AIR QUALITY DATA USED IN MODEL VALIDATION Appendix £ of Development of a Simulation Model for Estimating Ground Level Concentrations of Photochemical Pollutants Prepared by Systems Applications, Inc. Beverly Hills, California 90212 for the Air Pollution Control Office of the Environmental Protection Agency Durham, North Carolina 27701 ------- AIR QUALITY DATA USED IN MODEL VALIDATION Appendix E of Development of a Simulation 1.lodel for Estimating Ground Level Concentrations of Photochemical Pollutants Philip J. W. Roberts Philip M. Roth Report 7lSAI-7 April 1971 Prepared by systems Applications, Inc. Beverly Hills, California 90212 for the Air Pollution Control Office of the Environmental Protection Agency Durham, North Carolina 27701 under Contract CPA 70-148 ------- '. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to Mr. Julian Foon and Mr. Edward Camarena of the Los Angeles and Orange County Air Pollution Control Districts, respectively, for supplying us with the air quality data presented in this Appendix. We wish, in addition, to express our gratitude to Mr. Camarena for patiently answering our many questions concerning the methods of data collection employed by Orange County. Finally, we extend our thanks to Mr. William D. HOliand of the Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District, who rendered the same courtesies in providing us with methodological information regarding the data collected in Los Angeles County. ------- CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. I. II. . . . . . . AIR QUALITY DATA AT GROUND LEVEL . . A. contaminant Monitoring Network. B. Sampling and Measurement Procedures Air Quality Data for 29 and 30 September 1969 c. AIR QUALITY DATA ALOFT. A. Aircraft Data Collection Program . B. Helicopter Data Collection Program . References. . . . , , <.. . . '. . . Page . . . . E-1 . E-2 . E-2 . . . . E-2 . E-9 . E-9 . E-22 . . . . E-22 E-24 ------- '- INTRODUCTION Validation of an urban airshed model consists in demonstrating that predictions and experimental measurements of ground level contaminant concentrations compare favorably over a wide variety of conditions. Ideally, such comparisons should be made using data collected throughout the course of a "validation day," at a number of locations covering the air basin. Furthermore, severaL days should be selected for study such that all meteorological conditions typical of the airshed are represented. In the summertime, for example, Los Angeles experiences the effects of a semi-permanent anticyclone lying off tlle coast--low to moderate westerly winds, a strong subsidence inversion, and the virtual absence of cloud cover (and thus, strong solar insolation). From time to time, however, Santa Ana conditions prevail--hot, dry ~linds e~anating from the desert to the east. A truly satisfactory model must demonstrate reasonable agreement between predicted and measured ~oncentrations throughout the course of a day for these, as \'ell as other, expected meteorological conditions. Due to restrictions in time and funding, and because this project represents only an initial attempt to develop an acceptable airshed model, we have substantially limited the scope of this validation effort. In particular, we have selected only two days to serve as "validation days"-- Monday, September 29, and Tuesday, September 30, 1969. It is our expectation, however, that a more comprehensive validation program will be undertaken before the model is "accepted." Two factors were paramount in the selection of the two validation days. First, meteorological conditions typical of a smoggy summer day in Los Angeles prevailed. Second, a particularly rich data base exists for these days with respect to both air quality and meteorology. In addition to the routine collection of contaminant concentration data at fourteen ground sites in the Basin by the Los Angeles and Orange County Air Pollution Control Districts, chemical analyses were made of air samples obtained aloft by both airplane and helicopter. Also, Scott Research Laboratories operated two additional monitoring stations during this period, and they have provided an air quality record that is particularly detailed in the characterization of hydrocarbons. Finally, the days selected are two of only fourteen in 1969 on which vertical temperature soundings were taken not only at Los Angeles International Airport, but also at three additional locations in the basin. These soundings provide far more detailed information concerning the nature of the inversion than is commonly available. The stated goal of the model development effort is the accurate prediction of pollutant concentrations at ground level. Thus, emphasis was placed on validation with respect to this portion of the data base. Air quality data collected aloft are less useful, as little is kno~ about wind speed and direction at elevations greater than about 30 feet above the ground. While the prediction of concentra~ions aloft is not a justifiable undertaking under these circumstances, the data still ------- have value, in that they provide insight into several atmospheric phenomena of interest. These include the possible presence of air . parcels bearing pollutants formed on previous days, the magnitude of vertical eddy diffusivities, and variations in the rates of production of secondary pollutants with elevation (an effect attributable to the absorption and scattering of incoming radiation by atmospheric pollutants). This Appendix is devoted