LARGE POWER PLANT EFFLUENT STUDY
(LAPPES)
VOLUME 4 - INSTRUMENTATION, PROCEDURES,
AND DATA TABULATIONS
(1971)
AND PROJECT SUMMARY
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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Plate 1. Conemaugh plume, May 20, 1971,0956 EST.
limited flyash release.
Visible plume accomplished by means of intentional,
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-- - - --
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Plate 2. Conemaugh plume, November 4, 1971, 0735 EST.
limited flyash release.
Visible plume accomplished by means of intentional,
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-
Plate 3. Conemaugh plume, April 21, 1971, 0745 EST.
limited flyash release.
Visible plume accomplished by means of intentional,
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- -- - -
---~I
I
Plate 4. Conemaugh plume, November 17,1971,0700 EST.
limited flyash release.
Visible plume accomplished by means of intentional,
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LARGE POWER PLANT EFFLUENT STUDY
[LAPPES)
VOLUME 4 - INSTRUMENTATION, PROCEDURES,
AND DATA TABULATIONS
(1971 )
AND PROJECT SUMMARY
Francis A. Schiermeier
Division of Meteorology
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Administration
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
November 1972
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The author is a
Center-Research
by the National
Commerce.
meteorologist assigned to the National Environmental Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, Environmental Protection Agency
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of
The APTD (Air Pollution Technical Data) series of reports is issued by the
Environmental Protection Agency to report technical data of interest to a limited
number of readers. Copies of APTD reports are available free of charge to
Federal employees, current contractors and grantees, and nonprofit organizations
as supplies permit from the Air Pollution Technical Information Center, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 or from the
National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,
Virginia 22151.
Publication Number APTD-1143
ii
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CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIST OF TABLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ABSTRACT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART 1 INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCEDURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POWER PLANT DESCRIPTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Keystone Stati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Homer City Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conemaugh Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TOPOGRAPHY AND GENERAL CLIMATOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HELICOPTER INSTRUMENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SULFUR DIOXIDE INSTRUMENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Portab 1 e Bubb 1 ers ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technicon AutoAnalyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed Network at Jimmy Stewart Airport. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Observations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR LAPPES EXPERIMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . .
SELECTED PLUME PHOTOGRAPHS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTRACT PARTICIPATION IN LAP PES PROJECT. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART 2 - DATA TABULATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMMY STEWART AIRPORT. . . .
PLUME CROSS SECTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS HELICOPTER............
GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS BUBBLERS............
HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POWER PLANT OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART 3 LAPPES PROJECT SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LAPPES SERIES SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTRACT AND VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION IN LAPPES PROJECT. . . . . . .
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Stanford Research Institute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sign X Laboratories, Incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Meteorology Research, Incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute. . . . . .
Battelle Memorial Institute, Pacific Northwest Laboratory
Research Laboratories, French Meteorological Services. . . . .
Brookhaven National Laboratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LAPPES VEGETATIVE STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BIBLIOGRAPHY. ................................
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LIST OF FIGURES
1. Locations of Generating Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Keystone Generating Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Homer City Generating Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Conemaugh Generating Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Topography of Generating Station Complex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Helicopter Instrument Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Interior of Instrumented Helicopter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. External Helicopter Probe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Portable S02 Bubbler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Technicon AutoAnalyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. Surface Meteorological Instrumentation at Jimmy Stewart Airport. . . . .
12. Radiosonde Ascent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIST OF TABLES
1. Daily Experiment Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Surface Weather and S02 Observations at Jimmy Stewart Airport. . . . . .
3. Pl ume Cross Secti ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Peak Ground-Level S02 Concentrations - Helicopter. . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Instantaneous Ground-Level S02 Concentrations Helicopter........
6. Bubbler Site Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Average Ground-Level S02 Concentrations - Bubblers. . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Helicopter Temperature Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Pilot Balloon Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Radiosonde Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. Coal Analyses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12. Plant Operational Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13. LAPPES Seri es Summa ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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ABSTRACT
The Large Power Plant Effluent Study (LAPPES) was initiated during 1967 in
western Pennsylvania to evaluate the extent and effects of air pollution resulting
from the largest complex of coal-burning generating stations in the United States.
During 1971 two series of LAPPES field experiments were conducted in areas sur-
rounding the Conemaugh and Keystone Generating Stations; these experiments con-
sisted of ground-based and airborne plume measurements supported by extensive
meteorological observations. Part 1 of this volume describes the topography and
climatology of the generating station complex, the sulfur dioxide and meteoro-
logical monitoring equipment, and experimental procedures. Part 2 presents tabu-
lations of plant operational parameters and the air quality and meteorological data
collected during 1971. Part 3 consists of a summary of the entire LAPPES project;
included are series tabulations of air quality and meteorological data collected by
LAPPES personnel from 1967 through 1971 and descriptions of contractor participation
and the LAPPES vegetative study.
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LARGE POWER PLANT EFFLUENT STUDY
(LAPPES)
VOLUME 4 - INSTRUMENTATION, PROCEDURES,
AND DATA TABULATIONS
(1971 )
AND PROJECT SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Cognizant of the need for clean air, the electric power industry in many in-
stances has adopted the tall stack in its endeavor to maintain reasonable air
quality at ground-level surrounding generating stations of ever increasing capacity,
Considerable debate is underway, however, on both the national and international
scene regarding the effectiveness and performance of these stacks in overall pollu-
tion management. Questions raised by health and air pollution control agencies
regarding the potential effects of airborne effluents from these plants cannot be
answered in a definitive way by simply extrapolating experience with existing
smaller-capacity installations. Accordingly, the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has conducted a 5-year comprehensive field study to determine the extent and
effects of power plant emissions from tall stacks. Specifically, three objectives
were pursued at the Western Pennsylvania site:
1. To develop and validate transport and diffusion models with which to
calculate ground-level concentrations of effluents from large power plants with
tall stacks.
2. To measure the magnitude, frequency, and spatial distribution of ground-
level concentrations from large power plants with tall stacks, singly and in
combination, and to compare the observed data with calculated predictions.
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3. To evaluate the effects of sulfur compounds and other effluents from a
large power plant complex on vegetation in the region of the installations.
The LAPPES project was sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency, with
field activities conducted by on-site personnel. Office facilities were maintained
at Jimmy Stewart Airport in Indiana, Pennsylvania. Also cooperating in the study
were the Pennsylvania Electric Company and the Division of Air Pollution Control of
the Pennsylvania State Department of Health. During the 1971 field experiments,
additional contract participation was provided by Brookhaven National Laboratory.
LAPPES consisted of two complementary efforts, the first concerned with meteor-
ological and air quality measurements and the second with agricultural effects
data. The meteorological portion of the study was conducted along three inter-
related lines of investigation: (1) determination of plume rise under a variety of
atmospheric conditions; (2) determination of plume dispersion, both vertical and
horizontal, as a function of downwind distance and atmospheric conditions; and
(3) determination of the magnitude, areal extent, and occurrence frequency of sul-
fur dioxide concentrations at ground level after emission from tall stacks. The
agricultural or vegetative segment of LAPPES attempted to evaluate effects of power
plant emissions on the agricultural economy of the adjacent region, which consists
largely of Christmas tree plantations.
The purpose of this volume is to present the meteorological and air quality
data collected during 1971 in support of the first two LAPPES objectives and to
present a summary of the entire LAPPES project. Specifically, Part 1 describes
the power station complex and the equipment, procedures, and techniques used in
conducting field experiments, in measuring air quality and meteorological parameters,
and in reducing and processing data. Part 2 presents tabulations of the basic
data and pertinent supplementary data collected during 1971. Part 3 summarizes
the various types of air quality and meteorological data collected by LAPPES person-
nel from 1967 through 1971 and describes contractor participation and the LAPPES
vegetative study.
This volume is not intended to present analyses of the data, to evaluate
existing plume rise and dispersion theories, or to develop new diffusion models;
these objectives have been pursued in related papers (Niemeyer et al., 1970; Pooler
and Niemeyer, 1970; Schiermeier, 1971a) and will receive additional treatment in
future work. Previous publications dealing with LAPPES include a general descrip-
tion of the project goals and activities (Niemeyer and Schiermeier, 1969) and three
volumes containing data collected during similar field studies conducted around the
Keystone, Homer City, and Conemaugh Generating Stations from 1967 through 1970
(Schiermeier, 1970; Schiermeier, 1971b; Schiermeier and Niemeyer, 1970).
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PART 1 - INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCEDURES
POWER PLANT DESCRIPTION
The largest complex of coal-burning generating stations in the United States
has emerged in the Chestnut Ridge area of Western Pennsylvania shown in Figure 1.
Three new mine-mouth stations, Keystone, Homer City, and Conemaugh, are located
approximately equidistant along a NW-SE line 39 kilometers long about 80 kilometers
ENE of Pittsburgh. These three plants, combined with the nearby Seward and Shaw-
ville Stations, form a complex whose total annual production of 47,380,505 megawatt-
hours exceeds the total yearly electrical output of all but 11 nations of the world.
The five stations, owned by a total of 12 electric utilities, are fed from coal
mines located either directly under or close by the station sites.
The subject of LAPPES was the line of sources formed by the Keystone, Homer
City, and Conemaugh Stations, whose stacks emit a combined daily output approaching
2000 metric tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. A distinct advantage of
this location for the study is that air quality measurements progressed as each
stack of each station became operational. The 1967 and 1968 LAPPES field studies
were conducted in an area surrounding the Keystone Station. Beginning in 1969, the
project area was expanded to encircle the Homer City Station as it became opera-
tional, with similar expansion effected in 1970 to include the Conemaugh Station.
In the following description of the power station complex, generating capac-
ities are based on design specifications. These optimum plant loads have been
temporarily down rated to allow for necessary equipment modifications but should
be restored to their original levels in the near future. This slight decrease in
plant rating has no effect on the data contained herein because existing hourly
plant loads are included in Table 12 for the periods of plume sampling.
Keystone Station
The Keystone Generating Station, located just west of Shelocta, was the first
of the three new mine-mouth stations to be completed (Figure 2). The station has
an hourly generating capacity of 1.55 x 1012 calories (1800 megawatts) produced by
two identical cross-compound turbine-generator units. The boilers, which hourly
produce 1.81 x 1012 calories, consume 590 metric tons of pulverized coal per hour
supplied by conveyor and truck from nearby mines. Four 99-meter-tall natural-draft
cooling towers are used to provide recirculating water for steam condensation. The
towers are designed to collectively cool 21.2 x 105 liters of water per minute from
48°C to 32°C with a total evaporation rate of 34,000 to 49,000 liters per minute.
3
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Boiler effluent is fed to the twin 244-meter-tall stacks after passing through
two electrostatic precipitators per unit. The precipitators, with an efficiency
rating of 99.5 percent, remove a combined total of 83 metric tons of flyash hourly.
Each stack includes a 9.5-mm-thick steel liner that maintains a constant outside
diameter of 11.0 meters from the base to a height of 27 meters, and a diameter of
8.3 meters from a height of 58 meters to stack top; the taper from 11.0 to 8.3
meters occurs between 27 and 58 meters above the base. Surrounding the liner is a
concrete shell tapering from an outside base diameter of 20.4 meters to ~0.4 meters
at the top. Separation between stack centers is 61.9 meters, and the inside (exit)
diameter at the top is 8.29 meters. Orientation of the stacks is along a line
044°-224° from north.
Unit 1 of the Keystone Station went into commercial operation during August
1967; unit 2 followed in July 1968 (Estrada and Smith, 1964; Penelec, 1971).
Homer City Station
Second in line is the Homer City Station, which is located about 4 kilometers
SSW of the Homer City Borough (Figure 3). The station is capable of generating
1.10 x 1012 calories hourly (1280 megawatts) by means of two tandem-compound
turbine-generator units. The boilers produce 1.28 x 1012 calories an hour while
consuming 420 metric tons of finely ground coal supplied by conveyor from two
nearby mines. Two 119-meter-tall natural-draft cooling towers provide recircu-
lating water to condense steam back into boiler water. Approximately 15.7 x 105
liters of water are cooled from 49°C to 32°C each minute; total evaporation rate is
30,000 to 42,000 liters per minute.
Boiler effluent reaches the two 244-meter-tall stacks after passing through
four electrostatic precipitators that remove a total of 71 metric tons of flyash
hourly. Each chimney includes a 6.35-mm-thick steel liner that tapers from 10.0
meters outside diameter at the base to 7.3 meters at a height of 55 meters; the
top 189 meters of the liner maintains a constant outside diameter of 7.3 meters.
Surrounding the liner is a concrete shell tapering from an outside base diameter
of 19.1 meters to 9.5 meters at the top. Separation between stack centers is
53.0 meters, and the inside (exit) diameter at the top is 7.29 meters. Orientation
of the stacks is along a line 160°-340° from north.
The Homer City Station is so designed that a third unit with associated stack
and cooling tower may be added if required. Unit 1 went into commercial operation
during July 1969; unit 2 followed in December 1969 (Penelec, 1971).
Conemaugh Station
The third new generating station, Conemaugh, is situated at the village of
Huff on the Conemaugh River (Figure 4). The Conemaugh Station is the near twin of
Keystone, with identical boiler production and coal consumption. Also similar is
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the hourly generating capacity of 1.55 x 1012 calories (1800 megawatts). Because of
their larger size and capacity, however, only two cooling towers, each 113 meters
tall are required. Approximately 21.2 x 105 liters of water are cooled from
48°C to 32°C each minute to provide recirculating water for steam condensation;
total evaporation rate is 34,000 to 49,000 liters per minute.
The Conemaugh Station is similarly equipped with precipitators that will
ensure removal of up to 100 metric tons of flyash hourly from the boiler effluent.
The two 305-meter stacks are constructed of a 22.2-mm-thick steel liner encased in
a tapered concrete shell ranging from an outside base diameter of 25.3 meters to a
top diameter of 10.3 meters. The steel liner maintains a constant diameter of 11.0
meters from the base up to a height of 27 meters, and 8.3 meters from a height of
58 meters to stack top; the taper from 11.0 to 8.3 meters occurs between 27 and 58
meters above the base. Separation between stack centers is 61.9 meters, and the
inside (exit) diameter at the top is 8.29 meters. Orientation of the stacks is
along a line 101°-281° from north.
Unit 1 of the Conemaugh Station went into commercial operation during May 1970;
unit 2 followed in May 1971 (Penelec, 1971).
TOPOGRAPHY AND GENERAL CLIMATOLOGY
As shown by the topographic map in Figure 5, the generating stations are
located in the Chestnut Ridge sector of the Allegheny Mountains. Typical of this
area of Pennsylvania are numerous creeks and rivers, and rolling hills rising 100
to 200 meters above the valley floors. The land, much of which is tree covered,
slopes generally upward to the east to form the foothills of the Allegheny
Mountains. Prominent features include Chestnut Ridge, oriented NE-SW and situated
between the Homer City and Conemaugh Stations, and the considerably higher Laurel
Ridge immediately southeast of the Conemaugh Station.
The Keystone Station is situated in a shallow rural valley with stack base
elevation at 305 meters above mean sea level (MSL). Except for this valley, the
surrounding terrain within 5 kilometers is hilly, with the tallest peaks attaining
approximately mid-stack height. Influences of large-scale topography are not evi-
dent from past ground-level measurements of Keystone emissions, although there may
be some subtle effects that could appear during further analyses of the data.
The Homer City Station is located on a plateau with much of the surrounding
terrain at approximately the same elevation as stack base at 366 meters MSL. To
the east of the plant is a drop of about 100 meters to a valley, on the opposite
side of which is Chestnut Ridge, with peaks ranging slightly higher than mid-stack.
East of the ridge is a plateau that received higher S02 concentrations at ground
level than were found at comparable distances in other dirPL+~Qn~ ~rom the Homer
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City Station. This appeared to be caused in part by a lee effect and was not
attributable solely to the elevation of the plateau.
The Conemaugh Station is most susceptible to topographic influences. Sepa-
rating this plant from Johnstown is the Laurel Ridge with some peaks within 6
kilometers ranging up to 200 meters above stack top. Stack base elevation at this
plant is 329 meters MSL. During the October 1970 series, and to a lesser extent
during the October 1971 series, helicopter and ground-based measurements confirmed
the unique dispersion characteristics in the area. With moderate to strong flow
from the southeast quadrant, the plume was brought to the surface within a very
short distance; on one occasion, it appeared to descend onto the generating station
itself. The S02 concentrations rapidly diminished with distance to the northwest
but increased slightly on the lee side of Chestnut Ridge, about 12 to 14 kilometers
from the Conemaugh stacks. In addition to ground-level S02 measurements, this down-
wash on the lee side of Laurel Ridge was confirmed by actual subsidence of pilot
balloons in the vicinity of the Conemaugh stacks.
Accompanying this downwash phenomenon was a persistent cloud cover over the
Conemaugh Station, caused by upslope action over Laurel Ridge. Observed cloud
bases varied between 450 and 650 meters above stack base elevation with coverage
ranging from scattered to overcast, although usually broken. This cloud deck fre-
quently extended as far northwest as Chestnut Ridge, with clear skies beyond. The
lee downwash appeared to be associated with neutral ~low because on days when the
cloud cover dispersed sufficiently to allow surface heating, the downwash ceased
and the plume rose in a normal manner.
With winds from the opposite direction, i.e., the northwest quadrant, the plume
rose over Laurel Ridge and apparently mixed through a deep layer in the lee of the
ridge; relatively low concentrations were measured from ground level to the
upper limit of sampling imposed by cloud bases. If a lee-wave phenomenon exists
with northwest winds, it has not been detected by our sampling methods.
During the April 1971 series, the Conemaugh plume was discovered to be inter-
cepting ridges at considerable distances from the plant (11 to 20 kilometers) and
flowing smoothly down the lee side for about 1 or 2 kilometers before rising again.
That this phenomena was not confined to a particular wind direction was evidenced
by the various azimuths of occurrence, 275°, 327°, 353°, and 060°. Two meteoro-
logical characteristics common to all four occurrences were the presence of
strong surface inversions near the Conemaugh Station shortly after sunrise and the
sudden disappearance of the high ground-level S02 concentrations in the lee of the
ridges as surface heating commenced.
The area of study has a humid, continental type of climate modified slightly by
its nearness to the Atlantic Seaboard and the Great Lakes. Summers are mild but
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frequently humid because of invasions of air from the Gulf of Mexico. Winters are
reasonably brisk with occasional periods of extreme cold; spring and fall months
have moderate to cool temperatures. Precipitation is well distributed throughout
the year, with appreciable snowfall in winter and the maximum frequency of thunder-
storms in early summer.
Surface inversions are relatively frequent during the warmer months of the
year; in winter, however, cloudiness persists because of this area's proximity to
the track of west-east migratory storms and the frequent showery weather associated
with northwest winds across the Great Lakes. Cold air dr.ainage induced by the many
hills leads to frequent formations of early morning fog, which may be quite per-
sistent in the deeper valleys during the colder months. The study area is also
subject to relatively frequent occurrences of stagnating anticyclones, a condition
conducive to high. ambient pollution levels because of the resulting poor ventilation
HELICOPTER INSTRUMENTATION *
The primary source of airborne plume and meteorological measurements was an
instrumented Bell model 47J2 helicopter. The instrument package was designed and
fabricated by Sign X Laboratories of Essex, Connecticut, and provided the observer
with continuous, near-instantaneous measurements of sulfur dioxide and pressure
height on the top recorder, and temperature and wet-bulb depression on the bottom
(Figure 6). A description of the system follows (Sign X, 1970):
1. Sulfur dioxide: electroconductivity method with time constant of 2.0 to
2.5 seconds; four ranges with full scale 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, or 50.0 ppm; flow rate of
air sample, 2500 cc/min; flow rate of reagent, 25 cc/min; temperature compensation
in analytical cell of 2.0 percent per degree C based on 25°C; sulfur dioxide removal
from reagent (distilled water) accomplished by ion exchange resin.
2. Pressure height: double bourdon cell with time constant of 0.1 second;
electrical output linear function of pressure height according to standard atmos-
phere; four overlapping scales with 200 meters = 25.4 mm (1.0 inch) on chart.
3. Temperature: thermistor with time constant of 0.1 to 0.2 second; three
overlapping scales with 4°C = 25.4 mm (1.0 inch) on chart.
4. Wet-bulb depression: thirty-junction thermopile with time constant of
0.1 to 0.2 second; one scale with 4°C = 25.4 mm (1.0 inch) on chart.
5. Sulfur dioxide scrubber: manually operated, water- and resin-activated;
two identical inline tubes provided equivalent pressure drop whether scrubbing or
sampling directly.
*Mention of commercial products or company names does not constitute endorsement by
the Environmental Protection Agency.
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6. Recorders: Hewlett Packard Model 7100B; two-channel with plug-in modules;
full scale for each pen equivalent to half chart width with 2.54-mm vertical pen
displacement to prevent collision in the event of overlap; one minute marker and
one event marker on each recorder; chart speed = 25.4 mm (1.0 inch) per minute.
The instrument package was mounted in the left passenger cockpit position,
facing the observer, so that continuous monitoring of all four parameters could be
maintained (Figure 7). Power was supplied by the aircraft 24-volt DC power supply,
subsequently converted to 115 volts AC by means of a Topaz static inverter con-
tained in the baggage compartment.
The pressure-height sensor, attached to the lower right brace of the instru-
ment package, was connected by means of Teflon tubing to the static line of the
helicopter airspeed indicator. The remaining three sensors were externally mounted
on the left skid (Figure 8). The temperature and wet-bulb depression sensors were
located respectively fore and aft in the 75-mm-diameter cylinder with the reservoir
for the wet-bulb occupying approximately one-fourth the inner volume. The air
intake to the S02 analyzer was a 3.17-mm-interior-diameter (10) Teflon tube
inserted into the trailing edge of the 1.8-meter-long, 22.2-mm-ID steel pipe
attached to the skid.
With an airflow of 2500 cc/min into the analyzer and a Teflon'orifice in the
probe of 1.19-mm 10, the isokinetic sampling speed for this unit was calculated as
24.3 mps. Actual flights were conducted at 22.4 mps (50 mph) during 1971. Disturb.
ance of air at the sampling inlets by downwash from the helicopter rotor occurred
only when the craft was hovering and not during forward flight. Communication be-
tween the airborne observer and ground-based sampling teams was accomplished by
means of Motorola Motrac FM two-way radios.
SULFUR DIOXIDE INSTRUMENTATION
Portable Bubblers
The portable bubblers used to measure ground-level S02 concentrations under
the plume were constructed by EPA personnel and designed to obtain six consecutive
30-minute samples (Figure 9). The units were powered by 7.5-volt batteries and
maintained an average flow rate of 150 cc/min. Each of the six sampling tubes per
bubbler contained 20 ml of West-Gaeke solution through which ambient air was drawn
by a 200-cc/min-capacity pump driven by a 6-volt motor. Additional tubes con-
taining glass wool were installed downstream to prevent moisture from entering the
pump assembly.
Switching between sampling tubes was accomplished by means of a synchronous
timing motor and sequential valve. Because the sampling probe was only 15 cm above
ground when operating, Millipore filters were inserted near the inlets to prevent
8
-------
admission of particulate matter.
Technicon AutoAnalyzer.
Analyses of bubbler samples were performed on a
Technicon AutoAnalyzer
The LAPPES office at Jimmy Stewart Airport was equipped with a Technicon Auto-
Analyzer that served the dual purpose of analyzing bubbler samples and monitoring
ambient S02 (Figure 10). The S02 was measured colorimetrically. using West-Gaeke
solution as the absorbing reagent, with sulfamic acid added to depress interference
from nitrogen dioxide. Components of the AutoAnalyzer included a sampler, propor-
tioning pump, heating bath, programmer, and colorimeter-recorder.
When this AutoAnalyzer was used for on-stream monitoring, the flow rates of
air and West-Gaeke solution through the absorbing column were 1 liter/min and 1.5
cc/min respectively. Ambient air was drawn through Teflon tubing from the intake
on the office roof, 12 meters above surface; a Millipore filter was used tQ screen
out airborne particulate matter. When the instrument was used to analyze bubbler
samples, the intake line from the absorbing column was switched to the sampler
turntable where bubbler reagent was contained in individual sample cups.
The transmittance of the colored complex was measured at 572 m~ with a 50-mm
flow cell in the colorimeter. Calibration curves for data reduction were computed
by analyzing standards each time new reagents were prepared (Technicon, 1966).
METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION
Fixed Network at Jimmy Stewart Airport
Several meteorological variables were routinely monitored at Jimmy Stewart
Airport to provide supplementary data for LAPPES experiments; these included wind
speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity. hourly precipitation, and
solar radiation (Figure 11). The surface elevation for these observations was 427
meters MSL, which corresponded to mid-height of the Keystone stacks, one-quarter
height of the Homer City stacks, and one-third height of the Conemaugh stacks.
The Aerovane wind transmitter was mounted on a 10-meter tower as shown in
Figure 11. Because of a nearby active runway. the FAA required that the tower be
erected within 25 meters of the two-story office building. Winds from the quadrant
centered on 0900 may have been affected by the obstruction and should be so regarded
in the ensuing data summary.
The Aerovane was equipped with a six-bladed impeller whose starting speed was
about 0.7 mps; wind direction was sensed by the streamlined vane. Values for the
wind speed and direction were electrically transmitted, and recorded continuously on
a two-channel recorder. Range of wind speed was 0 to 44.7 mps (0 to 100 mph) on one
channel; range of wind direction was 540 degrees of azimuth, allowing for crossover,
on the other channel. Speed of chart rotation was 76.2 mm (3.0 inches) per hour.
9
-------
Hourly temperature and relative humidity values were obtained from a standard
National Weather Service hygrothermograph positioned in a louvered "cotton-region
type" shelter. Maximum and minimum thermometers and a sling psychrometer were used
to maintain calibration on the hygrothermograph. Precipitation totals were ob-
tained from a weighing-bucket rain gage with verification provided by a standard
20.32-cm (8-inch) gage.
An Eppley pyranometer provided hourly values of total sun and sky radiation.
Measurements were produced as a result of a voltage difference between two exposed
concentric rings, one painted with lampblack, the other smoked with magnesium
oxide. A continuous record was maintained by means of a Leeds and Northrup Speed-
omax H recorder. Full pen displacement was equivalent to 2.0 Langleys per minute,
while the speed of chart rotation was 50.8 mm (2.0 inches) per hour.
Special Observations
Radiosonde Releases In support of the airborne and ground-based plume and meteor-
ological measurements, free radiosondes were released twice daily during selected
experimental periods from Jimmy Stewart Airport. A 100-gram pilot balloon inflated
to about 1100 grams lift carried the 403-megacycle package aloft at a rate of about
300 meters/min (Figure 12). Transmissions of pressure, temperature, and humidity
were recorded on a 403-megacycle receiver using a manually-operated parabolic
antenna, while visual tracking by theodolite provided winds aloft data (rabal).
Both receiver and theodolite monitoring were terminated at 700 millibars.
Pilot Balloon Ascents Winds aloft were routinely measured during experiments at
the Conemaugh and Keystone Stations by double-theodolite observations of he1ium-
filled pilot balloons. Inflation of 30-gram sounding balloons to about 45 grams
lift provided an ascension rate of approximately 130 meters/minute through the
1500-meter observational layer. The use of a balloon inflated to a specific ascen-
sion rate permitted single-theodolite operation in the event one of the stations
lost the balloon in flight or experienced instrument or communication malfunction.
Observations were obtained by means of standard Warren-Knight Model No. 85
theodolites positioned at the end of baselines ranging in length from 283 to 552
meters. Several baselines were established at each generating station to ensure
adequate angular separation between simultaneous instrument readings and minimum
steam plume interference for a wide range of wind directions. Except when prema-
turely obscured by clouds or steam plumes, the balloons were tracked for 10 minutes,
with azimuth and elevation angles read at 30-second intervals. Communication be-
tween the two theodolite sites was maintained by E. F- Johnson Personal Messenger,
all-transistor, battery-powered transceivers.
10
-------
OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR LAPPES EXPERIMENTS
Airborne measurements of the Conemaugh and Keystone plumes during 1971 were
obtained during two separate flight periods designated as the April 1971 and October
1971 series respectively. Unless prevented by plant shutdown, helicopter malfunc-
tion, or adverse weather, helicopter flights were conducted every day during these
periods. Adverse weather for this type of experiment included ceilings lower than
the plume, excessive ground fog, or strong turbulence caused by high winds; rain or
snow alone did not curtail the flights. To permit visual observation of the plume,
Pennsylvania Electric Company personnel reduced precipitator efficiency to allow
limited flyash release during periods in which experiments were conducted.
Usually two flights, each lasting about 150 minutes, were made on a series day.
The first commenced at dawn while the plume was normally isolated from the ground
by stable atmospheric layers near the surface. This flight consisted of one to
three cross sections preceded and followed by a 1000-meter vertical temperature
profile just upwind of the Conemaugh or Keystone stacks. The cross sections were
made at 4-, 10-, and 16-kilometer arcs downwind and consisted of successive cross-
wind flights through the plume at 60-meter vertical intervals; occasionally 30-meter
intervals were flown to better define the top and bottom edges. The first traverse
of each cross section was made approximately midway between top and bottom, with
successively higher traverses until the top was reached; then lower from the center
until the bottom was completed. In some cases this procedure was reversed so that
the lower half of the plume was flown first. By maintaining a constant forward
speed of 50 mph and by indicating surface reference points during plume passage,
the geometry of the plume may be reconstructed.
The second flight of a series day began simultaneously with the normal temper-
ature transition during which the layer in which the plume was imbedded was brought
to the ground. In addition to obtaining two or three more temperature profiles,
the helicopter was flown parallel and normal to the plume's longitudinal axis near
the surface to obtain the x and y dimensions of ground-level S02 concentrations.
This treetop-level flight was usually continued as long as fuel permitted unless
the ground-level concentrations originating from the plume terminated sooner. Occa-
sionally a third flight was executed during the afternoon to measure the effects
of a looping plume or the sustained downwash from a limited mixing layer regime.
If no ground-level concentrations occurred on a particular day, the second flight
was sometimes used to repeat one or more cross sections. All plume cross-section
and crosswind ground-level traverses were flown in the shape of arcs centered on
the Conemaugh or Keystone stacks. Helicopter positions during airborne sampling
were monitored and recorded by means of an on-board set of 7.5-minute-quadrangle
topographic maps (USGS, 1971).
11
-------
Helicopter measurements of ground-level concentrations were complemented with
a series of consecutive 3D-minute samples made by ten bubblers on the ground beneath
the plume. Placement of these portable units was dependent on helicopter location
of the plume aloft, and usually spanned the expected lateral projection to the
ground, of the plume aloft, ranging from near the plant to as far out as 28 kilo-
meters. On days of drastic plume shift, as determined from helicopter observation
prior to inversion breakup, the bubblers which had already been set out were not
analyzed when it was obvious that they were not influenced by the plume.
Prior to and after the daily airborne operations, radiosondes were released at
Jimmy Stewart Airport. Although detailed helicopter temperature measurements
revealed the stability through the plume's vertical extent, the radiosondes de-
tected such other pertinent features as subsidence inversions aloft. In addition,
these radiosonde releases will provide a means of comparing the climatology of
Pittsburgh with that of the immediate area. Between these two releases, double-
theodolite pibals were taken every 30 minutes at the Conemaugh or Keystone Station
to provide data on the wind directly affecting plume dispersion.
SELECTED PWME PHOTOGRAPHS
To assist in the physical interpretation of data contained in Part 2 of this
volume, four selected plume photographs are presented in Plates 1 through 4. Verti-
cal stability and wind data for these cases may be found in Tables 8, 9, and 10,
and dimensions of the plumes are depicted in Table 3. In all four photographs, a
visible plume was produced by means of intentional, limited flyash emission.
Plate 1 depicts the Conemaugh plume under very light wind conditions, with
unit 1 operating at full capacity (900 megawatts). The first cross section of the
morning revealed a plume width at 4 kilometers downwind of 129° or 9.0 kilometers.
Two hours later, at the time of this photograph, the plume had backed about 75° and
had narrowed to approximately one-half its former width. The limited vertical
extent of the S02 plume was caused by a stable layer aloft based about 700 meters
above stack base elevation and including a 0.8°C inversion between 735 and 950
meters. Subsequent helicopter flights detected ground-level S02 concentrations on
both sides of Laurel Ridge to 26 kilometers downwind, while portable bubblers pro-
vided coverage of the looping plume close to the generating station.
Dispersion of the Conemaugh plume across Laurel Ridge under near-neutral
stability and moderate-to-high wind speeds is shown in Plate 2, taken from 4 kilo-
meters downwind. Vertical mixing of the S02 plume was confined between the surface
and a stable layer aloft based about 1050 meters above stack base elevation. This
restriction on vertical dispersion was responsible for the fairly high ground-level
S02 concentrations measured by the helicopter on both sides of Laurel Ridge out to
12
-------
16 kilometers. When this photograph was taken. unit 2 at the Conemaugh Station was
operating near 83 percent of rated capacity.
Plate 3 illustrates the behavior of the Conemaugh plume while crossing the
Conemaugh Gorge under moderate wind. stable conditions. The photograph is oriented
so that the viewer is looking NNW. parallel with the gorge; the location of the peak
at upper left is 100°/7.5 kilometers from the Conemaugh stacks. The subsidence of
the S02 plume as it crosses the gorge after traversing Laurel Ridge dramatizes the
lee wave effect described in Part 1 under Topography and General Climatology. On
four separate occasions during the April 1971 series. the stable Conemaugh plume
was discovered to be intercepting distant ridges and flowing smoothly down the lee
side for 1 or 2 kilometers before rising again. On the day depicted in Plate 3.
the bottom of the 10 kilometer cross section was at the surface in the lee of Laurel
Ridge although the S02 concentrations were not as high as in the four above-mentioned
cases. At the time of the photograph. units 1 and 2 of the Conemaugh Station were
operating at 100 and 60 percent capacity respectively.
Plate 4 presents the Conemaugh plume from a vantage point about 10 kilometers
downwind. The plume. emitted from unit 2 operating at 89 percent of rated capacity.
is contained within a surface-based stable layer which extends beyond 1250 meters
above stack base elevation. This limited vertical extent combined with extreme
width (15.2 kilometers at 10 kilometers downwind) are characteristic of a fanning
plume; the horizontal dispersion in this case is further enhanced by light air flow
accompanied by oscillating directions. Four hours after this photograph was taken.
the plume had narrowed to 5.2 kilometers at 10 kilometers downwind. about one-third
its original width. Interestingly. the centerline remained in exactly the same
location; the plume had narrowed 28° and 29° on the right and left sides respec-
tively. Subsequent helicopter flights revealed high ground-level S02 concentrations
out to 34 kilometers during inversion breakup and out to 38 kilometers under a
limited mixing layer which persisted through the entire day.
CONTRACT PARTICIPATION IN LAPPES PROJECT
In addition to observations by EPA personnel. one contractor. Brookhaven
National Laboratory. participated in the LAP PES Project during 1971. During May.
October. and November 1971. Brookhaven personnel used a fixed-wing aircraft to
procure measurements pertaining to plume geometry and plume chemistry. By means
of an on-board densitometer using right-angle scattering with maximum sensitivity
at 0.6 microns. flyash particles in the 0.01- to 10-micron diameter range were
detected during successive crosswind flights downwind. thus providing a means of
defining plume geometry. In support of efforts to determine S02 reactions in the
plume aloft. controlled amounts of sulfur hexaflouride (SF6) were released into
the stack effluent. Evacuated flasks fitted with critical orifices were used for
11
-------
airborne collection. In order to obtain crosswind integrated values of SF6. one
continuous sample was obtained during each horizontal plume traverse. Subsequent
gas chromatograph analyses of the samples will provide data with which simultaneous
airborne S02 measurements can be compared and chemical reactions determined.
14
-------
r----
@1
----------_._--~
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Figure 1.
Locations of generating stations.
-------
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m
Figure 2.
Keystone Generating Station.
-------
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Figure 3.
Homer City Generating Station.
-------
Figure 4.
Conemaugh Generating Station.
-------
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Figure 5.
Topography of generating station complex.
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#'..~
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I
.,
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.,
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,
~ --
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Helicoptet' instrument package.
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Figure 7.
Interior of instrumented helicopter.
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Figure 8.
External helicopter probe.
-------
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Figure 9.
Portable 502 bubbler.
-------
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,
Figure 10.
Technicon AutoAna1yzer.
-------
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Fig u re 11.
Surface meteorological instrumentation at Jimmy Stewart Airport.
-------
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26
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.
-------
PART 2 - DATA TABULATIONS
INTRODUCTION
Part 2 presents in tabulated form the specialized air quality and meteorolog-
ical measurements as well as the plant operational data collected during two 1971
LAP PES series. Supplementary data that may assist in analyzing plume dispersion
are also included. These consist of surface meteorological and S02 measurements
obtained at Jimmy Stewart Airport and surface and 500-millibar charts for each
series day. An introduction to each set of tables describes the data and format
and gives other pertinent information.
The specialized air quality and meteorological measurements and plant opera-
tional data contained in Part 2 of this volume were collected during the following
periods:
April 1971 LAPPES Series
October 1971 LAPPES Series
21 April - 20 May 1971
18 October 17 November 1971
Supplementary data are included in Tables
series as well as for specific days during the
periods:
1 and 2 for the above two LAPPES
following contractor experiment
Brookhaven
Brookhaven
Brookhaven
Plume Tracking
Plume Tracking
Plume Tracking
19 - 24 May 1971
8 - 15 October 1971
3 - 5 November 1971
All data are presented in metric units because the adoption of a single consis-
tent set of units allows more direct utilization of the data. This required con-
version of the following measurements: Aerovane wind speed, surface temperature
and precipitation, and all plant operational data. In performing these conversions,
care was exercised that neither a sacrifice nor an implied gain of accuracy was
effected.
Both polar and rectangular coordinate systems are utilized in this data
summary. With the Conemaugh or Keystone stacks as origin, the polar coordinates
locate specific points such as cross section reference points and bubbler sites.
On the other hand, right-hand rectangular coordinates are primarily used to indi-
cate directions and have no fixed origin. The rectangular system is oriented so
that plus x points downwind, and plus y indicates a counterclockwise direction
around the source.
27
-------
Actual terrain elevations under plume cross sections (Table 3)
helicopter flights (Tables 4 and 5) may be obtained by referring to
published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, 1971).
and ground-level
topographic maps
DAIL Y EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
An experiment summary page is presented in Table 1 for each day during 1971
on which flights were made by the LAPPES helicopter or on which data were collected
by Brookhaven National Laboratory. Although hourly, plant-operational data are
listed in Table 12, the headings in the experiment summary identify the generating
station being sampled and designate the units in operation.
The summary sheets also enumerate the types of air quality and meteorological
measurements collected each day by LAPPES personnel. Although data from Brook-
haven's activities are not included in this volume, their participation is noted on
specific days. Also included is a commentary in which deviations from normal exper-
iment procedures are explained and items of relevant information are presented.
During both 1971 series, the Conemaugh plume occasionally traversed Chestnut Ridge
or laurel Ridge; this fact is mentioned in the commentary on appropriate days to
alert the reader that surface elevations under the plume were considerably higher
than stack base elevation.
The final section of each daily experiment summary consists of a brief descrip-
tion of the existing synoptic situation and the 0700 EST surface and SOO-millibar
charts from the Daily Weather Map (NOAA, 1971). The plume wind included in the
synoptic description is intended only to furnish a general indication of plume
direction and speed; complete wind profiles are presented in Tables 9 and 10 of this
volume.
28
-------
GLC
Regional
Local
Low clouds
Middle clouds
High clouds
Plume wind
Mps
Table 1.
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
Legend
Ground-level S02 concentration.
Description of Daily Weather Map surface and 500-mb features over
eastern half U.S., and surface and 500-mb winds at Pittsburgh.
: Meteorological conditions in vicinity of source generating station
at beginning and end of daily sampling periods. Because of topo-
graphical influences near the Conemaugh Station, these local
observations do not necessarily reflect conditions downwind.
Cloud base lower than 2000 meters above stack base elevation.
Cloud base between 2000 and 6000 meters above stack base
elevation.
Cloud base higher than 6000 meters above stack base elevation.
: Pilot balloon wind at 300 meters above stack base elevation at
Conemaugh or 250 meters above stack base elevation at Keystone.
If pilot balloon not available, plume wind determined from radio-
sonde and so indicated.
Meters per second.
29
-------
w
o
Table 1.
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 21 April 1971
Conemaugh Plume Units 1 and 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
High 502 background aloft and at surface. Very wide plume. Three cross sections attempted; 16 km cross section in-
complete because of low fuel supply. 10 km cross section, flown during light rain showers, reflects shifting wind
direction; bottom was at the surface. Good coverage of neutral GLC by helicopter and bubblers out to 25 km. No
afternoon flight attempted because of low-level turbulence and intermittent rain showers. AutoAnalyzer at airport
office measured high background GLC during morning and early afternoon. Plume heading across Laurel Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over eastern Lake Ontario with cold front southwestward through Pittsburgh to secondary low
over Indiana-Ohio border; weak trough along middle Atlantic coast. Surface wind NW 5 mps. Closed 500-mb low over
southern Ontario-Quebec border with trough extending into Wisconsin; near-zonal flow over southeastern U.S. Wind at
500 mb NW 23 mps.
Local - Sunrise low overcast; light rain showers at 8 and 10 AM. Stable with inversions to 710 meters; lapse above
to 1090 meters. Plume wind W 6 mps. 1 PM low overcast with light rain showers. Neutral to 865 meters; stable above
to 1085 meters. Plume wind SW 4 mps.
-------
Table 1 (continued). DA
: " ILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
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Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 22 April 1971
Conemaugh Plume Units 1 and 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Only 4 and 10 km cross sections attempted. Tops of both incomplete because of low clouds; bottoms were at the sur-
face. High wind, neutral GLC measured by helicopter on both sides of Laurel Ridge but not on top because of low
clouds. Ground-level flights discontinued and bubblers were not set out because of rain showers. Low-altitude ter-
mination of temperature profiles and pilot balloons caused by low clouds. Plume heading across Laurel Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Elongated closed low centered over eastern Maine with cold front southwestward from Nova Scotia through
North Carolina; closed high over Manitoba with ridge southeastward to Kentucky. Surface wind NW 5 mps. Closed 500-
mb low over Maine with trough southwestward through Pennsylvania. Wind at 500 mb NW 23 mps.
Local - Sunrise low overcast; light rain showers beginning at 8 AM. Slight inversion 350-400 meters; neutral below
and lapse above to 515 meters. Plume wind W 8 mps. 9 AM low overcast with light rain showers. Slight inversion
400-450 meters; neutral below and above to 510 meters. Plume wind WNW 8 mps.
-------
Tab 1 e 1
(continued).
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
'-
-------
w
~
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 23 April 1971
Conemaugh Plume Units 1 and 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Section
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
High S02 background aloft. One 4 km cross section completed; no 10 or 16 km cross sections attempted to conserve
flight time for GLC measurements. Good coverage of inversion breakup GLC and subsequent looping plume GLC by heli-
copter out to 22 km; partial coverage by bubblers. No afternoon flight attempted because of strong low-level tur-
bulence. AutoAnalyzer at airport office measured GLC from Keystone plume during inversion breakup. Plume heading
across Laurel Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over mouth of St. Lawrence River and over northern Mississippi; weak ridge from Dakotas through
North Carolina coast. Surface wind calm. Northeastern U.S. under influence of deep 500-mb low centered over New
Brunswick; zonal flow over southeastern U.S. Wind at 500 mb NW 35 mps.
Local - Sunrise clear; haze and smoke 8-11 AM. Stable with inversions to 450 meters; lapse above to 1100 meters.
Plume wind WSW 3 mps. Noon clear. Neutral to 1120 meters. Plume wind W 11 mps.
-------
Table 1
(continued).
flU DAY, APIUl. la. 1971
-- u_- --.-..-.--------.
"--__n___.._-
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w
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DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
':
-------
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~
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 24 April 1971
Conemaugh Plume Units 1 and 2
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
S02 Measurements
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosonde
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
High S02 background at surface. Only 4 and 10 km cross sections completed; no 16 km cross section attempted to con-
serve flight time for GLC measurements. Partial coverage of high wind, neutral GLC by helicopter out to 22 km.
Ground-level flights discontinued and bubblers picked up early because of strong low-level turbulence and rain and
snow showers. AutoAnalyzer at airport office measured high background GLC during early morning. Afternoon radiosonde
not released.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over lakes Huron and Ontario with cold front through Pittsburgh and St. Louis; secondary low
off central Atlantic coast. Surface wind WSW 8 mps. Closed 500-mb lows over Lake Huron and eastern Quebec; near-
zonal flow over eastern fourth U.S. Wind at 500 mb W 35 mps.
local - Sunrise low overcast. Surface inversion to 380 meters; lapse above t~ 1065 meters. Plume wind SW 13 mps.
10 AM low overcast with light rain and snow showers. Near-neutral to 565 meters. Plume wind WSW 12 mps.
-------
Table 1
(conti nued).
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24 APRIL 1971
0700 EST
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I
h
'-
, -----
-------
w
~
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 26 April 1971
Conemaugh Plume Units 1 and 2
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
SO? Measurements
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Radiosondes
He1ecoDter Temperature Profiles
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Very wide plume. Only 4 and 10 km cross sections attempted; bottoms were at the surface. Top of 10 km cross section
incomplete because of low clouds. Good coverage of neutral GLC by helicopter and bubblers out to 20 km. Ground-level
flights discontinued because of rain and snow showers. Low-altitude termination of some pilot balloons caused by low
clouds. Plume heading across Laurel Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Weak NE-SW trough through Atlantic coastal states; weak ridge from Wisconsin through Florida. Surface
wind W 5 mps. Closed 500-mb low over Maine and southeastern Canada; strong NW-SE flow over eastern third U.S. Wind
at 500 mb NW 30 mps.
Local - Sunrise broken to overcast low clouds with fog and haze. Surface inversion to 100 meters; lapse above to 1095
meters. Plume wind W 5 mps. 11 AM low overcast with light rain and snow showers. Near-neutral to 1095 meters.
Plume wind W 9 mps.
-------
Table 1
(conti nued).
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
~ --~_...
--~--_.~-- -.---
-----~--
, ,
:.aJ~
v~_J-~:'" r' r \ " . '\.
~,- '~~"
-5 , ~ ,Y \
- , . - -
-~_.~~""
..~-------
-~-_..._- -------
-------
~
o
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 28 April 1971
Conemaugh Plume Units 1 and 2
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
S02 Measurements
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Pilot Balloons
Meteorological Measurements
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Very wide plume. Only 4 and 10 km cross sections attempted; bottoms were at the surface. Top of 4 km cross section
incomplete because of steam plume interference; 10 km cross section flown during light rain showers. Few GLC measured
by helicopter before increased rainfall and restricted visibility forced termination of flights. Zero GLC measured
by bubblers because Laurel Ridge lee wave did not develop. Low-altitude termination of pilot balloons and one temper-
ature profile caused by low clouds; no radiosondes released.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Large closed low over northeastern U.S.; secondary low from Alabama through South Carolina. Surface wind
light southeasterly. 500-mb ridge along central Atlantic coast through Quebec; strong zonal flow over southeastern
U.S. Wind at 500 mb W 30 mps.
Local - Sunrise low overcast with light rain showers. Stable with inversions to 1000 meters. Plume wind S 7 mps.
8 AM low overcast with light rain showers and fog. Stable with inversions to 570 meters. Plume wind SSW 3 mps.
-------
Tab 1 e 1
(conti nued).
'---""-, -~-_..
._~.._------~_._--_.._--".
)UJ"~
. .<",,",'.
- ,
DAIL Y EXPERIMENT SUM~1ARY
-------
~
N
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 29 April 1971
Conemaugh Plume Units 1 and 2
SO? Measurements
Plume Cross Section
Helicopter Peak GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meterological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
One 4 km cross section attempted but top incomplete because of low clouds; bottom was at the surface. Partial cover-
age of high wind, neutral GLC by helicopter out to 25 km; good coverage by bubblers. Ground-level flights discontin-
ued because of strong low-level turbulence and rain showers. Low-altitude termination of temperature profiles and
pilot balloons caused by low clouds. Plume heading across Laurel Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over Ontario-New York border with trough southeastward; weak high over central and southeastern
U.S. Surface wind W 5 mps. Closed 500-mb low over northern Manitoba with trough southeastward through Connecticut
coast; near-zonal flow over southeastern U.S. Wind at 500 mb NW 35 mps.
Local - Sunrise low overcast with fog and haze. Near-neutral to 840 meters. Plume wind W 13 mps.
with light rain showers and fog. Near-neutral to 800 meters. Plume wind W 10 mps.
9 AM low overcast
-------
Table 1
(continued).
---~-------- ---_._--~
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
-------
~
~
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 4 May 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 1
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
High S02 background aloft. Only 4 and 10 km cross sections attempted. Tops of both incomplete because of high S02
background; bottoms were at the surface. Good coverage of limited mixing layer GLC and looping plume GLC by heli-
copter out to 25 km; partial coverage by bubblers. No afternoon flight attempted because of strong low-level turbu-
lence. AutoAnalyzer at airport office measured GLC from Keystone plume during inversion breakup. Low-altitude
termination of first 5 pilot balloons caused by steam plume interference. Plume heading across Laurel Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over New England states; large high centered over Alabama dominating southeastern U.S. Surface
wind NW 5 mps. Closed 500-mb low over New Hampshire with trough southward along Atlantic coast; weak ridge from
Missouri through Lake Huron. Wind at 500 mb NNW 20 mps.
Local - Sunrise clear.
scattered low clouds.
Inversion 650-800 meters; lapse below and above to 1110 meters.
Neutral to 1100 meters. Plume wind WNW 12 mps.
Plume wind W 9 mps.
11 AM
-------
- -_....u_-~--
, .,-~----~'~-_.._-~---------~----,~--
Table 1 (continued).
"~'"
'%
~~,~ .
SEA TEVnPRES$TJ~Cr.fAP
4 ~1AY 1971
0700 EST
-I'>
Ul
., ,,"'" _.~.
,- I
!
\0'6
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
.~~-, . ::,.
K. '-.(
:-'-~,/ '-....~ . ~".
~iCrIT:m6-HtTr;HlCW\"Rr ~\. '\
4 MAY 1971- . "~
0700 EST . ""'""
> '
'''-..
L
-------
~
m
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 5 May 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 1
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Dat~
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Very wide plume. Only 4 and 10 km cross sections attempted; 10 km cross section not completed because of interfer-
ence by Seward plume and to conserve flight time for GLC measurements. Good coverage of inversion breakup GLC and
looping plume GLC by helicopter out to 22 km. Ground-level flights discontinued because of strong low-level turbu-
lence. Bubblers measured mostly zero GLC at distant locations from Conemaugh. AutoAnalyzer at airport office meas-
ured GLC from Homer City plume during inversion breakup.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over New Brunswick with trough southwestward to low in Nebraska; high over southeastern U.S.
Surface wind SW 5 mps. Closed 500-mb low over Lake Superior; northwesterly flow over eastern U.S. Wind at 500 mb
WNW 25 mps.
Local - Sunrise broken to overcast low clouds. Stable with inversions to 750 meters; near-neutral above to 1110
meters. Plume wind SW 10 mps. 10 AM scattered low clouds. Near-neutral to 1090 meters. Plume wind W 7 mps.
-------
Tab 1 e 1 (conti nued) .
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
~~~~> ~~~.~"_.~ ~ ":' -;:::--L
500-mb HEIGHT CHART
5 MAY 1971
0700 EST
\. .
'- ~ .
,.....~......
"
--- -----~---~~"
-------
~
ro
Table 1. (continued)
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 7 May 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 1
S02 Measurements
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Radiosonde
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
No cross sections attempted because of restricted visibility at plume level. High GLC measured by helicopter fn lee
of distant ridge (12 km downwind) during early morning stable period. Partial coverage of inversion breakup GLC and
looping plume GLC by helicopter out to 24 km. Bubblers measured mostly zero GLC because of plume shift. Release of
pilot balloons delayed by fog; no afternoon radiosonde released. Plume heading across Chestnut Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over northwestern Missouri with stationary front eastward through Virginia; weak ridge over
Great Lakes and New England. Surface wind calm. 500-mb ridge from Georgia coast through Michigan to James Bay;
weak low over Nebraska and Iowa. Wind at 500 mb WNW 25 mps.
Local - Sunrise clear witQ fog and haze. Stable with inversions to 700 meters; lapse above to 1100 meters. Plume
wind (from radiosonde) NE 6 mps. 11 AM low scattered, high overcast. Near-neutral to 1100 meters. Plume wind SE 4
mps.
-------
Tab 1 e 1
(conti nued).
",., '~' ,~~ ,,., ,ooorn,,"'" '" I"",'''''(jj'''''' , '('
~. ----------~ I ,,'.' j .
I "')O'~ "/
. ~ ~ . /
-/i>'-' ' ",,"1' I' .' /
,;?'~~ - // "'",. ".-/ :
~"": / "~ - -AI; <-
, , " '" ..:': 4 / ~',j".-- '...- ,/' . ~ .~~ " ,), 1< ,
~0 :k-//~V~0:i~.
~~~( . :'o~< .->'~~f:! '~1-)';~'Y ,",,~~~~; .>". '
..,,-.:r, ,~,~ ""~j.--/'" /C;~,,,;:,, ~"""1riGa':*l>-f,r '0'6 ~,~~",:4
(2 "." \~"" .:: ,,;'i:: ::.,;: ,~";;4 " ~ ",,,,'-,, w.", ~.-'rr '
. . '1~" , f.7'" :;y.: I / ,:'>~,*"-' "'q,o/ , -"',,"...,..
-;~ -t .,.'- ""," '>-, U _I '~, ,',..,. -lJf-/-..;. ...,
.' ~{P" ~ 'd/,..'~ '--. YL' ;,. Q'~to<, :::~~.~(>::,,' ~.-' ~~.'~.','" --,<;~
,~ ~ . \ :"~I) '-'.f"', -, . ',., < ~. ,
~'.~. 'C" 'V;,.~ ~ K;f, IJ '~;;' ~., ~';::;, ,--J:; '''/,
::~'J"';;"'~ to,. ':., ':'f.;\;;~~'~'~~ " ..'
~',~' ~',p, 10'-" ' JOJ.i'1f4.1O_1 .-ir'~'r ~'~"":/' ". ,~,,, I
.~-- ~: '0' ~,'~> ~'';;; ,+ .,,;,--:;:v _. ,(, ,,7,,) ,'''''\
v~, J." \~~~; '-'""'""1 ,,~.;~ $j I
~ t"~. .,,' ~0l?:i:\' I ~ ,,' ", i
\:".J~'~"'''' ..'~ y'. \, ',-""'~,',',,', ",'
. ' . $~"o~<:--- \:;.~.~ '<1 "f -,,~, ...... ~~> :->,
'.J". ' .. . .i. ,',',," ~"~' ., .~"~
."- - -~ '-.;" . '-W'~~
SEA LEVEL PRESSURE MAP - ::.~,. "", ,'4 ,',' , :
7 MAY 1971 . "'~r\ ~ '~,"';i
0700 EST -.. ,
''"
'O;':S'
DAIL Y EXPERH1ENT SUMMARY
! ~
i
I"
-------
rn
o
Table 1. (continued)
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 10 May 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 1
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Very wide plume. Only 4 and 10 km cross sections completed; no 16 km cross section attempted to conserve flight time
for GLC measurements. Excellent coverage of inversion breakup GLC by helicopter out to 40 km. S02 from Seward plume
included in GLC measurements within 10 km. Sparse coverage of GLC by bubblers because of placement too far west.
Low-altitude termination of last few pilot balloons caused by scattered cumulus.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Large high dominating eastern third U.S.; E-W frontal trough through Gulf coast states. Surface wind calm.
Closed 500-mb low off New England coast; ridge from Alabama through western Great Lakes. Wind at 500 mb N 8 mps.
Local - Sunrise scattered high clouds with ground fog in valleys.
to 1120 meters. Plume wind SE 2 mps. 11 AM scattered low clouds.
below and above to 1135 meters. Plume wind N 3 mps.
Stable with inversions to 650 meters; lapse above
Isothermal layer 450-500 meters; near-neutral
-------
Table 1
(continued).
U"1
-'
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
:)''''~'f>
~IO~_-
500-mb HEIGHT CHART
10 MAY 1971
0700 EST
~ "
~
\~:.o" , \""~oc
-------
~
N
Table 1. (continued)
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 11 May 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 1
Plume Cross Section
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
S02 Measurements
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
One 4 km cross section completed; no 10 or 16 km cross sections attempted to conserve flight time for GLC measure-
ments. Very high GLC measured by helicopter in lee of distant ridge (14-15 km downwind) during early morning stable
period. S02 from Seward plume included in GLC measurements near Conemaugh during early morning. Good coverage of
inversion breakup GLC out to 28 km; partial coverage by bubblers. Plume heading diagonally across Chestnut Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Large high dominating eastern third U.S.; NE-SW frontal trough from Iowa to eastern Quebec. Surface wind
light easterly. 500-mb low over western Ontario with trough over central U.S.; ridge through Atlantic coastal states.
Wind at 500 mb SW 8 mps.
Local - Sunrise broken high clouds with ground fog in valleys. Surface inversion to 600 meters; lapse above to 1110
meters. Plume wind SE 4 mps. Noon scattered high clouds. Neutral to 1080 meters. Plume wind SSE 5 mDS.
-------
) DAILY
1 (continued.
Table
~ ; (~" ~:~. ~ I' ~ ';;: ,,~ "~'" .", 1.
folrs 10:'~{,) I ,G '~'I "'~ ::;,;~- "'-....... :<':~ /" ,. 'c< " ,>' ~(,<:'""~~,;. -~%> ~b
I~ ,'I;; ~, ,. ~ £ !!I> "? ".' ,
/ 1~" ',. ., (:E' ,,- I'. . " <' ,...- ''1. ~
"'~"~:~;\;~':'C'''I!~~::' ",~:t~~/
r "., "" ~~.'. ',' 't<;!,..~7;.J c: ,~j:::~
~;.,';~ ~;~' \' "p,ti,. ",,i-cii,,, /
"C~\\:;~~;~~.~,~:~::~~;~ '. <~~. i": .~~":::[c'~>;t'
\ . ~/"'Y '~
'>,' ~,'~ '. ~.~~;,~ , ':"
,.., -"El. PRESSURE MA J.'- :" .,,~
SEA LEV 71 ,,,. "" ,
11 MAY 19 "
0700 EST
lJl
W
fIJO')-
-------
m
~
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series
14 May 1971
Conemaugh Plume Units 1 and 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Section
Helicopter Peak GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
One 4 km cross section completed; no 10 or 16 km cross sections attempted because of interference by Seward plume.
Good coverage of limited mixing layer GLC and looping plume GLC by helicopter out to 24 km. S02 from Seward plume
included in GLC measurements past 4 km. Bubblers were not set out because of plume shift. AutoAnalyzer at airport
office measured GLC from Homer City plume during inversion breakup and from Keystone plume under limited mixing layer.
Plume heading diagonally across Laurel Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Wide ridge over eastern half U.S.; stationary front across northwestern Pennsylvania. Surface wind SW 5
mps. Deep 500-mb low over northern Quebec with trough southward through New Jersey coast; NE-SW trough over central
and southeastern U.S. Wind at 500 mb NW 23 mps.
Local - Sunrise clear with fog and haze. Stable with inversions to 800 meters; lapse above to 1080 meters. Plume
wind SW 8 mps. Noon scattered low and middle clouds with haze. Near-neutral to 1090 meters. Plume wind W 5 mps.
-------
Table 1
(continued).
"", ''''' "~\t.~~" 'V ''', H"'" JT"J, 00' , ,.,,~'~"'.>-- '~~ "M
\\~~~~' ',o:"'~\ ~.,~;' ','ii;,'-'"' ""J:~~~ " ,'I:
\' . , \
\ <>\ ~.. \., ::'~,';: ,J
~,..,,, \\,;: . .. ",;;'~"\ > ',j, ~:
"" ",,~,C' ;:,,;. ,,\ " .;,';ri(\1~J"
,",~'~l< ~, . ~,." <:"'\"":~:""_~;~S/\~~'~~~!;,~>'"''
))"~ lP" ~f'-" .., \, "-1:'1k,.1!.'j;.
:~"" ".;" i.,;. ':. .:1 ',\' , '.,'f" ! .",'", 7;!,;;&1~" ;,' ,,'
,~y~\~ \;;..\:~ ' :j~'),f:/>, ':~:;:ot$:~);~f~;~~;::~~ '
'.~ I J" "'~ J";" \ ' ..,"'\"~,..,~',...,,'
/t.':r,~~~,~;:,,::~':if~j~ .
j (' I -7(' ,.", '~ ' , .' ".' "1t'j '" WJ"%' ,:-., "'''
' . ;"', ~"J \ .. "',:.; '" "~, .%: " '1!:.'i'~,,,,,~:
,~.' ''>'''"" ",n " i"-- .,." ",/>",..,.,",,, ,,~
"';%,.t:J~'O\:~iO \; ',0 .. C.,,' ~:~:. ~~ .~~@,z; ~~~~I< '
\(~, ,0,', '\,- ",.:' ~'" -> V"""', <,~""
~ ,,' '\;:. "(, >j;;~~~ " tit.'
SEA LEVEL PRESSURE Mi\P. . ~,,1~':::~,:"':' ~, , ~r:~
14 MAY 1971 ,,;;~/:\,. ,
0700 EST "",,/. " ,~, ' "
U1
U1
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
-------
rn
0'
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMr~RY
April 1971 Series 15 May 1971
Conemaugh Plume Units 1 and 2
S02 Measurements
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Very wide plume. No cross sections attempted to conserve flight time for GLC measurements. Very high GLC measured
by helicopter in lee of distant ridge (11-12 km downwind) during early morning stable period. S02 from Seward plume
included in GLC measurements near Conemaugh during early morning and past 4 km during remainder of sampling period.
Good coverage of inversion breakup GLC and looping plume GLC by helicopter and bubblers out to 28 km. AutoAnalyzer
at airport office measured GLC from Conemaugh plume during inversion breakup.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - High centered off New England coast with ridge southwestward to Texas; stationary front from Ontario to
western Texas. Surface wind calm. N-S 500-mb ridge through New England states; closed low over Arkansas. Wind at
500 mb SW 8 mps.
Local - Sunrise broken low clouds. Stable with inversions to 600 meters; near-neutral above to 1100 meters.
wind S 5 mps. 11 AM broken h-igh clouds. Neutral to 1050 meters. Plume wind S 4 mps.
Plume
-------
Table 1 (continued).
OAr L Y EXPERH1ENT SUMMARY
-------
~
ro
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 17 May 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 1
S02 Measurements
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
High S02 background at surface. Helicopter takeoff delayed by low clouds and fog. No cross sections attempted
because of restricted visibility at plume level. Good coverage of limited mixing layer GLC and looping plume GLC by
helicopter out to 16 km. No afternoon flight attempted because of strong low-level turbulence. Bubblers were not
set out. AutoAnalyzer at airport office measured high background GLC during morning. Plume heading across Laurel
Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - High centered over Alabama dominating southeastern U.S.; cold front from eastern Ontario through Lake
Ontario to Lake Superior. Surface wind light southwesterly. Long-wave 500-mb trough along Atlantic coast; N-S ridge
over central U.S. Wind at 500 mb NW 30 mps.
Local - 9 AM scattered low clouds. Inversion layer 760-900 meters; near-neutral below and lapse above to 1095 meters.
Plume wind WSW 4 mps. 11 AM scattered low clouds. Neutral to 1095 meters. Plume wind WNW 4 mps.
-------
Table 1 (rontinued).
---_.._---_._-----~~---~_.
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
-------
~
a
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 19 May 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 1
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
S02 Measurements
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosonde
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
Brookhaven National Laboratory (airborne densitometer and sulfur hexaflouride tracking of Keystone plume)
Commentary
High S02 background at surface. Only 4 and 10 km cross sections attempted; bottom of 10 km cross section incomplete
because of interference by Seward plume. Very high GLC measured by helicopter in lee of distant ridge (19-20 km down-
wind) during early morning stable period. S02 from Seward plume included in GLC measurements near Conemaugh during
early morning. Helicopter flights discontinued at 9 AM because of plant shutdown. After Conemaugh ceased operation,
bubblers were left in place to measure GlC from Seward plume. AutoAnalyzer at airport office measured high back-
ground GLC during morning. No afternoon radiosonde released.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over Wisconsin with cold front through Illinois to Texas and stationary front to northern Maine;
high over southeastern U.S. Surface wind light southerly. 500-mb ridge over Atlantic coastal states; closed low over
South Dakota with trough southward. Wind at 500 mb SW B mps.
Local - Sunrise clear with ground fog in valleys. Surface inversion to 515 meters; lapse above to 1095 meters. Plume
wind SSW 4 mps. 9 AM clear. Stable with inversions to 500 meters; neutral above to 1100 meters. Plume wind SW 6 mps.
-------
Tab 1 e 1 (conti nued) .
- ,-~.w.._-_.. -"~" -,
m
---'
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
~r
q c:: ' \ .'",gL-
,":;
, / \~
. I '
. ~ 'j
J'~ ,/
"'\.,.
-------
m
N
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
April 1971 Series 20 May 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 1
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Helicopter takeoff delayed by fog. Extremely wide plume. Two 4 km and one 10 km cross sections attempted; tops of
both 4 km cross sections incomplete because of low clouds and haze. Only two traverses made at 10 km to conserve
flight time for GLC measurements. Second 4 km cross section flown to define plume shift; bottom was at the surface.
Both 4 km cross sections reveal shifting wind direction. Good coverage of limited mixing layer GLC and looping plume
GLC by helicopter out to 26 km after plume shift; partial coverage by bubblers. Plume heading across Laurel Ridge
after wind shift.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Cold front from southern Quebec through Georgia to Texas; closed low over Lake Superior. Large high over
central U.S. Surface wind light northerly. Closed 500-mb low over Lake Superior with trough southward through
Louisiana; ridge along Atlantic coast. Wind at 500 mb SW 20 mps.
Local - 8 AM scattered low clouds with haze; ground fog in valleys. Stable with inversions 100-850 meters; neutral
below and lapse above to 1100 meters. Plume wind NE 2 mps. Noon scattered low clouds with haze. Neutral to 1100
meters. Plume wind SW 2 mps.
-------
Table 1
(continued).
-._----'--~- ---~-,
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
'v
" \
-~l"
v
'\
}./
'_.~'-"- -~,-
-------
m
~
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
Brookhaven Plume Tracking Study 24 May 1971
Keystone Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
Brookhaven National Laboratory (airborne densitometer and sulfur hexaflouride tracking of Keystone plume)
LAPPES series not in progress.
of Brookhaven activities.
Commentary
No upper air wind or temperature measurements obtained by LAPPES personnel in support
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over Minnesota-Wisconsin border with cold front southward through Texas and warm front to
Kentucky; ridge along southern Atlantic coast. Surface wind light southeasterly. Closed 500-mb low over Dakota-
Minnesota border with trough southwestward to Mexico; NE-SW ridge over eastern third U.S. Wind at 500 mb W 18 mps.
Local - 6 PM middle scattered, high overcast. 8 PM middle scattered, high overcast.
files or plume winds available; airport surface data listed in Table 2.
No helicopter temperature pro-
-------
Table 1
(continued).
m
Ul
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
-------
m
m
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
Brookhaven Plume Tracking Study 8 October 1971
Keystone Plume Units 1 and 2
S02 Measurements
On-stream AutoAna1yzer GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
Brookhaven National Laboratory (airborne densitometer and sulfur hexaflouride tracking of Keystone plume)
LAPPES series not in progress.
of Brookhaven activities.
Commentary
No upper air wind or temperature measurements obtained by LAPPES personnel in support
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Eastern third U.S. dominated by high centered over Virginia; ridge from Nova Scotia through Alabama to
Texas. Surface wind light southeasterly. N-S 500-mb troughs along Atlantic coast and over central U.S.; weak ridge
over Great Lakes. Wind at 500 mb W 20 mps.
Local - 8 AM scattered low and high clouds. 7 PM low scattered, high overcast.
or plume winds available; airport surface data listed in Table 2.
No helicopter temperature profiles
-------
Table 1
(continued).
~ ,-_._-~ ,---.-
~-----_._~_._._-~~-_.. .
'--~--~-----. _.
----.--.---
0"1
'-..J
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
~--~._-
500-mb HEIGHT CHART
8 OCT 1971
0700 EST
l~
,r\
.---. .---- ._-~-------~_.~.-
-------
m
00
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
Brookhaven Plume Tracking Study 10 October 1971
Keystone Plume Units 1 and 2
S02 Measurements
On-stream AutoAna1yzer GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
Brookhaven National Laboratory (airborne densitometer and sulfur hexaflouride tracking of Keystone plume)
LAPPES series not in progress.
of Brookhaven activities.
Commentary
No upper air wind or temperature measurements obtained by LAPPES personnel in support
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over Delaware with cold front southwestward through Florida Gulf coast and stationary front
northward to western Quebec; E-W gradient from Atlantic coastal states westward through central U.S. Surface wind
light westerly. Closed 500-mb low over northern Illinois with wide trough over eastern half U.S. Wind at 500 mb
SSW 35 mps.
Local - 1 PM overcast low clouds. 3 PM overcast low clouds.
available; airport surface data listed in Table 2.
No helicopter temperature profiles or plume winds
-------
Tab 1 e 1 (conti nued) .
'WoQ 'rOI/; H.nz 1~oo.Ilc(!o~'" ~10001Q04 100ti 1/,1\2 10U. 1020.
~~ ~ ~,. ~ ,,;>\ \ "'. \
/ ........ ...~~ \~~~..... -/E:- "" .
(~:;, _}or,' \ ' , ' ;t. ~;." t.J)-
~ y~ ~,~ ;" ;i::. "A> '
'0" '~'~;'r "'~,2!> ~:" ' ~ -'~ . ::~
) ,r!>s:' "':;- \ ,.' /~' '''''' ~'!;.
.\,~~ .~.~ ;'''?~ ' -;;~~ ~~:; ,/ / ':;:, ...
, &:~, ,,~..\>,. .'", ""'~/~ ;-
~~,',~,,:'O'" ~.~ ~.,;: "..~~.,; " "~::~.' .'
,.;- ~,,_.~, ."".~ ~~"""""'''''1''' )-~~~~
. ~'F~ :;;~:;..~.. &,,1;.~f--" .'" --;,,"'.::~--<~:::,,"'~ ~
',> 't. "";- , " ,,',.' \( "-.. ". "~'.'~, _1"" d~ ''''',
, ~'{:1~,":-';;;,~:. .~;~ ~.;~ .~~ .
,\ .,.. C"; h ,.,,, I,!,;o;l../ <.0... , ! - .~~ ~,~
~1...?, ., ~,. ~"; ;:'~, ;:'~ )~';~.:"~\'f<' ;;~..; (iJ:,J,;f. 1;r,
, , ~~~~ ~,!t '1;:'" ;:~; ~';o; ~.:' ~::l. ::;~~~~"
1""!" ,p,:.\. -'0'" , ,'" ".:i;', ';N.!i.\'<,~ ..,,,,,,1,,,,.
'"" .r'0~" ~-r: ~,"'.."v." ,;Of::. ,":, '"v~[,' ..J ':»~ :f~
. ~..~'; ..Yo'" z:,,"'''j'''-::;''''I''~:'-::'' .' ...,.'''''
,., ... ...""-.,, / .' ~"
'0; ~ '; :,,;~:~ . :~,~:;;''''"~ ',~4 "
SEALEVEL PRESSURE M~ . ~"J/ .,(~i'
10 OCT 1971 . .;(,'1< I ~ ' .
0700 EST ,j; "" "" ",,'
"~'*.
m
-------
~
a
Table 1. (continued)
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
Brookhaven Plume Tracking Study 12 October 1971
Keystone Plume Units 1 and 2
S02 Measurements
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
Brookhaven National Laboratory (airborne densjtometer and sulfur hexaflouride tracking of Keystone plume)
LAP PES series not in progress.
of Brookhaven activities.
Commentary
No upper air wind or temperature measurements obtained by LAPPES personnel in support
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Weak NE-SW troughs along New England coast and over Great Lakes; weak ridge over remainder of eastern
third U.S. E-W cold front through Kentucky and Virginia. Surface wind light northwesterly. Long-wave 500-mb trough
along Atlantic coast; near-zonal flow over eastern third U.S. Wind at 500 mb W 25 mps.
Local - Noon scattered low and high clouds. 7 PM scattered high clouds. No helicopter temperature profiles or plume
winds available; airport surface data listed in Table 2.
-------
Table 1
(continued).
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
, >-
-------
'-J
N
Table 1. (continued)
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
Brookhaven Plume Tracking Study 13 October 1971
Keystone Plume Units 1 and 2
S02 Measurements
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
Brookhaven National Laboratory (airborne densitometer and sulfur hexaflouride tracking of Keystone plume)
LAP PES series not in progress.
of Brookhaven activities.
Commentary
No upper air wind or temperature measurements obtained by LAPPES personnel in support
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over northern Illinois with cold front to western Texas and warm front to northern Georgia;
high off New England coast. Surface wind light southeasterly. N-S 500-mb trough over central U.S.; near-zonal flow
over eastern third U.S. Wind at 500 mb W 18 mps.
Local - 7 AM clear.
listed in Table 2.
10 AM clear.
No helicopter temperature profiles or plume winds available; airport surface data
-------
Table 1
(continued).
JG1/i
'J
W
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
~Gq.
500-mb HEIGHT CHART
13 OCT 1971 .
0700 EST
-------
~
~
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
Brookhaven Plume Tracking Study 14 October 1971
Keystone Plume Units 1 and 2
S02 Measurements
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
~eteorological Measurements
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
Brookhaven National Laboratory (airborne densitometer and sulfur hexaflouride tracking of Keystone plume)
LAP PES series not in progress.
of Brookhaven activities.
Commentary
No upper air wind or temperature measurements obtained by LAPPES personnel in support
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Weak ridge over eastern third U.S.; closed low over southwestern Ontario. Surface wind light south-
westerly. N-S 500-mb trough over northeastern U.S.; closed low over Texas. Wind at 500 mb SW 5 mps.
Local - 6 PM scattered high clouds. 9 PM clear.
airport surface data-listed in Table 2.
No helicopter temperature profiles or plume winds available;
-------
Table 1
(conti nued) .
.------
"-.J
U1
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
:"-.
!"-!t;,
'- ' '"
500-mb HEIGHT CHART
14 OCT 1971
0700 EST
19300
-------
~
~
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
Brookhaven Plume Tracking Study 15 October 1971
Keystone Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
Brookhaven National Laboratory (airborne densitometer and sulfur hexaflouride tracking of Keystone plume)
LAPPES series not in progress.
of Brookhaven activities.
Commenta~y
No upper air wind or temperature measurements obtained by LAPPES personnel in support
Synoptic Situation
Regional - NE-SW ridge over eastern third U.S.; cold front from central Quebec through Lake Michigan southwestward to
southern California. Surface wind light southeasterly. N-S 500-mb ridge over eastern third U.S.; NW-SE trough over
south central U.S. Wind at 500 mb WNW 13 mps.
Local - 7 AM clear. 11 AM scattered low clouds.
airport surface data listed in Table 2.
No helicopter temperature profiles or plume winds available;
-------
'-J
'-J
Table 1
(conti nued) .
~~----~,
I
I
.._---,--,"
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
"';
/K'
500-mb HEIGHT CHART
15 OCT 1971
0700 EST
\i
i
--,,,..i-.
-'--'-' . .-----
-------
~
~
Table 1. (continued)
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series
18 October 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Only 4 and 10 km cross sections completed; no 16 km cross section attempted to conserve flight time for GLC measure-
ments. Good coverage of limited mixing layer GLC and looping olume GLC by helicopter out to 24 km; partial coverage
by bubblers. Low-altitude termination of most pilot balloons caused by low clouds. Plume heading diagonally across
Chestnut Ridge. Area under air stagnation advisory.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over central Quebec with front southwestward to closed low in South Dakota; NE-SW ridge over
eastern third U.S. Surface wind light easterly. Weak 500-mb gradient over eastern third U.S.; long-wave 500-mb
trough over western U.S. Wind at 500 mb E 8 mps.
Local - Sunrise scattered low clouds near Conemaugh; clear beyond Chestnut Ridge. Mostly stable to 1050 meters;
superadiabatic layers 550-600 and 960-980 meters. Plume wind SSE 5 mps. 11 AM clear. Near-neutral to 700 meters;
stable with inversions above to 1050 meters. Plume wind SE 3 mps.
-------
Table 1 (continued).
"-J
-------
00
o
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series 19 October 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Three cross sections completed; bottoms were at the surface. Good coverage of limited mixing layer GLC and looping
plume GLC by helicopter out to 28 km. Good coverage of limited mixing layer GLC by four bubblers; remaining bubblers
were outside plume boundary. Low-altitude termination of first few pilot balloons caused by steam plume interference.
Plume heading across Chestnut Ridge. Area under air stagnation advisory.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed low over Manitoba with fronts southward through Texas and southeastward through Maine coast; NE-SW
ridge over eastern third U.S. Surface wind light easterly. Closed 500-mb high over Ohio-Pennsylvania border with
weak NE-SW ridge over eastern third U.S. Wind at 500 mb NE 8 mps.
Local - Sunrise clear. Stable with inversions to 1290 meters. Plume wind ESE 5 mps.
meters; stable above to 1085 meters. Plume wind (from radiosonde) ESE 4 mps.
