AIR QUALITY DATA USED IN MODEL VALIDATION
Appendix £
of
Development of a Simulation Model
for Estimating Ground Level Concentrations
of Photochemical Pollutants
Prepared by
Systems Applications, Inc.
Beverly Hills, California 90212
for the
Air Pollution Control Office
of the Environmental Protection Agency
Durham, North Carolina 27701
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AIR QUALITY DATA USED IN MODEL VALIDATION
Appendix E
of
Development of a Simulation 1.lodel
for Estimating Ground Level Concentrations
of Photochemical Pollutants
Philip J. W. Roberts
Philip M. Roth
Report 7lSAI-7
April 1971
Prepared by
systems Applications, Inc.
Beverly Hills, California
90212
for the
Air Pollution Control Office
of the Environmental Protection Agency
Durham, North Carolina 27701
under Contract CPA 70-148
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'.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are indebted to Mr. Julian Foon and Mr. Edward Camarena of the
Los Angeles and Orange County Air Pollution Control Districts, respectively,
for supplying us with the air quality data presented in this Appendix.
We wish, in addition, to express our gratitude to Mr. Camarena for
patiently answering our many questions concerning the methods of data
collection employed by Orange County. Finally, we extend our thanks
to Mr. William D. HOliand of the Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control
District, who rendered the same courtesies in providing us with
methodological information regarding the data collected in Los Angeles
County.
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.
I.
II.
. .
. .
. .
AIR QUALITY DATA AT GROUND LEVEL
. .
A.
contaminant Monitoring Network.
B.
Sampling and Measurement Procedures
Air Quality Data for 29 and 30 September 1969
c.
AIR QUALITY DATA ALOFT.
A.
Aircraft Data Collection Program .
B.
Helicopter Data Collection Program .
References.
. . .
, ,
<..
. .
'.
. .
Page
. .
. . E-1
. E-2
. E-2
. .
. . E-2
. E-9
. E-9
. E-22
. . .
. E-22
E-24
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'-
INTRODUCTION
Validation of an urban airshed model consists in demonstrating
that predictions and experimental measurements of ground level contaminant
concentrations compare favorably over a wide variety of conditions.
Ideally, such comparisons should be made using data collected throughout
the course of a "validation day," at a number of locations covering the
air basin. Furthermore, severaL days should be selected for study such
that all meteorological conditions typical of the airshed are represented.
In the summertime, for example, Los Angeles experiences the effects of a
semi-permanent anticyclone lying off tlle coast--low to moderate westerly
winds, a strong subsidence inversion, and the virtual absence of cloud
cover (and thus, strong solar insolation). From time to time, however,
Santa Ana conditions prevail--hot, dry ~linds e~anating from the desert
to the east. A truly satisfactory model must demonstrate reasonable
agreement between predicted and measured ~oncentrations throughout the
course of a day for these, as \'ell as other, expected meteorological
conditions.
Due to restrictions in time and funding, and because this project
represents only an initial attempt to develop an acceptable airshed model,
we have substantially limited the scope of this validation effort. In
particular, we have selected only two days to serve as "validation days"--
Monday, September 29, and Tuesday, September 30, 1969. It is our
expectation, however, that a more comprehensive validation program will
be undertaken before the model is "accepted."
Two factors were paramount in the selection of the two validation
days. First, meteorological conditions typical of a smoggy summer day
in Los Angeles prevailed. Second, a particularly rich data base exists
for these days with respect to both air quality and meteorology. In
addition to the routine collection of contaminant concentration data
at fourteen ground sites in the Basin by the Los Angeles and Orange
County Air Pollution Control Districts, chemical analyses were made of
air samples obtained aloft by both airplane and helicopter. Also, Scott
Research Laboratories operated two additional monitoring stations during
this period, and they have provided an air quality record that is
particularly detailed in the characterization of hydrocarbons. Finally,
the days selected are two of only fourteen in 1969 on which vertical
temperature soundings were taken not only at Los Angeles International
Airport, but also at three additional locations in the basin. These
soundings provide far more detailed information concerning the nature
of the inversion than is commonly available.
The stated goal of the model development effort is the accurate
prediction of pollutant concentrations at ground level. Thus, emphasis
was placed on validation with respect to this portion of the data base.
Air quality data collected aloft are less useful, as little is kno~
about wind speed and direction at elevations greater than about 30 feet
above the ground. While the prediction of concentra~ions aloft is not
a justifiable undertaking under these circumstances, the data still
-------
have value, in that they provide insight into several atmospheric
phenomena of interest. These include the possible presence of air
. parcels bearing pollutants formed on previous days, the magnitude of
vertical eddy diffusivities, and variations in the rates of production
of secondary pollutants with elevation (an effect attributable to the
absorption and scattering of incoming radiation by atmospheric pollutants).
This Appendix is devoted to the presentation and summarization of
available air quality data for Septe~ber 29 and 30, 1969. In Section I
we describe the ground level contaminant monitoring network of the
Los Angeles Basin and survey the methods employed in the acquisition of
,
air quality data. We then present the relevant data for September 29
and 30, 1969. In Section II, the airborne data collection program is
described.
I.
AIR QUALITY DATA AT GROUND LEVEL
This discussion focuses on the air quality data collected at ground
stations throughout the Los Angeles Basin and used in the validation of
the airshed model. In Part A of this section the ground level contaminant
monitoring network is described. The sampling and chemical analysis
procedures eMployed at the monitoring .stations are discussed in Part B.
Finally, in Part C, the air qua~ity data for the validation days are
presented.
A.