to the presentation and summarization of available air quality data for Septe~ber 29 and 30, 1969. In Section I we describe the ground level contaminant monitoring network of the Los Angeles Basin and survey the methods employed in the acquisition of , air quality data. We then present the relevant data for September 29 and 30, 1969. In Section II, the airborne data collection program is described. I. AIR QUALITY DATA AT GROUND LEVEL This discussion focuses on the air quality data collected at ground stations throughout the Los Angeles Basin and used in the validation of the airshed model. In Part A of this section the ground level contaminant monitoring network is described. The sampling and chemical analysis procedures eMployed at the monitoring .stations are discussed in Part B. Finally, in Part C, the air qua~ity data for the validation days are presented. A. Contaminant 110ni toring Neb:ork In September 1969, the contaminant monitoring network of the Los Angeles Basin consisted of eleven stations operated by the Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District and three operated by the Orange County Air Pollution Control District. All of these stations, except one, are located inside the 50 mile square modeling area. The Pomona station, in Los Angeles County, is situated approxi- mately one mile east of the eastern boundary of the modeling area. In addition, the Scott Research Laboratories, under contract to the Coordinating Research Council, made comprehensive measurements of ground level contaminant concentrations during this period at two locations in the basin. The locations of the sixteen monitoring stations are shown on Figure E-l and their street addresses in Table E-l. As several of the monitoring stations are located near major sources of contaminants (freeways, power plants, airports, refineries), we present in Table E-2 a brief description of the locale in the immediate vicinity of each station. The contaminants measured at each station are identified in Table E-3. B. Sampling and Measurement Procedures The place~Bnt and positioning of air sampling probes by the Los Angeles and Orange County Air Pollution Control Districts has been largely standardized. Probes are usually mounted on single-story E-2 Fj.gure E-l and Tables E-l.to E-3 follow ------- '- I :1 ~ '" S '" 7 .J-T!'-r-L~- ../L.r!tIJ.3'r!..t...r!S" .!!!.....'..7-..!1T~-!-;'~ !-~~~f2_L~T2f] r -T--T-'- -...,-'It-1 . . ~~ ---:-.--..- 4 .'"1""- -.. .Lx - ..-t" --'1 .- -. -! 0_.'; -- ~ - n ~.. __+__.1..- 'j-' -11: .-..- ...-.!-. --;_...~ ... :: : ~-+- - .~ -}---:--'-T----;---+----;------ -_....: -.. 7"-+- 1'-- "-'--1..-n. " :---1'"-- B ; i i ! X 'i. I t!'. ;, I I i I . : 23 ---.---.!-.-;-- .---.. :""1--_.~it. -:- "-".~-''''-.r''.-' T- --.-.- "--~-'---;---T--- _.~-~----~-_. 21 : J ~ RES:O I: I !.". . 1! :!.! 2'1 . --.. '-------,-- __'n_'_- --"aUR!:' - --r-' ---~-_._--,- . - ,. "---;---7-- -- --r-'--r----. 2.' ""': i !.: i 2-1 , ' oAZU lD ~~-~-~- 1'1 ! ; i i I -_!.~_.. I , . Ie . Ii! ,: J1,~='; =t~--:~-~~-_. ~n_~~~;i~~~~-~~~ -. --n.IC~P" . , I . ,( . :: a;.! : n --:. ".-..-.1-------.. . I 20 - -..-----... .....-... .. .. I . .--.~-.--+_. . Ii .....--. .__.~--;---~_.- ~- I) 2 --- 2. ~ ~ 5 Eo Figure E-l. Locations of r-tonitoring Stations Relative to Major Contaminant Sources in the Los Angeles Basin " - freeways . - oil refineries A - power plants . - airports o - contaminant monitoring stations t..3 ------- Station Number 1 60 69 71 72 74 75 76 78 79 80 OCl OC2 OC3 Scott Research Table E-l. Addresses and Locations of Contaminant Monitoring Stations in the Los Angeles Basin Station Code Name CAP AZU BURl< WEST LONB RESD POl-1A LENX RB PASA WHTR ANA SNA IAH II: Address 434 S. San Pedro Street, Los Angeles (at 4th Street) 803 N. Loren Avenue, Azusa (two blocks north of Foothill Boulevard) 228 W. Palm Avenue, Burbank (at Victory Boulevard) 2351 Westwood Boulevard, I~s Angeles (1/2 block north of Pico Boulevard) 3648 N. Long Beach Boulevard, Long Beach (at 36th Street) 18330 Gault Street, Reseoa (at Etiwanda Avenue) 924 N. Garey Avenue, Pomona (at Kingsley Street) 11408 La Cienega Boulevard, Los Angeles (at Imperial Boulevard) 615 E. Anita Street, Redondo Beach (at Pacific Coast nighway) 1201 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena (at \o7ilson Avenue) 14427 Leffin~~ell Road, Whittier (at Telegraph Road) 1010 S. Harbor Boulevard, Anaheim (at Vermont Avenue) Pau1orino Avenue, Near Airport Control Tower, Orange County Airport, Santa Ana 621 Ocean Avenue, La Habra (at Walnut Street) El Monte Airport 4545 E. Washington Boulevard, City of Commerce (at Long Beach ~reeway) E-4 ------- Table E-2. Siting of Contaminant ~onitoring Stations in the Los Angeles Basin Station Number Station Code Name , 1 CAP 60 AZU 69 BURl< 71 WEST 72 LONB 74 RESD 75 POM 76 LENX 78 RB 79 PASA 80 WHTR OCl ANA OC2 SNA OC3 LAH Scott Research } r~1 VER Surrounded by four freeways, approximately one mile from each. Sampling probe is suspended outside a sixth-floor window. Approximately 3/8 mile north of Foothill Freeway. Approximately 150 meters southwest of Burbank power plant and 300 meters southwest of Golden State Freeway. Approximately 1/4 mile northeast of San Diego Freeway and 1/4 mile north of Santa Bonica Free\...ay. Wind direction is predominantly southwest during the day, the station is thus affected by the freeways. Approximately 200 wsters north of San Diogo Freeway. Wind direction is predowinantly south during the day; the station will be affected