2 PM clear.
Neutral to 850
-------
Table 1 (continued).
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
.~ ~
-------
00
N
Table 1. (continued)
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series 20 October 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Section
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
One 4 km cross section completed; bottom was at the surface. No 10 or 16 km cross sections attempted because of
strong winds and poor visibility at plume level. Good coverage by helicopter of GLC due to lee side flow off Laurel
Ridge under moderate wind, neutral conditions during early morning and of limited mixing layer GLC during late morn-
ing. Bubblers measured mostly zero GLC because of placement too far northeast. Low-altitude termination of most
pilot balloons caused by low clouds. Plume heading across Chestnut Ridge. Area under air stagnation advisory.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Cold front from central Quebec to southern Texas; NE-SW ridge over Atlantic and Gulf coastal states.
Surface wind light easterly. Closed 500-mb high over northern Pennsylvania; weak gradient over eastern half U.S.with
closed low over western Oklahoma. Wind at 500 mb SSE 13 mps.
Local - Sunrise broken low clouds with fog and haze near Conemaugh; clear beyond Chestnut Ridge. Near-neutral to 525
meters; stable with inversions above to 1350 meters. Plume wind SSW 7 mps. 11 AM scattered low clouds. Neutral to
850 meters; inversion above to 1240 meters. Plume wind ESE 5 mps.
~
,
~
-------
Table 1
(continued).
~ - -- -- ~.-.-- ._.~---,
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
500-mb HEIGHT CHART
20 OCT 1971
'0700 EST
/ \ \
. / _.J.<-~.__/
,/ \ '\.{
''\.
\\..
"
,
.-
-,"
w.-i---'
-------
00
~
Table 1. (continued)
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series 21 October 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Section
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAna1yzer GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
One 4 km cross section completed; no 10 or 16 km cross sections attempted because of helicopter voltage regulator
malfunction. Partial coverage of inversion breakup GLC and good coverage of limited mixing layer GLC by helicopter
out to 32 km. Ground-level flight discontinued to permit helicopter repair. Bubblers picked up after two hours
because of plume shift. AutoAna1yzer at airport office measured GLC from Conemaugh plume during late-morning wind
shift.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Stationary front from Iowa through Sault Ste. Marie and Maine coast; warm front from Iowa through Louis-
iana coast. Ridge over eastern third U.S. Surface wind light southeasterly. Closed 500-mb high off New Jersey
coast with ridge northwestward; closed low over Missouri. Wind at 500 mb SSW 8 mps.
Local - Sunrise clear with ground fog in valleys. Inversion layers to 200 meters and 400-950 meters; lapse between
and above to 1250 meters. Plume wind S 4 mps. 1030 AM clear. Near-neutral to 300 meters; stable with inversions
above to 1125 meters. Plume wind SE 1 mps.
-------
Table 1
(continued).
0:>
U"1
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
500-mb HEIGHT CHART-
21 OCT 1971 .
i0700 EST
0:-,"
-------
00
m
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series 22 October 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Only 4 and 10 km cross sections completed; bottom of 10 km cross section was at the surface. No 16 km cross section
attempted because of low fuel supply. Good coverage of limited mixing layer GLC by helicopter out to 25 km. No
afternoon flight attempted. Bubblers measured mostly zero GLC because of placement too far west. AutoAnalyzer at
airport office measured GLC from Conemaugh plume under limited mixing layer. Low-altitude termination of pilot
balloons caused by low clouds.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Weak cold front from eastern Quebec through Minnesota to New Mexico; ridge from New England coast south-
westward to Texas. Surface wind light easterly. 500-mb trough from Wisconsin to western Cuba; NW-SE ridge over
northeastern U.S. Wind at 500 mb SW 13 mps.
Local - Sunrise broken low clouds. Stable with inversions to 1085 meters. Plume wind SSE 7 mps.
cast. Near-neutral to 750 meters; stable above to 1100 meters. Plume wind S 4 mps.
11 AM low over-
~
-------
co
'--J
Table 1
(continued).
)
. ~"t:':::Joi!"S!.fi
-~~4;l~ ~~ .
~ ~.
::\,~ I';i>"t' .X'.
SEA LEVEL PRESSURE MAP
22 OCT 1971
0700 EST
\ t.o~
~o~ ::,;~ 3'"
~ ~ ...w
".
,. .
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
'::'.'
-------
co
co
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series 2 November 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Section
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pil ot Ba 11 oons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
One 4 km cross section attempted; top incomplete and no 10 or 16 km cross sections attempted because of strong winds
and turbulence at plume level. Partial coverage of high wind, neutral GLC by helicopter and bubblers out to 24 km.
S02 from Seward plume included in GLC measurements past 4 km. Ground-level flights discontinued because of strong
low-level turbulence. Low-altitude termination of pilot balloons and one temperature profile caused by low clouds.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Deep low centered over Sault Ste. Marie with cold front through western Kentucky to Mexico and warm front
through Massachusetts coast; E-W ridge over southeastern U.S. Surface wind SW 8 mps. Eastern U.S. under leading
edge of long-wave 500-mb trough. Wind at 500 mb WSW 25 mps.
Local - Sunrise low overcast with light rain showers. Stable with inversions to 350 meters; near-neutral above to
720 meters. Plume wind SW 13 mps. Noon low overcast with light rain showers. Noon helicopter temperature profile
not available. Plume wind SW 8 mps.
-------
Table 1
(continued).
CD
co
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
------_._--"------,-----~---
- .1--
\
--\/
-Y'
-------
~
o
Table 1. (continued)
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series 3 November 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Section
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other ParticiDants
None
Commentary
Helicopter takeoff delayed by fog and low clouds. One 4 km cross section completed; bottom was at the surface. No
10 or 16 km cross sections attempted because of low clouds over Johnstown. Good coverage of moderate-to-high wind,
neutral GLC by helicopter out to 20 km; partial coverage by bubblers. S02 from Seward plume included in GLC measure-
ments past 4 km. AutoAnalyzer at airport office measured GLC from Keystone plume during midday. Low-altitude ter-
mination of most pilot balloons caused by low clouds. Plume heading across Laurel Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - NE-SW frontal trough from Nova Scotia through western Florida coast; ridge from northern Texas to New
England coast. Surface wind light southwesterly. Eastern U.S. under leading edge of long-wave 500-mb trough. Wind
at 500 mb SW 30 mps.
Local - 9 AM low overcast with fog. Near-neutral to 950 meters; inversion above to 1085 meters.
mps. 1 PM broken low clouds with haze. Near-neutral to 1070 meters. Plume wind WSW 10 mps.
Plume wind SW 3
-------
Table 1
(conti nued) .
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
. ~:~~
500-mb HEIGHT CHART
3 NOV 1971
0700 EST
" ,,_.
~'--"1-.-- --' '\
i
_.-'"t
'Q3CO
. ---,_.
-------
~
N
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series 4 November 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Section
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAna1yzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
Brookhaven National Laboratory (airborne densitometer and sulfur hexaf10uride tracking of Keystone plume)
Commentary
One 4 km cross section completed; bottom was at the surface. No 10 or 16 km cross sections attempted because of tur-
bulence at plume level. Few moderate-to-high wind, neutral GLC measured by helicopter before strong low-level turbu-
lence forced termination of flights. Good coverage of neutral GLC by bubblers. Low-altitude termination of first
few pilot balloons caused by steam plume interference. Plume heading across Laurel Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Large high centered over Arkansas dominating eastern half U.S. Surface wind W 5 mps.
trough centered over eastern U.S.; closed low over central Quebec. Wind at 500 mb W 40 mps.
Long-wave 500-mb
Local - Sunrise scattered low clouds. Near-neutral to 1050 meters; isothermal above to 1075 meters. Plume wind W 8
mps. Noon broken low clouds. Noon helicopter temperature profile not available. Plume wind WSW 9 mps.
-------
Table 1
(conti nued) .
.-.-.-- -- -----------~--"
co
w
~--
-------
~
~
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPER~~ENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series
5 November 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
Brookhaven National Laboratory (airborne densitometer and sulfur hexaflouride tracking of Keystone plume)
Commentary
Three cross sections completed. Bottom traverse of 16 km cross section contains S02 from Seward plume. Partial
coverage of inversion breakup GLC and good coverage of limited mixing layer GLC by helicopter out to 30 km. Partial
coverage of limited mixing layer GLC by bubblers. S02 from Seward plume included in GLC measurements past 4 km.
AutoAnalyzer at airport office measured GLC from Homer City plume during inversion breakup.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - High centered over Maryland with ridges northward to Hudson Bay and southwestward to Texas Gulf coast;
deep low over southern Manitoba. Surface wind light southeasterly. Long-wave 500-mb trough off Atlantic coast;
near-zonal flow over northeastern U.S. Wind at 500 mb W 20 mps.
Local - Sunrise clear with ground fog in valleys. Stable with inversions to 1090 meters. Plume wind SW 3 mps.
clear. Lapse to 750 meters; stable with inversions above to 1220 meters. Plume wind SW 1 mps.
Noon
-------
Tab 1 e 1
(continued).
~'-~~.
~-
SEA LEVEL PRESSURE MAP
5 NOV 1971
0700 EST
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
._-------~---- --..,
'" ~
500-mb HEIGHT CHART
5 NOV 1971
0700 EST
".':
,,=J~~~
-------
~
~
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series 6 November 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
S02 Measurements
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Three cross sections completed during first flight; bottoms of 10 and 16 km cross sections were at the surface.
Additional 4 km cross section completed during second flight reveals slight plume shift. Good coverage of moderate-
to-high wind, neutral GLC by helicopter and bubblers out to 30 km. S02 from Seward plume included in GLC measure-
ments past 4 km.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Closed high over Nova Scotia with ridge southwestward to Louisiana; deep low over Hudson Bay with cold
front through Lake Huron to New Mexico. Surface wind light southerly. Eastern U.S. under leading edge of long-wave
500-mb trough; closed low over western Ontario. Wind at 500 mb SW 30 mps.
Local - Sunrise broken middle clouds. Stable with inversions to 700 meters; lapse above to 1100 meters. Plume wind
SSW 8 mps. Noon middle scattered, high broken clouds. Near-neutral to 1110 meters. Plume wind SW 8 mps.
-------
Table 1
(continued).
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
,~;
?/ '1
500-mb HEIGHT CHART
6 NOV 1971
0700 EST
..........."'-1
-~J_-
-~.m_......l-.....--
-------
~
ro
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series
9 November 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Three cross sections attempted during first flight; bottoms were at the surface. 16 km cross section incomplete
because of low fuel supply. Additional 4 km cross section completed during second flight reveals plume shift and
large vertical extent. Partial coverage of neutral GLC by helicopter and bubblers out to 20 km. S02 from Seward
plume included in GLC measurements past 4 km. No afternoon flight attempted because of deteriorating weather condi-
tions. AutoAnalY7.er at airport office measured GLC from Conemaugh plume during midday.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Ridge from central Quebec through Florida Gulf coast; closed low over Ontario with frontal trough through
Illinois to Texas. Surface wind light northeasterly. 500-mb ridge from southern Atlantic coast to western Quebec;
trough from Hudson Bay through Missouri to Texas. Wind at 500 mb W 20 mps.
Local - Sunrise broken middle clouds. Stable with inversions to 1070 meters. Plume wind SSE 8 mps.
scattered, high broken clouds. Near-neutral to 1050 meters. Plume wind WSW 4 mps.
Noon middle
-------
-
<.0
<.0
Table 1 (
., . conti nued).
--,-~
~----
DAILY EXPERIMENT
__--,0
......\-- -- \
/~
I '
,-5'
,r.
I
. /
" -5'"
',19300
-------
o
o
Table 1. (continued)
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series
12 November 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
High S02 background aloft and at surface. Three cross sections completed; bottoms of 10 and 16 km cross sections
were at the surface. Few high wind, neutral GLC measured by helicopter out to 16 km. Ground-level flights dis-
continued because of strong low-level turbulence and restricted visibility. Good coverage by bubblers of high wind,
neutral GLC. AutoAnalyzer at airport office measured high background GLC during entire day. Plume heading diago-
nally across Laurel Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - NE-SW ridge over eastern third U.S.; closed low over eastern Ontario. Surface wind SW 5 mps.
under trailing edge of long-wave 500-mb trough; closed low over Labrador. Wind at 500 mb NW 23 mps.
Eastern U.S.
Local - Sunrise scattered low clouds with fog. Stable with inversions to 1080 meters. Plume wind WSW 9 mps. Noon
high scattered clouds with haze. Inversion layer 1000-1100 meters; near-neutral below and above to 1240 meters.
Plume wind WSW 9 mps.
-------
Table 1 (continued).
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
~-,-------
HEIGHT CHART
2 NOV 1971
i0700 EST
-------
o
N
Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series
13 November 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Meteorological Measurements
Radiosonde
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
High S02 background aloft and at surface. Very wide plume. Only 4 and 10 km cross sections attempted. Tops of both
incomplete because of low clouds; bottoms were at the surface. Few moderate wind, neutral GLC measured by helicopter
out to 16 km. Ground-level flights discontinued because of strong low-level turbulence and restricted visibility.
Bubblers were not set out. AutoAnalyzer at airport office measured high background GLC during morning. No afternoon
radiosonde released. Plume heading across Laurel Ridge.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Cold front from New Jersey through Pittsburgh to western Illinois; N-S ridge from Hudson Bay to Florida
Gulf coast. Surface wind light northwesterly. Eastern U.S. under trailing edge of long-wave 500-mb trough; NW-SE
ridge over central U.S. Wind at 500 mb WNW 35 mps.
Local - Sunrise broken low clouds with fog and haze. Near-neutral to 995 meters. Plume wind W 6 mps. 1030 AM scat-
tered low clouds with haze. Inversion layers 590-700 and 1050-1100 meters; lapse below, between, and above to 1250
meters. Plume wind W 5 mps.
-------
Table 1
(continued).
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
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-------
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Table 1. (continued) DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series 16 November 1971
Keystone Plume Unit 1
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
SO? Measurements
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Helicopter takeoff delayed by fog. Three cross sections completed; bottom of 16 km cross section was at the surface.
Nearly all zero GLC measured by helicopter during morning. Ground-level flights discontinued and bubblers were not
set out because plume began to diffuse upward into overcast.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Weak N-S ridge over eastern third U.S.; cold front from western Illinois through Maryland coast. Tropical
storm Laura over western Cuba. Surface wind light northwesterly. 500-mb high along Gulf coast with ridge northwest-
ward through Minnesota; secondary NE-SW ridge over Quebec. Wind at 500 mb NNW 30 mps.
Local - 9 AM low overcast with fog. Stable layer 100-500 meters; near-neutral below and above to 1070 meters. Plume
wind NNW 7 mps. 1230 PM low overcast. Slight inversion 550-565 meters; near-neutral below and above to 950 meters.
Plume wind NW 3 mps.
-------
Table 1
(conti nued) .
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DAI L Y EXPERrr~ENT SUMMARY
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Table 1. (continued)
DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
October 1971 Series
17 November 1971
Conemaugh Plume Unit 2
S02 Measurements
Plume Cross Sections
Helicopter Peak GLC
Helicopter Instantaneous GLC
Portable Bubbler GLC
On-stream AutoAnalyzer GLC
Radiosondes
Helicopter Temperature Profiles
Meteorological Measurements
Pilot Balloons
Airport Surface Data
Other Participants
None
Commentary
Extremely wide plume. During first flight, extremely wide 10 km cross section completed; bottom was at the surface.
During second flight, 4 and 10 km cross sections completed; plume had narrowed considerably. Very high S02 concen-
trations in 4 km cross section. S02 from Seward plume included in GLC measurements near Conemaugh during early
morning and within 10 km during remainder of sampling period. Excellent coverage of inversion breakup GLC and limited
mixing layer GLC by helicopter out to 38 km during entire day; partial coverage by bubblers. Release of pilot bal-
loons delayed by dense fog. Area under air stagnation advisory.
Synoptic Situation
Regional - Ridge from eastern Quebec through Virginia to central Gulf coast; low over northern Wisconsin.
storm Laura southwest of Cuba. Surface wind calm. NE-SW 500-mb ridge from Gulf coast through Labrador.
mb NW 18 mps.
Tropical
Wind at 500
Local - Sunrise scattered high clouds with ground fog in valleys. Stable with inversions to 1260 meters. Plume wind
(from radiosonde) ESE 4 mps. 4 PM scattered high clouds. Stable with inversions 800-1100 meters; near-neutral below
and lapse above to 1235 meters. Plume wind not available.
-------
Table 1
(conti nued).
,----_._----~_._-----
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DAILY EXPERIMENT SUMMARY
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-------
SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMMY STEWART AIRPORT
Table 2 presents hourly meteorological and S02 measurements obtained at Jimmy
Stewart Airport for each day during 1971 on which flights were made by the LAPPES
helicopter or on which data were collected by Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Although experimental activities lasted less than 12 hours in most instances, values
for the entire 24 hours are included. Daily resultant winds, precipitation totals,
average and peak S02 concentrations, and total radiation are also presented.
For the majority of days, S02 concentrations are not available for a few hours
during the afternoon. This loss of data occurred while the Technicon AutoAnalyzer
was switched from on-stream monitoring to bubbler analysis.
In relating the surface meteorological measurements obtained at the airport
to plume dispersion at the Conemaugh Generating Station, the topographical effect
of Laurel Ridge, mentioned in Part 1 under Topography and General Climatology, must
be considered. Airport measurements of temperature, relative humidity, precipi-
tation, and total radiation will not be representative of conditions existing at
Conemaugh under the mechanically-induced cloud cover. Similarly. surface wind
directions and speeds in the proximity of Laurel Ridge may not be the same as those
measured at the airport.
108
-------
Time, EST
Dir, deg
Speed, mps
Temp, °C
RH, %
P, cm
S02, Avg
S02' Peak
Ly/min
Day
Var
Calm
Table 2.
SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMMY STEWART AIRPORT
Legend
Hour designating preceding 60 minutes.
Hourly average surface wind direction in whole degrees of azimuth.
Hourly average surface wind speed in meters per second to nearest tenth.
Hourly average temperature in degrees Centigrade to nearest tenth.
Hourly average relative humidity in whole percent.
Hourly total precipitation in centimeters to nearest hundredth.
Hourly average S02 concentration in whole parts per hundred million
by volume.
Hourly peak S02 concentration in whole parts per hundred million by
volume.
Total sun and sky radiation in Langleys per minute to nearest hundredth.
1. Daily resultant wind direction in whole degrees of azimuth and
wind speed in meters per second to nearest tenth.
2. Daily total precipitation in centimeters to nearest hundredth.
3. Daily average S02 concentration in whole parts per hundred
million. Daily average not computed if more than 6 hours' data
were missing.
4. Daily peak S02 concentration in whole parts per hundred million.
Daily peak not listed if more than 6 hours' data were missing.
5. Daily total sun and sky radiation in whole Langleys.
Surface wind direction variable.
Surface wind speed less than threshold of aerovane sensor.
: Missing data.
109
-------
Table 2. SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMMY STEWART AIRPORT
21 Apri 1 1971 22 Apri 1 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO?, pphm Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO?, pphm Ly/
EST ~~~ % em ~ Peak min EST ~~~ % em ~ Peak min
0100 234 0.6 9.4 59 0 0 0100 272 3.6 3.3 88 0 0
0200 234 0.9 8.3 68 3 9 0200 268 4.8 2.7 93 0 0
0300 Var 0.4 6.6 75 8 23 0300 267 4.0 1.6 100 0 0
0400 Calm 5.5 81 8 8 0400 264 4.2 1.6 100 0 0
0500 Var 1.1 5.5 85 6 9 0500 262 4.9 1.6 100 0 0
0600 222 1.7 6.6 87 6 9 0600 259 4.6 1.6 100 0 0
0700 210 2.0 8.3 75 4 4 0.04 0700 265 4.9 2.2 100 1 1 0.05
0800 223 2.3 8.8 67 2 3 0.15 0800 267 5.3 2.7 100 1 1 0.08
0900 234 3.0 11.6 61 7 10 0.35 0900 269 5.8 2.8 100 1 1 0.09
1000 237 3.3 11.1 59 9 11 0.17 1000 277 5.8 3.8 93 0 0 0.12
1100 263 3.2 11.1 85 6 8 0.20 1100 281 6.6 5.0 91 0 0 0.21
1200 269 5.2 11.6 69 3 6 0.34 1200 274 7.0 5.0 91 0 0 0.26
1300 268 5.1 11.6 59 3 8 0.20 1300 267 7.6 5.0 93 0 1 0.17
1400 269 5.5 10.0 63 3 5 0.12 1400 272 7.7 5.0 91 0 0 0.15
1500 271 5.7 8.8 79 1 3 0.18 1500 282 7.7 5.5 87 0 0 0.25
1600 269 5..4 8.3 91 0.21 1600 280 7.0 6.6 79 0 0 0.30
1700 250 5.8 8.8 79 0.35 1700 274 7.6 7.2 67 0 0 0.47
1800 263 5.5 8.8 73 0.30 1800 266 7.5 7.7 59 1 1 0.27
1900 294 5.0 7.7 63 0.11 1900 290 6.6 6.6 42 0 0 0.13
2000 317 4.6 6.1 70 0 0 2000 281 6.5 3.8 43 0 0
2100 312 4.8 6.1 70 0 0 2100 273 5.1 3.8 45 0 0
2200 314 4.2 5.0 75 0 0 2200 284 4.8 2.7 44 0 0
2300 303 3.5 4.4 81 0 1 2300 285 5.1 1.6 53 0 0
2400 290 4.2 3.8 85 2 4 2400 282 4.2 0.5 61 0 0
Day 272 3.0 0.00 4 23 163 Day 274 5.8 0.00 0 153
23 April 1971 24 April 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, ~ Lyl Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P,~ Lyl
EST ~~~ % em ~ Peak min EST ~ ~ °C % em ~ Pea min
-
0100 267 3.1 0.5 71 0 0 0100 094 0.7 1.1 81 4 5
0200 269 0.8 1.6 78 1 2 0200 Calm 1.6 85 4 4
0300 235 0.8 2.2 83 1 2 0300 Var 0.8 1.6 90 3 7
0400 245 1.7 2.2 87 2 3 0400 182 0.4 1.6 90 6 9
0500 Var 2.1 2.7 95 4 5 0500 214 2.2 0.5 77 7 10
0600 254 0.9 2.7 100 5 8 0600 226 2.1 2.2 69 9 10
0700 246 0.9 1.1 100 7 8 0.24 0700 205 4.6 5.5 61 7 9 0.09
0800 233 2.5 4.4 69 9 11 0.46 0800 204 6.5 6.6 59 5 6 0.15
0900 264 4.4 7.7 51 6 10 0.76 0900 220 6.9 7.7 50 3 4 0.22
1000 269 5.5 9.4 47 2 3 1.00 1000 277 9.1 5.5 65 2 4 0.22
1100 284 6.1 11 .1 43 1 1 1. 19 1100 262 7.4 7.2 69 1 1 0.34
1200 269 5.7 11.6 39 0 1 1.29 1200 261 8.2 8.8 52 1.11
1300 295 5.0 12.7 37 1. 30 1300 272 9.0 6.6 43 1 1
1400 296 5.1 13.3 33 1.22 1400 282 10.1 5.5 43 0 0 0.39
1500 295 5.1 13.3 33 1.11 1500 282 11.2 5.5 43 0 2 0.73
1600 294 5.3 12.7 33 0.78 1600 279 10.2 5.0 44 1 2 0.32
1700 285 5.1 11.6 33 0.47 1700 269 11.1 4.4 51 0 1
1800 284 4.6 10.5 33 0.23 1800 272 10.0 2.7 64 0 0
1900 292 3.0 8.8 33 0.11 1900 276 7.7 2.7 75 0 0
2000 269 2.3 5.0 36 0 0 2000 276 6.0 2.7 95 1 1
2100 Calm 3.3 50 1 1 2100 280 5.5 2.2 85 1 1
2200 323 2.2 5.5 45 1 1 2200 262 3.7 0.5 100 1 2
2300 Var 0.9 1.6 57 2 4 2300 249 3.0 0.5 100 2 3
2400 090 1.2 0.0 69 2 4 2400 251 1.2 1.6 100 2 2
Day 280 2.7 0.00 2 11 610 Day 264 5.1 0.00 3 10
11 ;)
-------
Table 2. (continued) SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMMY STEWART AIRPORT
26 April 1971 28 April 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P,~ Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO:;1, pphm Ly/
EST ~~~ % ~ ~ Pea min EST ~~~ 2. em ~ Peak min
0100 Calm 3.8 100 1 1 Dl00 140 5.9 9.4 50 0 1
0200 Calm 3.8 100 1 1 0200 129 5.4 7.7 87 1 1
0300 219 1.2 3.8 100 1 1 0300 116 4.4 7.7 87 1 1
0400 218 2.3 3.8 100 2 2 0400 132 6.2 7.7 89 1 1
0500 219 3.3 3.8 100 3 4 0500 134 4.4 7.7 93 0 0
0600 234 3.6 3.8 100 3 4 0600 133 4.7 7.7 100 0 1
0700 239 3.4 5.0 100 5 6 0.02 0700 143 6.0 8.3 98 , 2
0800 275 3.9 6.1 89 4 6 0.09 0800 147 5.7 8.3 100 2 2 0.06
0900 279 5.1 2 3 0.10 0900 157 4.2 8.8 100 1 1 0.05
1000 287 5.0 0 0 0.15 1000 177 2.7 11.6 100 1 1 0.05
1100 284 4.6 4.4 100 1 1 0.17 1100 210 4.0 12.7 100 1 1 0.33
1200 282 5.6 3.8 100 3 5 0.20 1200 236 5.8 15.5 69 2 2 0.80
1300 295 5.7 5.0 93 0.08 0.20 1300 242 7.5 16.1 53 0.79
1400 292 6.6 5.5 73 0.45 1400 242 8.6 17.7 41 0.94
1500 304 5.7 5.5 70 0.39 1500 247 8.8 18.3 37 1.00
1600 302 5.7 4.4 75 0.22 1600 236 9.5 17.2 36 0.61
1700 302 5.7 4.4 76 0.15 1700 244 9.6 16.6 35 0 0 0.25
1800 302 5.2 3.8 81 0.09 1800 245 8.8 15.5 35 0 1 0.15
1900 297 4.9 3.3 91 3 4 0.02 1900 279 8.1 11.1 69 0 0 0.03
2000 305 2.5 3.3 93 5 5 2000 284 6.3 10.5 59 0 0
2100 294 2.7 2.7 96 3 4 2100 275 7.6 8.8 59 0 0
2200 278 3.4 3.3 27 3 3 2200 269 4.6 8.3 65 0 0
2300 324 3.1 3.3 89 3 4 2300 265 5.1 8.3 67 0 0
2400 339 3.0 2.7 90 2 3 2400 264 7.6 7.7 66 0 0
Day 286 3.4 0.08 2 6 135 Day 223 3.7 0.00 2 304
29 April 1971 4 May 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P,~ Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, p, SO:;1, pphm Ly/
EST ~~~ % .Q!! ~ Pea min EST ~~~ % em ~ Peak min
0100 262 5.5 7.2 71 0 0 0100 271 3.2 2.2 81 0 0
0200 263 5.5 6.6 73 0 0 0200 279 3.2 1.1 89 0 0
0300 261 5.9 6.1 85 0 0 0300 278 3.4 1.1 94 0 0
0400 263 5.9 5.0 100 1 1 0400 273 2.9 0.0 100 0 0
0500 250 5.3 5.0 97 1 1 0500 240 2.3 0.5 100 1 2
0600 257 6.1 5.0 95 1 2 0600 235 3.0 0.0 100 2 2
0700 254 5.8 4.4 97 1 2 0700 233 2.7 1.1 91 2 3 0.21
0800 261 6.4 4.4 95 0 0 0.05 0800 268 4.1 4.4 80 2 2 0.48
0900 259 6.2 4.4 100 0 0 0.09 0900 259 5.9 7.7 67 2 4 0.75
1000 257 6.8 5.0 100 1 1 0.26 1000 276 6.3 8.8 53 3 8 0.98
1100 263 7.1 5.5 94 l ' 0.25 1100 289 7.0 10.0 45 0 1 1.19
1200 274 6.9 5.5 89 0 0 0.18 1200 287 7.5 11.1 40 0 0 0.86
1300 274 6.2 6.1 85 0 0 0.14 1300 277 7.8 12.2 39 0 1 1.08
1400 268 6.2 6.1 84 0 0 0.14 1400 279 7.8 12.7 37 1 2 1.07
1500 267 6.7 6.1 83 0.13 1500 280 9.1 13.3 35 0.74
1600 140 5.9 5.5 88 0.08 1600 268 9.7 13.3 33 0.85
1700 259 4.8 5.5 93 0.05 1700 275 9.1 13.3 33 0.60
1800 272 4.5 5.0 100 0.04 1800 274 8.8 12.2 33 0.31
1900 274 3.3 5.0 100 0 0 0.03 1900 282 7.4 11.1 33
2000 277 2.2 5.0 100 1 1 2000 286 5.1 10.0 32
2100 267 2.0 5.0 100 1 1 2100 278 3.3 8.8 35
2200 267 3.1 5.0 100 l ' 2200 263 1.8 7.2 39
2300 273 2.7 5.0 100 2 2 2300 235 0.9 6.6 43
2400 267 3.4 5.0 97 2 2 2400 269 4.0 8.8 43 2 2
Day 261 4.8 0.00 2 86 Day 274 5.1 0.00 547
111
-------
Table 2. (continued) SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMMY STEWART AIRPORT
5 May 1971 7 May 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P , SO?, pphm Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO?, pphm Ly/
EST ~~~ ...! em ~ Peak min EST ~~ °C % em ~ Peak m;n
0100 276 3.5 7.7 47 0 1 0100 084 0.9 5.0 100 0 0
0200 275 3.2 7.7 51 1 3 0200 074 0.8 4.4 100 0 0
0300 Var 1.7 5.5 63 0 0 0300 076 0.8 3.3 100 0 0
0400 231 2.3 6.1 66 3 8 0400 060 0.9 2.7 100 0 0
0500 216 2.1 6.6 68 2 4 0500 074 1.7 2.2 100 0 0
0600 213 2.4 7.2 71 2 2 0600 060 1.3 3.3 100 0 1 0.06
0700 216 2.7 8.8 63 2 2 0.05 0700 046 0.9 7.7 100 0 0 0.21
0800 204 5.2 12.7 53 4 5 0.30 0800 082 1.8 8.8 89 0 0 0.43
0900 216 6.5 15.5 45 4 8 0.76 0900 077 3.4 13.3 63 0 0 0.62
1000 235 6.1 16.6 43 2 3 0.92 1000 086 3.8 14.9 53 0 0 0.77
1100 240 5.9 17.7 42 1 1 0.86 1100 095 3.3 16.1 50 0 0 1.02
1200 222 6.9 20.0 38 1 1 1.47 1200 094 2.9 17.2 43 0 0 0.94
1300 243 8.2 18.3 39 0.89 1300 150 2.5 18.3 40 0 0 0.96
1400 244 7.6 17.7 40 0.37 1400 150 2.3 19.4 40 0 0 0.99
1500 237 6.7 17.2 41 0.15 1500 137 3.5 18.8 40 0.84
1600 229 6.3 15.5 43 0.05 1600 116 3.7 18.3 39 0.45
1700 222 5.7 13.3 59 1700 114 3.6 17.7 41 0.20
1800 208 6.7 10.5 100 2 4 1800 133 4.2 15.5 46 0.02
1900 214 3.9 10.0 100 0.08 0 0 1900 147 5.2 12.2 51 0 0
2000 Calm 10.0 100 0.05 0 0 2000 119 3.4 10.5 93 0.05 0 0
2100 079 1.3 10.0 100 0 0 2100 102 3.4 10.0 100 0.08 0 0
2200 094 0.6 10.0 100 0.15 0 0 2200 108 3.9 10.0 100 0.08 0 0
2300 055 0.9 10.0 100 0.10 0 0 2300 115 4.9 10.0 100 0.41 0 0
2400 108 0.3 10.0 100 0.13 0 0 2400 113 5.1 10.5 100 0.10 0 0
Day 229 3.5 0.51 8 349 Day 110 2.6 0.71 0 451
10 May 1971 11 May 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, S02, pphm Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO?, pphm Ly/
EST ~~~ % cm~ Peak min EST ~~ °C % em ~ Peak min
0100 Var 1.1 7.2 75 0 0 0100 087 1.0 6.1 98 0 0
0200 117 0.6 5.5 82 0 1 0200 081 1.3 5.5 100 0 0
0300 Calm 4.4 100 0 0 0300 076 1.5 5.5 100 0 0
0400 117 0.8 3.8 100 0 0 0400 098 0.9 5.0 100 0 0
0500 103 0.7 2.7 100 0 0 0500 070 0.9 4.4 100 0 0
0600 052 0.5 3.3 100 0 1 0.05 0600 067 0.7 5.5 100 0 0 0.06
0700 Calm 7.7 100 0 0 0.23 0700 Calm 10.0 91 0 1 0.15
0800 Var 0.8 11.1 77 0 0 0.51 0800 Var 0.8 16.6 47 0 0 0.49
0900 219 1.2 13.8 67 0 1 0.77 0900 148 3.7 15.5 38 0 0 0.74
1000 254 1.3 16.6 55 0 0 0.99 1000 155 3.5 20.5 35 0 0 0.97
1100 360 2.2 18.3 50 0 0 1.18 1100 156 4.3 21.6 32 1 2 1.11
1200 352 3.2 18.8 44 0 0 1.29 1200 169 3.9 22.7 31 1 2 0.92
1300 359 3.6 19.4 41 0 0 1.12 1300 165 4.3 22.7 31 2 0.98
1400 023 3.0 20.0 38 0.86 1400 164 3.1 23.3 29 2 0.92
1500 Var 2.7 20.0 35 0.30 1500 242 4.4 23.8 30 0.78
1600 011 2.2 19.4 35 0.36 1600 254 3.0 23.8 29 0.82
1700 289 1.3 20.0 35 0.36 1700 224 3.8 23.3 31 0.39
1800 347 1.3 20.5 33 0.24 1800 243 4.2 21.6 31 0.20
1900 343 1.4 17.7 33 0 0 0.05 1900 252 1.1 19.4 40 1 1
2000 Calm 13.3 50 0 0 2000 Calm 17.7 55 1 1
2100 086 0.5 11.1 61 0 0 2100 091 0.3 16.6 59 1 1
2200 097 1.1 10.0 70 0 0 2200 065 0.7 16.1 64 1 1
2300 086 0.7 8.3 79 0 0 2300 095 0.3 15.5 69 1 1
2400 088 0.8 7.2 90 0 0 2400 211 2.2 15.5 67 3 5
Day 011 0.6 0.00 0 499 Day 180 1.2 0.00 5 512
112
-------
Table 2. (continued) SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMMY STEWART AIRPORT
14 May 1971 15 May 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO::" pphm Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, ~ Ly/
EST ~~ °C % em ~ Peak min EST ~~~ ..! ~ ~ Pea min
-
0100 216 2.5 3.8 100 3 4 0100 090 0.9 5.0 87 0 0
0200 216 2.8 3.8 100 2 2 0200 096 1.1 5.0 83 0 0
0300 220 3.7 3.8 100 3 4 0300 080 1.1 5.5 67 0 0
0400 218 3.2 3.8 100 5 6 0400 044 0.6 6.6 63 0 1
0500 216 3.5 3.8 100 8 10 0500 062 0.5 5.5 69 1 1
0600 219 3.3 4.4 100 9 10 0600 045 0.6 7.2 77 1 2
0700 224 3.0 6.1 100 9 10 0.23 0700 056 0.8 11.6 57 2 2
0800 224 3.1 7.7 85 6 8 0.41 0800 090 0.7 14.9 55 5 8
0900 223 4.6 10.5 79 (i 6 0.58 0900 149 2.1 17.2 47 9 11
1000 237 3.8 11.6 66 6 8 0.85 1000 163 4.0 18.3 45 13 16
1100 240 4.0 13.8 63 5 10 1.08 1100 162 3.6 18.8 44 9 13
1200 282 4.1 14.9 59 9 13 1.11 1200 198 3.3 20.0 43 3 8
1300 272 4.4 16.1 53 12 17 1.26 1300 187 3.1 21.1 41
1400 288 4.2 16.6 50 6 7 1.21 1400 145 4.6 20.0 42
1500 287 4.5 17.7 47 6 8 1.14 1500 150 4.4 20.5 42 0.89
1600 276 5.4 18.3 43 3 6 0.90 1600 144 4.0 20.0 41 0.39
1700 268 5.3 18.3 41 1 3 0.66 1700 158 3.4 20.0 41 0.20
1800 293 4.0 17.2 40 0 2 0.44 1800 160 4.1 18.3 42 0.09
1900 299 3.0 16.1 36 0 0 0.16 1900 150 4.5 17.2 45 1 2
2000 294 4.1 13.3 36 0 1 2000 148 6.0 16.1 50 2 2
2100 360 1.8 11.1 41 0 0 2100 158 5.9 16.1 57 1 1
2200 085 0.8 7.7 60 0 0 2200 172 4.7 15.5 56 2 3
2300 084 1.0 6.6 71 0 0 2300 175 4.1 14.9 59 2 3
2400 086 1.7 5.5 77 0 0 2400 173 4.7 14.4 63 3 5
Day 255 2.6 0.00 4 17 602 Day 155 2.7 0.00 3 16
17 May 1971 19 May 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO::" pphm Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, 502, pphm Ly/
EST ~~~ % em ~ Peak min EST ~ ~ ~ % em ~ Peak min
0100 227 2.2 11.6 100 1 1 0100 Calm 14.4 89 2 2
0200 244 1.6 11.6 100 1 1 0200 076 0.2 13.8 97 2 2
0300 224 1.7 11.6 100 2 2 0300 Calm 12.7 100 2 2
0400 236 1.8 11.6 100 3 3 0400 098 1.2 12.2 100 1 2
0500 239 1.7 11.6 100 2 2 0500 082 0.7 11.6 100 1 1
0600 230 1.6 11.1 100 2 2 0600 086 1.6 13.3 100 6 9 0.08
0700 228 2.1 11.1 100 3 3 0.06 0700 077 0.8 18.8 79 9 10 0.29
0800 228 3.7 13.3 100 4 6 0.34 0800 Var 0.8 23.3 55 4 6 0.57
0900 243 3.8 14.4 89 6 7 0.38 0900 191 1.9 25.5 47 4 5 0.80
1000 240 2.7 16.6 69 4 4 1.04 1000 220 5.2 26.1 48 6 8 0.99
1100 266 2.8 18.3 59 5 6 1.18 1100 214 4.4 27.2 45 2 3 1.18
1200 289 4.4 20.0 43 2 5 1.29 1200 226 4.1 28.3 41 1 2 1.26
1300 297 4.4 21.6 41 1 1 0.92 1300 217 5.2 28.8 39 0 0 1.27
1400 297 4.5 22.2 33 0 1 1.28 1400 222 4.5 28.8 39 1.21
1500 293 4.0 22.7 31 1 1 1.13 1500 239 4.9 28.3 39 0.99
1600 306 5.2 22.7 31 0 1 0.95 1600 237 4.6 27.7 39 0.66
1700 298 4.4 21.6 31 0 0 0.70 1700 254 3.8 27.2 43 0.61
1800 284 5.2 21.1 31 0 0 0.42 1800 249 3.3 26.6 43 0.37
1900 286 4.1 18.3 31 0 0 0.15 1900 245 2.8 24.4 47 1 1 0.14
2000 277 2.2 14.4 35 0 0 2000 216 1.4 21.6 59 1 1
2100 Calm 11.6 43 0 0 2100 077 0.7 21.1 69 0.05 1 1
2200 077 0.8 10.5 63 0 0 2200 Var 1.1 18.3 100 1 2
2300 081 1.0 10.0 71 0 0 2300 Var 0.8 18.3 93 1 2
2400 090 1.2 8.3 83 0 0 2400 Var 0.6 16.6 100 2 3
Day 272 2.2 0.00 2 7 590 Day 224 1.7 0.05 2 10 625
113
-------
Table 2. (continued) SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMrW STEI~ART AIRPORT
20 May 1971 24 May 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P,~ Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P,~~ Ly/
EST ~~~ 2. em ~ Pea min EST ~~~ 2. em ~ ~ min
0100 094 1.2 16.1 100 1 1 0100 022 0.9 8.3 67
0200 089 1.1 16.6 100 0 1 0200 038 D.7 7.7 75
0300 090 0.5 14.9 100 1 2 0300 039 1.1 8.3 71
0400 Var 1.5 14.4 100 2 3 0400 058 0.7 8.8 78
0500 Var 0.8 13.3 100 2 2 0500 078 1.7 9.4 82
0600 249 0.8 14.4 100 1 2 0.08 0600 080 1.0 11.1 69 0.02
0700 Calm 16.1 100 1 1 0.22 0700 081 1.4 18.8 79 1 1 0.06
0800 209 0.8 17.7 91 1 2 0.34 0800 105 1.6 16.1 62 1 1 0.15
0900 248 1.0 20.0 79 0 1 0.59 0900 132 2.1 17.2 63 2 2 0.21
1000 242 1.7 22.2 69 0 0 0.86 1000 178 1.9 17.2 69 2 3 0.11
1100 239 2.6 22.2 65 1 4 0.96 1100 205 4.0 20.0 69 3 5 0.11
1200 267 3.1 23.3 63 3 5 0.88 1200 171 3.2 22.2 63 2 3 0.62
1300 251 3.7 23.8 55 1 1 1. 29 1300 223 5.0 21.1 65 4 9 0.44
1400 286 4.8 22.2 55 3 5 0.82 1400 236 3.2 19.4 87 0.05 1 1 0.15
1500 288 5.0 22.7 55 0.60 1500 167 3.5 21.1 89 2 3 0.19
1600 309 3.6 22.2 53 0.53 1600 215 5.1 23.3 59 2 4 0.66
1700 317 3.0 22.2 53 0.41 1700 215 5.3 23.8 53 6 9 0.40
1800 312 2.9 20.5 56 0.05 1800 213 5.0 22.7 53 3 9 0.28
1900 308 2.9 19.4 59 2 2 1900 200 3.0 21.1 57 3 8 0.06
2000 297 3.8 17.7 55 1 2 2000 147 3.2 20.0 71 1 2
2100 Var 0.7 15.5 67 1 1 2100 152 5.1 20.0 79 1 1
2200 361 0.5 12.7 93 1 1 2200 144 5.7 20.0 81 2 4
2300 047 1.6 12.7 93 1 1 2300 164 3.2 19.4 83 5 8
2400 066 1.3 12.2 89 0 1 2400 163 3.2 20.0 80 3 5
Day 289 1.2 0.00 5 458 Day 177 2.0 0.05 2 9 208
8 October 1971 10 October 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, 502, pphm Ly/ Time, Dir. Speed, Temp, RH, P, S02, pphm Ly/
EST ~~~ % em ~ Peak min EST ~ ~ ~ % em ~ Peak min
0100 236 1.1 3.9 100 1 2 0100 264 2.7 11. 7 100 1 2
0200 240 1.3 3.3 100 2 2 0200 240 2.8 10.6 100 0.08 2 3
0300 Calm 2.8 100 1 2 0300 241 2.0 10.6 100 0.03 3 4
0400 219 0.5 2.2 100 2 2 0400 270 2.8 9.4 100 2 2
0500 Calm 1.7 100 0.03 2 2 0500 291 2.1 9.4 100 2 3
0600 210 1.1 1.7 100 3 4 0600 283 2.9 8.9 100 3 3
0700 206 0.8 2.2 100 4 5 0700 289 2.0 8.3 100 3 3
0800 Calm 5.6 100 0.03 4 4 0.28 0800 271 1.5 8.3 100 1 2
0900 196 3.4 7.8 79 4 5 0.50 0900 276 2.4 9.4 100 1 3 0.05
1000 202 3.4 11.1 69 6 6 0.72 1000 279 2.8 8.3 100 3 5 0.14
1100 220 2.8 12.2 59 7 10 0.93 1100 280 2.8 9.4 100 3 4 0.28
1200 198 3.0 12.2 57 5 9 1.03 1200 269 4.5 9.4 97 4 6 0.32
1300 214 3.4 13.3 55 4 9 0.93 1300 257 4.9 9.4 91 3 4 0.32
1400 229 3.2 14.4 53 2 3 0.97 1400 256 5.1 10.0 91 3 4 0.37
1500 231 2.6 15.0 52 2 3 0.80 1500 256 5.0 9.4 89 2 4 0.27
1600 213 2.6 15.0 51 2 3 0.59 1600 254 4.6 10.0 90 2 3 0.20
1700 186 2.4 13.9 51 3 6 0.27 1700 264 3.3 9.4 89 1 1 0.10
1800 112 1.2 10.0 79 6 8 0.02 1800 251 5.0 8.9 90 1 1 0.01
1900 151 2.7 10.0 79 7 9 1900 249 2.8 8.3 97 2 3
2000 198 1.9 10.0 77 3 5 2000 257 3.7 8.3 98 2 3
2100 159 2.2 10.6 71 2 3 2100 228 3.1 8.3 100 3 3
2200 158 1.6 10.6 73 1 2 2200 229 3.8 7.8 100 3 3
2300 145 1.5 10.6 70 4 6 2300 228 3.4 6.7 100 3 3
2400 131 1.3 10.6 71 3 4 2400 228 3.4 5.6 100 3 3
Day 197 1.6 0.05 3 10 422 Day 257 3.1 0.10 2 6 124
114
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Table 2. (continued) SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMMY STEWART AIRPORT
12 October 1971 13 October 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P,~ Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, p, ~02, PPh~ Ly/
EST ~~~ 2. £!! ~ Pea min EST ~ ~ ~ % cm ~ Pea min
-
0100 Calm 3.3 100 0 0 0100 071 1.7 3.9 100 2 2
0200 Calm 2.8 100 0 0 0200 075 2.1 4.4 95 2 2
0300 Calm 2.8 100 0 0 0300 068 1.0 4.4 93 2 2
0400 178 0.5 2.2 100 0 0 0400 060 1.0 5.6 89 2 2
0500 247 1.1 2.8 100 0 1 0500 051 1.0 5.6 89 2 2
0600 225 1.4 3.3 100 1 1 0600 130 4.0 8.3 73 2 2
0700 Calm 2.8 100 1 2 0700 130 4.6 8.9 71 1 2
0800 210 2.3 5.6 100 2 2 0.20 0800 136 4.7 11.1 66 1 1 0.20
0900 217 2.4 7.2 100 4 5 0.44 0900 136 5.0 13.3 63 3 4 0.45
1000 207 3.0 9.4 85 6 8 0.64 1000 130 4.7 15.6 59 6 9 0.64
1100 218 2.2 11. 1 75 7 11 0.72 1100 155 4.1 16.7 57 6 9 0.71
1200 259 4.1 12.8 53 6 7 0.94 1200 149 4.3 17.8 57 5 6 0.82
1300 245 4.7 13.9 52 2 3 1.08 1300 154 3.9 20.0 57 4 6 0.76
1400 255 3.2 14.4 51 2 6 1.03 1400 186 5.1 20.6 59 0 1 0.64
1500 248 4.0 13.9 51 2 4 0.78 1500 196 4.7 20.6 59 0 0 0.46
1600 251 3.4 13.9 51 2 2 0.51 1600 171 3.5 19.4 59 0 0 0.25
1700 261 2.5 12.2 51 3 3 0.25 1700 145 3.1 17.8 61 1 1 0.09
1800 Var 0.7 8.3 73 3 3 1800 134 4.0 16.7 65 1 1
1900 083 1.3 5.6 95 3 3 1900 133 4.2 15.6 71 2 3
2000 077 1.6 4.4 98 2 2 2000 144 3.4 15.0 75 3 3
2100 072 1.3 3.9 100 2 2 2100 148 3.4 15.0 79 3 3
2200 067 1.2 3.3 100 2 2 2200 147 4.3 15.6 79 6 8
2300 078 1.3 3.3 100 1 1 2300 149 2.9 15.0 83 7 7
2400 081 1.7 3.3 100 1 1 2400 136 3.8 14.4 86 4 7
Day 233 1.0 0.00 2 11 395 Day 143 3.2 0.00 3 9 301
14 October 1971 15 October 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, ~ Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P,~ Ly/
EST ~~~ 2. cm ~ Pea min EST ~ ~ DC % cm ~ Peak min
- -
0100 151 2.0 14.4 87 3 3 0100 075 1.0 6.7 100 1 2
0200 156 1.8 14.4 87 1 2 0200 075 1.1 6.7 100 2 3
0300 250 3.4 13.3 91 2 3 0300 066 1.0 6.1 100 4 5
0400 217 1.3 11.7 100 3 3 0400 067 1.0 6.1 100 7 7
0500 Calm 10.0 100 2 2 0500 074 0.9 5.6 100 5 6
0600 Calm 10.0 100 2 2 0600 073 1.1 5.6 100 4 5
0700 Var 0.9 11. 1 100 2 2 0700 065 1.0 6.1 100 4 4
0800 155 2.5 13.3 89 2 3 0.18 0800 075 0.8 10.0 100 4 4 0.15
0900 218 2.3 15.0 79 2 3 0.35 0900 113 0.5 14.4 89 4 6 0.38
1000 226 3.3 16.7 69 1 2 0.58 1000 202 2.3 16.7 73 4 5 0.58
1100 226 3.4 16.7 66 1 1 0.69 1100 199 2.8 19.4 67 5 6 0.82
1200 252 5.0 17.8 63 1 2 0.70 1200 233 2.0 20.6 57 4 5 0.94
1300 244 4.3 17.8 57 2 2 0.99 1300 203 2.2 21.7 51 2 3 0.95
1400 251 4.0 18.9 54 1 2 0.60 1400 220 1.9 21.7 51 1 2 0.86
1500 248 3.5 18.3 53 1 2 0.66 1500 214 1.6 21.1 51 1 1 0.55
1600 229 2.3 17.8 54 1 2 0.43 1600 222 1.8 20.6 51 0 0 0.39
1700 219 2.1 16.7 59 1 1 0.27 1700 236 0.6 17.8 69 1 1 0.13
1800 206 1.1 12.2 89 1 1 1800 075 0.9 14.4 95 1 1
1900 Var 0.5 10.0 100 1900 081 1.3 12.2 97 1 1
2000 084 0.8 8.9 100 2000 074 1.0 11.7 100 0 0
2100 090 1.2 8.3 100 2100 074 1.3 11. 1 100 0 0
2200 084 1.3 7.8 100 2200 059 0.6 10.0 100 0 0
2300 081 0.9 7.2 100 2300 044 0.6 8.9 100 0 0
2400 084 1.0 6.7 100 2400 065 0.9 8.9 100 0 0
Day 222 1.3 0.00 3 327 Day 142 0.4 0.00 2 7 345
115
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Table 2. (continued) SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMMY STEWART AIRPORT
18 October 1971 19 October 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P,~ Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, ~ Ly/
EST ~~~ % cm ~ Pea min EST ~~ °C 2. cm ~ Pea min
-
0100 081 1.5 10.0 100 0 0 0100 084 1.9 6.7 89 0 0
0200 071 1.2 9.4 100 0 0 0200 076 1.1 6.7 90 0 0
0300 068 2.3 9.4 100 0 0 0300 012 2.0 6.1 97 0 0
0400 070 1.9 8.9 100 0 0 0400 040 2.2 5.0 97 0 0
0500 094 1.5 8.9 100 0 0 0500 054 1.6 4.4 100 0 0
0600 085 2.3 8.3 100 0 0 0600 044 2.2 4.4 100 0 0
0700 087 1.8 8.9 100 0 0 0700 079 1.7 4.4 100 0 0
0800 086 3.0 10.0 89 0 0 0.19 0800 078 2.4 7.2 93 0 0 0.20
0900 109 3.8 11.7 79 0 0 0.44 0900 055 2.3 11.1 69 0 0 0.44
1000 129 4.0 13.3 66 0 0 0.69 1000 087 1.2 16.7 55 0 0 0.70
1100 122 3.1 15.0 59 0 0 0.87 1100 084 1.5 20.0 42 0 0 0.88
1200 089 2.0 16.7 51 0 0 0.96 1200 094 2.2 22.2 40 0 0 0.98
1300 Var 1.6 17.8 48 0 0 0.94 1300 099 2.4 23.3 38 0 0 0.96
1400 068 1.3 18.3 47 0.86 1400 106 2.0 23.3 38 0 0 0.88
1500 069 2.9 18.3 47 0.74 1500 096 3.3 23.3 38 0.72
1600 071 3.1 17.8 45 0.48 1600 088 3.0 21. 7 38 0.48
1700 071 3.0 16.7 47 0.20 1700 082 2.5 18.9 39 0.22
1800 074 1.4 12.2 48 0 0 1800 070 2.3 14.4 45
1900 085 1.8 10.0 50 0 0 1900 081 2.3 12.8 59 0 0
2000 082 2.6 10.0 79 0 0 2000 086 2.1 11 .1 67 0 0
2100 084 1.6 8.9 79 0 0 2100 068 1.6 10.0 75 0 0
2200 074 1.1 6.7 87 0 0 2200 069 2.6 11.1 75 0 0
2300 062 0.8 6.1 95 0 0 2300 081 3.0 11. 7 71 0 0
2400 068 1.0 5.6 100 0 0 2400 051 1.7 8.3 89 0 1
Oay 087 1.9 0.00 0 0 382 Day 075 2.0 0.00 0 388
20 October 1971 21 October 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO;>, pphm Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO;>, pphm Ly/
EST ~ ~ ~ % cm ~ Peak min EST ~~~ % cm ~ Peak min
0100 049 1.7 7.8 91 1 1 0100 086 2.8 10.0 100 0 0
0200 095 1.6 7.8 73 1 1 0200 110 2.3 10.0 100 0 0
0300 059 1.0 6.7 79 0 0 0300 094 1.9 9.4 100 0 0
0400 077 1.7 7.8 81 0 0 0400 065 1.0 7.8 100 0 0
0500 086 2.7 8.3 89 0 0 0500 081 2.2 7.8 100 0 0
0600 092 2.6 8.3 96 1 1 0600 081 1.5 7.8 100 0 0
0700 090 1.7 7.8 100 1 1 0700 072 1.7 7.8 100 1 1
0800 074 1.2 8.9 100 0 0 0.11 0800 082 0.7 10.0 100 0 1 0.18
0900 109 3.4 12.8 81 0 0 0.42 0900 088 1.5 13.3 81 0 1 0.43
1000 127 4.4 13.9 75 0 0 0.66 1000 126 2.2 15.6 65 7 13 0.68
1100 134 4.2 15.6 67 0 0 0.85 1100 144 1.5 18.9 57 4 5 0.84
1200 101 3.2 16.7 63 0 0 0.95 1200 176 1.5 20.6 51 4 6 0.95
1300 109 3.0 20.0 59 0 0 0.93 1300 129 2.2 21.1 50 2 3 0.95
1400 109 3.0 18.9 57 0.85 1400 126 2.3 22.2 47 0.85
1500 124 3.4 18.9 55 0.67 1500 152 2.1 22.8 46 0.70
1600 117 3.4 18.3 55 0.44 1600 152 3.3 21.7 45 0.46
1700 107 3.0 16.7 57 0.18 1700 149 3.1 18.9 45 0 0 0.21
1800 120 3.1 14.4 73 1800 121 2.1 15.6 63 0 0
1900 111 2.2 13.3 83 0 0 1900 103 3.1 15.0 78 0 0
2000 109 3.0 12.2 89 0 0 2000 095 3.2 13.9 87 0 0
2100 110 3.1 12.2 91 0 0 2100 099 2.0 12.2 96 0 0
2200 107 2.1 11.1 96 0 0 2200 110 1.6 12.2 97 0 0
2300 102 2.2 11 .1 96 0 0 2300 107 1.9 12.2 100 0 0
2400 095 2.4 10.0 100 0 1 2400 137 2.4 12.2 100 0 0
Day 106 2.5 0.00 0 364 Day 114 1.9 0.00 13 375
116
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Table 2. (continued) SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMMY STEWART AIRPORT
22 October 1971 2 November 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P,~ Lyl Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO:1, pphm LYI
EST ~~~ % em ~ Peak min EST ~~~ 2. em ~ Peak min
0100 144 2.0 12.2 100 0 1 0100 183 3.1 17.2 97 0.51 0 1
0200 135 2.4 12.2 100 0 1 0200 161 3.0 17.2 97 0.08 0 0
0300 141 2.4 11.1 100 0 0 0300 162 2.4 17.2 97 0.10 0 0
0400 099 1.3 10.0 100 0 0 0400 178 3.3 17.2 97 0.33 0 0
0500 102 1.7 11.1 100 0 0 0500 201 2.7 17.2 100 0.05 0 0
0600 132 3.3 12.2 100 0 0 0600 208 2.9 17.8 100 0.05 0 0
0700 136 3.3 12.2 100 0 1 0700 215 5.8 18.3 98 0.03 0 0
0800 141 3.7 13.9 100 0 1 0.09 0800 219 6.4 18.9 96 0 0 0.06
0900 159 3.6 15.0 89 2 3 0.31 0900 220 6.4 20.0 87 0 0 0.09
1000 148 3.5 15.6 89 3 4 0.30 1000 219 6.2 .20.6 79 0 0 0.40
1100 161 3.1 17.2 79 4 4 0.49 1100 228 6.5 21.1 69 0 0 0.25
1200 157 3.3 17.2 76 4 5 0.43 1200 231 7.5 20.6 75 0 0 0.37
1300 157 2.7 17.2 76 2 4 0.22 1300 232 7.8 20.0 81 0 0 0.13
1400 153 3.3 17.2 79 3 3 0.23 1400 226 4.7 20.6 75 0 0 0.17
1500 164 2.4 17.8 79 0.23 1500 224 5.8 20.0 83 0 0 0.28
1600 162 2.5 17.2 79 0.11 1600 250 4.5 19.4 83 0.17
1700 147 2.6 15.6 97 0.03 0.03 1700 238 2.9 16.7 91 0.10
1800 131 2.8 14.4 100 1800 235 1.9 14.4 93
1900 126 2.5 14.4 100 0.03 0 0 1900 229 2.3 13.3 77
2000 122 2.4 14.4 100 0.03 0 0 2000 254 1.7 11.1 89 0 0
2100 122 2.7 14.4 100 0 0 2100 252 0.5 10.0 97 0.03 1 1
2200 132 2.5 14.4 100 0 0 2200 Calm 8.9 97 1 1
2300 164 2.6 14.4 100 0 1 2300 254 0.8 8.9 97 0.03 1 1
2400 133 1.4 13.9 100 0 0 2400 291 1.3 8.3 97 0.03 1 1
Day 143 2.6 0.08 5 146 Day 221 3.5 1.22 0 121
3 November 1971 4 November 1971
Time, Oir. Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO?, pphm Lyl Time, Oir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO?, pphm Lyl
EST ~~~ % em ~ Peak min EST ~~~ % em ~ Peak min
-
0100 267 2.1 7.2 100 0100 231 1.7 0.6 88 3 3
0200 237 1.1 6.7 100 0200 230 2.4 0.0 91 2 2
0300 251 0.9 7.2 100 0300 234 1.0 1.1 92 1 1
0400 265 1.4 7.2 100 0400 226 2.3 0.6 100 1 1
0500 Var 0.7 6.7 100 0500 232 1.7 0.0 79 1 2
0600 Var 0.9 6.7 100 0600 235 1.7 1.1 66 2 3
0700 230 1.4 6.7 100 2 2 0700 248 3.5 1.1 68 2 4
0800 244 0.9 7.8 100 1 2 0.01 0800 262 7.1 2.2 65 1 1
0900 220 2.2 8.3 95 1 2 0.10 0900 255 6.0 3.3 61 0 1 0.21
1000 224 2.8 9.4 77 1 2 0.24 1000 256 7.5 4.4 57 1 2 0.43
1100 244 3.9 11.1 59 3 4 0.34 1100 260 7.4 4.4 55 1 1 0.59
1200 259 4.9 11.1 53 3 3 0.56 1200 256 6.7 4.4 55 1 2 0.55
1300 258 5.5 11.1 53 3 5 0.50 1300 261 5.6 5.6 51 2 3 0.49
1400 256 6.2 11.1 50 4 6 0.53 1400 255 6.3 5.6 50 3 3 0.40
1500 264 6.2 8.9 79 3 11 0.33 1500 261 5.7 5.6 48 3 3 0.22
1600 268 6.0 7.2 83 1 4 0.10 1600 263 4.8 5.6 47 0.21
1700 234 3.0 6.7 53 0.09 1700 259 5.1 5.0 47 0.12
1800 274 5.9 5.6 57 1800 262 3.1 2.8 56
1900 264 4.0 5.0 55 1900 249 1.3 1.1 69
2000 268 4.7 4.4 57 2000 228 1.7 0.0 75 3 3
2100 259 3.6 3.3 67 0 0 2100 227 1.7 0.6 81 1 1
2200 241 2.7 1.7 79 2 3 2200 199 0.9 0.6 81 1 1
2300 227 1.9 1.1 87 2 2 2300 Calm 1.1 87 1 2
2400 221 2.5 0.6 87 2 2 2400 Calm 2.2 91 2 4
Day 254 3.0 0.00 2 11 168 Day 253 3.5 0.00 2 4 193
117
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Table 2. (continued) SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMMY STEWART AIRP~~
5 November 1971 6 November 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO?, pphm Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SO?, pphm Ly/
EST ~~~ 2.. ~ ~ Peak min EST ~~ °C % em ~ Peak min
-
0100 243 0.5 2.2 94 3 4 0100 156 4.9 5.6 47 3 3
0200 Calm 2.8 95 4 5 0200 151 5.3 5.6 47 2 3
0300 Calm 2.8 97 3 3 0300 146 5.0 5.6 47 1 2
0400 Calm 3.3 98 4 4 0400 151 4.3 5.6 47 2 3
0500 090 0.9 3.3 98 3 4 0500 160 2.5 5.0 47 2 3
0600 087 0.7 3.3 98 3 3 0600 152 2.5 4.4 50 3 3
0700 100 1.0 3.3 97 2 3 0700 151 2.2 4.4 51 2 2
0800 085 0.2 1.1 69 3 3 0.15 0800 151 2.1 6.7 50 1 1 0.04
0900 123 1.0 4.4 53 3 3 0.40 0900 152 2.0 7.8 46 2 2 0.13
1000 166 1.9 6.7 48 4 5 0.54 1000 160 1.9 10.6 41 2 2 0.33
1100 206 4.4 8.3 43 5 8 0.71 1100 212 5.1 12.2 39 3 5 0.40
1200 208 3.8 10.0 39 5 8 0.82 1200 213 7.2 13.3 39 1 1 0.52
1300 224 2.7 11. 1 37 4 7 0.79 1300 216 7.6 15.0 39 2 3 0.64
1400 168 2.4 11.7 35 2 4 0.72 1400 204 7.7 15.0 39 3 5 0.57
1500 156 3.3 11.7 34 4 7 0.56 1500 216 7.4 13.9 39 2 3 0.29
1600 162 2.9 11.7 33 0.33 1600 224 5.1 13.3 41 0.09
1700 146 3.6 10.0 34 0.10 1700 224 2.0 11.7 50
1800 131 3.3 8.9 35 1800 249 1.9 11.7 50
1900 119 2.3 7.2 35 1900 213 1.6 10.6 51
2000 131 4.1 7.8 35 0 0 2000 Var 1.6 10.0 54 2 2
2100 134 5.0 7.2 35 1 1 2100 296 3.1 7.8 89 1 1
2200 148 6.3 7.2 35 0 0 2200 285 4.3 5.0 95 3 7
2300 169 4.2 6.7 35 1 2 2300 266 4.8 1.1 95 2 5
2400 159 3.8 6.1 36 2 2 2400 278 6.0 0.0 98 1 3
Day 157 2.1 0.00 3 8 307 Day 205 2.9 0.00 2 7 181
9 November 1971 12 November 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P,~ Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, ~ Ly/
EST ~~~ % ~ ~ Pea min EST ~ ~ ~ % em ~ Pea min
0100 076 0.6 7.2 93 1 1 0100 229 1.4 1.7 95 3 3
0200 089 0.7 7.8 93 1 2 0200 229 2.4 1.1 95 3 3
0300 081 1.4 7.8 93 1 1 0300 223 2.6 1.1 95 4 4
0400 084 0.9 7.8 93 2 3 0400 219 2.6 1.1 95 4 5
0500 102 0.9 5.6 94 2 3 0500 216 2.5 1.7 97 4 4
0600 096 1.3 4.4 93 4 4 0600 222 2.9 1.7 97 4 4
0700 092 1.6 3.9 89 3 3 0700 219 2.9 2.2 97 4 4
0800 Var 1.3 2.2 69 2 2 0800 223 3.5 3.9 85 4 4 0.07
0900 147 3.3 0.0 59 2 2 0.07 0900 217 5.1 5.6 73 4 4 0.30
1000 162 3.1 2.2 50 3 4 0.35 1000 222 5.1 8.3 62 3 4 0.50
1100 160 3.1 2.8 47 6 7 0.63 1100 229 5.1 10.6 55 3 3 0.61
1200 176 2.8 3.9 41 4 6 0.39 1200 239 6.8 10.6 55 .2 3 0.63
1300 204 2.1 3.9 39 4 6 0.40 1300 236 6.8 12.2 48 3 3 0.66
1400 217 2.3 4.4 39 4 4 0.19 1400 234 5.7 12.8 47 3 3 0.54
1500 214 2.9 3.9 39 3 8 0.27 1500 244 7.4 12.8 41 3 4 0.46
1600 244 2.6 3.3 39 0.06 16QO 240 5.2 11.7 41 3 4 0.07
1700 263 2.2 2.2 39 1700 238 3.4 11. 1 42
1800 253 4.2 0.0 85 1800 230 3.4 10.6 44
1900 246 4.1 0.6 93 0.05 1900 235 4.1 10.6 44
2000 221 2.6 0.6 95 0.03 0 1 2000 234 4.0 9.4 44 3 3
2100 217 4.4 0.6 95 1 1 2100 236 2.4 6.7 50 3 3
2200 227 1.2 0.6 95 0 1 2200 237 1.2 6.1 63 2 3
2300 233 2.1 0.6 95 0 0 2300 218 2.8 6.7 64 2 2
2400 242 2.9 0.6 95 1 2 2400 222 2.0 6.7 64 3 3
Day 205 1.4 0.08 2 8 142 Day 230 3.8 0.00 3 5 230
118
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Tab 1 e' _ontinued) SURFACE WEATHER AND S02 OBSERVATIONS AT JIMMY STEWART AIRPORT
13 November 1971 16 November 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SD2, pphm Ly/ Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, SD2, pphm Ly/
EST ~ ~ °C % em ~ Peak min EST ~ ~ °C % £I!I. ~ Peak min
-
0100 219 2.6 5.0 67 3 4 0100 274 3.0 9.4 91 1 2
0200 233 3.1 5.0 73 3 3 0200 295 1.3 8.3 94 2 3
0300 238 2.7 4.4 75 3 3 0300 314 1.0 8.3 95 2 2
0400 244 2.4 7.8 69 2 2 0400 237 0.9 6.1 96 0 1
0500 250 3.2 8.3 69 3 4 0500 278 1.5 6.1 97 0 0
0600 248 3.1 7.8 71 3 4 0600 266 1.9 6.7 100 1 2
0700 265 3.4 7.8 75 6 7 0700 248 1.6 7.2 100 1 1
0800 269 2.2 8.3 75 6 7 0800 243 2.1 7.2 100 1 1
0900 282 3.9 9.4 71 6 6 0.22 0900 263 1.9 7.8 100 1 1 0.06
1000 278 2.8 10.0 62 6 6 0.40 1000 264 2.1 8.9 93 2 2 0.16
1100 312 2.6 11.7 57 5 5 0.52 1100 304 2.0 9.4 81 1 1 0.17
1200 299 3.4 12.2 53 5 6 0.66 1200 311 2.0 10.0 75 1 1 0.21
1300 312 3.4 12.8 51 4 6 0.66 1300 315 2.2 10.0 73 0 1 0.10
1400 314 3.1 12.8 50 2 2 0.59 1400 318 2.1 10.6 69 0 0 0.14
1500 341 3.1 12.8 47 1 1 0.43 1500 296 2.4 10.6 71 0 0 0.10
1600 327 2.6 12.2 45 0 1 0.26 1600 283 2.5 10.0 75 0 0 0.02
1700 336 2.0 11.1 45 0 1 0.04 1700 284 1.8 9.4 77 1 2
1800 Var 1.7 7.8 51 0 0 1800 272 0.8 8.9 83 2 2
1900 039 1.9 5.6 63 0 0 1900 295 0.8 8.9 85
2000 Var 0.7 3.9 77 1 3 2000 Calm 8.3 89
2100 066 0.8 1.1 89 0 0 2100 Calm 8.3 90
2200 093 0.6 1.1 92 1 1 2200 Calm 7.8 92
2300 062 0.7 0.0 93 0 0 2300 Calm 5.6 97
2400 059 0.5 0.0 94 0 0 2400 Calm 3.9 97
Day 285 1.5 0.00 3 7 227 Day 283 1.3 0.00 3 58
17 November 1971
Time, Dir, Speed, Temp, RH, P, S02, pphm Ly/
EST ~~ °C % em ~ Peak min
- -
0100 076 1.0 3.9 100 0.03 0 1
0200 076 0.9 3.3 100 0 0
0300 075 0.5 2.8 100 0 1
0400 076 0.9 1.7 100 0.03 0 1
0500 089 0.6 1.7 100 0 0
0600 089 0.9 1.1 100 0 0
0700 Var 1.7 1.1 100 0 0
0800 056 1.1 2.2 100 0 0
0900 088 2.0 5.6 100 0 1 0.12
1000 090 1.1 10.0 71 1 1 0.31
1100 Var 1.0 12.8 53 1 1 0.55
1200 Var 0.8 14.4 50 2 4 0.62
1300 Var 1.0 16.1 47 1 1 0.63
1400 Var 1.9 16.1 43 2 6 0.55
1500 Var 1.2 16.7 43 3 6 0.43
1600 249 2.1 15.6 43 0.21
1700 236 1.2 13.3 50
1800 Calm 10.0 63
1900 082 0.8 7.8 79
2000 081 0.9 6.7 89
2100 078 0.9 5.0 93 2 3
2200 081 1.2 4.4 95 2 2
2300 075 1.0 3.9 97 1 2
2400 077 1.0 3.3 97 1 2
Day 084 0.5 0.05 6 205
119
-------
PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Cross sections of the Conemaugh and Keystone plumes obtained by the LAPPE5
helicopter are presented in Table 3. The orientation is such that the reader is
looking downwind with the plume top to his right. The height of each traverse
above the source generating station's stack base elevation is indicated over the
particular column of data with increasing altitude from left to right. The relative
order in which the traverses were flown is shown at the base of each column.
The plume can be physically located by means of radial directions listed in
the second column for each data point. These were determined by computing clock-
wise and/or counterclockwise from the given reference point in increments based on
the arc distance of the particular cross section. For the 4-, 10-, and 16-kilometer
cross sections, the radial increments between each data point are 1.92°,0.96°,
and 0.48°, respectively. Because of missing coordinates, the reference point for
cross section 408 was arbitrarily set at 360°; actual plume position may be derived
from related measurements.
The first column of each cross section lists the cumulative distance across
the plume beginning with zero at the left edge looking downwind. The corresponding
502 concentrations in pphm by volume are instantaneous readings taken at 6-second
intervals; this corresponds to a crosswind distance increment of 134.1 meters
(50 mph). The peak concentration in each traverse is shown at the bottom with the
data point nearest the peak's location indicated by an asterisk in the column
above. All instantaneous and peak 502 concentrations are net plume values, i.e.,
the ambient 502 and C02 backgrounds have been subtracted.
When the data are presented in this manner, the horizontal distance across
the plume is scaled correctly whereas the vertical is not. To achieve a true
physical reproduction of the plume, the distance between the columns would have
to be scaled according to the respective traverse heights. Although completely
zero traverses are shown as terminating at the plume edge, these flights were
normally extended well beyond to confirm the absence of 502. Finally. crosswind
and vertical integrated concentrations are listed at the bottom and side of each
cross section.
where
Crosswind integrated concentrations (CIC) in grams per square meter for each
plume traverse were calculated as follows:
CICj = 2.67 x 10-6 x f Xij dYi
2.67 x 10-6 = conversion factor from ppb to grams/m3 based on a mean temper-
ature aloft of 4°C and a mean altitude of 425 meters M5L.
Xij = 502 concentration in ppb of the i-th data point in the j-th traverse.
dYi = cross-plume interval at which readings were made (134.1 meters).
120
-------
Vertical integrated
data point ~ere obtained
equation:
concentrations (VIC) in grams per square meter for each
from the properly aligned traverses by means of this
VICi = 2.67 x 10-6 x ! Xij dZj
2.67 x 10-6 = conversion factor defined above.
Xij S02 concentration in ppb of the i-th data point in the j-th traverse.
dZj = one-half the difference between the next higher and the next lower
pass for interior traverses. For the highest (lowest) traverse,
dZj is the height difference between the traverse and the next
lower (higher).
where
The crosswind and vertical integrated concentrations were computed on the
basis of ppb S02 during cross-section reduction and may differ slightly from the
result obtained by using the S02 values rounded to pphm, as presented in Table 3.
Ref pt
Cum y, m
Dir, deg
Height, m :
VIC
CIC
Peak
Pass
*
Table 3.
PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Legend
Direction of cross section reference point from Conemaugh or
Keystone stacks in whole degrees of azimuth.
Cumulative distance across plume in whole meters.
Direction of each data point from Conemaugh or Keystone stacks in
degrees of azimuth to nearest tenth.
Height of each traverse above Conemaugh or Keystone stack base
elevation in whole meters.
Vertical integrated concentration in grams per square meter x 10-3.
Crosswind integrated concentration in grams per square meter x 10-3.
Peak S02 concentration per traverse in whole parts per hundred
million by volume.
Numerical order in which traverses were flown.
Designation of data point nearest peak concentration location in
each traverse.
121
-------
Table 3.
PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 374
21 April 1971
0706 to 0729 EST
Arc 4.0 km
Ref pt 073.
