SN 16893.000
ENGINEERING AND
COST EFFECTIVENESS STUDY
OF FLUORIDE EMISSIONS CONTROL
(FINAL REPORT)
JANUARY 1972
VOLUME II
Prepared under Contract EHSD 71-14
for
OFFICE OF AIR PROGRAMS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Resources Research, Inc. TRW Systems Group
7600 Colshire Drive 7600 Colshire Drive
McLean, Virginia 22101 , McLean, Virginia 22101
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SN 16893.000
ENGINEERING AND
COS1' EFFECTIVENESS STUDY
OF FLU()RIDE EMISSIONS CONTROL
(FINAL REPORT)
JANUARY 1972
J.M. Robinson (Program Manager), G.I. Gruber, W.O. Lusk, and M.J. Santy
VOLUME II
Prepared under Contract EHSD 71-14
for
OFFICE OF AIR PROGRAMS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Resources Research, Inc.
7600 Coishire Drive
McLean, Virginia 22101
TR W Systems Group
7600 Colshire Drive
McLean, Virginia 22101
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l.
2.
, 3.
SUMMARY. . . . .
INTRODUCTION
-CONTENTS
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" . . . . .
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. . . . .,. . .
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INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
,3.1
3.2
3.3 "
3.4
3.5
3.6
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
. . . . . .
General.
. . . . . . . .
. . . .
. . .. .
. . . . . .
3.1.1 Economic Analyses - Discussion. . . . . .
3.1.2, Thermochemical Analysis Approach. . . . .
Primary Alumium Smelting Industry. . ~ . . . . . . .
3.2. 1 ' General. . . . . . . .,. . . . . . . . .
3.2.? : Industry, Description. . . . . . . . . . .
3.2;3 ; Production Trends. . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.4 ,Fluoride Control and Emission Summary
3.2.5 Process Description. . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.6 'Economic Analysis. .. ~ . . . . . . . .
Ironand,Steel Industry.. .'............'
3.3.1 Gener:a1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3..3.2 Industry Description. . . . . . ',' .. .
,,3:3.3:, , Production Trends. ... .. . '. . . . .
3.3.4 ': ,Fluoride Control and Emissions Summary.
3.3.5 Process Description and Economics. . . .
3.3.6 Economic Analysis. . . . . . . .. . . .
Coal Combustion - Electrical Power Generation. . . .
3.4. 1 ' Gene ra 1 . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.2 'Industry Description. . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.3 Production Trends. . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.4 Control Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.5 Process Description.. . . . . . . . . .
3.4.6 Economic Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . .'
Phosphate Rock Processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5.2 Industry Description. . . . . . . . . . .
3.5.3 Production Trends. . .. . . . . . . . .
.' 3.5.4 ' Fluoride Control and Emissions Summary. .
3.5.5 Wet Process Description. . . . . . . . .
3.5.6 'Economic Analysis. . . . . . .'. . . . .
Glass Manufacture. . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . .
3.6.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6.2 Industry Description. . . . . . . . . . ..
3.6.3 Production Trends. . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6.4 Fluoride Emission Control Techniques. . .
3.6.5 Fluoride Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . .
i i i
Page
1- 1
2-1
3-1
3-1
3-1
3-11
3"" 1 3
3-13
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3-16
3-20
3-22
3-36
3-57
3-57
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3-64
3-99
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3-217
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3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
CONTENTS (Continued)
3.6.6 Economic Analysis. . . . . . . .. .. . .
Frit Smelting'. . . . . .. . . . . .'. . . . . .'. . .
3.7. 1 Genera 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . '.'. . . .
3.7.2 Industry Description. . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7.3 Production Trends. . . .. . . . . . . . .
3.7.4 Fluoride Control Techniques. . ~ . . . . .
3.7.5 Fluoride Emissions. . . . .. . '. . . . . .
3.7.6 'EconqmicAnalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . '.
i '.
Heavy Clay Products;, . ..,. . . . . . .. .. . . . . .
3.8.1 General'. . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8.2 ,Industry Description. . . . . . . . . . .
3.8.3 Production Trends. . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8.4 Fluoride Emission Control Techniques. . . .
3.8.5 Fluoride Emissions.. . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8.6 Economic ,Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expanded Cl ay Aggregate. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
3.9. 1 ' Genera 1 . . .'. '.; . . .. . . . . . . . . .
3.9.2 Industry Description.. . . . . . . . . . .
3.9.,3 Production Trends. " . . . . . .. . . . .
3.9.4 Fluoride Emission Control Techniques. . . .
3.9.5 ',: Fluori de Emi ssi ons., . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.9.6 Economic Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cement r~anufacture . .. . . . . . " . . . . . . . . .
3. 10. 1 . Gene ra 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.10.2 Industry Description. . . . .. . . . . . .
3.10.3 Production Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.10.4 Fluoride Emission Control Technique. . . .
3.10.5 Fluoride Emissions. . . . . . . .. . . . .
3.10.6 ,Economic Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . .
HF Alkylation Processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.11.1 General...'...'...... " . . . . .
3.11.2 Industry Description. . . . . . . . . . . .
3. 11 .3 Producti on Trends. . . . . . . " . . . . .
3.11.4 Fluoride Emission Control Techniques. . . .
3.11.5 , Fluor.ide Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.11.6 Economic Analysis. . . . . . .. '. . . . .
HF Production. .' . ;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. 1 2. 1 Gene ra 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.12.2 Industry Description. . . . . . .. . . . .
3.12.3 ,Production Trends ...,.........
3. 12.4 Fl uori de Emi ss i on Control Techni ques. . . .
3.12.5", '.Fluoride Emis~ions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.12.6 Economic Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.12.7 Impact of Control. . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv
Page
3-224
3-231
3-231
3-231
3- 2 31
3-231
3- 2 35
3-240
3- 245
3-245 '
3-245
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3-249
3-249
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3-259
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3-271
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4.
3.13
3.14
,CONTENTS (Continued)
Nonferrous Metals Smelting and Refining Industry. . .
: \ , ' .
3. 1 3. 1 ' General.'...'. '.. . . . . .. " .
3.1-3\2' " ..:Copper Smelting and Refining Industry. . .
3.13.3 ,-Lead Smelting and Refinining Industry. . .
3.13.4 Zinc Smelting and Refining Industry. . ..
Other Industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.14.1 ' . Fluorine and Fluorocarbon Chemicals'.'
3.14.2 Uranium Fluoride Production. . . . . . . .
3.14.3 Aluminum Anodizing. . . . . .. . .'. . . .
3.14.4 Beryllium Production. . . . . . . . . . . .
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING. . .
,4.1
4.2
. . . . . .
. . . . .
Page
3- 303
3-303
3-304
3-307
3-311
3-318
3- 318
3- 319
3-321
3- 322
4-1
Summary and Priorities. . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. 4-1
Detail ed Projects by Indus try. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
4.2.1 Primary Aluminum Smelting Industry. . . . . 4-5
4.2.2 Iron and Steel Manufacture. . . . . . . . . 4-7
4.2.3 Coal Combustion. . . . ~ . . . . . . . .. 4-14
4.2.4 Cement, Ceramic and Glass Manufacture. . . 4-22
4.2.5 Nonferrous Metals Smelting and Refining
Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
5.
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS. . . . . .
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
5-1
5.1 Vegetation Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.2 Effects on Farm Animals. . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . 5-3
5.3 Fl uori de Effects in Man. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
5.4 Etching of Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
5.5 Effects of Fl uori des on Structures . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
6.
MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY. . . .
. . . . . . .
6.1
6.2
6.3
. . . . .
. . . .
6-1
S amp 1 i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 - 1
6.1.1 Sampling Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.1.2 Performance of Sampling Trains. . . . . . . 6-2
6.1.3 Process Factors Affecting Sampling. . . . . 6-7
6.1.4 Sampling Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Fluoride Separation. . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
Anal yti ca 1 Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6- 11
6.3.1 Summary of Ana lyti ca 1 Methods and
Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Spectrophotometric Analysis. . . . . . . . 6-15
6.3.2
v
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VOLUME n
7.
8.
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
APPENDIX ..
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
"CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
TitrimetricAnalysis. . .: . . . . . . .. 6-17
Instrumental Methods.... . . . . . . . . 6-19
Conti nuous and Semi continuous Methods ... . 6-24
. . . . . .
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. . . .. .
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e. . . .
"..' . . . .
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vi
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., 7-1
. 8-1
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.~
"'C
C
Q)
Q.
'Q.
«
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7. . APPENDIX
7.1
FLUORIDE EMISSION CONTROL EQUIPMENT
Two general .types of pollution control equipment are currently
employed for control of fluoride e~ission - wet collection equipment and
dry collection equipment..
7.1.1 Wet Collection(.4303, 4376, 4379)
. .
Fluoride-containing effluent streams typically contain fluorides
either as gaseous species or as combinations of particulate and gaseous
species. For this reason., the ~ajority of pollutant capture devices used
for fluoride remova~ are of the wet type. Wet collection systems simul-
taneously removecboth gaseous and particulate pollutants though not to
the same level of eff"iciency.
In the collection of gaseous fluorides, the primary removal
mechanism in wet collection is the absorption of the gaseous fluoride
into water or other suitable solvents. The basic operation consists of
the diffusion of the fluoride gas molecules to the water surface. Con-
centration differentials near the liquid/gas interface serve as the
driving force: Control equipment designed applying this principle is
characterized by high interfacial surface areas, turbulence in the gas
phase, and high diffusion. coefficients. Fortunately, in the area of
fluoride emission control, the most. common gaseous chemical species
to be controll~d have high solubility in w~ter.
Particulate collection in liquid scrubbers depends upon a somewhat
different set of physical processes. The primary collection mechanism
is the impaction of solid particulate materi~l on liquid droplets generated
in the scrubber. The function of the liquid scrubber is to generate
and place in contact with the exhaust gas stream a sufficient number of
liquid droplets in the appropriate droplet size range. Additional
physical mechanisms by which particulate dispersoids are collected in
wet scrubbers are Brownian diffusion, condensation of liquid
on the particulate material, and agglomeration. In each case,
the relative effective size of the particul~te material is increased
in the scrubber, thus facilitating its ultimate collection and disposal.
7-1
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It should be noted that the mechanisms of gaseous and particulate
collection in liquid collectors are somewhat different and that a liquid
scrubber designed to maximize gaseous fluoride removal may be significantly
less effective in the collection of particulate f1uoride-cont~ining
material. Application of scrubbers to spe~ific industrial effluent
cleaning tasks should be made only on the basis of careful consideration
of the relative importance of the gaseous and particulate fluoride
emissions and analysis of the particle size distribution in the effluent
gas stream to be cleaned.
Spray Towers/Chambers
7.1.1.1
A chamber scrubber consists of a chamber into which water or an
aqueous solution is introduced through spray nozzles. The gas stream
may make a single direct pass through the chamber, or the path may be
controlled by a series of baffles. Several such chambers or scrubbers
are often used sequentially to produce the desired degree of pollutant
removal. These devices are characterized by a very low pressure drop
for the gas phase (0.1 to 0.5 inch of water). Water pre~sure required
for spray operation ranges from 20 to 100 pounds per square inch. Water
consumption is usually in the range of 1/2 to 2 gallons per 1000 cubic
feet of gas treated. (4303) .
Spray chambers are used for the removal of both particulate and
. gaseous pollutants. The efficiencies of these devices are generally
rather low for particulate materials and are suitable only for the
removal of particulate materials 10 microns in size or larger.. For
the collection of smaller particulate material, very high water pressures
have been successfully used. Water pressures on the order of 300 to 450
pounds per square inch (psi) produce a fog spray which will achieve
collection efficiencies of the order of 90% for particles in the 1 to 2
micron size range. The larger water pressure drops required to achieve
high efficiency fog spray result in a proportionally higher pump horsepower
and operating cost. Baffled spray chambers require higher gas velocities
and result in greater gas pressure drops which, in turn, require
for greater fan horsepower to recover the lost pressure head and for more
expensive ductwork.
7-2
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The simple spray chamber is often used effectively for gaseous
pollution control, especially when treating some of the relatively more
soluble pollutants. Surface contact area, an important consideration in
gaseous absorption, is relatively low in spray chambers compared with
other types of liquid scrubbers. For this reason, simple spray chambers
must be very large to produce efficiencies equivalent to more sophisti-
cated liquid collection systems. Exhaust gases containing hydrogen
fluoride and silicon tetrafluoride from the phosphate fertilizer industry
may be passed through a series of six or more spray towers prior to
release to the atmosphere. The overall efficiencies reported for this
type of multiple spray installation are greater than 90%. There are no
limitations on gas throughput volume other than those imposed by equip-
ment size limits. However, gas flow rates of approximately 800 lb/hr-ft2
have been demonstrated as the upper limit, to prevent excessive liquid
entrainment. (4376)
Spray chambers or towers, because of their simple design, represent
one of the most economical control devices to purchase and install. The
.operating and maintenance expenses associated with this type of device
are also low because of the mechanical simplicity. Primary maintenance
problems are caused by the use of small, high-pressure nozzles which may
tend to clog under prolonged usage. The low pressure drops (generally
less than 1 inch of water) allow the use of inexpensive ductwork and
fans to convey the effluent gas stream to the collector.
7.1.1.2 Packed Bed Scrubbers
The packed bed scrubber is similar to the spray chamber described
above in that the effluent gas stream to be cleaned is directed through
a chamber or tower in which it makes contact with the scrubbing liquid.
The high liquid surface area exposed to the gas stream is produced by
interaction with the packed bed. The packed bed may be in the form
. . .. '" . . . .
of a fixed packing or loose material whi~h is supported by the action
of the gas stream passing through it. This latter type is called a
7-3
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floating bed scrubber.
this type of scrubber
the gas flow.
The fixed packed bed scrubber is not often used strictly for par-
ticulate pollutant collection. Operating problems have been encountered
when this type of collector is utilized to clean a gas stream containing
an excessively high concentration of particulate material. Therefore, in
conjunction with this type of equipment, some form of dry collection equip-
ment is used that eliminates much of the particulate load on the wet
scrubber and helps prevent clogging.
Scrubbing liquid.is generally passed through
in a direction crosscurrent or countercurrent to
The floating bed units, in which the packing is supported by the
upward motion of the exhaust gas stream, are reported to be more resistant
to clogging caused by particulate collection than the fixed packed bed
units. (4045, 4304) This reported increased ability to handle particulate
contaminant is attributed to the relative motion between the packing
materials which produces a self-cleaning action and allows the collected
particulate material to be removed by the liquid flow. High particulate
removal efficiencies (95 to 98 %) have been reported for the floating bed
scrubbing units.
The primary application of the packed bed scrubber has been in the
removal of gaseous fluoride pollutants other than SiF4' Gaseous silicon
tetrafluoride, the most common fluoride pollutant, may cause considerable
maintenance problems in this type of installation by hydrolyzing to form
silica hydrate, a solid which tends to clog the packed bed, thus increasing
air flow resistance and eventually making the scrubbing system inoperative.
A condition known as flooding occurs when the upward gas velocity
in the packed tower reaches a point at which there is a hold-up of liquid
phase on the packing. In this condition, the liquid held in the packing
builds up and eventually increases the pressure drop across the packed
tower unit to the point where liquid will be entrained and carried out
with the exhaust stream. Care must be taken in the design and operation of
tower equipment to ensure that this flooding condition is avoided and a
reasonable pressure drop is maintained. Properly designed packing mater-
ials allow a high liquid surface area to be maintained within the scrubber.
7-4
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Operation at proper 1iquid-to-gas.f1ow ratios can achieve high gaseous
pollutant removal at relatively low gas flow resistances. Packing mater-
ials commonly used are plastic materials of various shapes, including
rings, spria1 rings, ber1 saddles, and other shapes which allow a high
ratio of surface area to volume.
Utility consumption for the packed bed scrubber depends on the
desi~n of the bed, the packing material used and the collection efficiency
desired. Typical water consumption for the packed bed scrubber ranges from
5 to 10 gpm per 1000 CFM. Normal packed scrubber design dictates a
pressure drop of from 1 to 10 inches of water with a total horsepower
requirement of 0.3 to 2.8 for fan and pumping costs. Efficiencies of
95 to 98% have been realized for both particulate and ,gaseous control,
although not necessarily concurrently.
The choice between crossflow and countercurrent scrubber design is
dependent.on the particular application. However, generally the crossf1ow
scrubber is applied to situations where the bed depth is less than 6 feet
and countercurrent design is applied at bed depths of 6 feet or more.
These applications are based on the lowest combination of installed capi-
tal cost and operating cost.
7.1.1.3 Wet Cyclone Scrubbers
Wet cyclones are characterized by tangential entry of the air stream
to be cleaned. The air stream passes through the collector in a spiral
path. The liquid stream is directed outward from the center, of the circu-
lar collection chamber. The cyclonic scrubber thus possesses some of the
characteristics of both the simple dry cyclone collector and the spray
chamber.
Particulate collection is accomplished by combining centrifugal
, '
acceleration of the particles toward the chamber wall with the action of
the spray drop1~ts .in c~~tacting and removing the particle. Particulate
collection efficiences are generally in excess of 90% for ~articles
5 microns or larger. Gaseous fluoride capture is produced by the
intimate turbulent contact between the exhaust gas stream and the water
7-5
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particles generated by spray nozzles and air stream shear forces within the
scrubbing unit. Liquid requirements are generally on the order of 2 to
10 gallons of water per 1000 cubic feet of gas treated. Gaseous collection
efficiencies range up to 99% with pressure drops of 1 to 8 inches of water~
Total fan and pump horsepower vary from 1 to 2 per 1000 CFM. Wet Cyclones
have been designed to treat up to 100,000 CFM.
In summary, the wet cyclone has desirable characteristics when the
gas stream to be cleaned contains both particulate and gaseous materials.
The wet cyclone has an adequate capacity for handling high input dust
loadings and produces acceptable collection efficiencies for both medium-
sized (>5 microns) particulate and gaseous pollutants. Where extremely
high particulate collection efficiencies are required, however, the wet
cyclone is used in conjunction with other more efficient collection units.
The purchase, installation and operating costs associated with cyclonic
scrubbers are comparable with those of packed bed units for situations
where the exhaust gas stream to be cleaned represents a high gas flow
rate; however, the cyclonic scrubber requires less maintenance.
7~1.1.4 Self-Induced Spray Scrubbers
In this type of scrubber, the gas liquid contact is created as a
result of impingement of the carrier gas upon a liquid. The performance
characteristics are thus dependent upon the gas flow rate through the
collector. The effluent gas stream to be cleaned is impinged upon the
surface of the scrubbing liquid; the scrubbing liquid is fragmented and
broken into droplet sized particles by the kinetic energy in the gas
stream. The liquid droplets formed are entrained, and the effluent gas
stream is passed through further sections in which turbulent contact
between the liquid and gas phases occur.
Particulate collection efficiency approaches 90% for particles
2 microns and larger. For medium efficiency collection units of this type,
pressure drops range between 3 and 6 inches of water. The entrained water
droplets and the collected particulate material are removed in the final.
demisting stage of the induced spray scrubber. (4172) This type of equip-
ment is particularly applicable to gas streams with high dust loadings
since continuous removal of sludge can be accomplished with the
7-6
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installation of a screw conveyor.. No pumping horsepower is required since
the water remains at essentially atmospheric pressure and is atomized by
the gas stream.
Another advantage of the induced spray collector lies in the fact
that construction does not involve close clearances or small orifices.
Clogging, which often represents the bulk of the maintenance problems in
wet collectors, would not be expected under normal operating conditions.
Gaseous collection efficiency in the self-induced spray scrubber
has been reported to be greater than 99% for hydrogen fluoride and silicon
tetrafluoride removal. The control system reported in these observations
was a two-stage scrubbing operation with sequential induced spray col-
lectors. Liquid-to-gas requirements are generally lower for this type
unit than for most other wet collectors. Liquid requirements range
between 1/4 to 3 gal'lons of liquid per 1000 cubic feet of gas. Fan horse-
power for head recovery is from 0.7 to 1.4 per 1000 CFM of treated gas.
7.1.1.5 Orifice Plate Bubblers
The orifice plate bubbler is a class of wet impingement scrubber.
. The gas stream to be cleaned is passed through a perforated plate and
impinged on baffles where the gas jets attain maximum velocity. The
impingement baffles are covered by a layer of scrubbing liquid during
operation. The gas stream passing through the baffle plate prevents the
flow of liquid through the perforated plate. Intimate mixing of the gas
streams anq the liquid occurs facilitating both gas transfer to the liquid
phase and particulate collection by the scrubbing liquid.
Particulate collection efficiencies from 90 to 95% have been
reported for 2-micron-diameter dust particles. Several stages of perfor-
ated plate and impingement baffle may be assembled into a single collector
unit. The particulate removal efficiency is directly related to the number
of plates used in the scrubber. As is usual in the design of wet col-
lectors, a mist eliminator is used following the last baffle plate section.
Pressure drop through the impingement baffle system has been reported
between 1 to fo inches of water depending upon the size and number of per-
forations used, and the number of impingement plates in the collector.(4303)
7-7
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Gaseous fluoride removal efficieocies of between 99 to 99.5% have
been reported for the orifice plate type bubblers in application in the
aluminum industry.(4605} High collection efficiencies for both particulate
and gaseous pollutants make this unit applicable in a wide range of con-
trol situations. Water usage runs from 1 to 5 gpm per 1000 CFM and the
total (fan and pump) horsepower requirements range from 0.5 to 3 per
1000 CFM.
Clogging has not proved to be a problem in this equipment even
though the perforations in the plate are typically only 1/4 inch or less
in diameter. Clogging is prevented by high (75 ft/sec or more) gas vel-
ocities through these orifices which ~gitate the liquid on the surface of
the plate and keep the dust particles in suspension.
7.1;1;6 Venturi Scrubbers
The basic distinguishing design feature of the venturi scrubber is
the passage of the exhaust gas stream through a venturi-type constriction.
In this constriction, high linear gas velocities of the,order of 12,000
to 42,000 feet per minute are attained. The scrubbing liquid is usually
introduced normal to the gas flow at or near the minimum ,flow area of the
venturi. The high gas velocity at this point atomizes the scrubbing
liquid into fine droplets that are maintained in turbulent contact with
the gas stream.
Particulate collection efficiencies in the venturi scrubber are
directly related to the gas phase energy input. Gas pressure drops of
10 to 100 inches of water are common in this type unit with particulate
collection efficiency for submicron particles approaching 99% at the
higher pressure drops. The freedom from clogging afforded by the rela-
tively simple liquid distribution system of this type unit makes possible
the treatment of exhaust streams containing high dust loads. The high
particulate removal efficiency further makes the venturi scrubber most
applicable when particulate removal is of primary importance.
The intimate gas-liquid contact obtained in this type unit allows
the efficient removal of gaseous as well as particulate pollutants. Gas-
eous fluoride removal efficiencies of from 80 to 99% have been reported
7-8
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. .
in the aluminum industry. The venturi pressure drops associated with these
reported efficiencies ranged from 15 to 50 inches of water.(4303, 4305)
Scrubber liquid requirements for this type of control equipment
range from 3 to over 8 gallons per 1000 cubic feet of gas.
7.1.1.7 Jet Scrubber
Another type of scrubber operated on the venturi principle is the
jet scrubber or ejector venturi design. As in the case of the standard
venturi scrubber, the basic operating principle consists of passage of the
exhaust gas flow through a restrictive orifice. In the ejector venturi
design, the energy impelling the gas stream through the orifice comes
from a high pressure liquid spray rather than from the gas phase pressure
drop across the collecting unit i.e., water is. used to aspirate the dust
laden gas through the ejector. The ejector provides the head for the gas,
although large induced drafts (above several inches of water) are usually
avoided to maintain a high entrainment ratio. The larger the entrainment
ratio, the less water is used for a given gas flow rate. Typical water
usage ranges from 50 to 100 gpm per 1000 CFM with a pressure drop of 50
. to 100 psi for the water across the ejector. This amounts to 1 to
5 pump hp per 1000 CFM. Particulate and gaseous collection efficiencies
experienced with the ejector venturi design are comparable with those
attained in conventional venturi scrubbing. In both devices, the air
stream is brought into intimate and turbulent contact with a fine droplet
spray.
The jet scrubber is usually followed by a baffled or settling
chamber to capture the water treated particulate matter and water droplets.
The main use for this type of equipment is in situations where it is not
economical to add a fan to the system;.
A wide range of sizes is available in this type of collection unit
and multiple banks of ejector venturis have been used to control large
process emission sources.
7.1.1.8 Dynamic Wet Scrubbers
In the dynamic wet scrubber, liquid is mechanically sheared into
fine droplets and then contacted with the dust laden gas stream. The
7-9
-------
shearing usually is accomplished by injecting the water into fan blades
which simultaneously mix the water and dust streams and recover the lost
pressure head of th~ effl uent stream. The wetted impell er and a housi ng
. ,
hold the collected dust particles and prevent ~eentrainment. The dust
collection efficiency is approximately 95% for 1 micron particles. No
pressure drop incurred by the process stream, however, there is a 3 to 20
hp/1000 CFM requirement for the fan to disperse the water and recover the
head. Many of the higher horsepower dynamic units are being displaced
with venturi scrubbers.. Typical water consumption varies from 3 to 5 gpm
per lDOO CFM. Good gaseous collection efficiencies can be expected from
the dynamic wet scrubber because of the intimate mixing of the water and
the. process stream.
. 7.1.2
Dry Removal Systemsl4303, 4376, 4379)
Since the primary fluoride pollutants are gaseous species or
combinations of gaseo~~ species and nonsoluhle fluoride particulate species,
dry collection systems, which have limited ability for removal of gases
from effluent streams, are seldom used. Under certain conditions, dry
collection systems have been appl ied to fluoride emissions control either
to decrease the particulate load on subsequent control equipment or to
collect a solid adsorbantthat has been used 'to reduce the stream's gaseous
fluoride content. In either case, the dry collection equipment is usually
followed by secondary or eventertiary.treatment. Three main classes of
dry collection equipment are available: mechanical collection equipment,
electrostatic precipitatiDn, and fabric filtration.'
7.1.2.1' Mechanical Collectors'
. .
Mechanical collectors (inertial separators) have proven to be reli-
able collectors of dry fluoride particulate material in a number of air
poll.ution control applications. These devices collect particUlate material
by the use of centrifugal force, gravitational force, or by rapid changes
in the direction of the dust laden stream. ~echanical devices are simple
to construct, relatively inexpensive, and operate at moderate pressure
drops. Generally, the efficiency of the mechanical collector will increase
1 .
markedly with increased dust loadings, thus, it is often used as a pre-
collector preceding more efficient control equipment which is susceptible
7...10
-------
to overload. Common types of dry mechanical collectors employed in
industry include the settling chamber, the louver type collector, the
cyclone, the impingement collector, and the dynamic collector.
Settling Chamber.(4379) The settling chamber directs the dust
laden gas into an oversized duct where the gas velocity drops to a point
where the entrained particles drop out because of the force of gravity.
This. type of equipment is used in relatively high particulate concentra-
tions (above 5 grains/ft3) with particles sizes of 50 microns or larger.
Dust collection efficiencies range from 50 wt % to 90% depending on dust
particle size distribution. The pressure drop through the settling chamber
ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 inch water gauge (wg) resulting in a low fan horse
power requirement of 0.04 to 0.12 per 1000 CFMof treated gas. Since the
efficiency of the settling chamber is relatively low for dispersoid particu-
lates and has no effect on gaseous pollutants, this type of equipment is
generally used for pretreatment of a gaseous stream that is to be fed to
some more efficient type of collection equipment. The volume of gas that is
treated by this type of equipment is limited only by the space available for
the unit designed to treat that volume. The typical gas velocity through
. the chamber ranges from 5 to 10 feet per second.
Baffle Chamber.(4379) In the baffle chamber, settling is aided by
using the momentum of the heavy particulate matter to separate it from the
carrier gas. The dust laden gas enters the baffle chamber and is directed
downward around a baffle and out the top of the chamber. The heavy dust
particles tend to continue moving downward and are separated from the gas
stream. They drop out a small opening in the bottom of the chamber and
are collected. The baffle chamber is used for the same type of conditions
as is the settling chamber with the advantage of a smaller space require-
ment. Gas velocities of 20 to 40 feet per second are typical in the
baffle chamber with a pressure drop of 0.1 to 0.5 inch of water. The
fan horse power requirement needed to compensate for this pressure drop is
0.02 to 0.12 per 1000 CFM of treated gas. The baffle chamber has a
collection efficiency of from 50 to 90% depending on the dust particles to
be removed (usually above 50-micron diameter).
7-11
-------
Skimming Chamber. (4379) The skiriming chamber is similar to the
baffle chamber in that it uses the greater momentum of the dust particles
to separate them from the gas stream. The dirty gas stream enters an
enclosed metal s~roll tangentially and the dust is carried to the edge by
inertia. A concentrated dust stream is skimmed from the edge of the scroll
and sent to a secondary cleaner. Gas velocities of 35 to 70 feet per
second are typical for this type of equipment. Efficiencies of .70% are
obtainable with particles 20 microns in diameter. Pressure drops of up to
1 inch of water can be expected with a resulting fan horsepower require-
ment of from 0.02 to 0.24 per 1000 CFM. The limiting size for this
type of equipment is 50,000 CFM.
Louver Type Collectors. (4379) This type of equipment also employs
the difference in momentum between the dust particles and the carrier gas
to separate out the dust. The incoming gas must make a sharp bend in order
to escape through the louver (slots) in the wall. The heavier dust
particles are carried to the end of the apparatus where they are carried
out by a small portion of the original gas stream in a concentrated stream.
Efficiency of 80% can be obtained on 20-micron particles at gas velocities
of 35 to 70 feet per second. Flow rates are limited to 30,000 CFM for this
type of equipment. A pressure drop of 0.5 to 2 inches of water can be .
expected through this type of equipment requiring from 0.12 to 0.48 fan hp
per 1000 CFM to return the gas stream to pretreatment pressure conditions.
Dry CYC10nes.(4379). In a cyclone, the dust laden gas enters the top
of the apparatus tangentially, forming a vortex that extends downward
toward the bottom of the cone-shaped base. At this point the gas then
reverses its direction and moves up the center of the outer vortex in a
vortex core. The separation of the dust occurs during the downward flow of
gas when the inertia of the particles forces them out of the gas stream
toward: the wall of the cyclone. At the bottom of the cone, the particles
continue to move downwards because of their momentum in that direction and.
are collected through a hole at the base of the cone.
7-12
-------
The simple cyclone is typi~ally applied to streams up to
50,000 CFM and can obtain 50% efficiency on 20-micron particles. Pressure
drops of 0.5 to 3 inches of water are typical with gas velocities of 35 to
70 feet per second. Fan horsepower requirements are from 0.12 to 0.74
per 1000 CFM to recover the lost pressure head.
There are several modifications of the simple cyclone also.
employed as dust collection equipment. The high efficiency cyclone employs
a relatively smaller diameter and higher gas ve1o~ities in order to obtain
a greater efficiency. Efficiencies of 80% have been obtained on 10-micron
particles. Flow rates in this type of cyclone are limited to 12,000 CFM
with an increased pressure drop of 3 to 5 inches of water because of the
increased gas velocities. The larger pressure drop dictated by this equip-
ment requires a proportionally larger fan horsepower requirement in order
to recover the lost pressure head. Another common variation on the simple
cyclone is the multiple cyclone in which many small diameter cyclones are
employed to treat the same amount of gas as a conventional cyclone. The
effect of this approach is to decrease the effective diameter and increase
the efficiency. An efficiency of 90% is nominal for 7.5-micron particles.
The p:,essure drop and fan horsepower for the multiple cyclone is similar to
the high efficiency cyclone.
Impingement Co11ector.(4379) The impingement collector also uses
the higher momentum of the dust particles to separate them from the carrier
gas. The dirty gas is accelerated by a venturi and the particle momentum
carries the dust particles through a slot in a facing metal plate where they
impinge on another plate and are collected. The carrier gas tends to
diffuse away from the path of the dust particles. It strikes the first
metal plate and is carried away rather than going through the slot. This
type of equipment can produce a 90% efficiency on la-micron particles with
a pressure drop of from 1. to 2 inches of water. Almost unlimited flow rates
are handled by impingement equipment with gas velocities of from 50 to
100 feet per second. Fan horsepower requirements for head recovery are from
0.24 to 0.48 per 1000 CPM.
7-13
-------
f-
Dry Dynamic Collector. (4379) The. dry dynamic collector is unique
in that it uses a specially designed fan to'separate the dust particles
from the carrier gas and thus has no effective pressure drop. The gas
stream is drawn into the collector and accelerated by the impellers of the
fan causing the heavy dust particles to be thrown to the outside of the fan
chamber. Here they are collected as a concentrated stream and sent to a
hopper where they settle out. Since the dynamic collector employs a fan,
there is no pressure.drop thrQugh the equipment ancl the only utility required
for this equipment is the horsepower for the collector itself. The
horsepower required for a dynamic collector is slightly greater than for a
fan for the same duty, since the mechanical efficiency is somewhat smaller
for the collector. Normally the dynamic collector can handle up to
17,000 CFM of dirty gas with efficiencies of 80% on 15-micron particles.
7.1.2.2 Electrostatic Precipitation(4303)
Electrostatic precipitators use an electrical field for charging
the particles in the incoming, pollutant-laden gas causing the charged
particles to migrate to a collecting electrode because of the electrical
field. . Particles are collected on the opposite-polarity electrode and
transferred to storage for disposal. Control equipment of this type has
had extensive application in many fields of pollution control. A primary
advantage of electrostatic precipitators is the relatively low operating
costs of these units. Power requirements are low with the gas pressure
drop rarely exceeding 1/2 to 1 inch of water. Additional power must, of
course, be supplied in the form of electric energy required to ionize and
collect the particulate material. The total power requirements for
electrostatic precipitator units, however, are low compared with power
requirements to attain equivalent efficiencies with other collecting
mechanisms; they range between 0.1 and 0.6 kw per 1000 CFM. Electrostatic
precipitation units are commonly designed to operate at greater than 90%
particulate removal on particles of 2. microns or less with gas flow rates
from 10,000 to 2,000,000 CFM. The initial cost (purchase and installation)
of electrostatic precipitation equipment is high relative to initial costs
for mechanical collectors or wet scrubbing systems.
7-14
-------
7.1.2.3 Fabric Filtration(4303)
The third class of dry collection equipment which must be considered
in a survey of fluoride emissions control equipment is fabric filters. In
this type of unit, the exhaust gas stream to be treated is passed through a
fabric filter bag which collects the particulate material in the exhaust
gases while allowing the gases to pass through to the stack for emission.
Very large areas of fabric are used to filter gas streams. The pressure
drop or resistance to air flow in fabric filter units increases as the dust
loading builds up on the fabric. In general, the range of pressure drops
for this type of unit is between 5 and 10 inches of water. Various cleaning
mechanisms are used periodically to remove collected particulate material
from the fabric filters.
Particulate collection efficiency for this type of unit often exceeds
99.5%. Fabric filter units are relatively unaffected by dust loading or
gas throughput up to their design capacity. For this reason they represent
one of the most positive and efficient particulate control devices
available. When used in conjunction with a solid adsorbent substance,
fabric filtration can achieve a high degree of gaseous pollutant removal in
fluoride control applications.
Fabric filtration suffers from two major limitations. Humid gas
streams cause problems because of caking and binding of the collected
particulate material on the fabric surface. This causes greatly increased
pressure drop and, in some cases, prevents air flow through the filter
installation. The second major limitation is in the cleaning of high
temperature exhaust gases. Certain fabric filter materials, such as glass
fibers and aromatic polyimide fabrics, have the ability to withstand exhaust
gas streams up to 5500F. For gas temperatures above this level, or when
it is desirable to use less expensive filtering materials such as nylon,
cotton or wool, the gas stream must be cooled prior to entry into the
fabric filter unit.
7-15
-------
7.2 PLANT LOCATIONS
Inventories of industrial plant locations and capacities were
prepared for the industries which are known or potential sources for the
emission of significant quantities of soluble fluorides to the atmosphere.
The industries covered are: phosphate rock processing; iron and steel
production; primary aluminum smelting; coal burning, steam electric power
generation; hydrogen fluoride production; clay products; glass products;
enamel frits; and non-ferrous metal smelters.
7.2.1
Phosphate Rock Processing
Tables 7-1 through 7-5 list capacities and plant locations for the
manufacture of: wet-process phosphoric acid, normal superphosphate, triple
superphosphate, ammonium phosphates, and elemental phosphorus.
7.2.2
Itonand Steel Production Plant Locations
There are 51 important locations where iron and steel are produced.
The major concentrations of iron and steel mills are in western
Pennsylvania, northern Ohio, and around the lower tip of Lake Michigan
(Illinois and Indiana). Large iron and steel plants are located in 12
other states as well. These plants are listed in Table 7-6 (compiled from
References 4006 and 4275).
Not listed in the table are 112 electric arc furnaces in 39 locations
scattered in 17 states. These include a few relatively large arc furnaces
listed as making only carbon steel. Most of these 112 furnaces are rela-
tively small, and the average capacity for the entire group is about 40
tons per heat. their omission i~ consequently deemed of very little com-
parative significance.
Attention should be directed to 10 blast furnaces in Utah and 4
blast furnaces in California because of the fact that iron ore mined in the
western states may have significant amounts of fluoride. Only one fluoride
level in western ore has been found in the available publications: the
fluoride content of the iron ore was found to average approximately
3000 ppm (Anon., Fluoride Control At Geneva Works, Intermountain Industry
and Review, pp. 22-26, December 1957). This is a higher fluoride level
than was reported in England for ironstone, 950 to 1200 ppm ~reat Britain,
7-16
-------
L
Table 7-1.
State and Ci ty
Arkans as
Helena
California
Edison
Hanford
Helm
Lathrop
tlichols
Trona
Delaware
North Claymont
Florida
Bartow
Bartow
BartoVi
Bartol'l
Brews ter
Fort r1eade
Mulberry
Pierce
Pierce
Pi ney Poi nt
Pl ant Ci ty
Tampa
I~hi te Spri ngs
Idaho
Ke 11 ogg
Pocate 11 0
III i noi s
Depue
East St. Louis
Streator
Tusco 1 a
Iowa
Fort r1adi son
Loui s i ana
Convent
Gei smar
Wet Process Phosphoric Acid Plant Locations(4274)
and Capacities 1969 '
Ragion
--
Bakersfield
--
Fres no
Stockton
San Francisco-
Oakland
San Bernardino-
Riverside-Ontario
Wi lmi n9ton
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
Tampa-St. Petersburg
Tampa-St. Petersburg
--
--
--
--
St. Louis
--
--
--
--
--
Company
Arkla Chern. Corp.
AFC, Inc.
Reserve Oil & Gas
Valley Nitrogen Producers,
Inc.
Occidental Chern. Co.
Collier Carbon & Chern.
Corp.
American Potash and Chern.
Corp.
Allied Chern. Corp.
CF Chemicals, Inc.
Internation Minerals
& Chern. Corp.
USS Agri-Chemicals, Inc.
W.R. Grace & Co.
American Cyanamid Co.
U.S. Agri-Chemicals, Inc.
F.S. Royster Co.
Continental Oil Co.
Farmland Industries, Inc.
Borden, I nc.
Central Phosphates, Inc.
Tennessee Corp.
Occidental Chern. Co.
North Idaho Phosphate Co.
J.R. Simplot Co.
r~ew Jersey Zi nc Co.
Allied Chemical Corp.
Borden, Inc.
rlational Distillers &
Chern. Corp.
Sinclair Oil Corp.
Freeport Sulphur Co.
Allied Chern. Corp.
.7-17
Capacity, Thousand Tons
P205 Per Year
Ortho
60
17
30
50
18
9
37
650
170
120
350
220
230
180
275
220
220
275
650
275
30
265
HiO
37
24
40
225
700
200
Super
5
13
3
50
15
17
33
110
-------
Table 7-1.
Wet Process Phosphoric Acid Plant Locations(4274)
and Capacities 196~ (continued)
Capacity, Thousand Tons
P205 Per Year
State and City Regi on Company Ortho Supe r
Mississippi
Pascau~oula -- Coastal Chem. Corp. 150
~1i ssouri
Jopl i n -- Farmers Chem. Co. 55
Jopli n -- W.R. Grace & Co. 35
North Carolina
Aurora -- . Texas Gulf Sulphur Co. 500 100
Texas
Pasadena Hous ton 01 i n 11a thi eson Chem. Corp. 225
Pasadena Hous ton Phosphate Chemicals, Inc. GO 25
Texas City Galveston-Texas City Borden. I nc. 60
Utah
Salt Lake City Salt Lake City Stauffer Chem. Co. 70 51
*
Total plant capacity is listed under "or tho. " Super acids may then be made by evaporating water
from ortho acids. The super acid capacities shown here are for those companies with this type
of concentrating equipment.
7-18
-------
Table 7-2.
State and City
Alabama
Bessemer
Birmingham
Decatur
Demopo1is
Dothan
Dothan
Montgomery
Mon tgome ry
Montgomery
Selma
Ca1 i forni a
Edison
Lathrop
Richmond
Flori da.
Cottonda1e
Jacksonville
Ni cho1s
Pensacola
Pierce
Tampa
Georgia
Albany
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Columbus
Corde1e
Douglas
East Point
Macon
Macon
Moultrie
Pelham
Savannah
Savannah
Savannah
Sa vannah
Savannah
Valdosta
Normal Superphosphate Plant Locations
and Capacities (1969)
Region
Birmingham
Birmingham
--
--
n
n
Montgomery
t10ntgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Bakers fi e 1 d
Stock ton
San Francisco-
Oakland
Jacksonville
n
Pensacola
--
Tampa-St. Petersburg
Albany
Albany
n
Atlanta
Columbus
--
--
Atlanta
tlacon
Macori
--
--
Savannah
Savannah
Savannah
Savannah
Savannah
n
Company
F.S. Royster Co.