by freeway at these times. Approximately 2 miles north of Ventura Freeway. Approximately 1/3 mile south of San Bernardino Freeway. Immediately west of San Diego Freeway and immediately southeast of Los Angeles International Airport. Wind direction is predominantly southwest, however, so station should not be unduly affected by these sources. ApproximatelY 300 meters northeast of Redondo Beach power plant. Station measures only 502. Approximately 1 1/4 miles east/northeast of Pasadena power plant. Station may be affected by pow~r plant during the day. ' Located on main street, no other major sources near site. Approximately 200 meters northeast of Santa' Ana Freeway. Approximately 150 meters west/northwest of runway at Orange County Airport and 1/4 mile south of San Diego Freeway. . Station is probably affected by aircraft emissions. No major sources near,site. At El Honte Airport and approximately 1 mile north of San Bernardino Freeway. Less than 100 meters west of Long Beach Freeway and 1 mile south of Santa Ana Freeway. E-S ------- Table E-3. Contaminants Measured at Each of the Los Angeles Basin lIDnitoring Stations During September 1969 ~nant' Total HC, as Station 0Y-i1ant CO S02 N02 NO NO + N02 Methane Methane CAP 1 X X X X X X X X AZU 60 X X X X X X X BURl< 69 X X X X X X WEST 71 X X X X X X LONB 72 X X X X X ~. RESD 74 X X . X. X X X POMA 75 X X X X X X LENX 76 X X X X X X RB 78 X PASA 79 X X X X X X X WHTR 80 X X X X X ANA OC1 X X X X X SNA OC2 X X LAH OC3 X X X X ELM* * X X X X X VER** X X X X X *Contaminants measured at each station are identified with an (X). **Periodic measurc~ents of individual hydrocarbons and continuous measurements of ozone were made at these stations. E-6 ------- buildings such that the probe height is approximately 20 feet above the ground. In most instances, the distance from the roof-top to the probe is about four feet. However, greater separations are required in a few cases to compensate for the potential interference of surrounding parapets. . Contaminants for which statewide air quality standards exist are measured at the County monitoring stations using procedures recommended by the State of California Air Resources Board. All contaminants are monitored on a continuous basis, with readings from the measuring instruments recorded on strip charts. We list below, for each contaminant, the method of chemical analysis employed by the Air Pollution Control Districts of Los Angeles and Orange Counties and comment briefly on the specificity of the procedure. Total Oxidant CoZor chance in a 10% buffered potassium iodide 8oZution. About 90% of the iodine is liberated by ozone immediately, oxidants other than ozone will also liberatp. iodine but at a slm~er rate. The air sample is not filtered prior to passing through the instrument, and any substance prescnt which liberates iodine in the solution will be recorded as oxidant. In particular, N02 will increase the readings by an ~ount equal to about 10\ of the ~02 concentrations present, and S02 will decrease the readings by an ~~ount approximately equal to the S02 concentration. Carbon Monoxide Infrared absorption. The air sample is dried to remove water vapor and filtere~ to remove small particles. As there are no other substances present in the atmosphere in appreciable quantities which absorb in that portion of the infrared region which is mqnitored, the method is highly specific. Oxides of Nitro~en J' CoZOl' change in a modified SaZtzman reagent. N02 is measured directly. NO is measured as N02 after being oxidized by passing the sample through a potassium permanganate solution. However, some of the NO present may not be converted to N02. The presence of other gases in the sample causes only slight interference. Tptal Hydrocarbons FZame ionization. Any substance which ionizes will be recorded, including oxygenated hydrocarbons and most other organic compounds. For further discussion of these methods, reference should be made to the literature on the subject. Particularly valuable are the review articles of Katz (1968) and Altshuller .(1968). E-7 ------- Two fully instrumented trailers, sited at Commerce and El Monte, were used by Scott Research in their data collection pro~ram. A list of the procedures used follows. The specificity of some of the methods have been discussed previously and are not repeated here. Total. Oxidants Current flO1JJ as a result of the electrolytic reaction of oxidants and potassium iodide. A Mast Model 724-2 ozone recorder was used to make the measurements. This instrument responds to all oxidants and is accurate to about 2%. In addition, the Commerce trailer was equipped with a Beckman Hodel K-78 Acralyzer, which measures total oxidant by monitoring color change in a potassium iodide solution. This instrument is accurate to about 5%. Ozone - Same as for total oxidants I using /fast recorder. The equipment is made specific to ozone by means of olefin titration apparatus. Carbon Honoxide InfraI'ed absorption. (Corrullerce trailer). A Deckman Model 315 AL infrared analyzer was used. This apparatus was equipped with an optical filter to eliminate interference from water vapor. Gas Chrorrn tOgr'ap71Y (El Monte trai leI') . A Varian-Aerograph noclel 1532-2B gas chromatograph equipped with helium ionization detectors was used. Oxides of Nitrogen Color change in a modified Saltzrrnn solution. At the Commerce site a Beckman Model K-75 Acralyzer was used with N(l-naphthyl, acetyl) ethylenediamine substituted for the coupling compound supplied. Also, the potassium permanganate solution used to oxidize NO to N02 was replaced with more efficient chromic oxide-impregnated glass fiber filters. 