S02' pohm
Cum y, 01r, Traverse height, m
m de9 350 373 405 437 485 550 635 670 710 VIC
o 073. 0 0 0
134 074.9 21 31
268 076.8 *71 106
402 078.8 64 96
536 080.7 0 0 5 7
671 082.6 *1 *12 0 11
805 084.5 *1 17 15
939 086.4 0 0 0 0 0
1073 088.4 *1 0 71 143
1207 090.3 0 *44 232 512
1341 092.2 g 138 286
1475 094.1 0 127 0 254
1609 096.1 332 0 0 665
1743 098.0 *418 172 0 0 1113
1878 099.9 89 368 *141 0 907
2012 101.8 63 *548 56 0 1060
2146 103.7 0 279 0 0 447
2280 105.7 1 0 2
2414 107.6 0 0 0
CIC 4 104 190 577 5266 4900 706 0
Peak 4 20 55 120 487 552 178 0
Pass 8 7 6 1 2 3 4 5
122
-------
Table 3. tcontinued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
:onemaU9h 375 ~rc 10.0 km Conemau9h 376 Arc 16.0 km
21 April 1971 Ref Dt 109' 21 Aoril 1971 Ref pt 1010
0737 to 0822 EST 502, pphm 0824 to 0836 EST 502, pphm
Cum Y. Dir, Traverse "ei ght, m Cum y, 01r, Traverse hei9ht, m
m de9 320 350 440 486 568 615 687 705 727 768 VIC m de9 558 680 VIC
0 077.5 0 0 0 0 085.2 0 0
134 078.3 1 2 5 134 085.6 1 3
268 079.0 2 4 10 268 086.1 1 3
402 079.8 2 4 10 402 086.6 1 3
536 080.6 3 5 14 536 087.1 0 0
671 081. 3 4 7 19 671 087.6 1 3
805 082.1 0 4 6 18 805 088.0 2 7
939 082.9 2 5 6 23 939 088.5 2 7
1073 083.6 0 3 9 0 7 33 1073 089.0 2 7
1207 084.4 5 3 9 1 6 37 1207 089.5 3 10
1341 085.2 5 4 7 4 8 44 1341 090.0 3 10
1475 085.9 8 3 10 4 10 53 1475 090.4 5 0 16
1609 086.7 9 4 11 4 10 58 1609 090.9 2 1 10
1743 087.5 10 7 13 10 13 82 1743 091.4 1 3 13
1878 088.3 10 7 13 6 15 79 1878 091. 9 2 2 13
2012 089.0 12 9 12 20 30 131 2012 092.4 11 2 42
2146 089.8 14 10 9 41 32 168 2146 092.8 13 3 52
2280 090.6 16 11 9 31 55 194 2280 093.3 15 6 68
2414 091. 3 23 15 10 36 74 249 2414 093.8 22 11 108
2548 092.1 16 20 11 *79 96 364 2548 094.3 24 6 98
2682 092.9 *26 19 6 40 76 260 2682 094.8 22 8 98
2816 093.6 16 16 10 30 114 303 2816 095.2 20 6 85
2950 094.4 12 17 11 18 135 318 2950 095.7 19 4 75
3085 095.2 11 17 14 68 *138 414 3085 096.2 18 15 108
3219 095.9 2 *26 16 44 121 354 3219 096.7 11 20 101
3353 096.7 3 17 13 12 90 228 3353 097.2 15 20 114
3487 097.5 3 11 17 6 47 142 3487 097.6 16 21 121
3621 098.2 1 7 *15 4 51 133 3621 098.1 19 28 ~ 53
3755 099.0 1 5 3 3 12 40 3755 098.6 14 19 ,08
3889 099.8 0 4 0 22 8 58 3889 099.1 26 15 ;34
4023 100.5 17 5 32 90 4023 099.6 *28 15 140
4157 101.3 11 2 43 95 4157 100.0 23 21 ~ 43
4292 102.1 7 2 55 109 4292 100.5 19 23 137
4426 102.9 4 2 48 0 92 4426 101 .0 23 *34 'B6
4560 103.6 2 2 2 0 10 4560 101.5 14 17 101
4694 104.4 2 2 0 0 7 4694 102.0 20 16 117
4828 105.2 1 3 6 0 0 17 4828 102.4 9 10 62
4962 105.9 1 2 2 10 0 0 24 4962 102.9 8 6 46
5096 106.7 0 2 0 5 1 0 12 5096 103.4 4 5 29
5230 107.5 1 1 1 0 4 5230 103.9 5 1 20
5364 108.2 1 0 2 0 3 5364 104.4 3 0 10
5499 109.0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5499 104.8 0 0
5633 109.8 0 5 1 0 3 5633 105.3 1 3
5767 110.5 30 0 22 2 0 61 5767 105.8 0 0
5901 111.3 31 4 37 2 0 75
6035 112.1 20 *12 5 18 0 64 CIC 1605 1211
6169 112.8 30 0 19 39 0 90 Peak 29 38
6303 113.6 27 0 *106 63 0 151 Pass 1 2
6437 114.4 106 1 38 23 0 208
6571 115.1 *141 0 9 10 0 235
6706 115.9 111 7 44 0 2'15
6840' 116.7 29 5 55 0 94
6974 117.5 12 4 *79 0 86
7108 118.2 8 3 19 0 30
7242 119.0 6 3 8 0 18 Conemau9h 377 Arc 4.0 km
7376 119.8 6 2 5 0 15 22 April 1971 Ref pt 1050
7510 120.5 6 5 4 0 15 0703 tD 0717 EST 502. pphm
7644 121.3 5 3 4 0 13
7778 122.1 6 1 3 0 12 Cum y, Di r, Traverse 1ei I"'ht 1 iii
7913 122.8 4 1 3 0 9 m de9 174 253 305 383 435 VIC
8047 123.6 4 0 3 0 9
8181 124.4 2 3 0 6
8315 125.1 3 2 0 6 0 081. 9 0 0
8449 125.9 2 2 0 5 134 083.9 1 2
8583 126.7 1 1 0 2 268 085.8 4 0 0 8
8717 127.4 0 0 0 0 402 087.7 12 2 7 39
536 089.6 8 3 14 42
CIC 727 1010 892 1816 4908 2171 61 985 1426 0 671 091. 6 15 12 0 62 139
Peak 28 27 20 80 154 143 22 106 84 0 805 093.5 12 *17 5 60 147
Pass 10 9 8 7 6 1 2 3 5 4 939 095.4 *15 0 2 4 *76 148
1073 097.3 5 3 0 6 58 107
1207 099.2 0 *5 12 31 73
1341 101.2 5 15 26 71
1475 103.1 5 8 15 43
1609 105.0 5 *22 12 64
1743 106.9 3 21 8 53
1878 108.8 0 5 0 9
2012 110.8 3 5
2146 112.7 3 5
2280 114.6 4 7
2414 116.5 3 5
2548 118.4 0 0
CIC 258 93 129 398 1322
Peak 16 7 23 36 77
Pass 5 4 3 1 2
123
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 378 Arc 10.0 km Conemaugh 380 Arc 4.0 km
22 April 1971 Ref pt 1100 24 April 1 971 Ref pt 0480
0733 to 0751 EST S02. pphm 0659 to 0711 EST S02. pphm
Cum y, Dir, Traverse height, m Cum y. Dir, Traverse hei ght, m
m deg 183 253 318 365 439 VIC m deg 305 364 431 496 558 618 677 VIC
o 096.2 0 0 0 028.8 0 0
134 096.9 2 4 134 030.7 9 15
268 097.7 2 4 268 032.6 32 54
402 098.5 0 3 6 402 034.6 53 89
536 099.2 2 4 11 536 036.5 0 *22 0 37
671 100.0 0 1 2 5 671 038.4 8 7 25 68
805 100.8 1 1 4 11 805 040.3 *12 0 50 0 107
939 101.5 2 1 4 13 939 042.2 5 135 70 364
1073 102.3 1 2 3 11 1073 044.2 0 113 *504 0 10~7
1207 103.1 1 3 4 14 1207 046.1 131 295 0 0 727
1341 103.9 2 5 4 19 1341 048.0 *190 5 0 *48 0 419
1475 104.6 2 5 6 23 1475 049.9 98 0 224 5 0 546
1609 105.4 3 12 7 37 1609 051.8 0 *273 40 0 b08
1743 106.2 5 14 *8 46 1743 053.8 32 0 0 52
1878 106.9 7 0 11 0 4 37 1878 055.7 0 0 0
2012 107.7 *11 1 16 1 5 58
2146 108.5 11 1 17 2 6 63 CIC 90 441 2658 3131 1895 333 0
2280 109.2 11 0 *18 7 7 73 Peak 15 63 192 516 276 72 0
2414 110.0 8 2 15 8 7 68 Pass 7 6 1 2 3 4 5
2548 110.8 4 2 12 8 4 50
2682 111.5 4 4 10 7 3 47
2816 112.3 1 7 7 8 5 48
2950 113.1 1 *7 5 *11 5 49
3085 113.8 0 7 3 8 3 36
3219 114.6 6 1 8 3 31
3353 115.4 7 0 6 1 24
3487 116.1 6 5 2 23
3621 116.9 5 3 1 16
3755 117.7 1 0 0 2
3889 118.5 1 1 3 Conemaugh 381 Arc 10.0 km
4023 119.2 2 2 7 24 Apri 1 1971 Ref pt 0480
4157 120.0 1 5 10 0717 to 0741 EST S02' pphm
4292 120.8 1 1 3
4426 121.5 1 0 2 Cum y, Di f, Traverse he; ght I m
4560 122.3 0 0 m Oeg 318 367 434 494 54S 613 671 VIC
CIC 269 222 577 326 390
Peak 13 9 20 13 10 0 024.2 0 0
Pass 1 2 3 4 5 134 024.9 1
268 025.7 1
402 026.5 3 4
536 027.3 6 0 8
671 028.0 7 1 11
805 028.8 9 8 24
939 029.6 11 20 0 45
1073 030.3 13 11 3 39
Conemau9h 379 Arc 4.0 km 1207 031.1 15 10 3 40
23 April 1971 Ref pt 105' 1341 031. 9 *18 9 4 44
0718 to 0741 EST S02, pphm 1475 032.6 16 *19 4 57
1609 033.4 11 10 5 38
Cum y, Dir, Traverse he; ght, m 1743 034.2 2 2 6 16
m' deS 436 461 475 559 637 684 747 805 884 VIC 1878 034.9 1 2 16 0 31
2012 035.7 1 2 26 2 51
2146 036.5 0 3 14 4 34
o 083.9 0 0 2280 037.2 12 16 5 53
134 085.8 5 3 2414 038.0 12 17 6 56
268 087.7 1 0 1 2548 038.8 21 42 12 121
402 089.6 2 7 5 2682 039.5 3 31 9 71
536 091.6 *2 5 4 2816 040.3 3 26 19 77
671 093.5 1 9 5 2950 041.1 5 21 10 58
805 095.4 1 11 6 3085 041.9 2 19 9 49
939 097.3 0 13 7 3219 042.6 4 59 11 122
1073 099.2 11 0 0 6 3353 043.4 4 *74 59 221
1207 101.2 *14 4 26 69 3487 044.2 7 56 74 218
1341 103.1 11 4 40 97 3621 044.9 4 9 *105 181
1475 105.0 8 5 54 0 127 3755 045.7 3 5 80 0 135
1609 106.9 4 30 83 9 234 3889 046.5 2 5 54 U 19 125
1743 108.8 0 31 199 30 515 4023 047.2 1 1 30 38 23 146
1878 110.8 45 *235 4 573 4157 048.0 2 0 4 96 6 170
2012 112.7 *50 190 0 25 513 4292 048.8 2 3 82 10 i 53
2146 114.6 0 233 1 9 519 4426 049.5 0 6 32 87 201
2280 116.5 58 1 8 139 4560 050.3 79 87 *105 428
2414 118.4 0 46 24 111 4694 051.1 42 52 67 255
2548 120.4 51 *195 0 0 371 4828 051.8 6 106 30 0 225
2682 122.3 231 165 *155 *1.51 1148 4962 052.6 12 *133 2~ *20 293
2816 124.2 *253 22 64 61 665 5096 053.4 0 96 15 1 ~77
2950 126.1 38 0 20 24 0 139 5230 054.1 113 10 3 199
3085 128.1 0 0 0 *20 42 5364 054.9 3" 11 3 71
3219 130.0 9 19 5499 055.7 U 5 8
3353 131. 9 0 0 5633 056.5 0 0
CIC 43 333 605 4~05 2225 1759 856 845 104 CIC 412 659 1655 2296 3102 ,447 1 ~ 5
Peak 8 17 76 250 276 212 161 173 51 Pe.~ 19 27 75 lOa 135 108 23
Pass 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pass 7 6 5 1 2 3 4
124
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 382 Arc 4.0 Ion
26 April 1 971 Ref pt 095°
0602 to 0634 EST S02, pphm
Cum y, Dir. Traverse he; ght, m
m de9 240 325 373 435 497 572 625 670 778 815 870 965 VIC
0 045.1 0 0
134 047.0 6 8
268 048.9 13 17
402 050.8 12 16
536 052.7 6 8
671 054.7 5 7
805 056.6 14 18
939 058.5 17 22
1073 060.4 17 22
1207 062.3 0 11 14
1341 064.3 5 0 12 25
1475 066.2 0 2 10 17
1609 068.1 4 0 15 27
1743 070.0 6 0 26 45
1878 071.9 0 0 1 44 59
2012 073.9 6 5 11 94 161
2146 075.8 8 4 1 26 56
2280 077.7 4 15 0 5 15 58
2414 079.6 6 15 2 5 37 93
2548 081. 6 15 20 5 0 43 0 120
2682 083.5 11 19 15 19 25 0 139
2816 085.4 0 12 24 43 *25 0 81 0 279
2950 087.3 *1 4 *70 34 0 1 *257 0 0 0 507
3085 089.2 0 *21 0 38 5 0 197 5 *132 0 641
3219 Og1. 2 1 4 *55 8 37 132 6 0 0 0 363
3353 093.1 0 5 19 0 42 46 2 53 0 278
3487 095.0 0 11 0 56 0 0 157 0 416
3621 096.9 2 0 59 0 *256 0 0 596
3755 098.8 0 1 124 44 97 32 0 529
3889 100.8 1 89 55 0 99 0 387
4023 102.7 0 130 *99 *99 0 545
4157 104.6 *145 18 0 0 284
4292 106.5 23 11 0 62
4426 108.4 0 11 0 22
4560 110.4 5 10
4694 112.3 6 12
4828 114.2 9 18
4962 116.1 6 12
5096 118.1 0 0
CIC 7 398 616 802 301 2529 4159 992 201 7 824 473 0
Peak 8 29 81 64 29 152 270 107 264 164 138 0
Pass 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Conemau9h 383 Arc 10.0 km Conemaugh 383 (continued)
26 April 1971 Ref pt 1020
0707 to 0743 EST S02, pphm Cum Y. Dir, Traverse hei ght, m
m deq 318 380 452 500 560 633 678 741 VIC
Cum'y, Dir, Traverse height, m
m deg 318 380 452 500 560 633 678 741 VIC
4292 112.0 *28 8 9 19 22 50 213
4426 112.8 23 4 1 20 10 45 158
o 087.4 0 0 4560 113.5 3 10 0 24 5 55 146
134 088.2 3 5 4694 114.3 0 3 19 5 16 65
268 088.9 3 5 4828 115.1 8 17 4 11 62
402 089.7 3 0 5 4962 115.8 6 16 5 9 56
536 090.5 3 2 8 5096 116.6 2 15 ~ 9 47
671 091.2 4 2 10 5230 117.4 2 14 '6 8 46
805 092.0 6 3 15 5364 118.1 1 16 6 7 46
939 092.8 6 0 2 13 5499 118.9 2 47 6 5 89
1073 093.5 0 6 2 3 17 5633 119.7 0 58 2 4 93
1207 094.3 2 6 1 6 24 5767 120.4 *72 1 3 110
1341 095.1 2 8 2 6 29 5901 121.2 46 0 J 71
1475 095.9 3 0 14 1 8 42 6035 122.0 36 3 56
1609 096.6 4 3 18 7 9 65 6169 122.7 28 2 43
1743 097.4 4 6 25 8 11 86 6303 123.5 34 0 49
1878 098.2 4 8 19 11 14 90 6437 124.3 18 26
2012 098.9 5 10 12 9 17 86 6571 125.1 13 19
2146 099.7 5 8 21 11 23 110 6706 125.8 10 14
2280 100.5 0 0 5 9 26 12 19 114 6840 126.6 5 7
2414 101.2 2 1 5 24 34 8 23 159 6974 127.4 5 7
2548 102.0 3 2 6 29 29 7 20 159 7108 128.1 4 6
2682 102.8 3 3 7 0 35 32 7 23 182 7242 128.9 3 4
2816 103.5 4 2 8 3 27 *29 15 30 193 7376 129.7 4 6
2950 104.3 4 3 13 4 ~7 28 14 *39 216 7510 130.4 4 6
3085 105.1 6 5 17 4 15 16 31 38 212 7644 131. 2 2 3
3219 105.8 5 3 16 3 17 1 27 22 151 7778 132.0 2 3
3353 106.6 8 5 21 4 20 1 12 38 180 7913 132.7
3487 107.4 8 5 24 4 30 2 21 11 171 8047 133.7 0
3621 108.1 5 9 25 4 38 1 15 5 169
3755 108.9 6 *17 39 8 58 1 22 13 272 CIC 441 484 1179 2314 2049 1279 2267 1386
3889 109.7 1 17 *40 18 *58 0 41 0 284 Peak 31 21 42 75 61 36 77 50
4023 110.5 3 11 29 24 48 54 268 Pass 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4
4157 111.2 11 6 35 18 25 *65 249
125
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 384 Arc 4.0 km Conemaugh 385 Arc 10.0 km
28 April 1971 Ref pt 3510 28 April 1971 Ref pt 3550
0603 to 0626 EST 502' pphm 0642 to 0719 EST 502' pphm
Cum y, Dir. Traverse height, m Cum y. Dir, Tra verse hei ght, m
m de9 243 308 362 435 498 563 618 678 vrc m deg 311 378 436 494 560 615 683 728 VIC
o 316.4 0 0 0 338.1 0 0
134 318.3 18 27 134 338.9 2 4
268 320.3 34 52 268 339.6 2 4
402 322.2 59 90 402 340.4 1 2
536 324.1 0 45 69 536 341.2 2 4
671 326.0 12 0 135 226 671 341. 9 3 5
805 327.9 0 0 17 2 *142 248 805 342.7 5 9
939 329.9 1 3 22 1 III 215 939 343.5 5 9
1073 331.8 1 8 47 5 57 0 191 1073 344.2 5 9
1207 333.7 2 25 54 59 64 5 341 1207 345.0 7 13
1341 335.6 4 67 *121 *135 19 22 616 1341 345.8 6 11
1475 337.6 5 *78 112 86 3 63 585 1475 346.5 4 7
1609 339.5 0 7 57 100 50 4 *65 477 1609 347.3 6 11
1743 341.4 1 *25 14 62 66 18 22 343 1743 348.1 9 16
1878 343.3 0 11 10 39 47 40 7 251 1878 348.9 9 16
2012 345.2 5 8 21 26 57 30 5 249 2012 349.6 6 11
2146 347.2 *7 12 35 9 20 8 3 159 2146 350.4 8 0 14
2280 349.1 4 10 42 4 16 0 3 137 2280 351. 2 14 1 27
2414 351.0 3 5 40 1 9 1 2 107 2414 351.9 *18 1 34
2548 352.9 3 3 31 0 7 1 0 79 2548 352.7 13 1 25
2682 354.8 0 1 1 24 9 0 61 2682 353.5 14 1 27
2816 356.8 1 1 0 16 5 1 42 2816 354.2 9 3 0 0 21
2950 358.7 *2 0 15 4 0 37 2950 355.0 6 0 2 1
3085 000.6 0 12 3 27 3085 355.8 5 2 2 2
3219 002.5 0 6 4 17 3219 356.5 6 1 3 1 'L
3353 004.4 1 0 2 5 3353 357.3 2 3 5 4 £,;
3487 006.4 0 1 2 3487 358.1 1 4 6 5 26
3621 008.3 0 0 3621 358.8 0 5 6 4 24
3755 359.6 8 6 3 28
crc 14 90 340 1805 2242 2106 2830 706 3889 000.4 12 11 4 44
Peak 2 9 32 84 123 136 152 68 4023 001.1 14 11 6 0 50
Pass 8 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 4157 001.9 17 18 8 8 82
4292 002.7 11 14 12 20 92
4426 003.5 18 16 18 39 147
4560 004.2 *20 22 23 15 0 129
4694 005.0 14 22 27 27 2 149
4828 005.8 8 20 34 43 0 169
4962 006.5 6 22 27 42 12 176
5096 007.3 7 22 30 *61 6 203
5230 008.1 8 25 33 51 8 201
5364 008.8 9 *29 44 36 15 215
5499 009.6 9 30 64 22 38 265
5633 010.4 11 22 *73 14 46 271
5767 011.1 12 23 65 24 67 311
5901 011.9 4 13 61 24 60 264
6035 012.7 2 13 65 28 55 266
6169 013.4 1 12 64 31 35 233
6303 014.2 1 7 32 11 38 0 145
6437 015.0 0 7 29 4 22 0 101
6571 015.7 3 21 5 25 0 88
6706 016.5 4 16 0 29 0 80
6840 017.3 0 14 *75 0 0 145
6974 018.1 13 34 1 0 78
7108 018.8 10 14 2 0 42
7242 019.6 8 9 3 0 32
7376 020.4 7 7 6 0 32
7510 021.1 6 0 21 0 41
7644 021. 9 4 *36 0 60
7778 022.7 0 18 0 27
7913 023.4 8 0 12
8047 024.2 3 0 4
8181 025.0 11 0 16
8315 025.7 14 0 21
8449 026.5 8 0 12
8583 027.3 3 0 4
8717 028.0 5 0 7
8851 028.8 9 0 13
8985 029.6 4 0 6
9120 030.3 0 0 0
crc 602 767 1419 3002 1809 2139 544
Peak 19 22 32 76 62 81 38
Pass 8 7 6 1 2 3 4
126
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemau9h 386 Arc 4.0 km Conemau9h 388 Arc 10.0 km
29 April 1971 Ref pt 080' 4 May 1971 Ref pt 100'
0557 to 0618 EST S02. pphm 0643 to 0716 EST S02. pphm
Cum y, Dir, Traverse he; 9ht. m Cum y, Dir, Traverse he; 9ht. m
m de9 125 180 247 315 380 440 504 563 633 685 711 VIC m de9 316 390 430 490 550 615 688 VIC
o 072.3 0 0 0 0 093.1 0 0
134 074.2 1 1 0 3 134 093.9 4 7
268 076.2 21 1 0 4 0 43 268 094.6 5 9
402 078.1 0 7 2 33 0 54 110 402 095.4 J 5 9
536 080.0 0 0 *18 0 5 5 32 182 227 536 096.2 1 4 9
671 081. 9 0 6 1 0 22 4 21 *40 *194 290 671 096.9 4 3 12
805 083.8 *2 26 *19 0 44 1 77 7 0 77 350 805 097.7 4 5 16
939 085.8 0 *40 18 24 *97 14 *204 0 18 0 688 939 098.5 0 4 5 16
1073 087.7 0 34 0 *48 54 *18 57 5 356 1073 099.2 3 6 6 26
1207 089.6 1 0 0 6 21 11 32 50 171 1207 100.0 3 7 6 0 27
1341 091. 5 0 0 26 41 0 17 *100 244 1341 100.8 0 0 3 7 7 13 55
1475 093.4 10 0 0 0 72 93 1475 101.5 1 1 3 7 7 6 44
1609 095.4 6 14 25 1609 102.3 2 2 4 7 8 5 49
1743 097.3 0 32 33 1743 103.1 1 3 6 8 10 5 58
1878 099.2 0 0 1878 103.8 2 3 6 8 8 5 56
2012 104.6 2 3 8 12 8 4 64
CIC 11 459 193 97 373 999 197 1612 283 1042 1816 2146 105.4 2 3 0 11 15 9 4 75
Peak 12 46 27 27 61 106 28 217 67 114 211 2280 106.1 2 4 3 12 14 11 7 90
Pass 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4 2414 106.9 2 5 3 14 7 11 1 72
2548 107.7 2 5 3 11 11 13 2 79
2682 108.5 2 5 5 12 ;2 15 0 85
2816 109.2 1 5 10 14 12 17 1 99
2950 110.0 2 7 9 9 11 18 1 98
3085 110.8 2 7 7 10 14 16 1 95
3219 111.5 8 8 6 22 28 j? 0 149
3353 112.3 9 *11 8 *22 31 13 0 156
Conemau9h 387 Arc 4.0 km 3487 113.1 9 11 7 21 28 10 0 142
4 May 1971 Ref pt 100' 3621 113.8 *9 9 8 17 38 18 0 166
0553 to 0619 EST S02, pphm 3755 114.6 5 7 9 16 *36 26 0 166
3889 115.4 8 4 10 18 34 *28 0 172
Cum y, Dirl Traverse he; 9ht. m 4023 116.1 4 3 9 4 33 23 0 128
m de9 310 373 440 492 576 630 678 740 806 885 VIC 4157 116.9 1 0 8 2 25 ;9 0 92
4292 117.7 4 7 4 19 15 0 83
4426 118.4 1 8 0 14 13 0 60
o 078.9 0 0 4560 119.2 0 14 9 13 15 0 68
134 080.8 1 2 4694 120.0 *13 Ii 12 0 59
268 082.7 1 2 4828 120.7 8 7 2 0 28
402 084.6 5 8 4962 121.5 8 5 3 J 26
536 086.6 0 0 0 0 5096 122.3 6 4 0 0 18
671 088.5 0 10 2 4 26 5230 123.1 8 3 0 17
805 090.4 *5. 0 31 12 0 74 5364 123.8 2 3 0 8
939 092.3 2 2 *24 *37 5 0 105 5499 124.6 4 3 0 12
1073 094.2 0 7 0 0 32 10 4 83 5633 125.4 2 3 3 13
1207 096.2 *7 4 13 0 10 4 65 5767 126.1 6 2 8 27
1341 098.1 0 18 0 24 0 1 17 5 110 5901 126.9 2 2 *11 27
1475 100.0 1 23 4 21 4 0 1 11 110 6035 127.7 4 1 6 19
1609 101.9 1 45 15 11 18 0 2 *24 207 6169 128.4 1 1 7 17
1743 103.8 0 *45 43 4 8 4 1 20 229 6303 129.2 1 1 3 9
1878 105.8 27 38 0 18 10 0 12 188 6437 130.0 0 2 2 7
2012 107.7 11 32 23 11 12 11 178 6571 130.7 2 1 5
2146 109.6 17 *76 33 12 7 12 279 6706 131.5 3 0 5
2280 111.5 4 23 57 5 7 11 179 6840 132.3 2 3
2414 113.4 0 7 76 17 20 0 192 6974 133.0 0 0
2548 115.4 5 *90 37 2 209
2682 117.3 0 82 30 10 191 CIC 290 380 713 939 1888 1487 344
2816 119.2 18 *35 5 96 Peak 11 13 17 24 40 28 14
2950 121.1 7 10 0 27 Pass 7 6 5 4 1 2 3
3085 123.1 5 1 24 55
3219 125.0 6 2 *29 68
3353 126.9 0 8 11 35
3487 128.8 0 8 15
3621 130.7 6 12
3755 132.7 2 4
3889 134.6 0 0
CIC 25 64 258 695 870 559 1594 656 691 408
Peak 6 12 45 55 88 40 121 38 34 30
Pass 10 9 8 7 1 2 3 4 5 6
127
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
ConemaU9h 389 Arc 4.0 km Conemau9h 390 Arc 10.0 km
5 May 1971 Ref pt 0730 5 May 1971 Ref pt 0470
0600 to 0617 EST S02, pphm 0625 to 0648 EST S02, pphm
Cum y, Oir, Traverse hei9ht, m Cum y. Dir, Traverse hei9ht, m
m de9 327 386 440 498 565 635 658 VIC m de9 500 567 630 690 VIC
o 034.6 0 0 0 033.9 0 0
134 036.5 4 6 134 034.7 2 4
268 038.4 *15 22 268 035.5 3 5
402 040.3 5 7 402 036.2 3 5
536 042.3 0 0 0 536 037.0 2 4
671 044.2 2 3 671 037.8 3 5
805 046.1 *2 0 0 3 805 038.5 3 5
939 048.0 0 44 1 67 939 039.3 *9 16
1073 049.9 34 55 142 1073 040.1 4 7
1207 051. 9 *65 40 0 163 1207 040.9 2 4
1341 053.8 38 *88 0 203 1341 041.6 2 4
1475 055.7 0 55 0 0 91 1475 042.4 3 5
1609 057.6 0 0 216 0 265 1609 043.2 3 5
1743 059.6 25 *320 0 439 1743 043.9 4 7
1878 061. 5 26 322 0 443 1878 044.7 6 11
2012 063.4 128 332 0 640 2012 045.5 6 11
2146 065.3 62 281 0 458 2146 046.2 5 9
2280 067.2 *180 0 0 327 2280 047.0 2 0 4
2414 069.2 38 0 69 2414 047.8 3 10 22
2548 071.1 21 38 2548 048.5 6 0 14 34
2682 073. 0 0 0 2682 049.3 3 2 21 43
2816 050.1 2 1 31 56
CIC 14 86 648 856 171 9 5269 2950 050.8 2 1 47 82
Peak 7 21 126 195 197 344 3085 051.6 2 56 108 277
Pass 7 6 5 4 1 2 3219 052.4 3 83 114 335
3353 053.1 2 108 136 413
3487 053.9 3 *121 177 504
3621 054.7 2 63 *194 429
3755 055.5 2 29 191 '~6~
3889 056.2 0 19 162 297
4023 057.0 11 ;2g 229
4157 057.8 11 102 185
4292 058.5 8 59 110
4426 059.3 11 10 35
4560 060.1 8 7 25
4694 060.8 8 8 27
Conemau9h 391 Arc 4.0 km 4828 061. 6 8 7 25
10 May 1971 Ref pt 225" 4962 062.4 7 6 22
0559 to 0621 EST S02' pphm 5096 063.1 7 6 0 22
5230 063.9 7 8 83 158
Cum y, Dir, Traverse height, m 5364 064.7 7 9 59 ~ 21
m de9 375 418 442 506 560 633 660 688 VIC 5499 065.4 7 8 84 :60
5633 066.2 7 7 *126 22~
5767 067.0 6 6 94 17i
0 213.5 0 0 0 5901 067.7 6 7 33 75
134 215.4 61 0 81 6035 068.5 7 15 48
268 217.3 20 0 0 27 6169 069.3 8 7 10 41
402 219.2 42 *6 0 60 6303 070.1 10 7 7 40
536 221. 2 *94 0 0 126 6437 070.8 10 4 6 33
671 223.1 0 84 0 112 6571 071.6 8 3 n 28
805 225.0 0 59 26 0 134 6706 072.4 11 4 (, 35
939 226.9 0 7 0 78 0 0 139 6840 073.1 8 4 " 28
1073 228.8 5 9 8 118 6 0 234 6974 073.9 8 4 25
1207 230.8 7 27 25 76 0 205 7108 074.7 8 0 75
1341 232.7 0 13 40 55 117 342 7242 075.4 8 28
1475 234.6 4 20 65 *94 *132 469 7376 076.2 8 27
1609 236.5 *2 *32 76 84 83 392 7510 077.0 a 2S
1743 238.4 0 35 *76 61 42 287 7644 077.7 8 24
1878 240.4 0 26 30 46 31 183 7778 078.5 8 20
2012 242.3 4 14 7 30 32 126 7913 079.3 7 19
2146 244.2 0 0 7 13 15 54 8047 080.0 5 18
2280 246.1 4 7 0 0 12 8181 080.8 0 3
2414 248.1 0 0 0 8315 081.6 0
CIC 36 559 1257 1490 2805 1193 21 CIC 330 2622 5817 2113
Peak 5 44 81 99 139 103 7 Peak 11 123 200 127
Pass 7 8 6 5 1 2 4 Pass 1 2 3 4
128
-------
Table 3. PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 392 Arc 10.0 km Conemaugh 393 Arc 4.0 km
10 May 1971 Ref pt 2280 11 May 1971 Ref pt 3250
0627 to 0713 EST S02. pphm 0558 to 0613 EST S02. pphm
Cum Y. Dir, Traverse height, m Cum y, Dir. Traverse hei ght. m
m deg 252 288 323 380 447 506 570 631 VIC m deg 252 323 385 446 510 566 603 624 VIC
o 210.3 0 0 0 0 309.6 0 0
134 211.1 0 1 1 134 311.6 31 51
268 211.9 0 2 2 268 313.5 0 200 326
402 212.6 0 0 3 4 402 315.4 0 *244 0 398
536 213.4 0 4 4 9 536 317.3 0 172 0 151 522
671 214.2 0 2 5 8 671 319.2 0 83 29 199 502
805 214.9 0 5 5 11 805 321.2 0 55 59 *630 1197
939 215.7 0 4 7 12 939 323.1 0 22 172 577 1245
1073 216.5 0 11 6 18 1073 325.0 0 0 0 267 457 0 1175
1207 217.2 0 6 7 14 1207 326.9 0 4 298 162 17 0 781
1341 218.0 0 5 9 16 1341 328.8 0 *17 *318 11 79 0 671
1475 218.8 0 1 11 14 1475 330.8 0 6 154 0 37 0 311
1609 219.5 0 0 10 12 1609 332.7 0 *8 95 *120 0 0 319
1743 220.3 0 1 10 13 1743 334.6 0 2 0 27 *12 0 46
1878 221.1 0 3 11 16 1878 336.5 0 2 0 0 0 4
2012 221. 9 0 6 11 0 19 2012 338.4 0 0 0 0
2146 222.6 0 7 14 1 0 25
2280 223.4 0 8 18 0 0 3 35 CIC 0 140 2891 4986 7834 1003 43 0
2414 224.2 0 9 21 5 1 0 4 51 Peak 0 17 248 330 636 124 20 0
2548 224.9 0 11 *20 *12 1 1 1 60 Pass 8 7 6 5 4 1 3 2
2682 225.7 0 9 15 5 0 7 *37 0 108
2816 226.5 0 4 16 2 1 6 29 1 88
2950 227.2 0 2 16 2 2 32 16 2 110
3085 228.0 0 2 19 3 4 32 18 3 124
3219 228.8 0 6 15 3 4 *64 16 *3 171
3353 229.5 0 9 17 3 3 71 11 0 173
3487 230.3 0 7 15 2 3 95 10 1 206
3621 231.1 0 1 14 3 3 87 4 2 180
3755 231. 8 0 2 13 5 4 73 2 0 155 Conemaugh 394 Arc 4.0 km
3889 232.6 0 1 16 3 2 53 2 119 14 May 1971 Ref pt 072 0
4023 233.4 0 1 18 1 1 43 2 100 0603 to 0620 EST S02' ophm
4157 234.1 0 23 17 1 1 56 0 137
4292 234.9 0 *28 16 1 2 63 154 Cum y, Di r, Traverse he; ght, m
4426 235.7 0 5 16 3 3 52 119 m deg 251 317 372 440 492 569 622 685 VIC
4560 236.5 0 3 17 5 5 41 107
4694 237.2 0 2 18 3 11 37 108
4828 238.0 0 0 17 5 11 28 93 0 045.1 0 0
4962 238.8 0 0 15 5 10 28 89 134 047.0 0 0 19 31
5096 239.5 0 2 16 6 13 27 97 268 048.9 *5 6 24 58
5230 240.3 0 1 17 7 17 27 106 402 050.9 0 22 56 126
5364 241.1 0 3 18 6 16 30 111 536 052.8 37 98 219
5499 241.8 0 5 18 6 19 23 106 671 054.7 29 *237 0 433
5633 242.6 0 7 9 5 23 22 100 805 056.6 44 172 33 407
5767 243.4 0 9 10 4 22 23 102 939 058.6 53 169 0 27 416
5901 244.1 0 4 9 3 20 20 86 1073 060.5 *81 29 2 15 2Ci,;
6035 244.9 0 3 10 3 *22 14 80 1207 062.4 0 0 7 97 ~7I
6169 245.7 0 5 7 1 20 15 73 1341 064.3 68 *97 0 275
6303 246.4 0 9 4 2 18 17 75 1475 066.2 93 88 0 299
6437 247.2 0 4 1 1 20 15 65 1609 068.2 *198 0 0 0 317
6571 248.0 0 4 0 1 14 11 47 1743 070.1 151 *14 0 264
6706 248.7 0 2 2 12 9 40 1878 072.0 24 10 0 54
6840 249.5 0 1 1 5 6 21 2012 073.9 113 0 0 0 181
6974 250.3 0 0 0 1 6 11 2146 075.8 0 *128 0 222
7108 251.1 0 1 4 8 2280 077.8 74 0 128
7242 251. 8 0 0 3 5 2414 079.7 0 0
7376 252.6 0 3 5
7510 253.4 4 7 CIC 18 974 2880 2350 1279 724 86 0
7644 254.1 4 7 Peak 10 131 243 205 218 133 21 0
7778 254.9 3 5 Pass 8 7 6 5 4 1 2 3
7913 255.7 3 5
8047 256.4 2 3
8181 257.2 0 0
CIC 0 885 2092 433 1128 4155 555 43
Peak 0 29 22 12 24 100 43 6
Pass 7 8 6 5 4 3 1 2
129
-------
Table 3.
(continued)
PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 395 Arc 4.0 km Conemaugh 396 Arc 10.0 km
19 May 1971 Ref pt 0490 19 May 1971 Ref pt 0610
0557 to 0611 EST 502, pphm 0658 to 0720 EST 502' pphm
Cum y, Dir, Traverse he; ght I m Cum Y. Dir, Traverse height, m
m deg 377 403 447 504 572 637 VIC m deg 445 507 565 634 689 746 VIC
o 022.1 0 0 0 039.5 0 0
134 024.0 1 1 134 040.3 2 3
268 025.9 19 18 268 041.0 6 ,0
402 027.9 0 33 31 402 041.8 9 15
536 029.8 2 48 46 536 042.6 12 20
671 031. 7 *17 *59 67 671 043.3 12 20
805 033.6 2 56 54 805 044.1 16 26
939 035.6 0 10 9 939 044.9 20 33
1073 037.5 0 0 1073 045.6 21 35
1207 039.4 0 1207 046.4 20 0 33
1341 041.3 0 0 0 1341 047.2 22 4 43
1475 043.2 0 37 2 65 1475 047.9 23 8 52
1609 045.2 77 105 2 280 1609 048.7 26 10 60
1743 047.1 108 *556 13 1088 1743 049.5 32 10 70
1878 049.0 184 599 40 1308 1878 050.2 69 12 i34
2012 050.9 *266 225 *112 0 925 2012 051.0 78 12 149
2146 052.8 150 0 4 4 214 2146 051.8 85 14 164
2280 054.8 30 7 *5 61 2280 052.5 *108 15 204
2414 056.7 18 5 0 33 2414 053.3 100 15 191
2548 058.6 12 5 25 2548 054.1 89 15 173
2682 060.5 11 0 15 2682 054.9 100 17 194
2816 062.4 6 8 2816 055.6 102 16 196
2950 064.4 0 0 2950 056.4 76 0 19 158
3085 057.2 62 4 20 143
CIC 75 810 3088 5452 681 32 3219 057.9 17 5 23 75
Peak 30 68 275 726 128 6 3353 058.7 58 8 26 0 153
Pass 5 6 4 3 1 2 3487 059.5 7 15 31 0 88
3621 060.2 11 82 63 0 0 256
3755 061.0 5 148 98 3 0 415
3889 061.8 2 159 *125 0 6 0 477
4023 062.5 0 *195 67 1 9 0 440
4157 063.3 146 20 2 *91 0 407
4292 064.1 63 20 5 41 0 204
4426 064.8 32 18 8 49 0 168
4560 065.6 25 15 10 26 a 121
4694 066.4 22 17 115 21 0 286
4828 067.1 18 17 83 2 0 198
4962 067.9 17 16 *107 0 0 231
5096 068.7 19 15 36 0 115
5230 069.5 18 14 23 0 90
5364 070.2 13 14 15 0 69
5499 071.0 14 13 11 a 63
5633 071.8 14 11 6 0 51
5767 072.5 12 9 4 41
5901 073.3 12 7 5 39
6035 074.1 10 5 5 33
6169 074.8 9 0 4 21
6303 075.6 8 4 19
6437 076.4 7 4 18
6571 077.1 0 0 0
CIC 4263 3851 2977 1605 888 0
Peak 108 202 127 120 97 0
Pass 6 1 2 3 4 5
130
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemau9h 397 Arc 4.0 km Conemau9h 398 Arc 10.0 km
20 May 1971 Ref pt 1910 20 May 1971 Ref pt 1990
0741 to 0817 EST S02. pphm 0825 to 0831 EST S02' pphm
Cum y. Dirt Traverse hei9ht, m Cum y. Di\"', Traverse hei 9ht. m
m de9 272 332 397 452 512 577 632 659 692 752 VIC m de9 450 566 VIC
o 091.1 0 0 0 179.8 0 0
134 093.0 12 19 134 180.6 3 9
268 094.9 13 21 268 181.3 3 9
402 096.9 12 19 402 182.1 4 12
536 098.8 9 14 536 182.9 5 15
671 100.7 19 30 671 183.6 3 9
805 102.6 47 75 805 184.4 4 12
939 104.6 77 123 939 185.2 4 12
1073 106.5 80 128 1073 185.9 6 19
1207 108.4 64 103 1207 186.7 3 9
1341 110.3 68 109 1341 187.5 5 ~ 5
1475 112.2 80 128 1475 188.2 6 19
1609 114.2 *109 175 1609 189.0 ~o 31
1743 116.1 77 123 1743 189.8 ~3 40
1878 118.0 83 133 1878 190.5 0 18 56
2012 119.9 0 74 119 2012 191.3 2 69 220
2146 121.8 4 65 109 2146 192.1 2 *95 301
2280 123.8 7 38 69 2280 192.9 1 13 43
2414 125.7 7 26 50 2414 193.6 1 43 136
2548 127.6 19 26 65 2548 194.4 2 31 102
2682 129.5 34 22 77 2682 195.2 2 0 6
2816 131.4 33 12 60 2816 195.9 4 12
2950 133.4 83 17 129 2950 196.7 9 26
3085 135.3 40 34 104 3085 197.5 5 15
3219 137.2 40 33 102 3219 198.2 5 15
3353 139.1 95 17 144 3353 199.0 9 28
3487 141.1 *117 18 173 3487 199.8 6 19
3621 143.0 115 11 159 3621 200.5 5 15
3755 144.9 44 1 56 3755 201.3 5 15
3889 146.8 52 5 72 3889 202.1 5 15
4023 148.7 82 4 107 4023 202.8 *7 22
4157 150.7 97 5 127 4157 203.6 5 15
4292 152.6 84 4 110 4292 204.4 6 19
4426 154.5 83 0 102 4426 205.1 6 19
4560 156.4 95 117 4560 205.9 7 22
4694 158.3 103 127 4694 206.7 10 31
4828 160.3 ~ 86 106 4828 207.5 6 19
4962 162.2 4 111 140 4962 208.2 6 19
5096 164.1 0 58 71 5096 209.0 5 15
5230 166.0 0 38 47 5230 209.8 3 9
5364 167.9 6 0 5 5364 210.5 1 3
5499 169.9 51 0 41 5499 211. 3
5633 171. 8 55 0 44 5633 212.1
5767 173.7 70 0 56 5767 212.8
5901 175.6 0 30 0 24 5901 213.6
6035 177.6 12 71 0 76 6035 214.4
6169 179.5 19 87 2 103
6303 181.4 0 33 119 0 148 CIC 462 1211
6437 183.3 4 83 0 121 236 Peak 11 106
6571 185.2 2 183 5 141 415 Pass 2 1
6706 187.2 7 148 0 156 373
6840 189.1 7 0 *159 7 107 359
6974 191.0 6 1 169 221 207 690
7108 192.9 *12 4 122 *332 240 777
7242 194.8 13 *11 18 1 50 *309 480
7376 196.B 2 11 0 63 281 316
7510 198-.7 1 0 0 74 195 239
7644 200.6 0 1 1 73 75 143
7778 202.5 8 1 13 118 37 193
7913 204.4 6 1 0 17 0 44 19 101
8047 206.4 0 0 48 *34 5 15 5 157
8181 208.3 *50 19 *22 11 4 161
8315 210.2 12 1 26 8 6 77
8449 212.1 7 0 19 0 8 49
8583 214.1 7 8 0 24
8717 216.0 14 6 32
8851 217.9 4 0 6
8985 219.8 0 0
CIC 244 107 509 304 308 3389 4016 8611 5477 4162
Peak 24 17 63 42 37 205 374 315 125 113
Pass 10 9 8 7 6 1 2 4 3 5
131
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 399 Arc 4.0 km Conemaugh 400 Arc 4.0 km
20 May 1971 Ref pt 099° 18 October 1 971 Ref pt 3200
0941 to 1015 EST S02. pphm 0711 to 0733 EST S02. pphm
Cum y, Dir, Traverse hei ght, m Cum y, Oir, Traverse hei ght, m
m deg 267 330 388 455 515 583 643 704 755 821 VIC m deg 305 374 435 490 548 615 674 723 VIC
o 047.1 0 0 0 304.6 0 0
134 049.1 14 25 134 306.6 2 3
268 051. 0 25 44 268 308.5 2 3
402 052.9 0 67 118 402 310.4 4 0 6
536 054.8 5 65 122 536 312.3 13 4 0 26
671 056.7 2 60 109 671 314.2 0 34 16 0 7P.
805 058.7 2 46 84 805 316.2 2 42 72 a 187
939 060.6 0 0 4 19 40 939 318.1 4 59 *67 0 0 208
1073 062.5 10 114 14 51 320 1073 320.0 6 74 113 *41 0 373
1207 064.4 15 *151 27 73 449 1207 321.9 0 2 *69 56 4 0 207
1341 066.3 1 15 27 59 173 1341 323.8 1 1 74 0 38 14 0 198
1475 068.3 4 0 0 73 77 255 1475 325.8 0 4 66 59 14 13 0 279
1609 070.2 *15 0 31 34 50 212 1609 327.7 1 *7 0 34 9r ,6 it; 0 264
1743 072.1 1~ 4 13 74 85 311 1743 329.6 0 1 1 22 3:' 1 0 98
1878 074.0 0 0 0 0 0 20 87 107 353 1878 331.5 *2 0 5 14 9< 0 5 0 ,95
2012 075.9 2 5 0 1 12 *63 78 201 603 2012 333.4 1 6 6 *136 ',4 0 266
2146 077.9 *6 1 0 2 24 17 71 *231 599 2146 335.4 1 *11 0 71 1 0 138
2280 079.8 5 *6 0 2 *72 68 50 129 551 2280 337.3 1 0 0 51 i 0 88
2414 081. 7 0 5 0 0 46 0 34 79 12 281 2414 339.2 0 0 2 40 0 0 69
2548 083.6 0 *7 0 15 33 13 27 155 0 394 2548 341.1 1 0 41 0 69
2682 085.6 2 0 0 7 0 2 27 24 *203 412 2682 343.1 0 0 0
2816 087.5 7 0 5 7 1 50 40 130 375
2950 089.4 0 0 4 30 1 61 22 105 353 CIC 25 97 86 1852 2199 1494 416
3085 091. 3 0 1 *46 9 93 8 35 311 Peak 5 12 18 85 141 133 46
3219 093.2 0 2 13 32 92 0 19 257 Pass 8 7 6 1 2 3 4
3353 095.2 0 7 27 0 106 107 394
3487 097.1 2 5 18 *153 51 367
3621 099.0 0 4 18 63 31 186
3755 100.9 0 22 12 7 68
3889 102.8 5 8 0 0 22
4023 104.8 7 18 43
4157 106.7 8 0 13
4292 108.6 7 12
4426 110.5 8 13 Conemaugh 401 Arc 10.0 km
4560 112.4 2 3 18 October 1971 Ref pt 317"
4694 114.4 0 0 0738 to 0802 EST S02, pphm
CIC 79 86 211 1347 742 831 2400 1315 5266 4911 Cum y, Dir, Traverse hei ght 1 m
Peak 11 7 21 209 54 85 161 72 216 262 m de9 299 368 423 490 550 610 674 727 VIe
Pass 10 9 8 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 .-----..-
o 313.9 0 r,
134 314.7 1 7
268 315.5 0 0
402 316.2 1 0 2
536 317.0 1 1 0 3
671 317.8 3 2 0 26
Conemau9h 402 Arc 4.0 km 805 318.5 1 0 4 23 .) 0 45
19 October 1971 Ref pt 3190 939 319.3 1 1 3 25 0 P. 0 6;
0648 to 0707 EST S02, pphm 1073 320.1 0 4 1 6 11 9 24 0 8P.
1207 320.8 2 *7 1 9 1/. 14 22 0 112
Cum y, Dlr, Traverse height, m 1341 321.6 1 2 5 12 54 27 *25 0 203
m deg 180 244 319 375 430 493 585 590 607 VIC 1475 322.4 2 3 3 19 *63 '75 19 0 300
1609 323.1 *3 1 5 2B 46 41 14 0 226
1743 323.9 3 0 7 31 25 40 2 0 179
o 295.9 0 0 0 1878 324.7 1 2 9 28 29 74 0 1 236
134 297.9 4 9 0 23 2012 325.5 2 1 9 24 35 51 0 201
268 299.8 0 12 11 45 2146 326,2 3 0 *11 36 16 33 0 16'
402 301.7 *4 11 56 0 143' 2280 327.0 3 4 *62 l' 31 185
536 303.6 1 19 0 0 36 0 111 2414 327.8 3 3 52 8 20 144
671 305.6 0 17 7 33 0 88 0 273 2548 328.5 2 1 51 3 7 108
805 307.5 12 12 58 11 122 0 396 2682 329.3 3 0 33 4 5 76
939 309.4 4 15 *89 26 *175 0 0 0 565 2816 330.1 2 17 3 0 37
1073 311.3 12 14 64 81 141 15 43 0 593 2950 330.8 0 0 1 2
1207 313.2 *11 34 55 *130 105 56 *56 0 672 3085 331. 6 2 3
1341 315.2 20 48 37 37 87 *16 27 0 443 3219 332.4 0 0
1475 317.1 6 78 11 37 66 0 0 0 357
1609 319.0 0 81 a 133 57 0 467 CIC 107 100 215 1497 13:'6 1531 408 0
1743 320.9 *74 103 32 0 357 Peak 8 7 21 79 69 77 26 0
1878 322.8 41 91 0 0 215 Pass 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4
2012 324.8 55 51 176
2146 326.7 8 25 53
2280 328.6 6 0 10
2414 330.5 0 0
ClC 32 476 1694 1243 2597 3496 312 451
Peak 7 24 89 96 135 197 62 67
Pass 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1
l"~
"'.
-------
Table 3. ( continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 403 Arc 10.0 km Conemaugh 404 Arc 16.0 km
19 October 1971 Ref pt 3160 19 October 1 971 Ref pt 3180
0713 to 0728 EST 502, pphm 0736 to 0804 EST 502, pphm
Cum y, Dir, Traverse height, m Cum y. Dir, Traverse height, m
m deg 307 373 434 494 523 547 VIC m deg 167 244 307 373 431 487 522 552 VIC
o 306.8 0 0 0 300.7 0 0
134 307.5 1 0 2 134 301.2 2 4
268 308.3 1 0 0 2 268 301. 7 1 2
402 309.1 0 5 3 0 12 402 302.2 2 4
536 309.9 1 3 5 0 13 536 302.6 4 8
671 310.6 2 6 10 0 25 671 303.1 3 6
805 311.4 10 17 10 0 58 805 303.6 2 4
939 312.2 9 15 0 39 0 87 939 304.1 3 6
1073 312.9 11 22 2 109 0 188 1073 304.6 5 10
1207 313.7 12 5 2 *144 0 0 202 1207 305.0 *7 14
1341 314.5 13 10 0 72 2 0 126 1341 305.5 5 10
1475 315.2 16 23 4 1 *8 0 80 1475 306.0 5 10
1609 316.0 12 27 7 0 0 0 78 1609 306.5 5 10
1743 316.8 10 72 29 0 185 1743 307.0 4 8
1878 317.5 8 87 22 0 196 1878 307.4 4 8
2012 318.3 10 *98 22 0 218 2012 307.9 4 8
2146 319.1 10 96 28 0 224 2146 308.4 5 10
2280 319.8 7 70 82 0 262 2280 308.9 4 8
2414 320.6 30 40 90 0 264 2414 309.4 2 4
2548 321.4 *68 20 104 0 320 2548 309.8 5 0 10
2682 322.1 11 7 *106 201 2682 310.3 4 0 8
2816 322.9 15 2 41 96 2816 310.8 2 0 4
2950 323.7 5 2 12 31 2950 311.3 *5 0 0 0 10
3085 324.5 4 2 5 18 3085 311.8 6 1 1 0 0 16
3219 325.2 0 2 1 5 3219 312.2 2 2 1 1 0 10
3353 326.0 1 1 3 3353 312.7 3 3 1 1 0 14
3487 326.8 0 1 2 3487 313.2 4 3 3 7 0 25
3621 327.5 1 2 3621 313.7 0 2 3 0 8 0 16
3755 328.3 1 2 3755 314.2 1 1 3 0 1 13 0 21
3889 329.1 1 2 3889 314.6 0 2 2 2 1 11 0 21
4023 329.8 0 0 4023 315.1 1 4 2 2 11 6 0 34
4157 315.6 0 2 2 0 4 26 16 0 58
CIC 946 2271 2013 1408 36 0 4292 316.1 1 4 2 1 16 35 *21 0 99
Peak 73 98 108 147 9 0 4426 316.6 { 5 4 1 40 69 16 0 179
Pass 6 5 4 1 3 2 4560 317.0 3 2 7 1 32 69 8 0 162
4694 317.5 1 3 *8 4 17 73 7 0 148
4828 318.0 0 4 6 8 21 100 1 0 'd4
4962 318.5 *7 5 7 32 *94 2 0 197
5096 319.0 6 6 7 *54 78 6 0 214
5230 319.4 5 *8 10 50 56 7 0 189
5364 319.9 4 5 12 44 39 0 0 150
5499 320.4 5 3 18 26 45 0 138
5633 320.9 4 3 25 33 30 0 140
5767 321.4 3 2 15 14 10 0 67
5901 321. 8 3 5 20 14 3 0 72
6035 322.3 3 5 *25 13 1 0 77
6169 322.8 3 5 7 8 2 0 40
6303 323.3 2 6 3 8 1 0 32
6437 323.8 0 5 4 11 2 0 34
6571 324.2 5 4 5 2 0 25
6706 324.7 4 4 2 1 0 18
6840 325.2 5 4 1 0 17
6974 325.7 2 3 1 10
7108 326.2 3 0 0 5
7242 326.6 0 0
CIC 383 297 437 656 1612 2683 469 0
Peak 7 8 8 27 55 104 24 0
Pass 8 7 5 5 4 1 3 2
133
-------
Table 3.
(continued)
PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 405
20 October 1 971
0953 to 1027 EST
Arc 4.0 km
Ref pt 319"
S02, pphm
Cum y, Dir, Traverse hei9ht, m 502 553 627 675 735 795 VIC
m de9 135 175 238 303 364 419
o 292.1 0 0 0
134 294.0 0 5 1 0 10
268 295.9 3 13 1 3 0 31
402 297.9 8 7 1 1 7 33
536 299.8 14 0 0 2 0 11 0 11 54
671 301. 7 9 6 1 3 6 15 3 19 96
805 303.6 6 22 7 3 9 11 4 0 20 132
939 305.6 13 0 *27 2 5 6 *20 1 2 *26 160
1073 307.5 13 7 25 1 *14 5 11 0 4 18 0 151
1207 309.4 *15 18 9 2 0 6 8 0 3 27 8 141
1341 311.3 3 *22 3 8 0- 5 4 2 6 10 10 112
1475 313.2 4 23 5 23 1 4 0 *7 4 4 10 132
1609 315.2 0 21 0 *28 4 3 9 3 3 7 123
1743 317.1 15 19 2 5 7 3 2 2 0 87
1878 319.0 7 11 7 5 2 4 4 1 *3 70
2012 320.9 0 14 2 2 1 9 3 9 0 65
2146 322.8 9 0 0 0 *25 2 11 76
2280 324.8 11 0 3 26 0 *15 90
2414 326.7 0 1 2 23 11 60
2548 328.6 3 0 4 *13 33
2682 330.5 7 10 0 29
2816 332.4 -19 0 35
2950 334.4 3 6
3085 336.3 0 0
CIC 315 405 347 487 244 330 301 147 451 559 347 11
Peak 19 25 29 30 19 20 22 11 29 33 15 5
Pass 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4
Conemau9h 406 Arc 4.0 km Conemau9h 407 Arc 4.0 km
21 October 1971 Ref pt 359" 22 October 1971 Ref pt 359"
0650 to 0703 EST S02' pphm 0643 to 0703 EST S02' pphm
Cum y, 01r, Traverse hei9ht, m Cum y, Dir, Traverse hei 9ht, m
m de9 371 433 496 559 625 683 VIC m de9 245 326 381 448 506 578 624 680 751 VIC
o 349.4 0 0 0 328.3 0 0
134 351. 3 0 14 24 134 330.2 4 6
268 353.2' 0 8 15 38 268 332.1 9 14
402 355.2 *1 0 20 0 35 402 334.0 14 22
536 357.1 1 9 *27 2 65 536 335.9 0 9 14
671 359.0 0 18 S 13 0 61 671 337.9 0 20 29 79
805 000.9 *15 0 67 0 140 805 339.8 I 16 45 0 99
939 002.8 1 156 0 270 939 341.7 2 *22 0 *54 5 134
1073 004.8 5 180 0 318 1073 343.6 6 0 27 2 48 11 153
1207 006.7 4 *231 0 405 1207 345.6 *5 2 14 5 43 1 114
1341 008.6 0 123 0 212 1341 347.5 4 4 15 *14 37 8 135
1475 010.5 1 0 0 2 1475 349.4 2 19 16 6 21 0 12 125
1609 012.4 7 0 12 1609 351. 3 0 2 *24 4 7 25 5 6 118
1743 014.4 14 0 0 23 1743 353.2 *1 1 21 2 18 15 *53 32 222
1878 016.3 5 2 0 12 1878 355.2 2 0 16 0 19 4 16 *60 0 192
2012 018.2 0 *13 0 22 2012 357.1 7 14 0 39 13 *1 115
2146 020.1 0 0 0 2146 359.0 1 5 9 41 1 I 85
2280 000.9 0 0 8 19 4 0 47
CIC 7 312 290 2763 54 0 2414 002.8 0 37 2 54
Peak 5 27 35 233 21 0 2548 004.8 14 0 19
Pass 6 5 I 2 3 4 2682 006.7 36 49
2816 008.6 37 50
2950 010.5 29 40
3085 012.4 11 15
3219 014.4 4 5
3353 016.3 4 5
3487 018.2 2 3
3621 020.1 0 0
CIC 18 82 351 487 365 1279 1243 555
Peak 5 12 32 31 20 63 55 67
Pass 9 8 7 6 1 2 3 4
134
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemau9h 408 Arc 10.0 km Conemau9h 409 Arc 4.0 km
22 October 1971 Ref pt 360' (arbitrary) 2 November 1971 Ref pt 053'
0709 to 0754 EST S02. pphm 0716 to 0722 EST S02. pphm
Cum y, Dir, Traverse hei 9ht. m Cum y. Dir. Traverse he; ght, m
m de9 258 318 378 450 498 564 622 683 734 793 844 VIC m de9 209 256 336 382 437 VIC
o 348.5 0 0 0 039.6 0 0
134 349.2 1 0 2 134 041.5 0 7 9
268 350.0 3 1 0 7 268 043.4 5 5 15
402 350.8 5 1 2 13 402 045.3 "6 8 21
536 351.5 6 3 10 30 536 047.2 4 "13 24
671 352.3 6 4 6 26 671 049.2 0 5 7
805 353.1 7 10 10 44 805 051.1 0 0 0
939 353.9 6 0 "18 13 61 939 053.0 0 4 6
1073 354.6 4 1 17 7 49 1073 054.9 0 "8 5 21
'207 355.4 3 6 11 0 7 44 1207 056.8 "5 7 "12 36
1341 356.2 2 11 13 1 16 0 70 1341 058.8 0 5 6 17
1475 356.9 1 12 7 0 11 1 51 1475 060.7 0 0 0
1609 357.7 0 "12 3 1 13 1 47
1743 358.5 0 11 2 1 21 2 58 CIC 18 54 72 136 97
1878 359.2 1 10 4 0 20 0 6 65 Peak 6 7 11 19 15
2012 360.0 3 5 1 6 18 2 16 80 Pass 5 4 3 2 1
2146 000.8 5 5 1 16 "27 1 15 110
2280 001. 5 7 6 0 32 24 1 7 121
2414 002.3 9 2 0 "44 10 10 7 131
2548 003.1 "10 1 0 41 12 20 16 160
2682 003.8 10 0 2 24 11 19 21 139
2816 004.6 8 0 3 17 7 18 22 120
2950 005.4 5 1 7 4 3 20 23 0 102
3085 006.1 3 1 7 2 2 "21 "24 1 99
3219 006.9 2 2 11 1 3 16 18 2 90
3353 007.7 1 5 11 0 4 14 14 7 91
3487 008.5 1 7 7 1 6 9 5 "17 84
3621 009.2 2 10 6 3 7 8 3 0 14 84
3755 010.0 1 13 5 9 7 10 5 2 7 94
3889 010.8 0 11 4 12 6 14 5 3 2 92
4023 011.5 8 3 12 11 10 2 "13 2 0 96
4157 012.3 6 1 14 4 5 1 10 2 1 "0 69
4292 013.1 5 0 7 1 4 0 2 1 "14 0 52
4426 013.8 3 1 4 0 3 2 0 1 10 37
4560 014.6 2 1 3 2 4 0 0 6 28
4694 015.4 2 0 2 1 6 0 4 23
4828 016.1 2 2 3 1 0 2 16
4962 016.9 3 1 4 0 0 0 13
5096 017.7 1 1 4 0 10
5230 018.4 0 1 3 1 8
5364 019.2 0 4 1 8
5499 020.0 7 1 13
5633 020.7 4 1 8
5767 021.5 1 0 2
5901 022.3 2 3
6035 023.1 3 5
6169 023.8 1 2
6303 024.6 0 0
CIC 401 587 591 939 1071 874 813 122 201 133
Peak 11 14 20 46 28 22 26 15 19 18
Pass 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6
135
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
ConemaU9h 410 Arc 4.0 km
3 November 1971 Ref pt 073'
0917 to 0954 EST 502. pphm
Cum y, Dirl Traverse height, m 492 554 610 670 722 787 842 VIC
m de9 123 182 257 322 382 438
0 044.2 0 0
134 046.1 0 2 3
268 048.0 1 2 5
402 049.9 1 0 6 11
536 051.9 0 1 5 9
671 053.8 0 2 7 14
805 055.7 1 4 13 28
939 057.6 1 10 0 10 33
1073 059.6 1 13 1 5 0 32
1207 061. 5 0 1 11 2 3 0 0 28
1341 063.4 0 2 7 2 2 10 2 0 41
1475 065.3 1 16 15 3 4 9 1 0 0 0 84
1609 067.2 12 9 15 5 6 13 1 2 1 0 106
1743 069.2 3 *47 3 *70 9 14 1 2 1 0 251
1878 071.1 7 1 7 7 6 23 1 2 0 4 0 92
2012 073.0 3 8 15 0 4 *43 2 5 7 *12 0 157
2146 074.9 *15 3 66 48 3 0 22 26 0 0 0 305
2280 076.8 13 0 *68 *34 2 0 28 0 42 1 0 312
2414 078.8 0 20 7 2 15 39 1 62 1 0 232
2548 080.7 5 4 1 31 43 1 142 1 0 348
2682 082.6 0 0 1 37 *192 2 205 12 0 690
2816 084.5 1 31 87 10 174 *200 0 775
2950 086.4 0 20 2 8 *234 42 462
3085 088.4 *55 25 8 186 6 425
3219 090.3 10 0 62 192 0 399
3353 092.2 11 89 2 158
3487 094.1 4 *206 0 325
3621 096.1 3 54 88
3755 098.0 3 10 20
3889 099.9 0 22 34
4023 101.8 4 6
4157 103.7 0 0
CIC 193 308 813 459 455 627 817 1608 1709 4556 942 64
Peak 17 58 77 73 101 47 56 202 219 234 201 32
Pass 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6
ConemaU9h 411 Arc 4.0 km
4 November 1971 Ref pt 100'
0727 to 0748 EST S02. pphm
Cum y, Dir, Traverse he; ght I m
m de9 209 250 328 380 447 500 568 625 675 720 218 VIC
o 080.8 0 0 0 0
134 082.7 0 2 8 3 20
268 084.6 1 0 5 30 5 62
402 086.6 *5 1 8 58 11 126
536 088.5 1 6 *61 *91 41 318
671 090.4 6 *26 0 48 83 *132 499
805 092.3 6 0 21 2 4 0 3 63 177
939 094.2 0 4 *22 7 25 0 2 0 0 0 99
1073 096.2 *1 2 11 0 31 17 4 0 107
1207 098.1 1 0 15 *33 26 15 *2 148
1341 100.0 2 2 44 *194 *35 2 447
1475 101.9 2 0 9 15 39 0 90
1609 103.8 1 8 0 7 23
1743 105.8 1 3 0 6
1878 107.7 0 0 0
CIC 29 90 179 219 555 459 910 978 358 913 14
Peak 4 8 22 31 51 109 233 121 52 158 8
Pass 11 10 9 8 7 6 1 2 3 4 5
136
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 412 Arc 4.0 km Conemaugh 414 (continued)
5 November 1971 Ref pt 0540
0738 to 0751 E5T 502, pphm Cum y, 01r, Traverse height, m
m deg 320 391 445 550 564 620 687 740 800 VIC
Cum y, 01r, Traverse height, m
m deg 380 410 438 497 568 590 627 VIC
1341 021. 3 *17 32
1475 021.8 12 23
o 032.9 0 0 1609 022.3 13 25
134 034.8 93 107 1743 022.8 13 25
268 036.7 0 163 0 187 1878 023.3 14 27
402 038.6 6 *136 0 0 161 2012 023.7 17 32
536 040.6 *19 74 4 0 0 0 107 2146 024.2 15 28
671 042.5 11 0 4 8 46 0 61 2280 024.7 7 13
805 044.4 0 4 60 *6 0 85 2414 025.2 10 19
939 046.3 0 30 39 2 0 102 2548 025.7 10 19
1073 048.2 *5 93 *76 14 0 270 2682 026.1 9 17
1207 050.2 0 166 11 0 0 302 2816 026.6 7 13
1341 052.1 *253 0 0 439 2950 027.1 8 15
1475 054.0 149 259 3085 027.6 -10 19
1609 055.9 99 172 3219 028.1 9 17
1743 057.8 0 0 3353 028.5 8 15
3487 029.0 9 17
CIC 18 129 1669 2873 695 244 3621 029.5 8 15
Peak 6 25 205 253 93 114 3755 030.0 5 9
Pass 6 7 5 4 1 3 3889 030.5 3 6
4023 030.9 5 9
4157 031. 4 5 9
4292 031. 9 8 0 15
4426 032.4 4 1 9
4560 032.9 2 5 0 12
Conemaugh 413 Arc 10.0 km 4694 033.3 2 8 2 20
5 November 1971 Ref pt 0560 4828 033.8 1 11 3 25
0758 to 0813 EST 502, pphm 4962 034.3 2 14 2 30
5096 034.8 0 16 2 30
Cum y, Dir, Traverse height, m 5230 035.3 10 2 19
m de9 438 462 503 559 620 VIC 5364 035.8 17 3 33
5499 036.2 *32 7 64
5633 036.7 12 9 33
o 040.6 0 0 5767 037.2 3 8 17
134 041.4 1 1 5901 037.7 1 10 16
268 042.2 1 1 6035 038.2 0 9 13
402 042.9 1 0 1 6169 038.6 9 13
536 043.7 4 0 3 7 6303 039.1 8 12
671 044.5 *7 1 4 12 6437 039.6 5 7
805 045.2 1 4 4 10 6571 040.1 6 9
939 046.0 0 10 6 18 6706 040.6 10 15
1073 046.8 22 10 34 6840 041.0 11 16
1207 047.5 *40 0 21 67 6974 041. 5 12 ;7
1341 048.3 39 1 14 56 7108 042.0 16 23
1475 049.1 28 5 27 72 7242 042.5 13 0 19
1609 049.9 12 15 39 90 7376 043.0 14 1 22
1743 050.6 22 22 49 123 7510 043.4 19 1 29
1878 051.4 20 *156 87 352 7644 043.9 *19 2 31
2012 052.2 12 98 139 351 7778 044.4 6 6 18
2146 052.9 15 14 *231 389 7913 044.9 4 10 22
2280 053.7 14 5 222 362 8047 045.4 2 8 16
2414 054.5 4 5 129 210 8181 045.8 3 7 15
2548 055.2 1 5 35 61 8315 046.3 2 14 25
2682 056.0 2 2 1 6 8449 046.8 1 16 27
2816 056.8 1 1 3 7 8583 047.3 1 18 30
2950 057.5 1 0 2 4 8717 047.8 0 30 48
3085 058.3 0 3 0 5 8851 048.2 43 68
3219 059.1 3 *7 16 8986 048.7 51 80
3353 059.8 1 3 6 9120 049.2 *91 143
3487 060.6 2 0 3 9254 049.7 42 66
3621 061.4 0 1 2 9388 050.2 23 36
3755 062.1 1 2 9522 050.6 24 38
3889 062.9 0 0 9656 051.1 7 11
9790 051.6 1 0 2
CIC 54 888 1179 3708 43 9924 052.1 2 3 0 0 8
Peak 12 48 157 231 8 10058 052.6 2 0 2 0 6
Pass 4 5 1 2 3 10193 053.0 10 2 8 0 32
10327 053.5 3 4 *28 0 57
10461 054.0 6 34 23 0 ~01
10595 054.5 1 *118 7 0 202
10729 055.0 1 70 3 0 0 119
Conemau9h 414 Arc 16.0 km 10863 055.4 0 66 0 1 0 107
5 November 1971 Ref pt 0540 10997 055.9 40 0 1 0 66
0817 to 0850 EST S02, pphm 11131 056.4 62 3 4 0 ;10
11265 056.9 68 1 *10 0 126
Cum y, Dir. Traverse he19ht, m 11400 057.4 18 3 0 3 0 38
m de9 320 391 445 500 564 620 687 740 800 VIC 11534 057.8 33 9 1 2 0 72
11668 058.3 51 0 4 2 0 91
11802 058.8 15 *10 4 0 46
o 016.5 0 0 11936 059.3 12 11 2 0 40
134 017.0 4 8 12070 059.8 10 4 1 0 24
268 017.5 3 6 12204 060.2 12 2 0 0 22
402 018.0 5 9 12338 060.7 4 1 0 8
536 018.5 5 9 12472 061.2 3 0 5
671 018.9 6 11 12607 061. 7 0 0
805 019.4 12 23
939 019.9 7 13 CIC 1071 466 781 1504 2239 312 118 107 0
1073 020.4 8 15 Peak 19 33 21 92 130 31 13 18 0
1207 020.9 16 30 Pass 9 8 7 1 2 3 4 5 6
137
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 415 Arc 4.0 km Conemaugh 416 Arc 10.0 km
6 November 1971 Ref pt 0380 6 November 1971 Ref pt 0310
0714 to 0728 E5T S02. pphm 0733 to 0802 EST S02. pphm
Cum y, Dirt Traverse height, m Cum Y. Dirt Traverse hei 9ht, m
m deg 322 389 443 510 567 630 657 684 VIC m deg 256 322 386 449 508 568 630 685 737 VIC
o 024.6 0 0 0 0 016.4 0 0
134 026.5 1 *48 79 134 017.2 2 0 4
268 028.4 *1 0 12 0 21 268 017.9 2 2 7
402 030.3 0 20 0 0 *77 0 155 402 018.7 0 6 10
536 032.2 *25 20 30 0 121 536 019.5 5 5 17
671 034.2 41 73 25 0 227 671 020.2 8 3 19
805 036.1 0 112 0 0 0 185 805 021.0 6 2 14
939 038.0 162 24 .0 297 939 021.8 5 3 0 ~ 4
1073 039.9 *276 *209 0 0 708 1073 022.5 8 7 7 38
1207 041.8 14 110 *77 0 211 1207 023.3 12 8 15 59
1341 043.8 0 0 0 0 0 1341 024.1 12 14 25 86
1475 024.9 9 *21 0 38 ~ 14
CIC 7 308 215 2353 473 1229 276 0 1609 025.6 6 13 1 43 0 105
Peak 9 55 103 283 122 224 77 0 1743 026.4 9 18 1 *44 1 122
Pass 8 7 6 1 2 3 5 4 1878 027.2 8 12 14 42 0 127
2012 027.9 *11 4 *33 23 14 0 141
2146 028.7 13 2 25 26 23 6 156
2280 029.5 4 2 24 15 39 16 162
Conemaugh 417 Arc 16.0 km 2414 030.2 2 1 16 24 52 0 6 163
6 November 1971 Ref pt 0280 2548 031.0 2 1 13 25 47 6 5 159
0825 to 0857 EST S02' pphm 2682 031. 8 0 2 14 14 *42 15 9 154
2816 032.5 0 20 9 26 21 *68 229
Cum Y. Oir, Traverse height. m 2950 033.3 21 3 14 39 51 205
m deg 391 449 510 569 639 687 748 801 VIC 3085 034.1 5 1 18 21 49 149
3219 034.8 3 0 15 54 41 ,30
3353 035.6 2 20 72 40 J 214
o 018.4 0 0 3487 036.4 2 14 *70 24 35 226
134 018.9 1 2 3621 037.1 0 5 68 32 34 216
268 019.4 1 2 3755 037.9 3 42 28 37 169
402 019.8 2 3 3889 038.7 1 15 ,22 34 0 108
536 020.3 *8 12 4023 039.5 0 0 14 38 1 77
671 020.8 1 2 4157 040.2 7 *43 *4 77
805 021. 3 3 5 4292 041.0 13 28 0 60
939 021.8 3 0 5 4426 041.8 9 19 0 41
1073 022.2 3 0 2 8 4560 042.5 6 12 0 26
1207 022.7 1 3 7 17 4694 043.3 6 2 0 12
1341 023.2 2 4 7 21 4828 044.1 0 0 0 0
1475 023.7 1 7 5 21 4962 044.8 0 0
1609 024.2 1 1 4 10 5096 045.6 1 1
1743 024.6 1 1 7 14 5230 046.4 0 0
1878 025.1 1 0 11 19 5364 047.1 1 1
2012 025.6 1 1 13 24 5499 047.9 1 1
2146 026.1 0 3 15 0 29 5633 048.7 1 1
2280 026.6 6 15 1 35 5767 049.4 0 0
2414 027.0 7 15 2 38
2548 027.5 7 13 0 1 33 CIC 444 451 695 1268 1196 15151619 1010 32
2682 028.0 2 18 5 2 44 Peak 15 21 34 49 70 79 70 44 9
2816 028.5 9 *20 23 6 0 95 Pass 9 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4
2950 029.0 *15 7 35 5 0 1 104
3085 029.4 11 9 34 6 2 1 104
3219 029.9 3 4 30 12 0 3 86
3353 030.4 2 0 32 26 0 1 100
3487 030.9 2 33 38 1 1 122
3621 031. 4 1 *31 38 3 1 120
3755 031.8 0 25 *54 3 1 134
3889 032.3 26 47 17 5 151
4023 032.8 18 49 23 2 144
4157 033.3 16 39 *41 8 0 160 Conemaugh 418 Arc 4.0 km
4292 033.8 21 42 32 3 1 154 6 November 1971 Ret pt 0380
4426 034.2 19 36 7 4 1 107 1121 to 1140 EST S02. pphm
4560 034.7 8 27 12 9 2 90
4694 035.2 10 15 21 18 0 98 Cum Y. Dir. Traverse hei ght. m
4828 035.7 10 7 21 16 0 83 m deg 264 330 390 447 510 565 630 685 748 VIC
4962 036.2 7 3 31 11 0 78
5096 036.6 2 5 32 10 0 73
5230 037.1 2 2 32 21 0 85 0 030.3 0 0
5364 037.6 1 2 25 19 6 78 134 032.2 0 32 0 51
5499 038.1 1 2 20 *27 9 88 268 034.2 5 0 *216 0 355
5633 038.6 0 2 20 12 6 59 402 036.1 *4 *66 0 156 0 0 362
5767 039.0 2 29 8 2 60 536 038.0 1 0 6 6 11 6 0 48
5901 039.5 0 18 8 *11 54 671 039.9 2 7 27 0 0 98 0 212
6035 040.0 11 9 9 42 805 041. 8 0 11 0 42 0 *103 0 246
6169 040.5 9 10 4 34 939 043.8 0 11 38 *146 0 0 311
6303 041.0 6 8 1 22 1073 045.7 *4 *75 *86 28 0 304
6437 041.4 4 3 2 13 1207 047.6 5 0 25 19 0 79
6571 041.9 9 10 0 28 1341 049.5 0 0 0 0
6706 042.4 9 1 15
6840 042.9 3 0 4 CIC 32 43 373 355 706 1487 691 742 0
6974 043.4 6 9 Peak 8 11 88 67 100 249 153 126 0
7108 043.8 7 10 Pass 9 8 7 6 1 2 3 4 5
7242 044.3 7 10
7376 044.8 2 3
7510 045.3 1 1
7644 045.8 0 0
CIC 107 304 616 1393 1687 1662 827 193
Peak 9 16 20 35 56 43 29 13
Pass 8 7 6 1 2 3 4 5
138
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
ConemaU9h 419 Arc 4.0 km Conemau9h 421 Arc 16.0 km
9 November 1971 Ref pt 3510 9 November 1971 Ref pt 3590
0724 to 0744 EST 502. pphm 0850 to 0910 EST 502. pphm
Cum y, Dir, Traverse hei9ht. m Cum Y. Dirt Traverse hei 9ht. m
m de9 314 375 435 495 562 623 682 735 758 791 VIC m de9 316 447 560 690 VIC
o 333.7 0 0 0 342.2 0
134 335.6 8 0 13 134 342.7 1
268 337.6 8 4 0 20 268 343.2 0
402 339.5 0 5 34 32 114 402 343.6 2
536 341.4 6 14 63 0 44 206 536 344.1 1
671 343.3 4 *27 61 8 58 0 254 671 344.6 1
805 345.2 2 0 6 *72 47 *37 8 275 805 345.1 3 10
939 347.2 *8 7 4 28 83 18 5 244 939 345.6 2 7
1073 349.1 0 *14 0 0 4 81 9 19 192 1073 346.0 3 10
1207 351.0 6 5 0 *105 14 52 0 260 1207 346.5 3 10
1341 35?9 9 37 47 0 *65 0 218 1341 347.0 3 0 10
1475 354.8 2 46 37 13 0 154 1475 347.5 4 7 37
1609 356.8 0 *52 11 31 0 0 137 1609 348.0 4 15 63
1743 358.7 52 5 12 *22 0 125 1743 348.4 4 5 30
1878 000.6 53 0 0 13 0 100 1878 348.9 4 5 30
2012 002.5 21 2 0 37 2012 349.4 5 4 30
2146 004.4 0 0 0 0 2146 349.9 5 5 34
2280 006.4 5 0 4 2280 350.4 6 3 31
2414 008.3 0 0 0 2414 350.8 *6 2 28
2548 351. 3 5 6 0 37
CIC 72 136 258 953 953 1519 759 734 150 2682 351.8 4 11 0 50
Peak 15 20 32 61 89 112 63 96 32 2816 352.3 6 5 0 37
Pass 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 7 2950 352.8 5 4 0 30
3085 353.2 3 3 0 0 20
3219 353.7 2 4 1 0 ,3
3353 354.2 2 5 5 0 40
3487 354.7 1 2 18 0 68
3621 355.2 0 11 2 0 42
3755 355.6 13 5 0 58
3889 356.1 12 24 0 117
4023 356.6 8 18 0 84
4157 357.1 9 12 0 68
4292 357.6 11 13 0 78
4426 358.0 9 15 0 78
4560 358.5 9 29 0 123
4694 359.0 4 36 0 130
4828 359.5 2 58 0 195
4962 360.0 2 *75 0 249
5096 000.4 1 47 0 156
5230 000.9 2 21 0 75
5364 001.4 1 11 a 39
5499 001. 9 4 2 0 19
5633 002.4 3 a 0 10
5767 002.8 1 0 3
5901 003.3 2 0
6035 003.8 2 0 6
6169 004.3 *13 0 42
6303 004.8 15 49
6437 005.2 3 10
6571 005.7 0 0
CIC 304 799 1404
Peak 7 18 78
Pass 4 3 1
Conemau9h 420 Arc 10.0 km
9 November 1971 Ref pt 347'
0749 to 0816 EST 502. pphm
Cum Y. Dir. Traverse height, m
m de9 310 375 435 495 560 615 679 735 VIC
o 343.9 0 0
134 344.7 2 0 3
268 345.5 12 3 0 25
402 346.2 *24 14 4 69
536 347.0 16 19 0 58
671 347.8 10 8 1 31
805 348.5 0 7 0 24 7 63
939 349.3 4 4 2 33 18 100
1073 350.1 5 4 26 38 44 190
1207 350.8 *8 0 *28 *38 47 197
1341 351.6 9 29 21 54 183
1475 352.4 6 24 16 51 157
1609 353.1 3 15 14 46 126
1743 353.9 2 8 18 31 96
1878 354.7 2 8 17 19 75
2012 355.5 0 7 7 28 0 68
2146 356.2 10 4 33 2 79
2280 357.0 4 2 38 16 96
2414 357.8 3 1 54 14 115
2548 358.5 3 2 58 *20 133
2682 359.3 3 1 *84 15 165
2816 000.1 2 0 27 21 80
2950 000.8 0 14 15 46
3085 001. 6 0 11 17
3219 002.4 6 9
3353 003.1 0 0
3487 003.9 0 0
3621 004.7 1 1
3755 005.4 0 2 3
3889 006.2 2 *2 6
4023 007.0 0 2 3
4157 007.7 2 1 5
4292 008.5 5 0 8
4426 009.3 11 18
4560 010.1 8 13
4694 010.8 11 18
4828 011.6 *12 19
4962 012.4 5 8
5096 013.1 3 5
5230 013.9 3 5
5364 014.7 1 2
5499 015.4 2 3
5633 016.2 2 3
5767 017.0 0 0
CIC 140 283 616 1003 2357 430 240 29
Peak 10 24 34 41 86 25 13 3
Pass 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4
139
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
ConemaU9h 422 Arc 4.0 km
9 November 1971 Ref pt 0210
11 09 to 1158 EST S02, pphm
Cum y, Dir, Traverse he; ght t m 746 807 873 912 983 1045 1103 1179 VIC
m de9 253 323 380 448 513 563 633 693
o 350.3 0 0
134 352.2 1 2
268 354.1 0 0
402 356.0 0 0
536 357.9 6 10
671 359.9 2 3
805 001.8 0 0
939 003.7 0 0
1073 005.6 0 1 2
1207 007.6 0 5 16 34
1341 009.5 1 22 9 0 50
1475 011.4 0 3 14 8 3 44
1609 013.3 0 1 2 34 0 2 2 62
1743 015.2 1 1 5 0 53 4 1 0 98
1878 017.2 1 0 5 3 1 *47 2 2 0 1 0 94
2012 019.1 0 2 7 11 1 36 7 1 6 3 1 114
2146 021.0 2 8 6 *22 4 36 8 2 12 8 0 166
2280 022.9 2 6 0 10 7 2 23 29 6 20 5 5 176
2414 024.8 0 4 1 7 5 11 20 30 5 17 6 1 164
2548 026.8 1 0 7 1 9 14 15 0 10 9 36 6 0 167
2682 028.7 1 1 *4 1 11 1 *14 8 14 7 12 0 118
2816 030.6 0 3 0 1 11 0 6 9 14 8 18 1 11l
2950 032.5 1 *4 1 *23 0 5 22 *25 8 36 0 194
3085 034.4 2 0 3 38 2 3 25 1 12 78 0 0 246
3219 036.4 *3 1 5 6 0 4 17 0 8 44 0 4 0 140
3353 038.3 1 1 6 16 1 43 33 *99 0 15 0 321
3487 040.2 0 4 5 0 0 52 171 7 1 10 0 360
3621 042.1 1 *5 46 142 0 0 5 0 286
3755 044.1 0 1 58 *225 *75 5 0 0 543
3889 046.0 1 1 *98 46 110 14 90 0 594
4023 047.9 0 0 23 8 35 84 *85 0 395
4157 049.8 2 0 0 7 *103 94 0 349
4292 051. 7 0 0 20 36 0 96
4426 053.7 1 0 0 0 2
4560 055.6 0 0 0
CIC 54 68 III III 541 272 240 1039 1759 448 2719 1175 845 931 1093 0
Peak 4 6 14 14 50 24 19 58 107 28 232 108 115 104 115 0
Pass 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Conemau9h 423 Arc 4.0 km Conemau9h 424 Arc 10.0 km
12 November 1971 Ref pt 0740 12 November 1971 Ref pt 0780
0718 to 0734 EST 502, pphm 0749 to 0805 EST S02, pphm
Cum y, Dir, Traverse he; ght, m Cum y, Dir, Traverse he; ght I m
m de9 416 444 504 570 628 685 704 736 VIC m de9 490 566 620 680 729 796 VIC
o 058.6 0 0 0 0 065.7 0 0
134 060.6 0 *13 15 134 066.5 1 0 0 2
268 062.5 0 9 11 268 067.2 0 4 10 22
402 064.4 0 0 0 0 402 068.0 3 1 86 139
536 066.3 0 107 177 536 068.8 4 2 25 50
671 068.2 0 112 185 671 069.5 5 0 23 45
805 070.2 0 0 *179 0 296 805 070.3 *5 2 52 0 93
939 072.1 0 17 96 *229 0 420 939 071.1 3 3 48 2 0 87
1073 074.0 0 *34 14 0 112 0 194 1073 071. 9 0 3 *88 0 0 139
1207 075.9 0 0 71 32 0 141 1207 072.6 3 24 3 0 46
1341 077.8 229 0 0 349 1341 073.4 *9 1 1 0 ;9
1475 079.8 *288 *0 0 438 1475 074.2 4 2 2 0 0 13
1609 081.7 71 27 0 126 1609 074.9 2 1 14 1 0 27
1743 083.6 228 0 0 347 1743 075.7 1 1 82 6 0 131
1878 085.5 0 0 0 1878 076.5 0 0 133 4 0 198
2012 077.2 173 3 0 254
CIC 0 79 183 1820 3177 1336 97 0 2146 078.0 178 16 0 282
Peak 0 28 39 294 332 301 126 0 2280 078.8 *163 *37 0 292
Pass 8 7 1 2 3 4 6 5 2414 079.5 89 6 0 138
2548 080.3 57 0 0 82
2682 081.1 10 0 ~ <;
2816 081. 8 6 0 9
2950 082.6 3 0 4
3085 083.4 3 4
3219 084.1 1 1
3353 084.9 1
3487 085.7 2
3621 086.5 2
3755 087.2 0
CIC 75 122 1293 3313 261
Peak 7 11 93 195 39
Pass 6 1 2 3 4
140
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 425 Arc 16.0 km Conemaugh 426 Arc 4.0 km
12 November 1971 Ref pt 0660 13 November 1971 Ref pt 0970
0810 to 0835 EST SD2, pphm 0708 to 0734 EST 502. pphm
Cum y, Dir, Traverse height, m Cum y, Oir. Traverse hei 9ht. m
m deg 496 563 616 678 736 765 VIC m deg 250 319 375 431 495 560 615 675 734 788 853 913 VIC
o 058.3 0 0 0 070.1 0 0
134 058.8 2 4 134 072.0 7 11
268 059.3 4 0 7 268 073.9 0 0
402 059.8 4 1 9 402 075.9 4 0 6
536 060.2 5 1 11 536 077.8 6 1 11
671 060.7 3 0 5 671 079.7 0 0 7 2 14
805 061.2 6 1 0 12 805 081.6 5 5 7 27 70
939 061.7 9 1 2 21 939 083.6 4 12 33 31 127
1073 062.2 10 1 3 24 1073 085.5 17 13 *55 39 197
1207 062.6 13 1 1 26 1207 087.4 0 *14 0 4 9 0 37 102
1341 063.1 15 2 2 33 1341 089.3 *4 0 1 4 22 11 1 *39 131
1475 063.6 15 2 6 39 1475 091.2 1 4 0 0 15 17 0 11 4 32 133
1609 064.1 18 2 6 0 45 1609 093.2 0 *4 *53 8 42 *48 1 0 12 22 306
1743 064.6 *27 3 4 1 61 1743 095.1 1 0 2 0 34 2 *58 0 *37 2 21 7 259
1878 065.0 13 3 10 1 45 1878 097.0 0 2 2 1 9 0 17 18 52 *54 9 262
2012 065.5 13 2 23 1 63 2012 098.9 *6 0 5 13 50 28 24 21 14 253
2146 066.0 15 3 28 2 77 2146 100.8 1 12 9 4 17 0 18 0 98
2280 066.5 16 5 49 4 118 2280 102.8 0 *35 0 18 13 38 166
2414 067.0 14 4 34 3 0 88 2414 104.7 14 4 1 12 50
2548 067.4 21 5 39 5 1 114 2548 106.6 0 0 0 1 2
2682 067.9 9 6 54 3 1 114 2682 108.5 2 0 3
2816 068.4 11 11 46 2 1 III 2816 110.4 0 0
2950 068.9 3 15 55 11 1 132
3085 069.4 3 18 *95 5 1 188 CIC 21 32 43 247 423 183 759 433 412 817 652 931
3219 069.8 1 21 30 22 0 *1 117 Peak 6 9 25 37 67 22 64 57 42 58 84 48
3353 070.3 0 23 24 5 1 1 83 Pass 12 11 10 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3487 070.8 1 22 54 3 1 1 126
3621 071.3 0 30 34 30 1 0 149
3755 071.8 38 42 49 1 205
3889 072.2 17 28 6 3 83
4023 072.7 30 14 12 8 98
4157 073.2 28 15 55 *11 168
4292 073.7 *86 22 *65 3 279
4426 074.2 58 1 44 0 165
4560 074.6 34 1 6 66
4694 075.1 25 1 9 56
4828 075.6 21 1 25 75
4962 076.1 26 1 36 101
5096 076.6 14 0 24 61
5230 077.0 37 17 87
5364 077.5 9 4 21
5499 078.0 4 1 8
5633 078.5 10 3 21
5767 079.0 6 0 10
5901 079.4 3 1 6
6035 079.9 2 2 6
6169 080.4 3 1 6
6303 080.9 2 1 5
6437 081. 4 2 1 5
6571 081. 8 2 0 3
6706 082.3 2 3
6840 082.8 0 0
CIC 899 2300 2597 1648 104 29
Peak 27 149 115 79 15 2
Pass 6 1 2 3 4 5
141
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conema U9h 427 Arc 10.0 km
13 November 1971 Ref pt 1010
0739 to 0828 EST 502. pphm
Cum Yt Dir, Traverse he1 9ht. m 785 846 VIC
m de9 375 435 490 548 609 670 728
0 063.3 0 0
134 064.1 1 2
268 064.9 0 0 1 2
402 065.7 2 1 1 6
536 066.4 2 1 1 6
671 067.2 2 1 1 6
805 068.0 3 1 1 8
939 068.7 3 1 1 8
1073 069.5 2 2 1 8
1207 070.3 2 1 1 6
1341 071.0 4 2 1 11
1475 071. 8 4 4 1 14
1609 072.6 5 *3 0 12
1743 073.3 3 2 1 9
1878 074.1 5 4 1 16
2012 074.9 0 12 2 1 23
2146 075.6 4 7 0 0 17
2280 076.4 6 0 12 1 1 31
2414 077.2 8 3 5 0 1 26
2548 077.9 7 4 5 0 1 26
2682 078.7 8 0 3 4 1 1 26
2816 079.5 6 1 3 0 4 1 *2 26
2950 080.3 6 3 7 1 4 2 *1 37
3085 081.0 6 3 0 12 1 6 0 1 46
3219 081.8 3 5 2 9 1 4 1 39
3353 082.6 2 6 3 15 5 3 1 55
3487 083.3 3 8 3 11 6 3 0 53
3621 084.1 3 6 2 12 4 2 46
3755 084.9 3 10 4 12 5 2 56
3889 085.6 3 11 3 10 1 3 48
4023 086.4 2 14 4 7 1 2 46
4157 087.2 3 6 6 4 0 2 33
4292 087.9 3 5 6 3 2 5 37
4426 088.7 4 3 6 3 0 *16 49
4560 089.5 3 10 5 3 0 3 37
4694 090.2 4 13 5 3 8 1 52
4828 091. 0 6 14 3 3 1 0 41
4962 091.8 11 19 3 6 1 61
5096 092.5 14 15 3 11 17 93
5230 093.3 *15 15 2 12 14 90
5364 094.1 7 15 3 19 20 100
5499 094.9 0 6 11 4 20 *15 88
5633 095.6 4 2 9 5 14 3 58
5767 096.4 14 1 18 4 21 0 91
5901 097.2 8 1 15 3 *28 87
6035 097.9 19 3 15 3 17 90
6169 098.7 11 8 19 19 11 106
6303 099.5 11 5 33 19 10 121
6437 100.2 10 6 36 17 6 116
6571 101.0 15 6 *68 38 11 213
6706 101.8 *17 5 9 51 6 138
68411 102.5 15 3 5 38 7 107
6974 103.3 12 5 5 28 1 80
7108 104.1 9 4 5 35 1 85
7242 104.8 5 3 3 *54 0 102
7376 105.6 6 2 4 45 1 91
7510 106.4 5 1 2 23 0 49
7644 1117.1 5 0 1 25 49
7778 107.9 5 2 17 38
7913 108.7 4 1 18 36
8047 109.5 3 1 11 24
8181 110.2 5 1 11 27
8315 lll.O 4 0 4 13
8449 111.8 1 2 5
8583 112.5 0 2 3
8717 113.3 1 1 3
8851 114.1 0 1 2
8986 114.8 0 0
CIC 677 720 1594 1938 1179 380 509 107 86
Peak 22 17 68 54 29 21 18 5 2
Pass 9 8 7 1 2 3 4 5 6
142
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Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Keys tone 428 Arc 4.0 km
