.5 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3
'25 9.65 0.3 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 30.5 27.5 29.3 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.9 :~. 6 2.8
26 9.6:) 2.2 2.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 0.7 10.1 9.4 9.8 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.2 :.1 1.2
27 9.6~ 34.7 36.0 35.3 20.4 21.1 20.7 16.4 15.3. 16.0 3.8 4.8 4.2 1.8 .8 1.8
28 9.65 2.8 3.6 3.2 2.7 3.1 2.9 32.1 29.3 31.0 3.9 4.9 4.3 3.0 ':.8 2.9
29 -~ 9.65 4.:) 6.1 4.2 4.4 5.3 4.8 42.7 39.1 41. 3 3.7 '1. 3 4.3 4.1 ::.9 4.0
.
30 9.65 1.2 2.1 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.1 34.0 31. 2 33.0 2.5 3.1 2.8 3.3 ';.0 3.1
31 9.65 2.4 .).3' 1.9 1.6 2.0 1.8 20.6 18.8 19.9 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.1 ::.0 2;0
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-- --.-- -- --
'{ .\:~ L!: 2 ~ \ SLi:.;' ;:\RY Or: :\ I!{ POLLUT!\;,rr L:',;,[ SS I c;\ .-; F:~(r.! Ai.L SOURCi;S BY SL\SCJ\ Fcn :' r'i":'~~:.~~ :::,,:~! ~'If".' , ,. i\!~.i~..\ J (TO:,S/DAY)
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v.~. i I
.).., 154.40 3.'3.0 63.1 49.9 10.6 18.8 i4.4 31. 2 34.1 32.7 11.9 18.1 14.9 3.15 4.5 3.9
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O.() 0.6 0:8 0.9 0.9
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9.65 " ~ 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.7 11.8 10.8 11. 4 0 (' 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1
.)., '.'. ~ .0
3() 9.65 0.6 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.9 1.6 19.2 17.7 18.7 1.5 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9
.)! 9.65 ()o. 8 63.1 61. 9 15.4, 16.8 16.0 66.7 61.0 64.5 20.0 21. 8 20.9 6.4 6.0, 6.3
,- 3::~ 9.65 I~ n . 2 1\9.3 44.3' 29.0 31.1 29.8 114.4 105.5 111.1 16.6 19.4 17.9 13.4 10.2 10.5
."59 '9.65 5.0 8.5 6.6 4.7 6.2 5.4 79.1 72.2 76.4 6.2 8.2 7.2 7.3 7.;0 7~2
40 9.65 1.3 2.1 1.7 2.2 21:" 2.3 43.7 39.6 1i2.1 3.0 3.4 3.2 4.1 3.7 3.9
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(1l 9.65 I' - 0.2 0'.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 6.4 5.8 6.2 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7
I....!....")
42 9.65 'L5 7.3 4.9 2.0 3.0 2.5 28.2 30.0 27.8 2.6 3.6 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9
£13 9.65 1.5 3.3 2.4 2.7 _3.8 3.2 60.3 55.1 58.3 3.9 5.4 4.7 5.6 5.2 5.4
4 I~ 9.65 97.5 98.8 98.1 16.6 17.2 16.8 80.2 72.5 77.1 6.4 7.1 6.8 7.5 6.9 7.2
,- 9.65 3.4 5,8 4.6 7.3 8.6 7.3 52.0 47.7 50.4 4.3 5.8 5.1 5.0 4.8 5.0
l.1';,;;-) :
. 19.2 20,6 ~O.8 10.:' 4.0 3.8 3,.9
46 9.65 19.9 68.6 69.4 69.0 42.2 38.7 10.3 11.::;
117 38.60 , j;). 6 21,2 19.9 32.1 33,1 32.6 109.0 98.9 105.0 1(;.5 11 .3 10.9 0.6 1.9 1.3
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1.8
0.8
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359.8
12.9
70.8
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21.5
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33.5
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56.3
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26.7
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REFERE~CES
1.
Ozo]:i n5, Gtlnti~;, i'lnd Raymond
for E.~ t 1. Tn8 t.:. ng COF,j:n.ln i ty ;\ i J~.
Oc:tol'CT 1966.
S;.ilth: R~issions, nHEW, PHS,
. . '., '~" .~."
, .
, ,
Uni~ed State ~ensus:of Hou~ing, U.S. Department of Conwcrce,
Bl12:l'~:U of the C.~ii~::U.:;, J ~:(":J.
3.
Physical and Man-~1ade Features of the Region, Southl.;estern
Pennsylvania Rc[':ionaJ Planning COiTIi:lission, pp. 20-21, May 196:;.
.. .
Duprey, E.L.: CO;!:p.LlatiOi1
U.S. DiiEi\',PHS, '1963.
of Air Poll~tant Emission Factors,
=' .
, '
SJ:-j't.>i., ~I.:.S., and C.',\', GI'U~i~:~': :\t::".O.3l:::.::tic
Combustion, U.S. IHiE\'I,Pj]S, :\1'ril 1966.
[missiun.:;
fl'Oi~i cc<~]
6.
Fuel Oil Combustion,
Smi th:. \,,'. S.: Atmospheric Ei:iissions
U.S. f1HEh", PUS, >:o-t'(..\;'.:~':('r l:-"(~~.
frOin
r U f' 1:. ~;-; dE] C' c t. ~~ : .~"o.
:::;C~~~:~: Cc:-~:':_~::.e~l i.;~
:.::; ;'1'.:~: ~!.ct~~1~j l' ~
Industl'j ',,':0 :
U. S. Bureau of t.hc. Census, 1963.
PeTS':>i::,] Co;!:mpni (':Hien
Septe::'iber, 1968.
\\'i!~; >;3tion~1
Coal Association
RepT{;'~S:..:nt ~ :-.i ":e:
op. cit., Ozolins,
Guntis, pp. ~3-~S.
Persona 1 Conununicatibn with Pennsylvania State Hj ghway Depart;:;e:;::,
Septe:.lbcr 1968.
11.
FAL\ Air Traffic Activit)", Calendar Year 1967, Department of
Transportation, Federal .-\\"i21'LioD Adminis'Lration, Feb. 1968.
12.
Emission Inventory 1967, Allegheny County Health ~epartrnent
Burcew of. Air Po'11ution CO:1trol.
13.
;'iunicip3l R"efL1~.c Disposal, :\;::'cl'ican Pl1~)1ic \;'o1'ks Associ ation;
Public .'\d;:iinistri1U.\'f2 Scn'icc; \':ashiI:i-CO]~, D. C., 1961.
lil,
Personal Communication \\1 th Penns)" 1 vania State Hi:.~a lth Depart;::~,1 ~,
SeptE'mbCl' 1968.
15.
19G6 County Industry Report,Allegheny, Beaver, ~ashington,
\~cstmol'e1and, R\..dcil:~e;~o. i.j-S-66, Dep"rtmcnt of Internal A£:f::lil'S,
. Bul'C~:u of Stati5tics. .. . . '
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