Contaminant 110ni toring Neb:ork
In September 1969, the contaminant monitoring network of the
Los Angeles Basin consisted of eleven stations operated by the
Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District and three operated
by the Orange County Air Pollution Control District. All of these
stations, except one, are located inside the 50 mile square modeling
area. The Pomona station, in Los Angeles County, is situated approxi-
mately one mile east of the eastern boundary of the modeling area. In
addition, the Scott Research Laboratories, under contract to the
Coordinating Research Council, made comprehensive measurements of
ground level contaminant concentrations during this period at two
locations in the basin. The locations of the sixteen monitoring
stations are shown on Figure E-l and their street addresses in
Table E-l. As several of the monitoring stations are located near
major sources of contaminants (freeways, power plants, airports,
refineries), we present in Table E-2 a brief description of the
locale in the immediate vicinity of each station. The contaminants
measured at each station are identified in Table E-3.
B.
Sampling and Measurement Procedures
The place~Bnt and positioning of air sampling probes by the
Los Angeles and Orange County Air Pollution Control Districts has
been largely standardized. Probes are usually mounted on single-story
E-2
Fj.gure E-l and
Tables E-l.to E-3 follow
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'-
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lD ~~-~-~-
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20
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I .
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Ii
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.__.~--;---~_.- ~-
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2
---
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~
5
Eo
Figure E-l. Locations of r-tonitoring Stations Relative
to Major Contaminant Sources in the Los Angeles Basin
" - freeways
. - oil refineries
A - power plants
. - airports
o - contaminant monitoring
stations
t..3
-------
Station
Number
1
60
69
71
72
74
75
76
78
79
80
OCl
OC2
OC3
Scott
Research
Table E-l. Addresses and Locations of Contaminant
Monitoring Stations in the Los Angeles Basin
Station
Code Name
CAP
AZU
BURl<
WEST
LONB
RESD
POl-1A
LENX
RB
PASA
WHTR
ANA
SNA
IAH
II:
Address
434 S. San Pedro Street, Los Angeles (at 4th Street)
803 N. Loren Avenue, Azusa (two blocks north of
Foothill Boulevard)
228 W. Palm Avenue, Burbank (at Victory Boulevard)
2351 Westwood Boulevard, I~s Angeles (1/2 block
north of Pico Boulevard)
3648 N. Long Beach Boulevard, Long Beach (at
36th Street)
18330 Gault Street, Reseoa (at Etiwanda Avenue)
924 N. Garey Avenue, Pomona (at Kingsley Street)
11408 La Cienega Boulevard, Los Angeles (at
Imperial Boulevard)
615 E. Anita Street, Redondo Beach (at Pacific
Coast nighway)
1201 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena (at \o7ilson
Avenue)
14427 Leffin~~ell Road, Whittier (at Telegraph
Road)
1010 S. Harbor Boulevard, Anaheim (at Vermont
Avenue)
Pau1orino Avenue, Near Airport Control Tower,
Orange County Airport, Santa Ana
621 Ocean Avenue, La Habra (at Walnut Street)
El Monte Airport
4545 E. Washington Boulevard, City of Commerce
(at Long Beach ~reeway)
E-4
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Table E-2.
Siting of Contaminant ~onitoring Stations in the Los Angeles Basin
Station
Number
Station
Code Name
, 1
CAP
60 AZU
69 BURl<
71 WEST
72
LONB
74 RESD
75 POM
76 LENX
78
RB
79
PASA
80
WHTR
OCl
ANA
OC2
SNA
OC3
LAH
Scott
Research
} r~1
VER
Surrounded by four freeways, approximately one mile
from each. Sampling probe is suspended outside a
sixth-floor window.
Approximately 3/8 mile north of Foothill Freeway.
Approximately 150 meters southwest of Burbank power
plant and 300 meters southwest of Golden State Freeway.
Approximately 1/4 mile northeast of San Diego Freeway
and 1/4 mile north of Santa Bonica Free\...ay. Wind
direction is predominantly southwest during the day,
the station is thus affected by the freeways.
Approximately 200 wsters north of San Diogo Freeway.
Wind direction is predowinantly south during the day;
the station will be affected by freeway at these
times.
Approximately 2 miles north of Ventura Freeway.
Approximately 1/3 mile south of San Bernardino
Freeway.
Immediately west of San Diego Freeway and immediately
southeast of Los Angeles International Airport. Wind
direction is predominantly southwest, however, so
station should not be unduly affected by these sources.
ApproximatelY 300 meters northeast of Redondo Beach
power plant. Station measures only 502.
Approximately 1 1/4 miles east/northeast of Pasadena
power plant. Station may be affected by pow~r plant
during the day. '
Located on main street, no other major sources near site.
Approximately 200 meters northeast of Santa' Ana Freeway.
Approximately 150 meters west/northwest of runway at Orange
County Airport and 1/4 mile south of San Diego Freeway. .
Station is probably affected by aircraft emissions.
No major sources near,site.
At El Honte Airport and approximately 1 mile north of
San Bernardino Freeway.
Less than 100 meters west of Long Beach Freeway and
1 mile south of Santa Ana Freeway.
E-S
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Table E-3. Contaminants Measured at Each of the
Los Angeles Basin lIDnitoring Stations During September 1969
~nant'
Total HC, as
Station 0Y-i1ant CO S02 N02 NO NO + N02 Methane Methane
CAP 1 X X X X X X X X
AZU 60 X X X X X X X
BURl< 69 X X X X X X
WEST 71 X X X X X X
LONB 72 X X X X X ~.
RESD 74 X X . X. X X X
POMA 75 X X X X X X
LENX 76 X X X X X X
RB 78 X
PASA 79 X X X X X X X
WHTR 80 X X X X X
ANA OC1 X X X X X
SNA OC2 X X
LAH OC3 X X X X
ELM* * X X X X X
VER** X X X X X
*Contaminants measured at each station are identified with an (X).
**Periodic measurc~ents of individual hydrocarbons and continuous measurements
of ozone were made at these stations.