16 November 1971 Ref pt 1630
0904 to 0928 EST S02. pphm
Cum Y. Dir. Traverse hei 9ht. m
m de9 254 325 380 452 504 566 620 687 744 800 856 922 VIC
0 155.3 0 0
134 157.2 0 4 0 7
268 159.2 2 *4 1 0 12
402 161.1 2 1 0 8 0 30 67
536 163.0 *5 2 1 19 *41 *142 0 337
671 164.9 4 2 0 *33 46 77 0 260
805 166.8 2 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 15
939 168.8 0 1 0 0 97 8 0 160
1073 170.7 *11 *15 124 *47 0 303
1207 172.6 0 15 0 *97 42 0 236
1341 174.5 2 8 12 13 39 0 118
1475 176.4 0 7 *104 0 0 35 0 240
1609 178.4 0 53 14 8 0 122
1743 180.3 0 *103 0 0 154
1878 182.2 41 0 61
2012 184.1 0 0
CIC 54 47 54 244 161 312 892 605 1186 566 641
Peak 6 8 14 40 21 49 203 108 141 110 50
Pass 12 11 10 9 8 7 1 2 3 4 5
Keystone 429 Arc 10.0 km
16 November 1971 Ref pt 1590
0934 to 1007 EST S02. pphm
Cum y, Dir. Traverse hei 9ht. m
m de9 250 316 382 440 499 564 628 687 746 798 862 920 VIC
o 150.5 0 0
134 151.3 1 2
268 152.1 0 0
402 152.9 0 0
536 153.6 1 0 2
671 154.4 0 *2 2 7
805 155.2 *1 1 3 8
939 155.9 0 0 11 17
1073 156.7 0 0 13 20
1207 157.5 *1 0 0 21 0 34
1341 158.2 *1 1 2 *28 6 60
1475 159.0 0 0 6 27 15 77
1609 159.8 8 19 0 28 91
1743 160.5 0 0 1 *65 113
1878 161.3 2 1 34 63
2012 162.1 3 0 6 15
2146 162.8 20 1 8 0 48
2280 163.6 *38 31 0 9 0 129
2414 164.4 32 39 40 9 196
2548 165.1 19 84 50 22 284
2682 165.9 19 *86 *53 8 272
2816 166.7 0 84 48 0 23 0 251
2950 167.5 47 12 9 29 3 159
3085 168.2 14 1 12 *29 16 112
3219 169.0 0 0 32 14 *25 112
3353 169.8 45 4 0 14 100
3487 170.5 *37 0 19 8 101
3621 171.3 20 7 6 52
3755 172.1 17 29 1 73
3889 172.8 14 *24 1 0 61
4023 173.6 5 14 4 1 38
4157 174.4 3 3 0 0 9
4292 175.1 0 1 0 2
4426 175.9 1 *1 3
4560 176.7 0 1 2
4694 177.4 1 0 2
4828 178.2 0 0
CIC 11 21 534 444 1390 580 763 695 494 355 279 11
Peak 1 3 39 31 89 67 58 78 31 32 26 2
Pass 12 11 10 9 8 7 1 2 3 4 5 6
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Keystone 430 Arc 16.0 km
16 November 1971 Ref pt 180.
1127 to 1212 EST 502. pphm
Cum y, D;r, Traverse he; 9ht. m 576 639 692 748 800 VIC
m de9 187 253 320 385 446 508 573
0 169.4 0 0
134 169.9 1 1
268 170.4 1 1
402 170.9 2 2
536 171.4 2 2
671 171.8 2 2
805 172.3 0 1 1
939 172.8 1 0 0 2
1073 173.3 2 1 0 5
1207 173.8 2 0 1 0 5
1341 174.2 2 1 0 0 0 1 6
1475 174.7 2 1 1 1 1 3 0 13
1609 175.2 2 2 0 0 1 5 1 0 15
1743 175.7 2 2 0 1 0 5 0 3 0 18
1878 176.2 2 2 0 0 0 *4 1 0 0 12
2012 176.6 *3 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 13
2146 177.1 2 *7 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 22
2280 177.6 2 0 6 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 *4 0 23
2414 178.1 2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 22
2548 178.6 2 2 5 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 22
2682 179.0 2 3 *6 1 2 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 32
2816 179.5 1 2 5 2 2 0 0 1 5 0 *4 0 35
2950 180.0 2 4 3 3 1 1 2 10 *8 0 2 0 50
3085 180.5 1 3 3 1 2 *1 3 3 2 3 0 0 32
3219 181.0 0 *3 2 2 *3 0 1 4 3 *7 0 0 36
3353 181.4 2 0 3 3 0 1 4 3 6 0 0 31
3487 181.9 2 6 0 1 0 *14 0 5 0 0 35
3621 182.4 1 5 1 13 3 0 0 28
3755 182.9 1 6 0 4 1 0 0 17
3889 183.4 0 *9 0 1 0 1 0 17
4023 183.8 1 6 1 0 0 1 0 15
4157 184.3 0 4 2 0 0 0 10
4292 184.8 0 3 0 1 0 6
4426 185.3 1 2 0 0 5
4560 185.8 1 3 0 7
4694 186.2 0 0 0
CIC 115 100 190 211 64 36 150 197 107 100 61 0
Peak 4 5 7 9 4 3 6 16 9 8 4 0
Pass 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 1 2 3 4 5
144
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 431 Arc 10.0 km Conemaugh 431 (continued)
17 November 1 971 Ref pt 011°
0732 to 0851 EST S02, pphm Cum y, Oir, Traverse hei ght, m
m deg 275 335 400 455 522 575 635 695 755 VIC
Cum y, Oir, Traverse hei ght. m
m deg 275 335 400 455 522 575 635 695 755 VIC
7778 033.3 19 0 0 28
7913 034.1 37 0 0 55
o 348.7 0 0 8047 034.8 49 1 0 75
134 349.5 1 2 8181 035.6 *160 0 0 239
268 350.3 1 2 8315 036.4 71 1 0 108
402 351. 0 1 2 8449 037.1 18 3 0 32
536 351. 8 1 2 8583 037.9 32 1 0 49
671 352.6 1 2 8717 038.7 20 0 3 0 35
805 353.3 1 2 8851 039.4 100 1 4 0 158
939 354.1 0 1 2 8986 040.2 103 1 2 0 159
1073 354.9 2 0 3 9120 041.0 60 3 3 0 99
1207 355.6 *4 0 6 9254 041. 7 11 5 3 0 29
1341 356.4 1 3 6 9388 042.5 0 4 2 0 10
1475 357.2 4 0 2 10 9522 043.3 5 2 0 11
1609 357.9 1 1 7 14 9656 044.0 6 6 0 19
1743 358.7 1 1 *11 0 21 9790 044.8 6 9 0 24
1878 359.5 1 1 5 1 13 9924 045.6 8 15 0 37
2012 000.2 1 2 4 6 21 10058 046.3 10 21 0 50
2146 001.0 1 2 1 5 15 10193 047.1 16 20 0 58
2280 001.8 1 2 0 8 18 10327 047.9 15 20 0 56
2414 002.5 1 3 19 38 10461 048.7 19 20 0 63
2548 003.3 1 *5 *19 0 41 10595 049.4 21 18 0 63
2682 004.1 1 5 2 32 64 10729 050.2 30 19 0 79
2816 004.9 1 5 2 77 137 10863 051.0 30 23 0 85
2950 005.6 1 5 7 32 73 10997 051. 7 59 40 0 159
3085 006.4 2 5 3 22 52 11131 052.5 106 52 0 253
3219 007.2 2 5 0 61 109 11265 053.3 153 51 0 327
3353 007.9 2 5 *86 149 11400 054.0 206 51 0 412
3487 008.7 2 7 71 129 11534 054.8 *233 80 0 502
3621 009.5 2 5 40 76 11668 055.6 *233 64 0 476
3755 010.2 2 3 43 77 11802 056.3 *233 94 0 524
3889 011.0 2 2 33 59 11936 057.1 98 169 0 428
4023 011.8 2 0 27 45 12070 057.9 22 *215 0 380
4157 012.5 2 1 27 48 12204 058.6 24 165 0 303
4292 013.3 2 0 49 82 12338 059.4 20 86 0 170
4426 014.1 2 19 34 12472 060.2 9 82 0 146
4560 014.8 0 22 35 12607 060.9 0 42 0 67
4694 015.6 8 13 12741 061. 7 30 0 48
4828 016.4 30 48 12875 062.5 37 0 59
4962 017.1 35 56 13009 063.3 33 0 53
5096 017.9 5 8 13143 064.0 35 0 56
5230 018.7 0 0 13277 064.8 23 0 37
5364 019.5 0 0 13411 065.6 14 0 22
5499 020.2 1 1 13545 066.3 9 0 14
5633 021.0 15 22 13679 067.1 10 0 16
5767 021. 8 9 13 13814 067.9 9 0 14
5901 022.5 6 9 13948 068.6 6 0 10
6035 023.3 5 7 14082 069.4 5 0 8
6169 024.1 23 0 34 14216 070.2 6 0 10
6303 024.8 70 0 105 14350 070.9 5 0 8
6437 025.6 90 0 135 144R4 071. 7 5 0 8
6571 026.4 84 0 126 14618 072.5 5 0 8
6706 027.1 74 0 III 14752 073.2 5 0 8
6840 027.9 59 0 88 14886 074.0 5 0 8
6974 028.7 35 0 0 52 15021 074.8 4 0 6
7108 '029.4 53 4 0 86 15155 075.5 0 0 0
7242 030.2 52 1 0 79
7376 031.0 28 1 0 43 CIC 158 233 143 258 2576 4625 5645 5871
7510 031. 7 5 0 0 7 Peak 8 8 11 22 87 171 233 229
7644 032.5 2 0 0 3 Pass 6 5 4 3 1 2 7 8
145
-------
Table 3. (continued) PLUME CROSS SECTIONS
Conemaugh 432 Arc 4.0 km Conemaugh 433 Arc 10.0 km
17 November 1 971 Ref pt 0440 17 November 1 971 Ref pt 03go
1015 to 1034 E5T 502. pphm 1041 to 1105 E5T 502. pphm
Cum Y. Dir. Traverse hei ght. m Cum y, Oir, Traverse hei ght. m
m deg 420 448 509 570 630 695 720 750 VIC m deg 455 512 577 630 693 745 VIC
o 019.0 0 0 0 0 017.5 0 0 0 0
134 020.9 0 0 2 2 134 018.3 0 5 G 0 8
268 022.9 0 4 0 7 13 268 019.0 0 6 4 0 16
402 024.8 0 0 6 21 0 35 402 019.8 0 6 0 0 10
536 026.7 0 0 19 1 0 32 536 020.6 0 8 0 0 13
671 028.6 0 2 25 0 15 0 61 671 021. 3 0 5 5 0 ~ 6
805 030.6 0 *1 *31 21 9 0 0 97 805 022.1 0 6 0 0 10
939 032.5 0 0 24 126 15 5 0 269 939 022.9 0 4 1 0 8
1073 034.4 0 0 106 28 *37 0 236 1073 023.6 0 7 2 0 ;4
1207 036.3 0 118 74 26 0 303 1207 024.4 0 7 13 0 31
1341 038.2 0 207 63 35 0 444 1341 025.2 0 7 0 93 0 153
1475 040.2 4 398 *125 17 0 828 1475 025.9 0 8 5 126 0 213
1609 042.1 13 *817 126 2 0 1527 1609 026.7 0 *8 6 104 0 181
1743 044.0 48 615 41 0 0 1145 1743 027.5 0 11 13 109 0 204
1878 045.9 35 457 17 0 0 833 1878 028.2 0 17 44 98 0 245
2012 047.8 *63 86 35 5 0 289 2012 029.0 0 8 *111 71 0 293
2146 049.8 0 0 5 5 0 10 2146 029.8 0 6 107 122 0 36~
2280 051. 7 4 2 0 6 2280 030.5 0 4 59 77 0 215
2414 053.6 4 6 0 9 2414 031.3 0 4 15 *256 0 420
2548 055.5 0 0 0 0 2548 032.1 0 1 15 27 0 66
2682 032.9 0 0 15 8 0 35
CIC 0 25 376 584105712121 501 0 2816 033.6 0 2 42 0 67
Peak 0 11 35 65 840 132 37 0 2950 034.4 0 0 37 0 56
Pass 8 7 6 1 2 3 5 4 3085 035.2 0 63 0 96
3219 035.9 0 15 0 23
3353 036.7 8 0 12
3487 037.5 0 0 0
3621 038.2 0 0
3755 039.0 0 0
3889 039.8 0 0 0
4023 040.5 2 0 3
4157 041.3 0 0
4292 042.1 30 47
4426 042.8 45 71
4560 043.6 *71 112
4694 044.4 65 102
4828 045.1 40 63
4962 045.9 18 28
5096 046.7 4 6
5230 047.5 0 0
CIC 0 459 985 1404 4589
Peak 0 22 81 118 297
Pass 3 2 1 4 5
146
-------
GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER
Table 4 presents the peak ground-level S02 concentrations measured during
lengthwise flights under the plume. Each value is the maximum concentration in
an interval of one kilometer, centered on the designated kilometer. The individual
flights are identified by beginning and ending times and locations, with corre-
sponding S02 concentrations arranged under their respective distances downwind.
Table 5 summarizes the ground-level S02 concentrations obtained during cross-
wind flights under the plume. Although each arc distance from the plant is speci-
fied, most of the traverses were executed at distances corresponding to the cross
sections. Each flight is identified by beginning and ending times and a rectan-
gular origin near the plume center. The data are then listed in the plus y and
negative y directions with the concentration at the origin repeated for both seg-
ments; actual flights, however, were continuous across the plume.
The values shown in Table 5 are instantaneous readings reduced at 6-second
intervals. This corresponds to a crosswind distance increment of 134.1 meters.
Occasionally, only plus y or negative y segments are presented; this occurs if
the origin was established outside the plume or if restrictions prevented a complete
crosswind flight. Incomplete flights are recognizable by the absence of a zero at
the end of one or both segments.
In Tables 4 and 5, the S02 concentrations are net plume values obtained by
subtracting the ambient S02 and C02 background. Completely zero flights are
included in both tables to indicate the absence of ground-level S02 concentrations
at that particular time and location.
Table 4.
PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS
HELICOPTER
EST
Begin
Legend
Time of beginning and end of each flight.
Location of flight beginning in whole degrees of azimuth and
kilometers to nearest tenth from Conemaugh or Keystone stacks.
Location of flight terminus in whole degrees of azimuth and
kilometers to nearest tenth from Conemaugh or Keystone stacks.
Successive one-kilometer intervals downwind from plant centered
on designated whole kilometer.
Peak S02 concentration per kilometer interval in whole parts
per hundred million by volume.
Indicates that S02 concentrations beyond 25 kilometers are con-
tinued on last two pages of table.
End
Distance, etc.
S02, pphm
*
147
-------
.j:> Table 4. PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
co
Distance downwind from plant, km
EST Begin End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conemaugh Plume 21 Apri 1 1971
0954-1001 089°/ 0.5 089°/16.0 3 4 3 5 13 18 25 11 12 14 13 14 3 1 0 0
1010-1014 109°/16.0 109°/10.0 9 16 23 23 16 19 20
1021-1029 107°/10.0 107°/ 0.5 1 1 0 1 24 32 60 38 33 11
1058-11 07 1070/ 0.5 1070/16.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1116- 1120 107°/16.0 1070/10.0 3 8 4 5 5 4 1
1129-1138 0890 /10.0 0890/25.0 13 15 15 18 16 16 14 11 9 6 9 5 8 9 9 9
1138- 1158 089°/25.0 089°/ 0.5 0 3 13 61 10 27 13 18 25 25 16 8 3 0 6 10 13 13 13 15 9 8 8 9 9
1158- 1206 089°/ 0.5 089°/13.0 1 0 1 11 25 15 15 4 0 0 0 0 3
1206-1218 089°/13.0 08go/ 0.5 4 79 30 0 0 0 0 16 2 1 0 5 5
r:onemaugh Plume 22 ~,pri1 1971
0721-0724 099°/ 4.0 099°/ 0.5 2 7 15 34
0724-0727 099°/ 0.5 099°/ 5.0 1 22 30 15 17
0753-0756 112°/10.0 112°/16.0 8 6 5 5 3 4 4
0802-0806 112°/16.0 112°/10.0 14 14 11 9 6 4 6
0806-0812 112°/10.0 112°/18.0 9 7 9 7 7 7 8 4 1
0812-0819 112°/18.0 112°/ 9.0 5 4 5 5 16 5 2 1 1 0
0829-0831 099°/ 4.0 099°/ 0.5 0 1 10 12
0831-0834 099°/ 0.5 099°/ 6.0 0 4 4 7 2
0834-0838 099°/ 6.0 099°/ 0.5 0 8 11 4 4
Conemaugh Plume 23 April 1971
0743-0747 1170/ 4.0 1170/10.0 0 0 1 1 10 24 25
0753-0756 1220/10.0 1220/ 6.0 3 10 27 16 20
0756-0801 1220/ 6.0 130°/16.0 8 5 14 29 29 29 30 33 30 4 4
0805-0816 124°/16.0 1240/ 0.5 0 0' 1 7 6 9 12 19 25 19 20 16 15 14 12 12
0831-0846 1310/ 0.5 1310/22.0 1 0 0 28 21 28 24 27 25 87 59 69 41 30 12 14 14 15 16 15 14 11
0846-0905 1310/22.0 1310/ 0.5 1 24 20 30 40 44 35 36 49 39 29 29 32 25 15 24 17 15 15 15 14 11
1017-1022 1130/ 0.5 1130/10.0 3 16 34 72 60 33 22 33 38 21
1027-1033 113°/10.0 1130/ 0.5 6 30 46 57 58 19 20 20 19 18
1033-1044 1130/ 0.5 1130/20.0 145 171 14 14 16 19 25 28 17 12 9 12 11 5 6 5 4 4 4 3
1044- 11 00 1130/20.0 113"/ 0.5 103 38 1 3 3 3 1 1 5 7 6 7 9 10 1 6 5 5 3 4
11 00- 11 04 1090/ 0.5 109"/ 7.0 29 91 51 6 4 5 4
11 04- 11 08 1130/ 7.0 1130/ 0.5 1 16 48 6 1 0 2
11 08- 1117 1130/ 0.5 113°/16.0 4 1 1 3 9 21 15 11 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
-------
Table 4. (continued). PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTERt pphm
Distance downwind from plant. km
EST Begin End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conemaugh Plume 23 Apri 1 1971 (continued)
1117-1128 113°/16.0 113°/ 0.5 3 5 24 51 21 15 12 5 7 2 0 0 0 0
1128- 1132 113°/ 0.5 113°/ 7.0 5 209 39 6 7 6 10
1132-1136 113°/ 7.0 113°/ 0.5 2 11 68 26 3 4 9
1136- 1140 113°/ 0.5 113°/ 7.0 2 0 2 4 6 5 4
1140- 1144 113°/ 7.0 113°/ 0.5 2 9 9 3 3 3 3
Conemaugh Plume 24 April 1971
0828-0845 051°/22.0 051°/ 0.5 56 3 17 53 41 14 10 11 2 4 5 7 7 6 9 11 13 11 7 7 6 6
0858-0907 059°/ 0.5 059°/20.0 2 4 7 15 61 45 62 35 12 10 9 5 3 2 2 1 1 1 0 0
0907-0918 059°/20.0 059°/ 6.0 7 11 3 3 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
8921-0928 059°/ 6.0 059°/ 0.5 5 3 10 14
Conemaugh Plume 26 Apri 1 1971
0638-0640 0900/ 4.0 0900/ 0.5 1 5 5 17
0640-0651 0900/ 0.5 0900/20.0 2 0 4 5 5 4 3 5 11 14 14 14 15 14 11 8 5 3 1
0651-0700 0900/20.0 0900/10.0 19 21 19 18 13 11 11 9 3 0
0748-0755 1080/10.0 1080/ 0.5 1 1 1 0 0 5 10 13 11
0919-0928 1080/ 0.5 108°/16.0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 10 7 6 6 7 7 6 5
0937-0941 1060/16.0 1060/10.0 5 5 4 3 5 5 10
0946-0951 1080/10.0 1080/ 4.0 20 5 10 17 16 11 12
0954-0957 1020/ 4.0 1020/ 0.5 1 7 22 30
0957-1006 1080/ 0.5 108°/16.0 1 1 1 7 28 37 30 29 21 6 5 4 3 3 1 0
1006-1016 108°/16.0 1080/ 0.5 0 0 0 1 1 4 17 17 14 4 1 3 1 4 0 0
1016-1020 1080/ 0.5 1080/ 7.0 3 0 0 2 1 0 0
1020-1024 1080/ 7.0 1080/ 0.5 0 0 1 3 7 1 0
Conemaugh Plume 28 April 1971
0629-0632 3430/ 4.0 3430/ 0.5 1 1 2 2
0632-0638 3430/ 0.5 3430/10.0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1
0720-0727 003 ° /10 . 0 0030/ 0.5 1 1 2 7 19 18 2 10 10 15
0748-0754 0030/ 0.5 0030/10.0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 3
-I'"
1.0
-------
t1'I
0 Table 4. (continued)
PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
Distance downwind from plant, km
EST Begin End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conemaugh Plume 29 April 1971
0622-0624 0800/ 4.0 080°/ 0.5 0 1 1
0624-0637 0900/ 0.5 0900/25.0 0 0 2 6 19 11 15 10 15 16 17 17 19 19 15 11 10 9 7 6 6 5 5 6
0637-0650 090°/25.0 090°/ 9.0 11 20 25 26 20 17 16 15 7 9 11 14 6 5 5 5 5
0748-0755 090°/ 0.5 090°/16.0 0 3 22 59 87 17 24 14 30 15 17 15 6 5 3
0755-0800 090° /16. 0 090° /10.0 36 29 6 5 3 3 2
Conemaugh Plume 4 May 1971
0623-0625 0900/ 4.0 090°/ 0.5 0 0 6 0
0625-0633 0900/ 0.5 0900/16.0 0 3 2 1 4 6 6 8 3 1 2 3 1 1 0 0
0633-0637 0900/16.0 0900 / 10.0 1 3 8 3 1 1 1
0721-0724 1090/10.0 1090/16.0 7 9 9 7 8 10 9
0724-0733 1090/16.0 1090/ 0.5 0 4 14 22 4 9 10 7 12 12 10 9 9 9 9
0906-0908 1090/ 4.0 1090/ 0.5 1 6 9
0908-0913 1090/ 0.5 1090/10.0 1 8 1 3 20 24 16 15 8
0919-0927 1010/10.0 1010/25.0 14 11 11 10 10 14 13 10 9 6 5 5 5 4 4 4
0930-0937 101°/25.0 101°/16.0 6 9 5 5 5 5 6 8 9 9
0948-1001 109°/16.0 109°/ 0.5 1 7 11 28 26 15 14 14 11 5 5 6 9 9 7 6
1001-1005 104°/ 0.5 1 04 ° / 7. 0 2 1 0 0 6 6 6
1005-1010 104°/ 7.0 1 04 ° / O. 5 3 19 61 24 47 10 9
1010-1014 104°/ 0.5 104°/ 7.0 3 2 2 9 12 11 9
1014-1018 104°/ 7.0 104°/ 0.5 1 2 7 24 19 7 9
1018-1022 104°/ 0.5 104°/ 7.0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
1022-1027 104°/ 7.0 104°/ 0.5 3 51 29 Q 1 1 1
Conemaugh Plume 5 May 1971
0655-0701 038°/10.0 0380/ 0.5 0 0 1 3 3 4 5 9 8 10
0701-0713 0420/ 0.5 0420/22.0 0 1 0 2 4 1 0 3 13 16 18 19 18 16 14 14 16 10 8 6 4 3
0713-0727 0420/22.0 0420/ 0.5 0 0 9 9 6 5 11 13 16 29 33 14 14 13 11 10 10 9 6 5 4 5
0740-0753 0420/ 0.5 0420/22.0 0 0 4 3 3 4 6 5 9 7 11 10 13 13 9 9 8 9 10 14 14 15
0850-0905 0470/22.0 0470/ 0.5 9 30 20 6 6 15 9 19 19 6 5 6 6 8 9 10 6 6 7 8 10 7
0919-0924 0470/ 0.5 0470/ 9.0 2 0 0 3 1 15 15 5 7
0924-0930 0470/ 9.0 0470/ 0.5 1 2 3 2 3 5 15 7 12
0930-0935 0470/ 0.5 0470/ 9.0 3 2 4 2 4 7 26 10 3
0935-0942 0470/ 9.0 0470/ 0.5 0 10 2 3 54 7 10 3 2
-------
Table 4. (continued) PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
Distance downwind from plant, km
EST Begin End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conemaugh Plume 7 May 1971
0813-0820 277°/11.0 277°/24.0 0 30 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
0829-0839 273°/24.0 273°/10.0 0 0 0 1 0 2 4 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3
0856-0903 277° /10.0 277°/ 0.5 15 5 4 5 4 4 3 3 3 1
0916-0929 291°/ 0.5 291°/22.0 18 15 14 15 15 10 11 8 4 3 0 4 3 26 19 15 4 1 1 1
1034-1045 291°/ 0.5 291°/20.0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 2 3 4 6 6 5 5 4 4 4 4
1045-1058 291°/20.0 291°/ 0.5 32 19 10 14 4 10 1 3 3 4 4 6 6 5 10 5 4 3 4 4
1058- 11 00 291°/ 0.5 291°/ 4.0 6 3 15 1
11 05- 11 08 313°/ 4.0 313°1 0.5 3 18 6 5
11 08- 1117 31301 0.5 3130/16.0 3 3 9 9 4 6 10 7 5 11 11 12 11 10 5 5
Conemaugh Plume 1 0 ~1ay 1971
0715-0718 2350/10.0 2350/16.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0718-0727 235°/16.0 2350/ 0.5 2 1 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0853-0915 2270/ 0.5 2270/40.0 67 67 36 33 32 14 10 7 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 7 5 5 6 5 5 10 9 19*
0915- 0928 227°/40.0 227°/20.0 15 14 16 15 21 20*
0928-0940 227°/20.0 227°/40.0 15 20 16 17 17 16*
0940-1006 227°/40.0 227°/ 0.5 27 19 12 14 17 17 11 7 10 10 19 21 17 20 19 17 27 26 17 21 21 35 15 12 12*
1006-1008 041°/ 0.5 041°/ 3.0 24 46 30
1008-1010 041°1 3.0 041°1 0.5 46 54 52
1023-1025 211°1 0.5 211°/ 4.0 20 25 33 39
1033-1036 211°1 4.0 211°/10.0 15 16 21 11 10 9 8
1036- 1 042 211°/10.0 211°1 0.5 8 9 10 8 11 12 10 9 8 5
1042-1044 041°/ 0.5 041°1 3.0 13 10 0
Conemaugh Plume 11 May 1971
0614-0616 32701 4.0 32701 0.5 7 9 10 14
0616-0628 32701 0.5 3270/20.0 9 7 10 11 9 13 15 6 10 9 1 0 0 149 153 10 6 5 5 5
0628-0636 3270/20.0 327°/10.0 24 24 0 1 5 6 6 5 6 6 5
0636-0640 3270/10.0 327°/16.0 4 3 2 6 53 6 6
0730-0741 3390/16.0 33901 0.5 7 10 14 15 15 14 12 11 12 17 14 13 12 14 17 17
0828- 0845 32701 0.5 3270/28.0 11 12 12 9 7 6 5 9 12 12 21 25 28 21 19 21 22 20 17 17 21 15 12 12 11*
0845-0906 32r/28.0 327°/ 0.5 5 9 11 17 31 32 32 34 40 31 22 17 17 18 17 11 9 11 20 24 25 20 17 15 15*
0906-0912 327°/ 0.5 327°/10.0 5 8 6 9 11 5 6 20 49 60
CJ1 0918-0922 32]0/10.0 327°/ 4.0 16 24 21 20 25 15 13
-' 0926-0928 32701 4.0 3270/ 0.5 8 12 9 4
-------
Ul Table 4. (continued) PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pph~
N
.-
----
Distance downwind from plant, km
EST Begin End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conemaugh Plume 11 May 1971 (continued)
U939-0949 327°/ 0.5 327°/22.0 0 0 0 15 44 21 24 25 28 4 6 6 11 11 11 8 9 5 5 4 5 10
11 43- 1149 318"110.0 318°/ 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1200- 1205 358"/ 0.5 358°/10.0 0 1 35 39 8 56 26 10 11 11
1205- 1211 358n/1O.0 358°/ 0.5 0 0 1 8 50 39 25 21 9 4
1211-1225 358"/ 0.5 358°/24.0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 14 8 13 13 21 13 6 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 6
Conemaugh Plume 14 '1ay 1971
0621-0624 052°/ 4.0 052"/ 0.5 0 0 1 5
0624-0637 041"/ 0.5 041°/22.0 3 0 0 1 4 9 21 19 25 30 16 22 23 21 20 19 19 19 18 15 13 5
0651-0706 047"/22.0 047°/ 0.5 0 0 0 0 1 8 14 11 9 9 8 8 10 11 18 16 15 8 6 8 8 9
0718-0730 055°/ 0.5 055°/22.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 5 4 4 3 2 3 4 8 4 4 5 5
0839-0847 066°/22.0 066°110.0 4 4 6 6 1 2 4 5 5 5 4 4 3
0854-0901 090°/10.0 090°/24.0 19 24 26 25 24 23 23 22 14 14 14 10 11 10 10
0901-0919 090"/24.0 090°/ 0.5 1 1 0 0 0 3 10 9 8 14 15 18 24 26 13 15 16 18 18 15 15 11 10 10
0930-0934 075°/ 0.5 075°/ 7.0 0 3 11 30 5 18 29
09.34-0936 075°/ 7.0 075°/ 4.0 25 22 28 38
0941-0943 068°/ 4.0 068°/ 0.5 3 2 34 50
0943-0953 0750/ 0.5 0750/20.0 3 58 45 6 3 5 14 21 20 14 16 11 9 11 6 10 11 13 14 13
1)953-0959 0750/20.0 0750/10.0 18 20 15 11 13 12 11 10 13 11 13
1011..1015 0750/ 7.0 0750/ 0.5 5 58 29 107 88 24 25
1015-1020 0750/ 0.5 0750110.0 8 2 20 43 27 35 30 32 33 13
1020-1026 075"11 o. 0 0750/ 0.5 9 35 31 26 47 36 31 29 18 15
1230-1235 0750/ d.5 0750/10.0 8 19 5 1 1 0 0 2 3 2
1240- 1243 090°11 O. 0 0900/16.0 11 11 8 9 10 8 7
1243-1255 0900/16.0 0900/ 0.5 5 4 5 25 31 21 11 10 14 21 13 14 16 10 8 5
Conemaugh Plume 15 May 1971
0537-0545 3530/12.0 3530/ 0.5 10 77 93 46 29 28 17 12 14 15 198 183
0545-0549 1740/ 0.5 1740/ 6.0 17 25 70 128 130 19
0549--0552 1740/ 6.0 1740/ 0.5 20 28 50 33 11 7
0610-0619 3530/ 0.5 353°116.0 4 5 25 25 28 34 45 43 38 26 22 20 6 5 2 1
0619-0623 3530116.0 3530/10.0 12 12 7 3 4 3 3
0632-0638 0020110.0 0020/ 1. 5 20 25 24 25 28 22 17 24 24
0642-0644 0020/ 0.5 0020/ 4.0 11 11 15 15
0649-0703 0020/ 4.0 0020/28.0 15 17 20 12 9 7 6 7 14 12 15 10 5 3 4 12 14 12 4*
-------
Table 4. (continued) PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pp~m
Distance downwind from plant, km
EST Begin End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conemaugh Plume 15 May 1971 (continued)
0703-0721 3530/28.0 3530/ 0.5 34 12 11 10 7 6 5 7 6 10 9 10 16 11 6 5 5 5 6 14 10 15 12 7 6*
0734-0748 353°/ 0.5 353°/28.0 28 28 9 12 16 12 11 7 6 10 12 14 14 12 12 12 10 10 10 9 12 11 12 11 10*
0822-0833 353°/28.0 353°110.0 13 23 9 9 6 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 13 14*
0840-0849 002° 11 0.0 002°/26.0 24 43 41 24 13 10 6 6 6 5 4 5 4 3 1 0*
0849-0910 002°/26.0 002°/ 0.5 4 4 5 15 33 46 56 25 1 9 4 1 3 5 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 1*
0924-0930 002°/ 0.5 002°110.0 5 10 14 8 4 5 20 17 14 10
0930-0937 002° 11 O. 0 002°/ 0.5 6 11 4 3 4 10 15 11 9 5
0937-0940 002°/ 0.5 002°/ 4.0 4 16 10 9
1012-1017 353°/ 0.5 353°110.0 4 3 4 4 10 4 3 4 10 10
1017-1023 353°110.0 353°/ 0.5 21 12 22 25 6 4 5 9 11 10
Conemaugh Plume 17 May 1971
0948-0950 087°/ 4.0 087°/ 0.5 5 29 4 6
0950-0956 087°/ 0.5 087°110.0 3 10 40 15 13 13 12 6 6 10
1006-1010 108°110.0 108°116.0 10 13 10 11 9 8 6
1010-1021 104°116.0 104°/ 0.5 1 1 9 9 25 28 16 11 6 10 9 9 8 8 8 5
1021-1025 104°/ 0.5 104°/ 7.0 0 2 6 10 8 6 6
1025-1029 104°/ 7.0 104°/ 0.5 0 1 7 8 19 10 6
1029-1033 0870/ 0.5 0870/ 7.0 0 0 2 9 20 6 3
1033- 1 037 0870/ 7.0 0870/ 0.5 1 2 3 9 15 5 11
1037-1041 1040/ 0.5 1040/ 7.0 0 0 79 85 32 21 25
1041-1046 1040/ 7.0 1 04 ° / O. 5 18 68 29 18 25 26 16
1046-1055 1 04 ° / O. 5 1040/16.0 3 4 11 34 19 15 11 13 12 10 8 6 6 13 5 4
1055-11 07 104 ° 116. 0 1 04 ° / O. 5 5 103 8 9 18 19 10 4 5 9 8 6 5 6 4 4
11 07-1111 1040/ 0.5 1040/ 7.0 2 4 19 23 19 4 9
1111-1115 1040/ 7.0 1040/ 0.5 11 11 16 11 5 4 8
1115- 1118 1040/ 0.5 1040/ 4.0 1 5 19 24
1118- 1120 1040/ 4.0 1040/ 0.5 28 16 13 6
Conemaugh Plume 19 May 1971
0617-0623 0540/ 0.5 0540110.0 18 10 60 10 15 14 28 4 4 3
0623-0633 0540/11.0 0640/25.0 2 3 6 2 3 2 19 103 164 15 9 8 4 4
0633-0636 064°/25.0 062°/22.0 13 11 14 0
U1 0648-0655 062°/22.0 062°110.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 8
w 0723-0728 0590/10.0 0590/ 0.5 20 21 13 10 9 9 8 5 3 3
-------
U1
-1'>0 Table 4. (continued) PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
Distance downwind from plant, km
EST Begin End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conemaugh Plume 20 May 1971
0832-0836 206°/10.0 206°/ 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1018-1020 070°/ 4.0 070°/ 0.5 10 6 3 4
1 020- 1 028 062°/ 0.5 062°/14.0 3 10 6 4 16 31 31 9 9 10 11 5 6 6
1028-1034 0620/14.0 062°/ 0.5 8 15 6 3 13 26 30 28 15 9 8 7 7 6
1034-1039 0620/ 0.5 0620/10.0 0 2 11 15 8 3 4 16 24 20
1048-1053 0730/10.0 0730/ 0.5 1 16 15 20 21 11 20 13 14 21
1053-11 06 0820/ 0.5 0820/26.0 0 5 13 19 21 26 19 15 11 8 13 13 21 31 30 28 30 28 25 23 20 19 18 If- 14*
11 06-1121 082°/26.0 082 ° / O. 5 8 13 28 18 28 39 19 16 8 6 5 5 9 19 14 14 19 15 16 17 16 16 14 14 14*
Conemaugh Plume 18 October 1971
0630-0641 323°/ 0.5 323°/18.0 0 0 32 21 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 5 3 4
0641-0655 323°/18.0 323°/ 0.5 0 1 4 1 1 2 3 4 3 4 2 2 2 3 5 6 5 4
0802-0808 323°/10.0 323°/ 0.5 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 4
0819-0828 329°/ 0.5 329°/20.0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 3 4 5 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0949-1001 329°/ 0.5 329°/24.0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 3 5 6 4 5 5 5 5 9 2 3 4 4 4 5 4 4
1001-1010 329°/24.0 329° /1 0.0 4 6 7 6 5 5 5 6 4 4 4 4 6 4 5
1015-1018 331°/10.0 331°/ 4.0 6 7 5 6 6 7 5
1023-1025 313°/ 4.0 313°/ 0.5 0 6 9 10
1025-1037 329°/ 0.5 329°/22.0 0 0 4 5 5 3 4 1 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2
1037-1051 329°/22.0 329°/ 0.5 22 29 18 6 5 4 5 3 2 3 4 2 2 1 1 1 2
1051-1058 313°/ 0.5 313°/10.0 0 7 30 31 10 11 14 11 9 9
1058- 11 03 313°/10.0 313°/ 0.5 5 14 25 32 11 12 12 6 6 7
1115-1123 3130/ 0.5 3130/16.0 0 1 6 7 6 9 18 20 13 12 12 6 5 6 6 6
1123-1132 3130/16.0 3130/ 0.5 1 17 10 6 9 8 15 16 12 12 9 5 6 6 7 6
1132-1143 3170/ 0.5 3170/20.0 1 0 1 3 12 11 12 7 10 11 12 10 9 6 5 5 5 5 5 4
Conemaugh Plume 19 October 1971
0620-0630 3100/16.0 3100/ 0.5 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 5 7 9 6 5 1 0
0806-0815 3100/16.0 3100/ 0.5 4 3 1 0 1 1 1 3 5 5 5 2 0 0 0 0
0941-0947 3150/ 0.5 3150/10.0 11 19 26 16 5 10 6 18 20 19
0952-0956 3150/10.0 3150/16.0 22 23 28 26 25 6 2
1003-1011 3100/16.0 3100/ 4.0 22 34 18 5 5 4 5 4 5 7 6 6 5
1015-1017 3150/ 4.0 3150/ 0.5 9 29 22 22
1017-1033 3100/ 0.5 3100/28.0 6 9 20 26 22 21 21 24 24 9 15 17 17 22 9 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 6 6 6*
1033-1049 310°/28.0 310°/ 0.5 4 14 20 21 16 20 30 26 19 17 19 26 22 26 24 14 11 12 11 9 7 8 7 7 7*
-------
Table 4. (continued) PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
Distance downwind from plant, km
EST Begin End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conemaugh Plume 19 October 1971 (continued)
1049-1057 310°/ 0.5 310°/12.0 3 4 9 14 20 38 37 29 22 12 24 24
1057 -11 04 310°/12.0 310°/ 0.5 6 6 6 12 22 22 28 30 31 26 25 27
11 04-11 07 310°/ 0.5 310°/ 5.0 9 9 9 26 28
11 07 -111 0 310°/ 5.0 310°/ 0.5 5 5 24 17 18
1121-1129 310°/ 0.5 310°/16.0 5 6 6 9 15 12 20 17 17 14 15 16 18 20 21 16
1328-1330 286°/ 0.5 286°/ 4.0 0 0 4 18
1334-1338 286°/ 4.0 286°/10.0 63 21 13 14 10 8 9
1345-1348 286°/10.0 286°/16.0 6 5 5 7 8 8 9
1354-1406 286°/16.0 286°/ 0.5 18 6 17 16 33 23 14 18 20 13 11 12 7 8 8 12
1406-1412 286°/ 0.5 286°/ 8.0 0 9 21 16 16 21 16 15
Conemaugh Plume 20 October 1971
0703-0708 314°/10.0 314°/ 4.0 21 12 6 7 7 6 6
0714-0717 314°/ 4.0 314°/ 0.5 48 35 20 17
0717-0724 3140/ 0.5 314°/10.0 14 42 24 16 15 11 11 11 10 9
0724-0732 3140/10.0 3140/ 0.5 21 21 21 15 11 10 11 12 10 10
0732-0735 3140/ 0.5 3140/ 4.0 10 20 19 12
0735-0738 3140/ 4.0 3140/ 0.5 11 12 13 12
0738-0741 3140/ 0.5 3140/ 4.0 19 16 12 5
0741-0744 3140/ 4.0 3140/ 0.5 15 15 9 7
0744-0747 3140/ 0.5 3140/ 4.0 17 14 12 5
0747-0750 3140/ 4.0 3140/ 0.5 41 24 6 5
0750-0753 3140/ 0.5 3140/ 4.0 15 21 16 11
0753-0756 3140/ 4.0 3140/ 0.5 35 24 12 7
0809-0820 3140/ 0.5 3140/16.5 19 35 2 5 7 7 7 6 1 0 0 0 2 4 3
0924-0928 3200/10.0 3200/ 4.0 1 11 10 10 10 11 10
0933-0936 3080/ 4.0 3080/ 0.5 3 6 9 7
0936-0938 3080/ 0.5 3080/ 4.0 2 2 6 6
0938-0941 3080/ 4.0 3080/ 0.5 23 24 9 15
1028-1030 3080/ 4.0 3080/ 0.5 0 0 3 6
1030-1037 3140/ 0.5 314°/10.0 0 0 5 3 10 9 3 5 5
1037-1044 3140/10.0 3140/ 0.5 1 17 4 3 4 7 9 4 5
-'
U1
U1
-------
......
U"1
0"1 Table 4. (continued)
PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
Distance downwind from plant, km
EST Begin End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conemaugh Plume 21 October 1971
0815-0831 3540/27.5 3540/ 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 5 6 6 6 6 4 2 4 3 3 9 27 25 24 14*
0842-0901 358°/ 0.5 358°/32.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 5 7 9 10 8 7 6 5 4 2 1 1 2 1*
0901-0914 358°/32.0 358°/10.0 10 10 10 9 11 11 6 7 7 6 6 6 5 2 6 5*
0914-0918 358°/10.0 358°/16.0 14 11 9 10 10 9 7
0924-0928 358°/16.0 358°/10.0 5 3 4 3 1 5 5
0932-0935 338°/10.0 338°/ 6.0 7 10 20 28 30
0935-0943 338°/ 6.0 338°/20.0 6 7 9 12 15 20 19 20 22 24 24 21 9 4 3
0943-0955 338°/20.0 338°/ 0.5 5 11 17 16 9 9 4 5 10 11 11 12 11 11 11 15 15 14 3 1
1007-1013 343°/ 0.5 343° /12.0 0 3 12 48 62 48 42 b3 35 35 19 10
1013-1020 343°/12.0 343°/ 0.5 5 11 30 68 70 37 36 33 30 19 14 10
1020-1033 3430/ 0.5 3430/24.0 3 7 11 34 72 55 35 31 40 44 33 22 10 9 7 6 7 7 12 11 9 9 9 10
Conemaugh Plume 22 October 1971
0802-0809 3600/10.0 3600/ 0.5 0 10 12 14 2 0 0 2 9 10
0819-0832 3600/ 0.5 3600/25.0 0 4 7 5 5 7 5 5 4 5 7 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
0913-0923 360°/25.0 360°/10.0 5 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
0929-0933 360°/10.0 360°/ 4.0 4 4 5 6 6 6 9
0941-0943 015°/ 4.0 015°/ 0.5 0 0 0 13
0956-0959 360°/ 0.5 360°/ 4.0 0 0 0 0
1002-1004 015°/ 4.0 015°/1.5 0 4 5
1004-1010 015°/1.5 015°/10.0 0 0 1 5 36 21 1 1 0
1015-1022 360°/10.0 360°/ 0.5 1 8 5 1 6 5 6 10 12 14
1022-1028 3440/ 0.5 3440/10.0 0 0 0 4 3 1 1 0 1 0
1031-1035 3600/10.0 3600/ 6.0 1 5 10 12 7
1035-1038 3600/ 6.0 3600/10.0 1 0 1 6 7
1041-1048 3600/10.0 3600/ 0.5 0 1 2 2 2 5 4 5 10 7
1059-1114 3600/ 0.5 3600/25.0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 10 11 11 7 7 9 6 6 7 6 7 6 6 5
Conemaugh Plume 2 November 1971
0724-0732 0450/ 4.0 045°/22.0 0 0 0 7 10 12 11 10 9 6 9 5 5 5 5 4 3 3 3
0742-0757 0500/22.0 0500/ 0.5 6 46 16 15 15 1 7 9 11 11 10 7 7 7 7 7 6 5 5 5 4 4 3
0911-0922 0500/ 0.5 0500/24.0 0 0 0 3 1 0 2 3 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 6 5 6 6 5 4 4 4 3
-------
Table 4. (continued) PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER. pphm
D"istance downwind from plant, km
EST Begin End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conemaugh Plume 3 November 1971
0958-1000 062°/ 4.0 062°/ 0.5 1 1 1 1
1000-1005 062°/ 0.5 062°/10.0 0 1 1 2 10 11 15 36 35 11
1014-1021 081°/10.0 081°/ 0.5 5 1 0 0 2 3 20 21 15 22
1039-1048 081°/ 0.5 081°/18.0 0 0 0 1 6 30 48 17 15 16 17 9 12 7 6 7 10 10
1239-1241 081°/ 4.0 081°/ 0.5 3 4 34 65
1241-1246 081°/ 0.5 081°/10.0 0 0 3 2 3 4 2 0 0 0
1252-1300 090°/10.0 090°/ 0.5 0 3 14 13 14 8 8 5 5 10
1300-1310 090°/ 0.5 090°/20.0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 5 5 5 8 6 4 5 8 10 11 3 3
1310-1323 090°/20.0 090°/ 4.0 0 0 0 0 4 10 3 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 5 4 3
1326-1328 081°/ 4.0 081°/ 0.5 0 0 0 0
1328-1331 081°/ 0.5 081°/ 6.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1331-1335 081°/ 6.0 081°/ 0.5 0 0 0 0 1 0
Conemaugh Plume 4 November 1971
0750-0754 0920/ 4.0 0920 /10.0 5 2 5 9 15 27 10
0758-0801 0920/10.0 0920/16.0 7 10 10 11 10 7 6
0801-0813 0920/16.0 0920/ 0.5 1 12 37 37 29 30 43 7 12 15 10 7 7 7 7 7
Conemaugh Plume 5 November 1971
0715-0726 0620/ 0.5 0620 /18.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0726-0734 0620/18.0 0620/ 6.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1022-1039 0360/ 0.5 0360/30.0 0 0 0 2 10 20 31 35 24 20 21 21 18 14 13 9 3 3 1 4 8 8 6 10 1*
1039-1051 036°/30.0 036°/10.0 23 24 18 16 15 6 3 1 0 4 0 0 2 4 9 8*
1057-1103 030°/10.0 030°/ 0.5 0 0 9 14 11 4 11 11 12 12
1103-1121 0360/ 0.5 0360/30.0 1 0 0 3 7 5 5 3 5 4 7 9 7 7 11 15 9 19 31 20 20 19 18 19 15*
1121-1138 036°/30.0 036°/ 2.5 7 22 25 24 19 15 24 39 15 12 21 22 22 22 21 17 17 13 16 14 9 10 11*
1138- 1144 036°/ 2.5 036°/13.0 7 4 9 36 24 27 26 16 20 34 21
1144-1151 036°/13.0 036°/ 0.5 0 1 42 58 31 22 26 24 24 36 72 23 22
Conemaugh Plume 6 November 1971
0809-0814 0220 /'10.0 0220/ 0.5 26 11 5 0 4 6 6 5 9 14
1015-1024 0350 /"16.0 0350/ 0.5 9 12 12 6 12 14 11 5 4 14 19 22 20 20 15 5
1039-1055 0350/ 0.5 0350/30.0 6 7 9 9 5 5 7 7 7 5 6 13 15 15 11 16 17 15 14 14 12 11 9 9 6*
Ul 1055- 11 06 035°/30.0 035°/10.0 12 11 9 6 9 9 10 10 11 14 14 14 13 12 14 12*
'-J
-------
--'
Ul
co Table 4. (continued) PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER. pphm
Distance downwind from plant, km
EST Begin End 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conemaugh Plume 6 November 1971 (continued)
1111-1116 032°/10.0 032°/ 0.5 2 6 7 9 7 14 13 14 14 7
1143-1145 040°/ 4.0 040°/ 0.5 0 4 12 7
1158-1209 040°/ 0.5 040°/22.0 0 0 0 4 16 21 28 20 19 3 9 6 6 4 3 3 4 7 4 6 5 3
Conemaugh Plume 9 November 1971
0706-0712 342°/10.0 342°/ 0.5 4 2 1 3 5 6 7 6 7 6
0822-0828 348° /10.0 348°/ 0.5 1 0 0 0 1 2 4 5 6 5
0839-0846 348°/ 0.5 348°/16.0 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 6 5 6 6 5 6 6
1011-1018 348°/16.0 348°/ 4.0 12 10 4 2 4 5 5 6 6 8 9 10 10
1023-1025 348°/ 4.0 348°/ 0.5 0 0 0 6
1037-1043 017°/ 0.5 017°/10.0 0 0 28 38 11 10 15 1 0 1
1047-1050 355°/10.0 355°/ 6.0 0 0 4 5 6
1050-1057 355°/ 6.0 355°/18.0 0 0 0 0 2 4 5 5 5 6 5 5 4
1057-1105 355°/18.0 355°/ 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 6 6 5 5 4 4
1158-1200 047°/ 4.0 047°/ 0.5 2 12 0 0
Conemaugh Plume 12 November 1971
0735-0742 0660/ 4.0 066 ° /16 . 0 0 0 0 1 14 5 4 0 1 0
0742-0746 066°/16.0 0660/10.0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0840-0849 0660/16.0 0660/ 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 2 4 8 9 8
1039-1046 0660/ 0.5 0660/16.0 1 1 4 8 29 29 48 45 18 5 0 1 0 1 1 0
1051-1055 0770/16.0 0770/10.0 6 ' 8 9 11 18 19
,
1059-11 06 0770/10.0 0770/ 0.5 0 35 40 3 4 13 18 10 15
Conemaugh Plume 13 November 1971
0834-0837 0970/10.0 097°/16.0 13 16 14 9 9 10 10
0837-0849 097 ° /16 .0 0970/ 0.5 3 9 25 6 8 24 26 14 5 4 8 8 10 11 14 11
1001-1009 0910/ 0.5 091 ° /16.0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 9 21 35 4 0 2 1 2
1009-1018 0910/16.0 0910/ 0.5 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 11 5 11 19 6 0 1 4 1
Keystone Plume 16 November 1971
1008-1014 1610/10.0 1610/ 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1215-1224 178°/16.0 1780/ 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-------
Table 4. (continued) PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
Distance downwind from plant, km
EST Begin End. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Conemau9h Plume 17 November 1971
0803-0805 352°/10.0 352°/16.0 6 6 7 1 1 0
0805-0812 352°/16.0 352° / 1. 5 9 10 26 22 11 9 7 6 5 1 1 0 0 0
0812-0816 352°/ 1.5 352°/10.0 30 55 38 21 26 24 12 14 7
0831-0833 068°/10.0 068°/16.0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
0833-0835 068 ° /16 .0 068°/10.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0945-0958 3520/25.0 352°/ 1. 5 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2
1111-1115 0220/10.0 0220/20.0 5 4 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1115-1123 0220/20.0 0220/ 0.5 9 28 54 29 15 15 10 4 3 0 0 1 1 0 3 1 2 0 0 0
1135-1153 0280/ 0.5 0280/34.0 10 16 24 65 44 24 23 13 1 0 1 3 4 16 35 33 67 34 13 11 8 14 11 19 23*
1153-1210 028°/34.0 028°/ 0.5 14 36 37 37 64 60 38 46 23 11 8 6 9 5 16 29 41 26 33 29 23 16 21 23 26*
1345-1350 036°/10.0 036°/ 0.5 3 5 21 36 28 20 16 19 15 10
1402-1417 0360/ 0.5 0360/30.0 0 0 0 9 14 5 5 5 5 8 17 19 20 16 16 21 24 25 21 25 24 16 16 13 11 *
1417-1432 036°/30.0 036°/ 0.5 0 3 10 28 6 5 3 2 1 1 3 6 10 8 9 14 30 33 28 24 25 20 15 13 11*
1432-1451 036°/ 0.5 036°/34.0 0 0 6 20 20 8 4 4 5 6 11 20 6 6 7 13 20 20 26 26 30 20 21 20 18*
1451-1459 036°/34.0 036°/22.0 19 19 24 31*
1512-1521 036°/22.0 036°/38.0 27 25 24 16*
1521-1545 036°/38.0 036°/ 0.5 0 0 0 0 5 3 8 10 10 11 18 20 20 21 29 30 29 30 23 20 25 26 23 21*
-'
U1
1.0
-------
0'1
a
Table 4. (continued) PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
Distance downwind from plant, km
EST Begin End 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Conemaugh Plume 10 May 1971
0853-0915 227°/ 0.5 227°/40.0 *21 33 22 20 22 26 32 32 30 29 19 12 9 11 10
0915-0928 227°/40.0 227°/20.0 *31 32 38 27 27 17 17 17 15 12 12 7 10 9 7
0928-0940 227°/20.0 227°/40.0 *17 20 22 22 24 20 19 15 15 14 11 10 12 9 8
0940-1006 227°/40.0 227°/ 0.5 *14 12 17 15 16 16 16 16 14 13 11 10 11 10 8
Conemaugh Plume 11 May 1971
0828-0845 327°/ 0.5 327°/28.0 *11 12 12
0845-0906 327°/28.0 327°/ 0.5 *12 12 10
Conemaugh Plume 15 May 1971
0649-0703 002°/ 4.0 002°/28.0 *5 4 5
0703-0721 353°/28.0 353°/ 0.5 *6 5 4
0734-0748 353°/ 0.5 353°/28.0 *11 15 16
0822-0833 353°/28.0 353°/10.0 *13 14 9
0840-0849 002°/10.0 002°/26.0 *0
0849-0910 0020/26.0 0020/ 0.5 *4
Conemaugh Plume 20 May 1971
1053-1106 0820/ 0.5 082"/26.0 *14
11 06-1121 0820/26.0 0820/ 0.5 *13
CClnemaugh Plume 19 October 1971
1017-1033 3100/ 0.5 3100/28.0 *6 6 ~
1033-1049. 3100/28.0 3100/ 0.5 *7 6
Conemaugh Plume 21 October 1971
0815-0831 3540/27.5 3540/ 0.5 *9 2
0842-0901 3580/ 0.5 3580/32.0 *0 2 4 5 6 2 0
0901-0914 3580/32.0 3580/10.0 *6 7 6 6 5 1 0
-------
Table 4. (continued) PEAK GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
EST
Begin
End
Distance downwind from plant, km
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Conemaugh Plume 5 November 1971
1022-1039 036°/ 0.5 036°130.0 *4 4 6 6 4
1039-1051 036°/30.0 036°/10.0 *9 4 6 5 3
11 03-1121 036°/ 0.5 036°130.0 *11 10 9 6 6
1121-1138 036°/30.0 036°/ 2.5 *5 9 5 6 6
Conemaugh Plume 6 November 1971
1039-1055 035°/ 0.5 035°/30.0 *5 5 7 6 7
1055-11 06 035°/30.0 035°110.0 *7 7 6 7 7
Conemaugh Plume 17 November 1971
1135-1153 0280/ 0.5 0280/34.0 *24 14 11 3 3 4 6 6 4
1153-1210 0280/34.0 0280/ 0.5 *22 19 11 4 4 6 6 5 6
1402-1417 0360/ 0.5 0360/30.0 *6 5 4 1 0
1417-1432 0360/30.0 0360/ 0.5 *8 4 0 1 0
1432-1451 0360/ 0.5 0360/34.0 *18 16 16 15 15 11 5 3 0
1451-1459 0360/34.0 0360/22.0 *25 25 15 15 15 9 1 1 0
1512-1521 0360/22.0 0360/38.0 *15 18 19 18 19 18 19 18 15 15 14 8 8
1521-1545 036°/38.0 036°/ 0.5 *18 20 22 21 21 20 21 18 18 13 9 9 8
0'>
-'
-------
Table 5.
EST
Origin
Dir
Distance, etc.
S02, pphm
*
162
INSTANTANEOUS GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER
Legend
: Time of beginning and end of each flight.
Location of rectangular origin in whole degrees of azimuth and
kilometers to nearest tenth from Conemaugh or Keystone stacks.
: +y indicates counterclockwise direction around stacks from
origin; -y indicates clockwise direction.
Cumulative distance across plume from origin in whole meters.
Thousands digit is not indicated.
Instantaneous S02 concentration per 6-second flight interval in
whole parts per hundred million by volume.
Indicates that S02 concentrations beyond 3353 meters are
continued on last page of table.
-------
Table 5. INSTANTANEOUS GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
Distance across plume, m
EST Origin Dir 0 134 268 402 536 671 805 939 073 207 341 475 609 743 877 012 146 280 414 548 682 816 950 084 218 353
Conemaugh Plume 21 Apri 1 1971
1002-1007 1090/16.0 +y 25 23 25 24 23 23 22 18 14 16 14 15 15 14 11 9 8 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 3*
-y 25 24 19 13 13 11 9 10 7 6 9 9 14 11 10 9 11 4 4 2 2 1 1 0
1017-1019 107°/10.0 +y 8 16 13 13 12 11 10 9 3 3 8 2 1 1 1 4 0
-y 8 12 6 4 3 3 2 0
1110-1111 107°/16.0 +y 0 1 3 4 1 0
1120-1126 089°/1 0.0 -y 14 13 13 14 14 13 13 14 15 16 18 17 14 9 10 10 9 8 6 8 9 9 8 7 2 2*
+y 14 14 14 16 18 18 19 19 20 16 22 11 11 11 10 9 8 7 8 8 9 9 8 7 6 6*
Conemaugh Plume 22 Apri 1 1971
0719-0720 099°/ 4.0 +y 10 5 3 0
-y 10 6 5 2 4 0
0758-0800 112°/16.0 +y 7 7 7 9 8 4 2 1 0
-y 7 5 5 5 4 4 2 9 2 2 5 0
0827-0828 099°/ 4.0 +y 7 6 1 0
-y 7 10 2 0
Conemaugh Plume 23 Apri 1 1971
0748-0751 122°/10.0 +y 23 18 23 21 18 19 21 24 15 14 13 11 8 6 5 5 5 5 3 0
-y 23 18 19 14 15 15 25 10 20 4 1 0
0801-0804 124°/16.0 -y 10 10 10 11 10 10 10 9 9 7 8 4 0
+y 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 7 5 4 4 4 5 3 0
1024-1026 113°/10.0 +y 5 3 4 3 3 2 0
-y 5 5 5 14 16 15 13 5 3 3 2 0
Conemaugh Plume 26 Apri 1 1971
0635-0636 0900/ 4.0 +y 1 1 2 3 2 0
-y 1 0
0745-0747 1080/10.0 +y 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 0
-y 5 6 6 6 4 3 3 2 1 0
0931-0933 1060/16.0 +y 6 6 6 3 0
-y 6 6 7 5 3 2 1 1 0
-' 0943-0945 108 ° /10 . 0 +y 5 6 4 4 3 4 6 4 4 4 2 0
0'\ -y 5 4 4 3 3 1 5 4 4 3 0
w
-------
m Table 5. (continued) INSTANTANEOUS GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
.j::>
Distance across plume, m
EST Origin Dir 0 134 268 402 536 671 805 939 073 207 341 475 609 743 877 012 146 280 414 548 682 816 950 084 218 353
Conemaugh Plume 26 Apri 1 1971 (continued)
0952-0953 102°/ 4.0 -y lC6 9 1 0
+y 106 38 9 0
Conemaugh Plume 28 April 1971
0627-0628 343°/ 4.0 +y 0
-y 3 2 0
Conemaugh Plume 4 r~ay 1971
0621-0622 0900/ 4.0 +y 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-y 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0718-0720 109°/10.0 -y 11 12 9 9 5 7 5 4 1 4 0
+y 11 7 6 6 6 7 5 5 4 3 0
0903-0904 1090/ 4.0 +y 2 4 5 4 3 1 0
-y 2 0 1 0
0915-0917 1010/10.0 +y 11 10 10 10 9 8 6 5 5 2 0 1 3 0
-y 11 10 10 10 10 11 12 7 6 7 2 1 0
0941-0945 1090/16.0 +y 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 6 6 5 5 5 3 3 2 1 1 1 0
-y 4 4 5 6 5 5 5 6 6 5 6 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3*
Conemaugh Plume 5 May 1971
0652-0654 038°/10.0 -y 16 12 9 4 3 1 0
+y 16 17 16 14 14 10 8 6 5 4 3 3 3 3 0
0843-0847 0470/22.0 +y 11 11 11 9 7 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 1 0
-y 11 10 10 10 9 9 9 8 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 2 0
Conemaugh Plume 7 May 1971
0641-0644 273°/12.0 -y 28 25 29 40 75 7 22 26 25 36 22 96 39 0
+y 28 17 7 7 5 4 4 6 7 3 1 1 10 3 8 3 0
0802-0806 2770/11.0 -y 0 0 1 1 2 4 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 5 1 1 0
+y 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 1 4 5 2 2 0
1102-1104 3130/ 4.0 +y 15 14 11 13 4 2 0
-y 15 10 10 8 4 3 3 2 2 0
-------
Table 5. (continued) INSTANTANEOUS GROUND--LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
Distance across plume, m
EST Origin Dir 0 134 268 402 536 671 805 939 073 207 341 475 609 743 877 012 146 280 414 548 682 816 950 084 218 353
Conemaugh Plume 10 May 1971
1028-1032 211°/ 4.0 -y 23 28 25 19 20 25 8 6 5 3 5 6 5 5 4 4 4 3 2 3 0
+y 23 11 16 18 14 9 9 8 5 4 5 3 3 1 0
Conemaugh Plume 11 May 1971
0725-0728 339°/16.0 +y 14 13 12 11 11 10 10 9 8 6 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 2 0
-y 14 15 16 14 15 14 14 13 13 10 9 8 7 4 3 2 1 0
0914-0916 327°/10.0 -y 25 33 20 19 30 16 8 9 10 11 10 14 10 8 5 4 0
+y 25 26 23 11 11 10 5 4 3 1 0
0924-0925 327°/ 4.0 -y 5 4 3 0
+y 5 5 5 3 0
Conemaugh Plume 14 May 1971
0644-0648 0470/22.0 -y 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 9 9 9 9 8 8 7 6 7 9 6 6 5 4 4 2 0
+y 11 12 11 11 13 13 12 11 10 9 9 6 5 3 2 1 1 0
0730-0734 0550/22.0 +y 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2*
0834-0836 066°/22.0 +y 3 3 4 4 3 4 2 2 1 1 0
-y 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 2 1 0
0848-0851 090°/10.0 +y 20 19 14 10 9 9 6 6 5 7 7 5 5 5 4 4 3 1 0
-y 20 21 23 20 21 15 11 8 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 2 0
0939-0940 0680/ 4.0 -y 15 6 1 0
+y 15 65 16 9 4 0
1001-1008 0820/ 7.5 -y 8 16 20 15 14 18 23 21 18 15 11 10 13 11 10 14 17 16 14 15 16 16 16 15 14 10*
+y 8 6 10 6 7 8 5 5 6 6 8 10 10 11 11 8 10 9 4 5 10 16 18 11 10 10*
Above ground-level flight was made through Conemaugh Gorge.