Mobile Chem. Co.
Alabama Farmers Coop., Inc.
Central Farmers Coop., Inc.
Home Guano Co.
~'obil e Chem. Co.
Continental Oil Co.
Mobile Chem. Co.
Tennessee Corp.
Central a Farmers Coop., Inc.
AFC, Inc.
Occidental Petroleum Corp.
Stauffer Chem. Co.
Wilson & Toomer Fertilizer
Wilson & Toomer Fertilizer
t.lobi1e Chem. Co.
Continental Oil Co.
Continental Oil Co.
Tennessee Corp.
,
Swift & Co.
U.S. Agri-Chemica1s, Inc.
F.S. Royster Co.
.S\~i ft & Co.
U.S. Agri-Chemicals, Inc.
Cotton Producers Assn.
Columbia Nitrogen Corp..
Tennessee Corp.
Cotton States Fertilizer
Co.
F.S. Royster Co.
Columbia Nitrogen Corp.
Pelham Phosphate Co.
Continental Oil Co.
Kaiser Aluminum & Chem.
Corp. .
Mobile Chem. Co.
f1utual Fertilizer Co.
Southern States Phosphate
& Ferti 1 i zer Co.
Georgia Fertilizer Co.
7-19
Capacity, Thousand Tons
P205 Per Year
Ortho
50
--
50
50
40
--
--
--
n
20
100
n
50
50
125
n
--
n
n
--
n
75
n
n
70
20
75
40
50
100
60
--
150
--
50
150
75
Super
-------
Table 7-2.
State and City
Illinois
Ashkum
Ca 1 umet City
Chicago Heights
Danvi lle
Danville
East St. Louis
East St. Louis
Fulton
Morris
National Stock Yards
National Stock Yards
Streator
Indiana
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Indi anapol is'
Indianapolis
Indianapolis
. Jeffersonville
Iowa
Dubuque
Humboldt
Mason Ci ty
Perry
Kansas
Kansas Ci ty
Kentucky
London
Russell vill e
Winchester
Louisiana
Baton Rouge
Ha rvey
Lake Charles
New Orleans
Shreveport
Normal Superphosphate Plant Locations
and Capacities' (1969) (continued)
Region
--
Chicago
Chicago
n
--
St. Louis
St. Loui s
--
--
St. Loui s
St. Loui s
--
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
Indianapolis
Indianapolis
Indianapolis
Louisvi lle
Dubuque
--
--
--
Kansas Ci ty
--
--
Loui s vi 11 e
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Lake Charles
New Orleans
Shreveport
Company
Occidental Petroleum Corp.
Swift & Co.
U.S. Agri-Chernical, Inc.
Continental Oil Co.
National Distillers &
Chern. Corp.
F.S. Services, Inc.
Mobil Chern. Corp.
Continental Oil Co.
Gilerist Plant Food Co.
Swi ft & Co.
Continental Oil Co.
Borden, Inc.
Mobil Chern. M Co.
Borden, I nc.
. Indiana Farm Bureau Coop.
Assn, Inc.
International Minerals
& Chem. Corp.
F.S. Royster Co.
Indiana Farm Bureau Coop.
Assn, Inc.
f.1obi 1 Chern. Co.
Continental Oil Co.
International Minerals
& Chern. Corp. \
W.R. Grace & Co.
Gulf Oil Corp.
Continental Oil Co.
Borden, I nc.
Southern States Coop, Inc.
Louisiana Agricultural
Supply Co., Inc..
Swift & Co.
Kelly, Weber & Co., Inc.
U.S. Agri-Chemicals, Inc.
Mobil Chern. Co.
7-20
Capacity, Thousand Tons
P205 Per Year
Ortho Super
25
--
--
--
n
60
--
--
--
--
--
--
n
--
90
--
90
, 40
--
--
--
--
40
--
25
20
25
--
30
--
--
-------
Tab 1 e 7 - 2 .
State and Ci ty
Maine
Sears port
Sears port
Maryl and
Baltimore
Baltimore
Ba lti more
Ba ltimore
Baltimore
Massachusetts
North B i11 eri ca
North Weymouth
Michigan
Lansing
Saginaw
Saginaw
Sagi naw
Minnesota
Winona
Mississippi
Jackson
Jackson
Magee
Marks
Meridian
Pascagoula
Tupelo
Mi ssouri
Joplin
New Jersey
Carteret.
New York
Buffalo
Normal Superphosphate Plant Locations
and Capacities (1969) (continued)
Region
Compa ny
--
W. R. Grace & Co.
Northern Chem.
Industries, Inc.
--
Ba ltimore
Ba lt i more
Ba 1 ti more
Baltimore
Continental Oil. 'Co.
W.R. Grace & Co.
Kerr-r~cGee Chem. Corp.
Olin Mathieson Chern. Corp.
F. S. Roys te r Co.
Baltimore
Lowe 11
Bos ton
Lowe11 Rendering Co.
Continental Oil Co.
Lansing
Saginaw
Saginaw
Saginaw
W.R. Grace & Co.
Borden, I nc.
Continental Oil Co.
Farm Bureau Services, Inc.
--
Cenex, Inc.
/
Jackson
Jackson
Mobil Chern. Co.
F.S. Royster Co.
Magee Coop.
Riverside Fertilizer
Factory
. Atlas Fertilizer & Chem. Co.
--
--
n
n
Coasta1 Chern. Corp.
International Minerals
& Chem. Corp.
--
--
W.R. Grace & Co.
--
Continental Oi1 Co.
Buffa 10
Continenta1 Oil Co.
7-21
Capacity, Thousand Tons
P205 Per Year
Ortho
Super
n
n
n
--
n
--
100
30
n
n
--
--
50
50
--
50
30
n
n
- -
--
n
--
--
-------
Table 7-2.
Norma 1 Superphos,phate Pl ant Locati ons
and Capaci~ies (1969) (continued)
Capaci ty, Thousand Tons
PZ05 Per Year
State and City Region Company Ortho Super
North Carolina
Charlotte Charlotte F.S. Rays ter Co. 50
Greensboro Greensboro-Winston- Conti nenta 1 Oil Co. --
Salem-High Point
Greensboro Greensboro-Winston- Swi ft & Co. --
Salem-High Point
Greensboro Greensboro-Winston- U.S. Agri - Chemi ca 1 s, Inc. --
. Salem-High Point
Ri ege hlDod -- Kaiser Aluminum & Chem. 50
Corp.
Selma -- Mobi 1 Chem. Co. --
Wilmington Wil mi ngton t.10bi 1 Chem. Co. --
Wilmington Wilmi ngton Swi ft & Co. --
Wilmington Wil mi ngton U.S. Agri-Chemicals, Inc. --
OhiO
Cai ro -- ~onti nenta 1 Oil Co. --
Ci nci nna ti Cincinnati International Minerals & --
Chem. Corp.
Ci nci nnati Cincinnati Mobil Chem. Co. --
Cleveland Cleveland Continental Oil Co. --
Cleveland Cleveland Swi ft & Co. --
Col umbus Columbus Borden, Inc. --
Co 1 umbus Columbus Federa 1 Chem. Co. ' --
columbus Co 1 umbus W. R. Grace & Co. --
Lockland Cincinnati Tennessee Corp. 100
Toledo Toledo F.S. Rays ter Co. 100
Washington, -- Continental Oil Co. --
Court House
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City Oklahoma City American Cyanamid Co. 50
Pennsyl vani a
Philadelrhia Phil adel phi a Kerr-t1cGee Chem. Corp. --
South Carol i na
Cha rl es ton CharI es ton Continental Oil Co. --
Charleston Cha rl es ton W. R. Grace & Co. --
CharI es ton Charleston 110bi 1 Chem. Co. --
Charleston Charleston Pl anters Fertil i zer Co. --
Charleston CharI eston F.S. Rays ter Co. 40
Spartanburg -- International 1.1i nera 1 s & --
Chem. Corp.
7-22
-------
Table 7-2.
State and Ci ty
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Knoxville
LaVergne
Memphis
Mt. Pl easant
Nashvi 11 e
Nashville
Nas hvi 11 e
Nashvi 11e
Tenco
Wales
Texas
Comanche
Galena Park
Hous ton
Littlefield
Plainview
Sulphur Springs
Utah
North Salt Lake
Virginia
Chesapeake
Norfo 1 k
Norfo 1 k
Norfol k
Norfo 1 k
Norfo 1 k
Richmond
Richmond
Washington
Tacoma
Wisconsin
Madison
Prairie DuChien
Normal Superphosphate Pl~nt Locations
and Capacities (1969) (continued)
Reg i on
--
Knoxvi 11 e
--
Memph i s
--
Nashvill e
Nashvi lle
Nashville
Nashville
Knoxvi lle
--
--
Hous ton
Houston
--
--
--
Sa 1 t Lake Ci ty
Norfolk-Portsmouth
Norfolk-Portsmouth
Norfolk-Portsmouth
Norfolk-Portsmouth
Norfolk-Portsmouth
Norfolk-Portsmouth
Richmond
Richmond
Tacoma
Madi son
--
Company
A.D. Adair & McCarty
Bro., Inc.
Continental Oil Co.
Tennessee Farmers Coop.
Mobil Chem. Co.
t40bile Chem. Co.
Continental Oil Co.
Federal Chem. Co.
W.R. Grace & Co.
U.S. Agri-Chemicals Inc.
Tennessee Farmers Coop.
International Minerals &
Chem. Corp.
Central 1exas Fertilizer
Co., Inc.
American Plant Food Corp.
Occidental Petroleum Corp.
Caprock Fertilizer Co.
Occidental Petroleum Co.
Farmland Industries, Inc.
/
Mi nera 1 Ferti 1 i zer Co.
F.S. Royster Co.
Borden, Inc.
.Farmers Guano Co.
W.R. Grace & Co.
Swift & Co.
Weaver Fertilizer Co., Inc.
Mobil Chemical Co.
Richmond Guana Co.
Stauffer Chem. Co.
F.S.. Royster Co.
F.S. .Services, Inc.
7-23
Capacity, Thousand Tons
P205 Per Year
Ortho Super
25
--
30
--
--
--
--
--
--
30
--
15
--
n
3D
--
50
25
100
60
50
--
n
60
--
60
--
BO
120
-------
Tab le 7-3.
Triple $uperphosph~te Plant Locations (4274)
~nd Capacities (1969).
Capacity, Thousand Tons
P205 Per Year
State and City Region Compa ny Ortho Super
Alabama
Wil son Dam -- Tennessee Valley Authority 30
Florida
Agricola -- Swift & Co. 175
Bartow -- W.R. Grace & Co. 565
Bartow -- International Minerals 450
& Chern. Corp.
Brewster -- American Cyanamid Co. 400
Ft. Meade -- U.S. Agri-Chemicals, Inc. 245
Green Bay -- Farmland Industries, Inc. 100
Mulberry -- F.S. Royster Co. 510
Nichols -- Mobil Chern. Co. 400
Pierce -- Continental Oil Co. 400
Plant City Tampa-St.Petersburg Central Phos pha te, I nc . 255
Port Manatee -- Borden. I nc. 70
Tampa Tampa-St. Petersburg Tennessee Corp. 850
White Springs -- Occidental Petroleum Corp. 150
Idaho
Conda -- El Paso Products Co. 128
Pocate 110 -- J.R. Sirilplot, Co. 130
Missouri
Joplin -- W.R. Grace & Co. 32
North Carol i na
Aurora -- Texas Gulf Sulphur Co. 355
Utah
Sa It lake City Sa It lake City Stauffer Chern. Co. 100
Washi ngton
Tacoma Tacoma Stauffer Chern. Co. --
7-24
-------
Tab:' e 7,-4.
Ammonium Phosphate P'an~ Locations(4274)
and Capacities ('9~9) (continued)
State and Ci ty
Alabama
Cherokee
Muscle Shoals
Ari zona
Chandler
Arkansas
Hel ena
Ca 1 i furni a
Brea
Edison
Fontana
Hanford
Helm
Lathrop
Nichols
Pi ttsburg
Richmond
Florida
Barto\~
Bartow
Brews ter
Mulberry
Pierce
Pierce
Piney Point
Pl ant City
Tampa
White Spri ngs
Reg i on
--
--
Phoenix
--
Anaheim-
Santa Ana-
Garden Grove
Bakersfield
Sa n Berna rd i no-
Ri vers i de-
Ontario
--
Fres no
Stock ton
San Franci sco-
Oakl and
San Franci sco-
Oakland
Sa n Fra nc i sco-
Oakland
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
Tampa-
St. Petersburg
Tampa-
St. Petersburg
--
*See footnote at end of table.
Company
U.S. Agri-Chemical, Inc.
Tennessee Valley Authori ty
Arizona Agrochemical Corp.
Arkla Chem. Corp.
Collier Carbon &
Chern. Corp.
A FC, I nc .
Kaiser Steei Corp.
Reserve Oil & Gas
Va 11 ey Ni trogen
Producers, I nc.
Occidental Petroleum Corp.
Collier Carbon & Chern.
Corp.
She 11 Chern. Co.
Chevron Chern. Co.
W.R. Grace & Co.
International Minerals &
Chern. Corp.
American Cyanamid Co.
F.S. Royster Co.
Continental Oil Co.
Farmland Industries, Inc.
Borden, I nc.
Central Phosphates, Inc.
Tennessee Corp.
Occidental Petroleum Corp.
7-25
Capacity, Thousand Tons
P205 Per Year
180
157
35
100
50
88
24
--
170
40
60
12
--
200
650
200
100
400
200
128
200
390
309
*
Product
D
D,L,N
D,S,
D
L
D,S,
D
D,S
D,M,S
I~ ,L
D,M,S
D
N
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
,
D,M
D,L
-------
Table 7-4.
Ammonium Phosphate P1ant.Locations(4274)
and Capacities (1969) (continued)
Capaci ty, Thousa'nd Tons ,*
State and City Region' Company P205 Per Year Product
Idaho
Kellogg -- North Idaho Phosphate 50 D,I1,L
Co.
Poca te 11 0 -- J.R. Simp10t Co. 286 D,L
Illinois
Chi cago Hei ghts Chicago Stauffer Chern. Co. 25 D,M
Depue -- New Jersey Zinc Co. 270 ' D
Henry -- W.R. Grace & Co. 100 D,M
Morri s -- Stauffer ,Chern. Co. 26 L
Streator -- Bordon, Inc. 37 D,M
Iowa
Fort Madison -- Chevron Chern. Co. -- N
Fort Madi son -- Sinc1ilir Oil Corp. 420 D,L
Kansas
Lawrence -- ,FMC Corp. -- L
Louisiana
Dona1dsonville -- Gulf Oil Corp. 300 D,L '
Geismar -- Allied Chern. Corp. 420 D,L
Lu1 i ng -- Monsanto Co. 300 D,N
Michigan
Dearborn Detroit Ford Motor Co. 18 D
Miss~ssippi
Pascagou1a -- Coas ta 1 Chern. Corp. 420 D,M,N
Missouri
Joplin -- Farmers Chern. Co. 200 D,M
Joplin -- W.F. Grace & Co. -- D
North Carol i na
Aurora -- Texas Gulf Sulphur Co. 220 D
*
,See footnote at end of table.
7-26
-------
Table 7-4~,:Ammonium Phosphate -Plant Locations and(4274)
Capac.ities ,(1969) (cont)nl,J~d)
State and City Capacity, Thousand Tons *
Region Company P205 Per Year Product
Texas ; ,. "Ii'
Brownfield -- Goodpasture Grain & 100 L
'. Milling Co.
Dilll11itt -. Elcor Chem. Corp. 25 L
Ga 1 ena Park -- American Plant Food Corp. 175 S
Hous ton Hous ton . ~ . Occidental Petroleum -- D,S
Corp. .
Kerens -- Ni pak 100 D
Pasadena Houston Olin Mathieson Chern. 700 D,M,S
Corp.
Pasade!1a Hous ton Phosphate Chemicals, Inc. 50 D
Plainview -- Occidental Petroleum 20 D,S
Corp.
Utah
Salt lake City Sa 1 t Lake Ci ty Stauffer Chem. Co. 175 D,M,S,l
Washi ngton
Kennewick -- 'Chevron Chem. Co. -- N
*.
D = Di Ammonium Phosphates
l = Liquid (Ammonium Polyphosphates ) Solutions
M = Monoammonium Phosphates
N = Anmonium Phosphates - Nitrates'
S = Anmonium Phosphates - Sulfates
7-27
-------
Table 7-5.1 ElemelJtali,Phosphoru,sPlan:\: :Locatio~s
and Cap'abil i.t i~es .' (,Apri 1 -"1'969).
State and City
Alabama
Muscle Shoals
Florida
Nichols
Pierce
Tarpon Spri ngs
Idaho
Pocate110
Soda Springs
Mo.ntana
S i1 ver Bow
South Carolina
Cha r les ton
Tennessee
Columbia
Columbia
Mt. P1 easant .
Mt. Pleasant
. -
Region
..
Company
. .
--
Tennessee Va Hey Authority.
--
Mobil Chern . Co..
Conti nenta1 Oi 1 Co.
Stauffer Chern. Co".
--
Tampa-St. Petersburg
--
FMC Corp
Monsanto Co~
--
--
Stauffer Chern. Co.
Charleston
Mobil Chern. Co.
'.
..
--
Hooker Chern. Corp...
Monsanto Co;
. Mobil Chern. Co..
Stauffer Chern. Co.'
Mo
--
--
7-28
Capacity,. Thousand Tons
. P4 Per Year
Ortho Super
40
6
30
23
145 r.'
100
42
10
70
140
. 20
63
-------
Table 7-6.
Location of Iron and SteelWorks (1~70)(4006~4275)
Steel Works , Steel Works, Steel Works,
- Integra ted Number of Number of Number of
Iron and Steel Ironworks, Open Hearth Electric Arc Basic Oxygen
Works, Number ( ) Number of ( ) Furnaces ( ) Furnaces () Furnaces ( )
State and City of Blast Furnaces a Blast Furnaces a (Tons/Heat) b (Tons/Heat) c (Tons/Heat) d
Alabama
Birmingham 5
Gadsden 2 2(370) 2(300)
Jefferson 8 21(4100)
City
Woodward 4
California
Alameda 4(600)
Fontana 4 8(1800) 3(300)
Los Ange 1 es 6(305)
Torrance 4(280)
Colorado
Pueblo 4 2(236)
Delaware
New Castle 2(300)
III i noi s
Chicago 1
Eas t - Chi cago 8
Grani te Ci ty 2 2 (440)
Peori a 5(875)
Riverdale 1
South Chicago 15 4(1000) 4(600) 2(240)
I ndi ana
East Chicago 3 39(7520) 2(240) 4(1040)
Gary 12 36(5400)
Porter City 2(600)
Kentucky
Ashland 3 2(360)
Covington 7(630) 3(225)
Maryland
Baltimore 18(6000) 6( 87) 2(400)
Sparrows Pt 10
(a)Average blast furnace capacity = 1000 tons/day
(b)Average open hearth furnaces = 2 heats/day
(c)Listed electric arc furnaces = 3.5 heats/day
(d) Average basic -oxygen furnaces = 12 heats/day
7-29
-------
Table 7-6. Location of Iron and Steel Works(4006,4275)
(1970) (continued) .
Steel Works, Steel Works, Steel Works,
Integrated Number of Number of Number of
Iron and Steel Ironworks, Open Hearth Electric Arc Basic Oxygen
- Works, Number( ) Number of () Furnaces ( ) Furnaces ( ) Furnace ( )
State and City of Blast Furnaces a Blast Furnaces a (Tons/Heat) b (Tons/Heat) c (Tons/Heat) d
Michigan
Dearborn 3
Detroit 4(700) 11 (2030)
Ecorse 4
Trenton 2
Mi nnesota
Dul uth 2 9(1350)
New York
Albany 5(80)
Buffa 1 0 2 4
Erie City 2(200)
Lackawana 7 14(3100) 3(870)
No. Tonawanda 1
Syracuse 5{ 95)
Troy 1
Ohio
Campbe 11 4
Canton 2 17(1880)
Cleveland 8 2 16(3880) 4(900)
.Hamilton 1
Jackson 1
Lorain 5
Mahoni ng Cty 12(2520)
Mans fi el d 6(1020) 2(200)
Middletown 2 6 ( 1860) 2(400)
Portsmouth 2 5(1600)
Steubenv1l1 e 5 11 (2360) 2(550)
Toledo 2 2(150)
Warren 1 2(370) 2(300)
Youngstown 10
(a)Average blast furnace capacity = 1000 tons/day
(b)Average open hearth furnaces = 2 heats/day
(c)Listed electric arc furnaces = 3.5 heats/day
(d) Average basic oxygen furnaces = 12 heats/day
7-30
-------
-.----L- -
Table 7-6.
Location of Iron and Steel Works(4006,4275)
(1970) (Continued)
Steel Works, Steel Works, S tee 1 Works.
Integra ted Number of Number of Number of
Iron and Steel Ironworks, Open Hearth Electric Arc Bas i c Oxygen
. Works, Number () Number of () Furnaces ( ) Furnaces ( ) Furnaces ( )
State and City of Blast Furnaces a . Blast Furnaces a (Tons/Heat) b (Tons/Heat) c (Tons/Heat) d
Pennsyl vani a
Aliquippa 5
Allegheny Cty 59(13,630) 16(800) 4(540)
Beaver Ci ty 9(600) 7(985)
Beth 1 ehem 5 6(235) 4(500)
Braddock 6
Bucks County 9(3550) 4(500)
Ches ter 5(750)
Coatesvi 11 e 6(870) 3(345)
Dauphin 4(775) 3(450)
Duq ues ne 5
Erie 1
Fairless Hills 3
Farrell 2
Ivy Rock 2
Johnstown 5 2(130)
McKeesport 4
Mercer Ci ty 11(1650) 3(220) 2(300)
Midland 3
M; ffl i n Cty 2(58)
Monessen 3 8(1760) 2(400)
Montgomery Cty 2(280)
Neville Isl. 2
Philadelphia 2(180)
Pittsburgh 5
Ranki n 5
Sharpsvi lle 2
Sheridan 1
Tennessee
Rockwood 2
Texas
Da Has 5(1250)
Hous ton 1
Lone Star 1
Utah
Provo 3 10(3400)
Virginia
Lynchburg 2
(a)Average blast furnace capacity = 1000 tons/day
(b)Average open hearth furnaces - 2 heats/day
(c)Listed electric arc furnaces = 3.5 heats/day
(d)Average basic oxygen furnaces - 12 heats/day
7-31
-------
Table 7-6.
Location of Iron and Steel Works(4006,4275)
(1970) (continued)
Integra ted S tee 1 Works, S tee 1 Works, Steel Works,
Number of .Number of Number of
Iron and Steel Ironworks, Open Hearth Electric Arc Basic Oxygen
Works, Number Number of Fu rnaces ( ) Furnaces ( Furnaces (
State and Ci ty of Blast Furnaces(a) Blast Furnaces(a) (Tons/Heat) b (Tons/Heat) c) (Tons/Heat) d)
Washington
Seattle 4 (280)
West Virginia
Weirton 4 2(670)
(a) Average blast furnace capacity = 1000 tons/day
(b)Average open hearth furnaces = 2 heats/day
(c)Listed electric arc furnaces = 3.5 heats/day
(d) ..
Average basic oxygen furnaces = 12 heats/day
84th Annual Report on Alkali, Etc., Works by the Chief Inspectors, 1947,
London, H.M. Stationery Office (1948) and 85th Annual Report (1949)J.
In general, sintering plants are located at integrated iron and
steel works. No separate listing is available.
7.2.3-
Primary Aluminum Smelting Plant Locati.ons
There are 29 separate locations i~ the U.S. where aluminum reduc-
tion plants are operated or under construction.
The locations of these reduction plants and their production capac-
ities are listed in Table 7-7.
7.2.4
Coal Burning Steam-Electric Power Plant Locations
Most of the coal consumed in the United States is burned for
. .
generation of power by steam-electric power plants. The electric power
utility industry used 312,000~000 tons of coal in 1969. The locations
of coal burning electric utility plants are given in Table 7-8, along
with the coal consumption reported for 1969.
Since total anthracite coal production is only 5,000,000 tons
(1968) and is decreasing, the fluoride emissions 'from combustion of
anthracite coal are not considered as significant.
7-32 .
-------
Table 7-7.
Pl ant Capacity for Manufacturing (4273)
Primary Aluminum .
Annua 1 Capaci ty, Reduction Cell
State and City Tons Types*
Alabama
Sheffield 221 ,000 HS
Scottsboro 210,000 (planned) PB
Arkansas
Arkadelphia 63,000 HS
Jones Mills 122,000 PB
Indiana
Evansville 175,000 PB
Kentucky
Hawsville 45,000 PB
Louisiana
Chalmette 260,000 HS
Lake Charles 35,000 PB
Maryland
Frederick 90,000 PB
Missouri
New Madrid 110,000 (planned) PB
Montana
Columbia Fans 175,000 VS
New York
Massena 125,000 PB
North Carolina 128,000 HS
Badin 100,000 PB
Ohio
Hannibal 240,000 PB
Oregon
The Da 11 es 87,000 VS
Trontdale 100,000 PB
Tennessee
Alcoa 200,000 all
New Johnsonville 140,000 PB
Texas
Corpus Christi 110,000 HS
Point Comfort 175,000 VS
Rockdale 275,000 PB
Washington
Bell ingham 265,000 PB
Longview 190,000 HS
Tacoma 81,000 HS
Spokane 206,000 PB
Vancouver 100,000 PB
Wenatchee 175,000 PB
West Virginia
Ravenswood 163,000 PB
*PB = Prebaked Anode
HS = Horizontal Stud Soderberg
VS = Vertical Stud Soderberg
7-33
-------
Table 7-8. Location of Coal Burning Stea~-Electric(4382)
Util i ty Plants (1969)
Coal Burned in Coal Burned in
State and Ci ty 1969, 1000 Tons State and City 1969, 1000 Tons
ALABAMA GEORGIA
Bucks 1,274 Bidd County 155
Chickasaw 50 .Cobb County 209
Gadsden 224 Floyd County 740
Gorgas 1,865 Mi 11 edgev 111 e 2,963
Demopo1is 1,380 Cobb County 1,326
Wi 1 sonvi 11 e 3,273 Brunswick 303
Pride 2.,106 Daugherty City 404
Pride 1,335 Coweta City 1,389
Stevenson 4,042 Corde1e 17.
Gantt 23 TOTAL GEORGIA 7,506
Anda1usia 96
TOTAL ALABAMA 15,668 ILLINOIS
ARIZONA Ba rtonv 111 e 983
Peoria 8
Joseph City 397 E. Peori a 520
TOTAL ARIZONA Bartonv111 e . 100
397 Montgomery Co. 1,057
ARKANSAS Grand Tower 417
Hutsonvil1e 481
TOTAL ARKANSAS 0 Meredosia 805
Dixon 270
COLORADO Chicago 2,608
A1amosa 3. Rockford 98
Joliet 3,995
Denver 1,514 Kincaid 2,401
Cameo 85 Pekin 793
Boulder 430 Stickney 1,257
Montrose 55 Rockford 187
Durango 9 Waukegan 2,021
Canon City 126 Lockport Twp. 3,048
Pueblo 1 Joppa 3,511
Colorado Springs 39 Havana 369
Fort Coll ins 2 Hennepin 377
Wa1senburg 12 Oakwood 517
Hayden 541 Wood River 1,639
Nuc1 a 65 Moline 18
TOTAL COLORADO 2,882 Monsanto 267
Venice 1,022
CONNECTICUT. Fairfield 36
Milford . 728 Highland 28
Mount Carmel 60
Montville 467 Peru 32
Norwa 1k 843 Rochelle 30
Stamford 57 Springfield 512
Wallingford 18 Winnetka 22
TOTAL. CONNECTICUT 2,113 Marion 207
DELAWARE TOTAL ILLINOIS 29,706
Wilmington 817 INDIANA
Mi 11 sboro 467 I nd. -Ill. -Line 2,227
Dover 57 Madison 4,280
TOTAL DELAWARE 1,341 Sullivan 1,125
Lawrenceburg 2,829
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Mishawaka 763
Washington, D.C. 777 Indianapolis 851
Petersburg 851
TOTAL DISTRICT OF Centerton 769
COLUMBIA 777 Dune Acres 1,298
Michigan City 342
FLORI DA Gary 813
Red Level 940 Terre Haute 388
Edwardsport 447
Pensacola 184 New Albany 1,763
Chattahoochee 192 Nob1esville 110
Panama Ci ty 930 Terre Haute 2,295
Tampa 2,286 Rushvi11e 5
TOTAL FLORIDA 4,532 Newburg 458
7-34
-------
Table '7-8.
Location of .Coal. BurningS.team-Electric(4382)
Utility Plants (1969): (continued)
Coal Burned in Coa 1 Burned in
State and City 1969, 1000 Tons State and City 1969, 1000 Tons
. INDIANA KENTUCKY
. , (Conti nued) (Continued)
. Evansvi 11 e 295 Burnside 421
Anderson Ford 272
Crawf'dsv'le 87 TOTAL KENTUCKY
Fort Wayne 76 14,481
Frankfort . 74 LOUISIANA
Huntingsburg 8
Jasper 45 TOTAL LOUISIANA 0
Logansport 83
Peru 58 MASSACHUSETTS
Richmond 53 . Holyoke
Richmond 141 398
,:Washington 58 Worcester 63
New Bedford 3
. TOTAL INDIANA 22,592 Somerset 730
Salem 243
IOWA Springfield 20
Dubuque 101 W. Spri ngfi e 1 d 446
Clinton 513 TOTAL MASSACHUSETTS 1,903
Lansing 121
Boone 9 MARYLAND
Iowa Falls 1 Baltimore
Cedar Rapi ds 493 3,451
Marsha 11 town 155 Vienna 243
Iowana 304 Cumberland 49
C' cil B1 uffs 172 Wi 11 i amsport 389
Des Moines 347 Chalk Point 1,122
. Carroll 3 Dickerson 1,464
Charles City 5 Hagerstown 89
Eagle Grove 0.6 TOTAL MARYLAND 6,807
Storm Lake 2
Sioux City 14 MICHIGAN
.Water100 94 West 01 ive
.Sa1ix 172 1,349
E.ddyvil1 e 227 Muskegon 1,139
Burlington 519 Battle Creek 39
Ames 20 Kalamazoo 31
Cedar Falls 26 Essexvil1e 1,385
Mt. Pleasant 22 Comstock 151
Muscatine 112 Milwaukee 125
'Pe 11 a 37 Essexville 1,357
Sibley 5 Grand Rapi ds 26
Webster City 11 Erie 955
Humboldt 22 Detroit 2,113
Spencer 37 Marysvil1e 6B4
Montpelier 121 Wyandotte 26
Creston 1 River Rouge 1,994
TOTAL IOWA E. China Twp. 4,484
3,667 Trenton 2,425
KANSAS Wyandotte 67
Harbor Beach 234
Riverton 19 Ma rquette 508
Parsons 1 Escanaba 77
Lawrence 73 L'anse 26
Tecumseh 60 Co 1 dwa ter . 34
Kansas Ci ty. 168 Gladstone 13
Grand Haven 69
TOTAL KANSAS 321 Holland 81
KENTUCKY Lansing 546
Traverse Ci.ty 144
Louisa 1,094 Wyandotte 63
Bergen 489 Boyne City 108
Ca rro 11 ton 638 TOTAL MICHIGAN 20,253
Pi nevi 11 e 49
Tyrone 98 MINNESOTA
Loui svi 11 e 2,210
Henderson 84 Sherburn 19
Owensboro 497 Aurora 336
Drakesboro 3,858 Cohasset 486
Paducah 4;472 Duluth 203
Sebree 242 Minneapolis 1,301
Hawesvi 11 e 57 St: Paul 505.
7-35
-------
Table ' Location of Co~l Burning' ~te~m~Electric(4382)
7-8.'
Utility Plants (1969)'(continued) .
Coal Burned in Coal Burned in
State and City 1969" 1000 Tons State and City 1969, 1000 Tons
MINNESOTA NEBRASKA
(Continued) ( Conti nued)
Granite Falls 63 Bellevue 89
Red Wing 28 Omaha 59
St. Cloud 17 TOTAL NEBRASKA 885
Mankato 21
Winona 34 NEW HAMP?HIRE
Oak Part Hts. 1,207
Crookston .19 Bow 934
Fergus Fa 11 s 622 TOTAL NEW HAMPSHIRE 934
Ortonville 70.
Alexandria 5- NEW JERSEY
Austin 15
Detroit Lakes 3 Penns Grove 128
. Fa i rmont 6 Bees 1eys Pt. 757
Hibbing 45 At1 anti c City 142
Litchfield 4 Sayer v i 11 e 584
Moorhead 2 Holland 341
New U1m 12 Ridgeland 985
Rochester 61 Jersey Ci ty 287
Sleepy Eye 4 Hami lton Twp 926
Springfield 2 Vine1and 136
Two Harbors 6 TOTAL NEW JERSEY 4,286 .
Virginia 52
Wi 11 mar 15 NEW MEXICO
Worthington 7
Elk River 22 Farmi ngton 2,778
TOTAL MINNESOTA 5,192 .Raton 19
TOTAL NEW MEXICO 2,797
MISSISSIPPI
Gulfport 548 NEW YORK
TOTAL MISSISSIPPI ..548 Rosetown 995
New York City Area 3,866
MISSOURI Union 358
Montrose . 1,725 Torry 425
Kansas City 389 E. Corni ng 241
Jefferson City Brainbridge 129
Lansing 798
Hexi co 49 Bethlehem 939
Seda li a Dunkirk 1,350
Clinton Tonawanda 1,600
P1 easant Hi 11
Sibley 413 Oswego 823
St. Joseph 39 Tompkins Cove 367
Rochester 297
St. Louis 2,468 Greece 574
West A1 ton 2,079 Jamestown 121
Chi 11 i cothe 45
Co 1 umbia 137 TOTAL NEW YORK 12,883
Fulton . 25
Hannibal 42 ~
Independence 23 Moapa 631
Macon 1
Marsha 11 2 TOTAL NEVADA 631
Poplar Bl uff 0.6
Sprin9fie1d 28 NORTH. DAKOTA
Randolph Co. : 1,166 Beulah 66 49
Chamois 153 Mandan 463 ~
Mi ssouri City 75 Minot 18 -
TOTAL MISSOURI 8,860 Fargo 81
Grand Forks 49
MONTANA Devils lake 5649
. , Jamestown .49 49"
Sidney 306 Wahpeton 8W
Billings 283 Va 11 ey Ci ty 23 -
TOTAL foI>NTANA .589 Stanton 1,184
Vel va 86
NEBRASKA Grand Forks 4
Alliance 4 Stanton 807
Fremont 7 TOTAL NORTH DAKOTA 2,894
Fremont 8
Lincoln 2 NORTH CAROLINA
Hallam 168 Moncure 969
Lincoln 10 I Go1dsboro 922
.',7-36'
-------
Table 7-8. Loca ti on of .Coa 1 Burning Steam-E1ectric(4382)
Uti 1 ity P1 ants (1969) (continued)
Coal Burned in Coal Burned in
State and Ci ty 1969, 1000 Tons . State and City 1969, 1000 Tons
NORTH CAROLI NA PENNSYLVANIA
(Continued)
Sprin9dale 765
Roxboro 2,213 Elrama 1,541
Ashville 546 South Heights 1,365
Wilmi ngton 536 Brunot Island 559
Lumberton 268 Middletown 199
Belmont 3,074 Reading 860
Spencer 1,243 Portland 1,055
Cliffside 601 Erie 351
Draper 778 Sa'xton 119
Terre 11 3,311 Seward 601
Mount Holly 1,746 Shawville 1,783
Greenville 1 Warren 236
Kinston 17 Wi 11 iamsburg 116
I Chapel Hi 11 22 Homer City 311
'TOTAL NORTH CAROLINA 16,247 W. Pittsburgh 1,062
York Haven 2,294
OHIO Hauto 9
Ho ltwood 502
New Richmond 2,556 Martins Creek 855
North 8end 1,019 Pittston 377
Ashtabula 1,018 Sunbury 1,395
Avon Lake 1,427 Plum Creek Twp 3,345
Eastlake 1,811 Philadelphia Area 3,476
Cleveland 1,685 Reesedale 1,053
Conesvi 11 e 1,275 Mil esburg 160
Columbus 282 Courtney 1,218
Athens 631 Springdale 752
Co 1 umbu's 93 Masontown 26
S. Dayton 852 Chambers burg 24
Dayton 1,026 Lansdale 42
Miamisbur9 Quakertown 20
Di 11es Bottom 1,247 TOTAL PENNSYLVANIA 26,471
Lorain 305
Akron 203 SOUTH CAROLINA
Springfield 86 Hartsvi11e
Warren 426
Nil es 570 Chappels 50
Stratton 3,539 Pe lzer 1,001
Toronto 470 Duncan 41
Bri 11 iant 2,996 Canadys 753
Beverly 3,630 Parr 76
Philo 962 Irmo 430
Brill i ant 569 Beech Island 269
Bluffton 56 Conway' 540
Cheshire 2,894 Moncks Corner 50
Toledo 361 TOTAL SOUTH CAROLINA 3,636
Oregon 1,497
Toledo SOUTH DAKOTA
Ce 11 na 37
Co 1 umbus . 82 Rapid City 94
Dover 40 Lead 97
E. Palestine 24 Mobridge 19
Hamil ton 161 Sioux Falls 26
Martins Ferry 37 Aberdeen 18
Napoleon 31 Mitche 11 19
Norwa lk 41 Watertown 4
Orrvi 11 e 62 TOTAL SOUTH DAKOTA 277
Pa i nesvi 11 e 65
Piqua 93 TENNESSEE
Reading 31 Memphis
St. Marys 25 1,212
Shelby 38 Oak Ridge 1,556
Troy 65 Gallatin 2,939
TOTAL OHIO Johnsonville 1,892
33,892 Johnsonville 1,650
OKLAHOMA Kingston 4,030
Rogervill e 1,798
Oklahoma City 1 TOTAL TENNESSEE 15,077
Ponca City 0.1
TOTAL OKLAHOMA
7-37
-------
Tab 1 e 7 -8 .
Location of Coal Burning Steam~Electric(4382)
Utility Plants (1969) (continued) .
State and City
State and Ci ty
Coal Burned in
1969, 1000 Tons
TEXAS
Houston
TOTAL TEXAS
UTAH
Cedar City
Castle Gate
o rem
Provo
TOTAL UTAH
WEST vIRGINIA
Cabin Creek
Glasgow
Graham
Power
Albright
Morgantown
Rivesville
St. Marys
Capti na
Albright
Mt. Storm
TOTAL WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
Ashland
Madi son
La Crosse
Superior
Milwaukee
St. . Francis
Oak Creek
Port Washington
Oak CreeR
Milwaukee
Appleton
Beloit
Sheboygan
Sheboygan
Cassvill e
Beloit
Rothchil d
Green Bay
Manitowoc
Marshfield
Menasha
Richland Ctr.
Alma
Genoa
Genoa
Cassville
TOTAL WISCONSIN
WYOMING
Osage
Gi 11 ette
Sheridan
Glen Rock
KE!II8IIerer
TOTAL WYOMING
VERMONT
Burlington
TOTAL VERMONT
Coal Burned in
1969,1000 Tons
o
VIRGINIA
Carbo
Glen Lyn
Riverton
Alexandria
Bremo Bl uff
Chester
Portsmouth
Oumfri es
Norfolk
Richmond
Yorktown
Oanvi 11 e
TOTAL VIRGINIA
TOTAL UNITED STATES(a)
7
351
0.2
17
375
432 .
1,221
2,651
629
753
2,889
544
771
l,6Bl
304
2,679
14,554
98
119
52
24
28
43
1,084
857
2,507
519
63
313 .
28
632
440
1,059
. 177 .
115
77
41
7
612
10
385
135
9,425
231
104
32
1,489
1,216
3,072
37
37
(a)ooes not include all coal burning steam-electric pla.nts.
plants is 333 million tons.
1,990
1,000
71'
1,062
546
1,634
353
433
132
113
559
36
7,929
-
306,438
Estimated U.S. total for 1970. for all such
7-38
-------
7.2.5 Hydrogen Fluoride Production Plant LQcations
The locations and production capacity of manufacturers of hydrogen
. fluoride are listed in.Table 7-9.
7.2.6 Clay Products Plant Locations
Producers of clay products number about 1200 in the USA (Department
of Commerce 1967, Census of Manufacturers). Table 7-10 lists the quantities
of clay products manufactured by processes involving heating or firing at
temperatures above 1800°F. Because of the widespread availability of clay
and the diverse use of clay products, it is assumed that the ratio of high
temperature to low temperature clay products is constant for each state.
This allows calculation of the quantity of clay fired on a state by state
basis. The result of this calculation is shown in Table 7-11. The "clay
products II indus try covers the manufacture of pottery and stoneware;
refractories; heavy clay products; a"'chitectural terra cotta; lightweight
aggregates; and Portland and other hydraulic cements.
7.2.7 Manufacture of Glass Products
Glass container and fiber plant locations are listed in Table 7-12.
7.2.8 Manufacturers of Enamel Frits
Manufacturers of enamels frits are a rather small group; their
locations are listed in Table 7-13.
7.2.9
Nonferrous Metal Smelters
Tables 7-14,7-15 and 7-16 list plant locations,.c:ompany names,'.
and capacities for copper, lead and zinc smelters. It should be noted
that listed capacities are normally higher than actual production rates,
which are dependent upon market conditions.