14anual analyses of air samples were made at both Commerce and El Bonte, the color changes being measured with a Bausch and Lomb Spectronic 20 spectrophotometer. Total ~ydrocarbons Flame ionization. Beckman Model lOBA and l09A total hydrocarbon analyzers were used. These instruments are" accurate to about 1'. E-8 ------- Individual Cl to CIO Hydrocarbons Gae chromatography. A Perkin-Elmer Model 900 gas chromatograph with dual flame ionization detectors was used. See Scott Research (1970) for further details concerning the sampling and' analytical procedures employed. C. Air Quality Data for 29 and 30 September 1969. Ground level contaminant concentrations measured by Los Angeles and Orange County APCD'S for 29 and 30 September 1969 are summarized in Tables E-4 to E-10. (Table E-8 was derived directly from the contents of Tables E-6 and E-7.) These concentrations are reported as hourly averages, the average being taken over the hour immediately following. For example, concentrations listed at 8:00 &.m. are averages of concentrations measured during the period, 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. In contrast, Scott Research reported their data as ten minute averages at ten minute time intervals over 24 hours. Although their instrumenta- tion monitored all pollutants on a continuous basis, they recorded data at one minute intervals during daytime working hours and at ten minute intervals overnight. Records of data which "lere collected manually were inserted into the appropriate time period. We have summarized the relevant data obtained by Scott Research as hourly averages, the average again being taken over the hour immediately following in order to present the data in the same manner as Qid the County authorities. The. data obtained at the Commerce and El Monte sites on 29 and 30 September 1969 are shown in this re~uced form in Tables E-12 and E-13. Reference should be made to Scott Research (1970) for a complete data listing, and to Eschenroeder and Martinez (1970) for a discussion of the data obtained. An important part of the Scott data collection and analysis program was the identification of individual CI to CIO hydrocarbons and the determination of hydrocarbon composition for air samples which were ohtained at time intervals of between one and four hours. Of a total of 120 peaks observed on the chromatograph in the course of these analyses, 59 individual hydrocarbons were identified. We have classified these 59 hydrocarbons as being reactive or unreactive, using a classification scheme similar to that used by the Los Angeles County APCD. The peak numbers of the hydrocarbons and asscciated reactivity classification are shown in Table E-14. A total of 19 air samples collected on the two validation days were analyzed, a typical analysis is sh~ln in Table E-15. Again, reference should be made to the Scott report for the complete data. II. AIR QUALITY DATA ALOFT We have commented earlier on the uses and limitations of the air quality data collected aloft in the validation of the airs~ed model. Tables E-4 to E-lS follow E-9 ------- Table E-4. Oxidant Concentrations Measured by Los Angeles and Orange County Air Pollution Control Districts on 29 and 30 September 1969* Station Hour PST (29 September 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 13 12 9 8 7 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 60 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 9 16 22 24 28 38 25 14 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 69 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 7 11 14 21 14 11 5 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 71 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 5 10 12 10 10 6 4 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 72 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 2 1 1- 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 74 2 1 1 1 2 4 4 9 12 14 10 17 9 6 7 4 '3 2 1 1 1 1 1 75 3 3 3 2 2 2'. 3 9 16 19 14 15 21 21 16 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 2 76 1 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 4 10 7 8 5 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 79 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 17 26 41 32 20 12 9 6 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 80 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 .6 11 21 34 30 19 12 7 4 5 3 2 1 .1 1 1 OC1 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 3 7 15 31 34 22 17 9 6 3 .1 1 1 1 0 0 .OC2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 7 16 17 19 12 11 8 5 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 OC3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 14 28 35 25 11 7 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 toJ I I-' 0 Station Hour PST (30 September 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 7 8 15 22 15 17 13 6 5 4 2 2 2 1 1 2 60 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 7 13 17 18 27 19 15 12 7 3 2 2 2 2 2 69 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 " 6 12 20 20 10 9 8 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 71 1 1 1 ,1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 9 13 10 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 72 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 7 10 7 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 