E-6
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buildings such that the probe height is approximately 20 feet above
the ground. In most instances, the distance from the roof-top to the
probe is about four feet. However, greater separations are required
in a few cases to compensate for the potential interference of
surrounding parapets. .
Contaminants for which statewide air quality standards exist are
measured at the County monitoring stations using procedures recommended
by the State of California Air Resources Board. All contaminants are
monitored on a continuous basis, with readings from the measuring
instruments recorded on strip charts. We list below, for each contaminant,
the method of chemical analysis employed by the Air Pollution Control
Districts of Los Angeles and Orange Counties and comment briefly on the
specificity of the procedure.
Total Oxidant
CoZor chance in a 10% buffered potassium iodide 8oZution. About
90% of the iodine is liberated by ozone immediately, oxidants other
than ozone will also liberatp. iodine but at a slm~er rate. The air
sample is not filtered prior to passing through the instrument, and
any substance prescnt which liberates iodine in the solution will be
recorded as oxidant. In particular, N02 will increase the readings
by an ~ount equal to about 10\ of the ~02 concentrations present,
and S02 will decrease the readings by an ~~ount approximately equal
to the S02 concentration.
Carbon Monoxide
Infrared absorption. The air sample is dried to remove water vapor
and filtere~ to remove small particles. As there are no other substances
present in the atmosphere in appreciable quantities which absorb in that
portion of the infrared region which is mqnitored, the method is highly
specific.
Oxides of Nitro~en
J'
CoZOl' change in a modified SaZtzman reagent. N02 is measured
directly. NO is measured as N02 after being oxidized by passing the
sample through a potassium permanganate solution. However, some of
the NO present may not be converted to N02. The presence of other
gases in the sample causes only slight interference.
Tptal Hydrocarbons
FZame ionization. Any substance which ionizes will be recorded,
including oxygenated hydrocarbons and most other organic compounds.
For further discussion of these methods, reference should be made to
the literature on the subject. Particularly valuable are the review
articles of Katz (1968) and Altshuller .(1968).
E-7
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Two fully instrumented trailers, sited at Commerce and El Monte,
were used by Scott Research in their data collection pro~ram. A list
of the procedures used follows. The specificity of some of the methods
have been discussed previously and are not repeated here.
Total. Oxidants
Current flO1JJ as a result of the electrolytic reaction of oxidants
and potassium iodide. A Mast Model 724-2 ozone recorder was used to
make the measurements. This instrument responds to all oxidants and
is accurate to about 2%. In addition, the Commerce trailer was equipped
with a Beckman Hodel K-78 Acralyzer, which measures total oxidant by
monitoring color change in a potassium iodide solution. This instrument
is accurate to about 5%.
Ozone
-
Same as for total oxidants I using /fast recorder. The equipment
is made specific to ozone by means of olefin titration apparatus.
Carbon Honoxide
InfraI'ed absorption. (Corrullerce trailer). A Deckman Model 315 AL
infrared analyzer was used. This apparatus was equipped with an optical
filter to eliminate interference from water vapor.
Gas Chrorrn tOgr'ap71Y (El Monte trai leI') . A Varian-Aerograph noclel
1532-2B gas chromatograph equipped with helium ionization detectors
was used.
Oxides of Nitrogen
Color change in a modified Saltzrrnn solution. At the Commerce
site a Beckman Model K-75 Acralyzer was used with N(l-naphthyl, acetyl)
ethylenediamine substituted for the coupling compound supplied. Also,
the potassium permanganate solution used to oxidize NO to N02 was
replaced with more efficient chromic oxide-impregnated glass fiber
filters. 14anual analyses of air samples were made at both Commerce
and El Bonte, the color changes being measured with a Bausch and Lomb
Spectronic 20 spectrophotometer.
Total ~ydrocarbons
Flame ionization. Beckman Model lOBA and l09A total hydrocarbon
analyzers were used. These instruments are" accurate to about 1'.
E-8
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Individual Cl to CIO Hydrocarbons
Gae chromatography. A Perkin-Elmer Model 900 gas chromatograph
with dual flame ionization detectors was used.
See Scott Research (1970) for further details concerning the
sampling and' analytical procedures employed.
C.
Air Quality Data for 29 and 30 September 1969.
Ground level contaminant concentrations measured by Los Angeles
and Orange County APCD'S for 29 and 30 September 1969 are summarized
in Tables E-4 to E-10. (Table E-8 was derived directly from the contents
of Tables E-6 and E-7.) These concentrations are reported as hourly
averages, the average being taken over the hour immediately following.
For example, concentrations listed at 8:00 &.m. are averages of
concentrations measured during the period, 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. In
contrast, Scott Research reported their data as ten minute averages
at ten minute time intervals over 24 hours. Although their instrumenta-
tion monitored all pollutants on a continuous basis, they recorded
data at one minute intervals during daytime working hours and at ten
minute intervals overnight. Records of data which "lere collected
manually were inserted into the appropriate time period. We have
summarized the relevant data obtained by Scott Research as hourly
averages, the average again being taken over the hour immediately
following in order to present the data in the same manner as Qid the
County authorities. The. data obtained at the Commerce and El Monte
sites on 29 and 30 September 1969 are shown in this re~uced form in
Tables E-12 and E-13. Reference should be made to Scott Research (1970)
for a complete data listing, and to Eschenroeder and Martinez (1970)
for a discussion of the data obtained.
An important part of the Scott data collection and analysis
program was the identification of individual CI to CIO hydrocarbons
and the determination of hydrocarbon composition for air samples
which were ohtained at time intervals of between one and four hours.