7-:39
-------
Table T-9. Plant CapaCities for Hydrogen
Fluoride Production(4274)
Location
Annual Capacity
Tons
California
Bay Point
12,000
Del aware
North C1aymont
25,000
111 i noi s
Joliet
13,000
Kentucky
Calvert City
25,000
Louisiana
Baton Rouge
Geismar
Gramercy
1 5 , 000
40,000
30,000
New Jersey
Deepwater
Pau1sboro
90,000
11 ,000
Ohio.
Cleveland
12,000
Texas
Houston
La Porte
Point Comfort
18,000
75,000
45,000
West Virginia
Nitro
20,000
7-40
-------
Table 7-10. Clay Sold or Used by Producers in the United States in
1968, by Ki nd (4278) (th.ousands of short tons) "
Mi sce 11 aneous
Ball Fire Clay and Clay Including"
Uses Kao 1 in Clay Stoneware Clay Bentonite Slip Clay Total
Pottery and stoneware:
Whiteware, etc..................... 112 282 ------ 394
Stoneware, art pottery, flowerpots,
and glaze slip................... 59 60 120
Floor and wall tile................ 52 143 329 53 577
Refractories:
Firebrick and block................ 398 2772 ------ 3,227
Bauxite, high-alumina brick........ 18 ------ 18
'-I Fire-clay mortar................... 114 ------ 114
I Clay cruc i b 1 es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------ ------
~
....... Glass refractories................. ------
------
Foundries and steelworks........... 485 745 ------ 1 ,234
Zinc retorts....................... ------ ------
Saggers, pi ns, sti lts, and wads.... ------ ------
Other refractories................. 70 114 341 52 515
Heavy clay products:
Building bri ck, paving brick,
draintile, sewer pipe, kindred
prod ucts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3813 19,873 23,686
Architectural terra cotta........... ------ ------
Lightweight aggregates.............. 9,280 9,280
Portland and other hydraulic cements 63 11,222 11 ,284
-------
Table 7-11.
Fired Clays Sold or Used(4278)
(thousands of short tons)
State Kaolin Fire Clay Bentonite Miscellaneous Types Totals
Alabama 560.8 919.4 1480.2
Arizona 0.1 28.5 22.1 50.3
Arkansas 342.0 342.0
California 6.2 506.3 32.1 968.9 1513.5
Colorado 228.4 1.8 168.3 398.5
Connecticut 87.8 87.8
Delaware 5.4 5.4
Georgia 842.5 733.9 1581.4
Idaho 5.4 5.4
Illinois 234.3 936.0 1170.3
Indiana 167.5 616.1 783.6
Iowa 568.8 568.8
Kansas 144.9 348.3 493.2
Kentucky 186.3 460.4 646.7
Louisiana 388.5 388.5
Maine 18.9 18.9
Mary1 and 485.1 485.1
,
Massachusetts 115.6 115.6
Michigan 1169.3 1169.3
Minnesota 105.3 105.3
Mississippi 269.2 478.4 747.6
Missouri 1011.0 616.1 1627.1
Montana 13.5 13.5
Nebraska 66.6 66.6
New Hampshire 18.5 18.5
New Jersey 79.9 120.1 200.0
New Mexico 1.9 28.8 30.7
New York 753.8 753.8
North Carolina 10.6(1) 1489.5 1500.1
Ohio 1907.3 1231.6 3138.9
Oklahoma 0.4 326.7 327.1
Oregon 1.0 95.4 96.4
Pennsylvania 1352.8 724.5 2077 . 3
South Carolina 147.2 609.8 757.0
Tennessee 516.9 516.9
Texas 727.9 89.8 1290.2 2007.9
Utah 11.3 1.0 64.3 76.6
Virginia 657.9 657.9
Washington 63.0 63.0
West Virginia 87.3 87.3
Wisconsin 7.7 7.7
Wyoming 1724.6 1724.6
'. Others 101. 6 533.4 217.8 249.6 1102.4
(l)North Carolina and Florida uses combined
7-42
-------
Table 7-12.
Locations of Mqnufacturers of
Glass Productsl4277) .
Container Plants Fiber Plants
Alabama 1 California 3
California 15 Florida 1
Connecticut 1 Kentucky 1
Florida 3 Kansas 3
Georgia 2 New Jersey 4
Illinois 9 North Carolina 1
Indiana 10 Ohio 4
Louisiana 3 Rhode Island 1
Maryland 3 Pennsylvania 2
Michigan 1 South Carolina 1
Minnesota 1 Texas 3
Mississippi 4 Total Production
New Jersey 9 i n 1 967 305,000 tons
New York 5
North Carolina 2
Ohio 4
Oklahoma 6
Oregon 1
Pennsylvania 14
South Carolina 1
Texas 5
Washington 1
West Virginia 4
Wisconsin 1
Tota 1 Production
in 1967 8.865,900 tons
7-43
-------
Table 7-13. Locations of Manufacturers of
Enamel Frits(4280) .
Location
Number
California
Los Angeles
I 11 i no i s
Chicago
1
2
Indiana.
Frankfort
1
Kentucky
Louisville
1
Maryland
Baltimore
1
Michigan
Muskegon
New York
Buffalo
Rochester
1
1
1
Ohio
Cleveland
Marysville
Salem
1
1
1
Pennsylvania
Ford Ci ty
Pittsburgh
Scranton
1
1
1
Tennessee
Nashville
1
Wisconsin
Kohler
Milwaukee
1
1
7-44
-------
Tab 1 e 7-14.
Primary Copper Smelter Plant
Locations and Capacities
Charge Capacity
State and City Company 1000 tons/year (a)
Texas
E1 Paso Asarco (c) 420
Arizona
Hoyden Kennecott Copper Co. 420
Hoyden Asarco 420
Mi ami Inspiration Consolidated
Copper Co. 450
Superior Magma Copper Co. 150
San Manuel Magma Copper Co. 403
Doug 1 as Phelps Dodge Corp. 1250
Morenci Phelps Dodge Corp. 900
Ajo Phelps Dodge Corp. 300
Nevada
Mc Gill Kennecott Copper Co. 400
New Mexico
Hurley Kennecott Copper Co. 400
Utah
Garfield Kennecott Copper Co. 1000
Montana
Anaconda Anaconda Co. 1000
Washington
Tacoma Asarco \. 600
\
Tennessee
Copperhi11 Tennessee Corp. 90
Michigan
White Pine White Pine Copper Co. 90 (b)
Total capacity (exc1. White Pine Copper Co.) 8203
(a)Tonnage capacity for smelting materials that yield a product.
(b)Thousands of tons of copper.
(c)American Smelting and Refining Co.
1
7-45
-------
"
Table 7-15. Primary Zinc Smelter Plant
Locations and Capacities'
Zinc Capacity
State and City Company 1000 tons/year
Texas
Corpus Christi Asarco 108
Amarillo Asarco 54
Dumas American Zinc 57
Oklahoma
Blackwell Blackwell Zinc Co. 90
Henryetta Eagle-Picher Cd. 54
Bartlesville National Zinc Co. 65
Idaho
Kellogg Bunker-Hill Co. I 110
Montana
Great Falls Anaconda Co. 162
Anaconda Anaconda Co. 87
Illinois
Monsanto American Zinc Co. 84
Depue New Jersey Zinc Co. 57
West Virginia
Meadowbrook Matthiessin and Hegeler 50
Pennsylvania
Palmerton New Jersey Zinc Co. 110
Josephtown St. Joseph Lead Co. 175
-
Total Capaci ty 1263
7-46
-------
Table .7-l6. . Primary Lead Smelter Plant
Locati ons and Capacities '.
. .
. State ~nd' C'ity
Texas
El Paso
Utah
Tooele
Idaho
Bradley
Montana
East Helena
I
California
Selby
Missouri
Glover
Buick
Herculaneum
Tota 1 Capaci ty
.' :-
'I Company
. .
. ,
Asarco
.,
International Smelting and
Refining Co.
Bunker Hi 11 Co.
Asarco
Asarco
Asarco
Missouri Lead Co.
. St. Joseph Lead Co.
7-47
..
Capaci.ty
1000 Tons/Year
. ,
.360
300
390
360
192
180
300
600
-
2682
-------
7.3
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF EVOLVED FLOURIDES
The physical and chemical properties of the'fluQride compounds present
as both major and minor fluoride-containing components of process effluent
streams are prescribed in the following tables.
,I . ,"
This section contains its own separate bibliography, covering the
. .
references used as sources for the data presented.. .
7-48
-------
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES OF FLUORIDE COMPOUNDS
PRESENT IN PROCESS EFFLUENT STREAMS
Compound Page
A1F3 7-51
BF3 7-52
BaF2 7-53
BaSiF6 7-54
CaF2 .7-55
F2 7-56
FeF2 7-57
FeF3 7-57
HF 7-58
H2SiF6 7-65
KF 7-71
K2SiF6 7-76
MgF2 7-77
NH4HF2 7-78
{NH4)2SiF6 7-78
NH4F 7-79
Na3A1F6 7-80
NaF 7-81
Na2SiF6 7-83
SiF4 7-86
UFS 7-88
7-49
-------
. . .
. .
SUPPLEMENTARY SOLUBILITY DATA
Compound
Page
CaF2 7-90
H2SiF6 7-91
KF 7-92
K2SiFS 7-96
NH4F 7-97
Na3A1FS 7-99
NaF 7-100
. Na 2S i F 6 7-102
Bib1 iography
7-104
7-50
-------
Al F3
MW 83.97
MP Sublimes at 1291°C
Den~ity - 2.88 2 g/cm3
Vapor Pressure Data
Temperature
°e
Pressure
mm Hg
1098 16.4
1123 33.4
1181 1 30 . 7
1218 254.7 .
1275 553.9
1294 767
Solubility of A1F3 in H20 at 25°C - 0.56 g/100g H20
Solubility of A1F3 in Aqueous Solutions of HF at 25°e
Gms. per 100 Solid Gms. per 100 Solid
gms. sat. 501. Phase gms. sat. 501. Phase
--
HF A1F3 HF A1F3
0.0 0.55 A1F3.H20 27.64 19.68 1.3.6
0.77 0.39 II 28.90 14.84 II
2.00 1.56 II 30.66 12.52 II
4.96 2.74 II 31.07 13.42 II
10.44 5.37 II 31.90 13.21 II
17.77 9.58 II 34.07 13.63 II
21.08 16.63 II 36.13 13.44 II
22.94 19.00 II 37.08 14.18 II
26.30 19.68 'j .3.6 37.81 17.07 II
1.3.6 = A1F3.3HF.6H20; 1.3.3 = A1F3.3HF..3H20
Heat of formation at 25°e - -355.7 Kcal/g mole
Heat of Sublimation at 1291°e - 73.0 ~ .4 Kcal/g mole
Entropy at 298°K - 23 eu .
eriti cal Temperature .- 2424°e
.7-51
Gms Per 100
9ms. sat. sol.
HF A 1 F 3
39.01 16.08
41.00 14.03
42.45 12.96
46 . 88 1 0 . 43
51. 80 7 . 1 5
54.03 6.18
57.57 .5.04
60.83 4.00
62.73 3.53
Solid
Phase
1.3.3
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
-------
BF3
MW - 67 . 82
MP - -127.1 °C
BP - -100. 3°C
3
Sp.Vol. - 5.6 ft /lb. @ 70°F=1 atm
Density at B.P. - 1.6 g/cm3
Solubility in H20 at O°C and 762 mm Hg -322 g/100g H20
Vapor Pressure Data:
Temperature Pressure
°c
-127.3 69.8 mm. Hg Heat Capacity (gas):
-120.5 139.7 mm.Hg 1000K - 6.98 cal/g mole _oK
-112.4 291.4 mm.Hg 3000K -11.42 II
-110.0 355.7 mm.Hg 5000K -14.39 II
, '
-105.3 514.3 mm.Hg lOOQoK -17. 94 II'
-100.3 760 mm.Hg
-73.3 4.61 atm.
-63.3 7.50 atm.
-54.4 10.00 atm.
-49.25 13.8 atm.
-29.96 '27.9 atm.
-12.25 (C.T.) 49.0 atm.
Heat of Fusion @ -128°C - 101.Kcal/g mole
Heat of Vaporization - 4.06 Kcal/g mole
Heat of Fonnation at 298°K- -265.4 Kcal/g mole
Entropy at 298°K - 60.70 eu
Critical Temperature - -12.25.:!:. .03°C
Cri ti ca 1 Pressure - 49.2 + . 1 atm.
7-52
-------
BaF2
MW - 175.3
MP - 1327°C
BP - 1927°C
Density - 4.89 g/cm3
:Solubility ofB~F2 i~ water
1.59 g/liter of sat. solution at 10°C
1.61 g/liter of sat. solution at 20°C
1.62 g/liter of sat. solution at 30°C
Note - at a concentration of 1.21 9 BaF2/ liter of sat.
Solubility of BaF?
Norma 1 i ty of
.HCl at beginning
0.01
0.10
1.0
in Hydrochloric Acid
Gm. Moles BaF2
Dissolved per liter.
0.0123
0.0414
O. 11 40
Heat of Formation (Solid) at 298°K - -296.9 Kcal/g mole
Heat of Fusion - 3.0 Kcal/g mole
Heat of Vaporization - 83.0 Kcal/g mole
Entropy at 298°K - 23.0 eu.
7-53
solution pH = 4.4
pH of
Sat. sol.
-----.-..--...
3.0
1.6
0.11
-------
Ba SiF6
MW - 279 . 41
MP ~ Dissociation starts at 327°e
Density - 4.29 g/cm3
Solubility of BaSiF6 in Water
tOe
a
16
25
35
Gms. BaS iF 6
per 100cc. sat. sol.
0.015
0.019
0.025
0.028
pH ~4.4 at a concentration of 0.27 g~ams BaSiF6/100 m1
tOe
45 '
55
78
, Gms. BaSi F
,6
, '
p~r 100 gms. sat. sol.
0.031
0.035
0.044
Note -
, H20.
Dissociation Pressure Data:
Temperature Pressure
De mm Hg
416 29
443 63
476 247
481 303
487 360
498 537
For the reaction BaSiF6 (S)~BaF2(S) + SiF4(g)
Heat of Dissociation- -43 Kca1/g mole
Heat of Fonnation (solid) at 298°K- - 691.6 Kcal/ 9 mole
7-54
-------
L
I
. .'.
, "
.',
. ',f
:~. .
CaF2
i1'
i ,,~:
, ;'
t ',:,
MW - 78.08
MP .,. 1418°C
BP - 2513°C .
, 3 .
Density - 3.18 g/cm
. Sol ubil ity of CaF 2
, ,J,
':
"
, "
, "
, ..,
in Water
; ~:
Gms. C a ~2 pe r 1 i te r sat. sol.
tOe
! i
o 0.013 (flurospar)
15 0.015 (fluorspar)
18 0.016 ' "
"
18 0.018
. ~.'
18 0.015 (calcined) I';.
25 0.018
0.016 (fl uorspar) ,
25 '
25 0.040 (pH = 6.4)
40 0.017 (fluorspar) .,
So 1 ubi 1 i ty of CaF 2.in Aeeti c Aci d
Gms. CaF2 dissolved per 100 cc. in aqueous "
tOe 0.5 Normal CH3COOH. 1.0 Normal CH3COOH.
40................. 0.0153, 0~0175
60................. 0.0178 0.0203
. 80................. 0.0206 0.0237
100........~........ G.0229 0.0264
2.0 Normal CH3COOH.
0.0192
o . 0229
o .0267
0.0300
Solubility of CaF2
Normality
of aq. HCl
0.01
0.10
1.00
in Hydrochloric Acid at 25°e
Gm. moles CaF2
Dissolved per liter
0.00087
0.0053
0.0280
pH of
sat. sol.
2.02
1.05
0.04
Heat of Formation (Solid) at 298°K -, -290.3. Kcal/g mole
. .
Heat of Fusion - 7.10 Kcal/g mole
Heat of Vaporzation - 83.0 Kcal/g mol~
. .
Entropy at 298°K - 16.4 eu.
."
7-55
-------
F2
M~J - 38.00
MP --219.62°C
BP.--188.14°C
Spec. Vol~me @ 70°F, 1 atm. ~ 10.2 ft3/1b.
Density (liquid)@ BP.- 1.108 g/cm3
Dens i ty (gas) @ O°C, 1 atm:-- ,1.696 g/li ter
Viscosity (gas @ O°C, 1 atm) - 0.021'8 cpo
Vapor Pressure Data:
Temperature
°C
Pressure
m m Hg
1
10
40
100
400
760
. ,
-223
-214.1
-207.7
-202.7
-193.2
-187.9
Entropy at 298°K - 48.6 eu
Heat of Fusion.at M.P. - 372 Cal/g mole
Heat of Vaporization at B.P. - 1,564+3 cal/g mole
Heat Capacity Data (gas) .
;300oK - 7.45 Cal/g mole oK
5000K - 8.05 II
. 800,oK - 8.62 II
1 200 ° I<. - 8. 99 II
. .
7-56
Critical temperature - 144°K
Cirtical Pressure - 55 atm.
-------
MW - 93.84
MP ~ Sublimes at."", 1100°C
Dens ity - 4.09 g/ cm3
Heat of Format; on at 298°K-
. MW ~ 11 2. 84
MP - Sublimes at ~ 1000°C
Dens i ty -. 3.52 g/ cm3
FeF2
-154.2 Kcal/gmole
FeF3
7-57
-------
HF
MW - 20.01
MP - -83°C
BP - 19.5°C
Spec. Vol. @ 70°F, 1 atm. - 17 ft3/1b
Density of liquid @ O°C -.1.0015 g/cm3
Viscosity @ GOC ~ 0.25 cp
Infinite solubility in H20 and Alcohol
Viscosity of Liquid HF
93.4% HF
0.5% H20
Pure HF Commerical HF . f2!!s0H 6. 1
tin °C Centistokes centipoise
C cp C C
-68.75 0.780 0.914 0 . 893
~62.5 .668 ~772 .797 0.983
-56.25 .585 .666 .720 .878
-50.0 .507 .570 .645 .788
-43.75 .450 .498 .579 .720
-37.5 .397 .434 .525 .668
-31. 25 .360 .387 .472 .615
- 25.0 .330 .350 . .420 .575
-18.75 .306 .320 .377 .533
-12.5 .285 .296 .353 .499
- 6.25 .270 .274 .330 .470
0.0 .256 .256 .310 .447
+ 6.25 .243 .240
Boiling Point of HF-H20 Mixtures at 760 mm Hg
G. Mole H20 Mole % HF B.p. G. Mole H20 Mole % HF B.p.
per 1000 g. HF °C per 1000 g. HF °C
o 100.00 10.93 82.07 46.05
667 6.98 101.45 6.01 89.28 32. 12
384 11.52 102.83 5.64 89.87 28.3
204 19 . 70 106.02 4.72 91.38 29.5
164 23.32 107.55 4.54 91. 80 28.95
, 7-58.
-------
HF (Cont)
154 24.46 108.60 4.0 92.06 27.92
138 26.63 108.80 3.5 ' 93.04 26.89
113 30 .62 11 0.93 3.0 94.03 25.90
100 . 33.26 111. 35 2.5 95.02 24.89
73 40.48 111.10 2.0 96.01 23.88
66.1 43.08 109.90 1.5 97.00 22.87
53.8 48.19 106.00 1.0 98.00 21.86
45.0 52.66 100.6 0.75 98.50 21. 14
39.7 55.78 85.5 0.5 99.00 20.81
35.0 58.86 79.25 0.4 99.20 20.58
31. 3 61.51 86.55 0.3 99.40 20.35
25.7 66.09 74.65 0.2 99.64 20.10
24.7 66.99 68.55 o. 1 99.82 19.84
20.85 70.39 62.35 0.005 99.91 19.70
18.05 73.48 58.55 0 100 19.54
12.88 79.55 44.55
Composition Wt% HF
Liquid Vapor B.p. Li qui d Vapor B.p.
°C °C
5.47 0.87 101.6 42.2 50. 1 111.4
10. 1 2.03 102.8 47.0 65.7 108.7
20.6 7.06 106.8 49.2 106.8
24.7 11.6 108.4 52.9 82.6 101.7
30.1 19.4 110.3 54.8 87.4 98.9
36.2 32.8 111.7 58.6 92.9 90.9
36.8 34.4 112.0 60.7 97.3 86.6
37.6 36.4 112.1 64.1 98.0 79.0
38.22 38.15 112.3 66.2 98.7 74.6
38.27 38.26 112.4 72.0 98.8 61.6
39.2 41.1 112.1 81.4 99.3 45.1
89.0 99.5 33.5
7-59
-------
HF ( Cant)
Freezing Points of HF-H20 mixtures
~.
Gm. Moles HF per Solid Gm. Moles HF per Solid
tOC 100 gm. Moles HF+H20 Phase tOC 100 gm. Moles. HF+H20 Phase
-0.9 0.777 Ice -75.4 69.8 2HF.H20
-6.3 5.64 II -75.7 71.0 II
-9.8 8.09 II -81. 7 74.3 II
-23.0 15.65 II -91.1 76.2 II
-41.4 21.6 II -101. 3 77.6 II +4HF .H20
-60.0 26.5 II -100.7 78.6 4 HF. 1~20
- 70. 1 . 27.6 . II+HF. H20 -100.3 79.6 II
-62.7 30.7 HF. H20 -100.2 80.0 II
-59.4 32.1 II -100.6 81. 7 II
-48.9. 37.1 II -105.4 86.4 II
-43.5 40.3 II -110.8 88.3 II + HF
-36.1 47.8 II -106.9 89.4 HF
-35.3 50.0 II -99.7 91.3 II
-35.8 51. 5 II -93.6 93.9 II
-41.5 57.5 II -88.9 96.1 II
-51.0 62.7 II -86.9 97.4 II
-68.3 67.5 II -85.4 98.2 II
[
I -75. 1 68.5 11-+2 HF .H20 -82.9 100.00 II
I
Solubility of HF in Benzene
tOC of the Liquid HF from which
its vapor was conducted
-77
-18
o
b.pt.
Degree of Association - Gaseons HF
Temp. oK =
234
4.37
(HF)n;n =
252
4.08
3.715 3.38 3.465 3.215 3.475 2.385
263
Gm. Moles HF dissolved per 100 gm. Mole HF+C6H6
20° 30° 40° 50° 60°
2.48
3.85
4.32
6.73
2.03
3.15
3.55
5.48
1. 12
1. 73
1.96
2.98
0.71
1.02
1. 17
1.80
1.58
2.44
2.75
4.22
274
278
282
285
289
7-60
-------
HF (Cant)
Vapor Pressure of the HF-H20 System
(P in mm Hg)
. . - -,~--~,"--"--'-,
....- ..----.-..-.--
39.20. Temp, °C.
36.70
.wt % HF
mole % HF
5.00
4.52
10.00
9.09
12.85
11.65
19.00
17.42
27.60
25.56
---.. -. --~---'-"_.'--'
'--T"""--------_._._~-'------"'- -.-.
PHF
PH 0
2
P * ----
- 1___.__---..
PHF 0.11
PH 0 49.5
2
.PT. -. - -.----.-- ._--~~_~.~_1
.PHF 0.21
PH 0 83.0
2
PT
0.53
14.9
1.37
10.0
5.59
10. 1
25
25
1 5.43
1. 20
11.37
15.69
25
....---~--------
0.53
44.9
0.82
43.7
.40
40
39.1
45.93
0.86
44.52
1.57
40.30
.2.48
40
50
22. 14
34.0
6.50
41.0
76.9
p8.6
57.6
50
83.21
77 . 76
70. 17
60.08
47.50 .
56.14
50
0.49
131. 5
1.52
117.6
4.63
PHF
PH 0
2
.l_-~:~~~_.~ 19. 12
. PHF 1.97 3.78
PH 0 267.0 244.3
2
PT
10.61
72.7
60
60
104.0
108.63
.9.69
83.31
24.39
60
6.35
237.6
75
75
207.9
153.3
26 8 ~ 97
248.08
243.95
217.59
177 . 6~
75
*
PT = Total system pressure in mm Hg. .
7-61
-------
u
o
I
W
0::
=> .
I- 60
~
w
a..
~
w
I-
HF - H20 BOILING P01NT CURVE
120
2 .
100
80
40
1 = lIQUI D PHASE
2 = GAS PHASE
20
o
o
40 60
HF CONCENTRAnON - WT. %
20
80
100
. 7-62
-------
PHASE DIAG RAM SY STEM
HF - H20
2700
I
2500
~ 2300
Z
.
Q..
~ 21 00
LJJ
~
1900
1700
o
20 40' 60 80
HF-CONC. IN MOL-%
100
00
:"250
~ -500
Z
.
Q..
~ -750
I-
- 1 000
-1250
o
25
50
WT. - % HF
75
100
7-63
-------
HF'(.Cont}
SolUbility of HF in Octane
tOC of sat. sol. in Octane 25.1°'
Moles HF per 100 moles HF + C8H18 0.338
Heat of Formation of the ga~ -64.8 Kcal/g mole'
at 298°K '.
Heat of Vaporization @ SP. -97.5 cal/gram
Heat of Fusi on @ mp. - 54.7 cal/gram
Entropy at 298°K ~ 41 .63 eu.
Critical Temperature - 230.2°C
Heat Capacity of the gas:
1000K -.6.9Q cal/g mole _oK
3000K .. 6.93 II
500 ° K - 6.95 II
lOOooK - 7.19 II
1500° K .. 7.64 II
Heat capacity of the Liquid @ -3°C- 0.838 cal/gram _oK
Vapor Pressure Data: '
Data below O°C Data above 75°F
Temperature Pressure Temperature
°c mm Hg. of
10
40
100 '
400
36.0°
0.276
45.2°
0.235
51.0°
O. 194
66.3°
0.170
-66
-45
-28
-2.5
75
150
200
250
300
400
Pressure
psia.
17.0
50.0
88.2
146
230
432
7-64
-------
H2Si F 6
MW -, 1 44 . 07
Equil i bri urn in the H2Si F 6-H20 System at 720 mm Hg' Pressure
% H2SiF6 in Solution Distillate
Be,fore , After HF/SiF4 SiF4/Hl2
Di sti 11 ati,on Di sti 11 ati on Mean mole ratio mole ratio
10. 1 11. 1 10.6 5.65 0.354
11.1 11.7 11 .4 3.49 0.573
14.0 16.4 15.2 1.46 1 .370
'16.3 20.5 18.4 1.11 1 . 802
23.,6 27.9 25.8 0.56 3.571
'3Q.2 31.4 30.8 0.29 ' ' 6.897
, Heat of Formation at 298°K - -557.2 Kcal/g mole
/
7-65
-------
H2SiF6 (Cont)
Equil i bri urn in the H2Si F6-H20 System .,.
'"
x=H2SiF6.6H20, y=Si(HF2;3H20)4' z=~20
...
BP 0C' Weight percent of liquid phase Weight percent of gas phase
HF H 25 i F 6 x Y z HF .H 2S i F 6 x Y z
104.4 0.2 24.1 40.8 2.2 57.0 0.2 2.5 3.5 1.6 94.9
107.3 "' .8 29.7 47.2 7.6 45.2 .2 ' 5.3 8.3 1.'6 90.1
108.1 -4.4 26.0 17.8 44.0 38.2 3.3 1.4 2 3.8 87.9
(8.3)
108.8 .9 33.2 52.7 8.5 38.8 .2 9.7 16.0 1.7 82.3
111.4 1.9 36.2 51.5 18.9 29.6 .2 18.0 30.3 1.9 67.8
112.7 2.7 38.3 50.5 26.9 23.0 .3 25.9 43.7 2.7 53.6
113.1 . 5.6 33.7 23.7 56.0 20.3 5.2 12.3 A(5.0) 34.2 60.8
114.3 4.6 38.0 37.5 46.0 16.5 . 1 30.7 53.4 .6 46.0
115.2 6.3 37.9 26.5 63.3 10.2 1.0 39.1 62.3 9.8 27.9
115.3 7.6 37.3 17.6 75.6 6.8 3.6 39.3 46.0 36.1 17.9
115.3 7.9 37.2 15.6 78.6 5.8 5.4 36.4 29.3 54.5 16.2
115.5 6.5 38.5 26.4 65.1 8.5 .2 46.3 79.6 2.4 18.0
115.5 8.9 37.9 10.4 88.8 .8 3.5 50.2 67.3 32.6 . 1
115.7 7.9 37.0 15.0 79.0 6.0 5.4 55.1 29.7 54.3 16.0
115.7 9. 1 36.7 6.7 91.3 2.0 7.8 36.1 14.3 77.6 8.1
7-66
-------
, H25iF6 (Cant)
x=5i(HF2.3H20)4' y=Hl2.4H20, z=H20
Weight percent of liquid phase Weight percent of gas phase
BP °C
HF H 25 i F 6 x Y z HF' H 25 i F 6 x Y z
11 5'.9 10.8 34.2 ' 95.0 3.6 1.4' 12.8 27.4 76.1 14.5 9.4
113.5 ' 9.8 '25.8 71. 7 7.5 20.8 8.6 .4 1.1 23.6 75.3
113.3 18.6 16.4 45.6' '39.3 15. 1 14.3 .F. 1.6 39.6 58.8
110.'3 30.1 0 0 84.3 15.7 19.4 0 0 54.3 45.7
110.0 25.3 5.2 14.6 66.8 18.6 17.3 . 1 .3 48.4 51.3
108.4 8.3 22.7 63.1. 5.6 31.3, ,6.0 .5 1.3 16.4 82.3
108.4 24.7 0 0 , 69.1 30.9 11.6 0.0 0 32.5 67.5
106. 8 20,.6 0 0 57.7 42.3 7. 1 0 0 19.8 80.2
102.8 10. 1 0 0 '28.3 71. 7 2.0, ° 0 5.7 94.3
101.6 5.5 0 0 15.3 '84.7 .9 0 0 2.4 97.6
x=Si(HF2.3H20)4' y=H2F2.4H20, z=H4F4.7H20
113.2 26.7 14.9 41.4 6.2 52.4 36.4 1.2 3.4 46.6 50.0
112.5 28.3 11.6 32.4 39.6 28.2 35.0 . 1 .3 97.9 B(1.8)
112.4 38.3 0 0 17.6 82.4 ,38.3 0 0 17.9 82.1
112.3 38.2 0 0 19.2 80.8 38.1 0 0 21. 5 78.5
112.1 37.6 0 0 39.1, 60.9 36.4 0 0 77.6 22.4
112.0 36.8 0 0 64.7 35.3 34.4 0 0 9f). 4 8(3.6)
111.7 36.2 0 0 84.0 ,16.0 32.8 0 ' 0 91.9 B(8.1)
7-67
-------
H2SiF6 (Cont)
x=Si (HF 2. 3H'20) 4' y=Hl2~2H20 ,z=H4F 4. 7H20
Weight percent of liquid phase
Weight percent of gas phase
'BP °C HF H2Si F 6 'x, y .z HF H2Si ~6, 'x y z
, , f .' .
-' --,
115.3 12.5 33.0 91.7 0.7 7.6 18.3 23.3 , 64.7 A(33.1) B(2.1)
114.9 15.6 29.8 82.8 4.6 12.6, 26.9 - 14'. 1, 39.2 A(20.4) 40.5
114.9 19~6 27.2 75.6 18.5 5.9 35.4 11.8 -32.8' 43.7-" 23.5
113.2 27.6 15.3 42.5 '7.5 50.0 40.4, 1.6 ,4.6 2L2 ,74.2
112.1 39.2, 0 0 97.2 2.8 41.1 ,. O' 0 83.5 16.5
111.9 29.8 16. 1 44.7 28.0 27.2 -.49.9, 2.4 6.6 93~2 C( .2)
111.4 42.2 0 0 75.5 24.5 50. 1 0 0 18.3' 81. 7
111.2 .39. 1 5.0 14.0 31.3 54.7 54.1 .4 1.1 94.7 C(4.1),
,108.7 47.0 0 0 40.7 59.3 65.7 0 0 7204 C(27.6)
x=Si(HF2.3H20)4r y=H2F2~2H20, z=H2F2
101.7 52.9 0.0 0.0 99.4 0.6 82.6 0.0 0.0 36.7 63.3
98.9 54.8 0 0 95.4 4.6 87.4 0 0 26.6 73.4
90.9 58.6 0 0 87.4 12.6 92.9 0 0 15.0 85.0
86.6 60.7 0 0 82.9 17. 1 97.3 0 0 5.7 94.3
79.0 64. 1 0 0 75.8 24.2 99.0 0 0 2. 1 97.9
74.6' 66.2 0 0 71.3 28.7 98.7 0 0 2.7 97.3
61.6 72.0 0 0 59. 1 40.9 98.8 0 0 2.5 97.5
45.1 81.4 0 0 39.3 60.7 99.3 0 0 ' 1. 5 98.5
33.5 89.0 0 0 23.2 76.8 99.5 0 0 1.0 99.0
7-68
-------
. H2SiF6 (Cant)
x=Si(HF2.3H20)4t y=H2F2.2H20t z=H2SiF6.6H20
Weight percent of liquid phase Weiaht percent of qasphase
BP °C
HF H2SiF6 x Y z HF H 2S i F 6 x Y z
116. 1 10.1 36.0 98.9 0.4 0.7 9.8 36.0 98.4 D(0.6) 1.0
115.6 12.9 34.4 84.9 8.4 6.7 16.8 35.4 35.1 25.1 39.8
115.4 15.4 31.6 85.7 13.0 1.3 .25.6 23.4 57.8 37.6 4.6
115.2 9.3 38.1 87.1 1.1 11.8 3.6 51.8 13.4 4.4 82.2
114.8 18.6 29.0 77.2 20.7 2. 1 33.7 19.9 6.2 62.9 30.9
114.2 17.3 32.9 53.0 22.8 24.2 26.7 36 . 8 D ( 16 . 8) 18.8 64.4
113.4 23.9 24.5 65.0 33.1 1.9 44.8 12.0 D(6.8) 72.2 21.0
104.4 37.2 16.7 .4 70.6 29.0 71.6. 8.8 D(57.3) 27.2 15.5
x=H2F2' y=H2F2.2H20t z=H2SiF6.6H20
100.9 26.1 32.4 7.0 36.3 56.7 37.3 58.2 51.8 0(37.7) 10.5
100.1 36.3 20.7 5.8 58.0 36.2 74.6 13.9 73.6 . 2. 1 24.3
95.9 33.6 26.0 10.4 44.1 45.5 57.6 36.7 65.7 D(21.0) 13.3
94.0 45.7 12.0 8.7 70.3 21.0 87.7 4.0 81.8 11.2 7.0
89.5 22.9 38.7 12.5 19.7 67.7 5.2 93.2 30.5 D( 65.7) 3.8
76.2 49.2 18.6 28.9 38.5 32.6 66.6 32.2 75. 1 D ( 22 . 1) 2.8
70.1 40.5 27.5 27.9 24.0 48.1 26.5 72.6 46.4 D(51.6) 2.0
67. 1 60.7 9.0 34.5 49.8 15.7 92.2 2. 1 87.6 8.7 3.7
63.8 54.1 16.5 35.2 35.9 28.9 63.0 35.8 72.5 D(24.7) 2.8
62.5 33.0 36.0 28.6 8.4 63.0 .6 98.4 27.6 D(70. 1) 2.3
46.9 60.0 17. 1 48.8 21.2 29.9 26.3 73.0 46.3 0 ( 52. 1) 1.6
7-69
-------
HiSi F 6 (Cant)
x=H2F2' y=SiF4' z=H2SiF6.6H20
Weight percent of liquid phase Weight percent of gas phase
BP °C HF H2S:i'F6 x y z HF . H2SiF6 .x y. z
46.6 69.6 9.3 53.9 29.8 16.3 43.3 56.2 58.7 40.1 1.2
33.7 53.1 25.3 .50.2 5.5 44.3 .9 96.0 26.5 66.4 7.1
". 20.$
32.7 70.6 11.9 61.1 18.1 6.0 93.6 31.8 67.2 1.0
25.5 92.0 .7 84.5 14.3 1.2 77.4 . 21.8. 83.1 15.0 1.9
.. A = Hl2.4H20"
"B = H20
C = H F
2 2
D = Si F 4
7-70
-------
MW-58.10
MP ... 846°C
BP ... 1505°e . .
Density = 2.85 g/cm3
Vapor Pressure Data:
Temp~rature
0e .
795
982'
1050
. 1137
1297
1383
$0 1 ubil i ty ofKF in H2~
tOe Gms. KF .
Per 100 gms.
. sat. sol.
-3.2 5.0
-6.5 10.0
-12.2 15.0
-19.5 20.0
-21.8 (Eutec.)21.5
-20.0 22.7
o 30.90
10 34.87
15 38.13
17.5 41.52
17.7 47.7
KF
Pressure
mm Hg
1
10 .
40
100
400
. 760
Solid
Phase
Ice
II
II
II
11+ KF.4H20
KF.4H20
II
11
11
11
11+ KF. 2H20
7-71
tOe
o
17.5
18
20
25
30
35
40.2
45
60
80
Gms. KF Solid
Per 100 gms. Phase
. sat. sol.
44.30 KF.2H20 '
47.52 11
48.02 11
48.70 11
50.41 11
51.95 II
54.65 11
58.08 11
58.62 KF
58.72 11
60.01 11
-------
KF (Cant)
Equilibrium in the KF-HF-H20 System
At 00C At 200C At 40°C
Gms. per 100 Gms. per 100 Gms. pe r 100 Solid
gms. sat. sol. gms. sat. sol. gms. sat. sol. Phase
KF HF KF HF KF HF
42.77 0.0 47.75 0.0 56 . 36 0:0 .' KF.2H20
47.80 0~27 58.50 0.30 II
44.15 0.36 47.90 0.72 59.20 1.37 KF.2H20+KF.HF
41.00 0.38 38.30 0.82 39.70 1.50 KF.HF
39.66 0.43 35.47 1. 12 37.28 1.89 II
29.75 0.71 31.00 1.46 32.28 2.95 II
27.33 0.95 21. 53 5.05 29.72 4.23 KF .HF
24.08 1. 25 20.50 6.88 27.60 7.24 II
22.86 1. 41 21. 47 10.04 27. 10 9.26 II
20.12 1.89 26.70 17.97 29.. 12 14.22 II
17.85 2.40 27.70 18.34 30.75 17.55 II
14.72 4.15 38.00 28.38 38.40 23.80 II
14.08 5.23 40.67 29.84 46.07 . 30.00 II
14.63 6.43 41.57 30.55 47.80 31. 95 II
16.30 10.43 42.94 31.36 48.83 32.72 II
21.50 17.71 43.41 31. 68 50.71 34.41 II
25.23 21.27 52.60 35.22 II
27.89 24.07 II
31.60 26.87 II
52.80 35.68 KF. HF+KF. 2HF
30. 72 27.54 41.70 33.05 50.74 . 36.57 KF.2HF
29.86 29.20 42.80 32.25 48.87 38.60 II
29.81 32.33 41.68 33.14 49.15 39.40 II
29.40 34.83 40.55 34.00 48.92 40.53 II
27.95 37.14 39.77 36.54 II
40.37 38.82 II
27.29 38.52 37.62 40.18 II
7-72
-------
KF (Cont)
Equilibrium in the KF-HF-H20 System
At 00C At 200C At 40°C
Gms. per 100 Gms. per 100 Gms. per 100 Solid
gms. sat. sol. gms. sat. soL gms . sat . sol. Phase
KF HF KF HF KF HF
26.77 40.35 35.37 41.90 46.24 42.98 2KF.5HF
26.66 42.10 34.42 44.20 44.70 44.46 II
26.42 44.30 43.40 46.21 II
26.82 45.83 42.75 48.03 II
25.59 45.09 34.00 45.27 II
24.02 45.42 31.00 47.55 38.17 50.54 KF.3HF
22.85 46.75 30.56 47.77 37.41 51. 38 II
22.38 47.50 29.64 48.68 37.05 52.04 II
22.30 48.16 28.86 49.50 36.98 52.50 II
20.98 50.74 28.75 50.01 II
20. 56 . 50.82 28.64 50.26 II
19 . 46 51.30 26.04 51. 81 34.21 54.20 KF.4HF
18.00 52.08 21.36 55.30 31.46 55.76 II
15.87 54.01 18.67 58.58 29.68 56.74 II
12.50 57.60 17.64 62.23 27.74 58.07 II
10.68 60.57 17.45 64.12 26.25 60.54 II
9.86 64.13 18.36 66.60 II
10.30 68.10 19.20 67.15 II
12.01 69.80 II
14.17 71.57 II
15.85 72.42 II
19.84 73.27 II
23 . 62 74.60 II
7-73 .
-------
KF (Cont)
Equilibrium in the KF-HF System
Mol Mol
Fraction Fraction
HF in HF in
tOC Solution Solid Phase tOC Solution Solid Phase
-83.7 1.000 HF 64'.0 0.7173 KF. 5HF
-85.2 0.9875 II. (64.3) (0.714) II
-86.9 0.9732 II 64.3 0.7115 II
-89.5 0.9580 II 63.4 0.7040 II
-92.8 0.9466 II 61.8 0.6969 II + KF. 2H F
-97.0 0.9311 II + KF. 4H F 62.4 0.6932 KF. 2H F
-45.0 . O. 91 43 KF.4HF 70.0 0.6777 II
8.0 0.8884 II 71.7 0.6670 II
48.0 0 . 8572 II 71. 1 0.6606 II
63.2 0.8355 II 68.3 (0.649) "+ a KF . HF
67.7 0.8241 II 84. 0.6435 a KF. HF
.71.8 0.8086 II 128 0.6197 II
(72.0) (6.8000) II .148 0.6014 II
72.0 0.7993 II 175 0.5695 II
71.0 0.7901 II 189 0.5488 II .