1236-1238 090° /10.0 +y 8 10 15 19 8 5 3 2 0
-y 8 9 9 8 8 7 8 5 5 4 4 4 3 0
Conemaugh Plume 15 May 1971
0626-0630 0020/10.0 +y 11 11 12 11 12 12 10 13 15 16 16 15 13 11 7 9 11 16 10 5 4 3 0
-y 11 14 21 21 22 24 17 19 19 28 24 20 25 10 9 9 7 7 6 4 0
0645-0648 0020/ 4.0 +y 11 9 7 6 9 8 10 7 5 3 3 0
-y 11 11 11 7 10 11 12 13 15 14 19 24 19 19
0836-0839 0020/10.0 +y 16 20 34 29 20 20 24 19 29 19 16 13 7 6 6 5 4 3 0
0"\ 16 15 14 15 18 15 11 10 9 8 6 6 5 4 0
U1 -y
-------
0'> Table 5. (continued) INSTANTANEOUS GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELIC~PTER, pphm
0'>
Dlstance across plume, m
EST Origin Dir 0 134 268 402 536 671 805 939 073 207 341 475 609 743 877 012 146 280 414 548 682 816 950 084 218 353
Conemaugh Plume 17 May 1971
0945-0946 087°/ 4.0 +y 12 14 5 6 11 6 0
-y 12 21 16 14 5 4 0
0957-1003 108°/10.0 +y 15 15 14 14 13 13 13 10 9 8 6 8 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 4 5*
-y 15 15 10 9 9 11 9 10 10 12 15 14 14 13 10 8 10 10 9 9 9 10 8 8 4 8*
Conemaugh Plume 19 May 1971
0643-0646 062°/22.0 +y 5 4 3 3 6 8 10 11 10 10 9 8 4 5 5 5 5 3 0
-y 5 5 6 8 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 13 8 6 7 5 0
Conemaugh Plume 20 May 1971
1016-1017 070°/ 4.0 +y 4 1 1 0
-y 4 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1043-1046 073°/10.0 -y 19 20 20 28 21 21 16 6 4 4 5 4 3 0
+y 19 16 24 16 16 17 20 20 19 15 6 5 4 1 0
Conemaugh Plume 18 October 1971
1012-1014 331°/10.0 +y 7 6 4 1 1 1 1 0
-y 7 6 6 6 6 3 3 1 0
1020-1022 313°/ 4.0 -y 9 5 3 2 1 1 0
+y 9 10 10 9 7 5 4 0
Conemaugh Plume 19 October 1971
0949-0951 3150/10.0 +y 15 15 14 9 12 9 7 5 3 4 3 0
-y 15 17 18 21 12 7 5 3 2 1 0
1000-1002 3100/16.0 -y 7 6 5 1 1 0
+y 7 8 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 2 0
1013-1014 3150/ 4.0 -y 16 16 4 3 2 0
+y 16 17 9 5 3 5 5 4 4 4 3 0
1332-1333 2860/ 4.0 -y 31 15 11 0
+y 31 49 5 4 4 2 2 3 2 0
1339-1342 2860/10.0 +y 5 5 6 5 6 4 3 2 4 1 0 1 1 0
-y 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 2 3 3 2 0
-------
Table 5. (continued) INSTANTANEOUS GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
Distance across plume, m
EST Origin Dir 0 134 268 402 536 671 805 939 073 207 341 475 609 743 877 012 146 280 414 548 682 816 950 084 218 353
Conemaugh Plume 19 October 1971 (continued)
1350-1352 286 ° /16 .0 -.1' 5 6 6 6 3 4 4 4 2 1 0
+.1' 5 5 6 6 7 8 5 5 3 4 4 3 2 0
Conemaugh Plume 20 October 1971
0659-0701 314°/10.0 +.1' 5 4 3 1 1 0
-.1' 5 5 6 5 5 5 4 2 2 1 0
0711-0713 314°/ 4.0 +.1' 16 15 17 10 10 9 9 9 7 5 5 5 0
-.1' 16 11 6 5 6 5 2 1 0
0920-0922 320°/10.0 -.1' 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 0
+y 8 8 -, 7 7 6 6 6 5 4 5 4 0
,
0928-0929 3080/ 4.0 -.1' 12 15 10 6 1 1 0
+.1' 12 9 10 16 21 7 9 5 4 0
0930-0931 3080/ 4.0 +.1' 8 5 4 4 4 1 0
-.1' 8 16 11 10 9 5 4 0
Conemaugh Plume 21 October 1971
0918-0921 358°/16.0 +.1' 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 7 6 5 6 6 8 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 9*
0921-0924 358°/16.0 +.1' 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 7 9 11 11 14 12 12 10 10 9 9 13 10 9*
0928-0930 338°/10.0 -.1' 10 11 7 7 6 7 7 11 10 10 9 9 6 4 4 1 3 1 0
-+.1' 10 19 16 8 1 0
Conemaugh Plume 22 October 1971
0759-0801 360°/10.0 +.1' 9 7 5 1 1 0
-.1' 9 9 7 6 6 7 6 4 4 2 0
0925-0927 360°/10.0 -y 5 7 5 5 2 2 2 1 0
+.1' 5 5 4 4 6 6 7 7 7 6 4 2 0
0936-0937 0150/ 4.0 +.1' 4 17 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 1 1 0
0937-0938 0150/ 4.0 +.1' 4 35 56 9 1 1 2 1 2 4
0938-0940 0150/ 4.0 +.1' 2 0 1 1 2 1 4 3 1 0
-.1' 2 15 17 27 20 7 9 2 1 0
1000-1001 0150/ 4.0 +.1' 3 6 1 0
-.1' 3 2 5 6 2 1 0 1 0
0'> 1011-1013 3600/10.0 -.1' 12 10 7 7 6 5 2 1 0
'-.J +.1' 12 11 10 12 7 9 4 2 2 0
-------
0"1
co Table 5. (continued) INSTANTANEOUS GROUND-.LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
Distance across plume, m
EST Od gi n Dir 0 134 268 402 536 671 805 939 073 207 341 475 609 743 877 012 146 280 414 548 682 816 950 084 218 353
Conemaugh Plume 2 November 1971
0722-0723 045°1 4.0 -y 0 0 0 0 0
+y 0 0 0 0 0 0
0737-0739 050°/22.0 +y 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
-y 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 0
Conemaugh Plume 3 November 1971
0956-0957 06201 4.0 -y 1 0
+y 1 35 11 4 4 2 1 0
1007-1012 0810110.0 +y 2 4 4 2 2 3 5 5 6 12 25 21 20 25 15 17 12 12 9 9 9 9 10 9 4 4*
-y 2 4 3 5 3 5 5 10 15 22 17 19 16 17 16 15 9 5 4 4 4 4
1237 -1238 081 ° 1 4.0 +y 46 0
-y 46 8 1 1 3 1 1 0
1249-1251 090°/10.0 +y 6 5 1 1 1 1 3 0
-y 6 6 18 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 0
1324-1325 081 ° 1 4.0 -y 3 0
+y 3 2 0
Conemaugh Plume 4 November 1971
0748-0749 092°1 4.0 -y 1 1 0
+y 1 1 1 0
0755-0756 092°/10.0 +y 5 4 0
-y 5 6 6 6 5 5 4 0
Conemaugh Plume 5 November 1971
1053-1055 0300/10.0 -y 14 15 11 9 5 2 1 1 0
+y 14 15 18 17 15 9 6 2 3 4 4 4 5 5 0
Conemaugh Plume 6 November 1971
0803-0806 0220/10.0 -y 6 5 5 5 4 5 1 1 0
+y 6 6 7 10 8 6 5 6 6 7 7 5 6 3 4 4 4 2 2 0
1012-1014 0350/16.0 +y 11 9 7 10 9 8 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 2 0
-y 11 7 6 2 2 2 4 0
-------
Table 5. (continued) INSTANTANEOUS GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER, pphm
Distance across plume, m
EST Origin Dir 0 134 268 402 536 671 805 939 073 207 341 475 609 743 877 012 146 280 414 548 682 816 950 084 218 353
Conemaugh Plume 6 November 1971 (conti nued)
1106-1107 032° /10.0 -y 4 6 9 9 15 22 26 11 6 2 2 0
11 08- 1110 032°/10 ,0 -y 15 1 1 1 0
+y 15 11 10 8 6 7 6 6 5 4 4 4 2 0
1141-1142 040°/ 4.0 -y 20 17 7 12 4 4 4 5
+y 20 11 5 3 0
Conemaugh Plume 9 November 1971
0818-0821 348"/10.0 -y 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 5 6 5 5 4 5 7 7 3 2 0
+y 3 4 5 5 4 3 1 1 0
1007-1009 348° /16.0 -y 6 5 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 0
+y 6 6 6 6 7 7 6 6 4 .j 1 0
1020-1022 348"/ 4.0 +y 3 4 4 2 5 1 1 2 1 0
-y ? 2 3 12 15 12 2 2 1 0
....
1044-1046 355°/10.0 -y 4 4 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0
+y 4 5 6 6 6 6 3 3 2 1 0
Conemaugh Plume 12 November 1971
0837-0839 0660/16.0 +y 8 9 8 6 5 4 4 3 2 1 0
-y 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 5 3 0
1048-1050 0770/16.0 +y 16 14 13 8 3 1 1 1 0
-y 16 16 18 15 16 9 8 5 3 2 0
1056-1058 0770/10.0 +j 3 4 3 2 1 1 1 0
-y 3 4 6 11 11 9 5 3 0
Conemdugh Plume 13 November 1971
0830-0832 0970/10.0 -y 5 5 8 8 8 7 6 7 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 7 5 3 0
+y 5 4 4 4 3 1 0
Keystone Plume 16 November 1971
1213-1214 1780/16.0 +y 1 0
--' -y 0
0"1
I.D
-------
.....,
a
Table 5. (continued)
INSTANTANEOUS GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER. pphm
Distance across plume. m
EST Origin Di r 0 134 268 402 536 671 805 939 073 207 341 475 609 743 877 012 146 280 414 548 682 816 950 084 218 353
Conemaugh Plume 17 November 1971
0759-0802 352°/10.0 -y 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 0
+y 1 1 1 6 6 2 2 2 2
0828-0829 068°/10.0 -y 1 1 1 0
+y 1 2 1 1 0 1 0
1107-1109 022°/10.0 +y 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 0
-y 2 2 1 1 1 1 0
1337-1342 0360/10.0 +y 11 14 14 13 8 9 10 11 9 6 6 6 6 7 7 6 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 3'"
-y 11 12 11 11 10 10 11 11 11 11 10 11 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 0
1502-1509 036°/22.0 +y 25 29 29 30 29 28 29 26 20 21 25 18 19 18 6 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 3 3*
-y 25 29 21 16 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 13 14 13 13 12 10 6 4 5*
-------
Table 5. (continued)
INSTANTANEOUS GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - HELICOPTER. pphm
Distance across plume. m
EST Origin Dir 487 621 755 889 023 157 291 4~5 559 694 828 962 096 230 364 498 632 766 900 035 169 303 437 571 705 839
Conemaugh Plume 21 April 1971
1002-1007 109°/16.0 +y *1 0
1120-1126 089°/10.0 -y *0
+y *7 5 5 4 0
Conemaugh Plume 4 May 1971
0941-0945 109°/16.0 -y *2 0
Conemaugh Plume 14 May 1971
0730-0734 055°/22.0 +y *1 1 1 0
1001-1008 082°/ 7.5 -y *5 4 3 4 4 6 4 5 6
+y *9 8 8 9 8 8 3 2 1 1
Above ground-level flight was made through Conemaugh Gorge
Conemaugh Plume 17 May 1971
0957-1003 108°/10.0 +y *5 4 4 4 3 0
-y *8 3 4 4 3 3 0
Conemaugh Plume 21 October 1971
0918-0921 358°/16.0 +y *7 6 6 11 15 11 7 8 9 7 3 0
0921-0924 358°/16.0 +y *9 7 5 3 1 0
Conemaugh Plume 3 November 1971
1007-1012 081°/10.0 +y *2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
Conemaugh Plume 17 Nov€mber 1971
1337-1342 036°/10.0 +y *4 1 2 0
1502-1509 036°/22.0 +y *4 3 2 3 3 2 1 0
-y *4 3 3 3 3 3 2 0
.....
-....J
.....
-------
GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - BUBBLERS
The ground-level S02 concentrations measured by portable bubblers are summa-
rized in Table 7. Data are arranged by series day with each bubbler heading con-
taining its identification, coordinates, and height above or below the source
generating station's stack-base elevation. Also included in the heading is a
three-letter code describing the terrain, vegetation, and ground cover in the vicin-
ity of the sampling site. Descriptions corresponding to this code are presented in
Table 6.
Due to occasional bubbler malfunctions, some sampling periods may be shorter
or longer than 30 minutes; this was considered in the reduction, and actual sampling
times are listed as such. Caution should be exercised in interpreting the bubbler
concentrations since no compensation was made for background S02 levels.
Table 6.
BUBBLER SITE DESCRIPTION
Terrain
A - Ridgetop perpendicular to plume
B - Hillside perpendicular to plume
windward side
C - Hillside perpendicular to plume - leeward side
D - Valley floor perpendicular to plume
E Ridgetop parallel to plume
F Hillside parallel to plume
G Valley floor parallel to plume
H Flatland
Ground Cover
M
N
Clear
no trees
Trees overhead with leaves
o
p
Trees over~ead without leaves
Tall grass or bushes
more than 8 inches high
Q - Short grass
less than 8 inches high
R - Dirt or sand
S - Rocks
T
Snow
172
-------
Table 7.
Bubbler heading
EST
pphm
AVERAGE GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS
BUBBLERS
Legend
1. Individual bubbler identification.
2. Height of bubbler sampling site above or below Conemaugh
stack base elevation (SBE) in whole meters.
3. Description of terrain, vegetation, and ground-cover in
vicinity of sampling site.
4. Location of bubbler in whole degrees of azimuth and kilo-
meters to nearest tenth from Conemaugh stacks.
Time of beginning and end of each sample.
Average S02 concentration during sampling period in whole parts
per hundred million by volume.
Missing data.
173
-------
--'
'-I
.j::>
Table 7. AVERAGE GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - BUBBLERS
Conemaugh Plume 21 April 1 971
G-20 5 SBE G-25 65 SBE G-6 135 SBE G-27 175 SBE G-l 60 SBE G-16 185 SBE G-36 325 SBE G-25 220 SBE G-26 60 SBE G-8 80 SBE
GMQ 343/0.8 CMQ 103/9.1 COQ 117/9.6 AMQ 102/12.0 CMQ 096/11.4 BOQ 085/11. 8 EMQ 078/12.5 FMQ 090/13.7 CMQ 086/7.6 CMQ 090/3.3
EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0850-20 0 0910-40 7 0923-53 4 0941-11 9 0954-24 6 1003-33 10 1010-40 4 1031-01 2 1056-26 10 1110-40 4
0920-50 6 0940-10 4 0953-23 5 1011-41 6 1024-54 4 1033-03 5 1040-10 0 11 01-31 0 1126-56 0 1140-10 4
0950-20 6 1010-40 6 1023-53 2 1041-11 4 1054-24 2 11 03- 33 13 1ll0-40 1 1131-01 7 1156-26 3 1210-40 2
1020-50 3 1040-10 4 1053-23 1 1111-41 4 1124-54 8 1133-03 7 1140-10 0 1201-31 0 1226-56 2 1240-10 1
1050-20 0 1110-40 11 1123-53 0 1141-11 0 1154-24 4 1203-33 6 1210-40 0 1231-01 0 1256-26 0 1310-40 0
1120-50 0 1140-10 0 1153-23 2 1211-41 10 1224-54 2 1233-03 4 1240-10 0 1301-31 0 1326-56 3 i340-10 0
Conemau9h Plume 23 Apri 1 1971
G-8 65 SBE G-16 135 SBE G-26 175 SBE G-36 130 SBE G-6 195 SBE G-l 140 SBE G-35 175 SBE G-20 155 SBE G-25 145 SBE G-27 5 SBE
CMQ 103/9,1 COQ 117/9.6 FMR 123/8.9 COQ 129/9.7 AMQ 122/10.7 AMQ 118/11.8 CMQ 124/13.5 BOR 105/3.5 BMQ 121/2.8 GMQ 343/0.8
EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~-
0843-13 2 0857-27 10 0918-48 0 0927-57 1 0941-11 0 0958-28 1 1016-46 0 1053-23 0 11 02-32 0 1116-46 2
0913-43 2 0927-57 5 0948-18 0 0957-27 2 1011-41 0 1028-58 3 1046-16 0 1123-53 0 1132-02 0 1146-16 3
0943-13 2 0957-27 3 1018-48 2 1027-57 2 1041-11 1 1058-28 2 1116-46 2 1153-23 14 1202-32 0 1216-46 0
1013-43 0 1027-57 3 1048-18 0 1057-27 1 1111-41 2 1128-58 4 1146-16 2 1223-53 8 1232-02 0 1246-16 0
1043-13 0 1057-27 3 1118-48 0 1127-57 3 1141-11 5 1158-28 4 1216-46 0 1253-23 6 1302-32 0 1316-46 1
1113-43 0 1127 -57 6 1148-18 3 1157-27 3 1211-41 5 1228-58 3 1246-16 2 1323-53 10 1332-02 0 1346-16 1
Conemau9h Plume 24 Apri 1 1971
G-16 240 SBE G-8 250 SBE G-26 250 SBE G-6 260 SBE
EMQ 022/22.4 EMQ 031/22.2 EMQ 032/24.0 EMQ 032/27.4
EST pphm EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0828-58 0 0835-05 1 0845-15 0 0858-28
0858-28 0 0905-35 2 0915-45 1 0928-58
-------
Table 7. (continued) AVERAGE GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - BUBBLERS
Conemaugh Plume 26 April 1971
G-36 185 SSE G-20 60 SSE G-35 175 SSE G-27 220 SSE G-l 135 SSE G-26 65 SSE G-8 60 SSE G-6 40 SSE G-25 80 SSE G-16 155 SSE
SOQ 085/11.8 CMQ 096/11.4 AMQ 102/12.0 FMQ 090/13.7 COQ 117/9.6 CMQ 103/9.1 ~L086/7 .6 CMQ 077/3.3 COQ 090/3.3 SOR 105/3.3
EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0750-20 2 0758-28 0 0807-37 4 0817-47 1 0842-12 1 0852-22 3 0900-30 3 0913-43 2 0918-48 1 0925-55 5
0820-50 0 0828-58 4 0837-07 0 0847-17 0 0912-42 1 0922-52 2 0930-00 2 0943-13 1 0948-18 0 0955-25 4
0850-20 0 0858-28 3 0907-37 2 0917-47 0 0942-12 0 0952-22 2 1000-30 1 1013-43 1 1018-48 0 1025-55 4
0920-50 0 0928-58 1 0937-07 4 0947-17 0 1012-42 0 1022-52 0 1030-00 2 1043-13 0 1048-18 0 1055-25 2
0950-20 0 0958-28 0 1007-37 0 1017-47 1 1042-12 0 1052-22 1 1100-30 0 1113-43 0 1118-48 0 1125-55 0
1020-50 0 1028-58 0 1037 -07 2 1047-17 0 1112-42 0 1122-52 1 1130-00 1 1143-13 0 1148- 18 0 1155-25 1
Conemaugh Plume 28 Apr; 1 1971
G-36 5 SSE G-35 25 SSE G-8 40 SSE G-16 125 SSE G-27 190 SSE G-26 35 SSE G-6 220 SBE G-l 190 SSE G-20 235 SSE G-25 215 SSE
GMQ 343/0.8 GMQ 345/1.6 SMQ 346/2.1 EMQ 353/3.4 EMQ 356/6.1 SMQ 01013.6 ~48/7 .3 AMO 359/7.4 EMQ 353/9,2 SMQ 003/9.8
EST .0!!J!!! EST .0!!J!!! EST .0!!J!!! EST .0!!J!!! EST ~ EST £P.!!!!1. EST ~ EST .0!!J!!! EST EE!!!I! EST .0!!J!!!
0745-15 0 0750-20 0 0755-25 0 0803-33 0 0812-42 0 0822-52 0 0835-05 0 0844-14 0 0854-24 0 0903-33 0
0815-45 0 0820-50 0 0825-55 0 0833-03 0 0842-12 0 0852-22 0 0905-35 0 0914-44 0 0924-54 0 0933-03 0
0845-15 0 0850-20 0 0855-25 0 0903-33 0 0912-42 0 0922-52 0 0935-05 0 0944-14 0 0954-24 0 1003-33 0
0915-45 0 0920-50 0 0925-55 0 0933-03 0 0942-12 0 0952-22 0 1005-35 0 1014-44 0 1024-54 0 1033-03 0
Conemaugh Plume 29 Apr; 1 1971
G-20 185 SSE G-36 195 SSE G-26 60 SSE G-35 175 SSE G-16 220 SSE G-8 65 SSE G-6 60 SSE G-l 40 SSE G-27 80 SSE G-25 155 SSE
SOQ 085/11.8 FOQ 090/11.0 CMQ 096/11.4 AMQ 102/12.0 FMQ 090/13.7 CMQ 103/9.1 CMQ 086/7.6 CMQ 077/3.3 COQ 090/3.3 SOR 105/3.5
EST .0!!J!!! EST ~ EST .0!!J!!! EST ~ EST .0!!J!!! EST ~ EST pphm EST pphl11 EST ~ EST ~
0801-31 0 0819-49 0 0830-00 0 0840-10 2 0848-18 0 0907-37 0 0915-45 0 0927-57 0 0933-03 0 0940-10 0
0831-01 0 0849-19 0 0900-30 0 0910-40 2 0918-48 0 0937-07 1 0945-15 2 0957-27 0 1003-33 0 1010-40 0
0901-31 0 0919-49 0 0930-00 0 0940-10 1 0948-18 0 1007-37 0 1015-45 1 1027-57 0 1033-03 0 1040-10 0
0931-01 0 0949-19 0 1000-30 0 1010-40 0 1018-48 0 1037-07 1 1045-15 1 1057-27 0 1103-33 1 III 0-40 0
1001-31 0 1019-49 0 1030-00 0 1040-10 1 1048-18 0 1107-37 2 1115-45 0 1127-57 0 1133-03 0 1140- 10 0
1031-01 0 1049-19 0 11 00-30 1 1110-40 1 1118-48 0 1137-07 2 1145-15 0 1157-27 0 1203-33 0 1210-40 0
-.....
C.11
-------
"-J
m
Table 7. (continued) AVERAGE GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - BUBBLERS
Conemaugh Plume 4 May 1971
G-20 195 SBE G-26 60 SBE G-27 175 SBE G-35 220 SBE G-36 135 SBE G-6 175 SBE G-l 140 SBE G-25 65 SBE G-16 40 SBE G-8 155 SBE
FOQ 090/11.0 CMQ 096/11.4 AMQ 102/12.0 FMQ 090/13.7 COQ 117/9 . 6 FMR 123/8.9 AMQ 11 8/11 .8 CMQ 103/9.1 CMQ 077/3.3 BOR 105/3.5
EST £2!!r!! EST £2!!r!! EST £2!!r!! EST £2!!r!! EST £2!!r!! EST £2!!r!! EST £2!!r!! EST £2!!r!! EST £2!!r!! EST ~
0758-28 0 0808-38 2 0818-48 2 0827-57 3 0852-22 0 0902- 0922-52 0 0937-07 0 0953-23 0 1003-33 1
0828-58 1 0838-08 5 0848-18 2 0857-27 2 0922-52 0 1202 2 0952-22 1 1007-37 0 1023-53 0 1033-03 2
0858-28 5 0908-38 6 0918-48 4 0927-57 2 0952-22 0 1022-52 0 1037-07 0 1053-23 0 1103-33 0
0928-58 0 0938-08 0 0948-18 0 0957-27 0 1022-52 0 1052-22 0 11 07-37 0 1123-53 0 1133-03 9
0958-28 0 1008-38 0 1018-48 0 1027 -57 0 1052-22 0 1122-52 0 1137 -07 0 1153-23 0 1203-33 8
1028-58 0 1038-08 1 1048-18 0 1057-27 0 1122-52 0 1152-22 0 1207-37 0 1223-53 0 1233-03 4
Conemaugh Plume 5 May 1971
G-26 190 SBE G-20 185 SBE G-35 240 SBE G-27 250 SBE G-6 250 SBE G-8 210 SBE G-16 185 SBE G-25 285 SBE G-36 335 SBE G-l 390 SBE
FMQ 018/22.1 BMQ 107/19.8 EMQ 022/22.4 EMQ 031/22.2 EMQ 032/24.0 AMQ 037/21.7 EOQ 043/21.6 AMQ 050/23.0 CMQ 054/24.3 BMR 057/25.9
EST £2!!r!! EST £2!!r!! EST ~ EST pphm EST pphm EST pphm EST pphm EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0725-55 0 0733-03 0 0742-12 0 0748-18 0 0755-25 2 0807-37 2 0813-43 3 0825-55 0 0831-01 1 0840-10 0
0755-25 0 0803-33 0 0812-42 0 0818-48 0 0825-55 2 0837-07 1 0843-13 2 0855-25 1 0901-31 3 0910-40 2
0825-55 0 0833-03 1 0842-12 1 0848-18 1 0855-25 2 0907-37 0 0913-43 1 0925-55 0 0931-01 1 0940-10 1
0855-25 0 0903-33 0 0912-42 0 0918-48 0 0925-55 0 0937-07 0 0943-13 0 0955-25 0 1001-31 0 1010-40 0
0925-55 1 0933-03 0 0942-12 1 0948-18 0 0955-25 0 1007-37 0 1013-43 1 1025-55 0 1031-01 0 1040-10 0
0955-25 3 1003-33 0 1012-42 1 1018-48 0 1025-55 0 1037-07 0 1043-13 0 1055-25 0 11 01-31 0 III 0-40 0
Conemaugh Plume 7 May 1971
G-26 10 SBE G-35 10 SBE G-20 5 SBE G-36 5 SBE G-l 15 SBE G-25 20 SBE G-27 10 SBE G-6 10 SBE G-8 10 SBE G-16 -30 SBE
AMQ 270/17.1 FMQ 266/17.8 DMQ 260/18.3 DMQ 256/20.4 CMQ 258/22.6 AMQ 255/25.1 AMQ 306/16.1 BMQ 298/16.8 CMQ 293/18.3 GMQ 296/20.4
EST ~ EST ~ EST £2!!r!! EST ~ EST £2!!r!! EST £2!!r!! EST £2!!r!! EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0806-36 0 0814-44 0 0824-54 0 0831- 0856-26 0 0907-37 0 0953-23 0 1000-30 1 1010-40 4 1018-48 1
0836-06 0 0844-14 0 0854-24 0 1131 0 0926-56 0 0937-07 0 1023-53 1 1030-00 6 1 040- 1 0 2 1 048- 1 8 1
0906-36 0 0914-44 0 0924-54 0 0956-26 0 1007-37 0 1053-23 4 1100-30 3 1110-40 0 1118-48 0
0936-06 0 0944- 14 0 0954-24 0 1026-56 0 1037-07 0 1123-53 0 1130-00 0 1140-10 0 1148-18 0
1006-36 0 1014-44 0 1024-54 0 1056-26 0 1107-37 0 1153-23 1 1200-30 0 1210-40 0 1218-48 0
1036-06 0 1044-14 0 1054-24 0 1126-56 0 1137-07 0 1223-53 1 1230-00 0 1240-10 0 1 248- 1 8 0
-------
Table 7. (continued) AVERAGE GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - BUBBLERS
Conemaugh Plume 10 May 1971
G-l 1 5 SBE G-36 25 SBE G-26 35 SBE G-27 105 SBE G-20 65 SBE G-35 85 SBE G-16 135 SBE G-25 30 SBE G-8 60 SBE G-6 145 SBE
DMQ 233/5.3 GMQ 235/8.6 GMQ 232/11.7 FMQ 237/15.5 CMQ 229/16.5 CMQ 224/14.5 BMQ 219/12.5 DMQ 219/9.4 DMQ 208/9.5 EMQ 213/7.4
EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!.
0758-28 0 0807-37 0 0815-45 0 0834-04 0 0843-13 0 0853-23 2 0902-32 0 0917-47 0 0927-57 2 0929-59 9
0828-58 1 0837-07 2 0845-15 1 0904-34 0 0913-43 13 0923-53 3 0932-02 5 0947-17 3 0957-27 11 0959-29 8
0858-28 0 0907-37 1 0915-45 0 0934-04 0 0943-13 5 0953-23 2 1002-32 3 1017-47 0 1027-57 4 1029-59 5
0928-58 2 0937-07 0 0945-15 0 1004-34 0 1013-43 0 1023-53 0 1032-02 0 1047-17 0 1057-27 2 1059-29 0
0958-28 2 1007 -37 1 1015-45 0 1034-04 0 1043-13 0 1053-23 0 11 02-32 0 1117-47 0 1127-57 2 1129-59 0
1028-58 0 1037-07 0 1045-15 0 11 04-34 0 1113-43 1123-53 0 1132 -02 0 1147-17 0 1157-27 0 1159-29 0
Conemaugh Plume 11 May 1971
G-36 -10 SBE G-l -10 SBE G-27 -5 SBE G-25 -20 SBE G-35 125 SBE G-16 160 SBE G-20 220 SBE G-8 105 SBE G-6 140 SBE G-26 85 SBE
BMQ 328/18.3 DMQ 326/16.3 CMQ 331/17.2 DMQ 320/15.9 FMQ 330/14.7 BMQ 322/8.5 AMQ 328/6.3 CMQ 316/6.8 BMQ 326/3.8 EMQ 324/1.4
EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!.
0732-02 3 0743-13 0 0750-20 2 0803-33 0 0810-40 6 0840-10 5 0845-15 0 0853-23 0 0904-34 3 0912-42 0
0802-32 12 0813-43 3 0820-50 7 0833-03 0 0840-10 14 0910-40 2 0915-45 5 0923-53 0 0934-04 3 0942-12 0
0832-02 2 0843-13 5 0850-20 14 0903-33 0 0910-40 8 0940-10 0 0945-15 0 0953-23 0 1004-34 7 1012-42 0
0902-32 0 0913-43 1 0920-50 1 0933-03 0 0940-10 0 1010-40 0 1015-45 0 1023-53 0 1034-04 0 1042-12 0
0932-02 0 0943-13 0 0950-20 0 1003-33 0 1010-40 0 1040-10 0 1045-15 0 1053-23 0 11 04-34 0 1112-42 0
1002-32 0 1013-43 0 1020-50 0 1033-03 0 1040-10 0 1110-40 0 1115-45 0 1123- 53 0 1134-04 0 1142-12 0
Conemaugh Plume 15 May 1971
G-36 100 SBE G-20 140 SBE G-25 215 SBE G-27 190 SBE G-l 1 55 SBE G-16 145 SBE G-26 120 SBE G-8 35 SBE G-6 125 SBE G-35 5 SBE
EMQ 360/16.2 AMQ 004/14.1 BMQ 003/9.8 AMQ 359/7.4 AMQ 014/7.9 BMQ 028/9.0 FMQ 007/11.6 B/1Q 010/3.6 EMQ 353/3.4 GMQ 343/0.8
EST pphm EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST p£!:!!!!. EST ~ EST pphm EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0722-52 1 0728-58 1 0741-11 0 0753-23 3 0801-31 1 0805-35 0 0815-45 0 0833-03 2 0843-13 4 0852-22 0
0752-22 4 0758-28 4 0811-41 3 0823-53 3 0831-01 2 0835-05 2 0845-15 2 0903-33 4 0913-43 6 0922-52 3
0822-52 7 0828-58 7 0841-11 6 0853-23 14 0901-31 0 0905-35 0 0915-45 2 0933-03 1 0943-13 5 0952-22 4
0852-22 1 0858-28 1 0911-41 4 0923-53 4 0931-01 1 0935-05 0 0945- 15 0 1003-33 4 101 3-43 4 1022-52 0
0922-52 4 0928-58 4 0941-11 4 0953-23 5 1001-31 0 1005-35 0 1015-45 2 1033-03 4 1043-13 9 1052-22 0
0952-22 5 0958-28 7 1011-41 4 1023-53 4 1031-01 0 1035-05 1 1045-15 3 11 03-33 1 1113-43 9 1122-52 0
-...J
-...J
-------
........
co
Table 7. (continued) AVERAGE GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - BUBBLERS
Conemaugh Plume 19 May 1971
G-36 285 SBE G-27 335 SBE G-26 390 SBE G-20 370 SBE G-16 300 SBE G-6 280 SBE G-8 305 SBE G-35 430 SBE G-25 330 SBE G-l 160 SBE
AMQ 050/23.0 CMQ 054/24.3 BMR 057/25.9 ENQ 061/26.9 FMQ 064/28.1 AMQ 071/21.6 BMQ 066/18.6 BMQ 066/14.5 CMQ 059/15.7 FMQ 053/18.8
EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0731-01 0 0735-05 1 0740-10 0745-15 0 0752-22 1 0812-42 2 0821-51 1 0829-59 4 0838-08 0 0850-20 0
0801-31 3 0805-35 0 0810-40 4 0815-45 5 0822-52 2 0842-12 5 0851-21 3 0859-29 0 0908-38 0 0920-50 2
0831-01 4 0835-05 5 0840-10 4 0845-15 4 0852-22 3 0912-42 5 0921-51 1 0929-59 2 0938-08 3 0950-20 2
0901-31 1 0905-35 1 0910-40 0 0915-45 1 0922-52 1 0942-12 1 0951-21 1 0959-29 0 1008-38 0 1020-50 1
0931-01 4 0935-05 4 0940-10 0 0945-15 1 0952-22 1 1012-42 0 1021-51 1 1029-59 0 1038-08 0 1050-20 0
1001-31 3 1005-35 1 1010-40 0 1015-45 0 1022-52 1 1042-12 0 1051-21 1 1059-29 0 11 08-38 0 1120-50 1
Conemaugh Plume 20 May 1971
G-36 145 SBE G-26 60 SBE G-20 160 SBE G-8 155 SBE G-27 80 SBE G-6 40 SBE G-25 10 SBE G-35 60 SBE
EMQ 213/7.4 OMQ 208/9.5 BMQ 206/12.8 BNR 105/3.5 COQ 090/3.3 CMQ 077/3.3 GMQ 054/4.1 CMQ 067/6.7
EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0855-25 0 0910-40 0 0918-48 0 1007-37 0 1015-45 4 1020-50 6 1030-00 0 1040-10 3
0925-55 0 0940-10 0 0948- 18 0 1037-07 1 1045-15 1 1050-20 7 1100-30 111 0-40 0
0955-25 0 1010-40 2 1018-48 1 1107-37 3 1115-45 14 1120-50 10 1130-00 4 1140-10 6
1025-55 0 1040-10 0 1048-18 0 1137 -07 2 1145-15 6 1150-20 4 1200-30 6 1210-40 4
1055-25 0 III 0-40 0 1118-48 0 1207-37 2 1215-45 0 1220-50 1 1230-00 13 1240-10 0
1125-55 1 1140-10 0 1148-18 0 1237-07 1 1245-15 0 1250-20 0 1300-30 16 1310-40 1
Conemaugh Plume 18 October 1971
G-l -5 SBE G-8 -10 SBE G-36 -10 SBE G-35 205 SBE G-26 160 SBE G-25 220 SBE G-6 105 SBE G-27 140 SBE G-16 90 SBE G-20 85 SBE
CMQ 331/17.2 DMQ 326/16.3 BMQ 328/18.3 AMQ 332/7.8 BMQ 322/8.5 AMQ 328/6.3 CMQ 316/6.8 BMQ 326/3.8 EMQ 331/2.3 EMQ 324/1.4
EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0751-21 0 0756-26 0 0803-33 0 0834-04 0840-10 1 0847-17 0 0855-25 ~ 0903-33 0 0909-39 0 0916-46 0
0821-51 0 0826-56 0 0833-03 0 0904-34 0 0910-40 1 0917-47 0 0925-55 1 0933-03 0 0939-09 0 0946-16 0
0851-21 0 0856-26 1 0903-33 0 0934-04 0 0940-10 3 0947-17 0 0955-25 1 1003-33 2 1009-39 0 1016-46 1
0921-51 0 0926-56 1 0933-03 0 1004-34 0 1010-40 2 1017 -47 0 1025-55 5 1033-03 0 1039-09 0 1046-16
0951-21 0 0956-26 2 1003-33 0 1034-04 0 1040-10 1 1047-17 0 1055-25 8 11 03-33 0 1109-39 0 1116-46 0
1021-51 0 1026-56 1 1033-03 1 1104-34 0 111 0-40 4 1117-47 0 1125-55 7 1133-03 1 1139-09 0 1146-16 4
-------
Table 7. (continued) AVERAGE GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - BUBBLERS
Conemaugh Plume 19 October 1971
6-35 -5 SSE 6-36 -10 SSE 6-27 125 SSE 6-25 -20 SSE 6-8 -20 SSE 6-6 225 SSE 6-20 160 SSE 6-16 105 SSE 6-1 135 SSE 6-26 80 SSE
CMQ 331/17.2 OMQ 326/16.3 FMQ 330/14.7 DMQ 320/15.9 DMS 314/15.9 AMR 310/10.8 SMQ 322/8.5 CMQ 316/6.8 CMQ 313/4.0 AMQ 311/1.9
EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!!
0909-39 0 0916-46 0 0926-56 0 0933-03 0 0939-09 0 0956-26 10 1007-37 5 1013-43 3 1020-50 1 1031-01 0
0939-09 0 0946-16 0 0956-26 0 1003-33 0 1009-39 7 1026-56 15 1037-07 0 1043-13 8 1050-20 1 1101-31 0
1009-39 0 1016-46 0 1026-56 0 1033-03 0 1039-09 12 1056-26 19 1107-37 3 1113-43 9 1120-50 2 1131 -01 1
1039-09 0 1046-16 0 1056-26 1 1103-33 0 11 09-39 11 1126-56 12 1137-07 2 1143-13 4 1150-20 0 1201-31 3
1109-39 0 1116-46 1 1126-56 0 1133-03 0 1139-09 11 1156-26 6 1207-37 1 1213-43 2 1220-50 0 1231-01 0
1139-09 0 1146-16 1 1156-26 0 1203-33 0 1209-39 5 1226-56 3 1237-07 1 1243-13 0 1250-20 0 1301-31 0
Conemaugh Plume 20 October 1971
6-16 5 SSE 6-36 25 SSE 6-27 80 SSE 6-26 85 SSE 6-25 90 SSE 6-8 140 SSE 6-35 135 SSE 6-6 105 SSE 6-1 160 SSE 6-20 225 SSE
6MQ 343/0.8 6MQ 345/1.6 AMQ 311/1.9 EMQ 324/1.4 EMQ 331/2.3 SMQ 326/3.8 CMQ 313/4.0 CMQ 316/6.8 SMQ 322/8.5 AMR 310/10.8
EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST cphm EST E2h!!!
0816-46 0 0820-50 0 0831-01 4 0844-14 5 0851-21 0 0858-28 2 0902-32 0 0911-41 4 0917-47 0 0929-59 3
0846-16 0 0850-20 0 0901-31 5 0914-44 4 0921-51 0 0928-58 0 0932-02 0 0941 -11 4 0947-17 0 0959-29 3
0916-46 0 0920-50 0 0931-01 0 0944-14 0 0951-21 0 0958-28 0 1002-32 0 1011-41 4 1017-47 0 1029-59 3
0946-16 0 0959-20 0 1001-31 3 1014-44 0 1021-51 0 1028-58 0 1032-02 0 1 041 - 11 2 1047-17 0 1059-29 1
1016-46 0 1020-50 0 1031-01 0 1044-14 0 1051-21 0 1058-28 0 11 02-32 0 1111-41 5 1117-47 0 1129-59 1
1046-16 0 1050-20 0 11 01-31 0 1114-44 0 1121-51 0 1128-58 0 1132 -02 0 1141-11 6 1147-17 0 1159-29 1
Conemaugh Plume 21 October 1971
6-27 160 SSE 6-36 200 SSE 6-26 85 SSE 6-25 130 SSE 6-8 11 0 SSE 6-20 155 SSE 6-35 100 SSE 6-1 130 SSE 6-6 135 SSE
SMQ 357/24.9 SOQ 001/24.6 SMQ 004/22.2 SMQ 008/18. 3 EMQ 004/19.1 6MQ 356/19.6 EMQ 360/16.2 SMR 356/15.1 FMQ 352/17.4
EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!! EST E2h!!!
0847-17 0 0852-22 0 0902-32 0 0918-48 0 0927-57 0 0940-10 0 0947-17 0 0955-25 0 1007-37 6
0917-47 0 0922-52 0 0932-02 0 0948-18 0 0957-27 0 1010-40 0 1017-47 0 1025-55 2 1037-07 5
0947-17 0 0952-22 0 1002-32 0 1018-48 0 1027-57 0 1040-10 4 1047-17 0 1055-25 2 11 07 -37 5
1017-47 0 1,022-52 0 1032-02 0 1048-18 0 1057-27 0 1110-40 0 1117-47 0 1125-55 2 1137 -07 4
.......
\D
-------
ex>
a
Table 7. (continued) AVERAGE GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS- BUBBLERS
ConemauQ.h Pl ume 22 October 1971
G-16 75 SSE G-36 220 SSE G-27 190 SSE G-8 215 SSE G-25 235 SSE G-35 190 SSE G-6 160 SSE G-l 125 SSE G-26 40 SSE G-20 5 SSE
CMQ 342/9.9 AMQ 348/7.3 AMQ 359/7.4 SMQ 003/9.8 EMQ 353/9.5 EMQ 356/6.1 SMQ 353/4.8 EMQ 353/3.4 SMQ 346/2.1 GMQ 343/0.8
EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST pphm EST ~ EST pphm EST ~ EST ~ EST EEllIT!
0820-50 0 0829-59 0 0835-05 0 0845-15 0 0854-24 0 0902-32 0 0908-38 0 0914-44 0 0920-50 0 0926-56 0
0850-20 0 0859-29 0 0905-35 0 0915-45 4 0924-54 0 0932-02 0 0938-08 0 0944-14 0 0950-20 0 0956-26 0
0920-50 0 0929-59 0 0935-05 0 0945-15 0 0954-24 0 1002-32 0 1008-38 0 1014-44 0 1020-50 0 1026-56 0
0950-20 0 0959-29 0 1005-35 2 1015-45 2 1024-54 0 1032-02 0 1038-08 0 1044-14 0 1050-20 0 1056-26 0
1020r50 0 1029-59 0 1035-05 2 1045-15 7 1054-24 0 1102-32 0 11 08- 38 0 1114-44 0 1120- 50 0 1126-56 0
1050-20 0 1059-29 0 1105-35 1115-45 5 1124-54 0 1132-02 0 1138-08 0 1144-14 0 1150-20 0 1156-26 0
Conemaugh Plume 2 November 1971
G-6 5 SSE G-25 10 SSE G-8 75 SSE G-20 65 SSE G-36 60 SSE G-l 85 SSE G-16 120 SSE G-27 225 SSE G-35 430 SSE G-26 330 SSE
GMQ 063/1.9 GMQ 054/4.1 SOQ 052/5.6 SOQ 044/6.3 DMR 057/6.9 FMQ 047/7.6 FMQ 049/8.4 FMQ 054/11.2 SMQ 066/1.i:~. CMQ 059/15.7
EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0911-41 0 0918-48 0 0932-02 0 0943-13 1 0950-20 0 0957-27 0 1003-33 0 1012-42 0 1022-52 0 1031-01 0
0941-11 0 0948-18 0 1002-32 0 1013-43 3 1020-50 0 1027-57 0 1033-03 0 1042-12 0 1052-22 0 11 01-31 1
1011-41 0 1018-48 3 1032-02 1 1043-13 2 1050-20 0 1057-27 0 11 03- 33 0 1112-42 0 1122-52 0 1131-01 1
1 041 - 11 0 1048-18 0 11 02-32 0 1113-43 2 1120-50 0 1127-57 0 1133-03 3 1142-12 0 1152-22 0 1201-31 0
1111 -41 0 1118-48 0 1132 -02 2 1143- 13 4 1150-20 2 1157-27 0 1203-33 0 1212-42 0 1222-52 0 1231-01 0
1141-11 0 1148-18 0 1202-32 2 1213-43 4 1220-50 2 1227-57 0 1233-03 0 1242-12 0 1252-22 0 1301-31 0
Conemaugh Plume 3 November 1971
G-6 5 SSE G-27 10 SSE G-35 40 SSE G-25 80 SSE G-l 60 SSE G-16 60 SSE G-26 185 SSE G-8 325 SSE G-20 410 SSE G-36 430 SSE
GMQ 063/1. 9 GMQ 066/3.2 CMQ 077/3.3 COQ 090/3.3 CMQ 067/6.7 CMQ 086/7.6 SNQ 085/11. 8 EMQ 078/12.5 EMQ 069/13.0 SMQ 066/14.5
EST pphm EST ~ EST ~ EST pphm EST pphm EST pphm EST pphm EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
1038-08 0 1045-15 0 1051-21 0 1057-27 0 1114-44 1 1119-49 0 1138-08 4 1146-16 0 1153-23 0 1200-30 0
1108-38 0 1115-45 0 1121-51 1 1127-57 0 1144-14 0 1149-19 1 1208-38 4 1216-46 0 1223-53 0 1230-00 0
1138-08 0 1145-15 0 1151-21 2 1157-27 0 1214-44 0 1219-49 0 1238-08 2 1246- 16 0 1253-23 0 1300-30 0
1208-38 0 1215-45 0 1221-51 0 1227-57 0 1244-14 0 1249-19 0 1308-38 0 1316-46 1 1323-53 0 1330-00 0
1238-08 0 1245-15 0 1251-21 1 1257-27 1 1314-44 0 1319-49 0 1338-08 0 1346- 16 1 1353-23 1 1400-30 0
1308-38 0 1315-45 0 1321-51 0 1327-57 0 1344-14 2 1349-19 0 1 408- 38 1 1416-46 0 1423-53 1 1430-00 0
-------
Table 7. (continued) AVERAGE GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - BUBBLERS
Conemaugh Plume 4 November 1971
G-25 155 SSE G-26 80 SSE G-6 40 SSE G-27 10 SSE G-35 60 SSE G-l 65 SSE G-16 220 SSE G-8 60 SSE G-36 195 SSE G-20 185 SSE
SNR 105/3.5 COQ 09013.3 CMQ 077/3.3 GMQ 066/3.2 CMQ 086/7.6 CMQ 103/9.1 FMQ 090/13.7 CMQ 096/11.4 FOQ 090/11.0 SNQ 085/11.8
EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0851-21 0 0900-30 0 0905-35 2 0908-38 0 0920-50 0 0927-57 0 0950-20 0 1007-37 0 1016-46 0 1025-55 0
0921-51 0 0930-00 0 0935-05 4 0938-08 0 0950-20 0 0957-27 3 1020-50 0 1037-07 0 1046-16 0 1055-25 0
0951-21 0 1000-30 0 1005-35 2 1008-38 0 1020-50 0 1027-57 3 1050-20 0 1107-37 1 1116-46 0 1125-55 0
1021-51 0 1030-00 0 1035-05 2 1038-08 0 1050-20 0 1057-27 1 1120-50 0 1137-07 1 1146-16 0 1155-25 0
1051-21 0 11 00-30 3 1105-35 0 1108-38 0 1120-50 0 1127-57 0 1150-20 0 1207-37 2 1216-46 0 1225-55 1
1121-51 0 1130-00 4 1135-05 0 1138-08 0 1150-20 0 1157-27 2 1220- 50 0 1237-07 4 1246-16 0 1255-25 3
Conemaugh Plume 5 November 1971
G-25 185 SSE G-36 285 SSE G-l 335 SSE G-26 160 SSE G-6 185 SSE G-35 185 SSE G-27 95 SSE G-16 120 SSE G-20 100 SSE G-8 115 SSE
EOQ 043/21.6 AMQ 050/23.0 CMQ 054/24.3 FMQ 053/18.8 SMQ 040/18.0 FMQ 036/14.6 DMQ 040/12.1 FMQ 049/8.4 CMP 027/10.2 FMQ 038/7.9
EST ~ EST ~ EST £.E.I:I.!1!. EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0943-13 0 0952-22 0 0958-28 0 1014-44 0 1031-01 0 1043- 1052-22 0 11 02-32 0 1120-50 1 1130-00 10
1013-43 0 1022-52 0 1028-58 0 1044-14 1 1101-31 0 1343 4 1122-52 6 1132-02 4 1150-20 10 1200-30 1
1043-13 0 1052-22 0 1058-28 1 1114-44 1 1131-01 0 1152-22 0 1202-32 0 1220- 50 2 1230-00 0
1113-43 0 1122-52 0 1128-58 0 1144- 14 0 1201-31 0 1222-52 0 1232-02 0 1250-20 0 1300-30 0
1143-13 0 1152-22 0 1158-28 0 1214-44 1 1231-01 0 1252-22 0 1302-32 0 1320-50 0 1330-00 0
1213-43 0 1222-52 0 1228-58 0 1244-14 1 1301-31 0 1322-52 0 1332-02 1350-20 0 1400-30 0
Conemaugh Plume 6 November 1971
G-26 240 SSE G-35 250 SSE G-6 210 SSE G-36 275 SSE G-25 280 SSE G-16 290 SSE G-l 120 SSE G-27 35 SSE G-20 145 SSE G-8 240 SSE
EMQ 022/22.4 EMQ 031/22.2 AMQ 037/21. 7 AMQ 029/19.1 CMQ 023/17.2 EMQ 023/13.7 SMQ 027/11.7 DMQ 028/6.1 SMQ 028/9.0 FMQ 030/15.4
EST ~ EST pphm EST ~ EST pphm EST pphm EST ~ EST pphm EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
0943-13 0 0951-21 0 0956-26 0 1007-37 0 1015-45 0 1026-56 2 1032-02 2 1055-25 0 1103-33 4 1117-47 6
1013-43 1 1021-51 5 1026-56 0 1037-07 1 1045-15 0 1056- 11 02-32 3 1125-55 8 1133-03 5 1147-17 4
1043-13 0 1051-21 1056-26 0 11 07-37 0 1115-45 0 1326 1132-02 6 1155-25 5 1203-33 3 1217-47 3
1113-43 0 1121-51 3 1126-56 0 1137-07 1 1145-16 0 1202-32 1 1225-55 2 1233-03 0 1247-17 2
1143-13 0 1151-21 4 1156-26 4 1207-37 1 1215-45 0 1232-02 0 1255-25 11 1303-33 4 1317-47 8
1213-43 0 1221-51 5 1226-56 5 1237-07 0 1245-15 0 1302-32 1 1325-55 8 1333-03 0 1347-17 4
00
.....
-------
co
N
Table 7. (continued)
AVERAGE GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - BUBBLERS
Conemaugh Plume 9 November 1971
G-8 135 SBE G-27 155 SBE G-6 11 0 SBE G-16 100 SBE G-26 140 SBE G-20 215 SBE G-35 235 SBE G-25 190 SBE G-1 160 SBE G-36 35 SBE
D:1!L352/17.4 GMQ 356/19.6 EMQ 004/19.1 EMQ 360/16.2 AMQ 004/14.1 BMQ 003/9.8 EMQ 353/9.5 AMQ 359/7.4 BMQ 353/4.8 DMQ 028/6.1
EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST ~ EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!!
1008-38 5 1015-45 4 1027-57 2 1038-08 1045-15 4 1057-27 0 1103-33 0 111 0-40 0 1117-47 0 1130-00 0
1038-08 3 1045-15 5 1057-27 5 1108- 1115-45 3 1127 -57 0 1133-03 0 1140-10 0 1147-17 0 1200-30 0
1108-38 2 1115-45 2 1127-57 1 1238 1145-15 1 1157 -27 0 1203-33 0 1210-40 0 1217-47 0 1230-00 0
1138-08 1 1145-15 0 1157-27 0 1215-45 0 1227-57 1 1233-03 0 1240-10 1 1247-17 0 1 300- 30 1
Conemaugh Plume 12 November 1971
G-20 280 SBE G-25 230 SBE G-8 240 SBE G-27 305 SBE G-1 395 SBE G-26 330 SBE G-6 430 SBE G-36 410 SBE G-35 325 SBE G-16 185 SBE
AMQ 071 /21.6 DOQ 071/18.2 FMQ 075/15.5 BMQ 066/18.6 BMQ 065/16.7 CMQ 059/15.7 BMQ 066/14.5 EMQ 069/13.0 EMQ 078/12.5 BNQ 085/11. 8
EST P.Pb!!! EST pphm EST P.Pb!!! EST pphm EST .PE.b.!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST pphm EST P.Pb!!!
1003-33 2 1023-53 0 1037-07 1 1052-22 1 1057-27 0 11 05-35 1 1112-42 4 1118-48 0 1123- 53 5 1127-57 2
1033-03 2 1053-23 3 11 07-37 8 1122-52 2 1127-57 1 1135-05 1 1142-12 4 1148- 18 0 1153-23 8 1157-27 4
11 03-33 3 1123-53 4 1137-07 10 1152-22 0 1157-27 1 1205-35 1 1212-42 4 1218-48 2 1223-53 11 1227-57 3
1133-03 2 1153-23 2 1207-37 3 1222-52 1 1227-57 1 1235-05 1 1242-12 2 1248-18 4 1253-23 6 1257-27 0
1203-33 1 1223-53 2 1237-07 3 1252-22 1 1257-27 1 1305-35 1 1312-42 5 1318-48 7 1323-53 4 1327-57 1
1233-03 2 1253-23 4 1307-37 8 1322-52 2 1327-57 4 1335-05 4 1342-12 4 1348- 18 8 1353-23 2 1357-27 2
Conemaugh Plume 17 November 1971
G-36 120 SBE G-8 235 SBE G-6 155 SBE G-16 145 SBE G-26 120 SBE G-25 95 SBE G-35 225 SBE G-27 430 SBE G-20 330 SBE G-1 325 SBE
FMQ 007/11.6 EMQ 353/9.5 AMQ 014/7.9 BMQ 028/9.0 BMQ 027/11.7 DMQ 040/12.1 FMQ 054/11.2 BMQ 066/14.5 CMQ 059/15.7 EMQ 078/12.5
EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST pphm EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!! EST P.Pb!!!
0848-18 0 0900-30 2 0911-41 2 0916-46 0 0925-55 0 0936-06 0 0945-15 0 0953-23 0 1000-30 0 1014-44 0
0918-48 0 0930-00 2 0941-11 2 0946-16 0 0955-25 0 1006-36 0 1015-45 0 1023-53 0 1030-00 0 1044-14 0
0948-18 0 1000-30 4 1011-41 2 1016-46 0 1025-55 0 1036-06 1 1045-15 0 1053-23 0 1100-30 0 1114-44 0
1018-48 0 1030-00 4 1041-11 3 1046-16 0 1055-25 0 11 06-36 0 1115-45 0 1123-53 0 1130-00 1 1144-14 0
1048-18 0 11 00-30 5 1111-41 8 1116-46 2 1125-55 4 1136-06 2 1145-15 0 1153-23 0 1200-30 0 1214-44 1
1118-48 0 1130-00 6 1141-11 10 1146-16 1 1155-25 11 1206-36 1 1215-45 0 1223-53 0 1230-00 0 1244-14 1
-------
Table 7. (continued) AVERAGE GROUND-LEVEL S02 CONCENTRATIONS - BUBBLERS
Conemaugh Plume 17 November 1971 (continued)
G-16 250 SBE G-8 250 SBE G-6 230 SBE G-36 210 SBE
EMQ 031/22.2 AMQ 033/19.4 AMQ 034/21.9 AMQ 037/21.7
EST ~ EST ~ EST ~ EST ~
1644-14 2 1700-30 3 1706-36 2 1710-40 3
1714-44 2 1730-00 2 1736-06 4 1740-10 2
1744-14 0 1800-30 1 1806-36 2 1810-40 4
1814-44 0 1830-00 0 1836-06 2 1840-10 3
1844-14 0 1900-30 0 1906-36 2 1910-40 2
1914-44 3 1930-00 2 1936 -06 2 1940-10 1
00
w
-------
HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Table 8 lists the helicopter temperature profiles obtained during spiral
ascents just upwind of the Conemaugh and Keystone Stations. Dry-bulb and wet-bulb
temperatures are listed for 50-meter intervals above the applicable stack base
elevation; additional levels such as bases and tops of inversions are also listed.
Wet-bulb values are occasionally missing because the sensor froze.
On most profiles, surface dry-bulb and wet-bulb values are included. These
temperatures were measured within 1 meter of the surface during 10-mps or greater
forward speeds so that no downwash interfered with the readings. To allow for
changing pressure patterns during an experiment, the helicopter landed before each
profile so the indicated surface height from the pressure transducer could be
recorded. A flight time of approximately 5 to 7 minutes was required to complete
a 1000-meter profile.
During the 1971 series, three helicopter temperature profiles were origi-
nated about 4 kilometers north of the Conemaugh Generating Station because of
ground fog in the valley surrounding the station. The origin for these profiles
(578, 658, and 659) is indicated in the subsequent legend. Also included in the
legend is the origin for profile 636 which was executed 16 kilometers north of
Conemaugh because of low fuel supply.
Ascn
EST
Conemaugh
Conemaugh C-3
Conemaugh C-5
Keystone
Z, m
WB, °C
T, °C
Sfc
184
Table 8.
HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Legend
Individual ascension or profile designation.
Beginning time of profile.
Profile origin immediately upwind of Conemaugh stacks.
Profile origin 353°/3.5 kilometers from Conemaugh stacks.
Profile origin 010°/16.0 kilometers from Conemaugh stacks.
Profile origin immediately upwind of Keystone stacks.
Height above Conemaugh or Keystone stack base elevation in
whole meters.
Wet-bulb temperature in degrees Centigrade to nearest tenth.
Dry-bulb temperature in degrees Centigrade to nearest tenth.
: Temperatures measured within one meter of Conemaugh or Keystone
stack base elevation.
Missing data.
-------
Table 8. HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 551 Ascn 552 Ascn 553 Ascn 554 Ascn 555 Ascn 556 Ascn 557
21 Apr 71 21 Apr 71 21 Apr 71 22 Apr 71 22 Apr 71 23 Apr 71 23 Apr 71
0650 EST 0942 EST 1220 EST 0654 EST 0839 EST 0704 EST 0821 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh
Z, m WB, DC T,DC Z, m WB,DC T,DC ~ WB,DC T,DC L-!!! WB,DC T, DC Z, m WB,DC T,DC ~ WB,DC T, DC ~ WB,DC T, DC
Sfc 7.4 8.1 Sfc 10.0 14.0 Sfc 10.8 13.0 Sfc 2.6 3.5 Sfc 3.5 4.5 Sfc 1.2 1.9 Sfc 5.4 7.4
45 6.5 6.7 50 9.6 13.8 50 10.3 12.7 50 2.4 3.3 50 3.2 4.2 50 0.5 0.9 50 4.4 6.4
50 6.6 6.9 100 9.3 13.5 100 10.0 12.3 100 2.1 2.9 100 2.9 3.7 55 1.1 1.8 100 3.8 5.8
90 6.4 7.6 150 8.8 13.0 150 9.6 11. 8 150 1.9 2.5 150 2.5 3.3 100 1.1 2.1 150 3.4 5.4
100 6.6 8.2 200 8.5 12.6 200 9.3 11.4 200 1.4 2.0 200 2.2 2.8 150 1.4 2.6 200 3.1 5.0
150 6.8 9.0 250 8.6 12.4 250 9.1 11.1 250 1.1 1.5 250 1.7 2.2 200 1.5 2.9 250 2.7 4.5
170 6.7 9.0 300 7.9 11.7 300 8.9 10.7 300 0.8 1.0 300 1.5 1.9 250 1.7 3.4 300 2.3 4.2
200 6.8 9.9 350 7.9 11.4 350 8.5 10.1 350 --- - 0.3 350 1.1 1.4 300 1.6 3.2 350 2.0 3.7
210 6.8 10.0 400 7.6 11.0 400 8.0 9.6 400 0.2 400 0.8 1.0 350 1.3 2.8 400 1.6 3.2
235 7.6 11.8 450 7.1 10.4 450 7.9 9.4 450 --- - 0.2 450 1.4 1.5 400 1.2 2.6 450 1.4 2.9
250 7.6 11. 9 500 7.1 10.1 500 7.6 8.B 500 --- - 0.5 500 0.2 0.2 450 1.2 2.6 500 0.9 2.6
300 7.8 11.8 550 7.2 9.7 550 7.3 8.3 515 --- - 0.7 510 0.0 500 1.2 2.4 510 0.8 2.6
350 8.2 12.6 600 7.0 9.2 600 6.8 7.8 550 0.8 1.9 550 0.4 2.1
400 8.2 12.4 650 7.1 9.0 650 6.4 7.4 600 0.8 1.8 600 0.0 1.6
450 8.0 12.6 700 7.3 8.8 700 6.0 7.0 650 0.6 1.6 650 - 0.4 1.1
500 7.7 12.5 750 7.4 8.5 750 5.6 6.6 700 0.2 1.1 700 - 0.6 0.8
550 7.0 12.8 800 7.6 8.5 800 5.3 6.3 750 - 0.1 0.7 750 - 1. 1 0.3
580 8.6 13.0 850 7.4 8.1 850 5.2 5.9 800 - 0.3 0.3 800 --- - 0.1
600 7.8 12.9 900 7.0 7.6 865 4.7 5.4 850 --- - 0.2 850 --- - 0.4
650 8.4 12.6 950 6.8 7.5 900 4.0 6.4 900 --- - 0.6 900 --- - 0.6
700 8.6 12.4 1000 6.3 7.0 950 3.4 6.2 950 --- - 0.9 950 --- - 1.0
710 8.5 12.5 1050 5.8 6.7 1000 3.2 6.2 1000 --- - 1.2 1000 --- - 1.4
750 8.2 12.1 1095 5.4 6.7 1050 3.0 5.9 1050 --- - 1.3 1050 --- - 2.0
800 8.0 11.8 1085 3.4 6.0 1100 --- - 1.4 1090 --- - 2.2
850 7.7 11.4 1105 --- - 1.4
900 7.5 10.9
950 7.0 10.6
1000 6.5 10.2
1050 6.1 9.6
1090 7.2 9.2
ex>
U1
-------
co
""
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 558 Ascn 559 Ascn 560 Ascn 561 Ascn 562 Ascn 563 Ascn 564
23 Apr 71 23 Apr 71 24 Apr 71 24 Apr 71 24 Apr 71 26 Apr 71 26 Apr 71
1005 EST 1147 EST 0647 EST 0846 EST 0930 EST 0548 EST 0756 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh
Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC
Sfc 5.7 9.4 Sfc 8.0 12.0 Sfc 1.8 2.2 Sfc 6.7 9.8 Sfc 6.4 8.9 Sfc 4.7 5.1 Sfc 5.9 7.4
50 5.7 8.8 50 7.0 10.6 40 0.9 1.3 50 6.3 9.6 20 6.2 8.9 20 4.2 4.6 50 5.8 7.2
100 5.1 8.0 100 6.4 10.0 50 1.5 2.0 100 6.0 9.2 50 5.9 8.6 50 4.4 5.1 100 5.5 6.7
150 4.6 7.4 150 6.3 9.7 90 1.2 2.1 150 5.6 8.6 100 5.6 8.2 80 5.1 6.4 150 5.2 6.4
200 4.4 7.2 200 5.7 9.0 100 1.8 3.2 200 5.3 8.2 150 5.3 7.8 100 5.1 6.5 200 4.8 6.0
250 4.0 6.6 250 5.4 8.7 150 1.7 3.4 250 5.1 7.8 200 5.0 7.4 150 5.0' 6.3 250 4.5 5.6
300 3.6 6.2 300 5.0 8.4 200 1.9 3.6 300 4.6 7.2 250 4.7 7.0 200 5.0 6.2 300 4.1 5.3
350 3.2 5.6 350 4.8 8.2 220 2.0 3.8 350 4.3 6.8 300 4.3 6.5 250 4.5 5.6 350 3.7 4.7
400 3.0 5.2 400 4.4 7.6 250 2.8 5.0 400 4.1 6.4 350 3.9 6.0 300 4.3 5.3 400 3.5 4.3
450 2.6 4.8 450 4.3 7.4 300 3.1 5.9 450 3.7 5.9 400 3.7 5.7 350 4.1 5.0 450 3.0 3.8
500 2.4 4.6 500 4.3 7.4 350 3.8 6.9 500 3.3 5.5 450 3.5 5.4 400 3.9 4.8 500 2.5 3.2
550 1.9 3.9 550 3.7 6.7 380 4.0 7.3 550 3.0 5.0 500 3.1 4.9 450 3.7 4.5 550 2.1 2.7
600 1.6 3.5 600 3.3 6.0 400 4.0 7.2 600 2.7 4.6 550 2.6 4.4 .500 3.4 4.1 600 1.8 2.4
650 1.2 3.0 650 2.8 5.4 450 3.9 7.0 650 2.4 4.2 565 2.5 4.2 550 3.1 3.8 650 1.4 2.0
700 0.9 2.6 700 2.3 4.7 500 3.7 6.9 700 1.9 3.6 600 2.7 3.2 700 0.9 1.3
750 0.4 2.0 750 1.9 4.2 550 3.6 6.6 750 1.7 3.2 650 2.6 3.0 750 0.6 0.9
800 - 0.2 1.3 800 1.7 4.0 600 3.4 6.2 800 1.4 2.9 700 1.9 2.2 800 0.4 0.6
850 - 0.4 1.0 850 1.2 3.4 650 3.3 5.9 850 1.1 2.5 750 1.8 2.1 850 0.2 0.3
900 - 0.7 0.5 900 0.8 2.8 700 3.1 5.8 900 0.8 2.0 800 1.5 1.7 900 0.0
950 0.0 950 0.3 2.2 750 2.6 5.4 950 0.2 1.2 850 1.3 1.4 950 --- - 0.2
1000 --- - 0.5 1000 - 0.1 1.8 800 2.3 5.0 1000 - 0.1 0.9 900 1.0 1.0 1000 --- - 0.5
1050 --- - 0.9 1050 - 0.6 1.2 850 2.0 4.6 1050 - 0.3 0.9 950 0.7 1050 --- - 0.8
1100 --- - 1.4 11 00 - 0.9 0.8 900 1.7 4.3 1075 - 0.4 0.8 1000 0.3 1100 --- - 1.2
1115 --- - 1. 5 1120 - 1. 0 0.6 950 1.4 3.9 1050 0.2
1000 1.1 3.5 1095 --- - 0.2
1050 1.0 3.2
1065 0.7 3.0
-------
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 565 Ascn 566 Ascn 567 Ascn 568 Ascn 569 Ascn 570 Ascn 571
26 Apr 71 26 Apr 71 28 Apr 71 28 Apr 71 29 Apr 71 29 Apr 71 4 May 71
0908 EST 1025 EST 0551 EST 0744 EST 0547 EST 0740 EST 0541 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh
Z, m WB,oC T,oC h..!!! WB,oC T, 0C h..!!! WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T, 0C h..!!! WB,oC T,oC h..!!! WB,oC T,oC Z. m WB,oC T, 0C
Sfc 6.1 8.0 Sfc 6.0 7.8 Sfc 8.3 9.4 Sfc 9.3 9.9 Sfc 5.9 7.1 Sfc 5.6 6.6 Sfc 1.3 2.0
50 5.7 7.5 50 5.6 7.4 50 7.9 9.2 50 8.8 9.8 50 5.6 7.0 50 5.0 6.3 50 1.4 2.0
100 5.5 7.1 100 5.3 7.0 100 7.7 8.9 100 8.6 9.5 100 5.4 6.6 100 4.9 5.9 100 1.1 1.7
150 5.2 6.8 150 5.0 6.6 150 7.6 8.7 150 8.4 9.2 150 5.2 6.2 150 4.3 5.4 150 0.9 1.5
200 4.9 6.3 200 4.7 6.2 200 7.7 8.8 200 8.7 9.5 200 4.7 5.8 200 4.0 5.0 200 0.6 1.1
250 4.6 5.9 250 4.3 5.7 250 7.6 8.8 250 8.4 9.2 250 4.4 5.4 250 3.6 4.6 250 0.3 0.7
300 4.2 5.4 300 3.8 5.2 300 7.3 8.2 280 8.2 8.9 300 4.1 5.0 300 3.3 4.1 300 0.0 0.4
350 4.0 5.0 350 3.6 4.8 350 7.0 7.8 300 8.3 9.1 350 3.7 4.5 350 2.9 3.6 350 - 0.2 0.1
400 3.5 4.5 400 3.2 4.3 400 6.8 7.5 350 8.0 8.7 400 3.4 4.0 400 2.6 3.1 400 --- - 0.3
450 3.1 4.0 450 2.8 3.8 450 6.5 7.0 400 7.8 8.3 450 3.1 3.5 450 2.2 2.7 450 --- - 0.8
500 2.7 3.5 500 2.5 3.4 500 6.4 6.8 450 7.7 8.1 500 2.7 3.1 500 1.7 2.2 500 --- - 0.9
550 2.5 3.1 550 2.1 2.9 510 6.8 7.4 500 7.7 8.0 550 2.3 2.6 550 1.3 1.7 550 --- - 1.0
600 2.1 2.6 600 1.6 2.4 550 6.5 7.0 550 7.7 8.0 600 1.9 2.1 600 1.1 1.4 600 --- - 1.4
650 1.7 2.1 650 1.2 1.9 600 6.3 6.6 570 7.8 8.1 650 1.5 1.6 650 0.7 0.9 650 --- - 2.0
700 1.1 1.7 700 1.1 1.7 620 6.2 6.5 700 1.1 1.1 700 0.4 0.4 700 --- - 0.7
750 0.8 1.0 750 0.3 0.8 650 6.4 6.8 750 0.6 750 0.1 750 --- - 0.2
800 0.2 0.9 800 0.1 0.4 700 6.5 7.0 800 0.2 800 --- - 0.5 780 0.0
850 0.0 0.7 850 0.0 0.0 750 6.8 7.3 840 0.0 800 0.8
900 - 0.3 0.2 900 --- - 0.5 800 6.9 7.5 850 0.4
950 - 0.2 - 0.2 950 --- - 1.0 850 7.1 7.6 900 0.1
1000 --- - 0.6 1000 --- - 1.5 885 7.1 7.5 950 --- - 0.3
1050 --- - 1.0 1050 --- - 1.8 900 7.5 8.2 1000 --- - 0.6
1085 --- - 1. 2 1095 --- - 2.2 950 7.8 8.2 1050 --- - 0.9
1000 7.8 8.1 1100 --- - 1.3
1110 --- - 1.4
ex>
.......