Of a total of 120 peaks observed on the chromatograph in the course
of these analyses, 59 individual hydrocarbons were identified. We
have classified these 59 hydrocarbons as being reactive or unreactive,
using a classification scheme similar to that used by the Los Angeles
County APCD. The peak numbers of the hydrocarbons and asscciated
reactivity classification are shown in Table E-14. A total of 19
air samples collected on the two validation days were analyzed, a typical
analysis is sh~ln in Table E-15. Again, reference should be made to
the Scott report for the complete data.
II.
AIR QUALITY DATA ALOFT
We have commented earlier on the uses and limitations of the air
quality data collected aloft in the validation of the airs~ed model.
Tables E-4 to E-lS follow
E-9
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Table E-4. Oxidant Concentrations Measured by Los Angeles and
Orange County Air Pollution Control Districts on 29 and 30 September 1969*
Station Hour PST (29 September 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 13 12 9 8 7 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
60 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 9 16 22 24 28 38 25 14 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
69 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 7 11 14 21 14 11 5 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
71 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 5 10 12 10 10 6 4 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1
72 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 2 1 1- 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1
74 2 1 1 1 2 4 4 9 12 14 10 17 9 6 7 4 '3 2 1 1 1 1 1
75 3 3 3 2 2 2'. 3 9 16 19 14 15 21 21 16 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 2
76 1 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 4 10 7 8 5 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1
79 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 17 26 41 32 20 12 9 6 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
80 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 .6 11 21 34 30 19 12 7 4 5 3 2 1 .1 1 1
OC1 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 3 7 15 31 34 22 17 9 6 3 .1 1 1 1 0 0
.OC2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 7 16 17 19 12 11 8 5 3 2 2 2 1 1 1
OC3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 14 28 35 25 11 7 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
toJ
I
I-'
0
Station Hour PST (30 September 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 7 8 15 22 15 17 13 6 5 4 2 2 2 1 1 2
60 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 7 13 17 18 27 19 15 12 7 3 2 2 2 2 2
69 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 " 6 12 20 20 10 9 8 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
71 1 1 1 ,1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 9 13 10 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
72 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 7 10 7 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
74 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 8 10 9 a 5 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
75 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 16 16 15 9 14 11 9 4 3 2 2 2 2
76 1 1 I' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 7 7 9 4 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2
79 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 7 16 20 23 36 22 20 15 13 6 3 3 2 2 2 2
80 .1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 7 8 10 3 5 7 8 6 5 2 2 2 2 2 1
OC1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 7 12 13 11 10 14 11 11 8 4 3 3 3 2 2
OC2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 6 7 7 7 7 8 7 3 2 1 2 1 1
OC3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 7 4 2 6 7 6 3 1 Q 0 0 0 0
*Concentrations in pphm.
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Table E-5. Carbon Monoxide Concentrati.ons Measured by Los Angeles County
Air Pollution COntrol District on 29 and 30 September 1969*
Station Hour PST (29 September 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1a 19 20 21 22 23
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 7 17 18 6 3 3 2 6 6 5 4 7 4 4 6 9
60 9 10 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 10 8 6 7 9 6 6 4 5 7 7 7 8 9 11
69 9 9 10 11 12 13 15 18 17 9 11 10 11 7 7 5 5 6 12 16 14 16 15 14
71 4 4 3 3 6 5 9 17 17 8 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 6 8
72 2 3 2 2 3 7 9 13 11 9 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 6 5
74 15 13 9 10 9 10 12 16 11 8 6 4 5 3 3 5 5 5 6 7 8 8 8 11
75 8 7 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 6 5 4 5 6 6 6 5 6 5 7 11 10 9
76 5 3 3 3 4 6 15 9 5 5 6 3 3 4 6 6 5 3 4 3 4 3 3
80 5 5 5 4 6 7 11 14 11 11 13 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 5 7
!:'3 . Sta tioft Hour PST (30 September 1969)
,
....
....
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 12 13 15 14 13 19 28 30 32 18 12 6 4 4 7 8 4 4 4 5 7 8 9
60 10 10 9 9 8 B 9 11 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 .7 8 9 9 9
69 14 15 16 16 16 16 21 23 17 14 21 18 13 8 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 11 11
71 . 9 8 8 6 6 8 16 16 11 6 5 4 5 3 3 : 3 3 4 6 6 8 10 10
72 4 4 3 3 3 7 12 20 13 9 7 7 8 6 7 7 6 5 5 7 8 5 5
74 11 11 9 8 6 7 13 19 15 5 4 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 10 12 14. 11 11 10
75 9 7 3 3 3 4 7 9 6 5 6 5 5 6 7 6 6 7 8 12 11 9 9
76 5 3 2 4 8 12 16 12 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 3 4 4 5 6
80 6 4 5 6 7 11 19 9 7 6 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 6 6
*Concentrations in ppm.
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Table E-6. Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured by Los Angeles and
Orange County Air Pollution Control Districts on 29 and 30 September 1969*
Station Hour PST (29 September 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 5 6 6 6 5 4 2 3 11 19 18 10 5 6 7 7 5 4 4 4 3 5
60 13 15 14 13 13 12 12 13 16 11 8 5 5 7 7 11 13 11 11 10 10
69 13 12 12 13 14 15 15 17 25 29 28 19 11 10 11 17 19 13 11 14 15
71 7 7 7 7 9 8 8 12 21 19 14 8 8 8 9 10 9 9 9 8 8 7
72 6 5 5 4 2 4 6 9 17 28 20 22 19 6 13 11 9 8 5 6 7 6 6
74 17 14 12 12 11 13 12 13 21 17 10 4 2 3 3 4 6 7 7 7 7
75 21 20 20 19 17 15 16 18 21 15 10 10 5 8 13 13 14 12 12 14 15 14
76 7 6 4 3 5- 7 8 10 13 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 8 5 5 5 5
79 15 11 9 10 6 7 9 10 9 6 6 12 5 8 6 5 6 9 13 13 13 13 11
80 9 9 8 7' 9 10 11 19 30 37 41 21 10 9 10 12 9 11 11 13 10 9 9
OCl 6 9 8 5 10 8 9 16 20 22 17 12 10 11 6 7 10 11 10 9 8 8 7
OC3 8 7 7 6 6 7 6 10 15 10 14 11 5 3 5 3 5 4 6 7 7 7 7 6
tIJ
I
....