67.8 0.7783 II 195 0.5382 II +PKF.HF
(63.6) (0.771) II + KF.3HF 217 0.5218 PKF. HF
64.4 0.7676 KF. 3HF 231 0.5103 II
65.4 0.7583 II 234 0.5075 II
(65.8) (0.7500) II 236.8 0.5032 II
65.8 0.7490 II (239.0) (0.5000) II
65.5 0.7438 II 238.8 0.4996 II
64.5 0.7342 II 236 0.4847 II
62.6 0.7278 II 229.5 0.4860 II + KF
62.4 (0.727) II +2KF.5HF 292 0.4775 KF
62.7 0.725 KF.5HF 346 0.4646 II
7-74
-------
KF (Cont)
Heat of Formation
Heat of'Formation
Heat of Formation
(Solid)' - -135.6 Kca1lg mole
(l i qu id) - - 130.9 II
(gaseous)R -205.4 II
Entropy at 29goK (solid) ~
Enfropy at 298°K (1; qui d ..
,Entropy at 298°K (gaseous)-
Heat Capacity Data:
, Cp (solid -3000K - 11.48 ca,l/g mole-oK
8000K- 13.71
12000K-14.76
Cp (Liquid) - 3000K to 20000K - 16.00 cal/g mole-oK'
Cp (gaseou$) - 3000K - 17.30cal/g moleoK
, .
, 8000K - 19.97
12000K - 19.73
1800° K -' 19,.78
15.98 eu.
18.20 eu.
77.40 eu.
II
II
II
7-75
-------
MW - 220.27
MP - Decompositi on starts at 4270e .
Density - 2.665 g/cm3 .
Dissociation Pressure Data
Solubility of K2SiF6
gms. K2S i F 6
per 100 cc.
sat. sol.
0.077
0.09
0.132
O. 1147
0.113
tOe
o
14
16
17
20
Temperature
°e
Pressure
mm Hg
34.5
116.8
275.8
485.4 .
636.8
810.7
.811.8
K2Si F6
gms. K2SiF6 gms. K2S iF 6
per 100 cc. per 100 cc.
sat. soL tOe sat. soL
0.177 60 0.377
0.246 70 0.420
0.220 78 0.462
0.268 88 0.500
0.322 100 0.82
Heat of Formation (Solid) at 298°K - -52.8 Kcal/g mole
Heat of Dissociation at 7000e - 21.2 Kca1/g mole
698
760
800
833
857
878
879
in H20
tOe
. 25
35
40
. 45
55
7-76
-------
.-
I
I
I
!
[
MgF2
. MW - 62.31
MP - 1266 °C
BP -.2239 °C
So 1 ub il ity Data:
@ l8°C, .0076 g/lOO 9 H20
(insoluble in hot water)
Heat of Formation (Solid) at 298°K - -268.7 Kcal/gmole
Heat of Fonnation (liquid) at 298°K - -259~6Kcal/g mole
Heat of Fonnation (gas) at 298°K - -173.2 Kcallg mole
Eritropy (solid) at 298°K - 13.8 eu
Entropy (liquid) at 298°K ~ 15.4 eu
Entropy (gas) at 298°K - 61.9 eu
Heat Capacity Data:
Cp (solid) - lOooK - 0.27 cal/g mole-oK
3000K - 14.06 II
5000K - 16.81 II
8000K - 18.41 . II
l5000K - 20.42 II
. .
Cp ( liquid) ~300oK to 40000K - 22.57 cal/g mole _oK
Cp (gas) - 1000K - 8.24 cal/g mole _OK
3000K - 11.06 II
5000K - 12.53
8000K - 13.41
. 1 5000 K - 1 3 . 72
II
II
II
7-77
-------
NH4HF2
MW 57.0
MP 124°C.
Density. 1.503 g/cm3
(NH4)2SiF6
MW 178.14
Density 2.011 (oct.)
2.152 (hex.)
Solubility in H20 18.6 9/100 cm3H20 @ 17°C
55.5 g/100 cm3H20 @ 100°C
Heat of Fonnation at .298°K -36.6 Kca1/g mole
7-78
-------
NH4F
MW 37.04
MP Sublimes
Density 1.315 g/cm3
NH4F solubility in H20 @ O°C 100 gms/100 ml H20
Soluble in alcohol
insoluble in NH3
Heat of Formation -111.6 Kcal/g.mo1e
at 298°K
Heat Capacity Data
Temperature
°C
-69.9
-45.8
-35.4
-30.7
-25.0
1.4
10.7
Sp Heat
cal/g mole oK
12.62
14.12
15.34
19.44
14.26
16.18
15.06
7-79
-------
Na3A1F6
MW 209.94
MP lOOO°C
3
Density 2.90 g/cm
Heat of Formation at 298°K -789.90 Kcal/g mole
Entropy at 298°K 57.42 eu.
Heat Capacity Data (Solid)
lOooK 9.52 Cal/g mole oK
3000K 46.92 II
5000K 58.87 II
8000K 72.74 II
lOOOoK 75.87 II
7-80
-------
MW 41.99
MP 988°e
BP 1695°e
Density 2.558 g/cm3
Vapor Pressure Data
Temperature
e
1077
1240
1363
1455
1617
1704
Solubility of NaF in H22-
tOe d*..of
sat: sol.
.0
20
25
30
35
1. 0384
1.0354
Solubility of NaF in aqueous
NaF
Pressure
om Hq.
1
10
40
100
400
760
Gms. NaF per
100 gms. sat. sol.
3.53
3.90
3.98
4.05
4.13
HF at 200e
tOe
Gms. NaF per
100 gms. sat. sol.
40
50
60
80
100
4.21
4.35
4.47
4.66
.4.83
Gms. per 100 gms. H22- Gms. per 100 gms. H2~
NaF. HF. Solid Phase. NaF HF. Solid Phase.
-
3.96 0.0 NaF 2.46 1. 16 NaF. HF
4.14 0.081 II 2.49 1. 20 II
4.19 0.104 II 2.20 1.55 II
4.23 . O. 135 II 2.04 2.22 II
4.51 0.420 II 2.01 2.70 II
4.56 0.484 II +NaF.HF 1.88 4.17 II
3.45 0.660 NaF. HF 1.83 8.68 II
2.99 0.831 II 1. 79 10.28 II
* d = density
7-81
-------
NaF (Cont.)
Entropy at 298°K (solid) 12.31 eu
Entropy at 298°K (liquid) 17.83 eu
Entropy at 298°K (gas) 52.12 eu
Heat Capacity Data:
Cp (solid)
lOo.OK
3o.o.oK
5o.o.oK
8o.o.oK
150.0. oK
2.0.3 ca1/g mole oK
10..54 II.
12.25 II
13.57 II
16.64 II
Cp (liquid) 4o.o.oK 12.22 II
7o.o.oK 13.32 II
1100.° K 16.68 II
Cp (Gas) 3o.o.oK 7.95 II
lOo.o.oK 9.0.0. II
27o.o.oK 9.34 II
Critical Temperature 3o.75°C
Critical Pressure 1330. atms
Heat of Formation (Solid) at 298°K -137.11 Kca1/g mole
Heat of Formation (liquid) at 298°K -129.90. II
Heat of FormationC gas) at 2900K -70..0.9 II
7-82
-------
Na2Si F 6
MW 188.04
MP decomposition starts at 327°e
Density 2.679 g/cm3
Vapor Pressure Data:
Temperature Pressure
°e mm Hg
516 19
572 63
629 163
682 387
709 620
Heat of Formation at 298°K-677 Kca1/g mole
Heat of decompositon for the reaction
Na2SiF6(s)~2NaF (s) + SiF4(g) is -28 Kca1/g mole
:01ubi1ity of Na2SiF6 in H20
Gms. Na2SiF6
per 100 gms. sat. sol.
Average
. 0.41
.53
.60
.61
.63
.67
.75
.84
.94
tOe
o
10
15
16
17.5
20
25
30
35
tOe
40
45
50
55
60
70
7-8
80
90
100
7-83
Gms. Na2SiF6
per 100 gms. sat. sol.
Average
1.02
1. 12
1. 22
1.33
1.44
1.68
. 1.92
2.17
2.42
-------
Mt~ 104.09
MP -90.2°C
BP -65°C
Sp. Vol. .3.7 ft3/1b @ 70°F; ~ atm.
Density of gas 4.67 g/liter @ O°C, 1 atm.
Density of liquid 1.66 g/cm3 @ -95°C, 1
Vapor Pressure Data;
Below 1 atm.
Pressure
mm. Hg
-Ii.
Temperature
°C
SiF4
-144 1
-134.8 5
-130.4 10
-125.9 20
-120.8 40
-117.5 60
-113.3 100
-110.2 200
-100.7 400
-94.8 760 "
Solubility of SiF4 in Organic Solvents
Solvent
Methyl Alcohol (abs.)
Ethyl II (96.1 Wt.%)
II II (abs.)
II II (96.1 Wt.%)
II " (94.3 Wt.%)
II " (92.6 Wt.%)
" " (91. 0 Wt. %)
Iso propyl alcohol
(98%)
Above 1 atm.
Temperature
°C
Pressure
atms.
-84.4
-67.9
-52.6
-33.3
2
5
10
20
at 30°C and 1 atm Total Pressure
"ct.so1vent"
gms. sat. sol ~
32.8
39.0
36.4
37.8
38.1
38.8
39.0
57.2
60.8
61.5
63.4
63.9
39.4
28.2
7-86
-------
2iF 4 (Cont)
Amyl Alcohol
Glyco 1
Di ethylene glycol
Glycerol
Acetone (annydrous)
Acetic Acid (glacial)
Pyruvic Acid (38-45%)
20.9
17.3
.26.2
26.2
5.7
3.2
1.1
1.1
4.4
Critical Temperature 14.1oC
Critical Pressure 36.7 atm.
Heat of Formation @ 298°K -385.9 Kcal/ g mole
Heat of Sublimation @ -94.8°C 58.9 cal/gram
Entropy at 298°K 68 eu.
Heat Capacity Data (gas):
100 OK 8.24 cal/g mole _oK
300 ° K 16. 13 II
500 ° K 20.53 II
800 oK 23.56 II
1200 oK 24.79 II
7-87
-------
MW - 352.02
MP - 69.2 °e @ 2 atm.
BP - Sublimes @ 56°e @ 1 atm.
Density @ 210e - 4.68 g/cm3
Vapor Pressure Data:
Temperature
°e
-38.8
-13.8
4.4
18.2
42.7
55.7
Soluble in eel 4
Decomposes in H20, ether, alcohol
Heat of Formation (gas) at 298°K
Entropy (gas) at 298°K 90.76 eu.
UF6
Pressure
mm Hg.
l'
10
40
100
400
760
-505 Kcal/g mole'
7-88
-------
Supplementary Solubility Data
7-89
-------
CaF2
Solubility of CaF2 in Various Aqueous Solutions at 18°C
Aq. solution of: Normal i ty Gms. CaF2
of aq. sol vent dissolved per 1 iter
Acetic acid O. 083n *CH 3COOH 0.0308
'.
II II O. 166n II 0.0383
II II 0.333n II 0.0407
II II 0.833n II 0.0498
Ammonia LOn NH40H 0.0176
II 1.66n II 0.0175
Ammonium Chloride 0.25n NH4CL 0.0208
II II 0.50n II 0.0258
II II LOn II 0.0278
II II 1.66n II 0.0278
II Acetate 0.33n CH3COONH40 0 . 0 2() 3
. II II 0.71n II 0.0219
II II 1.42n II 0.0245
II II 1.66n II 0.0255
* n = normality
7-90
-------
MW 144.07
. ~q~.librium in the MgO -. P205-=-.t12SiF6-H20 System at 25°C
Solubility of MgSiF6 in H3P04 solutions: Solid Phase MgSiF6.6H20 throughout.
Gms per 100 Gms per 100
gms. sat. sol. gms. sat. sol.
F P205 MgO F
16.5 0.0 1.5 2.8
12.5 7.7 1.5 3.0
10.3 13.0 0.7 1.7
7.0 21.8 0.6 0.8
4.8 27.9 0.5 0.7
Composition of Invariant Solutions:
Gms. per 100
gms. sat. sol. .
MgO F P20S Solid Phase
8.7 2.3 32.9 MgSiF6.6H20 + MgHP04 + Mg(H2P04)2.2H20
4.0 0.3 54.9 II + Mg(H2P04)2 + Mg(H2P04)2.2H20
8.3 0.0 33.1 MgHP04.3H20 + Mg(H2P04)2.4H20
4.6 0.0 53.3 Mg(H2P04)2.2H20 + Mg(H2P04)2.4H20
3.2 0.0 59.6 II + Mg(Hl04)2
Equilibrium in the PbSiF6 - H2SiF6 - H20 System at 20°C
Gms. per 100 Gms. per 100
gms. sat. sol. gms. sal. sol.
H2SiF6 PbSiF6 Solid PhaseH2SiF6 PbSiF6
0.0 68.97 PbSiF6.4H20 13.93 43.10
0.98 67.96 II 25.82 23.95
7.34 56.50 II 39.65 10.38
MgO
5.7
4.6
4.3
2.9
2.2
H 2S i F 6
7-91
P205
33.5
35.3
45.1
55.5
57.7
Solid Phase
PbSiF6.4H20
II
II
-------
KF
-
Solubility of KF in Anhydrous Organic Solvents
Solvent
tOC Solubility
18 10.0 gms. per 100 gms. CH30H (d.= 0.864)
25 10.2 " (d.= 0.865)
20 0.192 gms. per 1 00 gms..sat. sol.
30 0.168 "
40 0.150 "
50 0.125 "
20 0.106 "
30 0.096 "
40 0.068 "
50 0.023 "
.55 0.016 "
23 0.34 gm. per 100 gms. sat. sol.
18 0.00022 gms. per 1000 gms. actone
37 0.00025 "
Methano 1
Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol (99.6%)
Acetone
Acetonitrile
18 0.0036 gms.
25 0.0024
Equilibrium in the KF-NH4F-H20 System At 25°C
Gms. per 100
gms. sat. sol.
!!.H4~ KF
a 48.96
1. 70 48.76
3.49 38.63
per 100 gms. acetonitrile
"
"
Gms. per 100
gms.sat. sol.
J:!.H4~
13.77
16.88
20.37
Solid
KF Phase
41.26 NHl
35.43 "
29.92 II
Solid
Phase
KF.2H20
II
7-92
-------
KF (cont)
6.53 48.15 II 26.44 23.70 II
8.04 48.42 II 31.59 16.85 II
10.08 47.88 II 36.03 10.69 II
10.77 47.93 NHl 41. 27 4.57 II
11. 09 47.39 II 42.92 1.48 II
12.14 45.09 II 44.85 n.no II
Equilibrium in the K~-NiF2~20 System
Gms. per 100 Gms. per 100
gms. sat. sol. Solid gms. sat. sol. Solid
....._. _._-_._-~. -------_.~
Ni F2 KF Phase NiF2 KF Phase
1. 98 1. 21 MC* 2.01 1. 1 8 MC
1. 20 3.52 II 1.12 4.30. II
0.80 6.32 II 0.26 9.25 II
0.52 9.64 II 0.03 15.4 II
0.40 12.9 II 0.01 19.2 II
0.01 16.8 II 22.1 II
20.2 II 25.0 II
25.5 II 27.7 II
28.1 II 31.3 II
33.0 II 36.8 II
37.5 II 41.3 II
Equilibrium in the KF-C2H50H~H20 System at 25°C
Gms. per 100
Gms. Upper Layer
C2H50H
92.67
Gms. per 100
'Gms. Lower Layer
KF C2H50H H20
45.33 0.67 54.00
37.82 1. 70 60.49
28.68 4.7 66.85
KF
1. 23
H20
.6.07
1. 16
83.30
15.54
* MC = Mixed Crystals
7-93
-------
Kf (Cont)
2.86 65.81 .31.33
4.47 57.4 38.13 20.90 11.9 67.2
5.47 53.04 41.49
18.55 15.6 65.85
6.93 47.52 45.55
8.84 41.28 49.88 15.7 21.8 62.5
9.55 38.66 51.79
13.57 27.27 59.15
10.52 35.91 53.57
11.43 33.23 54.34
11 30 .59 11 30 59
Equilibrium in the KF-C3~70H - H20 System at 25° C
Gms. per 100 Gms.per 100
Gms. Homogeneous Liquid Gms. Homoqeneous Liquid
KF C3H70H H20 KF C3H70H H20
O. 17 96.78 3.05 8.15 7.49 --
84.36
-. 0:31 78.91 21. 19 10.00 5.97 84.03
0-
0 0.62 66.29 33.09 12.21 4.39 83.41
..t::
0
u 0.81 59.97 39.22 14.18 3.45 82.37
0-
c::(
0- 1.29 47.46 51.21 18.75 1.89 79.35
>,
c.. 1.77 35.40 62.83 25.83 0.74 73.43
o
~
Q.. 2.50 19.05 78.45 35.38 0.23 64.38
. .
5.32 10.64 84.04 47.02 0.039 52.34 .
Equllibrium in the KF-C3H50H- H20 System at 20°C
Results in terms of gms. per 100 gms. of solvent, alcohol + water
qms. per 100 qms. Solvent Gms. per 100 qms. Solvent
0- KF CH3CHOHCH3 . H20 KF CH3CHOHCH3 H20
o
..t::
u 51 .826 1 .555 98.445 12.385 21.438 78.562
0-
ro
o- 38.748 2.965 97.035 5.071 59.339 40.661
>,
0..
0
~
0..
0
VI
. 7-94
-'
-------
KF(Cont)
26.039 6.525 93.475 3.973 65.455 34.545
17.812 . 12.215 87.785 1.705 82.750 17.250
~qui1ibrium in the KF - Acetone - H20 System at 20°C
Gms. per 100 gms. Gms. per 100 gms.
Homogeneous Mixture Homogeneous Mixture
KF (CH3) 2CO H20 KF (CH3) 2CO H20
46.3 trace 53.7 9.17 23.53 67.30
44.24 0.24 55.52 5.00 38.72 56.28
33.34 1.00 65.66 3.06 47.89 46.84
29.86 1.60 68.54 1.38 58.06 40.55
25.74 3.02 71.24 0.979 62.60 36.42
20.28 5.90 73.80 0.75 65.41 33.84
16.31 9.72 73.97 0.50 69.58 29.92
12.40 15.59 72.01 0 98 2*
Equilibrium in the KF-KI-H2<2-
Sat. Sol. Mole % Sat. sol. mole % Sat. sol. mole %
KI KF KI KF KI KF
13.92 0.0 9.42 4.74 3.78 12.25
12.58 1.34 7.49 7.10 2.22 15.30
10.08 4.34 6.22 8.81 1. 21 18.97
9.44 4.69 5.19 10.53 0.0 23.92
7-95
-------
K2S i F 6
._Eq~~librium in the K2~iF6 - KB~-H20 System at 25~£_-
Sat. SoL Wt. % Sat. Sol. Wt. %
.!2Si F 6- KBr Solid Phase -!2SiF6- KBr Solid Phase
0.15 0.0 K2S i F 6 0.19 26.30 K2Si F 6 ;
.02 6.58 II .09 28.61 II
.02 7.92 II .05 33.26 II
.01 11. 05 II .07 36.42 II
.09 17.14 II .09 40.05 II
.07 22.56 II .14 40.47 KZSiF6 + KBr
0.0 40 . 51 KBr
Solubility of K2SiF6
Solvent
in Saturated KN03 and KC1 at 17°C
Gms. K2Si F 6 per
100 cc. sat. sol.
O. 1147
0.0048
0.0048
Solutions at 14°C
Water
Aq. Sat. KN03 Solution
Aq. Sat. KC1 Solution
Solubility of K2SiF6 in Aqueous Ethanol
Wt. Percent Gms. K2SiF6
C2H50H per liter
in Solvent sat. sol.
Wt. Percent
C2H50H
in solvent
0.0
8.7
15.9
0.9
0.46
0.21
27.3 .
42.4
50
93.7
Gms. K2S i F 6
per 1; ter .
sat. sol.
0.09
0.05
0.039
0.0096
7-96
-------
NHl
Equilibrium in the CoF2-=-~~4F-~20 System
at 20°C
Gms. per 100 gms..=_~at'_.E.~
CoF2 NH4F
-Cr.-j4- - . --~g-
0.21 9.7
0.08 12.4
0.02 18.4
o . 0 1 5 20 . 8
0.010 24.1
0.009 34.3
Solid
Phase
CoF2.4H20
II
COF2.2NHl.2H20
II
II
II
II
At 50°C
Gms. pe r 100 gms. -~.~.!.:~.
CoF2 _~HL
0.40 3.6
0.08 14.5
0.06 17.3
0.03 22.6
0.015 24.8
0.014 27.6
o .013 29 . 5
Solid
Phase
-- -
CoF2'4H20
CoF2.2NHl.2H20
II
II
II
II
II
~qui1ibrium in the CuF2 - NH4F - H20 System at 20°C
Gms. per 100 gms. sat. sol. Solid Gms. per 100 gms. sat. sol.
CuF 2 NHl Phase CuF 2 NHl
'2:15" 2.2 CUF2.2H200~ -35.5-
0.44 19.2 II 0.53 41.9
0.36 22.1 CuF2.2NHl.2H20 0.52 44.1
0.55 27.8
~quilibrium in the NiF2 - NH4F - H20 System
at 20°C
Gms. per 100 gms. sat. sol.
Ni F2 NHl
1.07 3.4
0.91 6.4
0.72 9.4
0.51 10.4
0.17 17.1
0.07 23.0
0.02 28.5
0.01 37.4
0.00 41.2
Solid
Phase
NiF2.4H20
II
II
NiF2.2NH4F.2H20
II
II
II
II
II
7-97
at 50°C
~~s per 100 gms sat. sol.
NiF2 ..N~L-
1.60 5.0
1.04 8.1
o . 36 13. 1
0.15 17.7
0.10 20.5
0.04 26.2
0.02 32.4
0.01 37.3
0.0 41.5
Solid
Phase
CuF2.2NH4F.2H20
II + NHl
NHl
Solid
Phase
NiF2.4H20-
II
~~i F 2' 2rjH4 F .2H20
".
II
II
II
II
II
-------
. ,Equilibrium in the BeF2 - NH4F - H?O System at QOC
.Gms. per 100 gms. sat. sol. Solid Gms. per 100 gms.sat. s01.
NH4F BeF2 Phase NH4F BeF2
15.45 33.70 BeF2.NH4F 18.97 17.75
15.60 30.40 II 17.50 18.21
16.50 28.50 II 16.20 10..60
18.76 26.90 II 17.40 8.76
19.90 25. 10 II 19.08 7.00
21. 80 24. 70 II 20.60 6 . 30
21.74 25.00 II 25.85 5.06
21.80 25.10 II + S5 37.304..14
21.5722.48 S5 43.40 2.49
20.37 22.05 II 43.20 0.50
20.15 20.16 II 43.40 0.0
SS ~ Solid Solution
Equilibrium in the CdF2 - NH4F- H20 System at 20°C.
Gms. per 100 gms. sat. sol.
CdF2 NH4F
4.0 1.6
NH4F (Cont)
Solid
Phase
CdF2
2.4
1.8
. 0.4
0.87
0.57
5.4
12.3 .
20.8
28.9
40.9
II
II
CdF2.2NH4F.2H20
II
II
7-98
Solid
Phase
S5
II
II + BeF2.2NH4F
BeF2.2NH4F
II
II
II
II
II
NH4F
II
-------
-------->
Na3A1F6
Solubility of N~A1Fn in Various Aqueous Salt Solutions at 25°C
Aluminum Nitrate
Moles per 1000 moles H20
2 [Al (N03) 3] A1Nal6
o . 0 0 . 34
0.49 0.65
0.96 loll
3.05 2.91
5.09 4.37
10.03 7.72
12.12 9.01
14.37 10.62
19.76 14.36
Ferric Nitrate
Moles per 1000 moles H20
2[Fe(N03)3]
0.99
3.09
4.90
6.98
.9.80
14.90
19.82
24.88
A1Nal6
0.81
1. 87
2.50
3.17
3.93
5.03
6.02
6.86
Aluminum Chloride
Moles per 1000 moles H20
A12C18 A1Na3F6
0.50 0.66
1.02 1.14
3.23 2.94
5.12 4.12
7.22 5.39
9.25 6.57
12.03 7.92
15.27 9.53
20.28 11.41
Ferric Chloride
Moles per 1000 moles H20
2(FeC13)
1.00
2.94
4.90
7.44
10.19
14.94
19.70
25.28
A1Nal6
0.73
1. 55
1. 99
2.20
2.27
2.23
2.05
1.88
The solid phase in each case was unchanged cryolite.
7-99
Aluminum Sulfate
Moles per 1000 moles H20
A12(S04)3 A1Na3F6
o . 40 0 . 56
0.74 0.87
1. 56 1. 59
3.33 2.84
5.08 4.02
7.59 5.54
10.50 7.13
13.72 8.63
17.04 10.06
Ferric Sulfate
Moles per 1000 moles H20
Fe2(S04)3 A1Na3F6
1.02 0.58
3.04 1 . 13
5.13 1.57
7.04 1.81
9.95 2.23
14 . 82 2 . 88
19.16 3.22
24.55 . 3.70
-------
NaF
Solubility of NaF in Aqueous 'Solution
~ercent H202 in Solvent
0.0
15.72
31. 43
of H202 at 25°e
Gms Moles
NaF per 1000 qms.
0.9989
1 .216
1.457
solvent
Equilibrium in the NaF - BeF 4=-H20 System
Gms. per 100 gms. sat. sol. Solid Gms per 100 qms. sat. soL Solid
tOe NaF Na2BeF 4 Phase tOe NaF Na2ReF 4 Phase
0- 3:8T 0.22 NaF +. Na2BeF 6() 3.85 0.47 NaF + Na2BeF 4
20 3.84 0.26 II II 80 3.85 0.57 II II
40 3.76 0.45 II II 94 3.85 0.80 II II
Solubility of NaF in NaOH Solutions
~It. Percent Gms. NaF per 100 gms. sat. solution at: 0e
NaOH in Solvent 0° 20° 40° 80° 94°
O.tX ';'H20) 3.99 4.10 4.47 4.48 4.73
0.81 3.49 3.40 3.51 3.56 3.47
1.67 2.89
2.30 2.65 2.70 2.81 2.82 3.03
2.70 2.37 2.45 2.70 2.84 2.73
5.66 1.68
7~90 1. 25
18.40 0.38
Equilibrium in the NaF - Na2i04~H20 System
Gms. per 100 gms sat. soL Solid Gms. per 100 gms. sat. soL Solid
~a2~04- NaF Phase tOe ~i04-- ~ Phase
0.0 3.92 Ice + NaF 25 8.67 2.35 NaF + l.r
4.07 0.0 11 + Na.10 II 11.48 1. 74 1.1
1.68 3.42 II + II +NaF II 21.34 0.37 II + Na.10
0.0 3.92 NaF II 31.71 0.0 Na.10
3.95 3.20 II 33.26 33.10 trace II + Na.10+Na
6.39 2.98 II +Na.10 35 0.0 4.03 NaF
8.34 0.0 . Na.10 II 4.34 3.18 II
o . 0 3 . 93 N a F II 8 . 62 2 . 50 II + 1. 1
9.50 2.50 II + Na.10 II 9.58 2.09 1.1
7-100
tOe
-3.0
-1.12
-3.06
10.
II
II
II
15
II
-------
NaF (Con~.)
II 11.70 0.0 Na.10 II 11-. 60 1. 57 II
17.47 12.58 1. 91 1.l+Na.10+NaFIi 18.11 0.62 II
25 0.0 3.98 NaF II 32.80 trace II +Na
II 4.48 3.13 II II 32.96 0.0 Na
Na.10=Na2S04.10H20; Na = Na2S04; 1.1 = NaF.Na2S04'
Solubility of NaF in Various Alcohols
Gms. NaF per 100 Qms. sat. solution in:
Methyl Alcohol
Ch30H
0.413
0.440
0.458
0.476
0.484
tOC
Ethyl Alcohol
C2H50H
0.095
0.108
0.119
0.158
O. 1 79
n Butyl Alcohol
CH3(CH2)2Ch20H
0.0030
0.0041
0.0043
0.0049
0.0054
20
30
40
50
55
Solubility of NaF in Acetone
tOC d. of sat. sol.
18 0.792
37 0.770
Gms. NaF per 1000 per Acetone
0.000024
0.000027
Equilibrium in the NaF - NaCl-H20 System
tOC Gms. per 100 qms. sat. sol. Solid tOG Gms per 100 qms sal sol Solid
NaCl NaF Phase NaCl NaF Phase
25 26.40 0.0 NaGl 35 26.18 0.34 NaCl+NaF
II 26.12 0.31 . II +NaF II 26. 13 0.29 II
II 26.24 0.12 II II II 18.43 0.54 NaF
II 0.0 3.98 NaF II 5.41 2.38 II
35 26.62 0.0 NaGl II 0.0 4.00 II
7-101
-------
Na2Si F6
~quil~brium in the Na2SiF6 - H3P04 - NaCl System
P205 Results are expressed as gms. Na2SiF6 per 100 gms. sat. sol.
I~t% vJt% NaCl at 40°C . Wt. % NaCl at 80°C
----
o 2 4 f) 2 4
1.10 2.07
1.15 2.01
1.09 0.196 0.105 1.9 0.73
0.95 .181 .100 1.75 .59
.78 .127 .067 1.45 .47
.61 .066 .043 1.25 .38
With 0.6% A1203 added, the Solubility is increased:
0.33
.25
.19
1
5
10
15
20
25
10
20
25
E q-~2~~~~~~~__~_h_~.._~~g~_i!_6. -=---~~:_~__=__~2~_~~~_~~-~-~-~_.~~.~-
Sat. Sol. Wt.% Sat.
NaCl NazSiF6 Density NaCl
0.0 0.65 11.69
0.41 0.206 1.0047 15.00
1.18 0.079 1.0083 18.09
2.48 0.041 1.0171 26.29
4.12 0.028 1.0291 26.36
7.87 0.017 1.0562
Sol.14L%....
~2SiF6-
0.012
n.oog
0.007
0.006
0.0
Solubility of Na2SiF6 in aqueous
Results at l7°C
Gm. Moles Na2S04 Gm. Moles Na2SiF6
per 1000 gms. per 1000 gms.
solvent sat. sol.
solution of Na2S04
Results at 20°C
Gm. Moles Na2S04
per 1000 gms.
solvent
0.000
0.050
0.125
0.250
0.375
0.500
---_..--~...._..u_--'----'-'. - _0.0
0.0329
0.0143
0.0068
0.0042
0.0034
0.0029
0.000
0.0050
0.0100
0.0150
0.0250
0.0500
7-102
0.38
.34
.24
.18
0.90
.62
.48
Densi ty
, .0835 .
1 .1080
1 . 1337
1 .2021
1.2023
GTI. Moles Na2SiF6
per 1000 gms.
saLso] .
-----'..'-"--'--"--
01.0363
0.0336
0.0309
0.0284
0.0201
0.0168
-------
Na2SiF6 (Cont)
~quilibrium in the Na2S~F6 - HCl - NaCl System
Gms. per 100 gms. Sat. Sol.
HCl NaCl _Na2~iF6- Density Solid Phase
0.0 2.06 0.07 . 1.0150 Na2Si F 6
2.03 1. 97 .19 1.0240 II
4.07 1.91 .21 1 .0356 II
5.92 1.99 .20 1.0456 If
11.82 1.97 . 12 1.0734 II
15.15 1.98 . 11 1.0905 II
18.94 2.06 ~07 1. 1095 II
0.0 26.35 .013 1.2037 Na2si F 6 + NaCl
1.61 23.45 .034 1. 1913 NaCl
3.20 21.09 .046 1. 1794 II
4.80 18.80 .043 1. 1685 II
7.66 14.67 .043 1.1522 II
12.01 9.35 .040 1. 1312 II
13.46 7.85 . .040 1. 1265 II
17.67 4.03 .041 1.1194 II
7 - 1 03 .
-------
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Gmelin~ Handbook of In6rQanicChemistry, 8th. ed., 1959,
Verlag Chemie, Weinheim/Bergstrasse, Germany.
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 45th. ed., 1964-1965,
Chemical Rubber Co..
Linke, W. F., Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal
Organic Compounds, 4th. ed., Vol. 2, 1965, American Chemical
Society, Washington, D. C.
Matheson Gas Data Book, 4th ed., 1966, Matheson of Canada
Ltd~, Ontario.
Perry, R. H. Chilton, C. H., Kirpatrick, S. D., Chemical
Engineers Handbook, 4th. ed., 1963, McGraw Hill Co..
Seidell, A., Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal Organic
Compounds, 3rd. ed., Vol. 1,1940, U. S. National Institute
of Health, D. Van Nostroand Co. Inc., New York.
Simons, J. H., Fluorine Chemistry, Vol. 1,1950, Academic
Press Inc., New York.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tennessee Valley Authority,
Superphosphate: Its History, Chemistry, and Manufacture,
U.S. Government Printing Office, December 1964.
7-104
-------
>-.
~
Q.
~
m
.2
..a
co
.
co
-------
8,
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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05R? Ln[Jr:;F. .IAMFS p.
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AI\It'd.. r.HFM.. ]QA]. 33. 1R-DR
0<)Q1 STRAI\I(;F. .IOHI\I P.
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,I. hiR pn'-'./lTTmi r.nI\ITDn,. Assnr:.. 1QA(). In. 4?'>,-A
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"nF.TFRMTt\lATTnN OF f.ASF:ntIS ANn ,PARTIr.III.LlTF Tf\lnpr.I\f\ITr: FI,/lnPTl1J:<;
TN THF tlTMnSPHFRF"
AM. S nr.. T F S T T f\1r:; MAT F. R TilL S. S P F: r.. T F. r. H. PII P. '. .' 1 R 1 .
7.1-44
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snl.IIRTI.TTY r1F PHIlSPHf1RIIS. "
.1. /lr:.P. Fnnn r.HFM.. 1Qf,(). A. '/-7
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T. F nOM S /I i\1n
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r:.F~. 1.0Rq.55":\. /'/ SFPT lq60
OAl'i
I\KTIFRnLAr:.ET SVFNSKA FI.AKTFARRIKEN
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IINITS "
r:.FR. 1.0Q6.04l.?Q nFC lQAO
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1'.S. 2.qq?.Q14. lR .!lI'-Y lQ61
OA?3
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"APPL ICATION nF 1\ r:.AS F.JFr.TOR
r.nN\lFYOR TIlt\IMF'- ,,'
S. AFRIr.AN MECH. FNr:.R.. 1QnO.
FOR FIIMF Mtn nliST cnNTROI. It\1 A
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'F.ROM WFT-PROr.FSS PHOSPHORIr. Ar.Tn. "
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On25
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"AN ATMOSPHERIr. FLIIORJf)F RF.r.ORnFR"
AM. SOC. TESTINr:. MATERIA'-S. SPFC. TFCH.
4Q - 5 7
PHR'-.. lQ5Q, Nn./5n.
0627 pnTASSF FT FNr:.RAIS r.HIMIOIIES
"PHOSPHATE FF.RTIUZFQS "
FR. 1. 1 4Q . Q 1 q. '2, .1 A t\1 1 Q 5 R
o A '/ R M n t\1 T F C A TI III T SO c: T F TAr:. F. N F R A'- F P F R I. IT t\1 nil S T PIA M T N F R A R I A F r. H T M I
"C:flNTTMllnl/S SIIPFRPHOSPHATF PROCFSS "
r:.FR. 1,014.17.Q. ?,? l\1Ir:. lQ57
06?Q SEYMOIIR, .!I\MES E.
"ENRTr.HFn SIIPFRPHnSPHATF "
11.5. 2.QOR,56l. 13 nr.T lQ5Q
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" I\! [:1.' 11"lnFRSTM1nJ"'r..s FRnM r.IIRRFI\IT ATMnSPHFRTr, pnl.I.IITTn'" RFSF,..DU'"
M". ,I. PIIR'.JC HF"'.TH. 1Q')Q. 4Q. 1AA4-9
11(,'),/, 1\1. TMfI~l. R()RFRT '..
"THFRMnnVI\IAMJr. FII"Ir.TTn"IS nF snMF
III.IIMTf\IIIM RnRn"l "f\ID UTHTIIM"
,I. C H F /'-1. PH V S .. 19') q. 3 1. 1 03') -R
r..ASFnIIS DT ATnMTC HAL TDFS nF
(lA4;>
HflMMTf\Ir..~ Wt".LTFR .1.
"r.mITflMTI\IAI\IT rJlf\ICFNTRATTnNS T'" THF flTMnSPHFRF nF Lns M1r..FI.Fc,
C nll"ITV"
.1. !lTR pnL'.iJTlnN r.n"'TRn'. ASSnr... 19AO. 10. 7-IA
OA/,(,
S C H V TlI.. F RAN 7
"nFFLllnRJNATF.D PHnSPHATF snLIIRI.F T'" r.TTRJr. r.r.TD"
1'.<;. ?9IA.37? R DFf. lQC;q
(\ (",4 7 H r. I I P J '" . '.1 A R R EN F.
"MFTAL MISTS AND ALlIMT"IIIM LnSSFS TN THE HIILL PRnr.FSS "
,I. FLFr:TRnr.HEM. snr... ,19AO. 107. ;>?6-'31
() A t, R
SKAf\IA\lT. M.D.
"nFTFRMJ"I,ATTON OF SMALL AMntlNTS nF HVDRnr..F"1 FLllnRTDF lAiJTH TI-IF
TJTllf\ITIIM-r.HRnMOTROPTr. Af.TD RFAr..FNT ".
7!1\1nnSKAVA lAR. lqSR. ;>4. AR3
nA4q SJL\lFRMt".N. LFSlTF
"HnT r..I\S STREAMS. ITT."
J"'D. WASTFS. 1q,9, 4. 104-A
nASI PRI"'G. ROAERT T.
"RFMnVAL OF HALTDF.S FROM r,ASF.S "
II.S. ?919.174. ?9 nFr. 1959
nAS3 KI\MTENSKI. R.
"SENSITIVE DEvrr.E FOR INnICATINr.. cnl\lTAMTNATTON OF THF AIR"
1:1. F. C TR Or: HIM. A r. T A. } 9 C; 9, 1. ?7 R -A? .
nA')g ARl\lnLn. FRANCIS A.
"THF. PRF.SENT STATIIS nF RFSEAR(.H TN THF STIIDV nF FLllnRTDF.S"
A.M.A. ARCH. ,If\In. HFA'.TH. 19AO. ?1. 30R-}1
nAAR .InCHMA"''''. F. '
"nLD AND "IEW IN THE OPACIFlr.ATlnN OF r..LASS RV FLllnRTnFS"
r..LAS-FMlIIt-KERAMO-TFCHNIK. 19AO. 11. lr;?-R
OA7? TIIFTS. RARRARA .I.
~'I\ METHnn FOR IDF.NTIFVT"'r.. PARTTr:IILATF FLllnRJnE r:nMPnllf\IDS"
1\ N A L. r: H r M. ACT A . 1 Q A 0 . ? 3. ? og -} 4 (I N F: f\1 r.. I.T S H )
0(-,77
SEM. MATHIAS n.
"r:nlLEr.TlnI\l OF Al\lnDF GASES
PROnIJr:TTON nF AI.IJMTNIIM "
I'.S. ?,947.A73, ? Allr.. 19AO
FRnM FIIRN!lr.F.S FnR FLFr.TRnLVTTC
8-14
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OAR 1 Sill. L T II A 1\1. .1.1..
"PRflRI.FMS AI\II1 r.ONTRnI. nF
CLIIY Tl\lnllSTRIFS II
.J . I 1\1 ST. F II E I.. 1 q 6 0 . 3 3 .
AIR PflLUITInl\1 11\1 THF IIIISTRAI. 1111\1 HFIWY
43A-4?
nARH MnSFR. FRWII\I
"FI.llnRII\IF RFr.nVFRY FRf1M WASTF r,hSFS"
II. S. ? q {. ~ . q ] 4. 'i .1111. Y 1 q A 0
OARq FI.FKTRI"lKFMISK filS
"CLFAI\II"Ir; nF r,IISFS FRnM FLECTROLYTIC
RFcnllFRY nF FLllflRll\IF THERFFRnM"
RRTT. A'3R,703,?? JIII\IF ]qAO
/lUIMINIlM FIIRt-IAr.FS 1I,I\In
()Aq 1 AnAtvlS. nnt-IALn F.
"AIITOMATIC IIP1nSPHERIr. F'-'JnRlnF pnLLIITIINT MIAI.Y7FR "
AI\IAL. r.HEM.. 1qC;q. 31. ]?4q-'i4
OA94
AnAMS, nONIlLn F.
"At-I AIITOMATIC ATMOSPHERIC: FLllnRInF flI\JIII.YZFR WITH
A P P LI CAT I 01\1 T n nT H F R PO U-' ) TAN T S "
J. AIR POtl.tJTION CONTROl. ASSOr... 19'i9, q. ]AO-R
pnTFl\lTI AI.
OAQ7 CHnLAK. .JAr.nR
"FUIORlnFS: CRITIr.AL
AIR' Fonn ANn WflTfR "
J. OCCIIPATIONAL MFn..
RFVIEW. I. THE Or.r.IIRRFNr.F OF FLIIOR InF 11\1
19'iQ, 1.1')01-]1
0700 THnMAS. MOVFR n.
"AIR-pnLLlJTTnl\i RF.I/TI=W ]QC;4-]9C:;C:;"
11\1 n. F t-I(;. r. HF M ., 1950. 4 R, 1 I') 77-7
-
070A vnNNEr,IIT, RFRNIIRn
"HALOr,FI\1 VAPOR nETEr.TOR"
11.5. ?'.774,fJ5?', lR nH 195fJ
071?
ROr;F.RS. LFWIS H.