74 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 8 10 9 a 5 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 75 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 16 16 15 9 14 11 9 4 3 2 2 2 2 76 1 1 I' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 7 7 9 4 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 79 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 7 16 20 23 36 22 20 15 13 6 3 3 2 2 2 2 80 .1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 7 8 10 3 5 7 8 6 5 2 2 2 2 2 1 OC1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 7 12 13 11 10 14 11 11 8 4 3 3 3 2 2 OC2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 6 7 7 7 7 8 7 3 2 1 2 1 1 OC3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 7 4 2 6 7 6 3 1 Q 0 0 0 0 *Concentrations in pphm. ------- Table E-5. Carbon Monoxide Concentrati.ons Measured by Los Angeles County Air Pollution COntrol District on 29 and 30 September 1969* Station Hour PST (29 September 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1a 19 20 21 22 23 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 7 17 18 6 3 3 2 6 6 5 4 7 4 4 6 9 60 9 10 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 10 8 6 7 9 6 6 4 5 7 7 7 8 9 11 69 9 9 10 11 12 13 15 18 17 9 11 10 11 7 7 5 5 6 12 16 14 16 15 14 71 4 4 3 3 6 5 9 17 17 8 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 6 8 72 2 3 2 2 3 7 9 13 11 9 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 6 5 74 15 13 9 10 9 10 12 16 11 8 6 4 5 3 3 5 5 5 6 7 8 8 8 11 75 8 7 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 6 5 4 5 6 6 6 5 6 5 7 11 10 9 76 5 3 3 3 4 6 15 9 5 5 6 3 3 4 6 6 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 80 5 5 5 4 6 7 11 14 11 11 13 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 5 7 !:'3 . Sta tioft Hour PST (30 September 1969) , .... .... 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 12 13 15 14 13 19 28 30 32 18 12 6 4 4 7 8 4 4 4 5 7 8 9 60 10 10 9 9 8 B 9 11 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 .7 8 9 9 9 69 14 15 16 16 16 16 21 23 17 14 21 18 13 8 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 11 11 71 . 9 8 8 6 6 8 16 16 11 6 5 4 5 3 3 : 3 3 4 6 6 8 10 10 72 4 4 3 3 3 7 12 20 13 9 7 7 8 6 7 7 6 5 5 7 8 5 5 74 11 11 9 8 6 7 13 19 15 5 4 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 10 12 14. 11 11 10 75 9 7 3 3 3 4 7 9 6 5 6 5 5 6 7 6 6 7 8 12 11 9 9 76 5 3 2 4 8 12 16 12 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 80 6 4 5 6 7 11 19 9 7 6 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 6 6 *Concentrations in ppm. ------- Table E-6. Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured by Los Angeles and Orange County Air Pollution Control Districts on 29 and 30 September 1969* Station Hour PST (29 September 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 5 6 6 6 5 4 2 3 11 19 18 10 5 6 7 7 5 4 4 4 3 5 60 13 15 14 13 13 12 12 13 16 11 8 5 5 7 7 11 13 11 11 10 10 69 13 12 12 13 14 15 15 17 25 29 28 19 11 10 11 17 19 13 11 14 15 71 7 7 7 7 9 8 8 12 21 19 14 8 8 8 9 10 9 9 9 8 8 7 72 6 5 5 4 2 4 6 9 17 28 20 22 19 6 13 11 9 8 5 6 7 6 6 74 17 14 12 12 11 13 12 13 21 17 10 4 2 3 3 4 6 7 7 7 7 75 21 20 20 19 17 15 16 18 21 15 10 10 5 8 13 13 14 12 12 14 15 14 76 7 6 4 3 5- 7 8 10 13 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 8 5 5 5 5 79 15 11 9 10 6 7 9 10 9 6 6 12 5 8 6 5 6 9 13 13 13 13 11 80 9 9 8 7' 9 10 11 19 30 37 41 21 10 9 10 12 9 11 11 13 10 9 9 OCl 6 9 8 5 10 8 9 16 20 22 17 12 10 11 6 7 10 11 10 9 8 8 7 OC3 8 7 7 6 6 7 6 10 15 10 14 11 5 3 5 3 5 4 6 7 7 7 7 6 tIJ I .... N Station Hour PST (30 September 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 4 5 5 5 5 3 2 1 7 11 12 8 8 10 8 6 5 6 6 5 6 60 9 9 9 9 8 7 6 8 13 16 11 9 4 4 4 5 ":/ 9 9 8 8 8 69 15 13 13 12 11 10 9 13 25 28 45 50 9 16 20 20 17 16 15 14 15 71 7 7 6 6 6 6 7 12 21 20 24 14 13 7 5 6 4 6 5 5 5 6 6 72 6 5 4 4 <. 4 6 13 22 13 15 18 20 16 15 14 10 7 7 6 4 4 74 7 6 5 4 4 4 4 6 17 17 6 3 1 1 3 13 15 14 13 12 11 75 14 13 9 6 5 5 6 13 20 17 9 10 17 15 14 ,13 16 20 18 15 15 76 5 5 3 4 4 5 5 8 11 23 22 14 14 9 5 5 6 6 6 5 79 9 8 7 6 5 5 6 9 11 9 14 17 5 6 11 14 12 11 11 13 13 80 11 10 10 9 8 7 9 13 21 25 17 27 22 19 13 11 9 7 8 7 5 OC1 7 6 6 5 6 6 9 9 9 7 5 5 7 8 11 11 7 6 5 5 5 5 OC3 8 5 4 4 4 4 4 7 10 13 6 4 5 8. 9 6 7 7 7 6 6 7 6 6 *Concentrations in pphm. ------- Table E-7. NO + N02 Concentrations Measured by Los Anqeles an~ Oranqe County Air Pollution Control Districts on 29 and 30 September 1969* Station Hour PST (29 September 1969) 0 1 2 3 .. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 10 15 16 15 15 20 18 31 47 49 29 15 7 9 12 13 13 15 16 14 14 20 60 17 20 19 18 18 16 18 17 19 12 9 6 6 8 8 12 16 13' 14 14 14 69 32 32 33 37 41 44 . 