N
Station Hour PST (30 September 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 4 5 5 5 5 3 2 1 7 11 12 8 8 10 8 6 5 6 6 5 6
60 9 9 9 9 8 7 6 8 13 16 11 9 4 4 4 5 ":/ 9 9 8 8 8
69 15 13 13 12 11 10 9 13 25 28 45 50 9 16 20 20 17 16 15 14 15
71 7 7 6 6 6 6 7 12 21 20 24 14 13 7 5 6 4 6 5 5 5 6 6
72 6 5 4 4 <. 4 6 13 22 13 15 18 20 16 15 14 10 7 7 6 4 4
74 7 6 5 4 4 4 4 6 17 17 6 3 1 1 3 13 15 14 13 12 11
75 14 13 9 6 5 5 6 13 20 17 9 10 17 15 14 ,13 16 20 18 15 15
76 5 5 3 4 4 5 5 8 11 23 22 14 14 9 5 5 6 6 6 5
79 9 8 7 6 5 5 6 9 11 9 14 17 5 6 11 14 12 11 11 13 13
80 11 10 10 9 8 7 9 13 21 25 17 27 22 19 13 11 9 7 8 7 5
OC1 7 6 6 5 6 6 9 9 9 7 5 5 7 8 11 11 7 6 5 5 5 5
OC3 8 5 4 4 4 4 4 7 10 13 6 4 5 8. 9 6 7 7 7 6 6 7 6 6
*Concentrations in pphm.
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Table E-7. NO + N02 Concentrations Measured by Los Anqeles an~
Oranqe County Air Pollution Control Districts on 29 and 30 September 1969*
Station Hour PST (29 September 1969)
0 1 2 3 .. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 10 15 16 15 15 20 18 31 47 49 29 15 7 9 12 13 13 15 16 14 14 20
60 17 20 19 18 18 16 18 17 19 12 9 6 6 8 8 12 16 13' 14 14 14
69 32 32 33 37 41 44 . 46 51 52 43 35 22 12 '12 14 29 46 40 42 50 51
71 13 14 11 8 14 16 23 47 S9 2S 17 9 9 10 12 15 10 14 18 18 21 28
72 9 8 7 5 3 20 33 35 35 38 29 30 35 24 34 32 30 28 9 11 19 22 21
74 29 32 31 23 20 22 20 24 28 18 11 5 3 4 4 5 8 11 14 12 15
75 30 24 24 24 22 20 21 24 25 16 11 11 6 9 15 15 17 19 24 34 42 37
76 12 9 5 4 7 10 25 30 22 16 15 6 8 10 11 14 13 6 6 8 8
79 26 17 12 15 9 9 18 26 11 7 7 13 6 10 7 6 8 14 24 31 30 30 29
80 19 20 19 17 21 30 41 53 39 40 43 22 11 10 11 14 10 12 16 26 26 24 28
OC1 15 15 17 11 19 28 30 23 24 23 17 13 11 12 8 8 12 17 14 16 20 20 19
OC3 10 10 9 9 9 8 16 23 23 10 18 13 6 3 6 5 7 7 10 15 17 23 29 22
~
I
~
\.oJ
Station Hour PST (30 September 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 23 32 36 38 40 41 47 52 58 41 22 15 11 14 10 8 8 10 14 20 23
60 14 12 13 13 10 9 10 16 15 17 12 10 5 5 5 6 8 10 10 9 10 10
69 51 S1 55 64 68 65 66 72 74 61 63 55 10 18 24 28 26 29 32 35 37
71 32 31 31 29 24 27 60 S9 45 27 26 ,15 14 8 6 7 5 10 17 16 23 30 33
72 15 11 7 7 8 12 38 58 60 21 22 23 23 21 24 24 19 15 15 18 10 15
74 19 20 18 16 12 10 14 2S 37 22 7 4 2 2 4 14 20 27 32 27 24
75 33 36 22 15 17 20 29 32 28 20 10 11 18 16 15 14 18 27 .30 24 23
76 8 11 4 10 23 40 45 34 18 31 25 18 25 15 7 6 8 12 21 20
79 21 13 10 8 7 10 29 28 14 10 15 18 6 7 12 16 15 15 16 25 28
80 25 19 21 2S 22 34 54 40 34 32 19 28 23 20 14 13 12 12 17 15 11
OC1 20 21 22 26 15 27 32 10 9 7 6 6 8 12 12 12 11 9 10 13 9 9
OC3 19 12 12 10 10 12 32 41 20 20 8 4 6 13 11 a 9 10 10 12 10 11 10 9
*Concentrations in pphm.
-------
Table E-8. Ni tric Oxide Concentrations 11.easured by Los Angeles County
Air Pollution Control District on 29 and 30 September 1969*
Station Hour PST ( 29 September 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 . 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 5 9 10 9 10 16 16 28 36 30 11 5 2 3 5 6 8 11 12 10 11 15
60 4 5 5 5 5 4 6 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 4 4
69 19 20 21 24 27 29 31 34 27 14 7 3' 1 2 3 12 27 27 31 36 36
71 6 7 4 1 5 8 15 35 38 6 3 1 1 2 3 5 1 5 9 10 13 21
72 3 3 2. 1 1 16 .27 26 18 10 9 8 16 18 21 21 21 20 4 5 12 16 15
71. 12. 18 19 11 9 9 8 11 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 7 5 8
75 9 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 7 12 20 27 23
76 5 3 1 1 2 3 17. 20 9 6 4 1 2 3 3 5 5 1 1 3 3
79 11 6 3 5 3 " 9 16 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 5 11 18 17' 17 18
..