"SMoe; FFFECTS ANn CHEMICAL ANALYSIS nF THF. '.OS A!\1e;ELF.S
A TMOSPHER E"
J. AIR POU-'JTION CONTROL ASSOC. 195A. n. TA'i-70
0714 HEATHFRTON~ RICHARn C.
'''DISPOSAL l1F FLlJORlnF WASTES"
II.S. ATnMI[ E!\IERr,y r.nMM. TIn-7517. 19'iA. ?7'i-A'i
0715 MAVROniNEANlJ, R.
" A P PAR A T II SAN 0 PRO C F n IJ R F. S FOR SAM P LT N r, ill\l n /I N A I. Y Z I N r, A J R FOR
FUJORII1FS "
CONTRIRS. ROYCE THOMPSON INST.. ]9'i5. lA. ]7~-RO
07??
r,nLnMill\l. ARTHIIR
"THF. Ol1nR PHASE OF IIIR POLLIlTInN "
PROC. AIR POLLIITIOl\t cmlTROL A~SOr...
PP.
]Q'i'i, 4P. PilPFR Nn.3(-" Q
()7'3'i
HFSS. RAYMnl\l11 W.
"MANIIFACTlJRINr; r.HFMISTS AssnCIATION FI.FVFI\ITH AIR ANn WhTF.R
P n I. Ll JT InN (r. 0 N F F R E N r. F) "
Il\In. WASTES, 1Q57, 7. 7]-~
8-15
-------
; ).., '?,q
I III,'; FR. 1/ I r. T nR 1<.
"FI_nr.r.IIL/\TInt\1 SIIRSTnFI\Ir.F M--in FI'.TRIlTInl\1 nF PHnSP~ATF SI.TI~F<;.
11/. FI.flr.r.IIUITTnl\1 RY r..IIMS 1\I\1n pnl.YFI.Fr.TPnI.YTFS JlI\1n THFIR
I '\1 F I. II F 1\1 r. F n 1\1 F 11. T R II T I fl 1\1 R II T F. "
.1. r. fl UJ1T 11 <; r. I .. 14<; 7. 1;:>. ;:> ~ ()-4
1)( I, 1 (; \,/ I P T S r.i, fIr,j. ,I n S F PH
" IJ F T F R rv, 11\1 II TIn ~I n F F ,_" n R I n F S T 1\,
IIPPI\PI\TII,<;/HIJ) PRnr.FnIJRFS. II
til\'fll.. CHFM.. 14<;7. ;:>9. AA7-9;:>
P '. 111\.1 T T I <; <; II FliT R fI 1\111 I.} A T FR.
() 7 I, i{
R rlr; F R <; . L F "'IT S H .
"HTr..H-SFNSTTIVITY r.nI\.lTIl\.lllntlS TNSTRIIMFNTATInl\' FnR IITMOSPHFP IC
fI,t\II\I. v SF SII
r.H~M. FN~. PRn~R.. 19<;7. <;3. 3AJ-4
() 7l,Q
HIIj)RISS. FRM.lr.TS \I.
"SMnr, FXPFRIMFNTS I 1\' './lRf,F r:HI\MAFR.<;1I
T"In. FN(;. r:HFM.. 19<;7.44. J?44-<;()
()7'i{) \/f'PFII\II(;TF MF.TAI.Ll.JFRKF RAIISHnFFI\'-RFRNnnRF III () c:; '. () 0 <;. I' 'i A II r.. 1 9 <; 9
n7<;4 RflFR. nnNIlLn R.
"FUlnRn AI_COHOLS II
INn. F.I\'C;. CHEM.. ]4<;9. 51. A;:>9-30
07hn KIILI-CHFMIF AKT.-c;FS.
1I1I1_KYU1UIM I NIJM F'_"OR HIF S "
c:.F.R. J .009 .A30. h .JII~F 1957
07AA SNnWRIILL. ARTH/JR F.
"r.nl\ITROL nF AIR pn ,-,_" T Tnl\1 AT r.nMTI\I(:n npt=RIITInl\ISII
.1. AlP. pnLl_11T In", r.ONTROL ASSOr... 14<;9. 4. 'i4-R
07h7 RnKFRTS. I.OllIS R.
"FVIILIIIITION OF flRsnRPTInl\' SIIMPI.TI\I(; nF.VTCFS II
.1. AIR pnLUITlnl\, cnNTROL Assnr... 19<;9. 9. 5]-1
07hR FIITTH. W.I_.
IIAIR pnLl/JTION ARATFMr=NT-S/JR\lFY OF r:IIRRr=I\'T PRAr:TTr:FS Min r:n<;T<; "
(HFM. Fl\ir.. PROc;p.. 19,9. 1)1). t\1n.~. 3R-43
0771 RFSSON.' ALRFRT
"PROCFnIIRF FOR RFCOVFRY
r.HFMIr.AL ANALYSTS"
R' ILL. 1\ CAn. N A TI-. M F n . .
OF ATMOSPHFRTr. SMOKF PIIRTICLFS FOR
195A. 140. ?]9-?0 (PI\RTS)
0771'.
HApc;RA\lF. J.H.n.
"RECOVFRY OF FIIME ANn nllST FROM MFTALLIIR(;Ir.",. (;ASFS AT TRtdl,.
RR I TT SH cm.IIMR I A"
r.AN. MIt\IJNc; MFT. RIIU.<;;:>. 3<;9-hl)
0773
HFl\inRTr.KSON. F.R. '
IIIIIR pntLlJTIOI\I SIIMPUNr. AI\1n AI\IALYSIS
SIILFATF Pl/tPINr. nPFRATIONS"
TIIPPI. 1459. 42.NO.I). 173A-17hll
WTTH.SPECIAL REFFRFN(F Tn
8-16
-------
07R4 HnLLM'm. .rOSHIIlI 7.
II()IIALTTATIVF ANn ()1IM\ITTTlITIVF FAr.TORS IN ATMOSPHFRIr. POU.IITInN
SAM P L I "I (; II
Pf,RTJr.IILATF EMISSIn"l. PROr.. SYMPnSIllM AIR POLLIITION
PHILAnFLPHIA. 1957. '1-36
07RR HITr.Hr.Or.K. LAIIRF.N R.
"/lIR POI.Ll1TI0"1 ARATFMF.NT A MANA(;FMF.NT PRORI.F.MII
r.HFfvI. FNr.. PRO(;R.. 1459. '55,NO.4, 4q-5~
07R9 STRATMANN. H.
"MF.ASIIRFMENT /INn DISTRIRIITION OF f,flSFOIIS tdR. r.O"ITAMI"llITTON 1"1
THF. II TMOSPHERF. "
7.. AF.ROSnt.-FORSr.H. II-THF.RAP., J9'5R, 7."ln.l. 'Q-?5
079' r.nF.TZ. ALEXANDF.R
"RACTF.RIOL(1(;Ir.AL TFST FOR AJR-ROR"'F IRRTT""ITS"
IND. FNf" r.HEM,. 1959, 51, 77'-4
0799 DAMON, W,A~
"nFlIL INf, WITH NOXInliS r.ASF.S"
CHFM, f'. PRnr.ESS ENf", 1959. 40, J 1-1'
ORO~ HnWARD, n.H.
"A pnRTARlF cnNTTNllnllS ANALY7.FR
I"tnIlSTRJAL ENVIRONMFNTS"
A.M.A. ARCH, TND, HF.ALTH. 195Q,
FnR r,ASFOIiS FI.IIOR TDF S T"I
19. 3'5"i-A4
nROA WFST. PHILIP W.
"DETFRMJNATTON OF TOTAL f,ASF.OIIS POLLIITlINTS TN ATMOSPHF.RF II
ANAL. CHFM., 1959.31,399-401
ORn7
nEL EANII, M.
" n I S TR I R IJT ION
DF.TERMINEO RY
If,IENA. 1957.
OF AIR-POLUJTlON7.0NES IN A STEFI.-WORKT!IIr, r.F.NTFR
MFANS OF AIR-IONTZATION TN\lFSTIf,ATTO"'S"
foJ. 41-51 rRI/r.HlIRESTI
()R09 YOClIM. .rOHN E.
"THF nF.TERIORATInN. OF MATERIALS TN pnLLIITFn ATMOSPHF.RFS"
,I. AIR POUJJTTON CONTROl. ASSOr... 19'5R. R, ,n3-R
ORl? SIEMENS & HALSKT lIKT.-hFS.
"PIiRIFlr.ATInN OF SIUr.ON TETRAr.HJ.ORTnFII
r,ER. 95<;.41<;. ~ .rAN 1957
OR13 \,IOLFF. r,IIFNTFR A.
"PIJRTFYT"Ir, STLTr.ON TFTRllr.HLnRTnF II
II.S. ?R57,'it9. .71 nr.T I9<;A
OR15
ELLTS. R.W.
"AN INVFsrrr.ATION .Tn OFTERMINF. THF. FFFF.r.T OF FI-,'nRI"IF. flNn
ALI/MTNA ON THF. PRnnllr.TInN EFFTr.TFNCY nF HAND-RLOWN L Ir,HTTNr,
J. Sor.. r,LASS TEr.Ht\IOL.. 195A. 47.. ?AlT-?7nT
WAR"
ORIA F.ISF.NSTADT. M~
"MnLFr.IILAR r.OMPOSTTTn"l OF ALKALI FI.llnRlnF. Vf,PORS II
J. CHFM. PHYS. 195R. '9. 797-R04
ORIR SOCIFTF ANON. m::s Mt."IIIFAr.T. SATNT-f,ORAT"I, r.HAII"'Y f'. r.IDFY
"FFRTTUZFR MAt\JIIFAr.TIIRF fiNO STMIILTMIFOIIS F\(TRAr.TTOJ\I OF
AI.IIMT"lliM FROM "IATIIRAI. lIUJMINliM PHOSPHlITF"
FR. J. 075 ,49 1, 1 R 0 r. T 19'54
. 8-17
-------
() f' I. I.
1-111 lIS 1-'. HFI_MIIT
"THF UII\'T~,III. flF AIR PIJRTTY 11\1 THF ATMOSPHFPF "
7. fI f-I) II S n ,- - F n R S r. H. II. T H F RAP.. 1 q <=; R. 7. 7 () <=; -17
np4 "
~rISSMIf). 1I11r,IIST T.
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7.HIIR. III\IAI.. KHIM.. 1Q<:;7. 1? <:;11-1<:;
OQO'i Sr.HMITT. H.
"THF FLllflRTI\IE PRnRLFM TI\I ALIIMTt\IIIM PI.At.ITS"
F )( T. M FT. A I. I J M I f\111 M . 1 Q f... 1. ? 9 7 - 1 ()? n T S CII S S T n 1\1 1 () 1 (~ t\1 r.. )
()Q Of...
PIICK. M.R.
"T AKT t\1r.. FI.llnR II1F
FTI. TFRS "
,I. I\IR pnU-,ITTnN
SIIMPI FS FRnM THF ATMnSpPHFQF 1>l1TH r..LASS
cnt\ITRn,- Assnc.. 1QA1. 1~. 7,74-77 (FNf~)
OQ () R
FRr.I\. nLAV
"SFLFr.TT\lF tlRSnRPTTnl\1 nF HvnRnr.Ff\1 FI.llnRTnF FRnM r..ASFS
F L F r. T R n I. Y T T r. P R n nil r. T HI f\1 n F A '-' I M I I\III~' \..JT T H \I F R T T r. A L
SPIKF-snf)FRRERr. Af\lnnFS "
TTnSSKR. K.lI:MI. AERr.VFSFN MFT.. 19A3. /3. 115-19 (ENr..1
T 1\1 THF
091() FnWI\Rns. .1.\1.
"FAr.TnRS AFFECTTf\Ir. THFRMAL FFFTr.TFI\lr.v Tt\1 STFF'-MAKTNr.. ppnr.FSSFS "
,I. If\IST. FIIFL. 14A'i. 1R(?971. 443-'i()
OQ 14
HF.f\IRV. ,JACK I..
"FACTnRS AFFF.r.TTI\Ir. FI.llnRTf)F FMTSSTnf\1 FRnM
F. X P F R T M F NT A L A L II M T f\1I1 M R F nil C T T nt\' C F L I. S "
F)(T. '''FT. AI.IIMTNIJM. lQA1. ? A7-R1
10()()O AMPFRF
()9?1 LnRn. .I.
"IITILT7.II.TTnt\1 nF FlIlnRTOF FFFUIFNTS nFTHF SIJPFRPHnSPHlITF
I t\IOI,'S TR Y"
It\If)TAI\I ,I. TFCHl\lnL.. 19AA. 4(101. 3()7-9
09? .,
MIIClf\ITIRF. W"H.
"FIISFn CA3(pn41 /: QF=I.ATInf\1 nF nFr..RFF nF
FFRTIU7FR \/lILIIF. flF nIIF"ICHEn FllSlnNS flF
snlL SCT.. 1944. <:;7. 4?<:;-4/
nFFI.llnR P,llIT In~1 Tn
Rnr.K PHnSPHATF "
()9 ? 4
FI.MnRF. KFI.'-V L.
"nFFL\IORINATTnN nF PHflSPHATF Rnr.K IN THF MflUFf\1 STATF. FM:Tfl
AFFFr.TING RATF nF nFFI.llnRINlITTnN. "
T"In. FNr.. r.HFM.. 194/.34. 4()-R
()Q? A S r. n T T. T. R .
" II TT '- T 7. f1 T T n "I n F F I. II n R 1 1\1 F R F S n 1 'R r. F S "
lIl!STRI\LIIlf\1 .1.. sr.T.. 19"".7. lOA-IT
()931 SMTTH. RIILPH T.'
" 1\ I R - P n U, lJ TI n 1\1 P R n R I. F M S n F T H F PH n S P H 1\ T F HI Il II S T P. V "
MrJNT. AIIR. MTI\IF.S r..FnL.. SPFC. PIIRI.. 1\1[1.4/. 19A7. 4A-P
OQ3C;
FISH FR. RTr.HARn LFRnv
"r..AS-LTotJln CHRnMtHnr.RAPHY nF I/nUHTI.F If\lnR,r..ANTr. Fl.tJnRTnFS.
THFRMnrWNAMICS nF snLlITInN nF SFI.,FCTFn MFTI\L HAunFS I/TI\
r.IIS-I. TOilln r.HRnMATnr.RtlPHY"
nTSS. /lRSTR. R /7(111. lQA7. 3ROQ
8-19
-------
nq~l YAFFF. (HARI.FS n.
IIA.n~nSpl~F~T( r.nl\lr.Fi\ITRflTTnf\IS OF FUJnRTnFS Tf\1 flUIMTNIIM-RFnllr.TH1~!
, PI. (If\ITS"
.1. T f\1n. I I yr,. Tn X T r. Of. .. 1 94 A . 7 A , 79 - 3 1
()Cj 4 ::I
Pfl~rFR. RICHARn w,
IIFI.llflPTNF PRonIICTIOf\1 Pfll/FS WAY FOR f\IFI.j r.HFMT(III. Tf\lnIlSTPY II
r. H F M . ,. M FT. F 1\1 r, .. 1 9 Lt h . <; 3. f\1 n . 7 . 1 n h - 1 n R
()q 4/,
Mfll)nRSKY. 'S.I..
IIpnTflSSTllMMETflPHOSPH.lITF - b. POTFNTTlIl. HTr,H-Af\IAI.YSTS
F F ~ TT '. T 7 F R MAT F R TAl. II
ThID. FNf;. CHFM.. 194n. 3? 744-?4R
()qL..R f.'FARSnf\l. flf\lnPFw. .'
11(1 PRn.IFCTFn CENTRfll. MTI.'. r=nR THE nllRHI\M FI.llnRSPIIR
RIIU.. T.f\IST.MTI\ITf\If; MFT..]941'>. Nn. 471'>.19 PP.
p\1 n I 1ST R Y II
()Q 4c) I. II N n I 1\1
II P R n n I I r. T T ON n F R fRY U. T II M n X I n F II
TPIIt\IS. 11M. IN ST. CHFM. FNr,RS.. ]94<;.41. 1'>71-h91
nqt;() Fnx. F..!.
"THFRMlIL nF=FLllnRTt\IATTnt\1 nF SIIPFRPHnSPHIHF"
T t\1 n. F N r,. r. HE.. 194 1'>. 3 R. ::I 79 - 34
nq <;?
SIIRr,FNT. E..!.
"FI.lrORInES AS AN INntJSTRIAL HFALTH PRORI.FM II
INn. Hyr,.FfllINnATInt\1 .11M.. INC.. PROC. RTH MIN.
79-3')
MFFTTt\Ir,.1943.
()q <; 3 1,oJ I '-'. I AM S. C H A R L E SR. -
IIATMnSPHERTC cnNTAMlf\IATInN FRnM THE CASTINr, nF MAGNFSTIJM II
.!.' TNn. HYr,. TOXICDL.. 1942. 74. 777-?Rn
nq<;7 MANSFTELn. r,EnRr,E R.
liTHE ROLE OF FLlIORlt\IF IN PHOSPHb.TE nFPnSTTTnN"
AM. .I. SC I.. 1940. ?3A. A63-79
nq<;q WTlLIAMS, CHARLES R.
II r. Cl L L F C T I 0 f\1 0 F F LI lOR In F FilM E S Tt\1 A T R "
,I. It\In~ HYr,. TO)(1COI... 1q4'5. 27. 11'5-117
()q A4
PII(;SLFY. H..I.
1It\IEW nPHI-HFARTH FIIPf\IArFS AT HnMFSTFlln
r. .II R N F r, T E - I '-'- T N OJ S S T F F L r. OR PO R b. TT 0 t\11I
Tt\ISTRIIMENTATTON. 194').. 1 NO. '). 3-4
S H T L F f\1. .! 0 S E P H
"RFRYI.LTIIM OXTf)E
FXTRb.CTION"
INn. MFn.. 1Q44.
wnRKS nF
n91'><;
FROM RFRY'..
HFALTH HlI7l1RnS TNr.TnfNT Tn
13, 41'>4-41'>Q
nQI'>R
MACTt\ITTRF. 1.j.H.
"THE I NFL IIENCE nF
SIIPf=R PHnSPHA TI:: SIt
.I. ASSOC. OFFICIAL
CFRTb.IN FAr:TORS nt\1 RFMnI//H. OF FLIIORTf\IF FRnM
A r, R. r. H F M .. 1 9 4 1. 74. 477 -4 R Q
nq71
THFonOROII. n.r,.
"ANALYSIS OF r,ASFS URERATFf) f)IJRTNr,
cnMMFRCIALLY AVAILARLF r..1.ASSFS "
\/ACIIIIM. 19AA. 16(5). 237-739
THF TTP-OFF OF SOMF
8-20
-------
I
I
I~
nq 74 .IIlH",snN, R 1 CHIIIH1 f.=.
"flIISTF"".L flS A snlIRr.F nF WIITFR 011111. TTV TMPIITRMFI\IT"
.1. SA"IIT. F"I(;. nIV. AM. snc. CIVTI. F"Ir..RS.. TqAA, Q7(l). 7l.'i-')I,7
nq 71,
SPTFLRFRr,FR. F.
"pRnf)!ICTTn", nF PRnTFr.TT\lF ATMnSP~FRFS I'" /IN TI\ITFr-RATf.=1) STFFt.
PI.I\"IT " .
T R n '" ~ T F F I. F 1\1 (; R .. 1 q A';. 4 7 ( ] 7). T 7 '; - T "), n
7()14 RnIlRRr11\I. P.
"AI\IALYTICAI. PRORLFMS pnSFf) RV pnl.UITTn'" RV FI.llnRTI\IF cnMPnll"lflSII
ATR pnLLIITInN cnNTROL ASSN-J. nCT A7, 17. Nn. ](). AAl-::I
?()T'; FIIRRAH. H.
"MAI\IIIAI. PRnCFf)IIRFS FnR FSTIM/lTTn"l nF I\TMnSPI-IFRTC FI.IIr1RTnFS "
IITR PnI.I.IIT I nt-J r.nNTRnL ASSN-.!. I\ln\l 14A7.17. I\'n. 1T. 7::!P-l.]
7()7';
sTRnllP. P.T.
"ALIIMINIIM T"If)IISTRY "
APPL Ir.ATlnNS nF FII"'nAMFNTAt THFRMnnvNAMTr.S
PRnCFSSFS-T~T cnNF lqA7. ::14::1-';1,
Tn MFTALI.IJRr-Tr.AL
? () 7" SF F R A r. H. H. M ., \I n"l. S P R II 1\, (;. S. .
"FLlJIlRHAIISHALT IJNf) FUJIlRFMTSSTnN \In''l 7FMFI\'TnFFFN "
7FMFNT-KALK-r,IPS. ..IAN 1qAR. ?T. I\ln. T. l-R
7()77
KRFICHFLT. T.F.. KFM"ITT7. n.A.. r.IIFFF. S.T.
"ATMnSPHFRTC EMISSTnNS FRnM MAI\IIIFAr.TIIRF nF pnRHH'f) r.FMFNT"
II.S. PIIRLTr. HFALTH SFR\lTr.F-FN\lTRnl\'MFI\IT"'. HFIIt.T~ SF~\lTr.F ATR
pnLLIITTnl\.I-1Qh7, PIIRL QQQ-IIP-T7. l.7
7 () 7 R F 1\1 r, LT S H , M.
"FtiJIlRTNF RFr.nVFRV FRnM PHnSPH,fITTr. FFRTTI.T7FR MA""IFM:TIIQF"
C H F M f. P R n r. F S S F 1\1 r.. , n F r. 1 Q A 7. l. R. hi r I . l'. l.'~ - -, .
7()?Q WRT(;HT, R..!.
"r.nl\Ir.FPTS flFF.LFr.TI~Ir. ARC FIiRNAr.F FIIMF r.nNTRIII."
ATR PO,-,-,JTlflN r.nl\.ITRni. ASSN-.I. MARr.H lQAR. ]R, "In. 3. 17C;-R
7()"),::! VlI.!fll\. S.
"RLIIF RTRROl\.1 STFFL WTTH RLIIF ~KTFS"
IRnN Ar'-m STFFL FN(;R. Allr, 1QAR, 4'). "lfl. p. 71-'i
7()::IR AHn, n.
".JEI\ISSFI\' F)(I-Il\IIST Sr.RIIRRFR"
FFFFr.TT\lF ATR PRnTFr.TlnN SYSTFM.
" P R 1 Q A q. ,,? ", ii, l. . A? () -::I
7()4'i ARnWI\', .I,W.
" F L E C T R I CAR r. M F L T I 1\1 (; N F W F R t\ T 1\, S T F F I. M A K T 1\' r, "
RLAST FIIRNAr.E f. STFEI. PI. ANT, .IIILV 19l,Q. ')7, I\Ifl. 7. ')l.7-,)7
70A? Nnt-IF
"F)(TR"r.T1\1F PRnCFSSFS-III.IIMTI\IIIM "
CHt=M f. PRnCFSS FNr" nFC 1QAR, l.q, "tn. 1? ?~
?OA4 SHFRwnnn, W.L.
"SHFRt.'nno PRnCFSS FnR r.nNTTNllnIlS STFFI.MIIKTI\Ir, "
CAN MTI\I f. MFT RilL, SFPT 19AR, 1,1. I\ln. A77, l()fJf..-74
8-21
-------
? nAG ''In''l F
"Y19hR 1FFF r:FMFi\lT 1"lnIiSTRY TFf.H"ITf.fd. rnl\IFFRF"Ir:F l()TH"
lFFF. 19hR. ST. I. nil IS. Mn.. ?()-?L.
? n A 1 R F 1\1 1\1 1= T T. K. I.,' . .
"pnLLl1Tln"l rnl\lTRnl. IS STFF.I. MFFTII\Ir, r.HIII.I.FI\Ir:F"
I R r I 1\1 II r, 1=. "I n \I 1 Q hR. ? n ? 1\1 n . ? 1. 9 S - 1 ()?
? nq -:>. r.r1 II L S fll\l. n. r. .
"Hnl.) H1 FIGIIRF: RnT/lRY KlI.i\I r.IIP/lr.TTY"
Rnr:K pqnOIIr.TS. APR 19A? 6'5. I\ln. 4. 11'5-11',. 119
?n9A lINnSIIY. G.r..
"nnl\lT THRnl-/ At,JIIY nIIST"
l'
?lS7 MlIPSTnNF. G.E.
"lICTO FJ.nw FOR SIJPERPHnSPHIITF M/lI\'"F/lr.T"RF"
RRIT r.HFM ENG. SEPT J9AA. 11. Nn. 9. l()A~
8-22
-------
?1 <;1'1
nTT, R.P., HAT(H~Rn. R.F.
"(nI\.IHU1L nF FLllnRTnF FMTSSIO~IS AT HARI/FV
PRnCESS AI.\IMINIIM Rfl1ll(TInN MTI.I. "
. AT R POLl,IJT T nf\1 Ult\ITRnl. ASSN-.I, SFPT 1 9"~.
1\ ',II M T ~III M 1 N r: - Sf In F P K F D 1,
11, ~I fl. 9, l..~ '( -I. '~
? 1 <;q
M(PHFF, n.T.
" P OW F R P L /HIT II S 1 f\11, H 1 r, H S II L F II R (n 1\ I. T 1\ K F S S T F D S HI R F II II r: f' h T J.>
P 0 1- LII TI 0 N "
II\InllS WATER r. WASTES, ,IAN-FER 19"1, R, I\ln. 1,9-11
?103 Fnr,EwnRTH, T.r,.
"SOMF nFVELOPMFNTS IN AI.lIMII\IlIM RFnllr:TTnl\t "
C 1\ N M T 1\1 r. M F T RilL, A II r, 1 967., 5 Ii, ~1O. "n 4 , Ii R ." -"
7.170 NnNF
"PIPF SYSTEM SOllFLU1FS NnxIOllS FIIMF<; "
ROCK PRonIiCTS, nEC 19"3,00, Nn. 1?, 9<;
?17? HARRISON, .IP., R.P., HOAn, .I.r,.
"RAGHnIlSF CLEANS 500 r.FMFNT KTl.1\1 r,/.ISFS "
AIR ENI" MAR 1903. 5. NO.3, 14-1"
?17R MCKTRROI\I, .I.H.
"nEVFLOPMENTS IN nliST Cnt_LECTInN f'OIIIPMFI\IT "
CAN MTN r. MET ~II.. OCT 1962. ?7.. Nn. I? 71~-1'i
7.179 RIVERS. R.n.
"OPERATING PRINr.IPLFS OF NON-TONT7.11\11, FI.Fr:TROSTATTr. IITR FTUFRS"
ASHRAE-TRANS. 1962. oR. 9?-101
21Al
GACKENRACH. R.E.
"CORROSION PRORLFMS TN PHOSPHORTC 1Ir. In Al\ln PHOSPI-IATF.
FFR TT '- T 7. FR MANIJFAr.TIIRF"
MATlS PROTECTION. .IAN 1903, ? 1\10. 1. liO-?, 54-7
21R7 lEWIS, r,., MYF.RS, C.F.
"VAPORI7.ATION PROPERTIES OF TROI\I PHnSPI-ITnFS"
.I PHYS CHFM, ,IlJf\IF. 196"1. "7, NO. A, 1?R9-9?
n91
HERRICK, R,A.
"RAGHnIlSF. TEST PROr,RIIM FOR OXVr,FN I./II\I(Fn npFl\1 HFhRTH FIIMF
CONTROL" .
AIR POLLlJTION CONTROL IISSN-.I. ,IAN 19""1, 1~. Nn. 1. ?R-3?
7.193
HOIISTOl\t. W.M.. .LAVEI\IIIF.. W.II.
"CIJRRENT RENEFICIATION PRACTIr.FS FnR
FLORTnA "
MIN ENr.. NOV 190? 14, NO. 11.44-9
PFRRI.F PHnSPHATF IN.
2195
RARNES. R.
"IMC INCREASES
BONNIE FLORIDA
EN1, r. MTN. 11111,
CONCFNTRATFn-PHOSPHATF nllTPIIT liO% WTTH f\1F'..J
PI. A~IT "
1903. 1"4. Nn. R. 9R-lnn
8-23
-------
? 1 ,] q
flPljf1KS. S.H., I<'TI-'I.If\!(~. R.II., Rnss, T.C.
"SfliJ,PI. If\Ir, SYSTFMS FnR \-I"STF r..I\S 1\t\lIILyq S FRf1M fI\JFf\I-HFI\DTH 1\1,11)
/I,I/I\( FIIRr'I/I.CFS"
T R (11)1 F, S T F F L I 1\1 S T - ,I. M" R 1 q f. "I. ? 0 1. P P T t\I T Tf\1 (: f\.1 r 1. "I, ? (I ? - . r
? 1 qq
"'dIHLR/ln. W.
"/lIII'-(:/l8FI\I RFT I1FI< R/lIICH(:'IISFf\iTSTIIIIRIIW:; 1/flf\1 '.T(HTRrH:Ff\lfll'Ff'f\I"
STI\HL II FISFf\I. ,111LY 1l)f-,'>,. ~n. !\In. 1">. q?l-Q
? ? Ii I, S I IS S M 1\ f\!. V. H .
"/lIR pnl.LIITlnf\1 liNn ITS cnNTRnl. HI STFFI. Tl\lnliSTRY "
I R n 1\1 F. S T F F L F N r.. p. M /I Y T q A ? ~ q. 1\1 n. ">. R 0 -"
??ns H1TCHcnCK. l.R.
"/lIR SlIl\lTT/lTTnN nFVFIJ1PMFI\ITS"
/lIR pnUIITlnN rnl\ITPrJL I\<:,SI\I-,I. MIIY 1qA7. 1? I\In. ">. ??'~-A
??nA
\./f'HMFIFR. W.. \.IFTf\IF(I<'. H.
"nIH:'III\I[7I1TTnl\l MJn f'ST/lRI.TSHMFI\IT nF SPFCTlIL (I.FI\I\I AIR
n F P /I R T M F 1\1 T S T f\1 1 R n 1\1 /I I\In ST F Fl. P '-II f\1 T <:. "
ST/lHL II FISFI\I. nCT 14Aq, Rq, I\ln. ;>0. IORQ-ql
??lO
Ri\(F, W.F., lFWIS, R.
"FFFF(TTVF <:.(RIIRRFR Tn RFMnlff:: CHLnRIl\lF FRnM 1I1.IIMTI\IIIIM-F/lCTnRv.
G/lSFnIIS FFFUIFI\ITS"
I f\1 S T M F TAL S -.I. M II MAR 1 Q A 4. q;>. P P T t\I T 1\1 n. 7, ? ()" - 7
??lq PFIRCF. .I.W.
"RIISING CFMFNT PI. liNT 1I\ISTRIIMFNTlITTnl\l nl\l PRFnICTi\RI.F S/lIITI\I(:,S"
PIT 111\11) QIIARRY. 10 IIPR 1qA4. "'(-.. I\ln.10. nQ-40.1"i"l.
???O nlln/l. W.H.
"RF()IITRFMFI\ITS FnR CFi>1FNT PL/lI\IT nFSTr..I\I"
f\1TI\IFRALS PRnCFS<;TI\IG. ,1111\1 lQA4. '). I\ln. 1. 1Q-?3
???l
TIIFlFR. n.H.
"G/IS SCRIIRRTNG PIIYS l)flIlRI.F nTIITnFNn"
MII\IFRALS PRnCFSS1t\1c:.. .11\1\1 )QA4. '). I\tn.
1. ?4-7
???~ PF/lCnCK. G.F.H.
"FIIMF /11\10 nliST RFMfllll\L 11\1 MnnFRN MILL"
,llIl\lInR TI\ISTI\I FI\IGR<;-.I. IIPR 1Q';4. 74. PRTI\IT 1\111. 7. ?03-1A
7??">
CRA1,ISHI\W, C..I.
"R/lTF nF nllST FMTSC;Tfll\l FRnM PRFr.TPTT/lTnR-FFFFCT nF CH/If\Ir:FS ri,'
ASH cnl\lT FI\IT"
FNc:.INFFR, ,IIII\IF lQ';~. '71". I\ln. ')AO'). 114Q-'il.
777(, WALKFR. A.R.
"FI_FCTRnSTIITTC PRFCTI-'TT/lTrlRS"
AM CITY.SFPT lQA4, 7Q. I\ln. Q, 14A, 1">0. l')?
?777 f\lnNF
" M n n F R 1\1 F F R T T '- T S F R P '. 1\ 1\1 T "
CHFM r. PRnCFSS Fl\1c:.. "In\! 1QA-~. 44, I\ln. 11. Af,7-Q
7?7Q WFTI\IRnTTFR. F.
"I\IOW COMMFRCTAt-ATF"I SYI\ITHFSTS FRm~ SIIPFRPHnSPHIITF RYPRnnll(T "
CHFM FI\IG. APR 1QA4. 71. I\ln. Q. 13?-4
8-24
-------
??~? t\lnl\lF
"IIRMcn STFFI.'S MIJnFRt\1T7 fiT Tnt\I PRnr..Rt\M t\T IISH'.IIt\111 1,'nRKS"
RLt\ST FIIPt\I/!(~F t\t\ln STFFI PLAI\IT. 1 .It\/Il 1qA4. ')?"/llrl.l. ?~-'~1.7q
??":\4 MTTCHFLI.. R.T.
" FilM F r. L F II t\1 T 1\1 r.. 11 T F R R I" II II L F t\ /II n S P F t\1 r. FR' S T F F I. 1-1 ilK T /II r, P' "'" T S "
STFFL TTMFS. FFR lQAI.. lRR. t\ln. 4QR7. ?1/-1"
?? 4 4 r." '. FC F Tn. R. P .
"Wf:T cvr.LnNF. SCRIIRS PHnSPHI1TF nllST "
MT/IIFRIILS PRnCESSTN(;. ",nv 19f,4. '5. "In. 11. ?O
'?4" r..RANT. H.n.
"pnLlIITIn"l r.rlt\ITRnL T"I PHrlSPHnlUr: flr:rn PI.MIT"
r.HEM FI\Ir.. PRnGRF.SS. .lA'" 1C)A4. AO. "In. 1. "'-"
??4A
RLonMFTFLn. R.n.
"IIIR POLLI'TIO'" r.ONTRnl. TN INnllSTRV "
AIR F.Nr... ,!IINE lC)A":\. '). "m. A. 7. R. q. pr,S. ?4-A.
2A-30. tlllr,. pr..S. ?R:":\O. SF PT. Pr.S. ":\()-":\'. 34-A
,III LV. Pr.S.
? ? " 1 TIE T I r, . ,I R .. R.
"NEW FCONOMTCS OF STFF.LMAKINr.."
IRO'" r. STEEL F.Nr.R. SFPT 1C)AC). 4A. NO. q. 111-1')
?/ '52
RROTHF. R.
"TNCRFASIN(; EFFICIFNCV nF EXISTTNr, TNSTALLI\TTnNS FOR
OF nliST FROM RtAST FIJRNACE FUIF r..AS "
STI\HL IJ F.TSEN. q .lAM 1QAC). RC). "10. 1. ":\()-')
AFMnlflll.
??5~
R ROTH F. R.
"PRORLEMS OF nl~T
SINTFRIN!'; PLANTS"
STAHL II EISEN. 1.2
RF.MnVAL FROM Wt\STF r,t\SES OF IRnN nRF
OFC 1QAA. AR. "In. ?'). 1414-,?
??'54
LOWENKAMP. H.
"F.FFECT ClF FUFL TVPF AMn FIIF.L RATF nil! vTFLn A/lm CHI AI. TTV nF
IRON SI"'TER "
STAHL II EISEN. ::\ APR ]qf,C). RQ. NO.7. ":\,7-4?
?7.'5(-, MEJER-CORTF.S. E.
"METHons ANn RFSIII.TS OF OPF.RATINr.. S/o1I\I.I. OPFN HFIIRTH FIIR"IIICFS "
STAHL If EISEN. 10 JilL 1Qf,C). RQ. I\In. T4. 7A1-l,
22r;7 HnLnFM. C.
"nEVELOPMF.NTS T"I PROCFSSINr.. nF UOIlTn STFFI."
IRON f. STEEL INST-.I. .111'" lqf,C). ?(17. PT. A. R()A-?"
225A
CliFFE. S. T.
"AIR POLLIITANT EMISSIONS FROM COAt-FTRFn pnWFR PI.ANTS-PFPORT
Nn." 1 "
AIR pnLLUTInN cnNTROL ASSI\I-.I. SEPT 1QA4. 14. Wl. C). 3')':\-A?
22 r;q
GERSTtF. R. W.
"ATR pnLLIITI\NT
REPORTNO. ?"
AIR POLL liT ION
FMTSSTnNS FROM CnAL-FTRFn pnWFR PLI\NTS
CONTROL AS<;N-J. FER 1QA"i. 1". Nn. ? ')c)-A4
8-25
-------
77Al ,i\rnHS. M. R.
"HEflL TH flSPFrTS flE /llR pnl.l.IITH1t\1 FRnM Tt\Ir.Tt\Ir:RIITIW.S "
IISMF-NIIT TNrlNFRATnR r.nNFERENCF-PRnr. lR-70 MAY 19A4. l7R-~1
77A7 CliFFE. S. T.
"/lIR Pr11.UJT/lNTS FRIlM PIlWER PUlt\ITS"
It\lniiS Hyr,TFt\IF Fr1IJNI)IITInN. 77 l\NNIJ/I'- MFFTfN(:-TP/lf\IS. lqA7. /+77-7
nA~ II/IF. .1.11.
"1'lTMnSPHFRTr. FLIJRIlMFTRTr. FI.llnRTnF ANi\f.Y7FP "
/lTR pnLLlITTnN r.nNTRnL ASSN-.I. MAY ]9AS. 1">. Nfl. ">. 1Q">-7
.77 A 4 K n F t\1r:.. P.
''(If\lfll.YSF \InN HIlr.HIlFFI'I-FTNSAT1STnFFFt\1 "
STi\HL II FTSFN. 77 IIPP 19A5. RS. Nn. R. 4RO-1
77(-,7
PHILLIPS. R.A.
"IIIITnMATTnN nF PIlRTI.ANn r.EMFNT PI.Af\IT IIqt\I(; nTr:.TT(lI. (llf\ITPrll.
cnMPIITFR"
MINFRALS PRnCESSING. nEC 19A4. ">. Nn. 17. 37-A
??AR
FIlt\IK F. r,.
"ELFKTRnFNTSTAIiRER Tt\1 DER 7.:EMFNTTI\IOIISTPTF"
ZEMENT-KALK-GIPS. MAR ]qA5. 1R. Nn. ~. q4-lnA
7?7D Hi\RRIS. F.R.. RETSER. F.R.
"CI.FAt\IJt\IG SINTER PI.ANT Gt\S WITH VENTIIRT SCPIIRRFP "
f.IlR pnL'-'ITrrlN CnNTRnL lISSN-.J. FER lqA">. I">. Nn. 7. 4A-9
??77
LTHnll. O.A.
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MlINIIFACTIIRF "
CHEM ~ PRnCFSS FNG. Nnl/ 1Q"4. 45. Nn. 11. A04-11
777~ NnNE
"RFTHFLEM r.HALLENGFS MTnWEST "
IRnN Ar,F. APR 19AC:;. lQ<;'. Nn. 17. A7-74
?774 FITTFRFR. G.R.
"flCTn IlPFN HFlIRTH RFSFlIRr.H nVFR PAST HIFI\ITY YFIIRS"
MET snc ATMF-nPFN HFlIRTH PRnr.. 19A~. 4A. 1R~-A
227<; RARNSI.FY. R.P.. THnRNTnN. D.S.
"FFFTCIFt\ICY OF CflRRnN RFMOVAI. RY nXYGFt\1 It\1 /lRr. FIIPt\IAr.ES"
IRnN f. STEFl. INST-SPFr.TlIl. Rf'PflRT. lQA4. R7. R7-Q,
277R /lNnt\IYMOIJS .
"MATERIALS FOR CFRAMIC PROCESSTNG"
CER It\IOIISTRY. .liIN ]QA9. 97. Nn. 1. 71-]17
?7RO Hnl/IS. .I.F.
" R no F FIR T t\1 r:. /I t\1n R F H F fI T F II R t\I/I r. F "
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"WORLn I..jIDE DEVFfJlPMFNT nF PEI.I.ETI7Tt\IG nF TRnt\1 nRF "
REV nF METAI.LlIRGIE. nEC 19AR. A<;. t\ln. P. R]3-"
??R4 HILL. /I.r.
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ATR pnLLlJTTnN CIlNTRIlI. ASSN-.I. MAY lQAQ. ]Q. t\ln. <;. ~~I-A
8-26
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nR FP F L L FT S "
snc MII\I EN(;RS OF lITME-TRANS. nFr. IQAP. 741. hill. 4. 'i~~-7
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"II.S. STFELMAKERS liP Tn Tnp PRFSSIIRF "
IRnl\1 lIf-F. APR lQ(-,O. 7n3. I\ln. 17. Il()-I11
?7Q, RI.ASIIM. H. A... CLAIIS. n.
"nlJST cnNTRnL IN CF.RlIMIr. PLANTS" -
STAIIR-RFINHALTIJNG DF.R !.IJFT. FFR 19(-,0. ,?Q. I\ln. '? 4R-'i3
1'1'94 SQIIIRFS. R.,I.
"f\lEW nFVELOPMFNTS I 1\1 IJSF nF FARRIr. FTLTFR DIIST r.nU.Fr.Tnp.s"
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PFTRnv. L.A.,. MASHKnv. \I.M.. KnTFI. I\ITKn\l. YII.\I.. FRF.Tr)FI\17nl\l. F.
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RENFFICATION COMRINF INDIJSTRIAL PF.U.FTC:; "
STAL, f)EC lQ6A; Nn. 17.. 1065-Q
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IRON f. STFEL, O1:T IQ6R. 41, Nn. In. 44A-I)()
??9Q GF.RSTRERr:;ER. R.
"PRnCESS COMPIJTFRS 11\1 r.FMEi\lT wnRKS "
STEMENS. FER lQ69. 36. NO. ?. 46-1)1
7.300
ALCOCFR. A.E., POTTER. L.A.. FELDSTEIN. M.. MnnRF., H.