-------
ex>
ex>
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 572 Ascn 573 Ascn 574 Ascn 575 Ascn 576 Ascn 577 Ascn 578
4 May 71 4 May 71 4 May 71 5 May 71 5 May 71 5 May 71 7 May 71
0735 E.ST 0851 EST 1031 EST 0546 EST 0728 EST 0906 EST 0748 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh C-3
Z, m WB,DC T,DC hJ!! WB,DC T,DC hJ!! WB,DC T,DC 'Z, m WB,DC T,DC hJ!! WB,DC T,DC h..!!!. WB , DC T,DC Z, m WB,DC T,DC
Sfc 2.9 4.2 Sfc 4.4 6.0 Sfc 9.0 12.2 Sfc 7.3 8.7 Sfc 8.2 10.4 Sfc 12.6 16.7 Sfc
50 2.7 3.6 50 3.8 5.4 50 6.8 9.8 30 6.4 7 4 30 7.8 9.7 50 11.0 15.6 50
100 2.2 3.0 100 3.3 4.8 75 6.1 8.9 50 7.1 9.0 50 7.9 10.2 100 10.3 14.9 100
150 2.0 2.7 150 3.0 4.4 100 6.3 9.5 100 7.2 9.6 100 7.7 9.9 150 9.9 14.3 150 9.2 9.4
200 1.4 2.0 200 2.7 4.0 150 6.1 9.1 150 7.4 9.8 150 7.5 9.8 200 9.7 14.1 2.00 8.6 8.6
250 1.0 1.5 250 2.6 3.8 200 5.3 8.1 170 7.5 10.1 200 7.4 9.8 250 9.3 13.6 210 8.5 8.5
300 0.8 1.1 300 2.0 3.1 250 4.6 7.2 200 7.2 9.7 250 7.5 9.8 300 9.0 13.1 250 9.6 10.6
350 0.5 0.7 350 1.6 2.7 300 4.1 6.6 250 7.2 9.6 300 7.4 9.6 350 8.8 12.8 300 9.6 11.0
400 0.2 0.4 400 1.4 2.4 350 3.8 6.2 300 6.9 9.3 350 6.7 9.0 400 8.3 12.3 35Q 9.4 10.8
450 --- - 0.2 450 0.9 1.8 400 3.6 6.0 350 7.0 9.4 400 6.6 8.9 450 8.0 11.7 365 9.3 10.7
500 --- - 0.9 500 0.4 1.4 450 3.0 5.3 400 6.7 9.1 420 6.4 9.0 500 7.8 11.3 400 9.5 10.9
550 --- - 0.2 550 0.1 0.9 500 2.7 4.8 450 6.5 8.8 450 6.6 9.2 550 7.4 10.8 450 9.0 11.0
600 0.6 600 - O. 1 1.1 550 2.3 4.3 500 6.4 8.6 500 6.5 8.9 600 7.2 10.4 500 8.9 10.7
640 1.8 650 - 0.6 0.2 600 2.0 3.9 550 6.2 8.4 550 6.3 8.8 650 6.8 9.8 550 8.8 10.4
650 1.8 700 --- - 0.2 650 1.7 3.6 600 6.0 8.3 600 5.8 8.3 700 6.4 9.4 600 8.7 10.2
700 1.4 750 --- - 0.4 700 1.4 3.2 650 5.7 7.9 650 5.5 7.9 750 6.2 9.1 630 8.6 10.0
750 1.1 800 --- - 0.4 750 1.2 2.8 700 5.6 7.8 700 5.3 7.8 800 6.1 8.9 650 8.4 10.2
800 0.8 850 --- - 0.6 800 0.7 2.2 750 5.6 8.0 750 5.0 7.4 850 5.8 8.4 700 7.8 10.1
850 0.3 900 --- - 0.7 850 0.1 1.6 800 3.2 7.5 800 5.0 7.4 900 5.5 7.8 750 7.0 9.8
900 0.0 950 --- - 1. 0 900 - 0.4 0.9 850 4.8 7.0 850 4.6 7.2 950 5.5 7.7 800 6.8 9.3
950 --- - 0.3 970 --- - 1. 2 950 - 0.7 0.5 900 4.6 6.6 900 4.2 6.7 1000 5.4 7.4 850 6.7 8.9
1000 --- - 0.7 1000 --- - 0.8 1000 - 1.0 0.2 950 4.2 6.2 950 4.1 6.5 1050 5.0 6.8 900 6.3 8.3
1050 --- - 1. 1 1050 --- - 1.1 1050 --- - 0.4 1000 4.0 5.8 1000 3.8 6.0 1090 4.2 6.2 950 6.1 7.9
1100 --- - 1. 5 1100 --- - 1.5 1100 --- - 1. 0 1050 3.5 5.4 1050 3.8 5.6 1000 6.1 7.5
1105 --- - 1. 6 1100 3.2 5.0 1100 3.8 5.4 1050 5.8 7.1
1110 3.1 4.9 1100 5.8 6.8
-------
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 579 Ascn 580 Ascn 581 Ascn 582 Ascn 583 Ascn 584 Ascn 585
7 May 71 7 May 71 10 May 71 10 May 71 10 May 71 10 May 71 11 May 71
0904 EST 1 023 EST 0547 EST 0729 EST 0840 EST 1011 EST 0546 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh
~ WB,oC T,oC I, m WB,oC T,oC I, m WB,oC T,oC I, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T, 0C I, m WB,oC T,oC I,m W8,oC T,oC
Sfc 10.6 11.8 Sfc 13.6 17.2 Sfc 5.4 5.4 Sfc 7.6 8.6 Sfc 10.1 12.5 Sfc 13.3 17.3 Sfc 6.8 7.2
50 10.3 11.0 50 13.1 16.7 10 4.8 4.8 50 7.0 7.8 50 9.7 11.9 50 12.6 16.5 30 6.0 6.0
90 10.3 11.0 100 12.5 15.9 50 4.8 4.8 80 7.1 7.6 100 9.6 11.8 100 12.3 16.0 50 6.6 6.6
100 10.tl 11.9 150 12.3 15.7 100 5.3 5.5 100 6.9 7.7 150 9.4 11.9 150 11.8 15.5 100 7.3 7.4
150 11.0 12.5 200 12.2 15.3 150 6.1 6.9 150 6.8 7.8 200 9.0 11.4 200 11.6 15.2 150 7.2 7.9
200 10.8 12.4 250 12.0 14.8 200 6.8 8.0 200 6.8 8.2 250 8.8 10.8 250 11.3 14.8 200 7.4 8.3
250 10.4 12.2 300 11. 6 14.3 250 7.3 8.8 225 6.7 8.1 300 8.6 10.6 300 11.0 14.4 250 7.8 10.2
300 10.2 12.1 350 11.3 14.1 300 7.3 8.9 240 7.2 9.0 330 8.6 11.2 350 10.6 14.0 300 10.0 13.8
350 9.9 11. 7 400 11. 2 13.8 350 7.3 8.7 250 7.2 9.0 350 e.4 10.6 400 10.2 13.4 350 10.4 14.3
400 9.5 11.3 450 11.5 13.0 400 7.2 8.6 300 7.3 9.0 400 8.0 10.0 450 10.2 13.2 400 10.7 14.7
450 9.3 11.2 500 10.2 12.4 450 7.1 8.4 350 7.3 9.0 450 8.0 10.2 500 10.2 13.2 450 10.6 15.0
500 9.0 10.8 550 10.1 12.0 500 6.9 8.1 400 7.3 9.0 500 7.8 10.0 550 9.8 12.6 480 10.8 15.4
550 8.7 10.6 600 9.0 11.8 550 6.8 8.0 450 7.5 9.3 530 7.8 10.2 600 9.3 12.0 500 10.9 15.4
600 8.4 10.1 650 9.5 11.3 580 6.8 8.1 500 7.5 9.4 550 7.6 10.0 650 8.7 11.2 550 10.9 15.2
650 8.2 9.8 700 8.9 10.8 600 7.0 8.4 550 7.5 9.6 600 6.4 9.8 700 8.6 10.9 600 10.8 15.2
700 7.9 9.9 750 8.0 10.5 650 7.1 8.6 575 7.5 9.8 650 7.1 9.4 750 8.4 10.7 650 10.5 15.0
750 7.7 9.7 800 7.6 9.8 700 6.9 8.4 600 7.4 9.7 700 7.1 9.3 800 8.1 10.3 700 10.2 14.6
800 7.2 9.2 850 7.3 9.4 750 6.7 8.2 650 7.2 9.4 750 6.8 9.0 850 7.3 9.6 750 10.0 14.2
850 7.0 8.8 900 6.6 9.0 800 6.3 7.7 700 6.9 9.0 800 6.6 9.0 900 7.0 9.0 800 9.8 13.8
900 6.6 8.3 950 6.2 8.6 850 6.1 7.3 750 6.7 8.7 850 6.3 8.7 950 6.9 8.8 850 9.6 13.4
950 6.2 8.0 1000 5.9 8.2 900 5.7 6.8 800 6.4 8.3 900 6.1 8.5 1000 6.5 8.3 900 9.3 13.1
1000 5.9 7.8 1050 5.6 7.6 950 5.4 6.4 850 6.0 7.8 950 5.6 7.9 1050 6.2 7.8 950 9.0 12.7
1050 5.7 7.3 1100 5.3 7.1 1000 5.1 6.0 900 5.7 7.5 1000 5.4 7.6 1100 6.0 7.5 1000 8.7 12.3
1100 5.2 6.8 1050 4.8 5.8 950 5.2 7.0 1050 5.1 7.3 1135 5.7 7.1 1050 8.3 11.8
1140 5.1 6.6 1100 4.5 5.5 1000 5.0 6.7 1100 4.9 6.8 1100 8.0 11.4
1120 4.4 5.4 1050 4.8 6.4 1120 4.8 6.6 1110 8.0 11.3
1100 4.4 6.0
1130 4.1 5.7
(X)
1.0
-------
0.0
a
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 586 Ascn 587 Ascn 588 Ascn 589 Ascn 590 Ascn 591 Ascn 592
11 May 71 11 May 71 11 May 71 14 May 71 14 May 71 14 May 71 14 May 71
0816 EST 0929 EST 1150 EST 0549 EST 0707 EST 0920 EST 1027 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh
~ WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC ~ WB,oC T,oC
Sfc 13.2 14.2 Sfc 15.6 20.8 Sfc 16.8 23.0 Sfc 5.7 6.2 Sfc 7.4 8.2 Sfc 10.4 12.6 Sfc 11.4 13.8
50 11.2 12.6 50 14.8 20.4 50 15.5 21. 9 50 5.6 6.2 50 7.0 7.9 50 9.9 12.0 50 11.1 13.7
B5 10.8 12.2 100 14.3 19.9 100 15.1 21.6 100 5.7 6.3 100 6.8 7.7 100 9.5 11.6 100 10.9 13.3
100 10.8 12.4 150 14.0 19.6 150 14.9 21. 3 150 5.5 6.1 150 6.7 7.5 150 9.3 11.3 150 10.4 12.7
120 10.9 12.5 200 13.7 19.1 2QO 14.6 21.0 200 5.3 5.8 200 6.3 7.1 200 9.1 11.1 200 9.8 11.8
150 11.6 14.8 250 13.4 18.6 250 14.4 20.6 250 5.0 5.4 250 6.1 6.7 250 8.8 10.6 250 9.4 11.4
200 12.0 16.2 300 13.3 18.4 300 14.0 20.0 300 5.2 5.7 300 5.7 6.3 300 8.4 10.0 300 9.3 11.2
250 11.8 16.0 350 12.9 17.9 350 13.7 19.5 350 5.5 6.4 350 5.5 6.0 350 8.0 9.5 350 9.3 11. 1
300 11.7 15.8 400 12.5 17.4 400 13.4 19.1 375 5.7 6.8 400 5.5 6.2 400 7.8 9.2 400 8.9 10.8
350 11.6 15.9 450 12.1 16.9 450 13.1 18.6 400 5.4 6.6 450 5.4 6.3 450 7.3 8.6 450 8.5 10.0
400 11. 5 15.7 500 11. 7 16.5 500 13.6 18.0 450 5.6 6.9 500 5.4 6.3 500 7.1 8.3 500 8.0 9.3
450 11.2 15.4 550 11.5 16.1 550 12.2 17.4 500 5.5 6.9 550 5.3 6.3 550 6.7 7.8 535 8.0 9.5
500 11. 1 15.2 600 11.4 15.7 600 12.0 17.0 550 5.5 6.9 600 5.2 6.3 600 6.4 7.4 550 8.8 9.2
550 10.8 15.1 650 10.8 15.1 650 11.5 16.4 600 5.2 6.6 650 5.2 6.4 650 6.1 7.1 600 7.5 8.5
585 10.8 15.4 700 10.4 14.6 700 11.2 16.0 650 5.4 7.2 700 5.2 6.8 700 5.7 6.6 650 7.2 8.1
600 10.8 15.3 750 10.1 14.0 750 10.8 15.4 700 5.6 7.6 750 5.3 7.2 750 5.4 6.3 700 6.8 7.6
650 10.7 15.0 800 9.7 13.5 800 10.4 14.8 750 5.9 7.9 790 5.4 7.4 800 5.0 5.8 750 6.3 7.1
700 10.4 14.6 850 9.4 13.1 850 10.1 14.5 800 6.1 8.1 800 5.6 8.4 830 4.9 5.8 800 6.3 7.3
750 10.1 14.2 900 9.0 12.6 900 10.8 14.0 850 5.9 8.0 850 5.5 8.3 850 5.2 7.0 850 6.0 7.6
800 9.6 13.8 950 8.8 12.2 950 9.5 13.5 900 5.7 7.9 900 5.3 8.2 870 5.8 8.3 900 6.2 8.5
850 9.3 13.4 1000 8.4 11.6 1000 9.1 12.9 950 5.4 7.8 950 5.1 8.1 900 6.0 8.6 950 6.2 8.6
900 9.0 13.0 1050 8.3 11.4 1050 8.7 12.4 1000 5.1 7.7 1000 4.8 7.7 950 5.6 8.5 980 6.1 8.7
950 8.8 12.6 1100 7.6 11.0 1080 8.5 12.1 1050 4.9 7.5 1050 4.6 7.3 1000 5.4 8.2 1000 5.9 8.6
1000 8.4 12.2 1080 4.8 7.3 1100 4.3 7.1 1050 5.1 7.9 1050 5.7 8.4
1050 8.2 11.8 1100 4.7 7.5 1100 5.4 8.0
1100 7.9 11.3
1115 7.8 11.2
-------
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 593 Ascn 594 Ascn 595 Ascn 596 Ascn 597 Ascn 598 Ascn 599
14 May 71 15 May 71 15 May 71 15 May 71 15 May 71 17 May 71 17 May 71
1219 EST 0554 EST 0722 EST 0910 EST 1024 EST 0932 EST 1123 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh-
b....!!! WB, DC T, DC Z, m WB,DC T,DC b....!!! WB, DC T, DC Z, m WB,DC T,DC Z, m WB, DC T, DC b....!!! WB, DC T ,DC Z, m WB,DC T,DC
Sfc 13.2 16.4 Sfc 6.6 6.8 Sfc 8.4 10.0 Sfc 14.2 17.8 Sfc 16.0 20.6 Sfc 14.3 16.2 Sfc 15.6 19.4
50 12.8 16.0 20 6.0 6.1 50 7.8 8.8 50 13.2 16.6 50 15.4 20.1 50 13.9 15.8 50 14.8 18.4
100 12.6 15.8 50 5.9 6.1 100 7.5 8.8 100 12.7 16.5 100 15.0 19.6 100 13.6 15.4 100 14.3 17.8
150 12.1 15.1 60 5.9 6.1 150 7.5 9.1 150 12.7 16.4 150 14.7 19.2 150 13.3 15.0 150 14.0 17.4
200 11.8 14.6 100 6.2 7.1 200 9.4 12.8 200 12.6 16.4 200 14.4 18.8 200 13.0 14.5 200 13.8 17.0
250 11.5 14.1 150 6.9 8.2 250 10.3 13.9 250 12.3 16.0 250 13.9 18.2 250 12.7 14.0 250 13.6 16.8
300 11.3 13.9 175 8.2 10.0 300 10.4 14.0 300 12.3 16.0 300 13.7 17.9 300 12.4 13.5 300 13.2 16.2
350 11.0 13.5 200 9.4 13.2 350 10.7 14.4 350 12.1 15.6 350 13.5 17.5 350 12.2 13.2 350 12.9 15.8
400 10.6 13.0 250 10.2 14.0 400 10.8 14.4 400 11. 7 15.3 400 13.2 17.0 400 12.0 12.8 400 13.1 16.1
450 10.2 12.3 300 10.3 14.1 450 10.9 14.4 450 11.4 14.9 450 12.9 16.5 450 11.7 12.4 450 12.4 15.2
500 9.8 11.8 350 10.4 14.2 500 10.9 14.3 500 11.0 14.4 500 12.6 16.1 500 11.4 12.0 500 11.9 14.5
550 9.3 11.4 400 10.3 14.0 550 11.2 14.4 550 10.8 14.0 550 12.2 15.6 550 11. 1 11.5 550 11.5 13.8
600 9.0 10.7 450 10.9 14.6 600 11.4 14.4 600 10.5 13.6 600 11.8 15.0 600 10.4 11.2 600 11. 1 13.4
650 8.8 10.4 500 11.6 14.8 650 11.2 14.0 650 10.3 13.4 650 11.4 14.5 650 10.0 10.6 650 11.0 13.0
700 8.5 10.0 550 11.7 14.6 700 11.0 13.6 700 10.1 13.1 700 11.1 14.0 700 9.8 10.3 700 10.5 12.4
750 7.9 9.4 600 11.6 14.3 750 10.8 13.2 750 10.1 12.9 750 10.8 13.5 750 9.5 9.8 750 10.3 12.0
800 7.6 9.1 650 11.6 14.2 800 10.5 12.7 800 10.0 12.7 800 10.4 13.0 760 9.5 9.7 800 9.6 11.8
850 7.2 8.5 700 10.3 13.7 850 10.2 12.2 850 9.8 12.3 850 10.1 12.5 800 9.1 10.0 850 9.2 11.4
900 7.0 8.2 750 11.0 13.2 900 9.9 11.8 900 9.7 12.0 900 10.7 12.0 850 8.4 10.3 900 8.8 10.7
950 6.6 8.0 800 10.8 12.8 950 9.6 11.4 950 9.4 11.5 950 9.3 11.5 900 8.2 10.6 950 8.7 10.2
1000 6.2 7.4 850 10.5 12.3 1000 9.3 10.9 1000 9.0 11.0 1000 8.9 11.0 950 7.7 10.4 1000 8.5 9.6
1050 6.0 6.8 900 10.2 11.8 1050 8.9 10.4 1050 8.8 10.7 1050 8.7 10.6 1000 7.4 10.2 1050 8.1 9.3
1090 5.8 6.6 950 9.9 11.4 1100 8.7 10.1 1100 8.5 10.2 1100 8.4 10.6 1050 7.1 9.9 1095 7.8 8.8
1000 9.5 10.9 1120 8.6 9.9 1120 8.4 10.0 1125 8.2 10.1 1095 7.0 9.6
1050 9.4 10.5
1100 9.0 10.1
1.O
-.I
-------
-------
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 607 Ascn 608 Ascn 609 Ascn 610 Ascn 611 Ascn 612 Ascn 613
18 Oct 71 18 Oct 71 18 Oct 71 18 Oct 71 19 Oct 71 19 Oct 71 19 Oct 71
0655 EST 0809 EST 0938 EST 11 05 EST 0630 EST 0816 EST 0928 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh
b....!!! WB, 0C T, 0C b....!!! WB, 0C T, 0C b....!!! WB, 0C T, 0C b....!!! WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC
Sfc 12.2 13.2 Sfc 12.8 13.8 Sfc 13.0 15.5 Sfc 14.4 17.8 Sfc 8.4 8.4 Sfc 9.8 10.6 Sfc 13.7 16.2
50 12.0 13.2 50 11.9 13.4 50 12.3 14.6 50 13.6 17.2 20 8.2 8.2 50 9.7 10.3 50 13.7 16.0
80 12.2 13.7 100 11.7 13.1 100 12.3 14.4 100 13.1 16.7 50 8.6 8.9 100 10.6 12.8 100 14.4 18.2
100 12.0 13.5 150 11.4 12.8 150 11.8 13.7 150 12.8 16.3 100 9.3 10.5 140 10.4 12.5 150 13.2 18.6
150 11.9 13.3 200 11.3 12.6 200 11.5 13.2 200 12.7 16.1 135 9.5 10.8 150 12.2 15.8 200 12.6 18.6
200 11.6 12.9 250 10.8 12.0 250 11.1 12.8 250 12.3 15.5 150 9.8 11.4 200 11.8 16.6 250 12.4 18.4
250 11.4 12.5 290 11.0 12.9 300 10.8 12.3 300 12.0 15.2 180 11.7 16.1 250 12.2 17.2 300 12.0 18.2
300 11. 1 12.1 300 10.2 11.8 350 10.5 11.9 350 11.7 14.8 200 11.8 16.4 300 12.0 17.4 350 11.8 18.6
350 10.7 11.7 350 10.2 11.2 400 10.4 11.6 400 11.4 14.3 250 12.1 16.5 350 12.2 17.8 400 11.5 18.3
400 10.5 11.4 400 10.1 11.0 450 10.1 11.7 450 11.0 13.8 300 12.1 16.7 400 12.2 18.6 450 11.5 18.4
450 10.3 12.3 430 9.9 10.6 500 10.0 11. 6 500 10.5 13.3 350 12.4 17.2 450 12.4 18.4 500 12.9 19.3
500 11.2 13.8 450 10.0 11.8 550 9.4 10.5 550 10.3 13.0 400 12.5 17.5 500 13.6 20.4 535 11.8 18.0
550 11.1 14.7 500 9.8 11.6 600 9.0 10.3 600 9.8 12.4 450 12.9 17.6 550 13.8 20.6 550 13.2 19.0
560 10.9 14.2 520 9.3 10.3 650 8.6 9.8 650 9.7 12.1 490 12.4 16.7 600 13.9 20.9 575 13.5 20.2
600 9.9 11.5 550 9.2 10.2 700 7.9 9.5 700 9.2 11.8 500 12.9 17.4 630 13.9 21.0 600 13.7 20.3
650 9.5 10.9 590 8.8 9.4 750 8.1 10.7 750 8.8 12.0 550 13.9 19.6 650 13.8 20.8 650 13.7 20.3
700 9.1 10.5 600 10.1 10.8 800 7.7 10.2 800 8.0 11.6 600 13.9 20.6 700 13.6 20.6 700 13.8 20.7
750 8.8 10.2 630 9.5 10.5 850 7.8 12.4 840 8.2 10.9 650 14.0 20.8 750 13.6 20.5 750 14.0 21.0
800 9.2 11.8 650 9.8 13.4 900 7.4 12.8 850 9.0 12.3 700 13.7 20.6 800 13.4 20.2 800 13.9 21.2
850 9.5 12.4 700 9.0 13.0 950 8.3 15.4 900 8.7 12.5 750 13.8 20.6 850 13.4 20.1 850 13.5 20.9
900 8.8 12.6 750 8.7 11. 1 1000 8.8 15.6 950 7.3 13.3 800 13.5 20.5 900 13.3 20.2 900 13.5 20.8
950 9.5 14.0 780 8.7 12.8 1050 8.4 15.1 1000 7.6 14.2 850 13.6 20.5 915 13.3 20.4 950 13.3 20.6
960 9.6 14.4 800 8.6 12.8 1080 8.5 15.3 1050 7.9 14.6 900 13.5 20.5 950 13.0 20.2 1000 13.2 20.3
980 9.0 13.3 850 8.4 12.8 1085 6.2 13.5 950 13.3 20.5 1000 12.7 19.8 1050 12.9 19.8
1000 9.4 13.8 900 8.1 12.9 1000 13.1 20.2 1050 12.5 19.5 1080 12.8 19.8
1050 9.7 14.6 950 7.8 12.6 1050 13.1 20.1 1085 12.6 19.6
1000 7.7 12.4 1100 12.7 19.5
1050 8.1 13.0 1150 12.8 19.4
1060 8.5 13.7 1200 12.5 19.0
1250 12.3 18.7
~ 1290 12.1 18.6
w
-------
\.0 Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
-1'>0
Ascn 614 Ascn 615 Ascn 616 Ascn 617 Ascn 618 Ascn 619 Ascn 620
19 Oct 71 19 Oct 71 20 Oct 71 20 Oct 71 20 Oct 71 20 Oct 71 21 Oct 71
1111 EST 1316 EST 0637 EST 0756 EST 0942 EST 1044 EST 0635 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh
b......!!! WB,oC T,oC b......!!! WB,oC T,oC b......!!! WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC b......!!! WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC b......!!! WB,oC T, 0C
Sfc 17.3 23.9 Sfc 19.3 26.1 Sfc 12.7 14.3 Sfc 13.2 15.0 Sfc 14.5 16.9 Sfc 15.9 18.6 Sfc 11.2 11.5
50 16.3 23.2 50 18.2 25.4 15 12.8 14.6 50 13.0 14.8 50 14.2 16.4 50 14.8 17.7 20 10.8 11.0
100 16.1 22.8 100 17.7 24.9 50 12.6 14.2 100 12.6 14.3 100 13.6 15.8 100 14.5 17.0 50 11.7 13.0
150 15.6 22.3 150 17.6 24.7 100 12.2 13.5 150 12.3 13.8 150 13.0 15.2 150 14.2 16.6 100 12.0 13.3
200 15.6 22.2 200 17.2 24.1 150 12.1 13.3 200 12.2 13.6 200 13.0 14.9 200 14.1 16.4 150 12.0 13.5
250 15.0 21.6 250 16.8 23.6 200 11.8 13.0 250 11.8 13.1 250 12.6 14.4 250 13.6 15.8 200 12.1 13.6
300 14.8 21.1 300 16.7 23.3 250 11. 5 12.6 300 11.4 12.6 300 12.4 14.0 300 13.4 15.4 250 12.0 13.3
350 14.5 20.7 350 16.3 22.8 300 11.3 12.3 350 11. 2 12.2 350 12.2 13.7 350 12.9 14.9 300 11. 7 12.9
400 14.1 20.3 400 16.0 22.4 350 11.1 12.0 400 11. 1 12.1 400 11.9 13.3 400 12.3 14.2 350 11.5 12.6
450 13.9 19.9 450 15.7 21.9 400 10.7 11.6 450 10.5 11.4 450 11. 7 12.9 450 12.1 13.7 400 11.2 12.2
500 13.6 19.5 500 15.2 21.4 450 10.3 10.9 500 10.5 11.2 500 11.5 12.5 500 11.8 13.2 450 11.5 13.9
550 13.0 18.8 550 14.9 20.9 500 10.2 10.6 550 10.2 10.9 550 11.0 12.0 550 11.6 13.0 480 11.3 13.2
600 12.8 18.3 600 14.6 20.4 525 10.0 10.4 600 9.9 10.5 600 10.7 11.6 600 11.4 12.7 500 11.3 14.1
650 13.4 18.7 650 14.2 19.8 550 10.0 10.7 650 10.0 10.9 650 10.4 11.2 650 11.1 12.2 550 11.2 15.0
700 12.3 17.5 700 13.8 19.4 600 9.5 9.8 700 9.5 10.3 700 10.1 10.8 700 10.8 11.8 600 11.4 15.9
750 13.3 19.4 750 13.5 19.0 650 9.4 9.6 750 9.3 10.2 750 9.7 10.3 750 10.5 11.4 620 11.2 15.8
780 13.1 19.6 800 13.1 18.5 700 9.2 9.4 790 9.2 9.8 800 9.5 10.0 800 10.1 10.9 650 11.8 17.4
790 12.5 18.0 850 13.0 18.2 750 9.4 11.0 800 9.1 10.2 830 9.4 10.8 850 9.9 10.5 700 11.8 19.2
800 13.1 18.9 900 12.4 18.2 800 10.5 13.1 850 9.8 12.4 850 9.0 9.5 900 9.7 10.6 750 12.0 19.2
840 12.9 19.2 950 12.4 18.0 850 10.6 13.6 900 10.5 15.0 900 9.8 13.4 950 10.0 11.6 800 11.9 19.4
850 12.6 18.9 980 12.0 17.2 900 10.6 14.2 950 11.8 15.4 950 9.5 14.4 1000 9.9 14.8 850 11.7 19.5
900 12.4 18.5 1000 12.3 19.3 935 11.9 17.8 970 11.5 16.7 1000 9.7 15.4 1050 9.7 15.4 880 11.9 20.1
950 12.9 19.6 1050 11. 6 18.6 950 11.8 18.0 1000 11.9 16.2 1050 10.2 15.6 1100 9.6 15.4 900 11.7 19.9
1000 12.5 19.5 1085 11.7 18.5 1000 12.1 18.6 1050 11.4 18.4 1150 10.1 15.8 950 12.0 20.2
1045 12.3 19.2 1050 12.1 19.1 1080 11.0 18.4 1200 10.0 16.2 1000 11.8 20.0
1100 12.1 19.6 1240 10.0 16.3 1050 11.9 19.8
1125 12.2 20.0 1100 11.6 19.4
1150 12.2 19.7 1150 11.4 19.0
1200 11.8 19.2 1200 11.4 18.8
1250 12.0 19.4 1250 10.9 18.4
1300 11.9 19.5
1350 11.8 19.4
-------
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 621 Ascn 622 Ascn 623 Ascn 624 Ascn 625 Ascn 626 Ascn 627
21 Oct 71 21 Oct 71 22 Oct 71 22 Oct 71 22 Oct 71 22 Oct 71 2 Nov 71
0832 EST 0956 EST 0632 EST 0810 EST 0944 EST 1048 EST 0707 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh
Z. m WB.oC T.oC h..!!! WB.oC T, 0C h..!!! WB, 0C T, 0C Z, m WB.oC T.oC Z. m WB.oC T.oC Z. m WB.oC T,oC Z. m WB,oC T,oC
Sfc 12.6 13.8 Sfc 15.7 18.2 Sfc 15.8 17.4 Sfc 16.2 17.8 Sfc 17.2 19.5 Sfc 17.8 20.2 Sfc 22.8 24.5
25 12.1 13.1 50 15.0 17.5 50 15.5 17.2 50 15.6 17.4 50 16.8 19.0 50 17.2 19.4 50 22.4 24.2
50 12.1 13.3 100 14-8 17.3 100 15.4 16.9 100 15.5 17.1 100 16.5 18.6 100 16.9 19.0 100 22.4 24.4
100 12.0 13.5 150 14.6 17.0 150 15.2 16.6 150 15.1 16.7 150 16.3 18.2 150 16.7 18.6 150 22.2 24.2
150 12.1 13.7 200 14.2 16.6 200 14.9 16.2 200 15.1 16.4 200 15.9 17.8 200 16.5 18.4 200 21.6 23.4
200 12.2 "14.0 250 14.0 16.1 250 15.0 16.5 250 14.9 16.1 250 15.7 17.3 250 16.2 18.0 250 21.6 23.4
250 12.3 14.2 300 13.6 15.8 300 14.6 15.6 300 14.7 15.8 300 15.5 17.1 300 15.9 17.5 300 21.2 22.7
300 12.5 14.3 350 13.6 15.8 350 14.5 15.6 350 14.4 15.4 350 15.2 16.6 350 15.5 17.0 320 21. 2 22.5
350 12.5 14.3 400 13.6 15.8 400 14.1 15.0 400 14.3 15.3 400 15.0 16.2 400 15.2 16.6 350 21.2 22.8
400 12.4 14.3 450 13.4 15.7 450 14.3 15.5 450 14.0 14.8 450 14.6 15.8 450 15.1 16.2 400 20.9 22.3
450 12.3 14.2 500 13.1 15.6 500 14.1 15.4 500 13.5 14.3 500 14.4 15.4 500 14.7 15.8 450 20.7 21. 9
500 12.4 16.0 550 13.5 17.4 525 14.2 15.7 550 13.7 14.4 550 14.2 15.1 550 14.4 15.4 500 20.5 21.6
550 12.4 16.9 600 12.9 18.2 550 13.9 15.2 600 13.5 14.3 600 13.9 14.6 600 14.3 15.1 550 20.1 21.1
600 12.3 17.4 650 12.6 18.6 600 13.8 14.9 650 13.4 14.4 650 13.6 14.1 650 14~ 0 14.7 600 19.9 20.8
650 12.1 17.7 700 12.3 18.7 650 13.5 14.7 700 13.2 14.1 700 13.3 13.7 700 13.6 14.2 650 19.6 20.2
700 11.9 17.7 750 12.0 19.2 700 13.3 14.1 750 12.9 13.9 750 13.1 13.6 750 13.4 14.0 700 19.3 19.8
750 11.9 18.8 800 11.8 19.4 750 13.0 13.7 800 12.7 13.5 800 13.0 13.6 800 13.4 14.4 720 19.2 19.6
800 11.7 19.0 850 11.6 19.2 800 12.8 13.5 850 12.3 13.0 830 12.8 13.4 850 13..2 14.6
850 11.5 19.2 900 11.6 19.6 850 12.5 13.1 900 12.3 13.1 850 13.0 13.8 900 12.7 14.4
900 11.5 19.2 930 11.6 19.8 900 12.3 12.9 950 12.3 13.6 900 12.7 13.9 950 12.4 14.4
950 11.4 19.3 950 11.3 19.5 950 12.3 13.8 1000 11.7 13.8 950 12.2 13.9 1000 12.2 14.2
1000 11.1 19.1 1000 11.4 19.4 1000 12.0 13.5 1050 11.4 13.8 1000 11.3 14.5 1050 12.1 14.1
1050 11.1 19.0 1050 11.4 19.2 1050 11.8 13.5 1090 11.0 13.8 1050 10.9 14.2 1100 11.8 13.8
1070 11. 1 18.9 1100 11. 4 19.2 1085 11. 5 13.3 1100 10.6 14.0
1125 11.2 19.0 1110 10.5 13.9
I.D
CJ1
-------
~
m
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 628 Ascn 629 Ascn 630 Ascn 631 Ascn 632 Ascn 633 Ascn 634
2 Nov 71 3 Nov 71 3 Nov 71 3 Nov 71 3 Nov 71 4 Nov 71 4 Nov 71
0902 EST 0904 EST 1025 EST 1225 EST 1306 EST 0714 EST 0815 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh
.h..!!! WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T, 0C h..!!I. WB,oC T, 0C Z, m WB,oC T,oC h..!!I. WB,oC T,oC h..!!I. WB,oC T, 0C
Sfc 23.4 24.9 Sfc 11. 1 12.5 Sfc 11.3 13.4 Sfc 11. 2 14.1 Sfc 11.3 14.5 Sfc 3.1 4.5 Sfc 3.2 4.7
50 22.5 24.8 50 10.8 12.2 50 10.6 12.8 50 10.8 13.8 50 10.8 14.1 20 3.2 4.7 50 3.4 4.6
100 22.3 24.6 100 10.6 11.8 100 10.2 12.4 100 10.5 13.5 100 10.4 13.8 50 3.2 4.6 100 3.2 4.2
150 22.0 24.2 150 10.3 11.4 150 10.0 12.0 150 10.3 13.2 150 10.2 13.4 100 2.9 4.3 150 2.8 3.8
200 21. 7 23.8 200 10.0 11.0 200 9.6 11.5 200 10.0 12.8 200 9.8 12.9 150 2.8 3.9 200 2.6 3.4
250 21. 6 23.4 250 9.6 10.6 250 9.2 11.0 250 9.7 12.3 250 9.4 12.4 200 2.6 3.6 250 2.3 3.0
300 21. 2 23.0 300 9.4 10.2 300 9.0 10.7 300 9.5 12.1 300 9.0 12.0 250 2.2 3.2 300 1.9 2.5
350 20.8 22.6 350 9.1 9.8 350 8.7 10.2 350 9.3 11.6 350 8.8 11.6 300 2.0 2.8 350 1.4 2.0
400 20.4 22.3 400 8.8 9.6 400 8.5 9.8 400 9.1 11.3 400 8.5 11.1 350 1.6 2.4 400 0.9 1.5
450 20.2 21. 6 450 8.4 9.2 450 7.9 9.4 450 8.6 10.6 450 8.1 10.6 400 1.3 2.0 450 0.4 1.0
500 20.0 21.3 500 8.2 8.9 500 7.9 8.9 500 8.0 9.9 500 7.6 10.1 450 1.0 1.6 500 0.1 0.6
550 19.7 20.8 550 7.9 8.6 550 7.5 8.3 550 7.7 9.5 550 7.4 9.7 500 0.5 1.1 550 0.2
600 19.3 20.3 600 7.6 8.3 600 7.0 8.1 600 7.3 9.0 600 7.1 9.3 550 0.2 0.7 600 --- - 0.4
650 19.0 19.8 650 7,4 8.1 650 6.7 7.5 650 7.2 8.6 650 6.4 8.7 600 - 0.3 0.2 650 --- - 0.9
700 18.7 19.5 700 7.0 7.7 700 6.4 7.1 700 6.6 8.0 700 6.5 8.3 650 --- - 0.3 700 --- - 1.4
750 18.4 19.0 750 6.6 7.4 750 6.2 6.8 750 6.3 7.6 750 6.1 7.9 700 --- - 0.7 750 --- - 1.8
800 17.9 18.8 800 6.3 7.0 800 5.7 6.5 800 6.2 7.2 800 5.9 7.5 750 --- - 1.0 800 --- - 2.3
850 17.5 18.3 850 5.9 6.6 850 5.1 6.3 850 5.7 6.8 850 5.8 7.3 800 --- - 1.5 850 --- - 2.8
900 17.3 18.2 900 5.6 6.3 900 4.9 6.0 900 5.4 6.6 900 5.6 7.1 850 --- - 1. 9 900 --- - 3.2
950 17.0 17.9 950 5.2 6.0 950 4.8 5.8 950 5.0 6.2 950 5.1 6.6 900 --- - 2.4 950 --- - 3.5
1000 16.7 17.7 1000 4.6 6.3 1000 3.8 5.6 1000 4.6 5.8 1000 5.1 6.3 950 --- - 2.9 1000 --- - 3.7
1050 16.2 17.4 1050 3.8 6.5 1050 3.4 5.7 1050 4.0 5.4 1050 4.8 5.8 1000 --- - 3.2 1050 --- - 4.2
1075 16.0 17.1 1085 3.4 6.5 1085 3.0 5.7 1080 4.0 5.2 1070 4.4 5.3 1050 --- - 3.4 1100 --- - 4.1
1075 --- - 3.4 1150 --- - 3.8
1200 --- - 4.4
-------
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 635 Ascn 636 Ascn 637 Ascn 638 Ascn 639 Ascn 640 Ascn 641
5 Nov 71 5 Nov 71 5 Nov 71 5 Nov 71 6 Nov 71 6 Nov 71 6 Nov 71
0702 EST 0850 EST 1011 EST 1152 EST 0701 EST 0815 EST 1025 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh C-5 Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh
Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T, 0C .h..!!! WB,oC T, 0C .h..!!! WB,oC T,oC .h..!!! WB,oC T,oC .h..!!! WB,oC T,oC .h..!!! WB, ° C T,oC
Sfc 1.6 Sfc Sfc 4.7 6.7 Sfc 8.2 11.4 Sfc 5.7 7.8 Sfc 5.2 5.7 Sfc 7.8 10.4
25 --- - 0.2 50 50 4.4 6.0 50 7.9 11.1 25 3.9 4.0 50 4.2 4.5 50 7.4 9.8
50 0.4 0.4 100 100 4.2 6.0 100 7.5 10.9 50 4.0 4.6 85 4.6 6.0 100 7.2 10.1
100 0.4 0.4 150 150 4.0 5.8 150 7.2 10.5 100 4.2 5.5 100 4.3 5.4 150 7.2 10.4
150 0.6 0.7 200 200 3.9 5.7 200 6.9 10.1 150 4.5 6.3 120 5.2 7.4 200 7.4 10.8
200 1.2 1.6 250 250 3.7 5.3 250 6.6 9.8 165 5.2 7.8 150 5.3 7.8 250 7.4 11.0
250 2.0 2.8 300 4.4 5.0 300 3.8 6.0 300 6.4 9.4 200 5.3 8.0 200 5.2 7.8 300 7.5 11.2
300 3.1 4.2 350 4.2 4.8 350 3.9 6.4 350 6.1 9.1 250 6.0 8.8 250 5.3 7.9 350 7.5 11.2
350 3.4 4.6 365 5.1 5.9 400 3.7 6.2 400 5.7 8.6 300 6.4 9.9 300 5.8 8.8 400 7.6 11.4
400 3.8 5.1 400 4.4 5.7 450 3.7 6.2 450 5.5 8.3 350 6.8 10.6 350 6.6 10.2 450 7.6 11.4
450 4.0 5.2 450 4.0 5.6 500 3.5 5.9 500 5.0 7.7 400 6.8 10.6 400 6.6 10.4 485 7.7 11.6
500 3.9 5.2 500 3.7 5.4 550 3.2 5.5 550 4.7 7.4 450 6.8 10.5 450 6.6 10.2 500 7.6 11.5
550 4.0 5.2 550 3.6 5.2 600 3.0 5.2 600 4.4 7.1 500 6.7 10.2 500 6.4 9.9 550 7.5 11.4
600 3.7 4.8 600 3.4 4.8 650 2.7 4.9 650 4.0 6.6 550 6.7 10.3 550 6.3 9.7 600 7.5 11.3
650 3.4 4.4 650 3.3 4.4 700 2.4 4.5 700 3.7 6.2 600 6.6 10.2 600 6.1 9.5 650 7.4 11.0
700 3.1 4.0 700 3.1 4.0 750 2.0 4.2 750 2.7 5.1 650 6.5 10.0 650 6.0 9.4 700 7.3 10.7
750 2.8 3.6 750 2.9 3.6 800 1.7 3.8 800 2.2 5.6 700 6.5 10.0 700 5.9 9.3 750 7.1 10.3
&00 2.5 3.2 800 2.8 3.3 850 1.4 3.5 850 2.8 5.0 750 6.4 9.8 750 6.0 9.3 800 6.9 9.9
825 2.5 3.2 850 2.7 3.3 900 1.3 3.5 900 2.4 5.0 800 6.4 9.6 800 6.1 9.2 850 6.7 9.7
850 2.6 3.5 900 2.8 3.6 950 0.9 3.4 950 2.2 5.8 850 6.3 9.3 850 6.0 8.9 900 6.6 9.4
900 2.8 4.0 950 2.9 3.9 1000 0.8 3.6 1000 1.8 5.8 900 6.3 9.0 900 5.8 8.6 950 6.2 8.8
950 2.8 4.2 1000 2.8 3.9 1050 0.8 3.8 1050 1.8 6.0 950 6.6 8.6 950 5.7 8.3 1000 6.0 8.5
1000 2.7 4.1 1050 2.6 3.9 1080 0.8 3.8 1100 1.7 5.6 1000 5.7 8.2 1000 5.6 7.8 1050 5.9 8.2
1050 2.5 3.9 1080 2.4 3.8 1150 2.1 5.6 1050 5.4 7.8 1050 5.1 7.5 1085 5.6 7.8
1090 2.2 3.7 1200 2.4 5.4 1100 5.2 7.4 1100 5.0 7.2
1220 2.6 5.4
lD
""-J
-------
~
co
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 642 Ascn 643 Ascn 644 Ascn 645 Ascn 646 Ascn 647 Ascn 648
6 Nov 71 9 Nov 71 9 Nov 71 9 Nov 71 9 Nov 71 12 Nov 71 12 Nov 71
1146 EST 0713 EST 0828 EST 1026 EST 1202 EST 0706 EST 0850 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh
Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC .hJ!l. WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC .hJ!l. WB,oC T, 0C Z, m WB,oC T, 0C .hJ!l. WB,oC T,oC
Sfc 11.7 15.2 Sfc --- - 1.4 Sfc 1.0 Sfc 4.5 5.4 Sfc 5.0 7.2 Sfc 5.5 5.9 Sfc 8.6 10.4
50 11. 1 14.8 20 --- - 1.8 50 0.9 50 4.3 4.7 50 4.9 6.3 20 4.2 4.2 50 8.4 10.2
100 10.8 14.6 50 --- - 0.6 100 0.6 100 4.0 4.3 100 5.0 6.2 30 5.8 7.0 100 8.1 9.8
150 10.5 14.4 100 0.2 150 0.5 150 3.5 3.7 150 5.2 6.2 50 6.7 8.2 150 7.8 9.4
200 10.3 14.1 150 0.2 200 0.3 200 3.2 3.4 200 4.6 5.6 100 6.8 8.4 200 7.7 9.2
250 10.2 14.0 200 0.0 250 0.1 250 2.7 2.9 250 4.3 5.2 150 7.1 8.6 250 7.6 9.0
300 10.0 13.8 250 --- - 0.4 300 --- - 0.5 300 2.2 2.4 300 4.0 4.8 200 7.2 8.8 300 7.2 8.8
350 Y.6 13.4 300 --- - 0.6 350 --- - 0.9 350 1.8 2.0 350 3.6 4.2 250 7.3 9.0 350 7.0 8.3
400 9.3 12.9 350 --- - 0.8 400 --- - 1. 2 400 1.4 1.6 400 3.3 3.9 300 7.2 8.8 400 6.8 8.2
450 9.0 12.5 400 1.4 450 --- - 1.4 450 0.7 0.9 450 2.9 3.4 350 6.9 8.3 450 6.6 8.0
500 8.7 12.1 450 --- - 1.4 500 --- - 1. 5 500 0.2 0.4 500 2.2 2.7 400 6.8 8.1 500 6.5 7.8
550 8.6 11.8 500 --- - 1. 5 550 --- - 1.8 550 0.0 550 1.8 2.2 450 6.7 8.0- 550 6.6 8.0
600 8.2 11.4 550 --- - 1. 6 600 --- - 1. 6 600 --- - 0.5 600 1.3 1.6 500 6.6 7.8 600 6.5 7.9
650 8.0 11. 1 600 --- - 1.4 650 --- - 1. 9 650 --- - 0.9 650 1.0 1.2 550 6.4 7.6 650 6.2 7.4
700 7.7 10.7 £50 --- - 1.4 670 --- - 1. 2 700 --- - 1. 3 700 0.8 0.8 600 6.1 7.5 700 6.1 7.2
750 7.4 10.2 700 --- - 1. 6 680 --- - 1.0 750 --- - 1.1 750 0.2 650 6.0 7.5 750 5.9 7.3
800 7.1 9.8 750 --- - 1.8 700 --- - 1.0 800 --- - 1.2 800 --- - 0.2 700 5.8 7.4 800 5.5 6.9
850 6.9 9.5 800 --- - 1. 5 750 --- - 1. 5 850 --- - 1. 3 850 --- - 0.9 750 5.6 7.1 850 5.2 6.6
YOO 6.6 9.1 850 --- - 2.0 800 --- - 1.4 900 --- - 1. 7 900 --- - 1.8 800 5.1 6.7 900 4.9 6.5
950 6.4 8.8 870 --- - 1.8 850 --- - 1. 5 950 --- - 2.2 950 --- - 2.1 850 4.9 6.5 950 4.6 6.9
1000 6.2 8.4 900 --- - 2.4 900 --- - 1.8 1000 --- - 2.5 1000 --- - 2.4 900 4.6 6.2 1000 4.2 6.7
1050 6.0 8.2 950 --- - 2.0 950 --- - 2.2 1050 --- - 2.2 1050 --- - 2.7 950 4.3 6.0 1050 4.1 6.6
1100 5.8 8.0 1000 --- - 2.2 1000 --- - 2.4 1100 --- - 2.2 1000 4.0 5.8 1080 4.0 6.6
1110 5.7 7.8 1050 --- - 2.4 1050 --- - 2.6 1050 3.8 5.7
1070 --- - 2.6 1070 --- - 2.6 1080 3.6 5.8
-------
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 649 Ascn 650 Ascn 651 Ascn 652 Ascn 653 Ascn 654 Ascn 655
12 Nov 71 12 Nov 71 13 Nov 71 13 Nov 71 13 Nov 71 16 Nov 71 16 Nov 71
1029 EST 1130 EST 0657 EST 0850 EST 1021 EST 0852 EST 1016 EST
Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh Keys tone Keystone
b...J!! WB,oC T,oC b...J!! WB, ° C T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB, ° C T,oC L....!!!. WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB, ° C T, ° C Z, m WB,oC T,oC
Sfc 10.8 13.6 Sfc 11.6 14.2 Sfc 12.5 15.0 Sfc 11.6 13.8 Sfc 12.0 14.6 Sfc 10.6 11.1 Sfc 10.9 12.1
50 10.3 13.3 50 10.8 13.6 50 12.4 15.0 50 11.3 13.5 50 11.6 14.1 50 10.1 10.7 50 10.5 11.7
100 9.8 12.7 100 10.7 13.4 100 12.1 14.6 100 11.0 13.2 100 11.3 13.7 100 9.8 10.4 100 10.4 11.4
150 9.5 12.2 150 10.3 12.9 150 11. 9 14.3 150 10.7 12.8 150 11.1 13.4 150 9.7 10.3 150 10.0 10.9
200 9.3 11.9 200 9.9 12.5 200 11.7 14.0 200 10.4 12.4 200 10.8 13.1 190 9.9 10.9 200 9.7 10.6
250 8.9 11.4 250 9.7 12.2 250 11.4 13.5 250 10.1 11.9 250 10.6 12.8 200 9.8 10.9 240 9.6 10.7
300 8.7 11.1 300 9.4 11.6 300 11.2 13.1 300 9.8 11 .4 300 10.1 12.0 250 9.6 10.7 250 9.4 10.5
350 8.5 10.7 350 8.9 11. 1 350 10.9 12.6 350 9.5 11.0 350 9.9 11.7 300 9.4 10.4 300 9.2 10.2
400 8.1 10.2 400 8.7 10.8 400 10.7 12.1 400 9.1 10.5 400 9.5 11.2 350 9.1 10.2 350 8.9 9.8
450 7.7 9.7 450 8.5 10.4 450 10.2 11. 6 450 8.8 10.1 450 9.0 10.8 400 9.0 10.0 400 8.6 9.4
500 7.6 9.4 500 8.0 9.8 500 10.0 11.3 500 8.4 9.5 500 8.8 10.4 450 8.8 9.9 450 8.3 9.1
550 7.0 .8.8 550 7.8 9.4 550 9.6 10.7 550 8.2 9.1 550 8.5 10.1 500 8.5 9.7 500 8.0 9.0
600 6.7 8.4 600 7.4 8.9 600 9.3 10.3 600 7.9 8.7 590 8.3 9.6 550 8.2 9.4 550 7.9 8.9
650 6.4 7.9 650 7.0 8.4 650 8.9 9.8 650 7.5 8.1 600 8.5 10.0 600 7.9 9.0 600 7.6 8.6
700 5.9 7.4 700 6.6 7.8 700 8.7 9.4 700 7.2 7.8 640 8.1 9.3 650 7.6 8.6 650 7.4 8.4
750 5.9 7.5 750 6.4 7.4 750 8.4 9.0 750 7.0 7.6 650 8.1 9.5 700 7.3 8.2 700 7.0 8.0
800 5.5 6.9 800 6.1 7.0 800 8.1 8.6 800 6.9 7.4 700 8.1 9.6 750 7.0 7.8 750 6.6 7.6
850 5.3 6.6 850 5.8 6.6 850 7.8 8.1 850 6.7 7 1 750 7.9 9.4 800 6.7 7.4 800 6.3 7.1
900 5.1 6.5 900 5.5 6.3 900 7.6 7.8 900 6.5 7.0 800 7.7 9.1 850 6.3 6.9 850 5.9 6.6
930 4.8 6.4 950 5.1 6.1 950 7.4 7.6 950 6.3 6.7 850 7.4 8.8 900 6.0 6.5 900 5.6 6.2
950 4.5 6.9 1000 4.7 5.8 995 7.2 7.3 1000 6.2 6.5 900 7.3 8.5 950 5.7 6.1 950 5.3 5.8
1000 4.0 7.0 1050 4.4 5.9 1050 5.9 6.2 950 7.0 8.1 1000 5.4 5.7 1000 5.0 5.4
1050 3.7 6.8 1100 3.9 7.0 1000 6.8 7.7 1050 5.1 5.3 1050 4.7 5.0
1070 3.5 6.6 1150 3.6 6.7 1050 6.5 7.4 1070 5.0 5.2 1100 4.5 4.7
1095 3.5 6.6 1200 3.4 6.5 1100 6.6 7.5
1240 3.2 6.4 1150 6.1 7.2
1200 5.9 7.0
1250 5.6 6.8
--J
<.D
<.D
-------
N Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
0
0
Ascn 656 Ascn 657 Ascn 658 Ascn 659 Ascn 660 Ascn 661 Ascn 662
16 Nov 71 16 Nov 71 17 Nov 71 17 Nov 71 17 Nov 71 17 Nov 71 17 Nov 71
1111 EST 1225 EST 0704 EST 0856 EST 1 002 EST 1125 EST 1351 EST
Keys tone Keystone Conemaugh C-3 Conemaugh C-3 Conemaugh Conemaugh Conemaugh
Z, m WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB , ° C T,oC Z, m WB, ° C T,oC h..!!! WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC h..!!! WB,oC T,oC Z, m WB,oC T,oC
Sfc 11.3 12.7 Sfc 11.5 13.5 Sfc Sfc Sfc 7.1 7.4 Sfc 11.0 12.6 Sfc 14.6 18.6
50 10.9 12.5 50 11.0 13.2 50 50 50 6.3 6.5 50 10.5 12.2 50 13.8 17.8
100 10.7 12.1 100 10.8 12.9 100 60 6.6 7.0 100 6.1 6.3 100 10.0 11.7 100 13.3 17.2
150 10.4 11.8 150 10.4 12.5 150 6.5 6.7 100 6.5 6.9 150 6.1 6.3 150 9.8 11.5 150 13.1 17.0
200 10.2 11.4 200 10.1 12.0 200 7.5 8.4 150 6.5 6.9 200 7.1 7.8 200 9.5 11.1 200 12.7 16.5
250 9.9 10.9 250 9.7 11.5 250 7.8 9.0 180 6.4 6.8 250 7.5 8.6 250 9.3 10.7 250 12.3 16.1
300 9.7 10.6 300 9.3 11.0 290 8.0 9.3 200 6.5 7.0 300 7.8 9.2 300 9.5 11.4 300 12.2 15.6
350 9.3 10.1 350 9.2 10.7 300 7.9 9.2 230 6.4 7.0 350 8.2 9.9 350 9.6 11.8 350 11.9 15.2
400 9.1 9.8 400 8.8 10.2 350 7.8 9.1 250 7.1 8.1 400 8.4 10.1 400 9.4 11 .6 400 11.3 15.1
450 8.8 9.4 450 8.4 9.8 400 7.8 8.9 280 7.5 8.9 450 8.3 10.1 450 9.5 11.5 450 11.0 14.8
500 8.5 9.0 500 8.1 9.4 450 7.6 8.7 300 7.5 8.9 500 8.2 10.0 500 9.2 11.4 500 10.6 14.6
550 8.1 8.5 550 7.6 9.0 500 7.8 9.0 350 7.6 9.0 550 8.0 9.8 550 9.3 11.6 550 10.2 13.8
600 7.9 8.1 565 8.0 9.1 550 7.8 9.6 400 7.7 9.1 600 8.1 9.6 600 9.0 11.4 600 10.1 13.5
650 7.6 8.0 600 7.7 8.5 600 7.8 9.6 450 7.7 9.2 630 8.1 9.7 650 8.7 11.0 625 10.1 13.4
700 8.2 8.3 650 7.4 8.0 625 7.8 9.6 500 7.7 9.5 650 8.3 10.3 700 8.7 10.9 650 9.8 14.0
710 8.3 8.4 700 7.0 7.6 650 8.0 10.6 550 7.7 9.5 700 8.2 10.7 750 8.4 11.4 700 9.5 13.9
750 7.8 7.8 750 6.6 7.2 700 8.0 11.2 600 7.6 9.4 725 7.9 10.9 800 8.8 12.6 750 9.0 13.7
770 6.7 7.0 800 6.1 6.6 750 8.6 12.0 650 7.5 9.3 750 8.5 12.1 850 8.1 13.4 800 8.6 14.0
800 6.3 6.9 850 5.9 6.2 800 8.8 12.8 700 7.9 10.7 800 8.7 12.9 900 8.0 13.7 850 8.5 14.3
850 6.0 6.5 900 5.6 5.8 850 8.4 13.4 750 8.4 11.9 850 8.0 13.3 950 7.9 13.7 900 8.3 14.3
900 5.7 6.1 950 5.4 5.6 900 8.1 13.5 800 8.6 12.5 900 7.7 13.5 1000 7.9 13.9 950 8.2 14.2
950 5.4 5.7 950 8.0 13.6 850 8.2 12.9 950 7.7 13.6 1050 7.9 14.2 1000 8.1 14.3
1000 5.0 5.2 1000 8.0 13.8 900 7.6 13.2 1000 7.8 13.8 1100 7.9 14.2 1050 8.1 14.2
1050 4.7 4.9 1050 8.1 14.1 950 7.6 13.4 1050 7.8 13.8 1095 8.0 14.0
1075 4.7 4.8 1100 8.0 14.2 1000 7.8 13.6 1100 7.6 13.7
1150 7.8 14.0 1050 7.8 13.8 1150 7.6 13.5
1200 7.7 13.9 11 00 7.6 13.7 1185 7.6 13.4
1250 7.7 13.7 1150 7.6 13.5
1260 7.7 13.6 1200 7.5 13.4
1250 7.2 13.2
1265 7.4 13.2
-------
Table 8. (continued) HELICOPTER TEMPERATURE PROFILES
Ascn 663
17 Nov 71
1554 EST
Conemaugh
Z, m WB,oC T,oC
Sfc 14.8 19.4
50 14.4 19.0
100 14.2 18.9
150 13.9 18.!>
200 13.7 18.2
250 13.4 17.8
300 13.0 17.2
350 12.8 16.9
400 12.5 16.4
450 12.2 15.9
500 11.8 15.4
550 11.6 15.0
600 11.3 14.6
650 11.1 14.1
700 10.8 13.8
750 10.7 13.7
800 10.4 13.4
850 10.1 13.5
900 8.8 13.4
930 8.5 13.4
950 8.2 13.5
1000 8.1 13.6
1050 7.9 13.6
1100 7.9 13.7
1150 7.6 13.4
1200 7.7 13.3
1235 7.4 13.0
N
a
-------
PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Pilot balloon measurements of winds aloft were made at the Conemaugh or
Keystone Station during all LAPPES experiments. Depending on prevailing meteoro-
logical conditions and the length of flights, as few as three and as many as ten
ascensions per series day were made, usually at 30-minute intervals. Most of the
pilot balloons were tracked using the double-theodolite technique; when fog pre-
vented visibility between sites, single-theodolite releases were made. Similarly,
when one observer lost the balloon prematurely, the computer calculated the remain.
ing portion of the run based on observations from a single theodolite, using the
previously determined double-theodolite ascension rate.
Table 9 lists the winds aloft in increments of 50 meters above Conemaugh or
Keystone stack-base elevation, up to a maximum height of 1500 meters. The wind
speed and direction for each level were obtained from the original data by inter-
polating between the 30-second readings.
Ascn
EST
Single
Double
Combined
Z, m
D, deg
S, mps
Sfc
202
Table 9.
PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Legend
Letter designates release point, i.e., C = Conemaugh; K = Keystone.
Ascensions consecutively numbered beginning with 1 each day.
Release time of pilot balloon.
Balloon tracked by one theodolite; standard ascension rate.
Balloon tracked by two theodolites; calculated ascension rate.
: Ascension started as double but terminated as single; calculated
ascension rate for double portion extrapolated for single portion.
Height above Conemaugh or Keystone stack base elevation in whole
meters.
Wind direction in degrees of azimuth to nearest tenth.
Wind speed in meters per second to nearest tenth.
: Surface wind direction and speed determined by portable anemometer.
-------
Table 9. PILOT BALL08N MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7 Ascn C-8
21 Apr 71 21 Apr 71 21 Apr 71 21 Apr 71 21 Apr 71 21 Apr 71 21 Apr 71 21 Apr 71
0740 EST 0810 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0935 EST 1000 EST 11 00 EST 1130 EST
Single Double Double Double Single Double Combined Double
Z, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mDs D,deg S,mps D,deg S,m~ D,deg S,mps .hJ11.
Sfc 0.0 0.0 0.0 280.0 1.7 280.0 1.3 030.0 2.6 040.0 2.6 150.0 1.7 Sfc
50 080.4 0.5 261.7 1.9 279.6 2.2 281.3 4.4 290.8 4.4 277.5 4.0 245.9 4.6 249.0 4.5 50
100 281.2 0.2 248.0 2.9 258.4 3.4 274.3 4.9 281.4 4.4 287.6 5.0 244.5 4.6 244.6 4.7 100
150 249.6 1.0 247.0 4.6 258.4 4.7 271.7 5.3 265.2 3.6 287.9 5.3 243.0 4.6 240.5 4.8 150
200 247.7 2.3 250.8 7.0 262.8 5.9 281.9 6.1 243.8 3.3 282.7 4.4 236.9 5.0 238.5 4.4 200
250 250.6 4.1 252.8 7.2 267.7 7.1 268.1 4.2 228.4 3.7 275.1 3.6 231.7 5.5 236.2 4.0 250
300 259.6 6.4 257.6 7.6 271.6 8.2 278.5 5.3 258.4 6.1 260.2 3.7 237.5 5.4 236.0 3.7 300
350 265.1 7.5 263.4 8.7 273.5 8.4 281.9 5.6 267.1 8.4 246.8 4.1 246.1 5.5 241.3 3.7 350
400 271.5 7.8 266.4 7.5 275.7 8.5 282.3 5.6 270.6 9.5 271. 2 6.4 262.0 6.7 246.8 3.6 400
450 279.1 9.2 271. 5 7.8 279.5 8.4 282.2 5.7 278.4 8.7 249.8 5.4 274.4 7.9 255.8 4.3 450
500 288.5 9.9 276.4 9.6 280.5 8.6 290.5 6.0 284.1 11.2 245.2 5.7 278.4 10.0 262.4 5.1 500
550 294.8 10.5 284.1 10.3 282.2 9.4 294.1 10.2 285.8 11.2 281.0 10.3 266.1 6.2 550
600 298.6 11.1 289.1 10.2 288.1 8.1 294.4 8.8 288.5 9.4 283.9 9.6 272.6 6.8 600
650 302.8 11.6 293.0 10.2 292.2 9.8 291.1 12.2 297.9 10.2 313.3 15.2 650
700 302.3 11.2 294.9 12.7 290.8 11. 3 289.2 12.5 303.9 10.7 318.2 17.8 700
750 300.8 11.4 295.7 12.1 289.6 9.3 286.5 8.7 302.4 11.8 301.0 12.6 750
800 299.5 11.5 296.3 9.9 289.3 8.8 286.5 14.3 301.0 12.8 292.6 13.3 800
850 298.8 11.2 295.9 7.7 288.5 10.2 300.9 13.2 290.4 15.0 850
900 298.4 10.6 294.3 11.1 289.3 10.2 298.9 13.5 290.4 15.3 900
950 298.9 10.6 294.0 12.2 292.2 10.2 301.6 13.0 290.2 15.6 950
1000 295.5 11.0 291.4 15.0 295.1 12.5 300.8 14.2 290.0 15.9 1000
1050 293.1 11.1 296.2 8.0 293.6 13.4 297.1 14.3 1050
1100 292.4 11.4 290.8 16.4 293.7 13.4 292.1 14.4 1100
1150 291.5 12.7 290.9 13.6 293.7 14.4 290.4 17.1 1150
1200 290.4 12.5 289.5 13.5 292.8 17.2 287.5 15.9 1200
1250 290.2 13.8 289.0 15.2 293.2 14.8 287.9 20.1 1250
1300 290.2 14.5 290.1 15.5 292.3 16.2 288.3 22.4 1300
1350 291.0 20.7 1350
N
a
w
-------
N
a
*'"
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5
22 Apr 71 22 Apr 71 22 Apr 71 23 Apr 71 23 ADr 71 23 Apr 71 23 Apr 71 23 Apr 71
0800 EST 0830 EST 0850 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST
Double Double Double Combi ned Double Combi ned Single Double
Z, m D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfc 270.0 2.6 070.0 5.3 070.0 4.4 0.0 070.0 1.3 020.0 2.2 290.0 1.7 070.0 4.4 Sfc
50 268.1 4.6 266.3 5.8 270.3 5.9 272.9 1.3 265.9 2.4 226.5 2.3 321.2 2.5 262.7 5.5 50
100 279.3 6.9 270.3 6.7 278.3 8.2 264.1 2.0 270.0 2.6 221.8 2.6 301.4 2.3 266.1 6.7 100
150 282.2 8.3 272.9 7.3 274.3 9.4 246.2 2.3 263.2 2.7 238.6 3.0 296.9 1.6 265.6 7.0 150
200 283.9 6.8 273.3 8.1 272.3 7.8 230.5 2.7 257.7 3.4 258.8 3.8 285.4 1.0 263.9 7.4 200
250 271. 3 9.1 291.1 7.8 241.8 2.9 270.8 4.0 258.7 4.2 260.7 1.3 264.2 8.2 250
300 271.2 7.9 297.9 8.1 253.4 3.3 285.3 4.4 272.6 5.2 268.1 1.8 270.0 9.6 300
350 273.4 10.8 270.6 4.0 289.2 6.0 280.3 4.0 270.0 2.3 263.0 7.6 350
400 284.7 14.0 282.3 6.2 295.0 6.2 323.7 13.8 270.2 2.7 259.3 5.5 400
450 310.1 18.7 291 .4 6.0 308.2 5.5 310.4 12.7 274.0 3.2 274.4 3.2 450
500 317.0 21. 5 300.6 6.3 317.3 7.1 298.4 7.7 277.7 4.0 290.9 5.2 500
550 310.2 6.5 330.1 7.7 302.3 5.8 282.8 4.7 304.3 3.7 550
600 318.6 6.7 306.7 5.2 307.0 6.3 287.2 5.2 297.5 6.1 600
650 319.9 7.6 311 .1 6.6 310.4 6.4 281.1 7.1 650
700 309.5 7.1 312.8 7.9 315.3 5.8 278.2 8.9 700
750 311.4 7.7 308.5 8.2 314.9 5.5 750
800 310.1 8.2 304.6 8.5 304.8 6.2 800
850 302.8 8.2 303.2 8.3 300.2 7.5 850
900 297.9 8.2 300.7 9.4 293.3 7.5 900
950 295.9 9.9 298.3 11.5 290.6 8.4 950
1000 296.4 11.5 296.0 11. 3 1000
1050 302.9 13.2 293.0 10.1 1050
1100 309.6 14.5 294.8 11.6 1100
1150 296.4 13.2 1150
-------
Table 9, (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Asen C-6 Asen C-7 Asen C-8 Asen C-9 Asen C-l Asen C-2 Asen C-3 As en C-4
23 Apr 71 23 Apr 71 23 Apr 71 23 Apr 71 24 Apr 71 24 Apr 71 24 Apr 71 24 Apr 71
1000 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST 1130 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 090G EST
Double Double Combined Combined Doubl e Single Combined Single
Z, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfe 060.0 5.8 080.0 3.5 090.0 4.9 070.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 290.0 7.5 290.0 6.2 Sfe
50 286.1 6.4 271.0 4.0 273.6 3.7 269.5 7.5 278.4 0.3 254.5 2.7 250.3 8.4 237.9 6.7 50
100 290.0 7.7 275.7 5.1 272.6 5.0 272.6 9.3 241.7 1.5 222.1 3.4 244.8 8.9 240.3 14.8 100
150 290.9 8.5 278.2 5.6 271.9 6.2 277.1 8.9 217.0 5.6 219.7 5.4 239.9 9.5 244.5 23.5 150
200 290.9 8.4 280.0 5.5 270.6 6.3 274.3 9.5 213.9 9.1 223.1 8.2 240.2 11.8 246.5 29.8 200
250 289.5 7.1 277.4 5.6 269.4 6.4 272.0 10.2 213.3 11.6 226.9 12.4 240.6 14.2 246.8 31.2 250
300 287.8 6.1 274.7 5.8 268.6 6.6 270.0 10.9 215.3 13.4 232.9 13.1 240.8 16.6 246.8 20.3 300
350 287.2 6.2 273.6 6.5 267.9 6.9 268.6 12.2 218.5 14.7 237.3 14.2 239.8 18.1 247.1 16.4 350
400 286.5 6.3 272.1 6.9 266.4 7.0 267.6 13.4 224.4 14.0 239.6 15.3 238.7 19.6 248.0 15.4 400
450 286.4 5.9 266.2 5.6 262.5 6.9 266.7 14.7 230.8 14.3 239.6 14.8 237.8 19.9 302.6 0.9 450
500 286.5 5.1 272.6 4.6 258.6 6.9 265.9 15.9 234.3 14.9 240.5 16.3 236.8 18.9 209.2 3.1 500
550 288.8 5.2 267.9 5.4 254.7 6.8 265.3 17.2 236.4 15.6 241.3 18.1 235.2 19.5 229.8 8.1 550
600 290.8 6.8 261.9 6.5 250.7 6.8 263.8 14.6 238.2 16.1 242.5 19.5 237.1 17.5 243.7 12.6 600
650 290.1 8.4 255.8 6.3 252.7 7.1 260.8 10.4 239.8 16.8 246.0 18.8 240.6 15.2 248.9 14.8 650
700 288.0 7.5 254.7 7.1 256.0 7.4 253.5 6.2 242.0 16.9 248.2 15.1 241.2 18.1 248.9 18.0 700
750 287.3 8.0 259.9 9.5 259.0 7.7 221.3 2.4 249.1 14.6 248.8 14.5 241. 7 21.0 251.9 22.5 750
800 285.5 8.5 262.5 9.8 261.8 8.1 152.8 1.9 247.9 18.1 248.2 16.3 242.6 20.9 253.5 25.1 800
850 284.1 8.9 264.8 8.0 264.3 8.5 251.0 2.3 245.4 23.3 247.7 18.7 243.6 20.7 253.4 25.9 850
900 284.5 9.2 271.8 6.8 265.5 8.7 272.0 5.3 245.2 26.2 248.2 18.3 244.9 19.2 252.3 28.0 900
950 288.6 9.4 278.0 5.2 266.0 8.8 276.6 7.3 245.0 29.1 245.5 19.2 246.7 16.9 255.7 27.6 950
1000 299.4 8.9 279.3 7.3 266.5 8.8 278.1 7.5 245.7 28.2 245.0 22.0 261.8 16.9 255.1 23.5 1000
1050 299.2 15.7 281.2 6.3 267.0 8.9 279.4 7.6 252.5 15.5 244.8 23.1 280.0 20.0 256.8 21.4 1050
1100 303.9 8.6 288.1 4.1 270.6 8.6 280.3 7.9 257.6 12.7 244.7 23.1 270.3 22.0 260.3 19.8 1100
1150 301.6 8.8 275.7 8.3 280.1 8.7 251.8 21.4 244.9 24.3 255.3 24.9 260.1 12.6 1150
1200 276.0 9.0 279.8 9.4 252.0 23.9 246.5 22.6 250.9 27.6 260.9 12.4 1200
1250 273.0 10.7 280.0 10.0 254.7 21.2 249.7 30.0 258.1 12.0 1250
1300 270.9 12.3 284.4 9.1 258.8 16.5 248.2 29.1 256.4 11.8 1300
1350 270.1 13.3 289.6 8.3 246.3 26.9 1350
1400 269.4 14.2 291.8 8.0 246.7 26.7 1400
N 1450 268.8 15.2 283.6 9.4 248.2 27.5 1450
C> 1500 268.6 15.7 277.6 10.9 249.3 30.6 1500
U1
-------
N Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
a
0">
Ascn C-5 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7
24 Apr 71 26 Apr 71 26 Apr 71 26 Apr 71 26 Apr 71 26 Apr 71 26 Apr 71 26 Apr 71
0930 EST 0630 EST 0700 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST
Double Single Double Double Double Double Doubl e Double
Z, m D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfc 290.0 6.2 0.0 250.0 0.8 240.0 3.1 250.0 4.0 230.0 2.6 220.0 3.5 230.0 3.5 Sfc
50 261. 9 8.0 329.6 2.6 265.9 5.6 287.9 4.4 278.5 6.3 277.4 6.2 276.5 5.6 279.1 5.4 50
100 246.4 9.2 247.7 3.8 276.0 6.0 299.8 5.3 274.0 7.9 279.9 6.9 287.1 6.5 281.0 6.5 100
150 242.9 9.8 224.1 4.2 278.7 6.5 275.3 9.0 281.4 8.5 294.4 7.1 278.7 6.7 150
200 239.8 10.5 230.4 3.3 267.1 7.3 281.3 8.5 286.5 8.6 300.6 7.6 273.4 6.3 200
250 238.1 11.3 225.2 2.3 261.7 7.3 286.3 8.9 280.4 6.8 301.8 7.7 274.9 7.3 250
300 240.5 12.2 265.3 5.4 261. 9 6.1 283.0 9.6 279.0 7.7 275.4 8.5 300
350 242.6 13.1 276.1 7.3 260.8 6.2 279.4 9.8 279.6 8.6 271. 6 9.2 350
400 244.4 14.0 284.0 7.8 260.8 6.7 274.6 9.3 283.2 9.4 282.4 9.6 400
450 245.8 14.3 286.1 9.2 272.3 8.9 273.6 9.5 286.1 10.3 288.7 9.8 450
500 246.9 13.9 282.9 9.4 279.1 11.3 275.4 10.1 285.8 9.9 290.6 9.9 500
550 248.2 13.5 280.6 8.8 280.9 11. 1 275.4 9.7 281. 6 8.4 289.3 9.9 550
600 249.5 13.2 279.7 8.5 282.0 10.2 274.2 8.6 275.6 7.0 285.8 11.3 600
650 250.7 13.7 278.9 10.2 281.7 10.0 275.8 9.1 270.9 6.4 282.5 13.1 650
700 251.8 14.1 279.4 12.0 280.3 10.4 277.5 9.9 273.7 7.7 281. 4 13.0 700
750 252.9 14.6 "279.2 14.3 278.3 11.3 279.1 11.6 275.7 9.0 281.0 11.8 750
800 254.5 14.8 280.3 15.4 276.3 12.5 280.3 13.3 276.6 9.6 281.6 11. 5 800
850 257.5 14.2 282.2 15.8 274.9 12.9 283.2 13.3 283.3 12.4 850
900 260.7 13.7 282.2 17.0 273.9 12.9 287.1 12.7 284.9 14.5 900
950 264.1 13.3 274.3 13.0 290.5 12.3 286.2 17.6 950
1000 266.8 12.9 275.6 13.2 287.2 20.8 1000
1050 265.3 12.8 276.7 8.4 288.3 17.9 1050
1100 263.8 12.6 290.0 14.9 1100
1150 262.2 12.5 290.7 13.9 1150
1200 261.4 12.2 1200
1250 262.6 11.5 1250
1300 263.9 10.8 1300
1350 265.5 10.1 1350
1400 261.2 12.6 1400
1450 258.3 15.0 1450
1500 256.2 17.6 1500
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5
28 Apr 71 28 Apr 71 28 Apr 71 29 Apr 71 29 Apr 71 29 ADr 71 29 Apr 71 29 Apr 71
0630 EST 0700 EST 0800 EST 0630 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST
Double Double Double Single Single Double Double Single
Z, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps ~
Sfc 0.0 320.0 5.3 320.0 2.6 260.0 5.3 030.0 7.1 060.0 6.7 070.0 7.1 060.0 5.8 Sfc
50 086.6 1.0 189.1 3.0 194.2 3.7 254.7 6.5 277.7 7.1 286.3 7.6 278.2 7.8 280.4 3.8 50
100 146.0 1.9 184.1 4.3 180.8 4.0 259.6 10.4 285.3 11.8 254.9 7.6 274.4 9.8 268.6 6.6 100
150 160.6 3.5 183.1 5.4 180.0 3.1 260.6 10.4 282.0 13.9 257.1 7.2 280.9 11.8 268.8 7.4 150
200 160.8 3.6 184.7 6.4 191.1 1.8 260.7 10.6 276.2 14.7 259.3 7.4 279.9 11. 7 269.7 7.5 200
250 187.5 7.1 192.9 2.5 259.8 13.2 268.1 14.7 260.6 8.9 276.6 11.4 269.1 7.4 250
300 189.4 7.2 193.6 2.9 261.2 13.2 269.8 20.4 261.6 10.4 274.7 15.5 270.5 7.9 300
350 191.5 7.4 261.3 13.0 271.8 24.2 262.5 11. 7 274.9 14.9 270.7 9.7 350
400 193.6 8.1 261.5 12.4 274.2 28.2 267.5 11.2 276.0 8.5 270.3 12.5 400
450 190.6 9.3 268.3 10.6 275.9 40.4 273.0 10.7 270.4 14.6 450
500 192.4 10.0 272.1 11.8 274.5 36.9 284.9 9.5 271.6 14.8 500
550 197.1 9.3 271.4 13.5 272.6 26.8 279.7 14.7 273.5 13.0 550
600 197.4 10.6 270.2 14.7 270.4 12.5 278.6 16.1 275.9 10.8 600
650 202.0 9.7 274.1 14.9 086.6 4.6 278.0 17.0 275.8 11. 7 650
700 275.5 12.7 275.1 12.2 277.9 18.6 275.9 11.5 700
750 276.4 20.7 278.3 17.7 750
800 277.3 23.3 279.4 16.9 800
850 280.1 16.5 850
N
o
'-J
-------
N (continued)
a Table 9. PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
co
Asen C-1 Asen C-2 Ascn C-3 As en C-4 Asen C-5 Asen C-6 Asen C-7 Asen C-8
4 May 71 4 May 71 4 May 71 4 May 71 4 May 71 4 May 71 4 May 71 4 May 71
0630 EST 0700 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST
Single Double Double Combined Double Combined Combined Combined
.h-.!!! D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D ,deg S ,mps D ,deg S ,mps D ,deg S ,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfc 0.0 0.0 230.0 2.2 230.0 0.8 220.0 5.3 200.0 2.6 270.0 3.5 240.0 2.6 Sfe
50 262.3 4.8 262.3 4.9 277.1 5.2 270.9 3.7 252.8 5.3 226.6 3.0 288.4 7.6 304.3 6.7 50
100 263.6 5.7 266.3 5.7 270.2 6.6 269.8 3.5 255.9 5.5 244.0 3.6 285.0 8.2 292.7 7.1 100
150 265.6 5.9 269.1 7.5 270.3 6.0 267.9 3.5 257.3 5.9 252.4 4.4 271. 5 8.7 281.8 7.6 150
200 266.1 5.4 271.8 9.0 273.3 5.0 264.5 4.0 258.4 6.4 258.2 5.3 264.1 9.1 274.2 8.4 200
250 262.0 3.7 277.7 8.4 272.5 6.7 262.2 4.4 267.6 7.1 259.2 5.9 258.6 9.6 270.7 9.1 250
300 276.7 8.9 272.4 7.8 266.8 5.2 275.3 6.8 259.2 6.5 260.8 8.8 267.7 9.8 300
350 278.4 8.4 272.6 8.5 270.2 6.1 283.5 5.9 259.7 6.8 264.5 7.9 267.4 10.1 350
400 279.1 7.3 277.2 9.5 275.8 7.0 283.3 7.3 261. 0 6.6 275.8 7.3 269.9 9.7 400
450 286.8 7.8 281.7 10.2 284.9 8.2 280.8 7.1 262.2 6.8 287.1 7.1 272.7 9.4 450
500 300.7 8.7 288.4 9.7 291.8 9.5 270.4 7.3 262.7 7.7 289.2 7.6 274.8 9.5 500
550 303.7 11.8 296.0 10.9 308.6 8.8 284.4 9.3 276.9 9.5 291.1 8.0 276.8 9.7 550
600 308.5 12.1 301.3 13.1 311.2 10.8 292.8 10.1 286.9 9.8 293.2 9.2 279.9 9.1 600
650 318.3 9.4 311.4 13.0 304.0 10.5 290.2 13.5 294.9 10.6 284.3 8.2 650
700 324.3 9.4 314.1 14.4 314.5 10.8 293.1 12.1 290.9 12.3 291.1 7.5 700
750 318.2 12.1 314.8 14.8 317.5 6.7 285.9 14.1 300.7 7.3 750
800 315.3 13.9 312.8 13.7 310.5 11.0 287.8 12.1 305.5 8.6 800
850 313.2 15.3 296.4 22.4 294.0 10.6 309.7 7.9 850
900 315.4 19.9 298.5 19.4 294.6 12.8 303.9 9.5 900
950 316.4 21.1 301.5 16.4 291.6 16.6 304.0 10.6 950
1000 317.1 19.1 306.6 16.0 293.9 14.2 301.5 16.7 1000
1050 317.5 18.3 311.9 16.8 301.0 9.8 300.9 18.7 1050
1100 311.9 16.4 302.2 11.6 300.9 17.5 1100
1150 312.2 16.2 301.8 15.2 303.5 16.2 1150
1200 313.1 16.3 307.5 15.3 306.5 14.4 1200
1250 312.1 17.6 310.6 16.8 309.9 11.5 1250
1300 310.4 19.5 311.0 19.5 307.8 8.9 1300
1350 311.0 20.7 311.2 21.0 299.1 6.5 1350
1400 311.0 22.3 311.6 22.2 289.3 3.5 1400
1450 310.0 24.6 314.2 24.9 284.0 3.1 1450
1500 310.1 26.7 313.9 27.0 295.4 6.3 1500
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-9 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7
4 May 71 5 May 71 5 May 71 5 May 71 5 May 71 5 May 71 5 May 71 5 May 71
1030 EST 0630 EST 0700 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST
Double Combined Single Double Combined Double Double Combined
~ D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps I, m
Sfc 270.0 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 270.0 2.6 180.0 2.6 225.0 6.7 225.0 6.7 Sfc
50 300.3 9.0 249.7 2.7 238.8 1.7 227.6 0.3 225.0 3.2 200.4 3.6 234.8 7.4 251.3 6.3 50
100 302.2 10.0 235.3 4.7 233.6 4.8 241.1 2.3 230.3 3.7 213.6 4.4 238.2 8.1 250.5 6.7 100
150 300.3 10.6 227.6 6.0 221.1 5.4 229.8 3.8 229.8 4.4 214.8 5.1 241.3 8.7 250.9 7.1 150
200 295.3 10.8 225.3 7.2 213.1 6.5 223.0 5.1 225.0 5.3 215.7 5.8 244.5 8.8 252.7 7.5 200
250 290.5 11.2 223.5 8.4 215.8 8.9 218.5 6.3 214.7 6.9 216.8 6.3 247.3 8.9 254.3 7.8 250
300 288.4 11. 5 220.9 9.5 219.3 8.9 216.3 7.4 211.2 8.4 219.1 6.3 249.4 8.5 255.5 7.9 300
350 288.4 11.8 220.8 9.1 222.8 9.8 213.8 9.2 216.0 9.6 221.5 6.3 251.6 8.1 256.7 8.0 350
400 288.3 12.1 223.8 11.2 226.1 11.3 214.1 10.7 220.0 10.7 222.7 7.4 252.3 7.8 258.0 8.1 400
450 288.3 12.4 201.9 17.6 231.4 11.8 217.0 11.6 226.6 10.3 223.3 8.9 345.8 0.6 259.4 8.1 450
500 286.6 11.9 216.1 14.7 233.3 11. 9 218.1 9.9 231. 8 11.4 234.1 8.7 250.2 4.5 260.8 8.2 500
550 284.4 11.3 234.5 12.3 233.9 12.1 227.9 10.5 234.9 13.4 242.6 9.5 249.3 5.3 259.4 8.0 550
600 281.8 10.6 237.8 11.8 234.6 12.5 232.3 12.8 238.6 14.2 242.6 12.4 228.3 5.3 253.2 7.5 600
650 279.0 10.0 241.5 12.4 237.4 12.3 234.8 14.0 244.7 13.4 243.1 13.4 202.1 10.8 246.2 7.1 650
700 276.6 9.6 244.6 12.1 240.0 12.6 239.9 12.6 249.1 12.8 244.5 11.9 250.7 9.5 244.2 6.9 700
750 274.4 9.3 245.5 12.3 243.3 13.0 244.1 13.5 251.4 14.2 246.0 6.7 750
800 272.0 9.0 245.5 12.6 246.4 13.2 246.9 14.2 247.3 18.7 251.5 6.8 800
850 269.5 8.7 246.4 12.9 250.0 13.0 256.8 11. 1 230.7 21.9 255.3 6.6 850
900 266.8 8.4 249.1 13.4 256.8 12.2 259.4 12.3 230.1 23.1 247.3 6.7 900
950 271.0 8.8 252.0 13.9 256.9 13.5 262.0 13.2 252.8 21.1 219.5 12.4 950
1000 275.3 9.4 254.2 14.4 259.9 14.4 263.4 15.1 254.3 22.7 219.7 14.3 1000
1050 279.0 10.1 257.5 15.0 262.8 14.4 257.7 21.2 244.2 10.9 1050
1100 282.2 10.7 261.5 15.8 266.1 13.7 263.8 18.2 266.4 9.9 1100
1150 280.4 8.4 265.2 16.5 271.6 13.3 262.8 18.4 268.0 8.7 1150
1200 279.7 7.2 267.5 17.2 272.4 15.0 263.8 18.9 270.1 8.4 1200
1250 285.3 10.7 276.7 14.6 266.8 18.3 271.7 9.9 1250
1300 287.6 12.1 279.0 14.3 273.8 15.5 272.2 11.2 1300
1350 288.8 9.9 274.4 15.1 270.8 11.6 1350
1400 288.7 12.2 274.3 15.1 269.7 11.9 1400
N 1450 289.5 14.9 270.0 12.2 1450
o 1500 293.4 14.3 270.2 12.7 1500
\D
-------
N
-' (continued)
a Table 9. PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-8 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2
5 May 71 7 May 71 7 May 71 7 May 71 7 May 71 7 May 71 10 May 71 10 May 71
1000 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST 0630 EST 0700 EST
Doub 1 e Double Double Double Double Double Combined Double
.hJ!! D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfc 225.0 7.1 0.0 360.0 2.2 045.0 4.9 112.0 3.5 135.0 3.1 0.0 090.0 0.8 Sfc
50 235.0 8.0 203.1 0.5 063.5 2.7 098.6 3.0 125.7 5.7 145.3 5.8 331.1 0.4 099.7 0.8 50
100 239.2 8.5 037.4 1.8 055.1 3.3 112.3 2.6 129.1 6.1 139.2 5.7 299.7 0.9 325.9 0.6 100
150 241.8 9.0 054.0 3.3 056.3 3.8 098.1 2.8 124.8 5.7 132.3 5.6 208.6 0.9 285.0 1.1 150
200 244.4 8.7 070.8 4.3 076.5 4.1 084.7 2.6 128.4 5.1 128.2 5.3 199.5 0.9 281.7 1.3 200
250 247.3 8.1 083.8 4.3 087.1 4.5 082.9 3.9 130.6 5.1 127.2 4.8 174.3 0.5 310.0 0.7 250
300 259.5 7.2 094.6 4.7 091.2 4.8 083.8 4.3 125.2 6.0 126.0 4.3 127.1 1.5 092.5 0.7 300
350 262.3 7.5 105.3 4.8 103.4 4.8 088.9 4.0 119.8 6.8 134.2 4.3 068.4 2.4 071. 0 2.0 350
400 253.5 7.7 108.6 4.8 109.8 4.4 109.1 3.8 129.5 4.1 140.0 4.1 060.3 4.9 066.0 4.4 400
450 231.9 3.5 107.1 4.9 110.5 4.5 119.6 3.3 155.6 2.1 127.7 2.8 054.0 6.7 052.0 6.4 450
500 243.9 6.8 107.4 5.0 108.9 4.8 138.4 3.7 152.3 1.8 118.8 2.6 043.6 7.3 048.3 7.0 500
550 246.3 7.2 113.6 4.6 107.2 4.9 127.4 2.9 141.4 1.9 120.5 3.2 045.0 6'.9 047.6 7.0 550
600 244.3 8.2 120.2 4.0 108.7 4.7 137.7 3.9 130.6 2.1 124.5 3.2 047,4 7.4. 046.8 7.1 600
650 243.3 7.7 124.5 3.2 111.2 4.3 131.4 7.0 126.5 3.1 127.1 2.9 052.0 8.3 045.9 7.4 650
700 244.3 7.3 119.5 3.1 111.2 3.6 136.9 5.6 124.6 3.9 113.8 2.0 054.1 9.0 045.4 7.5 700
750 246.0 8.0 117.7 2.5 111.8 3.3 141.4 4.6 102.1 2.1 053.5 9.8 038.0 7.8 750
800 255.8 5.9 121.8 1.9 113.2 3.3 137.8 4.4 097,4 2.4 051.2 8.9 038.4 8.6 800
850 251.8 7.7 134.1 1.9 115.7 3.6 134.6 4.6 102.9 2.5 048'.2 8.7 038.7 8.7 850
900 246.8 10.1 135.7 2.3 121.5 3.3 132.3 4.9 106.6 2.4 039.5 7.0 039.7 10.2 900
950 132.3 3.4 125.1 3.2 134.9 4.2 108.6 1.7 121. 1 6.9 039.3 10.5 950
1000 135.6 2.8 121.3 3.1 139.9 3.4 114.2 1.4 037.2 8.0 037.3 8.9 1000
1050 146.2 2.1 123.0 3.2 136.5 3.9 119.0 2.2 028.5 9.5 1050
1100 151.3 1.9 127.4 3.3 137.9 4.2 118.1 2.7 032.4 9.4 1100
1150 139.9 2.2 133.9 3.0 138.0 3.5 113.3 2.7 035.1 9.6 1150
1200 163.0 1.0 130.3 3.3 136.6 2.9 111.2 2.4 1200
1250 155.8 1.1 124.7 3.4 135.4 3.8 109.8 1.8 1250
1300 117.1 3.2 097.2 0.9 1300
1350 110.3 2.2 109.6 1.2 1350
1400 095.8 1.2 121.2 2.1 1400
1450 122.4 2.3 1450
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7 Ascn C-8 Ascn C-9 Ascn C-l 0
10 May 71 10 May 71 10 May 71 10 May 71 10 May 71 10 May 71 10 May 71 1 0 May 71
0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST
Double Combined Double Combined Doubl e Double Double Double
b.J!! D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deq S,mps D,deCj S,mps Z, m
Sfc 0.0 0.0 202.0 0.8 157.0 1.3 225.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 315.0 3.5 Sfc
50 181.4 0.8 202.6 0.6 232.7 1.5 238.8 0.4 222.7 1.3 114.2 1.3 324.5 0.3 349.1 4.4 50
100 218.5 1.0 211.2 1.1 268.0 0.7 323.3 0.8 173.2 1.3 095.3 1.3 342.5 0.3 353.9 3.6 100
150 240.9 1.4 232.2 0.7 335.8 0.7 008.7 1.4 148.0 1.7 074.3 1.3 355.6 0.4 006.5 3.7 150
200 261. 8 1.3 272.6 0.3 010.8 1.0 012.4 1.9 137.0 1.9 097.3 1.5 008.8 0.4 012.0 4.4 200
250 296.3 0.8 056.2 0.2 046.8 1.5 019.2 2.5 148.2 2.0 126.4 1.5 062.4 0.2 006.4 3.7 250
300 044.7 0.6 076.8 0.8 054.0 2.1 031.3 3.1 155.2 1.7 164.2 1.0 111.9 0.4 009.0 3.3 300
350 087.8 1.7 069.6 2.4 046.7 2.5 048.0 3.6 155.0 0.9 152.5 1.2 127.9 0.7 003.8 3.4 350
400 072.4 3.0 055.1 4.0 040.1 3.0 049.6 3.9 019.5 0.7 189.9 0.9 132.1 0.8 400
450 048.3 5.0 045.8 5.4 050.3 3.7 042.9 4.4 024.7 0.7 211 .1 1.4 128.4 0.3 450
500 047.4 6.2 044.2 6.4 049.0 4.5 037.1 4.9 020.8 1.7 210.3 1.1 343.2 0.0 500
550 046.2 6.5 046.0 7.0 052.8 5.6 035.1 5.4 023.6 2.8 221. 9 0.8 323.0 0.5 550
600 045.4 6.9 046.2 7.7 053.3 6.5 036.3 5.9 035.1 3.2 262.9 0.5 337.8 0.9 600
650 046.0 7.7 045.2 8.0 049.2 7.1 039.4 6.7 036.8 3.7 347.0 0.9 343.3 1.3 650
700 041.7 5.7 044.9 7.7 045.8 7.7 042.4 7.0 034.9 4.1 009.9 2.0 357.6 1.3 700
750 041.0 7.3 044.8 7.1 043.6 8.3 040.3 8.8 032.9 5.2 013.7 2.7 009.1 1.5 750
800 040.0 7.0 044.5 7.2 040.0 8.4 039.5 9.3 033.2 6.2 000.7 4.2 800
850 038.5 7.4 046.1 7.9 040.6 8.6 039.9 8.0 031.2 6.1 340.0 3.6 850
900 037.1 7.4 046.0 8.7 042.0 9.4 040.6 8.3 029.7 6.6 343.5 4.4 900
950 036.8 7.3 044.7 9.3 043.0 9.8 040.7 8.7 031.5 7.0 345.0 4.8 950
1000 039.2 9.5 043.1 9.6 043.4 9.0 039.6 8.6 033.6 6.9 345.0 4.5 1000
1050 040.6 12.7 041. 2 10.3 044.2 9.6 036.2 8.2 347.2 4.3 1050
1100 038.2 11.7 038.6 10.0 044.8 10.0 031.5 8.7 356.7 3.8 1100
1150 031.4 8.6 037.2 9.6 045.3 9.9 022.8 7.6 007.3 3.6 1150
1200 029.1 8.4 038.3 9.8 043.9 10.5 010.2 3.8 1200
1250 037.4 9.9 042.8 9.8 012.7 4.1 1250
1300 042.1 9.1 003.0 5.0 1300
1350 355.6 6.1 1350
1400 356.4 7.0 1400
N 14?0 359.3 7.8 1450
.....