80 10 11 11 10 12 20 30 34 9 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 13 16 15 19
tIJ
I
...
... Station Hour PST (30 September 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 19 27 31 33 3S 38 45 S1 51 30 10 7 3 4 2 2 3 4 8 1S 17
60 5 3 4 4 2 2 4 8 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
69 36 38 42 S2 57 55 57 59 49 33 18 5 1 2 4 8 9 13 17 21 22
71 25 24, 25 23 18 21 53 47 24 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 12 11 18 24 27
72 9 6 3 3 4 8 32 45 38 8 7 5 3 5 9 10 9 8 8 12 6 11
74 12 14 13 12 8 6 10 19 20 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 S 13 19 15 13
75 19 23 13 9 12 15 23 19 8 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 7 12 9 8
76 3 6 1 6 19 35 40 26 7 8 3 4 11 6 2 1 2 6 15 15
79 12 5 3 2 2 5 23 19 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 12 15
80 14 9 11 16 14 27 45 27 13 7 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 9 8 6
*Concentrations in pphm.
-------
Table E-9. Tatal-Hydrocarbon Concentrations (as Methane) Measured by Los Angeles
and Orange County Air Pollution Control Districts on 29 and 30 September 1969*
Station Hour PST (29 September 1969)
,,0 -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 6 5 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 6
60 7 7 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 5 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 8
79 4 4 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 4 4 5
OC1 5 B 6 5 7 B 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 4
ttJ
I
....
U1
Station Hour PST (30 September 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 6 8 9 8 10 9 4 3 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4
60 -
B 10 11 10 8 9 8 7 6 5 5 5 6 6 4 5 4 5 6 8 9 8 7 9
79 5 4 3 3 3 4 5 5 3 . 3 3 4 5 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 5
OC1 6 6 7 8 8 9 13 6 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
*Concentrations in ppm.
-------
Table E-lO. Methane Concentrations Measured by Los Angeles County
Air Pollution Control District on 29 and 30 September 1969*
station Hour PST (29 SepteIl'ber 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19. 20 21 22 23
1 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 4
60 4 4 5 6 5 4 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4
79 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3
tIJ
I Station HOur PST (30 Septer.\ber 1969)
,...
0\
0 1 2 ;3 4 5 6 7 8. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 4 5 9 6 6 6 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
60 4 6 6 6 4 5 5 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 4 5 4 4 4
79 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 :2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4
*Concentrations in ppm.
-------
Table E-ll. Parameter Coding Index Used
in Tables E-12 and E-13*
OXA - Total oxidant (Acralyzer), pphm
ox - Total oxidant (Hast), pphm
OXR - Residual oxidant, pphm
03 - Ozone, pphm
NOM - Nitric oxide (manual), pphm
NO - Nitric oxide (Acralyzer), pphm
N02H - Nitrogen dioxide (manual), pphm
N02 - Nitrogen dioxide (Acralyzer), pphm
IIC - Total hydrocarbons (as methane), ppm
CO - Carbon monoxide, ppm
* See Section I, Part B for measurement techniques used.
E-17
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Table E-12. Summary of Contaminant Concentrations Measured by Scott Research
at E1 Monte on 29 and 30 September 1~69*
Contaminant" Hour PST (29 Septexrber 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
OX** 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 7 15 25 27 16 11 6 4 2 4 2 3 1 0 0
OXR 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 2" 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 1 0 0
03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 13 22 23 14 7 5 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
NOM 7 5 3 3 2 2 1 1 1
N02M 22 23 17 18 13 8 8 8 8
HC 4 6 5 5 6 5 3 3 3 3 4 4
CO 8 6 6 9 5 3 2 2 4 5 3
to3
I
....
CD
Contaminant Hour PST (30"September 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21" 22 23
OX 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 4 7 10 14 17 13 11 7 3 1 1 1 1 1 0
OXR 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 9 13 16 11 9 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
NOM 4 22 8 3 2 2 " 2 1 2 1 2
N02M 3 33 26 17 12 12 11 8 7 9 13
HC 7 6" 5 4 4 4 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 5 6 7
CO 11 13 5 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 4 3
*See Section I, Part C for a description of the derivation of this table.
**See Table E-11 for parameter coding index.
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Table E-13. Summary of Contaminant Concentrations Measured by Scott Research
at Commerce on 29 and 30 September 1969*
Comtaminant Hour PST (29 September 1969)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
OXA** 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 7 11 17 21 14 11 9 6 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 0
OX 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 9 12 8 5 5 4. 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 2
OXR ~ 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 2
03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 5 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
NOM 40 41 48 25 9 6 7 2
NO 11 14 14 13 21 23 26 32 22 15 7 6 3 9 6 9 1 5 9. 8
N02!1 11 12 16 32 38 30 13 10
N02 7 7 8 7 10 11 10 16 26 32 25 14 10 9 7 7 4 3 5 '4 3 3 3
HC 3 4 5 4 5 7 8 10 7 9 6 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 6 7
CO 7 7 7 7 10 9 12 17 15 15 9 6 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 5 6 6 7
tIJ
I Contaminant Hour PST (30 Se~tember 1969)
....
ID
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 "1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
OXA 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 6 13 19 17 12 5 4 4 1 1 0 0 0
OX 2 2 .2 2 2 2- 3 4 4 4 4 9 15 13 9 5 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
OXR 2 2- 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3; 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 12 10 6 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
NOI-1 70 37 20 11 8
NO 17 23 22 28 29 35 38 31 17 10 5 2 1 0 1 4 4 2 0 0 7 12 13 14
N02l-1 11 12 17 30 27 26
N02 5 4 5 6 6 6 8 12 16 18 17 14 11 6 3 4 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 1
HC 8 9 8 12 11 12 13 12 8 6 5 5 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 4
CO 11 10 10 12 14 17 22 17 11 8 7 6 6 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 6 6 7 6
*See Section I, Part C for a description of the derivation of this table.