"cnLLECTTON AND ANALYSIS OF INnR(;lINTr. nliST nnWI\IWTI\'n nF snIlRr,F:
FFFLI/F.NTS"
AIR pnLLlITInN cnNTROL lISSN-,J. lIPR lQAQ. 10. I\ln. 4. ?3A-R
7.304 TnMANY, J.P.
"CONTROL OF ALIJMTI\IIJM r.HI.nR InF. FIIMF.S"
LIr.HT MET/IL A!;F.. OCT 10AR. ?A. I\ln. O-l(). lQ-?n. "',A
2305
lJRusnVSKlIYA, L.N., KnSTnMARn\lll. V.I\I.. STI\ITKIIS. R.I.
"ISSLFnnVANIE stEKI.onRRAZnVANTYA T S\lnT<;T\I
FLoRALYIIMnFOSFATNYKH STFKnL "
ZHlJRNAL PRIKLAf)NIJI KHIMII, MAR I96R. 41. I\ln. 3. I)nO-4
?30A
Lyl\lr:;, S.
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SYSTEM NA?0-CAO-Mr.0-III?03-SI0/ "
f-LIISS TF.CHNOLnr;y, nFr. 106R, o. Nn. A. 170-R4
T 1\1 f, I. /I S S F S T '"
7.307 CilVl\N/lf,H, P.E.
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C/IN MlI\l F: MFT RilL. /111(; 10AR. AI. I\lf1. A7A. Qf,P.-7/.
8-27
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I
?"l,ln PFf\I!\IFR, M.
"r.HflRAr.TFRTSTTr. nTII(;RflMS FOR r.FMFNT '.,JnPKS"
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MOL T F. f\1 r, LAS S "
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[) F 1- S F '" . W .
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r. R . /I f\I n 1 0';1: f\1J TNT H F. R '. fI S T F II R N A C F "
ARCHT\I FIIFR nAS FTSFf\IHIIFTTFNWF.SFI\I. "'OV ]qf-,q, 4(), "10.
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7"l,17
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YROf\1 E: STEEL ENf;R. ,JIlf\I.]Q70. 47. NO. I, 74-Cln
7~lR HARRIFS. n.R.
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PROC OF INST CHFM FNf;R. ]qAR. ]Q')-707
?~7"i ROZHANSKII. A.I.. VELIKonNYJ. \I. G.. SAKHNO, 1\1.1\1.
"FUIE GAS EMISSIOf\1 IN GLASS FIIRI\IAr.F.S "
GLASS E: CFRAMICS. ,IIILY-AIIG IgoR. 25. 1\'0. 7,R, 4"i"i-R
? ::17 R
AI\IONYMOIIS
"OPFN HFARTH FIIRNAr.F. SHOP TO RF VTRTII/lI.LV S~OKF'_FSS WTTH
AnnITIONOF FIFTH PRFr.IPTTATOR" .
I!\InIlS HFATING. OCT lqf-,q. 3''1. 1\10. 10. IqR"i, ]qRf-,. TqRR
733n TOMANY, J.P.
"SYSTFM FOR CONTROL OF AI.IJMINIIM r.HLOR TnF FIIMFS "
AIR POLL liT ION r.nNTROL lISSN-,I. ,IIII\IF Iqf-,q, ]q. f\10.
A, l.?()-~
?"l,~l SJNGHAL, R.K.
"FIIMF ClFANI"IG SYSTFMS IISF.n Tf\1 STFFI. Tf\lnIlSTRY-T"
STEFL TIMES, AIIG lqAq., lq7, NO. R, "i3I-R
7~33 MCCALnIN, R.O.
" II S F 0 F A I R r. R AFT T f\1 A I R POL '-' I T T n 1\, R F SF II P r H "
AIR POLLlJTION COf\iTROI. ASS"I-,I. ,IIII\IF 19AQ. TQ, f\lrl. A. 4nS-Q
23~4 TANAKA, T., KAWASI. H. .
"EFFFCT OF FLlJORInFS Of\1 RRAZART'- TTY Tf\1 A'-"MTf\IIIM HARn SOI.nFR"
.IAPA"I T"IST Llf,HT MFTI\I.S-.I. SFPT lq,:,Q. 19, 1\10. q, 3R3-gn
2337
G R A I N G F R, .I . A .. R ( II. M FR. R . W ., (; II R SO f\1. II .
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Jf\IST FIIFL-.I. MAY lqAq. 47. NO. 340. 70n-A
8-28
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ZHIIRf\JAL PRIKLIIOt\IOI KHTMTT. MAR 19A9. 4? I\In. ",,>, l.R1-(,
?~SO RFR.THFT. A.
IIIRSIn r.OI\ITTNllnIIS STFFLMIIKIN~ PRf1r.FSSIi
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?~5A AOIICHI. A.
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IRON f. STFEL TNST .IAPIII\I-TRANS. 19fi9. 9. t\10. ?, 1';3-h1
??'iR
MFRRITT. R.F., .10Ht\ISOt\I, F.I\.
IIf)IRFr.T FI.lInRINATTI1t\I-AI)I)TTlnN OF FI.llnPT"IF= Tn T"IOFt\IFS 111\.10
Ae:ENAPHTHYI.FNFS II
J ORf,ANIC CHEM. .IIINF 1QAA. 31. Nfl. A, 1AS9-A~
?359 TF'-LFR. A.,I.
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CHEM FNf, PROf,RFSS. MI\R 1Qh7. h"">. NO. "">. 7S-Q
23AO SPF:CHT. R.r... CALACFTO. R.R.
IIf,ASFOIiS FLlJORIOF. FMISSTf1I\IS FROM ST/lTTnl\l/lRY SOIIRq:SII
CHEM ENG PROGRESS. MAY 19A7. 63. Nfl. S. 7A-A4
?"3A4
nANKOFF. J.O., LINDSAY. R.W., MA(;nR. .I.K.
"REe:RYSTA'-'.IZATION RFHAVInllR OF LOW-r./If~RON
RASIC OPEN-HEARTH STEFI.SII
IRON f. STEEL. .IAN 19A7, 40, Nn. 1. ?-A
RASTC nXY(;FN liNn
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7403 ROSSI, r.., PERIN. A.
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1'404
INNES. .I.A., MELOIII\.If=Y. H.F.
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"IRnl\.l STEEL INST (I.nl\.lnnNI. NOV 19AQ. 1'07. PRTNT I\ln. 11.
1437-43
?407 HEMnN. W.r..I..
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AIR POLLlJTIOI\I COI\ITRnl. ASSN-,J, ,IIII\IE 1QAn, JO. "'n. 3, ?OR-JR
?40Q
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r.RAMMFRCY II
EN r, f. M T N .I. .J 1 11\1 E 1 Q A O. 1 AI, 1\1 n. A. I' 0 0-1)
1'410 STnKINr.FR, H.F.
IITnXTc:nl.nr;Tr. TNTERACTTnNS nF MTXTIIRFS nF AIR pnl.'.IITANTSII
INT ,I AIR POLLlJTlnN, ,)I I "IF 1QAO. 1'. Nn. 4, 313-?A
1'417
SIILLIVAI\I. .J.L.. MIIRPHY. R.P.
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CLAY T I\InlJSTR IF S "
INST FIJFL-J, SEPT lQAn. 33. 1\.10. 73A, 4"J,f,-4?
PANFRTANcn, A.
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METALlIIRG1A ITALT Af\lA , Allr; 19AO. 51'. I\ln. R. '131-"J,
?4n
I' 411tr:,NONF
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STEEL, NOV 1959.. 145. I\ln. 19. lA?
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ZEMENT-KAtK-GIPS. MAY 1959.11'. "'n. ". 1RQ-QA
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RnCK PRnOIJr.TS. MAY 14AO, £'3, 1\.1r1. '). 17R. 1RO. 1R4
241'2
LFECH. H.R.
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II\II1IISTRY "
CHEM f. INOIJSTRY,
TNnRr.ANlr. FI.llnRTNF r.nMPnlll\lns TH r.HFI.1Ir."I.
MAR 19AO, Nn. 10, ?4?-50
8-31
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?4'2,/1 wnRPALL. W.F.
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?447 FSS. T.:I.
"ARMr:O AT RIITLFR "
I R n N F. S T I" F L F 1\1 (; R. /\ II r:. 1 9 /1 1. '2, R. 1\1 n. R. A / -/\ /1
2441'1 SMITH. .I.H.
"AIR pnU.IITTnN r:Ol\ITRnl. TI\I OXVr..FN STFF'.Mt\K11\Ir:. "
J OF MFTAI.S. SEPT 19/11. 13. I\ln. q. A~/-4
?4S? RRANnT. w.F.
"SVMPIlS1IJM nN FAIRI.FSS l,.JnRKS OPFI\I HFL\RTH SHnp"
I R ml F. ST I" F I. F 1\1 r; R. .Ii 11\1 F 1 9 AI. ~ R. 1\1 n. A. 1 1 A - / >1
8-32
-------
-.J,7f-,1.. (;PI\FF, H. M.
"Fr,r11\lnMTCS nF PAW MlITFP.T1\I.S PRFPI\RI\TTnl\, Fnp RI.I\ST FIIP"'l\r.F"
.\ [IF MFTI\LS, I\PR 1QA'1. 17, "In. 4. ?,RQ_o/,
I,() n A
r~I\I..>NFS, T.M., I.nl.//IITF. .IR.. 14."1.
"/1 r.nST 1If\IIII.YSTS nF I\TP-pnU.I/TIn"l r.nf\ITRnl.S Tf-I THF TI'ITFr;P1\P:(1
IRn,,' !\"tn STFFL TNnllSTRY II
RATTF'-'.F MFMnPTAI. JNSTTTIITF. MAY lC}AC}. ?r:;C}
I, () n 7
"IA TT '1 "11\ '. S r. T F. N r. F FIlII 1'1 n 1\ T T n "-I
"FMTssrnN r:r1"ITRn'. RI.l\ST FIIRNI\r.F nPFI..> AT Tf1"-' nDF SP.iTFP. Thie:
S P Fe T A I. F [J R F I (; "I (: II R Q. F. "I T Y S elF "I r. F T 1\1 F n 1-1 ivl lilT r ]r\1 P r~ I I r., p A 1,1 .
\--IASH..n.r... 1C}hQ. 12
PI.M.lTS II
l..nOA vnN FnFRSTFR~ HFTNZ
"THF "IIIMRFRS OF MAN PAST ANn FIITIIRF."
TLLT",nTS IINTV.. IIRRANA. RlnLn(;Tr.1\'- r.nMPIfTFP '-I\R.. I\PfJ lqAA. 74
t.nnq
HFRMANN. F.V.
IIpnp\ILATInN FnRECASTTI\I(; MFTHnnS"
II RF.pnRT nN FnRFCASTTNr, ANn FSTTMIITTN(;
TRANS.. WASH.. n.r....IIII\IF !C)(-,4. A'5
MFTHnns, nFPT.nF
4()10 ATtANTA RFf.TnN METRnpnL TTAN P'-At\iI\IIN(; r.nMMT SSln"l
"FSTTMATTI\I(; Hnl/STI\I(; ANn pnPIJLATTnN nATI\"
(;FnR(;TlI. MARCH 19A9, 4'5
4()l'3 RLtIF. n.n.
"RAW MATF.RTAL.S FOR AI.IIMI"IIIM PRnnllr.TTnl\' "
RIIMINF.S INFORMATInN (}RCI/LAR Nn. 7A7'1. 1qC:;4. 11
4() 17
()\INCAN. W.E.
lI(nl\fC Fl\fT R II T T N(;
ILLINnIS"
A I MF. TECH PIIBL
OPF.RATTnNS AT THE= MAHnNTNr, MTI\IT"-I(; r.n RI1STr:LI\P
NO. ?()40. 1Q46. 14
4023 HIGNETT. T.p.. SIF.(;Fl. M.R.
"RECOVFRY OF FLl/nRINF. FROM STA(K (;ASFS "
IND AND FN(; CHFM. Nnv 194C}. 41. Nn. 11. 74C}?'-7l..Q~
4024 HILL. W.L.. JAcnR. K.n.
"PHnSPHATF ROCK AS MI FcnNnMIr. snllPr.F nF FI.IlIiP P,/FI'
MTN EN~. nr.T IQS4. A. Nn. 10. C}Q4-10nO
4025 JACnR. K.n~. MARSHAlL. H.L.. RFYNnlns. n.~. TPFMFAPNF. T.H.
"cnMPnSITln~1 ANn PRnPFPTIFS nF SIIPFPPHnSPH/lTF"
INn AMI) FI\I(; CHEM. JII"-IE lq4? ?4. NO. A. 77?-77P.
402A LAY. w.r.. .
II~INK ANn FLnAT SFPI\PATlnN IMPRnVFS FI.llnpSP/lR RFr:nVF.RV "
EN(; ANn MIN-.I. 19l..7. 14R. Nn. 10. An-R~
40~Q QIIIN~I. .I.E.
"FUJnRSPAR PRnnllr.TlnN OZARK MAHOl\IT"I(; r.n f\IflPTH(;!lTF r.nLrl "
nFCD-TREFOIL. NnV-D~C IQS3. 7-}4
lin?, 1 Sr:HFNr.I<. (;.
"MINERVAS CRYSTAL FLIJOR~PAR nPFRATTnNS RIlr.K THF TTnE"
ROCK PRonIiCTS. JAN IQ57. AO. NO.1. 9A-101)
8-33
-------
I., (t";'?
S T I" 1/ F 1\1 . T. /1 0
"GFrJLnGY nF THF l\!nfJTH(:,(lTF FlllflPSDI\P nTSTRTr.1
II 0 S 0 r: I" fl I. 0 <; II R 1/ F Y M T 1\1 f' R (I I. T f\1 V F S T T G /I T 1111\\ F T f' I. I)
MF-1.~. 14"i/,
r.rllJ1R /lnr!"
STII11II-S ".,/1P<:
I.(p,"r \,jl-S.'. 1./1MrII\IT, 1,.J/1IJIj-"\I. I~ oR.
""'if I.'. T 1\1 (:, K F 1\1 T II r. K Y F'.II n Q SPA R T i\ T r. T 1\1 (:, S "
"''tT N FI\IG. M/lY lq,)4. "i/.?-')44
I, () 18
I, n/,?
PFTTTT. A.R.
IIF1.lInR 1 nF sr.RIIRRr:RS"
CHFM FNG."iR, Nn. p.
/lIiG 1Q<;1. ?"in-?"i?
St>t'TTH, ,1.1.., SNFLL, H.II.
" S F. L F r. T T f\1 G nil S T r. 0 L '. F r. Trl RC:; "
r.HFM FI\I(:, PRn(;RFSS, ,1/11\1 19AR, A4, I\In. 1. A()-A1
4()44 SHFRWTN, K.I\.
"SCRIIRRFRS FIIR SIIPFRPHflSPH/1TF nFN GI\SFS"
TP/If\IS TI\IST r.HFM Ef\I(;RS, 19')4, SIIPPI.FMFI\IT. c!,? "i1?Q-IJ14()
4() I, ,;
4()/+A
4()4g
L. () <; l
4()')4
4(),),)
K1FU~I\r.K, I\.W.
"THF nFVFI.OPMFf\IT OF Flni\TTI\.I(; RFn Sr.RIIRRFRS "
r.HFM FNGR PRO(;RFSS, 19A1, ')7, NO.3'). <;1-')4
HIIFFSTIITlFR, K.K.
"snllR C F S HIf) (JIIANT IT T F S nF F LIIOR T nF S Fvnl.lIF.n FRrJM THF
Mi\t\llJFACTlIRE OF FF.RTILT7FR ANn RF.LATFn PRonllr.TS"
,J AIR POlUITION CONTRf1L ASSN, nF.r. 19AA, 11, I\ln. 1;>, hR?-AR/,
cnCHRAI\I, C.I\I., SLFFPY, W.C.,
"FIIMFS TN I\LIIMII\IIIM SMFLTTN(;
RFcn\!FRY "
,I M F Till. S, 1 9 7 (), ? '? 1 -4
FRi\f\IK, W.R.
r.HFMI STRY nF Fllnl.IITTnN ".~.II"J
1\ l\Iill\lY MOl IS
"(; I II NT FilM F C AT C H F R STOP S F I. I In RIO E F M T S S T n 1\1"
CHEM ENr" FER 195R, ""i, ~~-~R
GRAVF., (;.,
"nF.TFCTION
STF.FlWORKS
STAIIR, ./AI\I
NAGEL. H.
nF REMnVAL OF
ANn ME ASIIR 11\1(;
196R, '?R, 1\1n.
FI.lJnRINF IN THF WIISTF (;ASFS ilF A
AIR r.1I1ALITY TN TTS SIIRp.nlll\'nTI\IGS "
1,9-1A
SCHIIFNFMAN, J..I.
"AIR POLLlITTON ASPEns OF THE TRml ANn STFFI. Tl\.lnIlSTRY"
II.S. nHFW, PHS, nIII nF AIR POLLIITTOI\I, Wi\SI-1.I'.C.. PHS PII~I. 1\1(1.
999-AP-1, ,)lINE 1963, ~4 .
4057 WFFny, R.C.
"HOW AIR POLlIITIOf\1 CAf\\ RF r.ONTROL'-Fn TI\' A PI.AI\IT"
RRICK C'-AY RECORn, 19(-,7, 151,NO. 3. ')1-')1
40IJR SCHIIFn, A.
"ntIST MFASIIREMEI\ITS Tf\1 r.FRAMTC '.!ORKS . MFTHnns Al\ln RFSIII.TS "
RFR. nFIIT. KFRAM. (;FS., 19(-'R, 4'), I\1n. 11. ,),)7-(-'?
40hO ACKERMANN, C., HFNNTCKF, H.W.
"PRORLF.M OF OIiST MFASIIREMENT IN THE r.ERAMTC TNnllSTPY "
R E R. D F.I IT. K E R AM. G E S ., 19 n R, 4 IJ, 1\10 . 1 1, <; n 3 - A ')
8-34
-------
I.OA1 NFWMAt\I. A.r..O.
"SIMPLF APPARATIIS FOR SFPARIITINr. FI.llflD.Tf\IF
AI.IJMlf\IOSIUr.ATF<; RY PYROHynRn'.Y<;TS"
1If\IALYST. lQAA. q1. Nfl. llD. A?7-11
FRrJM
40A? HRISHIKFSAt\I. K.r..
"RFMO\lAI. nF FLIJnRINF FROM ALlIMTf\I/I RY STF/IM "
KRISHIKFSAf\I. II.S. 1.44?AOA. M/lY A. 1qAQ
1~()A3 THOMAS. S.H.
" 1\ T P P 0 1.1. liT 1 n f\1 MI n r. I 1\ S<; M II f\11I F 1\ r. T II R HI r. "
r.1. 1\ S S 1 f\1 n.. ., q h y. "i () . f\1 n . '5. ? 1 "i - 1 Q
4()o4
R Y n FR. R hJ .. M C MAC K I t\I. .I . J .
"SOMF FACTORS AFFFCTINr. STACK FMTSSTONS FRO/-l h r.1.II<;S r.n/\ITI\PIFR
FII~NACF "
(;LASS INn.. lQAQ. "i(). NO. A. ':\07-1()
4 () A '5 H 0 L M F S. .I. T .. K 0 P P F L ~ I.. R .. ,In f\1 K F. 1\. II .
"FUlTnI7:En Rf:n nTSpnStll. nF FUlnRT/\IF"
INn HI r. C H F M PRO r. F S S n F SIr, N n F v F '- n P. 1 Q f, 7. f,. f\1 n. 4. ,,() R - 1 ":\
40Af, ARRAHIIM. R.P.
"nIiST SAMPUN(; ANn AIR TFSTTNr. Tf\1 Tf\InII<;TPv "
K ERA M . Z .. 1 Q 6 7. 1 q. f\IO. A. 49 1 -9 ?
40A7 Sr.HIIFTl. H.
"OIlST FXTRAr.TION FROM ROTl.FR FI.IIF r.A<;FS"
KFRAM Z.. lQ67. rQ. NO. A. 4AQ-91
400A WENZFl. R.
"nIIST PRORLH~S TN THF r.i=RAMIr. TNnliSTRY "
KFRAM Z.. lQA7. lQ. f\ln. R. 4Q4
40A9 RFI(;HTON. J.
"AIR POLLUTION - THF SPFr.TAL Il\lnIlSTRTIII. PROCFSSFS"
ROY SOC HFAI.TH .I. 19A7. R7. Nn. 4. ?1'5-1R
4070
OLSON. R.S.. TVETER. F.C.. SIIRLS. J.P.. SHAW. R.(;.
"METHOD OF PRO[)IICINr. HYDROr.F:N FUIORlnF Af\ln sn'.IJRTLIlFn
RERYLLIIIM"
11.5. 3.375.060. MARCH 19lif!
4072 AOZSIN. M.
IIAIR POLL liT ION ARATFMFNT IN THF r.FRhMTt. Tf\lnIISTRY II
J AIR POLLUTION r.ONTROL ASSN. ]9AA. lA. I\ln. A. 1":\?-,,:\
4073
RownEN. E.
IIFIRINr. IN THE HEAVY CLAY ANO RFFRAr.TO~TFS
(1950-19b4) "
J ARTT CERAM SOC. 1.9£>'5. iI. NO.1. 11Q-3A
T I\IOIISTR T F:S
4074 MORANA. 5..1.. SIMONS. r..F., FPSTFIN. A.. RI\Y. R.H.
IIPROCFSS FOR PRODIICTNr. Hlr.H PIIRITY RFRYI.I.TII/-I FI.IIORlnF"
II.S. 3.705,03'5. SFPT 7. 19li5
4075
KAR S TFN, H.
II[)IIST FXTRACTION
I N[)IIS TR V"
TONINO-ZIr. KERAM
FOR MAr.HINES liNn hPPARlITIIS IN THF r.FRAMTr.
RIINOSr.HAIJ, 19A5. R9. f\IOS.5-li. 110-1R
4076 SCHLE(;FL. H.
IIOUST REMOVAI- TN THF (;1.A5S ENAMH HI() r.FRlIMIr. TNnllSTRTFS "
r.LAS-FMATL-KERlIMO-TFCH. ]965. 16. NO.3. Rq-Q4
8..,35
-------
4()77
4()7!1
L,n7Q
L.(\Rn
L.()R]
I I" H M /\ t-l ~1. H.. I nr. H f' R. F. W . .
"I1F TFR M HIli T T nr--I f1F F '.lInR 1 ~IF
CI.Jt\lKFR 1I~ln nIISTS"
T n ~I 1 ~I 1,- 7 T r., - K F R /\ M R II ~m <; r. H III I .
SFFRIIr.H. H."".
T~I rFMHIT Tl\lnll<;TRV R/\I,/ MIITFPI/\I.<;
191',') .
RQ. Nns. ~-4. 4q-~4
I: I I F PST F ~I /\ I I . n. I,'.. '.11 I,. /I p. A. I. .
"r.I~TTTC/lL rnMPTI/lTI(l~1 rlF rFRIIMTr FnR""1T~Ir.. MFTHnns
r.H/\RfI(~TFR I7/1TTI11\I nF PIIPTJrIlLf\TF <;vSTFM<; "
""" rFRIlM snr. RIII.'-. 19A~. 44. I\Jn.~. ;:>nq-1~
I/T
r!IIFR. F.
"nll<;T RFMnllllL - A MI\,lnR Hvr.,FNTr PRnRI.F"" I~I THF r.FR/\Mlr jf\lnll<;TPY"
f-IiRn-rFRAtv\. 19A~. n. I\ln. R, ;:>"1',-73
,..,11 I F L L FR. F R II 1\1 7
"MFTHnn ANn MFIINS FnR JMPRnVTI\Ir..
F R n M K T I. ~I I,J /\ S T F r. 1\ SF S "
II. S. .~. J 1'>;:> .43 J. n Fr. ;:>;:>. 1 q A4
FI,Fr.TRTr PRFrTPTTlITJf1~1 nF nllST
I1. I\ln. '5. 10;:>-ln4
4nR? 7FISFL. H.r...
"FOIITPMFNT liNn MFTHnns II<;Fn TI\I AMFRTrlll\' rFMFI\IT wnRKS "
7FMFNT-KALK-r..IPS. lqA;:>. 1'). Nn. Q. ~q]-QR
4()R~ CHATKTN. S.W.. PARKS. T.n.. r..LASSRRnnK.
"I\PPARATIIS FnR FLlInRInF III\'IILVSIS "
II.S. ;:>.741.')44. APRTI. IO. Iq,)A
40RA
r. T .
HnLLTNr;swnRTH. r.!I.
"TRFflTMFNT nF PHnSPHIITF
(1II.(11IM ANn IIRIII\!TIIM".
II.S. 2,773,731'>. nFr 11.
RnCK Tn RFcnVFR PHnSPHnRllS FLllnR P-IF
1q~"
40R7 HIIRVFV. R.r...
"IIRI\I\IIIiM TF.TRIIFI.llnRTf1F "
II.S. ;:>.I'>RQ.16'). SFPT 14. 19'54
40RR
'~ORq
40q 0
rHAKRA\lARTV. P.R.. RMIFR,IFF, T.
"STllnTFS nl\1 THF FI.Fr.TRnLVTIr PRFPIIRIITTnN nF RFPVI.UIIM nXTnF
FA nM R FR VI. "
.J S r T 1 1\1 n R F SF 1\ R C H (T N n T II). 1 q ~ 4 . 1 ~ R, ~I n . q, A ;:> ') - 3 3
r.,',nss. f;.H.. r;Rnss. .I.H.
"PROCESS FOR PRnnll(TTnN nF SIIRSTAI\'TTAI,,-y
AMMnNIIiM STurnFI.IH1RInF FRnM nFN f;AS "
II.S. 2,7An,I);:>4, FFR ')'. 1ql)7
PHnSPHI\TF-FRFF
r..I, n S S, r... H .
"PRnCFSS FnR REenv snl. In Ud.CTIIM
cnLLnTnllL SILTCIl snl.IITTml FRnM II
snu ITl nf\I"
II.S. ?,7AO.'5;:>~. FFR '5. ]Q,)7
F 1.11 n R I n F r n 1\, T f1 T ~, T 1\, r.. p p n n MI n
WFlIK /lOIIFnIlS FI.llnSTI.Trrr. f1(Tn
4()ql r;Lnss. r,.H.. f;Rnss. .I.H.
"PRnnllr.TInt\1 OF FI.lfnqTI\IF r.nMPnll~,lns"
II.S. ;:>.7RO,')?;:>. FFR '). ]Q,)7
40q;:> MIIRK. J.R.
"snllRrFS nF ATR pnl.l,IITTnl\1 I.ITFRf1TIIRF "
T N n F r--I r.. r H F M. 1 q ') S. 4 7. 1\1 n. s. q 7 A - ~ 1
8~36
-------
4nQ4 SFARnR~. G.T.. RROWN. H.S.
"FI.llnRTNF PROr.FSS FnR SFPARIHTn~1 nF MIITFRTA1.S"
II.S. 2.R"1"1.A17. MbV A. 19')A
4 nq <; r. H A R R T ~I. \I.
"FI.llnR T ~IF"
CHIM f. INn. 19')4. 72. ~'n. 3. 524-2R
4n9A
RTFf\IFRT. b.
"F'.IInpSPAp PRFPIIRI\TTn~l: II SVNTHFTTr:
WbSTF: Fl.llnRSPbR RTCH I~1 SIUCII"
CHFM.ING TF:r.H, 14<:;7, 29, 7?l-2A
r.Rvnl. TTF FRnM r:Pllr)F 1If\1n
4nQ7
QIJF:VAII\lIL'-ER, A.
"INOIISTRUI. lJSES OF Fl.IIORINE bNn ITS OFRIVATT\lFS-nAN~FRS Tn
P FRS n N~' F L A ~I f) T H F S II R ROil ~I 0 IN r, S "
CHTM f. INf). (PIIRTS). 19')7, 77, Nn. 1. 41-<;7
4()qR GLnC:KF.R. E.M.
"A'-'IMINIIM FUIOR InF MA~IIIFIlr.TIIRF "
II.S. ;>.A4;>,42A. JIILV A. 195A
4n99 Mnr.KRIN, I., KNIIPP, W.J.
"POTASSIlJM-FLIIORINE (;I.ASSES"
lJ.S. 7,A40,4Rl, JllNE 74, lq5R
4101 TOLLF:Y. W.R.
"PROf)IICTION OF IJR~NTlJM-r.A'-CIIIM HIIORInF"
II.S. 2,RRO,05Q, MARCH 31, 1Q5Q
4103 ALLEN, n.R.
"PREPARATIC1~1 OF ALl!MINIIM FLllnRInF"
II.S. 7.,95R,575, NOV 1, 1960
4104 HANSFORn, R.C. .
" PRE PAR A T I C1 N [1 F R A SIC: M F T A I. F L IIn p T 0 F S"
. II.S. 2,959,557, NOV R, 1960
4105 MnCKRTN, I.
"PRnrilJC:TlON OF METAL FlIlORInES II
II.S. ;>,972,515, FER ;>1. 19A1
410A
FRAIIENOI ENST, H.
"CALCULATIONS ON FLIlORTnE-OPACIFTFn r,'-l>SSFS A~1n THF ,-nss OF
FllJORINF nIJRIN(; GLASSMFLTIN~ "
(;lAS EMAI'- KERAMO TFCH. ]9A], 17, Nn. A, ]94-9R. NO.7, 23R-42
4109 GERNES, D.r.., KIN(;, W.R.
"PRnOlICING AlIIMlf""M FUIORIOE "
11.5. 3,057,6R1. nCT Q. 19A2
4110 HINKLE. J.H~, JR. .
"AlI.JMINUM ANf) sonlllM IIUIMINIIM FUIORTnFS"
II . S. 3, 063 , 799, NO V 13, 196;> .
4111
RAElIMERT, P.A.F.
"ppnr.FSS OF PRnnlJ(TNG FI.llnRT~IF r.nMPnll~lns
FlllnRTNE-r.ONTAINlt\'~ MINFRALS FTr: "
II.S. 3,065.050, Nn\l ?O, 19A2
FRnM
4121 cnCHRAN, C.N., SLEEPY, W.C., FRANK,
"FUMES IN ALlJMINllM SMELTING"
J METALS, 1970, ;;1;>. ~IO. 9, 54-7
W. R.
8-37
-------
/,1;';> F:1~nMHFP. n.I,'.
" 1\1 F H \., /I Y T n H At\1 n I F 1\1 rJ 1\1 M " G 1\1 F T T r. T" r. mn T F "
fCf\fr, F. MTI\I .1. 1QAQ. 17(). 9?-97
1,17-:>' r\lrlf\IF
" H /\ 1\11\1 /\ M T I\IT f\I (; T 1\1 ,~ 1 1\1 ~I F <:; n T t\ "
Ff\Ir. F, I'vITf\I ,I. Nnv 19AR. 1A9. 9?-94
/,1 ? L.
f\1[l!\lF
""ITr'If\IF<:;nTII IITTUTY I-IfT<:; TIlr.nf\lTTF Rn"IMI7/\"
FI.Fr \,lnp.Ln. MAY 19(,R. 11'.9. 33
L, 1 ? "i T T T T M l\ 1\1. n. I,.J .' L F R T r. K. r.. E .
" T II UJ r-.I TT F R E N F FIe II T J n "I "
r.q[\1 r.nf\lG.I. APRIl. JQAR. <;4. ?A-7R+
I,J7A f\lnNF
"Tt\cnl\IITF PELLETS PIIT MFSARI RArK Tn l,.JnRK"
CHFM ~ FNG. Nnv 191'.7. 4<;. An-A4
4 J ? 7 F.IIII [\1 S. H.. Hli [\1 T. L. f\ .
"FFFFrT nF HAI\InUNG PRnrFnllRFS nt\1 r.REEN-RAI.'. PFI.'.FT nil AI. TTY"
MJN FNr.. MAY 191'.7. J9. 1'.1-1'.4
417R
f\lnf\IF
"NFW FRTE
Sr.R FENS"
Ff\Ir. f. MIN
TArnNITE FJ.nWSHEET IIPr.RllnF<; r:nf\Ir.FI\ITRlITFS WTTH FTII":
,I. APRIL 191'.7. 1AR. 11'5-J1R
4179
P F '- FIn FR. E. P.. S r n F T F I. n. .I .
"PRELIMINARY FrnNnMTr 1I1\1/\LYSTS nF
MII\INFsnTII T/\rn"/TTE "
MTN FNr.. SFPT 1967._19. 107-11?
T H F 1 INn F R r. R nil 1\1 [) M T r-.q 1\1 G n F
4131 FTNF. M.M.
"THE FlEI\IEFIrATION OF. IRnN nRFS "
srT AM FR. .IAN 196R. ?JR. Nn. 1. ?R-3<;
413? nFVANEY.F.n.
"THF rnl\ICENTRATIDN ANn PF'-'.FTT7HIr. nF TIlr.nl\11TF "
MI/l.IFR/\LS PRnC:ESSTI\Ir.. .llI/I./ 19"'7. R. Nn. 1. ??-?7
4133 nFVIINFY. F.n.
"THE c:nNC:ENTR/\TTnN ANn PFI.I.FTT7TNr. nF TIlr.nNTTF "
MIf\lFR/\lS PRnrF<;<;ING. Nnll 19AA. Nn. 11. ?4-,R
4134 nFVANFY. F.n.
"THF rnNrENTRI\TION A."1n PELI.ETT7T"Ir. nF TM~nl\ITTF "
MINFRAI. PRnr.ESSTNr.. OFr 19AA. 7. 1A-?,n
413'5
IIRTCH. n.M.
"PYROl.YST<; ANn Ar.r.LnMERATIn/l.1 TRFNns nnMTNATFn FlY PF,-,.FTT7T"Jr..:
ETC"
MTNINr. ENG. FER 1970. ?? Nn. ? TOR-TTn
4137 RAN. T.F.. VIOl.ETTA. n.c:.
"n-L M-I\I FW c:nMM ER r. I AI. I ROI\IM AK II\Ir. PRnr F S S"
IRON STFEL FNr.R. SEPT 19AR. 4<;. NO.9. 101-TT3
4139 MILLFR. ,I.A.
"PITCH HANnl.II\IG 1'" AI.I'MII\IIIM PRfTnIlr.T1n"I"
R F Y NO I. n S M FT A L S r: n M P 1\ 1\1 Y. P 3 1 '5 -'1 7 0
8-38
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"VTscnSITV STARTUTV nF RTNnFRS Fnp. SnnJ::.RRFRr:. J::I,"'r.TPf)l1FS "
C"RI~nf\1 nT\lT<:;fnN. r:.RFAT I.AKFS CARRrlf\! r.nppnPATrr1~1. p. ':\71-':\'.H1
4 1 4? M 1\ f\1 n L. p. H .
"SFPARATTnt\1 AN'n COI.'-Fr.TTnN nF r.ASFnl/S Min PI\RTTr.'rr,AT~ FI.I/flRlnFS"
RnVCF THnMPC;nl\l INSTITIITF FnR PI.At\IT RFC;FlIpr.H. nfCr. f.,-ll. lq7n
414~ WI\TIINARF. T.
" S 1/ S T I In T F S n t\1 P T T r. H F n R S n n F R R F R r:. 1\1\1 n n F S "
NTPPnf\1 LTGHT MFTIIL RFC;F/IRCH L/lRnp/\HIRv. ,1/\P"f\I. p. 'J,,)l-'n'J,
41 44 7. II'R R 7. V C K I. R. ,I .
"!lPPUC!lTTn"'S OF FLIITnT7.!lTION TO THF PRnnllr.nnf\1 nF
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L.)4'1 r.HFRRY. ,fnHN M. .
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"Cnt\ISTnFRI\T1n"'s nf\1 MonFR'" snnFRRFRr. r,FI,I.S \-ITTH IIFRTTU'I.
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4]47 SCIILLIFT. R.
"cnt\ISInFRIITTONS 0t\1 MonFRN CFU.S WITH PRFRI\KFn /\W1nFS "
PFCHTNFY CnMPIINY. FRIINCF. P. ?lg-??q
4]4R nFHLFR. R.F.
"I\IHJ IISPFCTS TI\I THF. r.nNSTRllr.TTON nF t\1.IIMTI\IIIM PI,t\I\ITS"
II Lli M T 1\111 M T 1\1 n II ST RTF -/I K T T F 1\1 -r. F SF L L S C H /I FT. S I., T T7. F R L /\ f\1 n. D. 7'J, q - ? 4 f.,
414q
FRr.I\. nLAV
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RFnflCTION nFLLS WTTH I/FRTTCi\L SPTKF snnFPRFPr. I\f\IIII)FS"
TFCHI\ITr.IIL \INI"FRSTTY nF NORWAY. p. r.1":\-qf.,
1\ I,ll fvl T 1\1111-"
4151
HFNRY. .J1lr.K t.
"/\ S.T"nv nF FI\r.TnRS flFFFr.TTI\Ir:. Fl.llnRTnF FMTSqnf\1 FRnlVi
I\MPFRF FXPFRIMFNT/\I. !lI,IIMII\IIIM PFnllr.TTI1I\I r.FI,'.' "
MFT/\LS nT\lISTnN RFSJ::/lRr.H. KATSFR AI.IIMTf\IIIM F. r:HFMTU,'.
P. (-'7-R 1
l() non
r:nRP..
4157 Sr.HMITT. H.
"THF FLIIROII\IF PRORI.FM Tt\1 i\1-"MTt\IIIM PIIlf\ITS "
AUIMJI\IIIM-HIJTTF RHFTI\IFFI.nFN. r,I=PMMIY. p. q7-1 rn
4]'13
MnnRF. R..J. .
"wIl\ln Mlln WFIITHF.R SIIMMARTFS Fnp CHFMTr.I\', PL"t\IT
pnl.lIlTT nl\l r.ni\lTR nL" .
SYMPnSIIIM nf\.1 AIR PrJU,lITTnN r.nf\ITRI11.. p. Q-14
!II" <; T I, 1\1 " 1\1 n II T P
4]')4
i\Nnt\IVMnIIS
"RFRY'-'.1IJM ANn RF.RY,-'. TIIM At,-nyS"
KIRK-OTTVMER FNr.y. nF (HFM. TF(HN.
4'50-474
?Nn Fn. 19A4. VOl.. ':\. P.
4155
1,/11.,-. .JnHN F.
"FLllnRIt\IF r.nMPOllt\lnS 1NnRr.IINIr."
KI~K-nTHMER. FNCY nF r:HF.M. TFr.HNnt..
P. f.,1n-A?"i
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,lflIlRl\llIi. nF THF !lIR pnl.l.IITlnf\I r.nf\ITPn,- "ssnCIIITHIf\I. APRIl 1Q70.
\lnL. ?O Nn. 4, ??A-?":I?
KINr." r-..H.
.'I 1\ II Tn 10111 T I r. " N 1\ L Y S I S I '" F F P T 1 U 7 F P P '. II f\1 T S "
r.HEMlr.IIL ANn PRnr.FSS FNr:INEFPINr:. M"V ]Q70, A?-A4
RPFI"'FR. R.F.
"FFFFCTS nF \lARlnIiS FL.llnRTf1F snIIPr.ES mo.l (TTRIIS r-.pnlHH ""If'
FRIlIT PRonllr:Tlnl\l "
FI\IV1Rnw..1ENTAL SCIFI\Ir:F F: TFCHf\lnLnr:v, I/n,-. :>, I\ln.4, ,~p1nl. ]QACJ.
37R-3R1
CHFI\Ir,. .IlIl. I E YF-O
"FLIIOROORr,ANIr: AClns- 1"-' snYRFA"-' LFAI/FS F)(pnSFn Tn FI.IIOPlnF .'I
Ef\I\lIRnf\IMENTAL SCIENCF liNn TFCH".JnI.nr.,y. ifni.. ? f\ln. '5, MIIY ]qAR,
:>'A7-370
cnCHRAf\I. C.M.
"FIIMFS 1"-1 AI.tJMINIiM
R FCnVFPY "
,lnIIRf\I/lI. nF MFTIII.S.
SMFI.TINr-.: CHFMTSTPY nF Fvnl.IITTrl'" ."i\If)
SFPT. ]Q7n. '54-<;7
41h4 PFARSnN. T.r...
"THEM CHFMICAI RACKr-.ROIiNO OF THF "I.IIMTI\IIIM Tf\If)IJSTPY .'I
RRITTS'H AUIMT"-IIIM cn.. P.1-10":l
41A'1 I\l\lnl\IYMnIIS
"II T THF R FAf1Y: NEW Rni ITF S Tn f.lynRnF IlInR T C /lr. Tn"
CHFMI(/IL WEEK. ,J/IN A. 1Q71. P. 47-4R
4]AA
YII. ".q f\1r-.-Hn
"r:t.S (HROMIlTOr-.RAPHlr. TnFI\IT1FTr.I\TTnf\1
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nF FlllnpnrlRr,IIf\ITr.
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41h7 WEST. PHILTP W.
"SPFCTROPHnTOMFTRlr. nFTFRM11\IIITTnN nF IITMnspHFRTr. FLllnRTnFS II
EN II I R n "-I. S C I. f. T F C H "-I n '- .. ,III NFl Q 7 O. \! n '-. 4 "'"l. A. 4 R 7 - 4 g 1
41hR KNAPP, LFSTFR '-.
"TR.FATMFI\JT OF r-.hSFSFllnl.IIEn T"-I Tf.lF PRnnIlCTTnl\1 nF i\I.IH~Tf\llIr"11I
II.S. ":I,')03,1R4. 31 MAR 1Q70
8-40
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41Aq
CF'.F"'7A. (;..1.