-' 1500 360.0 8.2 1500
-------
N Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
--'
N
Asen C-l As en C-2 Asen C-3 Asen C-4 Asen C-5 Asen C-6 Asen C-7 Asen C-8
11 May 71 11 May 71 11 May 71 11 May 71 11 May 71 11 May 71 11 May 71 11 May 71
0630 EST 0700 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST
Double Double Double Double Doubl e Double Double Single
Z, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfe 0.0 0.0 157.0 0.8 0.0 090.0 1.3 180.0 0.8 0.0 157.0 6.7 Sfe
50 147.5 0.3 235.4 0.8 234.9 0.2 308.3 0.2 227.5 0.1 216.3 1.0 199.7 3.0 174.2 16.4 50
100 021.6 1.4 283.8 0.8 340.7 1.0 359.4 0.9 041.1 1.0 259.2 0.6 191.6 2.6 159.8 4.1 100
150 021. 3 1.8 354.0 1.5 333.8 0.9 069.7 0.4 077.9 1.1 130.1 0.4 186.5 2.8 073.6 1.6 150
200 064.8 0.9 042.5 0.9 339.2 0.1 135.9 2.0 119.8 1.7 127.7 1.3 188.0 4.5 049.4 1.9 200
250 143.5 2.0 137.2 2.1 134.6 3.3 140.6 4.7 128.1 2.9 137.4 1.9 172.3 5.8 119.8 1.0 250
300 145.4 3.5 142.5 4.5 135.2 6.7 133.2 4.8 131.9 4.1 133.2 2.3 177.9 6.5 174.4 0.8 300
350 145.0 5.2 145.1 6.3 139.2 7.5 144.3 4.6 134.8 5.2 133.5 2.5 173.8 5.6 177.4 1.7 350
400 142.0 7.9 146.1 7.7 143.2 8.0 148.0 5.2 136.6 6.2 152.5 2.4 167.4 5.3 165.6 3.1 400
450 143.8 7.8 148.1 8.6 149.2 7.5 151.6 6.2 143.7 5.5 169.3 2.7 163.6 6.0 158.2 4.4 450
500 149.3 6.1 153.9 8.5 152.9 8.9 156.4 7.5 153.0 4.8 163.8 5.1 167.8 7.7 161.2 5.0 500
550 155.5 5..4 157.1 8.4 157.2 8.2 157.8 8.7 157.1 5.4 161.0 6.9 170.3 9.3 165.0 5.4 550
600 156.3 6.0 160.5 7.8 163.4 6.6 162.3 8.2 157.1 6.8 158.3 6.8 165.4 8.9 167.4 5.7 600
650 158.5 4.8 169.3 4.6 166.5 6.1 166.3 7.6 157.6 7.6 158.8 7.2 164.7 9.1 167.0 5.6 650
700 162.7 4.0 170.3 5.7 171.4 5.8 169.4 6.8 158.4 8.0 157.2 7.6 164.0 8.0 164.6 6.4 700
750 168.9 3.8 174.1 5.3 174.0 5.7 173.0 5.7 159.1 8.4 163.8 8.1 162.7 6.3 163.9 6.5 750
800 175.9 3.9 178.9 4.8 175.0 5.9 175.0 5.3 160.0 8.3 163.4 9.7 166.9 9.9 167.3 6.7 800
850 176.0 6.3 175.0 6.4 174.7 5.1 162.2 8.3 164.1 8.8 168.8 13.6 171.8 7.2 850
900 182.7 5.2 174.1 6.8 174.9 4.5 167.3 7.9 165.9 7.2 169.2 12.2 171.7 7.1 900
950 182.0 5.9 175.5 6.0 172.3 5.3 172.8 8.3 163.3 10.4 169.5 10.5 177.5 6.3 950
1000 176.8 8.1 183.9 3.8 167.4 9.4 172.0 11.2 164.2 10.8 170.1 9.4 181.6 7.1 1000
1050 180.6 6.2 167.6 9.1 171.8 13.7 164.9 11. 2 171.2 10.0 184.5 7.5 1050
1100 183.3 5.3 170.8 6.0 178.8 9.8 165.0 12.3 172.1 10.6 187.1 7.1 1100
1150 177.9 7.4 169.6 7.0 189.1 7.1 165.2 13.3 173.5 12.2 188.5 6.4 1150
1200 178.1 7.2 168.1 8.7 179.9 9.7 166.8 9.9 174.7 14.0 188.5 5.6 1200
1250 180.8 6.0 168.1 9.1 176.3 11.6 168.9 8.1 175.6 15.8 189.7 5.5 1250
1300 187.6 4.6 168.0 9.8 176.7 12.0 168.3 10.8 176.4 14.9 190.2 5.5 1300
1350 186.5 5.1 167.4 11.6 177.0 12.4 172.5 7.9 177.5 11.8 1350
1400 178.7 8.1 167.0 13.3 177.3 12.7 176.9 8.0 179.3 8.7 1400
1450 177.2 9.2 167.0 13.4 177.3 12.7 175.3 13.1 178.1 8.5 1450
1500 175.3 13.1 176.2 9.2 1500
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-9 Ascn C- 1 Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7
11 May 71 14 May 71 14 May 71 14 May 71 14 May 71 14 May 71 1 4 May 71 14 May 71
1030 EST 0630 EST 0700 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST
Double Double Combined Combined Combi ned Double Combined Double
Z, m ~ S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg ~ D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps b...!!!
Sfc 112.0 5.3 247.0 0.8 202.0 1.7 202.0 4.4 202.0 5.3 202.0 3.5 225.0 4.4 247.0 3.5 Sfc
50 125.6 5.7 249.1 2.6 255.0 2.4 237.4 3.2 206.5 5.2 218.2 2.4 260.2 4.8 250.5 3.9 50
100 129.0 5.6 227.7 4.0 234.3 3.1 226.3 3.2 222.2 4.0 222.8 2.9 260.8 5.4 264.6 4.0 100
150 131.8 5.4 220.8 5.3 221.5 4.1 221.3 3.4 225.2 3.7 223.4 3.9 259.9 6.5 276.9 4.5 150
200 136.8 5.5 219.0 6.3 213.0 5.3 228.8 4.0 222.9 4.2 226.9 4.1 258.6 7.0 268.6 5.4 200
250 141.9 5.7 215.1 7.5 223.7 6.1 229.9 5.3 222.9 4.7 231.2 4.0 257.5 6.8 262.3 6.4 250
300 149.9 5.2 220.2 8.2 234.0 7.0 232.2 6.4 228.2 5.0 234.9 3.5 255.3 7.1 257.5 6.6 300
350 160.2 4.7 242.8 8.4 241.7 7.9 240.7 6.8 238.8 5.9 241.1 3.4 253.0 6.9 252.9 6.8 350
400 161.2 5.3 256.7 8.5 247.9 8.7 249.6 8.0 248.3 5.6 248.1 3.7 251.6 6.0 247.0 6.2 400
450 158.8 6.3 258.6 9.4 254.2 8.9 255.7 9.9 250.4 7.2 253.7 4.1 248.1 6.7 240.1 5.7 450
500 157.0 7.3 260.1 10.5 254.4 8.6 258.4 12.5 253.0 8.5 258.2 4.4 242.8 6.8 238.0 5.6 500
550 159.0 7.4 264.2 11.6 224.4 14.4 274.2 8.9 262.7 8.2 259.9 5.7 244.8 6.7 237.1 5.5 550
600 161.9 7.3 264.8 11.8 255.1 13.4 278.5 13.5 265.0 8.9 260.6 7.1 249.7 5.5 243.1 6.2 600
650 164.8 7.2 280.0 14.6 285.2 14.1 245.9 9.6 261.0 7.6 254.6 6.1 246.6 6.1 650
700 176.6 6.5 290.1 14.7 268.4 11.1 254.3 9.7 261.9 8.5 258.9 7.2 248.2 4.8 700
750 188.6 6.4 294.5 14.4 247.2 9.4 297.0 13.0 263.4 9.8 268.9 6.7 252.0 5.8 750
800 171.7 11. 1 296.7 14.3 293.7 11.4 295.5 13.6 276.3 8.1 228.6 5.3 262.6 6.8 800
850 170.3 8.8 302.0 12.1 296.5 13.0 287.8 9.7 215.9 4.6 272.6 8.1 850
900 170.3 9.1 302.0 12.1 298.2 12.5 286.0 13.3 309.9 8.5 280.8 9.4 900
950 170.7 9.4 298.8 12.7 301.4 12.9 305.5 9.7 287.0 10.7 950
1000 169.1 9.8 303.5 13.5 303.2 12.1 301. 6 10.3 292:2 11.8 1000
1050 165.4 12.0 305.5 13.9 303.6 11.2 292.4 13.3 1050
1100 168.4 6.2 291.0 14.7 1100
11 50 170.0 7.5 1150
1200 169.0 13.1 1200
1250 169.4 14.8 1250
1300 172.0 10.6 1300
1350 178.2 6.4 1350
1400 192.9 2.5 1400
N 1450 190.4 4.2 1450
-' 1500 183.7 6.7 1500
w
-------
N Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
-'
-I'>
Ascn C-8 Ascn C-9 Ascn C-l0 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5
14 May 71 14 May 71 14 May 71 15 May 71 15 May 71 15 May 71 15 May 71 1 5 May 71
1000 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST 0630 EST 0700 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST
Double Double Double Double Double Double Double Double
Z, m D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,de!1 S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfc 270.0 5.3 247.0 4.4 292.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 270.0 0.8 270.0 0.8 Sfc
50 248.5 4.2 239.9 2.7 292.4 3.7 271.2 0.8 093.8 0.5 026.6 0.6 052.4 0.5 287.4 0.2 50
100 245.6 4.0 248.9 3.1 293.2 3.6 237.2 0.5 077.1 0.3 086.3 0.5 080.3 0.8 029.0 0.3 100
150 250.6 4.2 256.5 4.2 294.1 3.4 220.7 1.4 350.4 0.6 105.9 0.3 053.9 0.7 076.5 0.3 150
200 250.9 4.4 259.7 5.1 292.0 3.5 201.3 3.2 335.1 0.4 177.9 0.7 074.7 0.5 171 .1 1.5 200
250 247.3 4.5 258.2 5.4 287.3 4.0 193.9 5.6 235.4 0.5 187.5 2.2 128.2 0.6 180.2 4.8 250
300 241.8 4.8 256.8 5.7 280.5 4.5 189.2 5.3 217.5 1.7 183.7 3.9 183.7 2.0 173.8 6.3 300
350 247.4 4.8 259.4 5.8 272.0 5.3 182.9 4.6 200.5 2.8 181.2 5.8 191.2 3.8 168.0 7.5 350
400 254.5 4.8 263.8 5.8 267.5 6.2 180.1 5.7 189.9 4.2 180.1 6.4 188.2 4.8 167.6 7.1 400
450 252.4 5.1 268.2 5.9 265.3 7.1 179.1 7.4 189.9 4.9 179.3 6.6 186.2 5.9 168.0 6.5 450
500 250.8 5.5 269.8 6.0 261. 3 7.5 181.9 8.2 191.8 5.4 181.0 6.6 187.5 6.4 175.0 6.5 500
550 249.9 5.7 268.4 6.1 255.8 7.7 186.7 8.6 197.2 5.6 189.5 6.5 190.1 6.8 183.6 6.9 550
600 250.0 6.8 267.0 6.2 260.9 8.4 196.7 8.1 204.9 5.7 197.9 6.6 192.3 7.1 188.1 7.9 600
650 251.7 7.8 266.3 6.3 267.1 9.2 203.6 7.8 212.4 5.6 206.6 6.2 197.5 7.1 194.9 8.0 650
700 267.7 5.7 267.8 6.1 271.7 9.7 209.0 6.9 218.5 5.6 214.2 6.0 204.2 6.9 209.0 7.0 700
750 272.4 6.0 269.5 5.8 275.7 9.8 215.4 5.6 219.4 5.6 215.6 6.2 211. 1 6.8 210.9 7.5 750
800 271.6 6.9 274.5 7.7 279.7 9.8 216.8 6.2 221.2 5.2 216.4 6.6 211. 8 6.7 211 .5 7.9 800
850 279.9 7.4 278.3 9.9 291.7 8.2 214.0 7.4 222.6 5.4 216.8 7.0 212.6 6.6 221. 0 6.0 850
900 285.8 7.8 285.5 11.8 294.0 5.8 221.5 5.6 223.0 6.2 216.6 7.1 212.9 6.5 222.8 5.7 900
950 287.7 13.6 287.0 10.3 222.0 6.3 228.6 5.8 217.2 7.0 213.3 6.3 213.1 7.3 950
1000 286.2 15.0 283.8 16.0 219.6 8.1 237.4 4.7 219.7 6.5 213.2 6.4 215.6 7.2 1000
1050 284.4 15.6 284.1 16.3 238.5 4.7 237.9 4.0 226.6 5.3 213.5 6.2 217.9 7.1 1050
1100 284.5 14.8 284.3 16.6 235.6 5.9 233.3 5.0 225.5 5.7 214.8 5.2 217.6 7.1 1100
1150 283.5 13.9 284.5 16.9 228.5 8.0 233.0 5.3 219.5 7.6 212.7 6.7 221. 5 6.1 1150
1200 282.7 13.5 287.1 14.7 230.9 7.4 235.7 4.9 212.4 7.1 229.4 4.8 1200
1250 285.9 15.6 232.3 7.0 235.6 5.3 212.8 7.3 217.8 7.3 1250
1300 282.2 19.6 232.1 6.9 232.9 5.6 216.1 7.0 217.5 7.7 1300
1350 283.7 18.3 229.7 7.5 226.8 6.6 221. 8 5.2 217.6 7.9 1350
1400 286.9 15.6 227.4 8.3 220.3 8.1 224.2 5.3 218.4 7.7 1400
1450 291.7 14.0 227.7 8.0 219.4 8.4 223.0 6.4 221. 3 6.8 1450
1500 287.0 25.2 228.0 7.7 222.7 6.9 221.4 7.5 1500
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7 Ascn C-8 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-l
15 May 71 15 May 71 15 May 71 17 May 71 17 May 71 1 7 May 71 17 May 71 19 May 71
0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST 1015 EST 1030 EST 1045 EST 11 00 EST 0630 EST
Double Double Double Double Single Combined Combined Double
b.J!!. ~ S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps- Z, m
Sfc 270.0 1.7 0.0 202.0 1.7 292.0 4.4 270.0 4.4 247.0 3.5 337.0 4.4 0.0 Sfc
50 254.4 1.0 168.0 0.8 176.1 1.6 262.7 2.7 295.8 2.2 227.2 4.5 269.4 5.8 037.9 0.5 50
100 277.1 0.9 168.0 1.6 167.9 2.2 257.8 3.2 266.9 2.2 233.3 4.0 276.7 5.3 061.8 1.2 100
150 275.6 0.7 168.4 2.3 168.1 3.1 254.2 3.8 273.3 1.8 238.9 4.4 278.5 5.0 081.0 0.8 150
200 253.8 0.5 168.8 2.9 168.2 3.9 253.8 3.8 278.7 1.6 242.5 5.3 277.4 5.0 206.5 1.5 200
250 179.5 1.1 169.1 3.5 170.0 4.5 253.8 3.8 260.5 2.1 245.7 5.5 283.9 4.5 214.2 3.5 250
300 164.5 2.1 169.4 4.1 175.9 4.3 253.8 3.8 257.9 2.8 249.4 5.3 292.4 4.1 207.3 4.2 300
350 165.3 3.2 179.2 4.8 182.3 4.1 253.8 3.7 256.2 3.5 251 .1 5.0 283.7 3.0 213.2 5.3 350
400 169.2 4.4 186.5 5.5 189.2 4.0 253.6 3.7 254.4 4.1 252.5 4.7 266.2 2.1 222.3 5.8 400
450 171.4 5.6 184.0 6.0 196.3 3.9 250.8 3.6 251.8 4.4 257.5 4.5 266.8 2.2 231.7 6.4 450
500 173.0 6.8 178.9 6.5 196.2 4.3 247.9 3.5 247.5 4.1 267.0 4.5 273.9 2.6 237.0 7.7 500
550 175.2 8.4 186.1 6.7 196.1 4.7 244.9 3.5 244.4 4.2 276.2 4.6 279.1 3.0 241.8 8.0 550
600 176.7 9.9 184.9 7.1 196.0 5.0 241.7 3.4 245.4 5.1 279.6 4.9 290.6 3.4 245.4 8.5 600
650 178.3 9.0 181.2 6.5 195.9 5.4 258.3 3.9 250.0 7.3 277.4 5.4 300.4 3.9 247.5 8.7 650
700 180.7 8.1 184.1 6.9 195.8 5.8 272.8 4.0 242.2 5.7 275.5 5.9 332.9 4.2 248.2 8.8 700
750 189.6 7.3 187.3 7.0 195.8 5.7 286.5 3.7 270.6 4.4 283.4 5.9 010.4 7.0 248.7 8.8 750
800 200.5 6.6 188.7 7.5 195.7 5.6 315.7 4.8 291.2 5.9 356.4 7.7 248.9 9.6 800
850 210.2 6.8 189.3 8.1 195.7 5.5 336.4 6.1 302.6 7.0 327.2 8.7 252.7 8.1 850
900 215.3 7.8 191.4 9.1 195.7 5.4 321. 9 6.2 311.1 8.4 321.6 9.7 249.8 9.5 900
950 218.3 8.3 193.2 10.0 195.6 5.3 336.9 6.5 313.1 8.9 326.2 9.8 251.0 9.4 950
1000 219.4 8.2 200.4 7.9 198.4 6.' 335.7 6.6 328.1 9.9 252.2 9.1 1000
1050 219.4 8.1 224.5 4.6 200.6 6.9 334.0 7.6 251.7 9.7 1050
1100 217.9 8.1 216.4 7.1 202.3 7.7 334.9 9.0 251.7 10.3 1100
1150 218.3 7.9 208.9 10.0 205.0 8.0 252.3 9.9 1150
1200 219.9 7.5 214.0 7.8 208.5 7.8 249.9 10.8 1200
1250 219.9 8.3 217.5 6.9 210.3 7.9 249.1 11. 2 1250
1300 219.9 9.1 215.7 7.6 210.0 8.0 1300
1350 226.0 7.3 217.5 7.8 206.9 8.4 1350
1400 230.4 6.3 215.7 8.9 205.7 9.0 1400
N 1450 228.8 6.8 212.5 10.9 204.9 9.5 1450
--' 1500 231 .0 7.1 214.2 9.4 206.1 9.7 1500
U1
-------
N
~ Table 9. (continued)
0'\ PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Asen C-2 Asen C-3 As en C-4 Asen C-5 Asen C-6 Asen C-l Asen C-2 Asen C-3
19 May 71 19 May 71 19 May 71 19 May 71 19 May 71 20 May 71 20 May 71 20 May 71
0700 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST
Oouble Double Combined Combi ned Double Combined Combined Double
Z, m D ,deg S ,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps Z, m
Sfe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 247.0 2.6 0.0 157.0 2.6 202.0 1.7 Sfe
50 095.4 0.8 124.0 0.5 111.0 0.6 264.7 1.0 232.6 2.5 303.0 0.3 223.1 1.7 227.1 1.7 50
100 075.8 0.9 070.4 1.0 039.7 0.4 267.2 1.1 247.3 3.1 257.3 0.5 257.3 1.4 227.4 1.7 100
150 113.3 0.8 165.6 0.5 190.2 0.7 236.4 1.8 256.4 3.8 234.7 0.3 260.5 1.1 235.7 1.9 150
200 201.2 1.5 222.6 2.1 220.3 2.1 229.1 2.1 256.2 4.3 005.7 0.5 290.0 0.5 247.6 1.7 200
250 218.2 3.2 220.9 3.3 224.2 3.3 230.7 2.0 240.8 4.8 015.5 1.7 007.3 1.1 263.4 1.6 250
300 211.5 3.7 203.2 3.7 210.1 3.7 216.5 3.5 231.2 5.9 046.6 1.9 014.9 1.6 274.0 1.8 300
350 217.1 5.4 214.0 4.5 215.0 5.2 221.2 5.9 231.6 7.2 040.6 2.9 006.6 1.9 289.3 2.2 350
400 222.3 6.2 226.0 5.7 220.7 5.8 226.1 7.5 231.0 8.1 039.3 3.3 358.3 2.3 297.0 2.7 400
450 228.5 6.4 234.8 6.7 226.8 5.7 232.2 7.9 231.0 9.1 029.2 3.4 356.0 2.7 301.8 3.1 450
500 234.7 7.6 241.4 6.9 228.2 6.4 238.2 8.0 234.8 10.3 016.8 3.2 357.5 3.0 304.5 3.3 500
550 241.6 8.2 244.3 6.6 230.4 7.0 248.9 5.1 236.7 10.5 009.2 2.1 000.4 3.1 294.0 3.1 550
600 245.8 8.6 248.1 7.0 232.8 7.6 247.0 6.9 237.7 9.8 322.5 0.5 341.7 1.9 278.9 2.6 600
650 247.5 8.7 253.3 6.5 244.1 7.0 246.1 7.5 241.8 6.5 247.2 1.2 316.3 1.4 258.5 2.3 650
700 250.7 8.6 258.0 6.4 258.2 7.2 246.1 8.2 242.0 7.9 268.8 4.8 290.1 1.4 239.5 2.4 700
750 260.7 6.5 257.1 8.1 258.8 10.3 246.5 8.5 242.7 6.7 256.2 3.5 266.5 2.2 241.0 3.2 750
800 256.0 8.5 259.8 7.6 256.2 7.9 247.7 7.7 244.5 8.1 247.7 4.2 262.7 3.7 241.8 3.7 800
850 255.0 9.1 258.2 8.9 255.1 7.6 244;0 9.1 244.5 7.3 253.5 6.9 259.9 5.1 244.4 4.3 850
900 259.5 8.2 258.4 9.2 255.7 8.6 258.1 10.2 245.0 7.4 250.2 6.2 256.0 6.2 249.6 6.0 900
950 262.5 8.2 258.7 9.2 255.9 8.8 262.6 11.2 245.7 8.0 250.7 6.3 255.5 7.0 247.6 6.8 950
1000 259.3 9.9 255.9 9.3 258.6 11.4 245.8 7.5 248.6 6.9 253.9 7.3 254.4 5.7 1000
1050 259.7 9.8 256.0 9.9 260.4 10.9 247.0 6.6 243.4 7.3 236.1 8.1 251.9 8.7 1050
1100 264.0 8.1 256.2 10.6 260.1 10.9 246.5 8.1 238.7 7.4 204.5 15.4 252.6 9.2 1100
1150 258.8 10.2 255.6 10.8 258.9 11.3 246.1 8.9 240.0 7.7 237.5 10.5 253.4 9.6 1150
1200 255.2 11.0 257.5 12.2 246.1 8.0 238.3 8.5 249.5 10.0 254.6 10.1 1200
1250 255.0 11.2 256.4 13.3 247.7 10.0 253.8 7.4 1250
1300 254.1 11.0 245.6 10.2 1300
1350 253.5 11.2 1350
1400 253.2 11.7 1400
-------
Table 9. (continued) -, r LOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 As en C-4
20 May 71 20 May 71 20 May 71 20 May 71 18 Oct 71 18 Oct 71 18 Oct 71 18 Oct 71
0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST 0700 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST
Double Double Double Double Doub 1 e Single Double Single
Z, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps Z, m
Sfc 225.0 4.4 202.0 3.5 202.0 3.1 202.0 1.7 0.0 112.0 2.2 135.0 4.5 112.0 10.0 Sfc
50 244.5 2.9 236.9 3.5 205.0 0.7 219.8 2.1 091.2 1.9 130.0 3.2 119.2 5.9 006.9 1.4 50
100 249.2 3.3 245.0 2.8 209.9 0.7 223.9 1.9 113.3 3.0 136.6 3.9 133.4 6.7 107.6 6.6 100
150 250.3 4.1 257.0 2.2 229.9 2.2 218.5 1.4 129.4 3.3 152.5 3.2 138.2 7.7 158.1 6.6 150
200 248.7 4.4 267.6 1.6 227.4 1.3 209.4 0.9 145.0 3.5 177.5 2.8 132.6 8.6 175.1 5.6 200
250 243.9 4.2 287.3 1.1 252.8 1.2 222.5 1.2 157.8 4.0 196.6 3.0 132.6 8.5 168.5 3.2 250
300 241.6 4.1 296.8 1.2 275.1 1.4 231.0 1.5 164.7 4.7 174.9 1.7 137.1 8.6 145.8 2.9 300
350 244.1 4.0 298.9 1.5 270.0 1.8 238.1 1.6 163.2 5.7 153.4 5.1 139.7 8.6 135.7 2.9 350
400 250.1 3.6 300.6 1.9 240.9 2.7 246.2 1.6 162.1 6.7 154.9 10.0 139.6 8.3 136.3 3.0 400
450 264.5 3.3 301.7 2.4 230.7 1.9 254.2 1.7 162.2 7.4 163.1 7.1 139.3 8.1 135.2 4.1 450
500 280.8 3.8 308.7 2.2 244.3 1.9 262.2 2.0 173.5 5.8 153.9 7.9 137.7 9.0 135.6 3.4 500
550 280.8 3.9 302.4 1.9 252.7 2.5 267.8 2.6 144.9 7.9 136.4 10.0 134.5 2.7 550
600 264.1 3.4 260.9 1.9 248.7 3.4 269.0 3.0 135.5 5.9 136.3 10.1 131.7 2.3 600
650 253.3 4.5 241.8 2.4 244.4 4.4 264.7 3.1 091.2 1.6 650
700 243.2 2.5 233.5 2.9 258.3 4.9 267.0 3.5 125.4 2.9 700
750 246.6 3.5 235.8 3.4 258.3 4.4 265.6 4.2 750
800 251.8 3.9 239.2 5.0 264.7 4.5 260.7 5.5 800
850 253.6 4.7 243.2 6.6 259.6 4.9 265.5 5.9 850
900 251.5 6.4 249.0 7.2 263.3 5.5 262.1 7.4 900
950 249.9 7.5 253.7 7.7 266.4 6.2 264.0 7.3 950
1000 249.4 8.2 257.6 8.7 267.6 7.5 269.0 6.4 1000
1050 251. 3 8.0 260.7 9.8 268.4 8.5 262.6 7.1 1050
1100 253.4 9.1 261.9 10.4 259.4 6.7 1100
1150 254.9 10.4 263.0 10.9 260.2 7.4 1150
1200 257.0 8.4 266.3 10.1 263.5 8.2 1200
1250 256.3 10.3 264.9 10.3 268.8 8.6 1250
1300 256.7 10.8 260.4 11.3 272.2 9.7 1300
1350 254.2 11.6 271.7 9.6 1350
N 1400 270.1 9.1 1400
-~
'-J
-------
N Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
~
0:>
Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7 Ascn C-8 Ascn C-9 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3
18 Oct 71 18 Oct 71 18 Oct 71 18 Oct 71 18 Oct 71 19 Oct 71 19 Oct 71 19 Oct 71
0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST 0700 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST
Double Double Double Double Combined Combi ned Double Double
--
Z, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mDs D,deg S,mes Z, m
Sfc .067.0 3.6 090.0 3.6 247.0 1.8 090.0 5.4 067.0 3.6 337.0 0.9 0.0 045.0 0.9 Sfc
50 117.1 5.8 090.7 2.7 334.9 1.3 092.4 3.7 117.5 3.1 042.2 0.6 068.9 0.9 099.8 0.9 50
100 111.6 4.8 101.2 2.9 005.0 1.1 113.0 3.4 123.1 3.2 027.0 2.1 071.1 1.2 069.8 0.7 100
150 111.8 4.0 106.2 2.8 032.6 1.2 134.4 3.6 128.3 3.2 071.8 2.1 074.7 1.9 088.7 2.1 150
200 120.2 3.4 114.4 2.5 051.1 1.3 131.2 3.4 132.2 3.3 102.2 3.2 076.3 2.7 126.4 4.2 200
250 136.4 3.2 141.4 2.1 067.9 1.3 125.7 3.2 134.4 3.2 118.1 5.0 095.6 3.0 135.1 5.0 250
300 156.1 3.6 171.6 2.2 084.1 1.3 122.3 3.2 132.6 2.8 122.7 5.0 110.9 3.7 140.2 4.8 300
350 170.7 4.3 193.1 1.7 091.7 1.3 122.9 3.6 123.2 2.8 131.2 4.9 121 .3 4.2 145.7 5.2 350
400 173.8 4.5 223.4 1.6 096.4 1.3 123.3 4.1 112.3 2.9 145.8 6.2 130.1 4.2 148.7 5.9 400
450 230.2 2.1 101.6 1.2 131.4 4.2 112.1 2.7 137.8 5.7 138.5 4.4 148.8 7.1 450
500 227.9 2.6 124.1 1.9 139.9 4.3 113.9 2.4 087.5 5.4 143.2 4.5 148.8 7.8 500
550 225.7 2.7 135.4 2.8 144.2 4.5 122.9 2.1 077.3 0.8 143.2 4.5 550
600 222.1 2.3 139.3 3.4 144.9 5.0 140.3 1.8 119.5 12.4 600
650 219.7 2.2 143.1 6.0 161.1 1.7 121.9 12.6 650
700 141.5 7.4 151.2 2.6 121.5 11.7 700
750 140.2 9.0 146.2 3.5 121.3 10.5 750
800 139.5 10.4 141.1 5.1 122.1 9.8 800
850 136.9 7.5 121.7 9.2 850
900 135.5 9.8 120.4 8.6 900
950 135.7 11.6 118.0 7.9 950
1000 136.5 12.5 122.3 7.3 1000
1050 138.5 11.8 122.1 6.7 1050
1100 140.7 11.1 104.6 6.1 1100
1150 143.1 10.6 115.3 5.9 1150
1200 144.3 10.4 122.5 5.6 1200
1250 141.3 11.1 121.9 5.2 1250
.'300 138.7 11.9 121.9 5.6 1300
1350 136.2 13.6 121. 1 5.7 1350
1400 134.3 15.1 119.9 5.5 1400
1450 132.4 15.7 118.4 5.0 1450
1500 130.6 16.2 1500
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
As en C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7 Ascn C-8 Ascn C-9 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2
19 Oct 71 19 Oct 71 19 Oct 71 19 Oct 71 19 Oct 71 19 Oct 71 20 Oct 71 20 Oct 71
0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST 0630 EST 0700 EST
Double Single Double Double Double Double Single Double
Z, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfc 067.0 0.9 315.0 1.8 112.0 1.3 067.0 0.9 0.0 067.0 1.8 112.0 4.5 202.0 3.6 Sfc
5G 024.0 0.6 352.8 0.2 037.3 1.2 046.2 0.5 089.8 1.3 110.7 1.4 083.6 1.8 123.1 1.0 50
100 033.5 1.5 010.0 1.0 026.3 1.1 144.4 0.8 107.7 1.3 114.6 2.2 135.7 6.0 134.9 0.2 100
150 071.0 1.6 102.4 1.2 014.8 1.0 160.9 2.1 129.5 1.7 117.6 3.0 146.5 5.0 296.2 0.6' 150
200 105.6 2.4 104.5 1.5 087.5 1.0 163.0 3.2 143.5 2.9 124.4 3.7 171.6 3.7 241.5 0.4 200
250 124.9 4.2 104.7 2.4 117.4 2.0 162.0 4.1 154.0 4.3 128.4 4.4 197.5 4.7 187.6 0.6 250
300 135.7 5.6 147.9 4.1 131.4 3.3 158.1 5.1 164.0 6.0 126.6 4.4 195.2 6.9 146.1 1.7 300
350 143.9 6.8 146.0 5.9 142.2 5.0 146.2 6.3 169.4 7.9 141.2 4.1 175.3 4.9 135.3 3.2 350
400 144.7 7.6 132.5 7.8 147.3 6.8 138.3 7.7 168.3 6.9 165.9 4.2 102.3 3.9 133.6 4.5 400
450 144.7 8.2 125.4 11.6 144.8 8.1 134.5 8.6 166.7 6.0 166.5 4.5 137.2 5.1 450
500 120.1 11.1 141.8 9.3 133.1 9.1 156.9 5.4 160.6 4.7 140.1 5.7 500
550 118.1 9.0 138.3 10.0 131. 7 9.5 142.0 5.3 152.5 5.1 133.2 7.3 550
600 120.1 6.3 133.6 10.1 131.4 10." 130.9 6.5 138.2 6.1 127.3 9.3 600
650 115.9 5.3 130.1 12.2 131.4 10.9 128.1 9.4 128.2 7.3 124.9 10.5 650
700 112.0 5.2 125.7 12.8 128.9 13.1 126.4 12.2 122.2 9.0 700
750 109.6 5.0 117.2 12.4 117.8 14.0 124.4 14.7 118.9 11. 1 750
800 106.2 4.7 115.4 11.7 113.1 13.3 119.8 13.6 116.7 13.0 800
850 101 .5 4.4 113.7 10.5 111.4 13.0 111.2 13.7 114.7 13.2 850
900 098.1 4.3 110.5 9.2 110.8 13.0 112.4 13.7 112.7 14.0 900
950 090.7 3.7 108.2 8.7 109.7 12.2 110.0 12.7 110.8 15.3 950
1000 089.4 4.3 107.2 8.8 106.9 10.3 105.5 11.3 108.7 14.3 1000
1050 089.8 4.4 106.7 9.3 102.9 8.4 103.5 11.2 105.7 12.5 1050
1100 088.8 4.2 106.5 10.0 104.8 9.6 101.4 10.8 099.7 11.0 1100
1150 085.9 4.6 103.2 8.0 106.2 10.9 098.0 9.1 095.4 10.3 1150
1200 085.3 3.7 106.0 11.2 093.3 7.6 092.2 9.8 1200
1250 101.8 6.8 105.0 10.9 092.2 7.9 083.8 8.1 1250
1300 106.4 9.5 104.0 10.6 091.0 8.3 078.1 7.8 1300
1350 099.2 7.0 104.0 10.6 084.0 7.2 082.0 9.6 1350
1400 091. 5 6.0 074.8 6.4 083.3 10.7 1400
,,~ 1450 092.7 7.6 080.3 7.5 078.8 9.4 1450
~ 1500 085.6 6.8 085.2 8.9 072.9 8.2 1500
U)
-------
N Table 9. (conti nued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
N
a
Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 As en C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7 Ascn C-8 Ascn C-9 Ascn C-l0
20 Oct 71 20 Oct 71 20 Oct 71 20 Oct 71 20 Oct 71 20 Oct 71 20 Oct 71 20 Oct 71
0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST
Double Double Double Double Double Combined Double Doubl e
Z, m D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfc 045.0 2.7 135.0 6.7 157.0 3.6 112.0 4.5 112.0 2.7 112.0 2.7 090.0 5.4 090.0 4.5 Sfc
50 082.8 2.4 144.6 3.2 213.3 3.5 129.7 3.3 091.2 3.5 146.0 5.1 109.9 4.7 092.7 4.3 50
100 106.5 1.6 124.3 3.8 217.2 3.5 146.2 3.6 120.4 2.6 146.9 7.0 107.9 4.7 092.1 4.7 100
150 147 1 1.5 141.4 3.6 212.0 3.4 156.1 4.2 148.7 2.6 145.3 6.7 110.7 4.5 092.8 5.0 150
200 168.9 2.0 139.7 5.2 189.1 3.2 159.1 4.6 127.5 2.8 139.4 5.9 126.2 4.4 098.3 5.1 200
250 176.2 2.7 141.9 6.2 166.8 3.5 158.8 4.3 110.8 3.3 132.8 6.2 141.4 4.6 103.4 5.1 250
300 180.5 3.4 147.8 6.5 163.6 3.1 144.1 4.0 123.2 5.8 135.1 7.3 149.3 4.8 108.4 4.8 300
350 174.3 3.7 149.4 7.0 160.0 2.7 134.2 7.2 129.1 8.5 138.1 8.5 148.0 4.7 114.4 4.1 350
400 163.7 4.0 148.1 7.7 155.0 2.2 142.5 8.0 132.5 8.7 142.9 7.1 146.7 4.6 121. 7 4.4 400
450 154.6 4.4 147.8 8.0 137.9 1.7 146.1 9.1 134.1 8.1 141.3 7.1 145.3 4.6 128.7 4.8 450
500 145.8 5.4 153.5 6.7 095.8 1.5 150.5 10.1 134.2 7.2 140.9 5.7 143.5 4.6 142.2 4.9 500
550 139.7 6.5 161.9 5.4 062.5 2.1 145.2 8.9 131.3 6.0 134.0 6.6 141.8 4.6 151.6 4.9 550
600 135.4 7.7 162.3 5.5 052.9 2.5 140.6 8.1 140.0 5.4 157.8 4.3 149.0 4.5 148.1 4.0 600
650 134.5 8.1 160.3 6.3 148.0 5.7 223.2 1.5 157.3 4.7 142.8 3.7 650
700 134.5 8.1 157.7 8.0 150.5 6.9 184.5 2.6 158.4 4.9 137.9 4.2 700
750 148.8 7.6 156.0 7.3 162.7 4.7 158.8 5.8 134.6 4.7 750
800 141.0 7.3 161.3 8.0 158.6 6.8 149.3 4.8 800
850 164.6 10.0 155.4 8.4 162.6 5.1 850
900 165.4 10.6 156.3 9.1 165.1 7.0 900
950 157.1 11.1 164.7 9.3 950
1000 151. 4 13.4 162.2 11.2 1000
1050 147.0 14.7 158.7 12.9 1050
1100 143.7 13.6 156.0 14.6 1100
1150 140.9 12.1 153.0 13.2 1150
1200 140.1 12.2 147.7 11. 3 1200
1250 139.5 13.5 147.4 10.3 1250
1300 138.0 10.5 146.0 10.0 1300
1350 142.3 9.0 142.5 11.5 1350
1400 144.2 10.9 142.3 10.9 1400
1450 145.7 11.4 144.2 8.9 1450
1500 146.4 10.5 144.9 8.9 1500
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-1 Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7 Ascn C-8
21 Oct 71 21 Oct 71 21 Oct 71 21 Oct 71 21 Oct 71 21 Oct 71 21 Oct 71 21 Oct 71
0630 EST 0700 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST
Double Double Double Double Double Double Double Double
Z, m ~ S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps ~S,mps Z, m
Sfc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 090.0 0.9 180.0 0.9 180.0 0.9 Sfc
50 000.6 0.4 332.8 0.6 049.3 0.5 138.1 0.2 238.8 0.8 054.6 0.9 208.0 1.1 270.0 0.7 50
100 102.3 0.8 308.4 0.5 309.6 0.5 228.3 0.5 253.7 0.7 348.8 0.7 242.1 0.3 060.3 0.3 100
150 107.0 1.0 201.1 1.0 185.7 0.6 211.1 0.7 244.1 0.8 306.9 1.0 357.3 0.5 113.9 0.7 150
200 189.8 1.9 157.4 2.0 196.4 1.6 219.2 1.3 238.0 0.8 028.2 0.8 150.6 1.3 2QO
250 186.3 2.2 170.1 3.2 195.4 3.5 206.6 2.4 180.3 2.3 116.1 0.7 160.4 2.6 250
300 184.9 3.8 179.9 4.4 176.5 4.3 187.7 4.4 169.1 4.8 168.0 2.9 167.8 4.0 300
350 183.3 4.9 176.5 6.9 176.0 5.7 186.4 6.9 171.8 6.8 172.9 5.0 173.9 5.5 350
400 179.6 4.9 177.1 8.2 178.6 7.0 187.9 9.4 174.4 7.4 174.2 6.4 171.4 6.4 400
450 177.4 5.1 182.2 7.4 180.9 6.1 178.0 8.6 178.3 6.8 176.9 6.9 172.7 6.1 450
500 181.9 5.8 189.6 6.3 185.5 6.4 178.0 6.9 189.0 5.8 182.1 6.5 175.6 5.4 500
550 185.4 6.6 184.6 12.2 189.7 7.9 187.9 6.3 197.5 5.2 184.3 4.8 176.6 5.2 550
600 186.5 4.6 186.2 8.4 193.3 5.6 195.4 5.7 202.7 4.9 185.7 2.8 177.4 4.9 600
650 188.5 5.0 190.3 4.8 197.0 4.0 201.8 4.4 201. 8 4.1 175.9 1.7 179.8 3.9 650
700 189.7 7.0 194.9 3.9 198.8 3.0 215.5 1.5 208.1 2.8 156.1 1.5 185.4 2.6 700
750 192.3 5.1 200.1 3.5 208.4 1.7 132.8 1.2 249.7 1.2 147.1 2.2 169.3 2.4 750
800 195.5 3.5 203.1 2.0 158.6 1.1 133.5 2.2 143.7 0.7 129.9 3.0 150.8 2.9 800
850 198.8 2.3 183.3 1.1 092.6 1.1 129.5 2.9 129.2 2.4 127.0 3.7 144.2 4.0 850
900 203.9 1.4 166.3 1.9 150.6 2.1 118.6 3.4 124.0 3.4 128.8 3.9 137.8 4.1 900
950 200.1 1.1 142.7 1.0 164.5 3.0 108.6 3.2 119.6 3.8 131.2 3.4 134.5 3.8 950
1000 165.4 1.5 172.6 1.6 161.5 2.0 113.5 3.1 130.3 3.5 136.5 3.3 144.3 3.9 1000
1050 153.5 1.5 184.6 2.7 167.5 3.1 131.5 3.2 142.7 3.8 144.1 3.5 155.4 4.1 1050
1100 155.5 2.6 187.4 3.0 161.5 2.9 148.6 4.0 150.2 4.5 151.2 4.0 157.4 4.9 1100
1150 169.7 5.1 183.8 2.5 158.1 4.9 153.3 4.5 152.2 5.5 156.2 4.9 155.6 6.0 1150
1200 162.7 4.6 174.5 5.5 155.1 5.5 150.9 4.6 143.5 5.0 151.7 5.6 147.7 5.1 1200
1250 150.3 4.0 168.8 5.2 149.1 4.7 142.3 4.7 142.4 5.8 146.1 5.7 141 .1 5.0 1250
1300 152.2 4.9 159.7 4.1 149.2 4.9 148.0 5.9 143.1 6.4 135.3 4.7 138.7 5.5 1300
1350 155.1 6.0 153.3 4.2 149.2 5.0 151 .1 6.7 132.1 4.8 138.1 5.4 139.4 6.0 1350
1400 142.8 6.1 138.9 5.7 139.6 6.2 1400
N 1450 147.4 7.0 139.0 5.7 1450
N 1500 136.6 5.6 1500
~
-------
N Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
N
N
Ascn C-9 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7
21 Oct 71 22 Oct 71 22 Oct 71 22 Oct 71 22 Oct 71 22 Oct 71 22 Oct 71 22 Oct 71
1030 EST 0630 EST 0700 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST
Double Double Double Combined Single Double Double Double
b...!!!. D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfc 0.0 0.0 0.0 202.0 2.0 0.0 157.0 0.9 157.0 1.3 225.0 2.7 Sfc
50 083.4 0.1 230.6 1.3 232.1 0.7 189.0 4.0 215.1 1.1 187.1 2.4 229.2 0.6 213.7 2.3 50
100 120.1 0.7 167.5 2.5 209.0 0.8 180.1 4.9 196.0 1.1 188.8 2.7 188.5 0.6 208.4 2.1 100
150 121. 1 1.2 147.6 5.0 191.8 1.0 175.5 5.6 176.3 2.3 180.7 2.6 165.6 1.0 202.1 1.9 150
200 102.0 1.3 150.4 6.7 161.3 1.7 173.8 5.9 166.6 3.5 172.0 2.6 160.0 1.6 205.0 1.9 200
250 105.2 1.1 155.2 8.0 149.4 2.5 172.4 6.2 154.0 4.1 173.0 2.9 162.8 2.6 209.5 1.9 250
300 126.4 1.1 155.2 7.3 150.5 3.7 172.0 6.8 170.1 5.0 173.9 3.2 164.1 3.6 213.7 2.0 300
350 135.8 1.8 157.8 7.2 160.0 5.7 171.7 7.3 184.8 4.9 174.6 3.6 167.7 4.2 215.3 2.4 350
400 145.4 2.8 164.7 8.7 164.6 7.9 179.0 7.1 201.3 4.5 174.8 3.6 176.7 4.3 216.4 2.9 400
450 153.6 4.0 170.2 11.2 164.8 9.0 187.7 6.9 200.6 5.3 185.3 4.5 217.0 3.3 450
500 157.7 4.4 174.8 16.6 164.3 9.9 181.4 8.5 202.5 6.0 189.5 4.6 217.0 3.3 500
550 161.8 4.0 177.2 21.1 165.6 10.5 181.3 6.0 204.8 6.6 550
600 165.1 4.1 180.9 15.8 171 .1 10.5 181.4 7.7 206.7 7.0 600
650 166.1 4.3 187.3 11.1 176.6 10.5 179.8 18.7 650
700 159.5 5.0 186.6 10.0 185.8 13.6 700
750 150.5 5.3 197.4 9.8 191.9 11.8 750
800 136.9 5.4 199.5 9.8 195.0 12.4 800
850 135.9 5.4 199.5 11. 5 850
900 139.5 5.2 204.7 10.5 900
950 149.1 4.7 209.2 9.3 950
1000 151.6 5.4 210.5 8.6 1000
1050 152.0 6.3 207.3 8.3 1050
1100 151.9 7.2 206.7 8.9 1100
1150 147.2 6.4 207.0 9.7 1150
1200 141.9 6.0 209.1 11.2 1200
1250 138.5 6.4 210.0 12.1 1250
1300 134.3 5.0 209.6 11.8 1300
1350 131.6 4.1 209.5 11. 7 1350
1400 132.8 4.4 1400
1450 132.0 5.0 1450
1500 128.2 4.9 1500
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Asen C-8 Asen C-9 Asen C-l Asen C-2 Asen C-3 Ascn C-4 Asen C-5 As en C-6
22 Oct 71 22 Oct 71 2 Nov 71 2 Nov 71 2 Nov 71 2 Nov 71 2 Nov 71 2 Nov 71
1000 EST 1030 EST 0730 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST 1130 EST
Double Double Single Single Single Single Single Single
Z, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg ~ D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfe 157.0 5.4 225.0 3.6 247.0 4.5 247.0 6.7 225.0 8.0 225.0 7.2 247.0 7.2 247.0 7.2 Sfe
50 159.1 7.0 209.2 2.8 246.7 7.5 213.2 4.0 232.9 5.7 220.6 7.7 242.6 4.1 245.3 7.5 50
100 162.4 7.0 200.2 2.7 248.9 9.0 234.1 5.8 230.1 7.4 228.5 5.9 236.4 4.4 249.3 8.1 100
150 167.2 6.1 197.6 3.1 243.9 10.2 236.4 8.3 230.2 8.8 238.2 5.6 230.6 5.2 249.0 7.7 150
200 173.9 5.3 195.7 3.6 234.2 11.3 232.3 11.0 231.9 9.8 243.8 6.8 226.5 6.6 244.2 6.6 200
250 183.9 4.9 188.3 3.7 232.8 12.1 231.5 12.7 234.8 9.6 245.2 9.4 237.9 8.8 230.4 7.1 250
300 195.6 4.6 179.7 3.7 232.8 13.1 230.9 14.1 236.5 10.4 245.1 11.1 243.6 11.3 223.1 8.4 300
350 199.9 4.6 173.2 3.8 233.5 14.8 230.2 15.1 235.2 13.6 243.0 10.7 243.1 13.7 226.1 10.2 350
400 197.8 4.7 178.1 4.0 232.6 13.8 230.7 15.8 234.5 14.4 242.8 11. 9 243.2 15.0 227.3 11.2 400
450 195.8 4.8 182.4 4.2 232.4 12.5 231.5 16.0 234.7 14.1 243.3 13.3 242.8 15.3 229.0 11.7 450
500 195.1 4.8 185.9 4.5 238.7 14.0 232.5 15.2 238.3 12.8 243.9 13.4 239.6 14.1 235.4 11.0 500
550 188.3 5.0 240.5 14.6 233.5 15.2 242.8 14.4 243.6 14.5 240.9 14.1 237.9 11. 6 550
600 190.0 5.4 234.8 15.7 245.9 17.1 243.0 16.3 244.0 15.0 240.5 11.8 600
650 237.9 16.0 247.7 18.9 243.1 18.2 245.9 17.4 259.2 8.1 650
700 239.6 17.4 252.2 20.1 243.5 19.0 247.1 19.1 700
750 240.9 19.1 255.8 20.7 244.3 19.3 249.4 19.5 750
800 242.4 20.6 245.9 19.6 255.6 17.7 800
850 243.0 22.4 248.5 19.4 246.3 17.2 850
900 243.2 23.3 249.8 19.3 240.8 17.2 900
N
N
W
-------
N Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
N
.f>o
Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7 Ascn C-8
3 Nov 71 3 Nov 71 3 Nov 71 3 Nov 71 3 Nov 71 3 Nov 71 3 Nov 71 3 Nov 71
0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 090'0 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST
Double Combined Single Double Double Double Combined Double
Z, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfc 0.0 0.0 247.0 0.9 270.0 1.3 247.0 1.3 270.0 2.2 270.0 2.7 270.0 3.6 Sfc
50 289.3 2.4 268.6 1.6 241.3 2.4 267.5 2.9 244.4 3.1 252.5 6.0 267.5 4.5 262.7 5.9 50
100 272.7 3.2 265.5 2.7 248.2 3.4 273.7 2.9 254.1 3.5 255.7 6.7 271.1 4.9 264.6 6.6 100
150 269.2 3.5 271.7 2.9 252.8 4.4 275.3 2.7 264.6 3.8 255.2 5.4 268.5 5.2 261.7 5.9 150
200 264.3 3.9 274.0 3.3 259.0 5.5 255.9 2.4 267.1 3.7 259.0 6.1 261.1 5.5 255.4 6.4 200
250 261.9 4.3 274.4 3.7 263.1 5.5 239.6 2.6 268.7 3.6 254.5 5.1 255.2 5.6 257.2 6.0 250
300 264.0 4.6 274.3 3.7 269.9 3.0 232.3 3.2 267.8 3.8 256.3 4.8 253.1 3.1 257.9 6.0 300
350 267.9 4.4 276.6 3.3 256.0 2.0 237.9 3.7 266.8 4.1 255.6 5.7 236.6 0.7 252.0 7.3 350
400 276.1 3.9 281.2 3.7 228.1 3.3 251.8 4.2 264.2 4.4 259.6 6.1 259.6 5.5 255.0 6.0 400
450 282.3 3.5 288.5 3.9 234.4 3.6 262.6 4.4 260.0 4.9 262.4 6.7 261.0 10.3 260.1 7.9 450
500 282.6 3.1 294.3 3.8 250.9 3.6 273.7 4.3 256.7 5.3 263.2 7.3 262.3 8.2 262.9 6.1 500
550 280.2 2.9 290.5 3.8 256.8 4.9 277.2 4.3 256.7 5.3 264.8 7.1 264.5 6.2 265.2 6.8 550
600 287.0 3.7 259.2 6.0 277.6 4.2 268.8 5.5 264.8 5.5 265.6 7.6 600
650 291.1 3.6 265.7 7.9 264.5 6.0 262.2 9.2 650
700 298.7 3.0 262.3 9.7 264.7 7.1 258.7 7.1 700
750 298.9 3.8 268.3 3.5 268.4 7.7 750
800 298.4 3.8 259.1 11.8 266.8 8.2 800
850 302.5 3.7 258.4 15.3 262.3 8.6 850
900 303.0 3.5 256.7 11.2 255.3 8.6 900
950 299.0 3.4 257.8 9.7 251.1 10.3 950
1000 292.5 3.5 259.9 10.2 251.4 11.9 1000
1050 284.4 4.7 257.1 13.0 1050
1100 280.1 6.1 263.6 14.3 1100
1150 278.3 7.5 270.0 15.6 1150
1200 277.8 8.2 270.3 16.7 1200
1250 270.6 17.6 1250
1300 272.7 17.8 1300
1350 274.2 17.9 1350
1400 275.1 18.1 1400
1450 276.0 18.0 1450
1500 277.0 17.9 1500
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-9 Ascn C-l0 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 As cn C-6
3 Nov 71 3 Nov 71 4 Nov 71 4 Nov 71 4 Nov 71 4 Nov 71 4 Nov 71 4 Nov 71
1130 EST 1200 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST
Double Combined Double Single Single Double Combined Combined
I, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S.mps D,deg S,mps I, m
Sfc 270.0 3.6 247.0 4.5 315.0 3.1 270.0 3.6 315.0 3.6 270.0 3.1 270.0 5.4 270.0 5.8 Sfc
50 271.3 5.5 272.7 8.1 258.4 7.8 254.0 8.0 267.0 8.1 248.0 6.6 248.1 13.4 253.8 9.9 50
100 270.8 5.5 271.6 8.5 263.4 9.3 256.6 9.3 264.3 11.0 250.9 6.6 252.6 6.5 252.9 8.8 100
150 260.5 5.6 261.5 8.5 282.5 4.2 258.5 9.9 269.5 13.7 262.5 5.9 263.0 9.8 255.9 9.9 150
200 248.4 6.0 251.6 8.7 259.9 9.7 272.4 14.3 268.8 5.6 265.2 9.0 258.5 11.1 200
250 240.6 6.5 249.5 9.1 260.7 8.4 274.8 12.3 272.5 6.2 264.8 11.2 261.4 9.9 250
300 245.8 5.8 250.7 9.5 259.6 7.6 277.7 10.5 263.6 6.9 267.6 10.2 265.3 8.5 300
350 244.7 5.3 251.8 9.9 267.3 7.6 278.0 10.2 256.5 7.8 271.7 8.0 270.1 8.4 350
400 242.9 5.3 254.8 9.9 278.2 8.2 278.4 9.9 256.7 8.8 269.6 6.8 273.6 10.0 400
450 250.8 6.0 259.4 9.6 270.7 8.4 259.8 9.8 266.3 8.9 276.2 11.5 450
500 251.4 5.6 263.3 10.0 257.6 6.9 262.6 10.7 270.1 13.4 281.1 9.5 500
550 247.0 4.4 264.1 11.8 251.6 6.7 265.3 11.3 271.7 11.4 288.5 7.6 550
600 249.9 5.4 263.4 11.3 252.7 7.3 267.9 11.6 275.5 10.0 287.8 7,4 600
650 254.5 7.8 262.3 9.7 258.9 8.1 270.9 9.9 281.8 5.5 283.6 8.0 650
700 257.6 8.9 261.4 9.1 270.3 9.4 275.6 8.4 284.8 6.1 280.5 8.7 700
750 260.8 9.1 261.7 11.2 277.8 10.7 283.2 7.8 281.1 7.5 278.3 9.6 750
800 265.4 8.3 262.1 12.2 281.2 11.5 287,4 7.6 274.6 8.3 276.6 10.9 800
850 270.3 7.6 262.7 12.7 284.4 12.4 271.3 8.8 275.5 12.5 850
900 267.8 9.1 262.9 12.8 288.6 13.4 275.0 13.7 900
950 267.8 10.9 263.1 13.0 292.1 14.5 274.8 14.7 950
1000 268.1 12.5 265.1 14.3 293.4 15.1 274.8 15.1 1000
1050 269.5 13.1 266.3 15.2 294.6 15.7 1050
1100 270.8 13.7 265.9 14.8 296.6 16.1 1100
1150 283.9 10.5 266.1 14.5 298.5 16.5 1150
1200 281. 2 14.1 267.1 14.3 1200
1250 278.5 16.6 270.2 14.5 1250
1300 274.2 15.0 1300
1350 270.7 13.4 1350
1400 264.3 11.4 1400
N 1450 262.3 10.7 1450
N
U1 1500 261.7 9.7 1500
-------
N Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
N
0'1
Asen C-7 As en C-8 Asen C-l Asen C-2 As en C-3 Asen C-4 Asen C-5 Asen C-6
4 Nov 71 4 Nov 71 5 Nov 71 5 Nov 71 5 Nov 71 5 Nov 71 5 Nov 71 5 Nov 71
1030 EST 11 00 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST
Combined Double Double Combined Double Double Double Double
Z, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps ~ S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfe 270.0 4.5 270.0 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sfe
50 246.4 5.4 260.2 6.2 228.5 0.3 126.6 0.7 082.6 0.7 112.4 0.8 074.2 0.2 149.3 0.5 50
100 248.9 7.1 253.1 6.2 228.5 0.6 094.8 0.8 049.7 1.1 060.1 0.8 153.8 0.6 137.5 0.6 100
150 248.3 7.9 245.3 6.0 228.5 1.0 164.1 0.5 128.2 0.5 132.1 0.1 220.1 0.3 119.9 0.5 150
200 248.9 7.4 242.9 7.1 228.5 1.3 209.5 1.5 189.8 1.5 209.3 1.1 252.6 0.8 079.0 0.5 200
250 254.1 6.8 242.5 8.5 231.3 1.9 208.3 2.6 204.3 2.5 206.4 2.3 211.6 2.4 192.7 2.4 250
300 255.6 6.4 243.0 8.6 235.7 3.1 209.3 3.1 212.1 4.1 209.7 4.4 209.1 4.4 200.7 4.9 300
350 258.4 6.0 244.4 7.4 237.7 4.3 212.4 3.8 212.6 5.3 211.9 6.5 212.2 6.4 207.5 6.9 350
400 252.4 8.1 246.4 7.4 238.8 5.5 220.4 4.9 210.9 6.0 216.5 6.9 216.6 7.3 213.1 6.9 400
450 250.7 9.5 246.4 7.4 239.5 6.7 227.6 5.9 215.3 6.1 218.0 7.4 218.6 7.6 220.5 6.1 450
500 250.7 10.3 245.1 7.5 239.9 8.0 239.1 6.7 22.3.8 6.1 218.1 7.9 218.8 6.9 223.5 5.5 500
550 252.1 12.2 241. 7 8.3 240.9 8.2 240.0 7.6 229.3 6.3 222.9 7.4 219.0 6.7 222.5 5.1 550
600 254.0 15.2 240.7 7.9 242.7 7.4 237.9 7.9 231.8 6.9 227.1 6.7 217.9 6.4 217.9 6.2 600
650 254.4 14.9 247.8 4.8 244.7 6.6 241.5 6.4 231.1 6.2 228.5 5.5 215.3 6.3 214.2 8.0 650
700 253.1 9.9 276.3 4.7 249.9 5.6 244.0 6.3 232.7 5.4 225.8 6.3 213.4 7.0 215.6 7.2 700
750 256.4 8.8 275.2 6.2 259.0 5.8 247.7 6.6 239.2 5.1 223.6 5.9 214.1 6.6 217.6 6.5 750
800 261.8 10.6 270.5 7.2 263.7 7.2 254.2 6.6 249.9 6.0 227.3 5.7 224.2 5.4 220.4 6.2 800
850 265.0 11.0 266.3 7.9 264.7 9.1 262.0 7.6 258.9 7.5 237.7 6.4 242.8 5.2 234.9 5.0 850
900 269.3 12.6 269.1 7.3 266.1 7.4 264.3 8.7 269.6 6.5 260.0 6.2 249.3 7.4 248.1 5.6 900
950 271.2 14.3 272.4 6.9 270.0 6.5 261.8 9.7 264.6 7.3 272.2 6.1 276.7 5.4 254.6 6.4 950
1000 271.3 15.3 270.2 9.9 267.3 6.6 263.7 9.6 264.3 6.6 265.8 5.4 261.0 5.9 267.5 5.0 1000
1050 280.1 10.6 269.5 11.6 264.1 7.0 265.2 9.2 265.7 6.2 260.7 6.9 266.6 5.0 253.2 5.8 1050
1100 284.8 9.2 266.2 5.6 264.9 8.6 267.0 6.7 260.8 7.9 258.4 7.1 265.0 4.7 1100
1150 267.1 5.8 262.4 8.4 266.6 7.7 284.4 4.6 279.7 5.2 262.9 6.0 1150
1200 269.9 7.5 260.6 8.3 266.5 8.0 289.9 5.2 288.3 5.4 281. 3 4.9 1200
1250 271.4 8.1 261.3 7.8 292.6 5.8 282.8 6.2 286.3 4.9 1250
1300 262.6 7.6 291.3 4.5 1300
1350 265.0 7.4 307.7 4.0 1350
1400 271.1 6.8 288.3 5.6 1400
1450 287.2 6.5 286.7 5.8 1450
1500 302.2 6.9 1500
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-7 Ascn C-8 Ascn C-9 Ascn C-l0 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4
5 Nov 71 5 Nov 71 5 Nov 71 5 Nov 71 6 Nov 71 6 Nov 71 6 Nov 71 6 Nov 71
1030 EST 1100 EST 1130 EST 1200 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST
Double Double Combined Double Combined Combined Combined Combined
I, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps I, m
Sfc 180.0 0.9 0.0 180.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sfc
50 245.7 0.3 228.5 0.6 155.5 1.4 170.7 0.6 089.9 0.9 073.4 0.8 083.0 1.2 079.4 0.9 50
100 034.9 0.1 230.9 0.8 157.3 1.6 151.0 1.1 060.5 1.5 070.4 0.9 063.1 0.8 056.2 0.3 100
150 295.6 0.2 233.5 1.0 149.2 1.7 168.1 2.2 049.4 0.5 119.8 0.6 110.1 0.2 240.9 0.4 150
200 221.0 1.1 248.2 1.2 139.3 1.7 173.4 1.8 212.8 1.7 197.7 1.7 202.9 2.0 225.3 1.8 200
250 209.8 3.0 250.9 1.7 122.7 1.0 204.3 1.2 210.6 4.7 210.3 3.9 207.5 4.2 223.5 3.3 250
300 209.2 4.6 246.2 2.7 064.8 0.6 221.8 1.0 210.6 7.5 215.2 5.5 214.0 6.1 221.3 4.8 300
350 210.3 5.9 242.5 3.5 067.0 0.5 171.0 1.1 212.9 9.1 217.3 7.2 214.4 7.9 219.7 6.4 350
400 215.6 6.0 237.6 4.1 094.1 0.5 147.2 1.5 214.4 10.7 214.7 8.1 212.4 9.5 218.9 8.1 400
450 220.6 5.9 233.9 4.6 136.5 0.4 126.5 1.7 215.6 12.3 214.4 9.5 219.2 6.8 219.3 10.4 450
500 219.9 5.7 227.2 4.6 224.1 0.8 158.7 1.5 218.8 13.1 218.2 12.6 217.0 11.6 219.7 11.2 500
550 214.6 5.9 220.2 4.6 233.2 1.6 169.1 1.5 223.0 13.5 222.1 14.0 220.3 12.6 222.4 10.9 550
600 214.4 6.4 216.6 4.7 217.9 2.9 184.5 2.8 227.4 14.0 228.2 13.3 223.8 13.7 231.1 13.5 600
650 213.7 6.2 217.6 5.0 213.0 3.9 195.1 3.2 234.6 14.1 233.3 14.4 230.1 15.8 235.7 12.1 650
700 212.5 5.4 219.7 5.1 213.5 3.9 205.0 3.5 239.5 11.3 235.0 12.9 234.1 16.0 238.1 13.4 700
750 212.3 5.4 226.0 4.7 220.2 4.1 200.1 3.8 241.4 11. 5 235.9 10.9 236.6 15.8 238.7 14.3 750
800 214.9 5.4 233.7 4.7 231.4 4.7 194.1 4.1 245.0 11.9 234.4 12.2 237.6 15.5 241.0 14.0 800
850 230.0 4.8 238.2 5.2 230.5 4.8 192.9 4.1 248.0 11. 9 235.4 13.6 238.5 15.3 243.7 13.6 850
900 247.3 4.5 235.2 5.4 230.8 4.6 194.8 4.2 245.6 14.0 237.5 13.9 238.9 14.6 246.2 13.5 900
950 241.5 5.7 233.6 5.1 240.9 3.8 204.4 4.1 246.1 14.5 238.3 14.0 239.2 14.1 246.0 13.2 950
1000 241.8 5.0 238.6 5.6 246.7 3.6 224.5 3.3 246.5 15.8 240.7 14.0 239.1 14.8 244.8 12.5 1000
1050 242.7 4.5 239.4 5.1 253.2 4.1 239.6 2.8 247.2 17.1 242.8 14.5 240.0 14.8 244.8 11. 7 1050
1100 245.5 4.6 262.9 3.1 256.7 4.1 236.8 2.7 249.4 16.9 244.7 14.4 241.0 15.1 246.2 11.2 1100
1150 253.4 4.6 260.3 4.7 258.7 3.7 237.0 2.6 250.9 16.9 247.1 13.1 242.2 15.7 244.8 12.8 1150
1200 268.4 4.2 270.4 3.5 266.3 3.4 241.4 2.6 251.9 16.9 248.1 14.7 245.0 15.4 1200
1250 290.1 3.5 283.6 2.9 276.3 3.2 253.0 2.5 252.4 16.8 249.5 14.5 246.1 14.8 1250
1300 269.1 4.8 288.1 3.1 285.5 2.8 251.9 16.2 250.4 14.1 246.3 14.3 1300
1350 264.7 5.3 316.3 2.8 294.4 2.5 251.5 16.2 1350
1400 321.0 2.5 298.9 2.2 251.4 16.7 1400
N 1450 324.2 3.0 309.3 2.0 1450
N 1500 324.6 1.9 1500
"-J
-------
N Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
N
00
Asen C-5 Asen C-6 Asen C-7 As en C-8 Asen C-9 Asen C-l0 Asen C-l Asen C-2
6 Nov 71 6 Nov 71 6 Nov 71 6 Nov 71 6 Nov 71 6 Nov 71 9 Nov 71 9 Nov 71
0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST 1130 EST 1200 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST
Combined Combined Doubl e Combi ned Combi ned Combined Double Combined
Z, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D ,deg S ,mps Z, m
Sfe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 Sfe
50 068.8 1.8 068.6 0.8 115.0 0.6 145.1 0.1 279.5 1.0 222.9 5.2 186.8 0.6 306.7 1.3 50
100 072.3 2.1 078.5 1.2 200.1 1.7 205.0 1.4 236.9 2.5 219.7 8.3 186.8 1.2 278.5 1.3 100
150 114.0 1.4 194.7 1.7 209.6 3.4 213.6 4.0 227.4 4.2 218.6 10.8 175.3 2.7 249.6 0.9 150
200 169.5 1.6 209.5 4.3 212.8 5.1 215.0 5.9 224.9 5.6 221.2 7.7 170.9 4.4 158.5 0.8 200
250 200.3 2.7 212.7 7.0 215.1 6.8 215.5 7.3 224.5 6.7 224.4 6.5 168.9 6.2 154.7 2.4 250
300 211.5 4.2 214.0 9.5 217.3 8.6 216.5 8.8 224.2 7.7 225.0 7.8 167.6 7.5 155.9 4.2 300
350 215.0 6.3 214.8 10.7 218.8 10.4 219.8 9.9 222.9 9.0 225.7 8.8 165.4 6.8 157.3 5.3 350
400 216.7 8.5 215.5 11. 6 220.1 12.1 221.8 11.5 221.2 10.5 226.8 9.3 163.8 6.6 158.7 6.2 400
450 218.2 10.8 218.0 13.4 223.2 13.6 224.6 12.7 221.2 10.8 227.2 9.9 165.3 8.0 160.7 6.8 450
500 219.2 13.2 220.9 17.4 229.9 12.1 231.6 12.3 220.9 10.6 225.2 11.4 168.1 9.0 163.9 7.1 500
550 223.3 13.6 229.4 12.1 236.1 13.0 235.9 10.5 222.4 11.9 224.4 12.1 171.7 9.7 166.9 7.4 550
600 228.2 13.4 232.6 15.1 243.5 11.7 238.2 12.3 228.6 12.4 226.4 10.7 180.1 9.4 173.0 8.2 600
650 232.8 14.7 245.4 9.5 258.1 6.0 239.7 13.2 232.0 14.2 233.6 10.1 188.9 8.9 178.3 9.1 650
700 243.2 11.4 245.5 8.3 247.6 6.1 241.2 12.7 232.3 16.1 234.2 10.1 198.8 8.3 185.7 9.6 700
750 244.0 14.7 300.6 2.7 236.8 7.1 239.8 12.7 232.7 16.8 243.9 6.8 204.5 9.0 193.8 10.1 750
800 244.2 14.2 244.3 9.0 235.2 6.7 236.9 13.4 235.2 16.6 239.4 12.2 211.2 8.5 199.8 9.8 800
850 243.5 13.6 240.1 11.0 238.0 9:2 234.5 13.8 236.4 16.3 238.1 12.2 221.7 7.3 205.9 9.3 850
900 242.1 13.6 240.5 11. 7 237.4 8.3 232.7 13.5 236.4 16.1 236.0 12.4 234.3 7.0 212.5 9.5 900
950 242.3 13.5 240.1 12.0 235.5 9.7 233.8 14.2 234.4 16.0 234.6 12.8 235.5 8.9 218.6 10.1 950
1000 242.9 13.2 240.7 12.5 234.3 13.4 233.9 16.6 234.2 13.2 231.9 10.6 224.0 10.5 1000
1050 242.0 13.4 241.3 12.9 236.6 13.7 233.3 16.9 233.6 13.7 242.9 9.2 229.0 11.0 1050
1100 241.1 13.1 236.5 13.0 232.4 16.6 231. 9 13.5 255.0 8.2 233.7 11.6 1100
1150 242.9 11.4 235.7 12.3 233.7 15.9 229.7 13.4 244.3 10.4 238.1 12.2 1150
1200 242.9 12.7 234.3 16.7 228.8 14.9 245.9 12.6 241.2 12.7 1200
1250 240.2 13.3 234.3 17.8 227.7 15.6 246.8 10.5 243.4 13.0 1250
1300 237.6 13.5 234.2 15.3 225.8 15.5 247.9 4.6 243.9 13.0 1300
1350 234.3 14.8 223.2 14.9 233.3 6.8 243.2 12.9 1350
1400 234.5 15.0 228.9 10.2 241.4 12.7 1400
1450 238.6 12.3 1450
1500 235.1 12.0 1500
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7 Ascn C-8 Ascn C-9 Ascn C-l0
9 Noy 71 9 Noy 71 9 Noy 71 9 Noy 71 9 Noy 71 9 Noy 71 9 Noy 71 9 Noy 71
0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST 1100 EST 1130 EST 1200 EST
Double Double Single Double Double Double Double Double
Z, m D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfc 0.0 270.0 0.9 225.0 2.2 202.0 1.3 180.0 3.1 202.0 3.6 202.0 3.1 225.0 4.5 Sfc
50 127,4 0.2 230.9 0.9 211.4 3.0 214.1 1.6 164.8 3.7 215.0 3.6 183.6 3.8 242.4 5.8 50
100 220.8 0.9 220.7 1.2 201.6 2.8 200.6 1.4 168.5 3.7 222.8 3.5 187.8 3.8 242.6 5.4 100
150 228.3 1.8 188.5 1.6 190.5 2.5 172.4 1.2 178.6 3.6 229.3 3.3 208.5 3.8 237.1 4.9 150
200 209.5 2.5 164.0 2.9 179.9 2.5 159.3 1.5 187.4 3.5 236.1 3.2 215.9 3.9 232.2 4.5 200
250 198.2 3.3 172.9 3.6 172.8 2.6 174.3 2.3 186.9 3.0 241.2 3.1 204.7 4.1 232.5 3.9 250
300 185.3 3.7 167.0 4.5 169.0 2.9 181.4 3.2 186.2 2.5 246.4 3.1 196.3 4.2 236.9 3.7 300
350 171.9 4.1 156.2 5.2 178.8 3.6 186.0 4.0 197.8 2.5 234.2 2.8 195.5 4.1 243.9 3.6 350
400 170.5 5.8 154.2 5.4 185.2 4.4 189.4 4.7 201. 8 3.1 217.1 2.6 194.6 4.0 248.1 3.2 400
450 173.3 7.4 161.3 5.1 190.2 4.6 193.7 4.7 199.8 4.1 207.3 2.9 201.8 3.9 247.8 3.1 450
500 178.3 8.7 169.2 4.9 194.8 4.9 197.3 4.7 203.2 5.0 210.1 3.4 213.0 3.9 246.7 3.8 500
550 183.1 8.8 180.6 5.6 198.7 5.5 195.6 5.5 205.5 5.9 212.1 4.0 218.5 3.7 245.6 3.9 550
600 188.1 8.6 189.5 6.8 201.6 6.5 197.2 6.0 208.4 6.5 218.4 4.8 222.5 3.2 243.9 3.5 600
650 189.4 7.9 195.8 7.6 207.4 7.3 209.9 6.5 212.1 6.8 223.6 5.5 232.3 3.3 240.8 3.3 650