**See Table E-11 for parameter coding index.
-------
Table E-14. Peak Indexing and Reactivity Classification of Atmospheric Hydrocarbons
Observed in Chromatograph Analysis Carried Out by Scott Research
Reactivity Peak Reactivity Peak
Classification Number Compound Classification Number Compound
u* 1 Methane U 35 Benzene + Cyclohexane
U 2 Ethane U 36 2-Methylhexane +
R 3 Ethylene 2,3-Dimethylpentane
U 4 Propane U 37 3-l-1ethylhexane
R 5 Propylene U 41 2,2,4-~rimethylpentane
U 6 Acetylene R 42 l-Heptene + ?
U 7 Isobutane U 43 n-Heptane
U 8 Butane U 46 Methylcyclohexane
R 9 Butenes U 49 2,4-Dimethylhexane
U 10 Isopentane U 50 2,5-Dimethylhexane
R 11 l-Pentene + U 54 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
2-Uethyl-l-butene R SS '1'01 uene
U 12 n-Pentane U 62 n-Octane
tIJ R 13 trans-2-Pentene R 70 Ethy lbenzene
I R 14 cis-2-Pentene R 73 m + p-Xylene
N
o R 15 2-Methyl-2-butene R 77 o-Xylene
U 16 2,2-Dimethylbutane U 80 n-Nonane
R 19 cyclopentene R 83 I sopropylbenzene
,U 20 Cyclopentane R 89 n-Propylbenzene
U 21 2,3-DimethylbutAne R 90 4-Ethyltoluene
U 22 2-Methylpentane R 91 3-Ethyltoluene
U 23 3-Methylpentane R 93 1,3,S-Trimethylbenzene
R 24 I-Hexene R 94 2-Ethyltoluene
U 25 n-Hexane R 96 tert-Butylbenzene
R 26 trans-3-Hexene R 97 1,2,4-TrimethyIbenzene
R 27 trans-2-Hexene U 99 n-Decane
R 28 cis- 3-Hexene R 100 sec-Butylbenzene
R 29 cis-2-Hexene R 101 IsobutyIbenzene
U 30 r~thY1cyclopentane R 108 n-Butylbenzene
U 31 2,4-Dimethylpentane U 114 n-Undecane
*U--Unreacti ve 1 R-- Reacti ve
-------
Table E-15. Example of Hydrocarbon Analysis Made by Scott Research
at E1 Monte, 29 September 1969 at 09~5 PST
Peak* PPB ~ PPB Peak PPB Peak PPB Peak ' PPB Peak PPB
- - - - - - - -
1 2808.00 21 0.00 41 0.60 ElL 3.69 81 0.00 101 0.00
2 82.85 22 3.56 42 0.00 62 4.12 82 0..00 102 0.00
3 64.28 23 2.52 43 1.37 63 0.00 83 2.88 103 0.00
4 36.41 24 0.00 44 0.00 64 0.00 84 0.00 104 0.00
5 20.81 25 8.22 45 0.00 65 0.00 85 0.00 105 0.00
6 43.86 26 0.00 46 0.00 66 0.00 86 0.00 106 0.00
7 16.48 27 0.00 47 0.00 67 0.00 87 0.00 107 0.00
8 50.94 28 0.00 48 0.00 68 0.00 88 0.00 108 0.00
9 0.00 29 0.00 49 0.00 69 0.00 89 0.00 109 0.00
10 16.53 30 2.16 50 0.00 70 4.00 90 6.59 110 0.00
11 0.00 31 0.00 51 0.00 71 0.00 91 0.00 111 0.00
12 7.14 32 0.00 52 0.00 72 0.00 92 0.00 112 0.00
13 0.00 33 0.00 53 0.00 73 16. 24 93 12.73 . 113 0.17
14 0.00 34 0.00 54 1.12 74 0.00 94 0.00 114 0.00
15 0.00 35 5.34 55 27.94 75 0.00 95 14.34 115 2.85
16 0.00 36 2.43 56 0.00 76 0.00 96 0.00 116 0.00
17 0.00 37 1.44 57 0.00 77 7.93 97 0.00 117 0.00
19 0.00 38 0.00 59 0.00 78 0.00 98 0.00 118 0.00
19 0.00 39 0.00 59 0.00 79 3.54 99 14.44 119 0.00
20 0.00 40 0.00 60 0.00 80 0.00 100 0.00 120 0.00
TOTAL CONCENTPATION 3297.51
*See TaL1e E-14
E"21
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In accordance with the restricted application of these data, we limit
the discussion of this section to a brief" description of the means whereby
the airborne data were obtained. Reference should be made to the Scott
study cited earlier for a complete description of the methods used for
data collection and reduction and for a presentation of the data.
The airborne data were collected by two methods: helicopter and
aircraft. Section A describes the procedure whereby data were collected
with the aid of aircraft and Section B describes the helicopter program.
A.
Aircraft Data Collection Program
During the period August 18 to November 19, 1969 the Scott Research
Laboratories flew 26 aircraft flights over the Los Angeles Basi~ in
order to make measurements of chemical and meteorological variables
in the atmosphere. Two flights were made on both the 29 and 30 Septeriber,
commencing at about 7:30 a.m. and noon PST each day. These flights
originated and terminated at El ~IDnte Airport and had a duration of
approximately 1 1/2 hours. The flight plan, which is illustrated in
Figure E-2, iscescribed in detail in the Scott report beginning on
page 3-2 of Volume I.