" n F Sf (; I\.iT '" (; AIR POL LilT T 0 "I r. 0 NT R 0 L S Y q 1= M S "
CHEMlr.AI. E"I(;INFFRI"I(; PRO(;RFSS. VOl.. AI'.. "In.
11-4()
1 1. "I n \I .
lQ7().
L'1 7 () R. FEn FR. r..
"IIMMONIIIM NITRATE TRFNDS "
r.HFMICIIL EN(;INEFRIN(; PRn(;RFSS, \lor.. 1'.4, Nn.~. MAY 1qA~. 4q-~~
4171 HTr.KFY. H.R.
"1I1.IIMT"IIiM RFIlIlr.TI Ol\! FFFI.IIFNT r.O"ITRnI. "
R F SO JlR r. F S P. F S F II R r. H. 11\1 r. .. A P P. i\ r. T r r. A ,. !=I P [ Fr... P. 1 -1 1
4177
OOYLF, HAROLD
"THF nOYLE SCRIJRRFR"
INIlIISTRI/lI. ANn F"I(;I"IFFRI"'f,
lq'57, r:,7-A7
CHFMISTRY. \101.. 4Q Nn. 17. [!Fr..
417~ HOYT, r.HARLFS
"AIR OIIALITY CONTROl. IN FLORTnll PHOSPHIITF I"'DIISTRY "
FLORIDA SECTION AIR POL'-'JTION r.ONTRnI. i\SSOr... Or.T. 7. 1qAR
Lt 174
MITCHFI.I., D.A.
"NP/NPK ,TOTALLY SOLIIRLF, COMPOII"ID FFRTTI.T7FRS IISTN(; "ITTRTr.
IICIn"
POWFR:(;AS r.ORPORATIO"1 I.TD, FN(;LANn
4]7'5
ROTHMIIN, CHARLES.
"ENf,INFERINf, CONTRnl. OF INnlfSTRIAL AIT POLLIITIfl"l: STATF OF THF
ART lQA6"
HFATINr" PIPIN(; ~ AIR r.oNnITIONINr" MARr.H 1QAA. p. ]41-14R
4176 HILLYER, JOHN r..
"REMOVAL OF Fl.lIORInFS FROM TNOIISTRTAL WASTE WilT FRS "
II.S. 2,q14,474,- 74 NOV. lq5q
4177
HI.LFR, A..I.
"SELECTION OF AIR POLLlJTION CONTROL FEOIITPMFNT "
FI.ORTnA FN(;TNI:ERTN(; ANn IN[)\lSTRTAL FXPFRTMF"'T STIlT ION.
X\I NO.Q, SFPT lQ61. PIIPER NO. 7nr:,
\/01. .
417R CROCKFR, R.R.
"MTNTMTZTN(; AIR POLI.IJTION r.ONTROI. COSTS"
CHEMICAL EN(;INEERIN(; PROf,RFSS, VOL. 1'.4. NO.4. APRIL 1QAR. 7Q-Rr:,
417q ANONYMOIIS
"FI_"ORInF C:ONTROI. AT (;FI\IFVA WORKS"
INTERMOII"ITATI\I INf)IIQRY A"ln MI"ITNr.. RF\lTFIA'. nEC 1qC:;7, P.77-7A
41RO
A ELL A C K, F R \I IN'
"FUJORI[)ATION r.HEMIC:III.S - THF SIIPPLY PTC:TIIRF "
JOURNAL AMERIr.AN WAlFR WORKS ASSOr.T/lTTON. 1/(11..
lQ70 .
1'.7 NO.4. /lPRII.
41Rl (;FRARn. (;ARY .
"EXTRACTIVE METALLlJR(;Y OF ALlJMINIIM "
T"'TFRSr.TFNr.F PIJRLISHFRS. \101.. 7.III.IIMTI\IIIM
41R2 SCHMITT, H.
"THF. FLIIORINE PRORLFM IN ALIIMT"IIiM PI.IINTS "
AUJMTI\IIIM-HIITTF RHFI"IFFLnF.I\I, (;FRMhI\IY. P. Q7-1 n~
8-41
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RI.IIF. n.n.
"PI\W MI\TFPJlII.S FrJP "IIIMTI\IIIM
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FN\lTPnI\IMFNTAL Ht=AI.TH St=R.Vlr.F. I\'I\THlf\IAI. I\IP pnl.l.IITInN r.nl\ITRfJl,
tln",,,r\I.. MAY 1~. 1q7()
I. li~ A IHI n 1\1 Y I" n I I S
"r.TtlI\IT FliMf r.ATCHFR. .STnpSFI.llnRTrlF FMISSIfH\.I"
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41A7
I~ 1 AR
4IRq
41 gO
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41q ;:>
41q-:>,
41q4
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i\t-1FRICI\N INnIISTR.II\L HyrdFNF AssnCIATTnl\1
1. .I A f\1- F F R 19 Aq, p. q <; -1 () 1
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S M F L TI f\1r. "
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Kt=RR, .lAMFS p.
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n F T H F J 1\1 T t= R I n R, R I I P F III I n F M J N F S . 1 q A". r I I) r. .
K F Y, W A I. L A r. F w.
"MINERALS FOR r.HFMIr.1I1
II.S. nFPAR.TMENT nF THF
1\, n. R ? 4 4
MI\NIIFA(TIIPII\Ir. "
T 1\1 T F R I n R, R I ) R F "" n F M T 1\' F S . ] CJ h <:', r: p~ r .
pnpnFF, C .c.
" 1\ 1\1 F \I A I.t J A TIn N
RFsnIlRr.F.S "
IJ.S. nFPARTMENT
RfPnRT A61]
nF THt= l"t=STFRI\1 PHnSPHI\TF II\lnIiSTRY "I\1f) ITS
nF THF TNTFRInR, RIIRt=1I1I nF MTf\tFC:;,
1QA'1,
L II X n f\1, S. (; .
"F,-"nRInF. F.MISSInN nIJRII\Ir.
INTFRNATlnNAL snr.IFTY FnR
APR.TL ]970, AI-A5
FIRI[\Ir. nF pnTTFPY If\1 r.nl\ITII\llInIIS KII,I\'<;"
FLllnRTnF RFSFIIPU~. IIn,.. ?, 1\11'1.7.
eRn S S, F . '. ., .I R .
"FLI1nRlnF IIPTAKF FRnM
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APR.IL lQ70, CJ7-QQ
r.YPSIlM pnl\lns "
FnR F1..llnRTnF RFSFtlprH.
II n ,,. '2, hi r I . ? .
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F"r.TnRY"
PHFRf\IIITInN"L snr.It=TY FnR FLllnRInF PFSFI\prH, Ilnl,. 1. ,lllt,Y
1 Q A A, 41 -4Q
8-42
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41 q <;
41q,;
41 q 7
41qR
41qq
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4?01
41'01'
M/H:nOt\16Ln. H.F.
"FI.IIORTnF AS flIR POU.IIT...t\IT "
It\ITFRt\It\TIONt.L SOnFTY FOR FLllnRInF
1 q,;q. 4-1?
RFSFARr.H. I/nl.. 2 t\ln.1. .''''1\1
KR Fr.HI\I[ AK, .1.
"FLIIORInF HAll\Rns I\MrIW~ wFLnFRS"
It\ITFRNATTnt\II\L SOCIFTY FOR FLIlORTnF
1 q,;q. 1 ':I -? 4
R F S F 1\ R r. H . Iln I.. ? Nil. 1. . 1 MI
M6cIICH. p.
"AIR. pn,-,.IITfnl\l RY F'.lInRTnF r.nMPOIII\InS I\IFI\R 1\(\1
TNTFRt\II\TInN61. SOr.IFTY FnR FLllnRTnF RFSr-I\Rr.H.
19';9. ?R-3?
I\1.!IMTt\IIIM FM:TrlPY"
I/nl..? I\ln.1. .1 A 1\1
COl. n M R T N I, M.
"nRSFRVATIOt\IS ON FLltnRTNF POLLIITTON
AI.I/MINIIM PI."'NT IN TRFNTINO"
It\ITI"Rt\16TTnt\IN"'L SOCIFTY FOR FLllORTnF
19';9, 4()-4R
nilF TO FMTssTnt\IS FRnM "'1\\
P F SF 6 P. r. H. \I n I. .? "I n . 1. .1 61\1
C R 0 S S , F. I. ., JR.
"FLllnRInF FMISSTONS FROM PHOSPH"'TF
INTF.RNATION"'L SOCTI:TY FOR FLIlORTnF
APRTL ]969, 97-105
PRnr.FSSTt\Ir:. PLANTS"
RFSFARr.H, \lnl.? Nn.?
CAVI\r:.I\IA. r,.
"FUlnRft\IF - CONTA'II\.ITN(; Tt\InIlSTRTAI. POI.'-'ITAI\ITS "
INTFRt\I/lTIONH S.nCIFTY FOR FLiJORInF DFSFARr.H. VOL.? "'0.4. Or.T
19 f>9, ? 1 4-??l
ROVAY, F.
"FFRTILIZFRS "
INTFRt\IATION6l
1969, ???-??R
SJlCIFTY FOR Fl.1lORInF RF<;FARr.H. \lnl..2 Nn.4, nr.T
C R 0 S S. F. I. ., .I R .
"HIGH FLUORIDE U:VELS HI A cnRIlS (;ROVF nilE TO A r;YPSIlM POl\ln
DYKF RRFAK"
INTERt\IATIONAl SOCTETY FOR FLIlORTnF RFSFARCH. VOI..3 1\10.1. .1"'1\1
1970, 27-30
4203 SIMONS. J.H.
"FUIOR T NF CHEM I STRY"
ACAnFMIC PRFSS INC.. PIIR. 1950. 1/111... 1. A15 PP.
4?OR SIN(;MASTFR ANn RRFYFR
"F.N(;It\IFFRTf\I(; ANn FCONOMTC STliny OF FMT<;STnN r.nt\ITRnL"
SIN(;MASTER ANn BRFYFR. Tf\.lTFRTM RFPnRT. 197(). ':I() PP
42?:1 ANONYMOIIS
"AT THE REAfW: NEW ROIIHS TO HynROFLlInRIC A(In "
C HEM T C A L W F F K. n ., A t\/ 1 9 7]. ? p
42?5
4?31
VAR(;A. .1.. .IR.. PRTNr.TPAI. TNVF.STI(;ATOR
"SYSTFMS ANALYSIS STIJf1Y OF THE INTFr,RATFn IRON Af\ln STFFI.
TNnIlSTRY. CONTRAr.T t\tn. PH2?-6R-';<;"
nTVISION OF PROCESS r.ONTROl ENr,INFFRINr,.NAPCA.15 MAY 19';9
MCC"'NN, C,R.
"NDeX) FMISSTONS liT LnW FXCFSS - AIR IF\lFLS TN PIILVERTlFn-r.nIlL
COMRIIST I o t\1 "
AMFRICAN SOCIFTY DF MFCH"''''TCAL FNr,TI\IF.FRS. 7()-W6/6PC-3. A Aile;
70, 9 P
8-43
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IIIIIPRA/0I1F.ST TnlllS "'I\ln III\ISI./FRS"
THF na liNn r.IIS .lnIlRI\llIt. ?? FFR 71. PP. A"-71
L,741
RFSHFIIRFS. R.I..
"PFRsnl\llIL r.nMMIJt-.1 ICIIT Inl\I"
IJt-.II\lFRSAL nIL PRnnlJr.TS cn.. WFSTERN SFP\llrF n1STRI(T. A MIIY 71
474~ KTRK. nT~MFR
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CHFMIClIl. EI\Ir;INFFRINr... 1R .1111\" AC;. PP. q7-94
SHRFVF. R.N.
"r.HFMICI\I. PRnCFSS IIII()IISTRIFS "
(HFMlr:lII. PRnr:FSS INnilSTRIFS. ,Rn Fn.. 19(,,7. Mr,r..Rt\H-HTI.I,
f\lFW ynRK
r. n. .
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8-44
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4 '? <; () F f\ R 1 "I. p.
1It\1.IIM1"IIIM. PROF11.F OF ""I INnIlSTRY"
M F T t\ L S W F F K. M r. r. R t\ H H 1 I. I. I "I r. ., 1 q A q
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IIPERSOl\IAL r.nMMIJI\ITr.ATIfll\11I
FFR Iq71
4;>5'5 KIRK. OTHMER
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I '" T FRS C I EN r. F P tJ R I. ISH FRS, '" F W v 0 R K, 1 g (-.", 1/ n'.. 1 ()
4'?'30 TRW SYSTEMS GROIIP
IIr.LlISS FIJRNilCF FM I SS IOl\IS ARATFMFf\lT "
E!\IGJNFFRJ!\Ir. STllfJY PRnr.RAM, MARCH Iq7j
4;>')7 KIRK, nTHMFR
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I"'TF.RSCIF."'f.F. PIIRUSHI7RS. /lIF'" YORK. ]QA". 1/01.. P
'4;>'3R
WFYL, W.A. .
"FUIOR I"'E r:OMPrull\lnS TI\' r.1.ASS TFf.HI\10Lnr.Y hl\1n r:FRI\MIr.S "
F'-IIORINE CHF.MISTRY. VO'.. I. STMn"'s. ,I.H., F.n.. f\lF'4 ynRK.
ACAnF.MTC PRFSS. Iq5(). P. 5')R '
4~'3q GAITH. W.'-.
"T"'f)flSTRTA,- CHEMIf.t\I.S"
.I. WILFY A!\ln SONS INr... 3Rn Fn.. ]<.)0'
4;:161 TRIoI SYSTF.MS r,ROIIP
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DEPT OF H.F..W.. CONTRACT 1\10. ?;>-oq-Ijq
4?h?
MANIIFACTIIRING r.HF.MISTS ASSOr..
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MANIIFACTIIR F"
PIIP>UC HEALTH SF,R\lTCF.' nF.PT OF HF.t\LTH Fnllr.I\TTnN ANn W17/.FARF.
APR 7C1
4;>63 RIXRY, n.w~ .
IIPH.oSPHATE FERTIU7FRS: PRnPFRTTFS 111\1[) PRnr.FSC;F<; 11
THE SULFUR INSTITIITF. TF.CHI\IIr.AL RIILLFTTI\' "'n. R, 110 nh
4704 SPFALMAN, M.L~
"PERSONAL cnMMIINICATTn"J"
MAR 71
4;>", II 1\1 0 I\1Y MOilS
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11.5. nF.PT nF Ar.R Ir.IIL TIIRF ANn TFNI\'FS".FF VhLLFY IIIITHnR TTY
8-45
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"PHnSPHI\TF Rnr:K"
PRFPRTf\IT FRnM 1qAq RIIRFIIII
\..'IISHHIr,TnN. n.r... 1Q30
n F M T t\1 F S M T ~I F R 1\ I. S Y F II R R n n K .
4/7L. nTRFCTnR nF CHFMIr.AL PRnnllr.FRS
" t\lnNF"
STAt\IFnRn RFSf.ARr.H If\ISTITIJTF. MFNLn PARK. r.AI.TF.. 197()
477') Af\lmIYMI.11IS
"nIRFr.TnRY nF PWf\1 Mln STFFL wnRKS nF THF IISh Mil) r.6f\ll\nll "
td4FRTr./lt\1 IRnt\1 /11\11) STFFI. INSTTTIiTF. \.1I1SHTI\I(:H11\1, n.r.., 1970
/+77 A
4777
r,RFAT
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( P4R)
RRITtdt\1
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ANn R<;P; 1\1\11\lIlhl. RFPrJRT (1q4Qj
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ANnt\IYMnIIS .
"r.FMFt\IT AI\ln STRIIr.TIIRI\I. r.LAY PRnnllr.TS "
I I. S. n F P T n F r. n M M F R r. F I Q f-, 7 r. F f\1 S liS n F M Mil 'F /I r. T I I P F P S .
Mr.67(7}-3?R. WIISHTNr,TnN. n.r... 1Q70
4 7 7 R Y n 111\1 r:. \". H .
"r.nhl.-RTTIlMINfliIS ANn I.TGf\IJTF MT~.IFR/!'.:S YFIIRPf1l1!< 1Q(,R"
RIIREAII nF MINES. \In I.. 1-11. \.JASHTI\IGTrl~l. n.r... lCJ{,q
477Q II I\lnf\IY t4nll S
"r.nf\ITRnl TF(H1\IIOIIFS FnR FI.llnrnnF EMTSSTfl~IS (nR/lFT r.npy)"
nFPIIRTMEI\IT nF HFI\LTH. Fill 1r.1\T 1nl\I /11\111 \,'FI_FflRF. SH'T 7()
8-46
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4?RO Al\lfll\lYMnllS
"pnRr:FLAIN FNAMFL TNC\TTTIITF"
pnRr:FI.ATN FNAMFI. TNSTITIJTE, TI\Ir... WASHnl(~Tnr,l. fl.r... 1Qf.,Q
4?P1 nnllr.I.AS. H.
"r.n"L"
SRT. MIIY A7
4 ? R? I.. ~ F. ". A .
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TRI,.I SYSTFMS r.pnjlP. MAY f.,7
4?R 3 /lNnNYMnllS
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Tl\lTFRNATInNAL SYSTFf04S OFc:;yr.N. Tt-.'r.,. .11It-.'F 7('\ - f~"V 71
1..?R4 SIR
"".S, Fl.FCTRTr: POWFR .Tf\JnIlSTRY"
M/lY (,7. RFPnRT Nn. ":\?1
4?A'i K INr., .W.R.
"PFRsnNAL cnMMIiNICATTnt-.I" .
ENVIRONMFNTAL PRnTFCTTnN Ar.FNr.V.MAV 71
4?Ao RnVARNICK. R,
"IMPACT OF CHANr.ES TM STEFLMAKTMr. TFr.H~lnl.nr.v II
ARTHIIR n, LTTTLF. TNr.,. Nnv oQ.
4?A7 HIIRn, D, A,
"STFEL II
SRI R~pnRT NO.lq2, DFC 03
4?AR SEMRAII, K. .
"AIR POLlIITTnN ~nNTRnL "
SRI .RFPnRT Nn..-31)":\.; Allr. I)A
4;:1Aq LFVY, Y.
"ALIIMINIIM: PAST ANn.FIITIIRF "
FEnER~~ RESERVE AA~K OF SAN FRANr.Isr.n. 1q71
4;:1qn
RROWN, M.S.
"PRlJnIlCTION,
THE"
R.A, Pf'AFr.FR
MARKETINr.. AND CONSllMPTTnM nF r.npPFR ANn AI.IIMTt\IIIM,
cnMPANY. lQoA
4i'Q 1 ANnNYMOIIS .
"MINFRAL FACTS ANn PRnRLFMS"
RlIREAII OF MINES, II,S. nFPT nF INTFRTnR. 1Qo'i Fn.. PP. ??7-?40
4;?Q7..HURD, n.A.
"CEMENT"
STANFORD RESEARCH INST TTIITF, MAY (1)
4?q 3 ANnNYMOUS
"MINERAL FAr:TS ANn PAnRLFMS"
II,S, DEPT nF INTFRInR. RIIREAII nF MTNFS. 1Q"C:; Fn,. PP. ?O?-?O":\
. 42q4 PRIIITT. E.~.
"II,S, PETlltnlF-IIM INnllSTRY "
STANFnRD RFSEARCHINSTITIITF. Nnv 04
47.q c:; ANnNYMOUS
"ANNIIA!. REFININr. SIIRVEY"
THE nIl. ANn GAS ,JnIlRNAL. MAR 71
8-47
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4;:19 R
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[IF THF IINHFO STATFS"
nFPT~ IJF HEALTH. Fnllr:IITTnN ANn WEJ.FARE. IIPpF;Nnlx F. MIIR 7n
I, ;:I q C) III. '. F ~I . R. I. .
" r FRS n N /I L r. n M M II N I C to T Hll\l"
PRI. TRI.j SYST~MS r.RnIIP. APRIl. 71
I. .--Inn
T()TFRA. R.S.
IIPI\RAMFTERS WHIr.H II\IFIIIFI\Ir.F FLllnRInF FMTSSTnNS Fp.nM fWD SliM
pnHns "
1I~IT\lFRSITY nF FL.IlRTnA. MAR 7n
l, 301 IIPcn-MSA
"STACK SAMPLINr. STllnTFS"
/lPCn-MSA. ]96~-lq7n
~~O;:l ARERf\tFTHY. R.F.
"MFTHnn FnR nF.TF.RMINATlnl\l nF FI.llnRTNF TN r.nl\l."
RIIREAII nF MINES. I'.S~ nFPT nF TI\ITFRTnR. LoJASHT",r,TnI\l.
11.r... lQA7
~3n-:l,
CAPLAN. K..f. .
"WFT r:nLlFr.TnRS ANn ARsnRRTInN nF r,ASFS"
flIR pnLlIlTInNMANIIALI PART IT r.nNTPnl. FnIITPMFI\IT.
CH. q. AMERICAN TNnllSTRTIIL Hyr;IENF Assnr.. 19hR
r.H. A Min'
~3()4 TnMtoNY
"AIR pnU.YTION RY MFr.HIIl\iICAL MFTHnns "
Il\lnllSTPUL WASTE nispnSIlL. REH'HnI.O PIIRLTSHII\Ir. r.n.. lQf,R
4 3() I) 1\ I\lnl\lYMnl JS
"PRELIMINARY REStJl.TS nF THF AI.IIMTNIIM II\InIiSTRY STliny"
SINr.MASTFR~RRFYFR
43nA AFRnTFr.
"WET Sr.R,lJRRF.RS 11\1 THF PHnSPHATF FFRTTI.T7FR Tf\tnIISTRIFS"
II FR n T F. C I Nnll S T R I F. S. r, R FEN W I r. H. r: r 1 "11\1
4307
RnSSANo, A.T.
"RECENT OEVElnPMENTS IN THFr.nNTRnL nF /lIR pnLI.IITTnN
PRIMARY A!.IIMINIIM SMF.LTFRS T",1 THE I'.S."
SFcnNnINTERNATIONAI. r.I.EAN AIR cnNr.RFSS. WIISi-fTNr,TnN.
A-II nFC 7n .
FRnM
n.r...
430R KEENAN. R.r..
"INnIlSTRIAL Hyr.IENF AI\In TnXIr.nI.nr,y"
vnl. /6. PP. /41.1944
430q nnERsr.HIIK, v.c.
"FLFr.TRnlYTIC PRnnllr.TTON OF AI.I/MJNIIM "
CANAniAN PATENT 613,3';7 ('IAN All
8-48
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4~10
RVSS, T.r,.
"THFMISTRV nF FLllnRTNF Mln ITS TI\lnI~r.."r\ITr. r.nMpnll~lns"
S TfI TF P II R I.T S H T 1\, r, H r 111 SF F n R S r. T F N T T F T r., TF r: H I\IT r. II L, ANn
r.HJ::MTr."L I.JTERATIIRF. Mnsr.nw. 19')1,. I\Fr. TR ?\9?7. PART']
r. ? II.S.
4 ~ 1) w T 1- L A R n. H. H.
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\Int. "i. 19::\'3. P. 7
4~1? WIlLI\Rn. H.H.
"ANAL. r.HEM. II
ANAL'. r.HFM. ,vnL ?? 19"i0. P. 1190
431::\ SHIIFV. r,.A.
"nFFlr.IAL'Ar,R. CHFMISTS"
.I. Assnc. nFFlr.IAL Ar,R. CHFMISTS. vnL. lR. 1q~"i. P. 1"iA
4314 REVNnLns, n.5.
"nFFICIAL I\r.R. CHFMISTS"
.1. A5SOI':. OFFICIAL At;R. r.HF.MISTS. \lnr. lR. 1R,,\"i. P. lOR
'4'31"1 ARM5TRnNr., w.n. ,
"INn liST RIAL ENr.INFFRINr. r:HFMIr:A'- ANA'-VSIS"
1I\ln. FNr,. r:HEM. ANAL. Fn., vnl. ,R. 19~A. P. ~R4
4311, I\IIFLSFN. .I.P. ,
"AM A ARr:H. INn. HYG. ANn ncr.IIP. MFn. "
1 N n A M A ARC H. TN n ~ H V r,'. ANn n C CliP. M F n .. VOL 11. 1 9') '). p. 1-.1
4317 NEWMAN. A.c.n.
"ANAL. CHFM. ACTA. "
ANAL. CHFM. ACTA., VOL 19, 19')R. p. 471
431A ZIPHIN, I.
"ANAL~ r.HEM. IU
ANAl. CHEM.. VOL 7.9.191)7. PP. ~10
4319 NIELSEN. H.M.
"ANAL. (HFM. "
ANAL. CHEM., VOL 30, 19"iA, P. 1004'
437.0 SII\Ir,FR, L.
"ANAL. r.HEM. "
ANAL. CHFM.. vnl 26, 19"i4, p. 904
437.1 HAtL. R..J.
"ANALYST II
ANALYST, VOl~ 6~, 1963. P. 76
4322 AtCOCK. N.W.
"ANAL. CHEM. II
ANAL. CHEM.. VOL 40. r9AA. p. 1397
437.3 TAVFS. n.R.
"ANAL. CHFM. "
ANAL. CHFM.. VOL 40. 19AR. p. '04
4324 TAVFS. n.R.
"TALANTA "
TAtANTA. VOl. 15. 19AA. P. 9A9
43?5 TIISL. .1.
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AI\IAL. CHFM.. VO'- 41. 191,9. P. 31)?
8-49
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TIII.M1TII. IInl. A. 19f,1. PP. HA':\.-A7()
1.-~7~~
p.llrlKn. 11.1(.
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4'1,'),1 IIn"MS. n.F.
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flt-.IAI.. r.HFM.. vnl. ':\? 19An. PP. nl?-B1A
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"F '" V. Sr.I. ANn T F r. HI\lfl '- . "
FNV. sr.T. AND TFCHNnl.~ \lnl 4. 197n. PP. ~R7-4Q1 .
4'J,'),':\ wTllflRn. H.H.
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1If\IAl. CHFM.. vnl ?4. TQ"i? PP.. AA?-AAe;
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4'),'),<=; FRANT. M.S.
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S£:IL.. VOL 154. 19M,. P~ 155':\
4':\3A S£:HlILTZ. F.A.
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fiNAL. CHFM.. \lOl 43. TQ71. p.'5n?
4'),'),7 RAIIMAf\IN. F.W.
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ANAL. CHIM. ACTA.. \In!. 4? lqAR. PP. 1?7-13;>
433R nIlRST. R.A.
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ANAL. CHFM.. vnl ,:\q. lQf,7. PP. 14R3-14A"i
43':\9 \lANnFRRnRr..H. N.F.
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T A U\ 1\1 T 1\. \I n '-. I '5 .
lQAA. PP. lnng-In1':\
4,:\4n RRlITn"'. l.r...
"ANAL. £:HFM. "
ANAL. £:HFM.. VOL 43. 1'171. P. "i7Q
~.
8-50
-------
4~41 KlnCKnw. D.
"j\~II\L. f:HFM. "
ANtlL. f:HFM.. VOl. 4? ]Q70. P. 1 AR?
414? RFVII. fl..
"/INAL. CHFM. Ar.TA. "
ANAL. f:HFM. ACTA.. VOL 41. 196R. P. ?4,
4~4~ CIIRMIf:HAFl. I.
"III\I/ILYST"
HIALYST. vnl q4. 1Q6Q. P. 717
4144 ANONYMOUS
"RRITJSH PATENT"
RRITJSH PATENT. 1.156.915. 10 ,!IllY A5
4345 KOSTA. l. .
"ANAL. CHEM. "
ANAL. CH~M.. VOL 42. lQ70. p. R31
4~46 CURRAN. D.J.
" A N 1\ L. C H F:M. "
ANAL. CHEM.. VOL 40. lQ6A. P. ?A7
4347 O'DnNNFLL. T.A.
" A N 1\ L. C H EM. "
ANAL. CHEM.. VOLL33. 1961. P. 337
434R PAPPAS. W.S.
"AI\IAL.. CHEM. ".
ANAL. CHEM.. VOL 40. lQ6R. P. 217R.
4349 KNIr,HT. H.S.
"ANAL. f:HFM. "
ANAL. f:HFM.. VOL 30. 19,A. P. ?030
4350 HANST. P.l.
"APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY"
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY, VOL 24. lQ70. P. tAl
4351 ADAMS, D.F.
"MEETJNr. OF INSTRIJMENT SOCIETY OF AMFRICA"
INSTRtlMENT SOCIETY OF AMERICA. NW ynRK. SFPT 19%
4353 C l A IJ S S. ,I. K .
"STlJDY OF FUJORF:SCENT TAPE SF:NSTTIVF Tn HYf)R.nr,FI\1 FLllnRTDF"
D . R . C. R E PO R T, Sf AN FOR D RES F. A R f: H T 1\1 S T T TilT F, M 1\ Y I Q 5 7
4354 Llf,HT, T.S.
"INDUSTRIAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL WTTH H1N SEU:r.TTVE Ef.Fr.TRnnF"
NBS SP-314
4355
MCCIINF .
"nr\! THE ESTARLISHMENT OF AIR .0IlAI. ITY r:RTTFRI A. l41TH RFFFR~I\If:E
TO THF FFFEf:TS OF ATMOSPHF:RIC .FI.IIORTNF TN IIFr..FTIITTnl\I"
AIR CJIIALITY MONOf,RAPH #;169-4. AMF:RIr.AN PETROI.FIIM TNST1TIITF.
N . Y ., 1 Q 69
4356
SHOPE. .1.1..
"FlIlOROSIS OF LlvF.STOr.K"
AIR OIlALITY MONOGRAPH #;I 6Q-4,
N. Y.. 1 Q 6Q
AMFRlf:AI\I PFTROLFIIM INSTTTIlTF.
8-51
-------
l. ~"7
I, ~ <)1<
L..~<;c)
1.-:>'';0
n t\1 TAR I n P R n II 1 ~I r. F. r. A 1\1 A n A
"1)f-.pnRT nF. THF PI 11-'.1 IT Tnt\1 nF hTR. I.JATFR ANn <;nTI. Tf\1 TI-1FC
H1\-.!I"<:;HIP<; nF r)II~If\I. Mfllll.Tnf\l. I\ND <;HFRRRnnKF. HAI.nIMAf\II', r.11IIhITV"
F R II ~I K F n r, r,. f.) II f F '" I <; P R nl T FR. Tn R n "I Tn. 1 Q A I<
C "'vIPR FI.I.,
"FI.llflRlnF
KFTTFPI~Ir,
lq7n
1 . I~ .
ARSTR/lCT<:;: MII\lnf\II\TFD RTRI.Tnr,Rt\PHY"
'.ARIlRIITnRY. II"'TVFRSTTY OF r.T~Ir.TIlIf\IATT.
r. T f\1 C T f\Ir,\ II T T .
PHILLIPS. P.H.
"FI.llnRnSTS PRrJRI.FrJ1 TN I.TIIFSTnr.K PRnDllr.TTnf\1 A Ri=pnRT (IF TI.H':
U1MM1TTFF nf\1 hf\IjMAI. f\IIITRTTTnN" .
1-1 II T Trl f\1 A I. II r. II D F M V n F S r. T F f\1 r. F S - "'II TT n "ltl!. R F S F II R r. H r. nt I f\1 r. T I
P II R I. T r. 1\ T T n f\1 f\1 n. R ? I... \-.1/1<:; H HI r.. T n N . D . r. . . 1 q A n
7TMMF1~MAN. P.W.
" T M P II R T T T F S r 1\1 II T R II 1\1 D T H FIR T f\1 F '. II F t\I(~ F n 1\1 P '. flf\1 T
P R n r. F F D T "I (; S n F T H F F T R S T f\1 II T T n f\1 A I. A T R P n I. LIlT T nf\1
II n '. 1 q 4 q, P P . 1 "I I) - 1 L.. 1. PAS II n F 1\111, 1 Q') ()
'. T F F "
SVMPrlS Il1lvl.
4"1,;1 HflRRS. r..S. .
" F U In R n Sf S T '" r. 1\ T T L F !\III D S H F F P "
RIIJ.LFTII\I Nn. ?3'). III\ITI/FR<:;jTY flF TFI\I"'FS<;FF
FXPFRTMFNT STATlnN. KNnxIITLLF. lq,)4
43A?
1,3(-,3
4'1,(-,4
43AI)
43AA
4"1A7
4?,AR
t\r,R Tr.III. TIIRIII.
(;PFF"'. H.H.
" /I f\1 nil T R R F II K n F T 1\1 f) II S T R T II I. F '.11 n R n c:; T <:; T f\1 r. 1\ T T I. F "
PRnr.FFnTI\I(; nF THF RnVIII. <:;nr.TFTY fIF.MFDrr.TNF. vnl...
7Ql)-7QA. lQ4A .
3A. PD.
SAVARli. R.S.
"FFFFr.TS nF ATRRnR"IF FLllnRrr1FS nN r.HTI.nRF'" !.TVTNr, nN SAIlIITF
ISLAND"
,J. lIM. DENTlii. lIssnr... vnt. 4Q. PP. 3Q-41). .IIII.Y lQ,)4
lI(;lITF. .I.A.
"TNDIISTRIAL FI.llnRnSTS. A STIIDVOF THF
A"ITMAI.S NEAR FT. WTI.I.TAM. sr.nTLAf\lfl"
MFflTU>I. RFSFIIRr.H r.nIlNr.TI. MFM. Nn. n.
I. nl\H)nf\l. 1 Q 4Q
HA7ARn Tn MAN /lND
H.M. STlITTnNFRY nFFTr.F.
MIIRRAV. M.M.
"Fl.llnRTII1F HAZARDS WITH SPFr.Tt\1. RFFFPFIlIr.F
r.nl\ISFClIIFNr:E<:; nF Tf\IDIISTP T AI. pRnr.FS<;F<:; "
LflN(FT. vnl.. ? pP. R?1-R?4. lq4A
Tn snMF snr.TIII.
SPFDFR. E. .
"RnF="IT(;FNn(;RAPHTr. STII.nV nF O<:;SFnIlS I.Fc;rOIlIS nF DAPMnliS nR
FLllnRnSTS nF PHnSPHATF RFr,InNS nF MnRnr.r.n "
.JflIIRNAI. OF RAOTnl.OGTF FT O'F'.Fr.TRnl.nr,TF. vn'. ?0. DD. l1A-]??
1 q::\1'>
SC:HMIDT. H.W.
"snMF PRnRLt=MS TN IISTN(; FI.llnRTI\IF T"IRnr.KFT SY<;TFMS,
PRnC:F.EflIN(;S OF THE ppnPFI.I.A"IT THFRMnDYf\lflMTr.S Allin H/If\IJ1I.1f\1r, r.n~IFFII
SPF:r.rAI- RPT 12. PP. lA::\-?O? F"Ir..Tf\IFFDTf\Ir: FXPFRTlvIFf\IT C:;T/lTTn~l.
nHTn STflTF lINTVFRSlTV. r.nLlIMRIlS. lQAO
\-.IALDRnTT. (;.1..
IIFf.llnRTDF TN C:LTf\iTC:AI. MFnrr:TIIIF "
rNTFRNATrONAL t\RrHTIIFS nF IILI.FRr,y
SIIPPLFMFf\IT 1 Tn vnl. ?O. lQA?
Allin 6PPLTFn TMMII"'nl.nr,y.
8-52
-------
4~AQ MnHAMFn. A.H.
"!":YTO(;ENIC FFFE!":T~ OF HynRor;FFI\I FtilORTnF TRFIITMFI\IT OF TOMATO
PI. ANTS"
JAPCII. vn,-. IA. PP. 1Q<;-39A. ,!lINF 1QAA
417n
!":Hnl. AK. ,I.
"CIJRRFI\IT INFORMATION ON THF OIJANTTTTFS OF FI.1/nRTnF TI\I IITR.
Fnnn. ANn WATER"
AMA ARCH. INn. HFA'-TH. VOL '1. PP. 11'-~1~. APR 196n
4171 II.~. nFPT nF HFIII.TH. FnllCATIOl\1 Ar-.In WF,-FAPF
"AIR pnLLlJTrnNMEA~I/RFMENT OF THE I\IATTnl\llI'- ATR-SIIMPUI\Ir; .
1\1 E TW n R K. A N A L Y S ISO F S Y S PEN n F 0 .p II R TT !": 1/ 1- AT F S r. 0'-'- F C TEn 1953 -1 q <; 7"
XIIRLTC HFAI.TH SFRVTCE PIIAUf:ATTON NO. A~7. 195A
437? (;MF.L I N
"HANnAOOK OF INnRr;ANlr. f:HFMTSTRY "
VERLA(; !":HEMIE. WFINHFTM/AER(;STRASSE. (;FRMANY. ~TH En.. 1Q<;9
43B ANONYMOIIS
"HANOAClOK nF CHEMISTRY ANO PHYSTC~ "
CHFMICAL RIIARER CO.. 45TH Fn.. 19A4-19A~
4174
LINKE. W.F.
"~OLIIAILTTIES OF INnR(;ANIC
AMERICAN CHEMICA'- SOCIFTY.
19A5
ANn MFT AI. OR r;AI\I r.OMPOIIl\lnS "
W4SHIN(;TON. n.r... 4TH EI1.. VO'-. ,.
4375 MATHE~ON .
"MATHE~nN ~AS DATA AonK"
MATHEsnN OF CANAnA LTn.. ONTARIO. 4TH Fn.. 19A6
437A PERRY, R.H.
"CHEMICAL EN~INf.:ER~ HANI1AOOK "
MC~RAW HILL CO.. 4TH FO.. 1963
4377
SEInELL. A.
"SOUIAILTTTES
11.5. NATIONAL
NFW YORK. 3RI1
OF INnR(;ANIC ANn METAL-OR(;ANIC r.OMPOIINns "
IN~TTTIJTE OF HEALTH, n. VAN NOSTRANI1 CO.. INC..
EI1.. VOL 1. 1940 . .
437A KING. W.R.
"FATE OF FLIIORINE IN COAL UPON COMAIISrrON"
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTInN A(;FNCY
4379 SAR(;EI\IT. (;ORDON n.
"n1l5T COL'-ECTION EClIITPMENT "
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. VOL. 7A. NO. '1. "ANltARY n. 196Q. PP.
130-150
43AO
NATlOI\IAL AIR POL'-"TION CONTROl. AnM.TI\ITSTRATTON
"NATIONAL FMISSION~TANI1ARO~ STllnY II
NATJnN~L AIR POLLUTTON CONTROL AOMINISTRATION.
1. MAR 1970 .
APPENDTX. VOL.
43Al MORI. M.
"PRESENTED AT THE 64TH ANNIIAl MFFTTN(; OF THF AIT POL '-liT 101\1
cnNTROL ASSOC 1 AT ION "
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ASSOCIATTON. AT'-AI\ITTC r.ny. NEW JFRSFY.
JUNE 22-JIJLY 7..1971
43A2 ANONYMOIIS
"STEAM-ELECTRIC PLANT FACTORS"
NATIONAL COAL ASSOCIATION. W~SHIN(;TON.
n.!":..
1970 EO.
8-53
-------
/.', P ":>,
~npPFP. HFPRFRT
"MnnFR1\1 r.nST-Ff\I(~It\lFFR 11\1r.. TFr.H"ITnIIFS"
~1C r. R 1\ \.' HI'.',. 1\1 F I...) V I) R K. 1 q 7 ()
/, ',p L.
SHIH. r..r..
"I\PPI.lr.I\HTi.TTV f1F rlQr..I\1\I1r. sm,Tns Tn TI.1I= nFliFI.nPMF"IT nr- f\11:l/
TFr.H"qnIlFS FOR RFMIl\Ill\lr.. nXlnFS nF SIII.FIIR FPIIM I=I,IIF r,""FS"
TQ\., RFPnRT t\lnL 1 ()hhq-hnll-Rn-Iln. PRFPIIRr:::n Ff1R 1\'IIPr." III.II)FD
r.nNTRI\r.T PH ??-hR-4h. APRIL 1q7n
t.":>, P <;
F 1\1 V I R (11\1 M F 1\1 T 1\ I. F "-I r, I 1\1 F F P I (\/(~. I 1\1 r. .
IIRII[K(;RnIJi\,ln 1"-!FORMIITlnl\l FOR FSTI\R'.ISHMFI\IT nr::: f\1I\Tlfll\l/\l.
S T 1\ 1\1 n 1\ R n S n F P F R F n R M "1\1 r. F FOR 1\1 F W S n II R r. F S (n P /\ F T ) " .
F 1\1 Ii I R n 1\1 M F N TAL F= N r., T '" F F R T t\I (; . T N r. . 1 C; Mil R r: H . 1 q 7 1. r.. /\ 1 1\1 i= S 1/ T " II=- .
FUlP T nA
(, '" RAP F T FRS. M. S.
lip ,. ANT nFST(;"1 II"-In Fr:nl\lnMTFS Fnp r.HFMlr:III, FI\ir..TI\IFFpS"
r,l r: r.. R 1\ H '-I I '. '. . 1 q h A
4~R7 SI\R,r..FNT. (;.n.
"nIiST r.nLl.Fr.TTNr. F()IIIPMFI\IT"
[HFMIr:I\I. FNr.INFFRTI\I(;. lqhq
4~RR RI\Rr.nr:K ANn WTLcnx r:nMPIINV
" I I S F F' II. T J\ 1'1 L F S F n R F '" r, I 1\1 F FRS J\ 1\1 n S T F A M II S FRS"
A/\RCOr:K I\t\ln WTlcnx r:nMPIlt\lV. 19h9
4~Rq
t\lFW vnRK RlnWFR r.nMPI\NV
"R ilL L F T T 1\1 S h4 l-R? . h h 1 -R ? ,f, 7 h -R . f, 7~ -R . h A 4. Aq 1
'. F T T FRS 1\10. F. -1 Tn F - 1 h"
"IFI...) ynRK RLnWFR CrIMPI\"'Y
/\ 1\1 n F 1\1 r.. I 1\1 F F ,] 11\1 r..