46 51 52 43 35 22 12 '12 14 29 46 40 42 50 51 71 13 14 11 8 14 16 23 47 S9 2S 17 9 9 10 12 15 10 14 18 18 21 28 72 9 8 7 5 3 20 33 35 35 38 29 30 35 24 34 32 30 28 9 11 19 22 21 74 29 32 31 23 20 22 20 24 28 18 11 5 3 4 4 5 8 11 14 12 15 75 30 24 24 24 22 20 21 24 25 16 11 11 6 9 15 15 17 19 24 34 42 37 76 12 9 5 4 7 10 25 30 22 16 15 6 8 10 11 14 13 6 6 8 8 79 26 17 12 15 9 9 18 26 11 7 7 13 6 10 7 6 8 14 24 31 30 30 29 80 19 20 19 17 21 30 41 53 39 40 43 22 11 10 11 14 10 12 16 26 26 24 28 OC1 15 15 17 11 19 28 30 23 24 23 17 13 11 12 8 8 12 17 14 16 20 20 19 OC3 10 10 9 9 9 8 16 23 23 10 18 13 6 3 6 5 7 7 10 15 17 23 29 22 ~ I ~ \.oJ Station Hour PST (30 September 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 23 32 36 38 40 41 47 52 58 41 22 15 11 14 10 8 8 10 14 20 23 60 14 12 13 13 10 9 10 16 15 17 12 10 5 5 5 6 8 10 10 9 10 10 69 51 S1 55 64 68 65 66 72 74 61 63 55 10 18 24 28 26 29 32 35 37 71 32 31 31 29 24 27 60 S9 45 27 26 ,15 14 8 6 7 5 10 17 16 23 30 33 72 15 11 7 7 8 12 38 58 60 21 22 23 23 21 24 24 19 15 15 18 10 15 74 19 20 18 16 12 10 14 2S 37 22 7 4 2 2 4 14 20 27 32 27 24 75 33 36 22 15 17 20 29 32 28 20 10 11 18 16 15 14 18 27 .30 24 23 76 8 11 4 10 23 40 45 34 18 31 25 18 25 15 7 6 8 12 21 20 79 21 13 10 8 7 10 29 28 14 10 15 18 6 7 12 16 15 15 16 25 28 80 25 19 21 2S 22 34 54 40 34 32 19 28 23 20 14 13 12 12 17 15 11 OC1 20 21 22 26 15 27 32 10 9 7 6 6 8 12 12 12 11 9 10 13 9 9 OC3 19 12 12 10 10 12 32 41 20 20 8 4 6 13 11 a 9 10 10 12 10 11 10 9 *Concentrations in pphm. ------- Table E-8. Ni tric Oxide Concentrations 11.easured by Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District on 29 and 30 September 1969* Station Hour PST ( 29 September 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 . 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 5 9 10 9 10 16 16 28 36 30 11 5 2 3 5 6 8 11 12 10 11 15 60 4 5 5 5 5 4 6 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 4 4 69 19 20 21 24 27 29 31 34 27 14 7 3' 1 2 3 12 27 27 31 36 36 71 6 7 4 1 5 8 15 35 38 6 3 1 1 2 3 5 1 5 9 10 13 21 72 3 3 2. 1 1 16 .27 26 18 10 9 8 16 18 21 21 21 20 4 5 12 16 15 71. 12. 18 19 11 9 9 8 11 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 7 5 8 75 9 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 7 12 20 27 23 76 5 3 1 1 2 3 17. 20 9 6 4 1 2 3 3 5 5 1 1 3 3 79 11 6 3 5 3 " 9 16 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 5 11 18 17' 17 18 .. 80 10 11 11 10 12 20 30 34 9 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 13 16 15 19 tIJ I ... ... Station Hour PST (30 September 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 19 27 31 33 3S 38 45 S1 51 30 10 7 3 4 2 2 3 4 8 1S 17 60 5 3 4 4 2 2 4 8 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 69 36 38 42 S2 57 55 57 59 49 33 18 5 1 2 4 8 9 13 17 21 22 71 25 24, 25 23 18 21 53 47 24 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 12 11 18 24 27 72 9 6 3 3 4 8 32 45 38 8 7 5 3 5 9 10 9 8 8 12 6 11 74 12 14 13 12 8 6 10 19 20 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 S 13 19 15 13 75 19 23 13 9 12 15 23 19 8 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 7 12 9 8 76 3 6 1 6 19 35 40 26 7 8 3 4 11 6 2 1 2 6 15 15 79 12 5 3 2 2 5 23 19 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 12 15 80 14 9 11 16 14 27 45 27 13 7 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 9 8 6 *Concentrations in pphm. ------- Table E-9. Tatal-Hydrocarbon Concentrations (as Methane) Measured by Los Angeles and Orange County Air Pollution Control Districts on 29 and 30 September 1969* Station Hour PST (29 September 1969) ,,0 -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 8 8 6 5 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 6 60 7 7 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 5 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 8 79 4 4 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 4 4 5 OC1 5 B 6 5 7 B 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 ttJ I .... U1 Station Hour PST (30 September 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 6 8 9 8 10 9 4 3 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 60 - B 10 11 10 8 9 8 7 6 5 5 5 6 6 4 5 4 5 6 8 9 8 7 9 79 5 4 3 3 3 4 5 5 3 . 3 3 4 5 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 OC1 6 6 7 8 8 9 13 6 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 *Concentrations in ppm. ------- Table E-lO. Methane Concentrations Measured by Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District on 29 and 30 September 1969* station Hour PST (29 SepteIl'ber 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19. 20 21 22 23 1 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 60 4 4 5 6 5 4 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 79 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 tIJ I Station HOur PST (30 Septer.\ber 1969) ,... 0\ 0 1 2 ;3 4 5 6 7 8. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 4 5 9 6 6 6 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 60 4 6 6 6 4 5 5 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 4 5 4 4 4 79 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 :2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 *Concentrations in ppm. ------- Table E-ll. Parameter Coding Index Used in Tables E-12 and E-13* OXA - Total oxidant (Acralyzer), pphm ox - Total oxidant (Hast), pphm OXR - Residual oxidant, pphm 03 - Ozone, pphm NOM - Nitric oxide (manual), pphm NO - Nitric oxide (Acralyzer), pphm N02H - Nitrogen dioxide (manual), pphm N02 - Nitrogen dioxide (Acralyzer), pphm IIC - Total hydrocarbons (as methane), ppm CO - Carbon monoxide, ppm * See Section I, Part B for measurement techniques used. E-17 ------- Table E-12. Summary of Contaminant Concentrations Measured by Scott Research at E1 Monte on 29 and 30 September 1~69* Contaminant" Hour PST (29 Septexrber 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 OX** 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 7 15 25 27 16 11 6 4 2 4 2 3 1 0 0 OXR 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 2" 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 1 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 13 22 23 14 7 5 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 