During the course of all flights, air temperature, relative humidity,
oxiaant concentration, and incoming and outgoing ultraviolet i'.:adiation
were continuously measured and recorded. These parameters are reported
at 10-second intervals for the duration of each flight. In addition, a
number of Teclar bag air samples were taken when the aircraft was in
level flight. The contents of the bags were analyzed later to determine
the concentrations of the individual Cl to CIO hydrocarbons, NO, N02
and CO. .
B.
Tetroon and Helicopter Data Collection Program
,. ".'
An ESSA research program to map air trajectories was conducted
during September and early October 1969 as part of a study of air
quality in the Los Angeles Basin. Tetroons (free balloons) were
released from various sites in the basin, their paths being tracked
by ground-based radar. In addition, their trajectories were followed
by a helicopter equipped to collect air samples in Tedlar bags in the
vicinity of the tetroons. These samples were analyzed in the same
manner as those collected by aircraft. See Scott Research (1970) for
a complete listing of sample analyses.
Five helicopter flights were flown on the days of the 29 and 30
September. In order to compare the helicopter and tetroon trajectories
for these days, it is necessary to refer to the ~escriptions of tetroon
flights in Pack, et ale (1970) and the descriptions of helicopter flights
in Scott Research (1970). Several flight paths have been plotted in
Eschenroeder and Martinez (1970) showing the helicopter and tetroon
trajectories simultaneously. One of the plots shown is for a 29 September
flight, one of our validation days.
Figure E-2 follows
E-22
-------
. .
. '. . .
. . . .
15 I . 1~T~J=+-~- -~ '~~1I'f-~ 1/~=[~iYf -"-~. 17 t:=1i~~-11:~- .:-~~tr!=r~Ci!S 2S'
M ! 1 ! ~_! ;. ~ ~ . - ~-- ~ I 24
23 ' I " I --,- I ~ i. '---1 :.-1'-' -~- -1'- I--;-r- B '
21 - I - H_LJ---r'-~r.-r--r~i ~f-r I !I 'j i i 2'1
l' r-+- mT~'-. . i -'-r-I -',: '! i TT " i' '-, '
20 . ~lt. '! . I i - ~ !! ! i: ! j ; I 2D'
Iii .. 1-. - --1- --ff- --.t!-ji--l--rt. L rT1- i ,'/
18 . - T~ -r --rt--r-r- '--i--J~--r-, - --I'---:t~-1--'8
----l- . - -4 ... -+ ~._. I I I. I
11 i -- - !-:---I iT-I 1- !.- ;-- (- --. '.-r--,- I --r-r-r"-l '7
=,- .. '-~ ---r--r----:- j I T.:-r.:; -4--+-+. ---- -i-4-~---t-
" : I ,: ! I: !!:2: I 1 I I ! I : i Ii.
. ~. , '. : "-:'- . ,~, I I'
I~t-+~W- ::'! J _l_;_+I.: ..__~~W-~L~_-+! IS",
'lt~'I!.__l--,~.i__-- ~. - -1---1 -4-~--l-:- - ~.._~--!- y~- _-l-l_+-l-~ .__J- _LJ-_- If .:
13 I:: ! i ': '--.-~' j' 'i I ! i I
I I .: ;!, j ,I! 3 j' I I , : j 13
. " 12 --1""':-:'---;-:--- ---- -T--; -~ -;- I i -, : . , ~I' -j-- 11-
b J'--!---i ,...:.- '-1--- ._- t. -1'--15-1-- --i-'i--tuT-- -.r--1-~'! ----r- --'i--l----j--- "
. Ie i ,. i! ii, j I I ; I I! I i.'. i ; 1 '0
t-+-!--i- -t- ._~_..+-- -;--+--;---,-- --~-+j-- -- ---:-"-- _J_,-
: 'H~+- '-f-.,--1c-r -+i-j-+" -+tr - --+---++ ;
7 L~I-~~~~-=~_,~,I I-~=t-~H.:- --+~t!_j= --=t--'-"1r!- 7
': I '! !.: ! /C7j I I: '. I . I . {.
. si' ! ,\ i' i i I i I -I 'H~ 1 I l 1'1 s
~ -=.!,; ~tr~f-. . _l-PI- H,--t.+ '-T1=f:'::':=-- ~~ =-I -- 4
1 I . ,-0-- _-+,_L+- I .-I1.---~ -H --- -- -. 3
I ;-;: tl=lj- -tt : --!--i~ II '
. I 1 "3 ... 5 E. 1 8 q '0 If 11 '.3 'ft 11" 17 i1 '" 10
.. ."
-.:. .~
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
El ~tont'e Airport
Commerce
Intersection of Los
Hawthorne Airport
Alondra Park
Anqeles and, Rio Hondo Rivers
Spiral ascents and/or descents to collect data were made over
El Monte, Commerce and Alondra Park.
Figure E-2.
Aircraft Flight Plan
E-23
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References
Altshul1er, A. P., "Analysis of Organic Gaseous Pollutants," in Air
POllution, (A. Stern, Ed.) Vol. II, Academic Press, 2nd Edi~n
(1968).
Eschenroeder, A. Q. and Martinez, J. R., "Analysis of Los Angeles
Atmospheric Reaction Data fran 1968 and 1969," Final Report,
Project No. CAPA-7-68, General Research Corporation (July 1970).
Katt, M., "Analysis of Inorganic Gaseous Pollutants," in Air POllution,
(A. Stern, Ed.) Vol. II, Academic Press, 2nd Edition (1968).
Pack, D. H'., et a1., "Tetroon Flights in Los Angeles, California - 1969,"
ESSA Technical Memorandum ERLTM-ARL 19 (June 1970).
Scott Research Laboratories, Inc., "Final Report, 1969 Atmospheric
Reaction Studies in the Los Angeles Basin," Vo1s. I-IV (February
1970) .
E-2'4
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