4':\9() PRT\fATF COMMlJNTCIITln1\l
IIlInp /lIR r:nRRFr.TTnN Tnsr.IISSTn"-'"
1\1(11\1 F
4~ql CFTLCOTF cnMPANV
" T F. L L F R F T T F Mil "'II AI. Af\1 n 1'111 L L F TT N 1? -1 "
CFTLcnTF cnMPANV. 1q70
439? HII1\ITTf\Ir.,TON ALLnvs
"RF.STSTANCE Tn UJRRnsrn"I"
HI''''TINr.,TO/\I ALLnys. 19f,'i. RFV. 1q7()
43q3 1If\IO/\IYMnIIS
IIMI"IFRII'.S YFAPRf)rlK"
vnLIIMFS I-II. P. 9?9
500~ SMITH. L.K.
" FilM F F. X P n S I J R F S FR. n M '" F '. n T "-If~ W T T H '. n H 1-1 V n R n r..1=f\1 F I, F r. T Q n n r::: S "
liNN nCCIiPATTOf\IIIL HYr.,. (!,rll\lnn1\I). I\PP. 19A7. 10(?). 11":>'-71
')00')
SHFFHY. J.P.
"AIR pnLLtITTON I'" .IM.KsnNVI'-'.F FI,nRTn/\ (/\ PII.nT STlinv -
IIIIr.,.-SFPT. 19h1 \ "
PIIRL!C HFALTH SERVIr:F. CTf\ICIN"IATT nHln. nT\I. nF I\IP pnl,'-"TlIl1\1
(I\P-3). APR. 19h3. hI) PP
')()lO
FFLnSTFTN. MILTON
"TnXTCTTY nF IITR pn'.'-'JTI\NTS"
RAY IIRFI\. ATR pnLLIITTn1\1 cnf\lTRnL
CAlIF.. IQA3, ?()P
nTSTRTr:T. SAN FRIlf\lClscn.
8-54
-------
. :'> .~~t1f~~ ,-'.
')011 CHnlARK, ..1.
"RE!";lllT!,,; OF A FIVE-YFAR INVE!";TI(;ATTOM OF AIR pnLl.lJT I nl\l HI
!':II\I!':II\IMIITI" ,
AR!':H. 11\10. HYG. or:!':IIPATIONAl MFn.. VOt. A:314-~;)C;. 1Q';?
c)01~ (;RTMFS. W.R.
"SOUJRTLTTY OF NORtE r.ASES IN MOUEN FIJInRInFS.
OF NAF-lRF4 ANn NAF-lRF4-tJF4"
J. PHYS. CHEM., VOt. 6?:R6?-RAA. 19')R
1.11\1 MTxTIIRFC:;
5014 HORVATH. H.
"THE R FFRACT I VE INnF x OF FREON 12"
A P Pl. 0 PT., 6 ( 6) : 1140. .11 iN E 1 q 67
5015 IVIE, J.D.
"PERFORMANCE OF FlIIORFSCENT TYPE FUInRTnF RFf:ORnFRS FnR
AMAIENT IISE"
INSTRIIMENT nEVELOPMF.NT CO., RF.STnN, VA. ANn RFsnIIR!,:F.S
RESEARCH INC., GAINFSVIlLE, FLA.. 19A7. ;?OP
')016 MARSHALL, R.S.
"TtiE nETERMINATION OF TOTAL FLiIORInF TN ATR RY
MICRODIFFUSION nf:HNTOIIF" ,
ANALYST, Q4(1l1Q):4Q3-4Qq, JIINE 19A9, 14 RFF!";
IISTNr, "
5017 AEWERS, J.~.
, "nETERMINATION OF FLI,JORII\I!: RY PROMPT (r,AMMAI-RAnTATTnl\l FRnM
P'ROTON AOMBARDMENT. PART I. THEORY liNn FXPFRTMFI\ITAL MFTHnn"
ANALYST (CAMRRInr,F). 94(1114) :1-14, .IAI\I. '19f,9
5020 BONn, A.M.
"nETERMINATION OF FUIORIDE RY ATOMIC ARSORPTIOI\I SPFCTRnMETRY "
ANAL. CHEM., 40(3) :560-563, MARCH 19AR, 14 REFS
5021 KIRSCH, F.W.
"A NEW ROUTE TO Ol.EFTNS ALKYLATION"
OIL GAS .I., 6/'(29) :120-124. 127. .JIILY 15. ]9AR
5023 BRIGHT, ROAFRT N., ,
"GAS CHROMATO(;RAPHIC SEPARATION OF LOW MOLFf.IJI.AR WEI(;HT
FUIOROCARRONS"
MICHIGAN UNIV." ANN ARAOR, DEPT. OF MEf:H. EN(;R.. MARf:H 196A,
12P, CONTR~.tT AF-AFOSR-I144-67, PROJ. 9750-02, AFOSR-AR-1199
5026 BOHLANOER~ R.F.
"A!lTOMATIC STEAM OISTTUATIONS OF FtllnRIOF INTO !";M A '-'- VOtIIM!:,S"
NATIONAL LEAD CO. OF OHIO, CINCINNATI, 7 FFR 19A9, 15 P
5021 A~HTON, J.T.
"tHE SOLUBILITY OF CERTAIN r,ASFOIIS, FLfJORII\IE r.nMPnlll\lnS '1\1 WATFR "
.J~ CHEM. SOC., Nn. A:17q3-17q6. 1.96R
I '
i
502Q B.JLEV. J.J..
"r.)ETERMINATION OF TRACES OF SULFUR F'-'IORT~IF liNn ROROI\I TI\'
ORGANIC MATERIALS RY OXYGEN RAMR COMRIlSTTnN II
A N At . C H E III ., 33 ( 1 2) :t 7" 0-1 76? , NOV. 1 q A 1, 1? R F F S
5030 CRALLEY, l.V.
"TENTATIVE IIIETHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR FlIlORtOF r:nNHNT OF THE
ATMOSPHERE AND PLANT TISSUES II
HEAL TH LAR. SCI., 6(2) :64-R3, APRIL 19AQ. n R~FS
8-U
.J -.
-------
t,n'~l rYi\I.I.f=Y. '..1/.
"TFf\ITi\TII/F MFTHnn [IF 1I~IAI.YSIS FnR FLilnRTnF
IITMrISPHF~F 1I1\ln PI.IIf\IT TISSIIFS"
HFIILTH I.AR. SrI., A(71:R4-101, /lPRI!. laAa.
(nf\ITFf\IT nF THF
?"I RFFS
t; (\ 'J, I.
R p r )1./ t,l. H tI R R Y
"II NFl,' If\ISTRIIMFNT FnR THF MFII<:;IIRFMFNT nF (;/lSFnIIS FI.llnRInFS HI
I. F SS T H II 1\1 n f\1 F P /I R T P F R R 1 L I. 1 n N "
1.f=Ji~H If\ISTRlllv1Ff\ITS I.Tn.. (IIRI.FTrlN PI. liP: (nf\ITIIRIrl). I9AQ. 11 n
"rn 7 F R II 1\1 T 7. R n R F R T '..
"U1111. STRFI\I(:,THFNS ITS pns IT Tn 1\1 "
Mlf\III\I(; FI\I(;II\IEFRII\Ir,. ?I(?1 :ln4-}07. FFR 19A9
" () 4 1 R n '-'.. R. H .
" T H F R n L F n F (H F M 1 ( tI I. T H F R M 0 n Y f\I A M T ( S
P P r) R '- F M <:; 1 f\1 R 0 1 '. F P S "
,I. F J\I(~. PO \.I F R R'J,. 4, 1 -4 A 7. } 9 A 1
IN ANAI.Y7II\Ir, (;AS-<:;IOF
"i()4?
ERTL, O.W.
"FI.Fr.TROSTATTC (;IIS CLFANII\J(;"
S. A F R 1 r. AN M F (H. F N (; R. (.10 H Af\1 f\1 F S R II R (;) .
1aA7 .
lA(R):15Q-1AR. MIIR(H
,)()44
(;RtlIlF. (;FOR(;F
"nFTFr.TJOf\1 AI\ln RFMO\lfll. nF Fl.llnRIf\IF TN THFWIISTF (;ASFS nF A
STEFlwnRKS ANn MFASIIRTf\I(; AIR nllll'.TTY TI\I ITS <:;1 IRPnl/J\tn 1 1\1(;<:;"
STIIII(:,. ~R(1):a-17, JAM laAR
')()4S IIl\lnNYMntJS
" 1 f\1 0 I) S T R T A '. AIR P n '-'-' J TIn f\1 r. 0 1\1 T R n I. "
HFflTIN(;. PIPIN(;, AIR (nNOITInNTN(;, "IR("II, 179-a4. MAR lQA7
S()4A nliRlIsnFF, '.. -
"(I. F 1\ f\1 F R A I R 1\ NO T H F (;" S T f\I nil S TRY"
/1M. (;IIS J. 194 ("II, "I?-"I"i,'J,R.4(),4?, MI\R laA7
sn4R RFFSF.. J.T.
"FXPFRIFI\ICF WITH FI.F(TRnSTflTT( FI.Y-flSH r.nU.FCT1nl\l FOIITPMFf\IT
S F R V It\1 r, S T F. A M - F I. F r. T R 1 r. t, 1= J\I r= RAT 1 f\I(~ P '. HI T S "
J. AIR pn'-UJTION r:nJ\ITRO'. Assnr.. lR(R) :"7'J,-S7R. tlll(; 1aAR
S () 4a
n7nLlf\IS. (;.
"AIR pn'.LlJTANT FMISSTnN 1NVFNTnRY nF
PIIRI. 1 r. HFAI. TH SFRV I r.F. nIiRHAM. f\1.r...
cnl\ITRn,-. APTn-AR-4, lAP. IIPRII. 19AR
f\lnRTHWFST II\tr)TAf\III"
f\lfI T. r. F 1\1 T F R F n R tI 1 p P n '. .
5()'57
RLnnMFTFl.n. R.O.
" C (] S T S F F FIr. I F N r. I F S A f\1 n II N S n I. \I FOP R n R '. F M S n F 1\ 1 P P n '-'.11 T 1 n f\1
r:nI\ITRnL FOIII PMFI\IT"
J. AIR pn'.LJ!TInf\1 r.n~ITRn,- AsSnr.., 17(1). ,1/lf\1 laA? 7R-,:\?
"i()5'J,
n7KER. M.S.
"f)IJST r.ONTRnLS FOR nllTnnnR WnRK11\1(; IIRF/I<:;. T1-S PIIRf.lr.
IITTlTTIFS (nMM1TTFF "
,I. AIR pn'-'_I/TInN r.nf\ITRnI. ASSnr... lR(R) :,19-,??, /l1I(;IIST laAR
SO"i4
M lie K F f\ll IF, \I. r, .
"THF pnWFR Tr'.tnIISTRY IIf\IO /lIR pnU.IIT1nl\llI
P II R I.. 1 r. H F A '. T H S 10 R \I 1 (F. 1../ /I S H 1 f\1 r.. T n f\1. n. r. . .
P n L LilT 1 ()J\I, f\1 n \I. ? R, 1 a A ? I? P P
OTV. nF /lIR
8-56
-------
~055 SHALF. r..C.
"nPFRIITTNr.. r.HARM:TF:RTSTIr.S nF A HTf,H-TFMPFRIITIIRF FLFr.TPnST/lTIr.
PRFr.IPTTATnR" .
RIJRFAIJ nF MINES. MORr..ANTOWN. W. VA.. RI 777(,. ,")J.Y lQf,9. 19
P. MnRf,ANTnWN r.nAL RFSFARCH r.FNTFR
<:'057 RnIJRROI'II. p.
"nF.TFRMlr--IATTON IlF FI.IJnRTOF POLLlITInN RV
IITILI7.ING PAPFR TMPRFf,r--JATFO WIT\-! snnll"
AtlLL. Ir--ISFRM. ?4(1):7~-~0. ,IAN-FFR 19(,,9
A RIIPTf1 TFnU\ITf\111=
IFDFN(/../)
505A MAVRonTNEANII. R.
"IMPROVFD APPARATUS ANO PROCEOtlRES FOR SAMPUNf, ANO A~I"I. VlTr--lr,
AIR FOR FU'ORIOF.S".
cnNTRTA. AOYCF. THOMPSON TNST.. lAC31. Jllr--IF 195,. 173-Rn
5059 MAVROnIf\IEANIJ. R. ,
"PHnrnFLECTRIr. ENo-pnINT OFTF.RMINATTnN TN THE TITRATTnr--1 OF
F'.lInRTnFS WTTH THORIIJM NITRATF"
cnNTRIR. ROYCE THOMPSON INST.. lA(31. .IlINF 195,. IAl-A
50(,,0 MAVRnnI"IFANII. R.
"A SIMPLF METHOO FOR THE DETFr.TInN nF \/nLflTTI.F FI.lIORTnFS
CONTRIR. ROYCE THOMPSON INST.. lRllI. nFr. 1954. R?-4
T "I 1\ 1 R"
5963
F.r..f,ERRAATEN. V.L.
"OETECTION nF FREF FLIJORINE IN THF ATMnSPHFRF
RAnIOTRACER ANA(YSIS "
INTERN. J. APPL. RAnIATION ISOTOPFS. vnL. IA.
lA~-191
RV I131
MARCH 19f>7,
5067 BENSON. S.W. .
"THF. ELIMINATION OF HF FROM HOT FUJnRINIITFn FTHt\f\IFS"
J. PHVS. CHEM.~ 69L11I. NOV 1965. 3R9R-39n5
506R LAHMANN. E. ,
"METHODS FOR MEASIIRTNr.. GASEOUS AIR POLUITIO"'S"
STAIJB. 25C91, SEPT 1965. 17-7.7
, 5069 HORVATH. H.
"THE RFFRAr.TIVF TNOEX OF FREON P"
APPL. OPT.. 6C61 :1140. ,IIINE 1967
5070,GUERRANT. GOROON O.
, "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTINIJnIlS MONTTORTNr.. OF FLIIORTOF
E:FFLlJENT "
U~S. 3,461,043, 12 AIJr.. 1969, 3 P
5071 BLANDFR. M. .
"SOllIBILITV OF NOBLE r..ASES TN MOUEN FUIORInES "
J. PHVS. CHEM., 6'3(71 :1164-1167" .!I'LV 1959
5077 FI EL 0, PAUL E. '
"THF. SOlU8ILITIF.S OF HF ANnnF TN MnUFN FUJnRTnFS "
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY. CONF-(,(.,n907-1. RFPT.
ORNL-P-2202. 27 JUNE 1966. 17 p.
5074 RENEnICT. H.M.
"SOME CHEMIr.AL l\"ln PHYSICAL CHIIRACTFRTSTICS OF FLIIO~InF
COMPOIJf\IDS AFTER CONr.ENTRATION RY Pf.ANTS IN LFA\lFS"
STANFORn RESEARr.H INST.. SOUTH PASAnFr--IA. SO. r.ALTF. L/IRS..
APRIL 1963. 16 PP .
8-67
-------
"in7';
c;r.HI\FFFR. ,.H.
" S n LI 'R T ,. IT Y n F H Y n R n r.. F 1\1 F '.II n R 1 n F 1 t\1 M n I. T F 1\1 F '- I I rw Tr1 F S "
.1. DHYS. r.HFM.. h~(l?) :lqqq-?On? nFr. 1qSq
snu,
\..1 F [ 1\1 <; T F 1 1\1 . '.. H .
"1\ SFMI-IIIITnMI\TFn MFTHnn FnR THF nFTJ:RMTI\.I/lTTnl\l flF
II PI. A.r'm PI.ANT TTSSIIFS"
rnI\ITRII~. Rnyr.F THflMPSnl\1 INST. \In I . ??(4) :?07-??O.
F '.' II1R 1 "IF' ",
nFr. lqh~
SrnH
,I 1\ r. n R S n 1\1. ,I. S .
"STllnIFS nl\l THF MFlIc;lIr~FMF!\tT flF FI.llflPlnF 11\1 /lIR 1\1'11) PI,/lI\IT
TI SSIIF.S RY THF I>JJI.I.I\RI1-I"I!\tTFR 1\1\11' SFM.T-/lIITnMl\lFf)\"FTI-trln<;"
,I. AIR Pili_un InN r.nNTRnl. Assnr.. 1A(7) :,:\1',7-':\71. ,IIII.Y 1C)hh
sn7~ Mr.CI\LnTN. R.n.
" F V II L II II TIN r. II T R P n 1.1. II T T n 1\1 P R n R'- F M S (II r.c~ F P T fI R '- F J:CI II 1 PM F 1\1 T . A I\In
PRnr.FnIJRFS) "
/lPr.H. FN\lTRnN. HFA'-TH ? 7?R-33. MARCH 1qh1
SOR? RIIRTnN. WILLIAM R. .
"Rt\I>J MIITFRIALS FOR MAI\IIIFAr:TIIRF nF r.FMHIT"
PM-Ir.-R':\4R, WIISHII\Ir.TnN,n.r:.. RIIRFAII nFMJl\lFS 191',7, 41',-')) P
SOR')
IJ1\t7
8-58
-------
~ln7 TFLLFR. AARnN J.
"r.AS Sr.RURRF.R APPlIRATIIS IINO PRnr.FSS"
II.S. ":\,'505,7AA. 14 "PRTL ]97n. 4P
~10A CHnPFY, N.P.
" A L. K Y '. AT] ON UNIT Y I F LOS n U A L R F. N F FIT"
CHFM. FN(;., 67(?~I:n7.-13~, 17. OFC ]960
"iln9 nIlMON. W.A.
"THF TRFIITMF.NT OF WASTF r.ASFS yt\1 r.HFMTr:AI. TJ\IOII<;TRY "
TRANS. INST. r.HFM. FNr.RS. (Lnl\lnml), ":\1(11:76-3~. ]9~":\
5110 HIXSON, ARTHUR w.
"RECOVERY OF ACIDIC (;ASF.S"
II.S. 2,449,'537, 21 SFPT 194A, 4P
5115 RILLTNr,S. CHARLFS F. .
"SIMtll.TANEnIlS REMOVAL OF
MINERAL wonL FILTERS"
.1. AIR PDLLIITION CONTROl.
ACln r.ASES
MTSTS
A 1\1 n F II MF S W T T H
ASSOC., AD) n9<;-?n?, Nnv 19~A
511A GRAIII:, r,EORr,E .
"nETECTION AND REMOVAL OF FlIII)RINF. TN THF. WASTF C;ASF.S nF A
STEFLWnRI(S AND MEASURTNr, AIR OIlAUTY TI\I ITS SIIRROIINOTI\I(;S"
STAll A, 7.A(1}-9-17, .IAN 196A
5119AAERNATHY, R.F. .
"RARE FLEMENTS TN COAL"
AUREAU OF MINE$, WASHII\lr.TON,o.C., II\IFn. CIRC. A]63, 1963, B PP
5124 MCILVAINE, R.W.
"AIR POLLUTION EQIITPMENT FOR FOIJl\lnRV CIIPnLAS "
- J. AIR POLlUTInN CONTROL ASSOC., l7(AI :~4n-544, Allf, ]91>7
'5125 EWALD, G.W. .
"SYNTHETIC FAARICS MAY SOLVE YOIIR SPF.r.TAI. nllST r.nI\ITRnL PRnRLFMS"
AIR ENG. 7(Cn :22:6, SEPT 1965
~129 VON JnRDAN, 2.
"VENTURI ANn RAnJAL FLnw SCRIIRRF.RS FnR r.nnL TNr. ANn CLFANTNr, OF
UTILITY ANn WASTE GASFS "
STAHL F.ISEN, AI>(A} :399:406, A APRIL 1966, (nIlSSFLOORFI,
. (£;ERMAt\ll
5130 SEILER, ED
"DESI£;N FOR AIR POLLIITTnN CONTROL. SF.I.FCTTI\I(; TOWER PAr.KIN(;"
AIR COND.,HEATIN£;, VENT., 65(5J :11.13.1<;,]7, MAV 196R.
5133 WENTZEL, K.F.
"FlIJORINE-CONTAININ£; EMMISSIONS IN THF. VTr.TI\IITV OF RRTr.KwnRKS"
STAIJR 25(3):45-50~ MAR 1965
5136 PRINDLE, R.A. .
"AIR POLLUTION ANn- cnMMIfNlTv H.F.ALTH (r.HAPTFR F.Tr.HTFENI "
MEDICAL CLIMATOLOGY, 1964, 505-1R
5137 JEWELL, J.P.
"CONTROL OF FLlJORInE EMTSSJONS "
PROC. ANN. SANITARY WATF.R RFSOIIRr.FS FNr,. r.nI\IF.. 1965, PP
226-32, VANoERRILT IINIv., NASHVTLLF, TFNN
8-59
-------
<:, ] -:>, q F P. r:~., n L 1\ Ii
IIRFCOIIFRY 1II\ln IJTTl.T7ATI0t-1 OF FI.llnRI"IF ppnnllCTS FJJnM AI 11M IN 11M
Fl. F r T P r II. Y S 1 S I./t-. S T F r: II <; F S" .
IIRWf\SSFP, IIRr:IIS SCHwFRSTOFFTFCHNTK, nFCHFMII-NnNnr:PI\PH,
<;Q(10/'<;-10AQJ, 1QAR
<; 11.?
1\ ~!IWYM(), 1<:
" C I 'R R F 1\1 T S T 1\ T II S /11\1 n FliT' J R F P R n S P F C T S - S T F F '. 1 "If) I J .S T P Y 1\ 1 R
P n '-I.. I I TIn N C n t-I T R n L "
GOTH UII\Ir:. '!lIR PO'-'-IJTlflll' - lQA7, PIIRT 1\1' ,<:/IR(nM, nl\1
toTP/I,JIITFR PllL/., P ?-:>,qO-A, i'-11\Y 1<'-JR, lGA7
'j14-:>'
1"II.snl\l. F.I..
" S T 1\ T F "'1 F III T n F F. '.. W 1 I S n t-I F n R T H F <: F N tI T F S II R C n M M TT T F F n 1\1 II 1 p
!I t-I n 1./ II T F R P n '-'. II TIn 1\1 "
QOTH CfJI\I(:,. '!lIR pnL'.. - lqA7, PART TII' ,SIJRcnM. nl\1 AIP./""!lTFD.
pnu... P ?A?Q-4,). MIIY l')-]R. 1GA7
<;144
F R T L. n . 1'" .
"F'.FCTRnSTi\TTC r:1\<:' CLFIII\IIt-Jr:"
S. AFTTCAN MFf:H. FI\lr.R. (.JnHlIlllt-IFSRIIRr:l.
JQA7
lA(R) :1')q-1AR. I"'I\RC.H
">14<;
SIILL I \lAI\', R.F.
"I\IITnMi\TIC SYSTFMS FnR RFMnVlIl. nF nFPnSTTS FRnM rlPFI\1
FI.IIFS RnnFS WI\STF HFlIT tlllin FIIFI FTRFn RnTl.FRS"
TRnt-1 STFFI. FI\Ir:.. 44(1) :Q7-lfn. ..Ii\t-I 1QA7
HFIIRTH
'j14A
HIIMMnNn. WTlLII\M F.
" S Fen 1\, n II R Y R R II S S - II 1\1 n f-< R rJl\l 7 F - M FIT 1 t-I r: P R n C F S S "
PIIR. HFtlLTH SFRVIr.F. r.TI\ICTI\'I\IIITT. nHln. PHS-PIIR-QQQ-IIP-40.
1QA7, P ?70-?R4, 1\1 AT I 111\1 II I. r.Ft-ITFR FnR hTR pnl.LIITInt-1 r.nr'ITRrll.
<;11<1, I\KFRLm./. F.I/.
" M n n T FIr. A TIn 1\1 TnT H F F n 1\, T A 1\1 A n P F 1\1 H F II R T H P R F r. T P T TAT n R S "
.1. hIR pnu-,ITInlll r.nl\ITRnl. Assnc., 7(11:::\Q-4::\. MlIY lQ'j7
<;14Q f:!lMPRFLL. W.W.
"nFI/FI.nPMFNT OF AN FlH:TR Tf:-FIiRNlIf:F nilST Cnl\'TRn!. SYSTFM"
.I. (sIR pnU.I/TrnN cnNTRnl. As<:,nr.., l?I]?):'i74-7. nFr. lqA?
<;1')0 RRIFF, R.S.
"PRnPFRTTF<:' AI\ln r.nI\ITRnL nF FLFCTRTr.-/lRC STFFL FIIRNAr.F FIIMFS"
.1. AIR. pnLI.IITTnl\l r.nl\ITRnl. Assnr.. A(4) :??O-?04 (FFR lQ'j7)
'i151 RFNr:STnRFF, r:.W.P.
"A RFSFAR(H APPROA(H Tn THF r.nNTRnl nF
STFFLMAKINr: PRnr.FSSFS"
,I. AIR pnu-,ITTnl\l U) III TFHlI. ASSnf:. n(41,
F M T c; c:; 1 nl\1 S F R nM
170-? ([\PR TI. 1 9/',-:>')
')1')1'
RII\IT7FR. W."'.
IInFSIr:J\' nPFRATInN At-In MJlTJ\ITFNJlt-1CF nF A l"iO-TnJ\l
FIiRt-II\r.F f)IIST r.DI.I.F(T I nl\1 SYSTFM II
IPnN STFFL FNGR. 44(1.1 :77-R<; .I"I\IE lGA7
F ,- F r. T P T C.
51'j') WILKINsnN, F.M.
II W F T I,j II <:, H T 1\1 r: n F R n F r: 1\ SF S - L" r. K A W II J\I t-/ t't "
PRFPRII\IT, RFTHLFHFM STFFI- (nRP., I\IFW vnRK. 19AA. 1?P
8-60
-------
515A nA 1\1 I FL SnI\l. .fOHN A.
"AIR POl.L"TION FNf,TI\IFFRII\If, MANIIAI."
PIIRLIC HFALTH SERVICF. CINCINNATI. PHS-PIIR-999-AP-40.
19 67. 1\1 " TI 0 N A I. C E N T F. R FOR A I R POI. '-' IT T Il N r. Il 1\1 T R 01.
Rq? p..
5157 SIMON. HFRRERT
"RAr;HOIISFS "
PtIRUr: HFJ\UH SF.RVICF.. CINCINNATT.
106-13~. 1967. NATIIlNAL CENTFR FOR
PHS-PIIR-999-AP-40. P.
ATR pnLL1ITTnl\l CnNTRnl.
515R SIMON. HFRRFRT
"SIN(;LF-STAGE ELECTRlr.AI. PRECIPITATORS"
PURLIC HEALTH SERVIr.F. CINCINNATI. PHS-PIIR-9Q9-AP.-40. P
135-156. 1967. NATIONAL CENTER FOR AIR POUIITTON r.ONTP.flI.
5159 nFY. HOWARD F.
"AFTFRRIIRNERS"
PIIAUC HEALTH SERVICE. CINCIII/NATI. PHS-PIIA-999-AP-40. P.
171-1R7. 1967. NATIONAl CENTER FOR.AIR POLLIITTON CONTROL
51A1 HAMMONn. WILLIAM F.
"SECONnARY ALIiMINIIM-MELTINc; PROr.FSSFS"
PlIRLIC HEALTH SFRVICF. CINCINNATI. PHS-PIJR-999-AP-40. p.
2A4-292. 1967. NATIONAL CENTER FOR AIR POUIITJOt-..1 r.Ot-..1T P. 11 I.
51A2NANCE. .JAMES T.
"METAL SEPARATION PROCESSES" .
PIIRLIC HEALTH SERVICE. CINCINNATI.
305-309. 1967. NATIONAL CENTER FOR
PHS-PIIR-999-AP-40. P.
ATR POLLIITTON
5167 JOHNSON. .I.E.
"WET WASHING OF OPEN HEARTH GASES"
IRON STEEL ENGR.. 44(2) :96-9R. FER 19A7
5169 RILLINGS. C.E.
"FIIRTHER INVESTIGATrrJNS OF THE CONTINIJOIJS SLAG WOOL FILTER "
J. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ASSOC.. R(11 :53-M. MAY 195R
5170 WHITRY. K.T.
"EVALIIATION OF AIR CLEANERS FOR OCCIJPTFn SPACFS"
J. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ASSOC.. 11(111:503-15. NOV 1961
5171 HIINT, M.
Ii THE CONTROL OF
STEEl WOR K S"
PROC. CLEAN AIR
VOL. 2. 33 P
nll5T ANn FUME FMISSIONS FROM 111\1 INTF(;RATF.n
CON F.. IJNIV. NF.W SOIITH WALES. ]9A? PAPER 15.
5175 HOAK. R.D.
"POLLUTION CONTROL- TI\I THE STEEL TNf)IISTRY "
CHEM. -ENG.PROGR.. 62110] :4R-52, OCT 196A
5176 BRANDT, AoO. .
"ClIRRENT STATIJS ANn FIJTIJRE PRO.SPFr.TS - STFEl Il\lnliSTRY AIR
POLLIJTION CONTROL" .
PROC. NATl. CONF. AIR POLLIITTIlN. 3Rn. WASHIl\lc;TON. D.C.. 19M,.
PP. 236-41
5177 CHAPMAN. H.M.
"EXPERIENCE WITH
I N TH F. A ET H L E HEM
J. AIR POL LIlT ION
SFLFcnD AIR pnI. I. IITTOt-..I r.ONTROL TNSTAI_.LATIONS
STEF.l COMPANY"
CONTROL ASSOC.. 131121. 604-A. 629. nEC 1963
8-61
'c.
. ~
-------
'-,17P
T H n~'. r.. w .
"THF r,flU.Fr.TTn", ()F nPFN HFARTH nllST A"ln TTS RFr.tAMATTIl"1 1I<;T"Ir.
THF <:;1 If HI PPflr.FSS"
CII"'. MpITNr. 11"") MFT RIII.I.. (Mn"ITPFI\I.! C;9(A'i4) :1/1''1-"'\"'\. flr.T lqAA
'ilRl 1'.1I1HLFR. F.II..I. .
"Mf"THnr1C:; nF RFnllrIJ\Ir. pnl.l.IITln'" ri\'!SFn f-\Y C:;PFr.TFTr I"lflIISTRTF<:; II
FII~nPFI\"1 rn"IF. ON fliR pnl.LIITln"l. STRASRnIiRr.. 19A4. P :nq-?R;'>
'ilR? FFRRflRT. RFN7n
"FXDFR1Fl\lr:FC, TI\I nF\lf=lnppH; AN FFFFr.TT\lF Pf\1.1,\ITTn1\1 r:nJ\ITl>f)!
SYSHM FflR C,IJRMFRr,f'n IIPr: FFRRn"I.I.ny FIIR"llIr.F flPf"RIITTn1\11I
.1..1. MFTlIl.S. ;:>0(4) :9')-10l,. APRTI. 19f-,R
">1q;:> PIII/IFS. F.
"THF U'''ITRnl. nF FIIMF FRntvl FI.Fr.TRTr ARr FIIP"IIIr:F.C,"
.1. T R n 1\1 S T F F I. T N ST. 1 I n 1\1 n n J\I). / n 11 I' J : 1 1 n -1 1 1'. F F R 1 9 h "'\
'11q",\ 1"II,I.FT. HnWARn P.
II T H F \I F "I T II R I S r R II R R F R F n R I. I. F A M I M r. n X Y r. F "J"
IRmi STFH F"I(;R.. 3R(7J :l?A-131. .IIIIY 19A1
"ilQ7
HIII\IT1"'r.TnJ\l. RnRFRT r..
"ARC FIIRNAr:F FIIMF rnJ\ITRnI. PRfI.rTTr.FS"
PRFPRIMT. i\MFRIClII\I AIR FILTFR ro.. INr:..
p. 19AR(APr.fI PflPFR AR-131)
I. nil I S\lll.I.F.
KY.. 19
'5199 FRFRHi\RnT. .I.F.
"THE \/FNTIIR I WASHFR FnR RI.AST FIIR"IACF r..AS"
IRnJ\1 STFFL ENr..R.. 3;:>(3) :AA-71. MflRrH 1QA'5
'11'00 PFTTIT. r.RANT fl.
"FLEr.TRIC FIIRJ\!ArF nllST r.nJ\ITRnL SVSTFM"
.J. AIR POLUITTnN rO"ITRnl. Assnr.13(p):A07-AnQ.A?1, nFl., 191'"'\
');:>01 EISFI\IRflRTH, MANFRFn
"OIIST RFMn\ltlL FRnM \.)flSTF r.ASFS 1",1 A STFFL PI.t\"IT"
R I \I . I "I (;.. 1 0 ( 1 0) : 7 ;:> n - 7 ? 9. n r T 1 9 A 9 (IT tI I.!
'5?04
~ILLFT. HOWARn p.
"PRnFIT nRIFNTFn SYSTFMS FnR
nFSlr.M AND nPFRATlnN FnR AIR
1QAR. P 7'i-R'5. (AIMF)
pnU.11T T nJ\' rnJ\ITRnL "
pnl.l.IITTflJ\1 r.n"'TRflL. "IFI') VflRK.
s;:>ns .lnJ\IEs.WIU.IAM P.
"nEVFI.nPMENT nF THF \lFNTIJR I Sr.RIIRRFR "
INn.'FNr.. CHEM.. 4111]):1'4;:>4-?4;:>7. Nfl\/ 1Q4Q
'5?07 RnRFJ\ISTFIN. MIIRRAY
"flIR pnLL"TlnN rn1\ITRnl. TN J\ln"I-FFRROIiS MJ:Tfll.'.IIRr..Tr:fli. Tl\lnliSTRY "
IJ\ln. HFATIJ\Ir., 34(10) :1RAA.lRAR.1R70. nr.T 19f-,7
snn
r;RAtlF. r.FnRr. .
II S n M F F X P F R I E "I C E S I.) IT H A NO" F L F X PER T M F N T A I.
RFMrl\IlIl. FRnM RRnWJ\1 SMnKF"
STAIIR (FJ\lr,I.TSH). ;:>7(10):7-1/. neT 19A7
P '. lI"'n F n R nil S T
5;?Il cnIlLTFR, R.S.
"SMnKF nliST FIIMF.S CLnSFLY cnI\ITRnU.FO TIll FI.Ff.TRlr. FIIR""Af.FS"
I R 0 "I A r, F, 1 7 3 ( ? J : 1 07- 1 1 n . 1 4 J /I N 1 q ') 4
57 P PIINCH. r..
"r.AS CLFANI~IG 11\1 THF IRnN AJ\ln STFFI. Tt\lnllc,TRY "
IRON ANn STFFL INST.. LnNonN. SR-R3. 19A3. P 10-;:>3
8-62
-------
~7.1~ SPEFR. E.R.
"OPERATION OF ELECTROSTATIC PRFCTPTT/lTnRSON O.H. FIIRf\lM:FS /IT
F /I I R L F S S WOR K S, "
IRON ANn STEEL INST.. LONDON, SP-6, 195R. P 07-74
'57.14 GAW, R.r..
"ca S CL E AN I NG"
IRON STEEL ENGR., 37(10) :81-A5, OCT 19AO
'57.1A IIYS. .I.M.
"THF REt>.IFFTCATION OF RAw MATFRTALS TN THF STFFI. TNnllSTRY ""In
TTS'EFFFCT liP ON AIR POLL liT ION r.Ot>.ITR'nL" ,
.1. AIR POLL liT ION CONTROL ASSOC.. 13(11:70-?7.37.. .1AN 190'1
'5?lA REIn, r..F.
"EXPERTENCE IN CLEANING RLAST FIIRNACF r,AS'
WASHER"
IRON STEEL ENGR., 31{A) :134-139. AIle; 1960
WTTH THE ORTFlr.F
'5219 WEI N. W.
"OPERATING EXPERIENCE WITH POWER PLANT,STACKS ANn THETR nESTr,N "
COMAIISTION. 41 (41 :29-34. OCT 19(,9
'5:?2~ nAVI ES, E.
"THE CONTROL OF FUME FROM ARC FIIRNACES "
FIIME ARR ESTMENT. SPEC I AL REPT. A3. LONnON.
WILLIAM LEA AND CO.. LTn.
] 9/)4. P 133-143.
57.23 nour.LAs. I.H.
"nIRECT FUME EXTRACTION
TON ARC FURNACE"
FUME ARRESTMENT. SPECIAL
WILLIAM lEA ANn CO.
ANn COLLECTION APPlTFn Tn A FTFTEEN
REPT. R3. lONnON. 19h4. P 144-]49.
'57.24' HOFF, H. ,
"CONVFRTER WASTE GAS CLEANINr; RY THF 'MTNTMIIM r.AS' MFTHnn AT
FRIEO. KRUPP. "
FlIME ARRESTMENT. SPECIAL REPT. R3. LONnON. 19h4, P 1()4-10R.
WILLIAM LEA ANn CO.. LTn.
5225 HOLLANO. M.
"OIRECT FUME EXTRACTION FOR lARGF ARC FIIRNACFS "
FIIME ARRESTMENT. SPEC T AL REPT. R3. LONnON. ] 9h4.
WILLIAM lEA ANn CO.. lTn.
P 1'50-159.
5226 MITCHEll. R.T.
"DRY ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS ANO WIIAGNFR-RTRO WET I.JASHTI\I(;
SYSTEMS"
FUME ARRESTMENT. SPECIAL REPT. R3, LONnON. 19h4. P AO-R'5.
WILLIAM LEA AND' CO.. LTD.
5227 MOR ITA, S.,
"OPERATION AND ECONOMY OF THE OXYGEN cnNVFRTER r.AS REr.OVERY
PROCESS" ,
FUME ARRESTMENT. SPECIAL REPT. A3. LnNnON. 1904. P 109-115.
WILLIAM LEA AND CO.. LTO.
5230 MIIRRAY, ROBERT C.
"STORAGE VESSELS"
PIIRUC HEALTH SF.RVICE. CINCINNATT.
606-67.9. 1967. NATIONAL r.ENTF.R FOR
PHS-PIIR-999-AP-40. P
ATR POLLIITIO"I CONTRnL
8-63
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lRnt\1 STFF!. FNr-.R., 44(R1 :l()1-1()R, Allr.. 19A7
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nF FIIMF 1/'\1 THF STFFL T[\lnIISTRY "
I Rnt\1 1I~ln STFEL l"I<:'T., l_n~lnnl\l, SR-R3. P 74-,:\'), lQA4, FIIMF
APRFSTMF[\IT
'5;>'14 StiCK FTT. l,/I'IUFR .1.
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8-64
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"HIr..H FFFIr.IENCY nISCHARr,E CnNTRnL SYSTFM FnR tJ r:HFMIU"-
PRr)CFSSIf\!G PLAI\IT" '
II.S. 3.499.731. 3 P. 10 MARr.H 197()
'i?'1n ,/lIf:NG. CARl. F.
"METHnn ANn APPARATIIS FOR EXHAlfSTING r..ASFS FRnM Tl\lnllSTP T ttl.
RUILnlNGS "
II.S.. 3.49?7R9. 4 p. 3 FER 197()
S?n? RICKLFS. RnRERT N.
"WASTF REcnVERY ANI) pnl.l.IITION i'lRflTFMF.f\IT"
CHFM. ENr.... VOL. 72:133-152. 27 SEPT J9A5
5?nn r.FLFNZA. G.J. .
"AIR pnLLlITlnN PRnALEMC; FACEn RY THF IRnN ANn STEFL INnllSTRY "
PLANT ENG.. 24(91 :60-63. 30 APRIL 1970
<;?n9 DnNosn. JUL IUS J.
"nEVElnPMENT OF A PRACTICAL ANn ECONOMICAL PRnCESS FOR
RE"'OVING THE AlIIMINllM CHLORInE SMnKF NIITSANCE nIJRINr.. THE
CHLORINATION OF AlIIMINIlM ALLOYS" .
SMOKE PREVEN. ASSOC. OF AMERICA. PRnr.. SMnKE PRFVENT. ASSOC.
AM. 40TH. 1947. 39-42 P ,
5/70 KARAE. K.
"FLlIORInF EMISSInN FRnM FERTILTSFR PRnnllr.TInN"
CHFM. F"'r..R.. LnNnO/\l. 4h (7) :CF.2nR. SFPT } 9AR
5?73 MCCARE. LnUIS Ci
"ATMOSPHERIC POLlIITION "
TNn. ENG. CHEM.. 47(R) :95A-96A. AIJr.. 1955
5/75 BRANDT. C. STAFfORD
"FLUORIDE ,ANALYSIS"
INTERN. J.AIR WATER POLLUTION. LONnnN. VOL7:10AI-10A5. 19"3
9061 WILLF.TT. H.C.
"METEOROLOGY AS A FACTOR IN AIR POLlIITTON".
INn. MEO.. 1950. 19. 116-20
9063 JOHNSTONE. H.F.
"PROPERTIES ANO AEHAVInR nF AIR r.nNTAMTf\IAMTS II
INn. MEO..1950. 19. 107-15
906h FRICK. H.
"ECONOMICAL DUST EXTRACTION 1M THF r.FRAMIr. FtlCTnRY II
KERAM.Z.. 1967. 19. Nn. R. 4R7-R.9
"
9075 CHILTON. T.H.
"PROCESS ENFRr,y"
CHEM. ENG~., 1950. 57 NO.5. ]03-50
907h nANSFR. HARnLO W.
"ELIMINATF STACK nUSTS ANO MISTS II
CHEM. ENG.. 1950. 57. NO.5. ]5R-AO
90R7 CHAKRAVARTY. P.A.
"PROD\JCTION OF AERYLLIUM OXIr)E FROM RF.RYL"
J SCI IND RESEARCH (INnIA). 1~54. 13A. NO. 11. 7R3-R7
9123 NnNF:
"HCONITE RUILn-IlP ON THE MESART II
MIN ENG. SEPT 196R. ?O. RI-R4
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