NOM 7 5 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 N02M 22 23 17 18 13 8 8 8 8 HC 4 6 5 5 6 5 3 3 3 3 4 4 CO 8 6 6 9 5 3 2 2 4 5 3 to3 I .... CD Contaminant Hour PST (30"September 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21" 22 23 OX 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 4 7 10 14 17 13 11 7 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 OXR 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 9 13 16 11 9 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 NOM 4 22 8 3 2 2 " 2 1 2 1 2 N02M 3 33 26 17 12 12 11 8 7 9 13 HC 7 6" 5 4 4 4 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 5 6 7 CO 11 13 5 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 4 3 *See Section I, Part C for a description of the derivation of this table. **See Table E-11 for parameter coding index. ------- Table E-13. Summary of Contaminant Concentrations Measured by Scott Research at Commerce on 29 and 30 September 1969* Comtaminant Hour PST (29 September 1969) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 OXA** 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 7 11 17 21 14 11 9 6 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 0 OX 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 9 12 8 5 5 4. 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 OXR ~ 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 5 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 NOM 40 41 48 25 9 6 7 2 NO 11 14 14 13 21 23 26 32 22 15 7 6 3 9 6 9 1 5 9. 8 N02!1 11 12 16 32 38 30 13 10 N02 7 7 8 7 10 11 10 16 26 32 25 14 10 9 7 7 4 3 5 '4 3 3 3 HC 3 4 5 4 5 7 8 10 7 9 6 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 6 7 CO 7 7 7 7 10 9 12 17 15 15 9 6 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 5 6 6 7 tIJ I Contaminant Hour PST (30 Se~tember 1969) .... ID 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 "1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 OXA 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 6 13 19 17 12 5 4 4 1 1 0 0 0 OX 2 2 .2 2 2 2- 3 4 4 4 4 9 15 13 9 5 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 OXR 2 2- 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3; 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 12 10 6 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 NOI-1 70 37 20 11 8 NO 17 23 22 28 29 35 38 31 17 10 5 2 1 0 1 4 4 2 0 0 7 12 13 14 N02l-1 11 12 17 30 27 26 N02 5 4 5 6 6 6 8 12 16 18 17 14 11 6 3 4 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 1 HC 8 9 8 12 11 12 13 12 8 6 5 5 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 4 CO 11 10 10 12 14 17 22 17 11 8 7 6 6 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 6 6 7 6 *See Section I, Part C for a description of the derivation of this table. **See Table E-11 for parameter coding index. ------- Table E-14. Peak Indexing and Reactivity Classification of Atmospheric Hydrocarbons Observed in Chromatograph Analysis Carried Out by Scott Research Reactivity Peak Reactivity Peak Classification Number Compound Classification Number Compound u* 1 Methane U 35 Benzene + Cyclohexane U 2 Ethane U 36 2-Methylhexane + R 3 Ethylene 2,3-Dimethylpentane U 4 Propane U 37 3-l-1ethylhexane R 5 Propylene U 41 2,2,4-~rimethylpentane U 6 Acetylene R 42 l-Heptene + ? U 7 Isobutane U 43 n-Heptane U 8 Butane U 46 Methylcyclohexane R 9 Butenes U 49 2,4-Dimethylhexane U 10 Isopentane U 50 2,5-Dimethylhexane R 11 l-Pentene + U 54 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 2-Uethyl-l-butene R SS '1'01 uene U 12 n-Pentane U 62 n-Octane tIJ R 13 trans-2-Pentene R 70 Ethy lbenzene I R 14 cis-2-Pentene R 73 m + p-Xylene N o R 15 2-Methyl-2-butene R 77 o-Xylene U 16 2,2-Dimethylbutane U 80 n-Nonane R 19 cyclopentene R 83 I sopropylbenzene ,U 20 Cyclopentane R 89 n-Propylbenzene U 21 2,3-DimethylbutAne R 90 4-Ethyltoluene U 22 2-Methylpentane R 91 3-Ethyltoluene U 23 3-Methylpentane R 93 1,3,S-Trimethylbenzene R 24 I-Hexene R 94 2-Ethyltoluene U 25 n-Hexane R 96 tert-Butylbenzene R 26 trans-3-Hexene R 97 1,2,4-TrimethyIbenzene R 27 trans-2-Hexene U 99 n-Decane R 28 cis- 3-Hexene R 100 sec-Butylbenzene R 29 cis-2-Hexene R 101 IsobutyIbenzene U 30 r~thY1cyclopentane R 108 n-Butylbenzene U 31 2,4-Dimethylpentane U 114 n-Undecane *U--Unreacti ve 1 R-- Reacti ve ------- Table E-15. Example of Hydrocarbon Analysis Made by Scott Research at E1 Monte, 29 September 1969 at 09~5 PST Peak* PPB ~ PPB Peak PPB Peak PPB Peak ' PPB Peak PPB - - - - - - - - 1 2808.00 21 0.00 41 0.60 ElL 3.69 81 0.00 101 0.00 2 82.85 22 3.56 42 0.00 62 4.12 82 0..00 102 0.00 3 64.28 23 2.52 43 1.37 63 0.00 83 2.88 103 0.00 4 36.41 24 0.00 44 0.00 64 0.00 84 0.00 104 0.00 5 20.81 25 8.22 45 0.00 65 0.00 85 0.00 105 0.00 6 43.86 26 0.00 46 0.00 66 0.00 86 0.00 106 0.00 7 16.48 27 0.00 47 0.00 67 0.00 87 0.00 107 0.00 8 50.94 28 0.00 48 0.00 68 0.00 88 0.00 108 0.00 9 0.00 29 0.00 49 0.00 69 0.00 89 0.00 109 0.00 10 16.53 30 2.16 50 0.00 70 4.00 90 6.59 110 0.00 11 0.00 31 0.00 51 0.00 71 0.00 91 0.00 111 0.00 12 7.14 32 0.00 52 0.00 72 0.00 92 0.00 112 0.00 13 0.00 33 0.00 53 0.00 73 16. 24 93 12.73 . 113 0.17 14 0.00 34 0.00 54 1.12 74 0.00 94 0.00 114 0.00 15 0.00 35 5.34 55 27.94 75 0.00 95 14.34 115 2.85 16 0.00 36 2.43 56 0.00 76 0.00 96 0.00 116 0.00 17 0.00 37 1.44 57 0.00 77 7.93 97 0.00 117 0.00 19 0.00 38 0.00 59 0.00 78 0.00 98 0.00 118 0.00 19 0.00 39 0.00 59 0.00 79 3.54 99 14.44 119 0.00 20 0.00 40 0.00 60 0.00 80 0.00 100 0.00 120 0.00 TOTAL CONCENTPATION 3297.51 *See TaL1e E-14 E"21 ------- In accordance with the restricted application of these data, we limit the discussion of this section to a brief" description of the means whereby the airborne data were obtained. Reference should be made to the Scott study cited earlier for a complete description of the methods used for data collection and reduction and for a presentation of the data. The airborne data were collected by two methods: helicopter and aircraft. Section A describes the procedure whereby data were collected with the aid of aircraft and Section B describes the helicopter program. A. Aircraft Data Collection Program During the period August 18 to November 19, 1969 the Scott Research Laboratories flew 26 aircraft flights over the Los Angeles Basi~ in order to make measurements of chemical and meteorological variables in the atmosphere. Two flights were made on both the 29 and 30 Septeriber, commencing at about 7:30 a.m. and noon PST each day. These flights originated and terminated at El ~IDnte Airport and had a duration of approximately 1 1/2 hours. The flight plan, which is illustrated in Figure E-2, iscescribed in detail in the Scott report beginning on page 3-2 of Volume I. During the course of all flights, air temperature, relative humidity, oxiaant concentration, and incoming and outgoing ultraviolet i'.:adiation were continuously measured and recorded. These parameters are reported at 10-second intervals for the duration of each flight. In addition, a number of Teclar bag air samples were taken when the aircraft was in level flight. The contents of the bags were analyzed later to determine the concentrations of the individual Cl to CIO hydrocarbons, NO, N02 and CO. . B. Tetroon and Helicopter Data Collection Program ,. ".' An ESSA research program to map air trajectories was conducted during September and early October 1969 as part of a study of air quality in the Los Angeles Basin. Tetroons (free balloons) were released from various sites in the basin, their paths being tracked by ground-based radar. In addition, their trajectories were followed by a helicopter equipped to collect air samples in Tedlar bags in the vicinity of the tetroons. These samples were analyzed in the same manner as those collected by aircraft. See Scott Research (1970) for a complete listing of sample analyses. Five helicopter flights were flown on the days of the 29 and 30 September. In order to compare the helicopter and tetroon trajectories for these days, it is necessary to refer to the ~escriptions of tetroon flights in Pack, et ale (1970) and the descriptions of helicopter flights in Scott Research (1970). Several flight paths have been plotted in Eschenroeder and Martinez (1970) showing the helicopter and tetroon trajectories simultaneously. One of the plots shown is for a 29 September flight, one of our validation days. Figure E-2 follows E-22 ------- . . . '. . . . . . . 15 I . 1~T~J=+-~- -~ '~~1I'f-~ 1/~=[~iYf -"-~. 17 t:=1i~~-11:~- .:-~~tr!=r~Ci!S 2S' M ! 1 ! ~_! ;. ~ ~ . - ~-- ~ I 24 23 ' I " I --,- I ~ i. '---1 :.-1'-' -~- -1'- I--;-r- B ' 21 - I - H_LJ---r'-~r.-r--r~i ~f-r I !I 'j i i 2'1 l' r-+- mT~'-. . i -'-r-I -',: '! i TT " i' '-, ' 20 . ~lt. '! . I i - ~ !! ! i: ! j ; I 2D' Iii .. 1-. - --1- --ff- --.t!-ji--l--rt. L rT1- i ,'/ 18 . - T~ -r --rt--r-r- '--i--J~--r-, - --I'---:t~-1--'8 ----l- . - -4 ... -+ ~._. I I I. I 11 i -- - !-:---I iT-I 1- !.- ;-- (- --. '.-r--,- I --r-r-r"-l '7 =,- .. '-~ ---r--r----:- j I T.:-r.:; -4--+-+. ---- -i-4-~---t- " : I ,: ! I: !!:2: I 1 I I ! I : i Ii. . ~. , '. : "-:'- . ,~, I I' I~t-+~W- ::'! J _l_;_+I.: ..__~~W-~L~_-+! IS", 'lt~'I!.__l--,~.i__-- ~. - -1---1 -4-~--l-:- - ~.._~--!- y~- _-l-l_+-l-~ .__J- _LJ-_- If .: 13 I:: ! i ': '--.-~' j' 'i I ! i I I I .: ;!, j ,I! 3 j' I I , : j 13 . " 12 --1""':-:'---;-:--- ---- -T--; -~ -;- I i -, : . , ~I' -j-- 11- b J'--!---i ,...:.- '-1--- ._- t. -1'--15-1-- --i-'i--tuT-- -.r--1-~'! ----r- --'i--l----j--- " . Ie i ,. i! ii, j I I ; I I! I i.'. i ; 1 '0 t-+-!--i- -t- ._~_..+-- -;--+--;---,-- --~-+j-- -- ---:-"-- _J_,- : 'H~+- '-f-.,--1c-r -+i-j-+" -+tr - --+---++ ; 7 L~I-~~~~-=~_,~,I I-~=t-~H.:- --+~t!_j= --=t--'-"1r!- 7 ': I '! !.: ! /C7j I I: '. I . I . {. . si' ! ,\ i' i i I i I -I 'H~ 1 I l 1'1 s ~ -=.!,; ~tr~f-. . _l-PI- H,--t.+ '-T1=f:'::':=-- ~~ =-I -- 4 1 I . ,-0-- _-+,_L+- I .-I1.---~ -H --- -- -. 3 I ;-;: tl=lj- -tt : --!--i~ II ' . I 1 "3 ... 5 E. 1 8 q '0 If 11 '.3 'ft 11" 17 i1 '" 10 .. ." -.:. .~ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. El ~tont'e Airport Commerce Intersection of Los Hawthorne Airport Alondra Park Anqeles and, Rio Hondo Rivers Spiral ascents and/or descents to collect data were made over El Monte, Commerce and Alondra Park. Figure E-2. Aircraft Flight Plan E-23 ------- References Altshul1er, A. P., "Analysis of Organic Gaseous Pollutants," in Air POllution, (A. Stern, Ed.) Vol. II, Academic Press, 2nd Edi~n (1968). Eschenroeder, A. Q. and Martinez, J. R., "Analysis of Los Angeles Atmospheric Reaction Data fran 1968 and 1969," Final Report, Project No. CAPA-7-68, General Research Corporation (July 1970). Katt, M., "Analysis of Inorganic Gaseous Pollutants," in Air POllution, (A. Stern, Ed.) Vol. II, Academic Press, 2nd Edition (1968). Pack, D. H'., et a1., "Tetroon Flights in Los Angeles, California - 1969," ESSA Technical Memorandum ERLTM-ARL 19 (June 1970). Scott Research Laboratories, Inc., "Final Report, 1969 Atmospheric Reaction Studies in the Los Angeles Basin," Vo1s. I-IV (February 1970) . E-2'4 ------- |