700 204.6 7.6 201.5 8.0 216.9 8.1 224.6 7.4 217.2 7.2 222.6 5.3 239.2 3.5 236.2 3.7 700
750 206.9 8.8 209.0 7.8 223.1 9.0 233.6 7.6 226.3 8.0 224.5 5.1 237.1 3.6 232.4 4.1 750
800 210.4 8.2 220.1 7.6 224.8 9.8 236.0 7.9 231.2 6.9 232.3 4.9 236.6 3.6 226.4 4.3 800
850 228.6 5.9 228.0 7.6 226.3 10.5 236.2 8.0 233.9 6.8 236.9 5.4 240.5 3.5 220.0 4.4 850
900 227.3 8.4 230.7 7.8 227.9 11.0 237.1 7.5 238.8 6.5 236.4 6.5 245.8 3.6 218.3 4.6 900
950 228.8 9.8 235.1 8.3 229.4 11. 5 243.0 6.8 245.3 6.0 237.7 6.4 253.1 4.6 218.8 4.6 950
1000 258.8 6.8 241.0 7.4 232.0 11. 5 244.8 6.2 242.2 5.8 239.1 6.2 250.8 5.8 226.4 3.9 1000
1050 240.4 9.7 249.0 7.9 234.5 11.6 232.0 7.2 239.0 5.9 238.1 7.3 247.1 7.3 235.8 5.7 1050
1100 248.4 6.8 249.3 7.7 238.2 11.5 221.9 6.9 232.0 8.6 236.0 8.1 244.1 9.0 239.7 6.9 1100
1150 233.9 7.4 235.7 8.0 241.9 11.5 231 .6 3.4 228.0 8.9 232.3 8.1 236.3 8.6 239.3 7.1 1150
1200 230.1 5.8 228.3 8.7 240.8 11.2 246.4 5.6 226.7 7.8 233.4 6.4 232.0 7.6 236.6 9.5 1200
1250 238.6 6.0 222.4 8.1 239.5 10.9 246.9 7.3 232.0 6.5 244.5 6.1 234.6 6.3 237.1 8.4 1250
1300 252.6 6.4 218.0 6.3 235.2 11.4 243.1 6.2 244.8 7.7 246.1 5.2 244.6 8.9 1300
1350 226.2 6.1 231.2 11.9 253.4 5.8 244.4 8.7 248.6 7.0 251.3 9.6 1350
1400 229.1 12.0 245.1 6.7 249.2 9.2 249.8 8.2 1400
1',) 1450 227.0 12.1 257.4 9.6 258.2 6.9 1450
N 1500 224.9 11.6 257.4 10.5 262.3 8.8 1500
1.0
-------
r\>
CO
O
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Z, m
Sfc
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
Ascn C-l
12 Nov 71
0730 EST
Double
D.deg S.mps
0.0
230.4 2.4
223.2 4.8
228.6 6.2
232.8 7.6
235.3 9.2
237.2 8.8
241.4 8.8
246.8 9.4
252.4 10.4
257.9 11.7
262.6 13.2
267.5 12.0
267.7 12.0
266.6 13.4
267.6 15.6
283.0 9.4
274.6 16.0
278.7 14.9
280.2 15.5
280.5 16.2
285.6 12.5
288.8 9.4
275.9 14.3
272.4 19.2
271.7 19.0
Ascn C-2
12 Nov 71
0800 EST
Combi ned
D.deg S.mps
0.0
231.0 2.9
226.4 5.2
228.4 6.5
231.6 7.5
235.1 8.8
237.8 10.0
240.3 9.9
245.5 10.2
250.7 10.6
253.6 11.1
258.8 11.9
263.8 12.6
268.4 13.2
269.7 13.1
270.4 14.2
271.6 14.9
273.5 14.9
277.0 15.1
279.1 15.5
280.0 16.1
278.8 16.5
279.0 16.5
279.3 16.4
274.6 17.8
273.1 18.9
273.1 19.6
Ascn C-3
12 Nov 71
0830 EST
Combined
D,deg S.mps
0.0
232.9 4.0
223.1 5.6
221.2 7.1
228.2 8.3
232.7 9.4
234.6 10.1
236.0 10.6
239.0 10.8
245.0 10.9
249.0 11.8
252.7 12.7
257.0 13.5
260.9 14.0
264.7 13.9
265.3 15.2
264.5 17.1
265.7 17.3
267.7 17.4
271.2 17.3
271.3 17.2
269.6 16.9
268.2 17.4
267.0 17.9
266.1 18.5
265.3 19.8
264.4 21.6
265.1 24.0
266.4 25.6
270.3 24.6
273.4 23.9
Ascn C-4
12 Nov 71
0900 EST
Combined
D.deg S.mps
225.0 2.2
223.6 5.4
221.0 5.5
218.0 5.3
220.4 5.9
226.2 7.4
230.0 9.0
232.6 10.6
239.6 10.4
247.8 10.0
256.2 10.0
255.4 12.1
257.0 13.9
259.1 15.6
261.6 17.4
262.6 18.7
262.4 19.4
262.9 19.7
264.0 19.7
265.5 19.5
267.2 19.2
266.4 19.9
264.4 21.3
263.2 21.5
262.3 21.1
262.5 21.7
262.9 22.6
263.0 22.7
Ascn C-5
12 Nov 71
0930 EST
Combined
D.deg S.mps
270.0 4.5
248.3 4.3
245.3 5.7
245.0 7.2
245.4 8.3
246.2 9.0
247.1 9.5
248.1 9.6
250.8 10.0
254.5 10.5
258.5 11.9
259.6 13.0
259.7 14.1
261.7 13.7
263.9 13.4
264.3 16.2
265.6 16.5
271.4 11.1
268.7 16.1
269.0 17.5
269.6 18.3
268.3 20.0
267.2 21.5
265.9 22.9
265.5 23.7
265.5 24.3
267.5 27.0
269.0 29.4
Ascn C-6
12 Nov 71
1000 EST
Combined
D.deg S.mps
202.0 3.1
230.0 5.8
236.5 7.5
238.7 9.1
241.5 9.7
244.2 10.2
247.3 11.0
248.0 11.6
248.5 11.9
254.6 12.8
253.6 12.4
258.5 12.0
261.4 14.8
263.1 13.5
266.6 12.0
262.9 16.6
261.2 19.7
260.9 18.9
260.9 17.6
263.4 13.7
267.1 11.6
270.2 12.6
265.5 14.8
266.4 15.8
274.5 15.3
278.1 17.3
280.3 18.5
281.7 19.4
281.6 23.8
281.6 25.4
Ascn C-7
12 Nov 71
1030 EST
Double
D.deg S.inps
225.0 7.2
227.6 8.1
232.1 8.5
237.0 8.8
241.8 9.0
247.3 8.8
253.0 8.7
254.9 9.3
254.5 10.3
254.2 11.4
248.0 11.1
241.6 11.0
245.8 11.1
250.6 11.5
254.3 12.4
258.8 14.0
264.0 15.8
262.2 15.3
259.1 16.7
257.6 18.5
258.8 15.6
264.8 12.8
265.2 19.1
269.0 17.1
275.0 14.5
285.5 11.7
283.1 15.5
282.7 17.4
283.3 17.5
Ascn C-8
12 Nov 71
1100 EST
Double
D.deg S.mps
225.0 5.4
228.2 8.7
229.9 9.5
231.4 10.0
233.2 9.6
236.1 10.1
239.1 10.6
242.6 9.6
246.6 9.3
250.1 9.7
257.3 9.2
260.8 9.6
254.0 12.4
260.0 13.8
262.8 18.2
265.5 13.1
263.0 17.6
262.5 18.2
263.4 14.8
263.7 15.4
264.1 17.3
265.2 19.8
268.0 18.6
273.6 14.9
288.4 9.5
285.5 13.2
Z. m
Sfc
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn C-9 Ascn C-l Ascn C-2 Ascn C-3 Ascn C-4 Ascn C-5 Ascn C-6 Ascn C-7
12 Nov 71 13 Nov 71 13 Nov 71 13 Nov 71 13 Nov 71 13 Nov 71 13 Nov 71 13 Nov 71
1130 EST 0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST
Combined Double Doub 1 e Double Double Double Double Combined
h.!!!. D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfc 202.0 8.0 0.0 270.0 0.9 270.0 2.2 315.0 3.6 315.0 0.9 315.0 1.5 315.0 3.1 Sfc
50 219.1 7.9 265.4 2.2 258.4 3.2 282.4 5.0 288.6 6.0 278.9 2.9 286.4 5.7 306.2 5.4 50
100 229.1 7.9 274.1 3.0 249.5 3.9 282.5 5.9 280.1 6.1 270.3 3.9 282.5 6.2 296.8 6.1 100
150 235.0 8.2 276.9 3.8 253.0 4.1 277.7 6.1 276.2 6.5 267.0 4.6 280.3 4.5 291.0 5.4 150
200 240.5 8.5 275.9 4.7 250.2 4.1 272.0 6.3 273.9 6.5 267.1 5.2 272.1 5.4 284.6 4.8 200
250 243.1 8.6 272.5 5.6 245.1 4.1 268.3 6.1 272.4 6.2 274.7 5.0 271. 6 6.4 279.9 5.0 250
300 244.9 8.7 268.6 6.0 249.1 5.3 268.2 6.5 272.7 6.5 282.4 5.0 270.1 6.5 274.2 4.6 300
350 245.4 8.7 273.7 6.4 248.0 5.5 268.8 7.4 272.6 6.7 286.8 5.9 271.6 6.4 268.6 4.4 350
400 245.5 8.8 282.2 7.2 245.6 5.1 262.1 6.9 271.5 6.7 288.9 7.2 272.8 6.7 265.4 4.7 400
450 246.4 9.0 286.7 6.8 258.1 4.6 257.7 6.8 269.4 7.1 289.4 7.2 272.8 7.3 266.2 6.2 450
500 247.4 9.3 272.4 7.7 268.4 4.3 258.8 7.2 266.7 8.0 289.5 6.9 272.7 7.3 268.4 6.9 500
550 253.4 9.9 273.7 7.5 275.0 4.1 259.8 7.7 268.3 8.5 286.4 7.2 272.8 7.4 268.5 7.2 550
600 255.1 10.2 275.0 9.1 273.0 4.2 260.8 8.1 270.2 8.9 283.5 7.7 273.3 7.5 268.0 7.2 600
650 252.1 10.4 276.8 9.0 269.7 5.0 261.7 8.6 269.7 9.5 281.2 8.8 274.4 7.6 269.4 7.3 650
700 257.1 12.8 278.7 7.4 271.8 6.0 262.6 9.2 269.1 9.9 279.5 10.0 275.7 7.7 270.2 7.3 700
750 259.5 16.4 278.6 5.8 267.4 6.4 263.4 9.8 267.9 9.9 276.9 10.2 276.7 8.3 271. 2 7.3 750
800 265.1 18.7 274.6 7.4 260.2 7.2 265.4 10.1 269.1 10.0 274.4 10.4 277.6 8.9 280.6 6.5 800
850 261.7 19.8 273.7 8.7 259.3 7.4 272.3 9.5 273.5 10.1 274.8 10.1 279.3 9.5 290.0 6.3 850
900 256.1 20.8 269.1 9.0 262.0 8.5 271.4 10.8 276.2 10.3 276.6 9.9 280.9 10.1 293.1 7.0 900
950 260.2 23.9 262.2 9.4 269.4 12.2 277.0 10.5 281.4 9.7 284.1 9.5 297.3 7.2 950
1000 262.5 24.4 261.0 10.9 268.3 12.4 276.5 10.5 281.5 10.4 289.4 8.1 299.5 7.4 1000
1050 263.9 22.8 261. 8 12.0 269.4 13.0 274.8 10.3 280.0 11.2 288.9 8.8 297.1 8.0 1050
1100 263.1 24.5 266.2 11.6 271.3 13.8 274.4 10.3 277.8 11.8 285.9 10.5 1100
1150 264.4 24.2 268.2 13.5 273.0 12.8 276.2 12.3 285.3 10.9 1150
1200 268.7 21.7 268.9 14.4 275.4 12.1 1200
1250 272.0 19.3 278.6 11.8 1250
1300 275.5 18.0 278.2 12.9 1300
1350 278.5 18.4 279.1 13.6 1350
1400 285.6 17.9 284.0 12.6 1400
N 1450 292.2 17.9 286.3 13.3 1450
w 1500 291.3 19.8 287.0 14.2 1500
-'
-------
N
W
N
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Ascn K-l Ascn K-2 Ascn K-3 Ascn K-4 Ascn K-5 Ascn K-6 Ascn K-7 Ascn K-8
16 Nov 71 16 Nov 71 16 Nov 71 16 Nov 71 16 Nov 71 1 6 Nov 71 16 Nov 71 16 Nov 71
0730 EST 0800 EST 0830 EST 0900 EST 0930 EST 1000 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST
Double Double Double Double Doub 1 e Double Double Double
~ D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S ,mps D ,deg S ,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfc 0.0 0.0 0.0 292.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 337.0 1.3 360.0 1.8 Sfc
50 270.8 1.6 299.7 1.6 036.5 0.7 290.2 2.8 323.5 2.8 296.4 1.3 321.9 2.0 320.1 3.4 50
100 283.0 3.1 299.4 2.8 335.9 2.3 304.8 3.2 319.6 3.8 290.9 1.6 314.9 2.1 317.7 3.2 100
150 296.7 4.4 313.5 4.7 327.4 4.2 316.0 4.1 318.6 4.5 303.4 2.2 323.3 2.6 323.3 3.5 150
200 312.3 5.6 325.4 6.8 328.8 5.6 318.4 6.6 324.9 5.4 315.3 3.1 336.6 3.9 331.6 3.7 200
250 330.0 6.1 335.3 7.3 334.8 6.2 323.5 7.2 332.3 6.1 329.7 5.0 342.7 4.6 342.5 4.0 250
300 339.3 6.7 341.2 8.5 339.6 6.9 329.0 7.4 339.7 6.6 337.1 6.1 347.2 5.2 354.9 4.5 300
350 345.1 7.3 346.9 7.9 349.5 7.3 334.8 7.7 346.2 6.9 342.8 6.6 350.9 5.9 356.5 4.5 350
400 349.9 7.9 350.2 8.0 352.1 7.8 341.2 8.0 350.4 7.3 346.7 7.1 353.8 6.7 357.6 6.8 400
450 354.9 8.5 352.2 8.6 353.4 8.2 348.6 7.7 353.3 6.9 350.2 7.5 357.0 7.0 003.3 6.6 450
500 358.8 8.6 355.3 8.8 355.8 8.4 349.2 7.9 351.7 8.4 355.2 7.6 003.7 6.1 009.9 7.1 500
550 001.1 8.7 356.4 9.7 358.0 8.7 350.5 7.8 352.4 8.0 357.0 7.7 010.9 5.5 011.0 7.9 550
600 001.3 8.9 357.2 9.7 357.8 9.5 351.6 8.2 350.4 7.0 358.1 8.1 005.8 7.4 008.4 7.9 600
650 001.3 8.9 357.3 9.9 358.0 9.6 355.2 8.4 350.1 8.2 358.7 8.3 001.9 7.9 005.0 7.8 650
700 359.8 9.4 356.9 10.3 358.5 9.8 000.3 8.4 350.6 8.4 358.9 8.0 001.6 6.8 002.9 8.3 700
750 359.6 9.3 357.4 10.9 359.4 10.8 001.3 9.0 352.3 7.8 358.2 7.3 001.6 7.6 003.1 8.1 750
800 360.0 9.0 356.6 11. 2 359.4 11. 6 001 1 9.6 356.5 7.2 356.9 7.4 359.2 7.9 001.5 7.6 800
850 357.6 10.8 356.9 10.9 358.9 12.3 359.4 11.8 358.9 7.4 355.7 8.0 357.0 7.7 000.6 7.9 850
900 357.2 10.3 359.2 9.7 358.6 11.9 359.4 12.5 359.3 8.7 355.8 7.5 356.3 8.0 001.8 8.2 900
950 357.6 9.0 356.5 14.3 358.6 10.1 001.4 11.0 000.4 8.3 353.8 7.4 356.9 9.0 003.9 7.3 950
1000 355.5 17.4 007.9 8.3 359.6 9.3 353.1 8.0 359.5 7.7 003.7 7.4 1000
1050 358.9 10.7 356.0 8.6 001.7 6.8 003.1 8.8 1050
1100 359.0 11.9 357.5 7.8 1100
1150 359.0 12.4 1150
-------
Table 9. (continued) PILOT BALLOON MEASUREMENTS
Asen K-9 Asen K-l0 Asen C-l As en C-2 Asen C-3 As en C-4 Asen C-5 Asen C-6
16 Nov 71 16 Nov 71 17 Nov 71 17 Nov 71 17 Nov 71 17 Nov 71 17 Nov 71 17 Nov 71
1130 EST 1200 EST 1030 EST 11 00 EST 1130 EST 1200 EST 1230 EST 1300 EST
Double Double Double Double Double Combined Double Double
h.l!!. D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps D,deg S,mps Z, m
Sfe 315.0 0.9 315.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sfe
50 322.6 3.3 321.6 2.4 245.8 0.8 298.2 0.9 127.0 0.8 260.5 0.5 167.5 0.6 322.7 0.5 50
100 324.5 4.4 324.8 2.7 193.9 0.2 296.9 1.1 128.4 0.9 218.3 0.1 281.7 0.8 301.6 0.1 100
150 312.1 3.9 323.8 2.9 118.7 0.2 319.4 1.2 129.7 1.0 106.2 0.5 318.9 0.6 116.0 0.2 150
200 307.3 3.5 314.1 2.9 104.0 0.1 324.5 1.6 127.6 0.6 104.8 0.9 014.0 0.6 069.9 0.6 200
250 315.8 2.9 317.6 2.3 280.1 0.1 317.6 1.5 141.0 0.4 140.6 0.7 070.9 0.5 095.7 0.7 250
300 331.7 3.3 324.9 3.0 133.2 0.4 261.8 0.7 170.0 0.5 182.6 0.8 156.7 0.6 128.0 0.8 300
350 334.6 3.4 325.2 3.1 162.8 2.6 205.8 2.8 172.0 1.3 199.4 1.2 192.7 1.3 147.0 0.9 350
400 343.0 3.7 328.9 3.2 172.5 3.6 203.5 3.6 182.9 1.5 197.9 1.8 222.2 1.6 162.3 1.0 400
450 356.3 4.1 339.2 4.4 186.5 3.7 206.2 3.8 196.8 1.6 208.1 2.5 246.9 2.0 183.3 0.9 450
500 008.4 4.8 344.2 4.7 204.3 3.6 210.0 4.1 196.9 2.6 219.6 3.4 243.4 2.2 195.8 0.8 500
550 017.4 5.5 347.7 4.5 206.9 4.1 207.8 4.1 196.4 3.5 217.6 3.8 240.7 2.0 200.5 0.6 550
600 023.1 5.7 350.6 3.8 199.4 3.6 207.5 4.2 194.7 4.2 213.4 4.0 237.8 1.7 242.2 2.6 600
650 028.3 5.7 001.2 3.6 184.9 2.7 208.2 4.5 194.6 4.4 212.1 3.8 229.5 3.0 231.9 3.4 650
700 013.6 6.2 017.2 2.8 166.5 2.2 202.8 4.3 197.4 4.0 211.9 3.8 225.0 4.2 222.2 3.9 700
750 007.6 6.6 150.6 2.3 190.5 3.5 195.9 3.5 208.8 3.7 218.0 4.1 221. 3 4.3 750
800 012.1 6.5 138.7 2.8 163.7 2.6 187.2 3.2 198.4 3.7 214.2 3.8 226.4 4.4 800
850 010.8 6.8 113.7 2.0 162.4 2.8 180.9 2.8 190.1 3.2 211.2 3.6 220.1 3.9 850
900 010.5 6.9 248.9 4.4 143.2 1.3 175.5 2.1 188.1 2.5 210.7 3.8 225.3 3.1 900
950 012.9 7.0 264.9 5.1 039.0 0.7 172.3 0.5 204.3 1.6 219.0 2.6 244.4 2.3 950
1000 015.6 6.5 357.0 2.6 357.7 1.5 340.4 0.4 258.0 1.2 258.0 1.7 280.9 2.0 1000
1050 342.8 2.0 333.7 1.4 292.1 1.9 299.9 2.7 296.4 2.3 1050
1100 330.2 3.2 327.8 2.6 298.9 2.8 304.6 3.3 282.5 2.9 1100
1150 321.0 3.9 322.0 3.4 305.4 3.2 312.5 3.2 274.3 3.4 1150
1200 316.6 4.3 311.9 3.6 304.6 3.5 295.6 3.6 271.0 3.4 1200
1250 270.9 7.2 293.0 4.0 283.7 4.0 265.4 3.5 1250
1300 262.6 9.7 288.4 4.0 278.5 3.9 262.2 3.5 1300
1350 285.5 4.0 285.5 3.8 273.3 4.1 260.3 3.4 1350
1400 302.6 2.9 284.7 3.6 1400
N 1450 308.5 2.4 284.4 3.5 1450
w 1500 284.4 3.3 1500
w
-------
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Radiosonde observations taken at Jimmy Stewart Airport are presented in Table
10. On most experiment days, two releases were effected, one prior to and another
following the airborne activities. In addition, a single early-morning radiosonde
was occasionally released on days during which the weather proved too restrictive
for flying; these observations are also included in this table.
The pressure, temperature, dewpoint, and height above MSL of each mandatory
and significant level up to and including 700 millibars are given for each radio-
sonde observation in Table 10. The accompanying rabal wind speeds and directions
are listed for fixed heights, i.e., surface, 150 and 300 meters above surface, and
500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 meters MSL. Elevation of the release site is
428 meters MSL.
Ascn
EST
P, mb
Z, m
T, DC
Td, DC
H, m
D, deg
S, mps
Sfc
234
Table 10.
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Legend
Individual ascension or radiosonde designation.
Release time of radiosonde.
: Mandatory and significant pressure levels in whole millibars.
Height of each level above mean sea level in whole meters.
Dry-bulb temperature in degrees Centigrade to nearest tenth.
Dewpoint temperature in degrees Centigrade to nearest tenth.
Surface and 150 and 300 meters above surface in whole meters.
Remaining heights above mean sea level in whole meters.
Wind direction in whole degrees of azimuth.
Wind speed in meters per second to nearest tenth.
Surface wind direction and speed from Aerovane.
-------
Tab 1 e 1 0 .
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Ascn 296 21 Apri 1 1971 0554 EST Ascn 297 21 April 1971 1415 EST ~s.s:..Q.1.9~-- .?_L~E_d_lJ2L!_-2-5_Q-.IST
---
P,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC !hJ!! D,deg S,mps ~',mb ~ T, 0C l~~i ~!1! ~e]. S,mRS !:,mb Z, m ~~ Td~ ~I!! D,de9. S,mps
1000 21 1000 1 1000 22
952 428 8.0 5.5 Sfc 220 1.8 950 428 10.5 4.4 Sfc 280 6.3 952 428 1.5 1.5 Sfc 270 3.6
950 445 8.6 5.2 150 248 6.6 900 874 5.4 - 0.2 150 283 6.6 950 444 1.3 1.3 150 277 6.1
930 622 13.5 0.8 300 259 9.7 885 1011 4.0 - 1.5 300 278 8.9 915 745 - 1.6 - 2.7
900 898 11. 5 1.4 862 1226 5.0 - 6.2 900 877 - 2.1 - 2.8
886 1028 10.6 1.1 500 238 4.2 850 1340 5.1 - 7.0 500 283 4.7 879 1064 - 2.9 - 2.9
850 1373 8.8 1.7 1000 283 10.5 834 1495 5.1 - 8.4 1000 274 10.3 850 1330 - 3.9 - 3.9
831 1560 7.9 1.7 1500 305 11.5 822 1614 5.1 4.2 1500 290 15.6 831 1509 - 4.4 - 4.4
800 1873 4.9 1.7 2000 309 12.5 800 1835 4.1 3.0 819 1623 - 5.0 - 7.4
793 1944 4.4 1.9 757 2284 2.2 1.0 800 1807 - 6.3 - 9.2
750 2397 1.7 0.6 750 2359 1.6 0.0 784 1965 - 7.2 - 9.6
729 2626 0.2 0.0 700 2912 - 2.4 - 7.5 750 2310 - 9.2 -10.5
700 2951 - 2.4 - 2.6 718 2647 -11.0 -11.3
700 2842 -11.1 -16.6
Ascn 299 22 Apri 1 1971 111 5 EST Ascn 300 23 April 1971 0532 EST Ascn 301 23 Apri 1 1971 1422 EST
F,mb Z, m T,oc Td,oC !h....!!!. D ,deg S ,mps F,mb Z; m T,oC Td, o~ ~ D,deg S,mps F,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC ~ D,deg S,mps
1000 46 1000 63 1000 11
954 428 5.5 4.3 Sfc 270 8.9 956 428 - 2.5 - 3.0 Sfc 250 1.0 951 428 13.5 - 2.0 Sfc 290 7.2
950 462 5.1 4.0 150 292 8.7 950 478 - 1.4 - 3.4 150 282 4.4 950 436 13.1 - 2.4 150 325 3.2
900 900 0.6 - 0.1 300 292 9.8 930 648 2.4 - 6.7 300 298 8.6 900 886 7.7 - 6.8 300 302 5.4
884 1044 - 0.9 - 1.4 900 913 1.1 - 8.7 882 1052 5.7 - 8.5
850 1357 - 2.1 - 4.6 500 289 8.2 888 1021 0.7 - 9.3 500 256 2.2 850 1353 2.8 -10.1 500 005 3.0
800 1837 - 4.2 -10.2 850 1370 - 2.3 - 8.4 1000 309 10.8 800 1839 - 1.9 -12.5 1000 296 9.3
791 1926 - 4.5 -11.1 833 1530 - 3.5 - 7.8 1500 272 13.5 796 1879 - 2.2 -12.5 1500 272 6.9
750 2344 - 7.0 -14.5 808 1771 - 4.9 -11.7 2000 285 17.0 750 2349 - 6.3 -16.0 2000 272 8.4
735 2501 - 7.8 -15.5 800 1849 - 5.3 -11.8 2500 293 19.7 747 2380 - 6.5 -16.0 2500 283 12.3
700 2879 -10.5 -17.2 750 2353 - 9.0 -14.2 7?~ 2625 - 5.0 -24.5
745 2404 - 9.3 -14.3 700 2890 - 6.3 -26.2
700 2884 -12.3 -18.1
N
w
U1
-------
N
W
m Table 10. (continued) RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Ascn 302 24 April 1971 0526 EST Asen 303 26 ADri 1 1971 0536 EST Asen 304 26 Apri 1 1971 1345 EST
P,mb ~ T,oC Td,oC ~ D,deg S,mps P,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb Z, m T, 0C Td, 0C H, m D,deg S,mps
1000 -26 1000 67 1000 86
946 428 3.5 - 0.8 Sfe 230 1.8 957 428 4.0 4.0 Sfe 220 1.8 959 428 6.0 3.5 Sfe 270 6.3
918 673 7.4 - 2.8 150 216 10.3 950 487 4.2 3.0 150 247 7.1 950 505 5.1 1.9 150 306 8.7
900 836 5.5 - 4.9 300 225 14.0 937 600 4.7 1.2 300 264 10.0 926 713 2.6 - 2.7 300 308 10.2
851 1292 4.0 - 6.5 900 927 2.8 - 0.6 900 942 0.3 - 2.9
850 1302 3.9 - 6.6 500 210 5.7 894 981 2.6 - 0.8 500 237 4.8 855 1351 - 3.6 - 3.6 500 301 8.0
804 1751 - 0.3 - 7.3 1000 234 21.1 850 1387 - 0.9 - 1.6 1000 283 9.4 850 1397 - 3.8 - 3.9 1000 313 11.1
800 1791 - 0.7 - 7.5 1500 245 19.4 839 1491 - 1. 7 - 1.8 1500 290 15.2 800 1875 - 5.6 - 6.3
777 2023 - 2.2 - 7.9 2000 257 16.4 801 1859 - 4.8 - 4.9 783 2044 - 6.3 - 7.2
750 2304 - 3.8 -11.7 2500 276 15.2 800 1869 - 4.8 - 4.9 755 2327 - 9.0 -14.4
749 2314 - 3.9 -11.8 761 2262 - 4.8 - 8.0 750 2379 - 9.3 -14.7
723 2592 - 6.3 -10.5 750 2377 - 4.9 - 8.5 722 2673 -10.6 -15.9
700 2844 - 8.8 -11.9 730 2590 - 5.2 - 9.3 700 2911 -11.1 -17.0
700 2918 - 7.9 -13.1
As en 305 29 Apri 1 1971 0508 EST Asen 306 29 Apri 1 1971 1117 EST Asen 307 30 Apri 1 1971 0443 EST
F',mb Z, m T, 0C Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb ~ T,oC Td,oC ~ D,deg S,mps F-,mb Z, m T,oC Td, 0C H, m D,deg S,mps
1000 52 1000 86 1000 124
955 428 5.0 4.5 Sfe 230 5.4 959 428 5.5 4.6 Sfe 270 6.3 964 428 4.5 4.5 Sfe 260 2.7
950 470 4.6 4.0 150 264 9.5 950 504 4.2 2.7 150 278 12.3 950 547 3.8 3.8 150 294 6.0
900 909 1.0 - 0.1 300 268 16.9 928 694 1.1 - 2.1 300 279 16.2 900 984 1.2 1.0 300 295 7.2
886 1035 0.0 - 1.2 919 773 3.0 0.2 869 1266 - 0.5 - 0.6
859 1282 - 1.6 - 5.6 500 260 6.2 900 942 1.5 - 0.5 500 282 6.7 853 1415 - 1.2 - 1.6 500 286 4.8
850 1366 - 2.4 - 6.0 1000 275 19.5 860 1307 - 1. 5 - 2.2 1000 279 13.1 850 1443 - 1. 6 - 2.0 1000 313 8.3
810 1747 - 5.4 - 7.4 1500 290 18.9 850 1400 - 1.8 - 3.0 800 1923 - 4.6 - 5.5 1500 320 11.8
800 1844 - 6.0 - 7.8 820 1686 - 2.5 - 5.6 776 2163 - 6.0 - 7.2 2000 319 8.6
750 2348 - 8.5 - 8.8 803 1851 - 4.5 - 9.1 750 2429 - 8.3 - 9.0
741 2442 - 9.0 - 9.0 800 1881 - 4.6 - 9.6 726 2681 -10.2 -10.2
lOO 2883 - 9.0 -10.6 765 2233 - 5.9 -13.5 711 2842 - 9.5 -17.5
750 2387 - 7.0 -14.5 700 2963 - 8.9 -17.2
707 2846 -10.0 -17.1
700 2923 - 8.0 -15.7
-------
Table 10. (continued)
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Ascn 308 1 May 1971 0434 EST Ascn 309 3 May 1971 0431 EST Ascn 310 4 May 1971 0435 EST
P,mb ~ T,oe Td,oe H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb Z, m T,oe Td, 0e H, m D,deg S,mes P,mb Z, m T,oe Td,oe !h..!!!. D, deg S, mps
1000 139 1000 78 1000 89
965 428 - 1. 5 - 1.5 Sfc 100 0.4 958 428 3.0 3.0 Sfc 280 2.2 959 428 0.0 0.0 Sfc 250 2.2
950 554 3.8 3.8 150 011 3.3 950 495 2.5 2.0 150 303 5.6 950 503 - 0.5 - 0.5 150 283 5.3
924 779 2.9 0.8 300 331 3.4 910 842 - 0.2 - 3.4 300 299 5.8 917 785 - 2.1 - 2.1 300 313 10.7
900 992 1.8 - 4.2 900 930 - 0.9 - 3.4 900 934 - 0.8 - 4.1
897 1019 1.7 - 4.6 500 044 2.7 857 1320 - 3.6 - 4.0 500 298 4.6 894 988 - 0.4 - 5.0 500 277 4.2
850 1450 - 1.9 - 5.4 1000 303 3.5 850 1384 - 4.3 - 4.5 1000 324 5.4 850 1390 - 2.5 - 7.0 1000 310 13.1
835 1592 - 2.9 - 5.5 1500 288 7.7 820 1667 - 6.6 - 6.6 1500 012 3.9 840 1484 - 3.0 - 7.5 1500 328 12.1
819 1745 - 3.7 - 9.5 2000 288 7.4 800 1860 - 5.1 -11. 9 800 1869 - 5.8 - 9.5 2000 332 9.5
800 1930 - 3.7 -11.9 2500 327 6.3 793 1929 - 4.5 -14.4 775 2117 - 7.6 -10.8 2500 322 15.4
797 1960 - 3.7 -12.1 3000 327 10.0 750 2367 - 6.7 -17.2 750 2372 - 8.6 -17.7 3000 331 19.1
750 2440 - 4.5 -15.2 745 2419 - 7.0 -17.5 747 2403 - 8.6 -18.2
700 2983 - 5.4 -18.8 728 2599 - 7.6 -19.5 732 2561 - 8.5 -18.6
700 2903 - 9.7 -21.1 700 2906 -10.4 -17.9
Ascn 311 4 May 1971 1257 EST Ascn 312 5 May 1971 0512 EST Ascn 313 5 May 1971 1148 EST
F,mb h~ T, 0e Td, 0C ~ D ,deg S ,mps F,mb ~ T,oe Td,oC ~ D,deg S,mps P,mb hJ1! T,oe Td,oe H, m D,deg S,mps
1000 86 1000 98 1000 72
960 428 12.0 - 1. 1 Sfc 270 8.9 961 428 8.0 2.8 Sfc 190 1.3 959 428 19.5 5.5 Sfc 230 6.3
950 515 10.5 - 2.1 150 284 11.4 950 523 8.0 1.6 150 229 8.0 950 508 18.5 5.0 150 239 8.7
915 825 5.7 - 5.9 300 287 12.3 928 716 8.0 - 1. 5 300 256 4.8 900 967 12.9 0.9 300 234 10.3
900 960 4.5 - 6.7 900 968 5.9 - 3.2 894 1023 12.3 0.7
857 1356 1.5 - 8.8 500 295 20.9 864 1301 3.8 - 5.1 500 215 7.2 850 1444 8.6 - 1.2 500 240 7.5
850 1422 0.7 - 9.3 1000 292 16.4 850 1434 3.5 - 5.4 1000 260 11.4 814 1800 5.5 - 3.3 1000 235 10.5
811 1797 - 3.2 -11.2 1500 276 9.8 846 1472 3.4 - 5.5 1500 281 16.4 800 1941 3.9 - 3.6 1500 245 13.1
800 1905 - 4.4 -11.6 2000 279 14.0 810 1823 0.5 - 5.9 2000 284 17.0 768 2272 0.6 - 4.8 2000 259 15.5
759 2317 - 8.2 -12.5 2500 301 15.2 800 1923 - 0.5 - 5.8 750 2462 - 0.8 - 6.5 2500 260 20.7
750 2409 - 8.1 -16.0 750 2434 - 6.0 - 7.1 700 3010 - 4.4 -10.6
740 2514 - 7.9 -20.7 742 2518 - 6.9 - 7.4
716 '1771 - 6.8 -24.5 720 2754 - 6.0 - 6.0
700 2946 - 8.9 -25.4 700 2974 - 7.3 - 7.3
N
w
-...J
-------
N
W
co
Table 10. (continued)
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Ascn 314 6 May 1971 0437 EST Ascn 315 7 May 1971 0444 EST Ascn 316 8 May 1971 0432 EST
P,mb Z, m T, 0C Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb b.J!! T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps F ,mb Z, m T, 0C Td,oC ~ D,deg S,mps
1000 53 1000 148 1000 37
956 428 11.0 11.0 Sfc 030 0.9 966 428 3.0 3.0 Sfc 070 1.3 954 428 11 .5 11.5 Sfc 150 7.2
950 480 10.8 10.7 957 504 7.8 7.8 150 055 6.4 950 463 11.7 11.6 150 168 12.5
900 931 9.1 8.4 950 565 7.5 6.7 300 055 5.4 923 705 13.0 12.1 300 190 16.0
882 1098 8.6 7.5 945 608 7.4 5.9 900 917 11.9 11.3
850 1404 7.0 2.9 932 723 9.4 - 3.8 500 055 5.4 869 1211 10.4 10.4 500 152 10.8
842 1481 6.7 1.8 900 1012 7.7 - 6.4 1000 047 4.4 850 1395 8.8 8.8 1000 212 17.5
818 1719 5.0 1.5 863 1356 5.8 - 9.6 1500 360 1.5 813 1762 5.7 5.7
800 1900 4.3 2.1 850 1480 4.7 -10.2 800 1894 5.0 5.0
784 2065 3.7 2.9 832 1654 3.4 -10.6 766 2249 3.5 3.5
750 2424 1.7 0.9 800 1972 2.8 -17.4 750 2420 2.6 2.6
748 2446 1.6 0.8 784 2135 2.6 -20.7 728 2661 1.4 1.4
700 2980 0.1 - 0.1 750 2493 0.5 -22.4 700 2976 - 1.5 - 2.4
700 3043 - 2.7 -25.1
Ascn 317 10 May 1971 0438 EST Ascn 318 10 May 1971 1231 EST Ascn 319 11 May 1971 0431 EST
P,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps F,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC ~ D,deg S,mps P,mb b.J!! T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps
1000 168 1000 172 1000 185
969 428 3.5 3.5 Sfc 030 0.9 970 428 19.5 6.3 Sfc 020 2.2 971 428 4.5 4.5 Sfc 080 1.3
959 512 7.5 5.3 150 041 6.8 950 606 17.1 4.4 150 352 4.7 962 505 14.4 6.5 150 132 6.4
950 590 7.9 5.0 300 057 8.4 920 878 13.7 2.0 300 359 6.3 950 611 16.3 5.3 300 143 7.9
935 722 8.4 4.6 900 1063 11.7 0.4 949 620 16.4 5.1
900 1037 7.0 1.9 500 033 4.9 850 1537 7.0 - 2.9 500 348 3.7 900 1069 13.1 1.4 500 117 4.9
898 1055 6.9 1.6 1000 055 11.9 812 1910 3.2 - 5.9 1000 017 5.9 883 1229 12.0 0.1 1000 159 5.5
850 1504 3.6 - 1.9 1500 043 12.9 800 2031 2.4 - 6.2 1500 030 5.0 850 1546 9.3 - 1.4 1500 156 1.5
800 1994 0.1 - 5.7 2000 049 16.2 787 2163 1.4 - 6.6 2000 031 10.2 800 2045 5.1 - 4.2 2000 211 4.2
790 2094 - 0.6 - 6.3 2500 026 15.3 750 2549 - 2.2 - 9.3 2500 045 11.1 763 2430 1.9 - 6.6 2500 266 5.8
774 2258 - 1.7 - 8.0 747 2581 - 2.4 - 9.3 3000 051 13.3 750 2569 1.6 - 7.4 3000 216 2.6
762 2382 - 0.9 -12.2 700 3094 - 5.2 -13.5 716 2942 1.0 -10.?
750 2509 - 1.8 -11.9 700 3124 - 1. 2 -13.4
729 2734 - 3.4 -11.6
711 2932 - 4.7 -10.1
700 3055 - 4.9 - 6.7
-------
Table 10. (continued) RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Asen 320 11 May 1971 1335 EST Asen 321 12 May 1971 0428 EST As en 322 13 Mal... 1971 0425 EST
P,mb Z, m T,oe Td,oe H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb Z, m T,oe Td,oe H, m D,deg S,mps F ,mb Z, m T,oe Td,oe !:!.L!!! D,deg S,mps
1000 144 1000 87 1000 70
968 428 23.1 5.5 Sfe 150 3.6 961 428 15.6 14.4 Sfe 195 2.2 957 428 6.1 6.1 Sfe 030 0.9
950 590 21.3 4.4 150 125 2.4 950 525 15.2 12.7 950 488 5.6 5.1
900 1054 16.6 0.6 300 132 2.5 931 697 14.5 9.5 900 928 2.3 - 1.3
850 1537 11.6 - 2.9 900 982 12.0 9.0 893 991 1.9 - 1.8
848 1556 11 .5 - 3.0 500 135 2.9 894 1038 11.6 9.0 881 1100 1.9 - 7.1
800 2039 6.6 - 6.0 1000 153 4.0 877 1199 11.6 11.6 852 1374 8.8 8.8
750 2564 1.5 - 8.8 1500 167 5.9 850 1461 10.2 10.2 850 1394 8.7 8.7
740 2672 0.5 - 9.5 2000 187 5.3 836 1599 9.5 9.5 802 1874 6.8 6.8
722 2871 3.2 -18.9 2500 222 7.2 800 1964 7.0 7.0 800 1895 6.6 6.6
700 3121 1.8 -18.8 3000 242 7.5 750 2493 3.6 3.4 750 2422 2.6 2.6
748 2515 3.5 3.3 746 2466 2.2 2.2
712 2914 1.2 - 2.3 700 2979 0.5 0.5
700 3051 0.2 0.2
Asen 323 14 May 1971 0447 EST Asen 324 14 May 1971 1247 EST Asen 325 15 May 1971 0437 EST
P,mb Z, m T ,oe Td,oe !:!.L...!!! D,deg S,mps P,mb .h..!!! T, 0e Td, 0e ~ D,deg S ,mps P,mb Z, m T,oe Td,oe ~ D,deg S,mps
1000 103 1000 132 1000 181
961 428 3.9 3.9 Sfe 220 3.6 965 428 15.6 6.6 Sfe 260 5.4 970 428 6.7 0.1 Sfe 070 0.4
950 521 4.2 4.2 150 223 7.4 950 560 14.0 4.6 150 288 5.8 950 600 10.3 1.1 150 176 4.3
947 547 4.3 4.3 300 224 10.2 930 739 11.9 2.1 300 310 4.4 936 724 13.2 1.5 300 201 5.8
930 695 4.4 0.7 900 1012 9.2 0.8 920 869 12.4 2.2
920 783 6.8 1.9 500 227 7.8 850 1482 4.4 - 1.8 500 277 6.1 900 1053 10.5 2.8 500 133 3.4
903 936 6.0 0.0 1000 293 15.4 834 1637 5.9 - 3.7 1000 304 4.6 876 1277 8.2 2.8 1000 183 3.2
900 964 6.2 0.0 1500 304 14.1 800 1977 3.7 - 5.5 1500 296 6.4 850 1525 6.7 - 1.4 1500 254 5.4
880 1148 7.2 - 1.9 2000 295 16.0 750 2499 0.6 - 7.9 2000 305 12.4 808 1940 4.1 -11.1 2000 231 8.4
867 1271 7.0 - 2.7 2500 324 17.7 746 2542 0.2 - 8.2 2500 303 19.0 800 2021 5.1 -12.4
850 1433 6.1 - 3.0 724 2781 - 1. 2 -18.3 3000 307 20.9 795 2072 5.7 -12.8
800 1928 3.4 - 4.3 709 2948 - 0.6 -18.2 750 2548 5.0 -13.9
785 2081 2.4 - 4.8 700 3050 - 0.9 -18.9 748 2570 4.9 -14.0
750 2448 - 1.3 - 5.7 700 3108 1.5 -14.6
748 2469 - 1. 5 - 5.9
719 2783 - 3.3 -15.9
N 711 2en - 3.5 -15.2
w 700 2996 - 1.4 -19.9
\0
-------
N
~
c:>
Table 10. (continued)
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Asen 326 15 May 1971 1145 EST Asen 327 17 May 1971 0430 EST Asen 328 17 May 1971 1239 EST
P~E. ~ T,oC Td, 0C H, m D,deg S ,mps P,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps
1000 172 1000 104 1000 26
970 428 21.1 15.5 Sfe 200 2.7 962 428 11 .7 11. 7 Sfe 230 2.2 963 428 19.4 6.8 Sfc 280 4.5
950 608 19.3 11.1 150 195 5.4 950 533 11.1 11.1 150 249 5.5 950 544 18.3 5.8 150 318 6.1
919 891 16.3 4.0 300 200 7.1 902 965 8.7 8.7 900 1004 14.2 2.4 300 328 6.5
900 1069 14.7 3.2 900 983 8.8 8.8 850 1483 9.9 - 1.4
850 1549 10.5 1.0 500 193 4.0 892 1057 9.2 9.1 800 1983 5.4 - 5.0 500 309 6.3
800 2050 5.9 - 1.9 1000 213 5.2 866 1302 7.6 4.4 767 2325 2.2 - 7.9 1000 327 10.3
769 2372 3.0 - 3.7 1500 202 7.8 860 1360 8.9 4.9 750 2506 0.6 - 8.9 1500 324 10.5
757 2499 2.7 - 6.7 2000 194 8.6 850 1457 8.1 2.7 733 2690 - 0.9 -10.0 2000 311 9.9
750 2575 3.3 - 9.0 2500 230 8.5 820 1753 6.0 5.7 710 2946 2.8 -18.0 2500 326 9.8
737 2717 4.5 -15.4 3000 184 8.9 800 1955 5.5 3.3 700 3061 2.8 -16.8
700 3135 2.5 -18.2 784 2121 5.1 1 4
750 2481 2.0 - 0.5
700 3034 - 2.8 - 4.0
As en 329 18 May 1971 0436 EST Asen 330 19 May 1971 0430 EST Asen 331 20 May 1971 0437 EST
P,lllb L....!!! ~.f Td,oC ~ D,deg S,mps F ,mb L-!!! T, 0C Td, 0C ~ D,deg S,mps P,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC !i.L...!!! D,deg S,mps
1000 130 1000 117 1000 121
965 428 5.0 5.0 Sfc 070 1.3 964 428 12.2 12.2 Sfc 090 0.9 965 428 14.4 14.5 Sfc 300 0.9
954 523 18.1 6.6 150 166 2.1 955 508 22.7 16.6 150 238 2.7 951 552 17.6 15.3 150 352 7.2
950 559 16.9 5.2 300 231 1.8 950 554 23.1 16.0 300 239 4.3 950 561 17.6 15.3 300 347 7.9
900 1019 15.6 2.0 937 674 24.0 13.6 900 1024 17.2 12.8
850 1502 13.3 - 3.0 500 139 3.0 900 1025 21.6 11.1 500 189 2.1 880 1216 17.0 11.7 500 351 5.0
829 1712 12.3 - 5.2 1000 281 5.4 861 1408 19.0 8.1 1000 240 6.4 850 1512 14.9 9.7 1000 277 4.8
800 2010 12.1 - 9.0 1500 325 10.5 850 1519 18.2 7.3 1500 232 8.1 826 1754 13.1 8.2 1500 243 4.6
796 2052 12.0 - 9.6 800 2035 14.1 4.7 2000 241 10.8 800 2023 11.0 7.5 2000 203 7.0
750 2547 8.4 -12.1 770 2356 11 .5 2.5 2500 196 6.9 774 2298 8.8 6.4 2500 205 13.4
700 3113 4.3 -15.0 750 2576 10.6 1.4 3000 184 9.6 750 2558 6.9 4.4
747 2610 10.6 1.1 700 3123 2.7 0.0
700 3148 6.,1 - 2.7
-------
Table 10. (continued)
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Ascn 332 20 May 1971 1248 EST Ascn 333 18 October 1971 0535 EST Ascn 334 18 October 1971 1201 EST
P ,mb L-!!!. T, 0C Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb L-!!!. T, 0C Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps F ,mb L-!!!. T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps
1000 121 1000 202 1000 216
965 428 23.9 14.4 Sfc 230 3.1 976 428 9.4 9.5 Sfc 090 3.1 976 428 17.8 7.3 Sfc 100 3.1
951 555 21. 2 9.1 150 284 3.8 950 653 11.0 9.5 150 130 7.1 950 658 15.6 4.4 150 094 2.1
950 564 21.0 9.0 300 286 3.9 900 1107 13.8 8.5 300 142 11.3 900 1113 10.9 - 2.5 300 113 2.2
900 1028 16.6 6.7 886 1240 14.6 7.9 881 1290 9.0 - 5.7
882 1200 15.1 5.9 500 270 3.7 850 1592 16.5 - 0.2 500 119 4.3 850 1589 13.2 - 6.9 500 082 2.5
850 1511 11.6 4.3 1000 272 6.4 846 1632 16.6 - 0.6 1000 152 5.8 800 2097 11.6 -11.3 1000 133 2.0
835 1660 10.1 3.4 1500 269 5.2 800 2107 15.1 - 1.0 1500 146 6.2 788 2223 11. 1 -13.1 1500 143 8.8
822 1791 11.3 - 1.1 784 2278 14.6 - 1. 5 2000 078 6.6 750 2633 7.5 -12.3 2000 142 7.9
800 2017 9.7 - 1.9 750 2652 13.0 - 2.9 740 2743 6.7 -12.5 2500 126 6.0
750 2549 5.9 - 4.2 700 3229 10.2 - 6.6 700 3197 4.4 -16.7 3000 092 5.6
700 3111 1.9 - 6.9
Ascn 335 19 October 1971 0445 EST Ascn 336 19 October 1971 1250 EST Ascn 337 20 October 1971 0445 EST
F,mb ~ T, 0C Td,oC !L......!!!. D,deg S,mps F ,mb L-!!!. T,oC Td, 0C !L......!!!. D,deg S ,mps F',mb ~ T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps
1000 221 1000 215 1000 257
975 428 5.6 5.6 Sfc 070 1.5 976 428 22.8 8.6 Sfc 100 2.6 980 428 8.3 6.5 Sfc 060 1.5
951 635 13.5 0.2 150 129 8.4 950 662 20.3 5.9 150 105 3.7 965 556 9.4 3.0 150 127 12.1
950 644 13.6 0.3 300 134 11.1 900 1125 15.8 2.3 300 117 2.2 950 686 8.5 2.5 300 131 17.9
921 906 17.1 - 4.2 883 1286 14.1 - 1.1 937 799 7.6 1.9
900 1103 17.1 - 6.0 500 119 6.0 850 1608 15.0 1.5 500 107 3.5 921 941 7.5 0.7 500 109 8.8
882 1275 17.1 - 8.2 1000 143 7.7 800 2118 11.9 - 3.1 1000 110 3.4 908 1060 14.0 - 0.4
850 1589 15.3 - 9.6 1500 148 10.3 750 2655 8.4 - 8.2 1500 104 8.4 900 1135 13.6 3.7
800 2098 11.7 -11.2 700 3222 4.8 -14.1 2000 087 8.9 893 1200 13.1 5.8
750 2634 7.6 -14.0 2500 101 19.4 881 1314 14.5 - 8.2
700 3198 3.4 -17.5 3000 111 13.5 850 1617 15.0 - 9.9
813 1992 13.3 -12.8
800 2127 12.1 -13.8
N 750 2663 7.5 -16.8
-P> 700 3226 2.5 -20.2
-------
N
~
N Table 10. (continued) RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Ascn 338 20 October 1971 1245 EST Ascn 339 21 October 1971 0440 EST Ascn 340 21 October 1971 1220 EST
P ,m b lL.!!!. T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC !:h...!!!. D ,deg S ,mps F ,mb lL.!!!. T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg ~
1000 277 1000 261 1000 242
982 428 17.2 5.2 Sfc 110 3.1 980 428 7.8 7.9 Sfc 070 1.0 978 428 20.6 6.6 Sfc 190 2.0
950 709 14.6 4.6 150 141 5.9 952 668 9.4 6.5 150 132 7.1 950 678 18.0 4.9 150 130 1.0
900 1163 10.1 3.0 300 147 3.5 950 686 10.0 6.4 300 175 5.1 900 1136 13.2 1.9 300 169 1.7
894 1219 9.5 2.4 916 993 17.4 - 2.8 894 1193 12.8 1.8
869 1456 13.9 - 8.7 500 131 5.7 900 1143 17.0 - 3.7 500 107 6.0 883 1297 15.7 - 6.6 500 128 1.3
850 1642 14.9 - 8.5 1000 123 2.8 870 1431 16.3 - 6.7 1000 141 4.5 850 1619 14.0 - 8.0 1000 130 2.9
842 1722 15.0 - 9.2 1500 155 11.6 850 1628 14.9 - 7.2 1500 172 5.8 800 2127 11.4 -10.2 1500 146 6.0
829 1854 13.5 0.9 2000 161 8.7 817 1962 12.5 - 7.5 2000 157 5.3 750 2664 8.6 -13.1 2000 136 6.0
805 2101 13.9 -11. 5 2500 144 6.0 800 2138 11. 5 - 5.9 2500 166 5.7 700 3231 5.6 -16.3 2500 127 8.1
800 2153 13.5 -11.1 3000 140 6.1 767 2489 9.6 - 5.5 3000 120 13.1
750 2692 8.8 -15.0 750 2674 8.4 - 5.1
700 3257 3.7 -18.5 700 3241 4.2 - 5.9
Ascn 341 22 October 1971 0440 EST Ascn 342 22 October 1971 1210 EST Ascn 343 23 October 1971 0445 EST
P,mb Z, m T, 0C Td, 0C H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb lL.!!!. T,oC Td,oC !:h...!!!. D,deg S,mps F ,mb lL.!!!. T,oC Td,oC !h....!!! D,deg S,mps
1000 175 1000 181 1000 146
973 428 10.0 10.1 Sfc 100 1.0 971 428 17.2 13.4 Sfc 160 4.1 967 428 13.9 14.0 Sfc 020 1.2
965 497 12.7 11.3 150 144 8.3 964 498 16.1 9.1 150 167 3.0 950 578 13.6 13.7
950 629 12.4 10.4 300 179 7.7 950 623 15.1 9.1 300 189 4.2 900 1034 12.5 12.6
900 1082 11.2 5.8 900 1078 11.2 7.9 873 1261 11.9 12.0
895 1129 11. 1 5.2 500 124 6.6 892 1153 10.8 7.5 500 133 2.6 850 1514 10.8 10.9
869 1376 14.4 - 2.5 1000 182 10.6 867 1390 10.8 4.3 1000 213 4.2 800 2019 8.5 8.6
850 1563 13.0 - 4.2 1500 191 8.8 850 1556 10.8 5.6 1500 250 9.2 750 2552 6.0 6.0
803 2037 9.4 -11.9 2000 174 4.3 837 1684 9.6 9.2 700 3116 3.4 3.4
800 2068 9.4 -11.9 2500 179 8.5 811 1946 7.5 0.3
764 2450 9.4 -13.1 3000 217 3.2 800 2059 8.7 4.0
750 2603 9.0 -13.4 799 2069 8.7 4.0
740 2114 8.5 -14.5 784 2226 7.8 5.3
700 3170 4.9 -17.5 771 2364 7.0 - 9.0
760 2482 7.8 -13.8
750 2591 7.2 -14.3
700 3157 5.6 -15.7
-------
Table 10. (continued)
RAOIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Ascn 344 25 October 1971 0440 EST Ascn 345 26 October 1971 0440 EST ~_c_n 346 _17 0c:.tober 1}'1.L~40_E5T
P,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb Z, m T,oC Td, 0C H, m ~~ b!n~ ~_I!. hE! T, 0C Td, 0C H, m D,deg S,mps
1000 103 1000 116 1000 131
963 428 15.0 15.1 Sfc 130 1.5 964 428 12.2 12.3 Sfc 270 2.1 965 428 11.7 6.7 Sfc 110 4.1
950 543 14.8 14.7 150 131 7.3 950 551 11. 7 11.8 950 559 10.6 7.3
900 1001 13.4 12.9 300 152 10.2 900 1003 9.7 9.8 911 907 7.7 7.8
850 1483 12.0 10.7 884 1152 8.9 9.0 900 1008 11.1 5.9
847 1512 11 .9 10.6 500 124 5.1 856 1420 10.0 10.1 889 1111 14.0 2.6
800 1989 9.2 6.7 1000 191 8.0 850 1478 9.8 9.9 850 1489 13.7 - 1. 1
750 2523 6.2 2.3 1500 215 9.9 806 1919 7.0 7.0 800 2000 13.2 - 8.1
739 2644 5.4 1.0 2000 181 10.5 800 1981 7.1 6.4 780 2212 13.0 -11.5
700 3086 2.6 1.4 2500 207 11.5 767 2328 7.2 1.5 750 2541 11.4 -10.8
750 2513 6.6 1.5 700 3114 8.6 -10.4
730 2734 5.5 0.7
700 3077 4.6 - 8.9
Ascn 347 28 October 1971 0440 EST Ascn 348 29 October 1971 0440 EST As cn 349 30 October 1971 0459 EST
P,mb Z, m T ,oc Td,oC ~ D,deg S,mps F,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC !h....!I! D,deg S,mps P,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps
1000 160 1000 225 1000 186
969 428 11.1 11.2 Sfc 0.0 976 428 7.2 7.2 Sfc 090 2.1 972 428 18.3 13.7 Sfc 0.0
957 533 15.4 11.9 150 236 6.8 962 549 16.3 12.3 150 091 3.9 957 563 22.3 16.9 150 200 4.8
950 595 15.7 12.0 300 251 13.5 950 656 16.6 11 .6 300 128 2.4 950 627 22.3 16.7 300 257 8.3
930 777 16.2 11.4 936 783 16.9 11.0 909 1011 21.9 13.9
900 1055 14.7 10.4 500 221 3.4 900 1116 14.1 6.7 500 086 4.4 900 1097 21.0 13.3 500 161 4.6
896 1093 14.4 9.9 1000 277 9.9 891 1201 13.3 5.5 1000 001 0.1 850 1589 16.3 10.9 1000 243 6.4
859 1449 12.4 5.6 1500 289 13.4 850 1595 10.0 5.0 1500 210 5.4 818 1914 13.1 9.0 1500 255 8.9
850 1537 11.8 5.5 2000 274 8.9 845 1644 9.4 4.6 2000 247 1.1 800 2102 14.0 3.8 2000 262 8.6
813 1908 8.4 3.3 2500 245 12.2 800 2097 6.6 - 6.1 2500 100 2.3 779 2327 14.9 - 8.5 2500 256 12.1
800 2041 8.7 - 2.6 3000 276 5.9 779 2317 11.2 -11.6 3000 017 2.5 750 2648 16.3 - 8.1 3000 252 11.2
791 2135 8.8 - 9.2 750 2633 10.6 -12.1 743 2728 16.5 - 7.9
757 2499 9.5 -15.1 746 2677 10.5 -12.2 700 3232 12.6 -10.4
N 750 2576 9.2 -15.4 700 3204 6.6 0.9
-+:> 700 3145 7.0 -17.9
w
-------
N
-+:>
-+:>
Table 10. (continued)
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Ascn 350 1 November 1971 0540 EST Ascn 351 2 November 1971 0540 EST Ascn 352
F,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC .!:h...!!! D,deg S ,mps f',mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC .!:h...!!! D,deg S,mps P,mb Z, m
1000 180 1000 80 1000 -12
972 428 16.7 16.5 Sfc 330 3.1 960 428 17.2 17.3 Sfc 220 3.1 959 428
950 623 13.5 13.0 150 020 2.9 950 518 17.6 17.6 150 207 8.5 950 509
919 903 14.5 14.6 911 878 18.5 17.1 300 213 15.8 900 973
900 1080 13.9 14.0 900 983 18.0 16.8 883 1135
850 1562 12.0 12.1 850 1471 15.1 14.2 500 209 6.3 850 1456
800 2070 10.0 10.1 800 1984 12.1 11. 7 804 1922
773 2356 8.9 9.0 750 2524 9.0 8.9 800 1963
750 2606 7.1 5.8 740 2636 8.2 8.3 753 2464
700 3172 3.6 1.0 700 3094 5.5 5.5 750 2497
727 2752
700 3060
2 November 1971
1330 EST
T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps
20.0 15.5
19.4 15.4
15.7 13.8
14.2 12.8
12.6 8.9 500
9.9 2.0 1000
9.7 2.3 1500
6.3 1.3
6.2 1.0
5.1 - 2.0
2.9 - 1.3
Sfc 250 5.1
1 50 185 7 . 0
300 185 15.0
187 ,5 . 1
185 1 9 . 1
199 20.8
Ascn 353 3 November 1971 0540 EST Ascn 354 3 November 1971 1359 EST Ascn 355 4 November 1971 0540 EST
P,mb ~ T, 0C Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb ~ T, 0C Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb Z, m T, 0C Td,oC !:h..J.I! D, deg S ,mps
1000 96 1000 75 1000 130
961 428 6.7 6.7 Sfc 250 2.1 959 428 12.2 0.6 Sfc 280 6.7 964 428 0.0 - 3.6 Sfc 240 2.1
950 523 6.6 6.6 150 252 0.1 950 507 11.3 0.7 150 282 11.8 950 546 1.5 - 3.2 150 270 11.3
941 601 6.5 6.5 300 324 0.7 900 954 5.9 - 2.2 300 283 10.6 948 563 1.7 - 3.2 300 271 14.4
900 966 4.1 3.1 881 1128 3.7 - 3.6 900 979 - 2.0 - 4.4
874 1204 2.6 1.1 5GO 269 0.7 850 1418 1.2 - 4.7 500 281 11.5 853 1402 - 6.1 - 6.1 500 265 8.2
860 1334 2.6 -15.5 1000 318 5.4 800 1903 - 2.9 - 6.9 1000 278 14.2 850 1430 - 6.3 - 6.3 1000 275 19.3
850 1429 4.1 -14.7 1500 297 11.9 753 2379 - 7.0 - 9.3 1500 280 10.1 800 1901 -10.0 -10.2 1500 276 19.4
847 1458 4.4 -15.0 2000 264 15.3 750 2410 - 7.1 -10.0 2000 273 12.6 776 2136 -12.0 -12.5 2000 275 22.5
811 1812 4.5 -12.9 728 2642 - 8.8 -16.7 755 2345 -13.5 -17.9
800 19.71 4.0 -13.8 700 2945 -10.0 -20.3 750 2396 -13.4 -18.7
750 2445 1.4 -17.5 727 2633 13.2 -24.9
700 7998 - 1.3 -22.0 700 2920 -15.6 -26.8
-------
Table 10. (continued)
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Ascn 356 4 November 1971 1255 EST Ascn 357 5 November 1971 0540 EST Ascn 358 5 November 1971 1342 EST
F' ,mb Z, m T,DC Td,DC ~ D,deg S,mps F,mb ~ T, DC Td, DC ~ D,deg S,mps F,mb Z, m T, DC Td, DC H, m D,deg S,mps
1000 172 1000 234 1000 178
969 428 4.4 - 8.0 Sfc 250 8.2 976 428 - 3.3 - 3.3 Sfc 0.0 975 428 11.1 - 8.2 Sfc 140 2.1
950 589 3.1 - 8.0 150 261 13.2 967 502 0.6 - 3.5 150 214 3.4 950 644 8.9 - 8.6 150 182 3.3
900 1024 - 1.0 - 9.2 300 256 9.7 950 644 1.3 - 4.8 300 246 7.2 900 1087 4.1 -10.8 300 174 2.8
850 1476 - 5.1 -10.7 941 721 1.8 - 5.6 874 1324 1.6 -11.6
804 1910 - 9.3 -13.3 500 259 12.8 900 1079 - 1.0 - 8.5 500 187 2.0 852 1530 2.9 -12.6 500 176 1.9
800 1949 - 9.4 -13.9 1000 265 11.3 874 1312 - 2.8 -10.4 1000 256 7.7 850 1549 2.7 -12.4 1000 181 5.0
798 1968 - 9.5 -14.2 1500 282 12.6 859 1449 - 1. 5 -18.6 1500 261 11.3 813 1908 0.0 -10.6 1500 173 3.1
754 2405 -12.4 -16.5 850 1533 - 1. 9 -18.9 2000 261 14.0 800 2037 0.0 - 9.7 2000 186 3.7
750 2445 -12.1 -16.9 800 2014 - 3.9 -23.1 2500 289 8.6 750 2554 - 0.5 - 9.4 2500 241 5.4
728 2673 -11.4 -26.8 783 2183 - 4.6 -24.2 3000 300 12.6 738 2683 - 0.7 - 9.1 3000 250 8.3
700 2973 -13.4 -27.4 750 2522 - 5.0 -23.0 700 3104 - 2.3 -10.9
700 3063 - 5.9 -20.8
Ascn 359 6 November 1971 0540 EST Ascn 360 6 November 1971 1330 EST Ascn 361 9 November 1971 0540 EST
£...,mb ~ T, DC Td, DC ~ D,deg S,mps F,mb ~ T. 0c Td,-'C ~ D,deg S,mps F',mb Z, m T, DC Td, DC ~ D,deg S,mps
1000 202 1000 255 1000 226
973 428 5.6 - 4.8 Sfc 160 3.6 970 428 14.4 - 1.2 Sfc 200 8.3 975 428 - 4.0 - 8.9 Sfc 090 1.5
951 616 7.6 - 6.9 150 188 8.7 950 603 12.7 - 2.0 150 206 11.0 950 633 - 3.0 - 8.7 150 130 8.6
950 624 7.6 - 6.9 300 216 16.2 900 1053 8.0 - 4.5 300 217 8.6 938 734 - 2.5 - 8.6 300 147 11.1
900 1068 5.9 - 7.4 869 1341 5.1 - 5.6 900 1061 - 4.0 -12.2
868 1364 4.6 - 7.9 500 166 6.2 850 1521 4.0 - 7.5 500 203 9.7 894 1114 - 4.1 -12.5 500 113 6.2
850 1534 3.0 - 8.7 1000 228 17.3 815 1862 2.0 -10.5 1000 212 10.5 869 1337 - 6.3 -16.6 1000 167 8.4
814 1883 - 0.1 - 9.3 1500 244 17.0 800 2012 2.0 -10.2 1500 227 14.8 850 1510 - 5.4 -19.9 1500 261 3.8
802 2002 - 0.6 -11.1 2000 252 16.3 788 2134 2.1 -10.1 2000 228 24.5 827 1726 - 4.7 -24.9 2000 238 8.9
800 2022 - 0.3 -11.1 2500 234 14.6 753 2500 0.6 -16.8 2500 233 27.3 800 1987 - 4.7 -21.8
775 2276 0.5 -14.7 3000 233 14.5 750 2532 0.4 -15.2 3000 233 19.9 750 2495 - 4.7 -16.3
750 2539 - 0.4 -11.8 727 2781 0.6 - 7.9 738 2622 - 4.7 -15.2
700 3089 - 2.7 - 8.6 700 3083 - 1. 9 - 9.5 712 2905 - 3.5 -25.1
N 700 3039 - 4.5 -22.1
~
(]l
-------
N
~
0'1
Table 10. (continued)
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Ascn 362 9 November 1971 1330 EST Ascn 363 10 November 1971 0540 EST Ascn 364 11 November 1971 0540 EST
P,mb Z, m T, 0C Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb h..!!! T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb h..!!! T,oC Td,oC ~ D,deg 's,mps
1000 185 1000 168 1000 149
970 428 3.9 -10.9 Sfc 240 3.1 968 428 - 0.6 - 6.4 Sfc 250 5.2 966 428 1.7 - 1.4 Sfc 290 3.1
950 597 2.2 -11.4 150 241 3.5 950 578 - 1.5 - 5.0 950 562 0.8 - 1.6 150 309 5.7
900 1030 - 1. 5 -13.1 300 213 3.6 908 937 - 3.6 - 3.6 900 995 - 2.4 - 3.0 300 322 6.2
850 1482 - 5.4 -14.5 900 1007 - 3.6 - 3.6 881 1164 - 3.5 - 3.5
849 1491 - 5.4 -14.5 500 247 3.5 881 1176 - 3.6 - 3.6 862 1337 - 2.7 - 2.7 500 299 4.6
831 1660 - 3.6 -26.6 1000 201 3.1 850 1458 - 5.8 - 5.8 850 1448 - 3.7 - 3.7 1000 334 8.7
807 1892 - 3.7 -26.7 1500 251 6.1 827 1672 - 7.5 - 7.5 815 1778 - 6.9 - 6.9
800 1961 - 3.6 -10.7 803 1902 - 7.6 - 7.6 800 1923 - 7.4 -11.0
792 2040 - 3.4 - 3.7 800 1931 - 7.7 - 7.8 776 2160 - 8.4 -20.6
750 2470 - 6.0 - 8.5 776 2168 - 8.8 - 8.9 750 2425 - 8.6 -21.1
745 2522 - 6.3 - 9.1 752 2411 - 9.4 -16.8 741 2519 - 8.7 -21.8
700 3009 - 7.2 - 7.9 750 2432 - 9.5 -16.9 700 2958 -10.5 -22.5
700 2962 -13.2 -25.2
Ascn 365 12 November 1971 0540 EST Ascn 366 12 November 1971 1330 EST Ascn 367 13 November 1971 0535 EST
P,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps F,mb h..!!! T, °C Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps P,mb h..!!! T,oC Td,oC H, m D,deg S,mps
1000 144 1000 118 1000 90
965 428 1.1 - 1.0 Sfc 210 4.1 963 428 12.2 - 0.7 Sfc 250 7.2 960 428 8.9 6.0 Sfc 230 4.1
952 538 4.6 3.0 150 228 10.0 950 542 11.2 - 1. 2 150 242 7.8 950 515 8.8 1.5 150 265 8.1
950 555 4.7 3.1 300 243 12.7 900 989 6.8 - 3.2 300 242 7.3 922 762 8.2 2.7 300 275 12.4
921 808 4.8 3.3 872 1248 4.1 - 5.1 900 961 6.8 3.1
900 996 3.5 - 1. 5 500 218 7.2 850 1456 3.7 - 6.3 500 245 7.7 850 1429 3.2 2.3 500 251 6.0
881 1169 2.2 - 6.7 1000 280 13.7 808 1866 2.5 -10.1 1000 247 11.7 843 1496 2.9 2.5 1000 287 12.0
853 1430 2.4 - 9.9 1500 280 16.3 800 1947 2.9 -10.4 1500 270 17.4 800 1919 1.4 1.0 1500 278 10.0
850 1458 2.3 -10.3 2000 287 15.6 783 2121 3.3 -11.1 793 1990 1.3 0.9 2000 276 18.0
815 1797 0.5 -12.6 2500 288 22.1 750 2469 1.0 -13.9 750 2437 - 2.6 - 3.5
800 1946 1.1 -12.7 723 2763 - 0.9 -16.0 747 2468 - 2.9 - 3.9
788 2068 1.7 -12.9 700 3020 - 2.5 -12.9 733 2619 - 1.4 -13.3
752 2444 0.5 -12.2 700 2985 - 3.? -11.5
750 2466 0.1 -12.3
700 3014 - 4.4 -12.8
-------
Table 10. (continued)
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Ascn 368 15 November 1971 0540 EST Ascn 369 16 November 1971 0540 EST Ascn 370 16 November 1971 1330 EST
P,mb Z, m T, 0C Td, 0C ~ D,deg S,mps F,mb Z, m T,oC Td ,~-~ ~-~ Q..!i~..9. ?,mDS ~E- L-~ T,oC Td,oC ~ D,deg S,mps
1000 168 1000 192 1000 192
969 428 12.2 6.1 Sfc 0.0 972 428 6.7 5.4 Sfc 270 2.1 973 428 10.0 2.4 Sfc 330 1.5
950 594 11.9 7.1 150 245 6.5 950 616 6.1 4.8 150 314 5.2 950 626 8.4 2.2 150 332 5.2
900 1046 10.6 9.7 300 244 11.6 921 870 5.4 4.1 300 340 8.5 900 1071 4.7 1.6 300 335 5.8
895 1093 10.5 10.0 900 1058 4.0 3.1 850 1534 0.9 0.6
854 1485 10.3 10.4 500 248 3.5 854 1483 1.0 1.0 500 290 3.9 848 1553 0.6 0.3 500 331 3.9
850 1524 10.1 10.2 1000 258 18.7 850 1521 1.8 0.5 1000 351 11.3 816 1866 6.9 - 6.8 1000 337 5.5
805 1976 7.6 7.7 817 1843 6.0 -12.1 1500 341 13.0 800 2028 6.9 - 7.2
800 2027 7.0 7.0 800 2016 6.0 -14.2 765 2396 7.0 - 9.4
750 2554 2.2 2.1 755 2490 6.0 -14.7 750 2559 6.0 -10.3
744 2619 1.7 1.6 750 2544 5.6 -15.1 700 3121 3.0 -12.5
700 311 0 - 0.4 - 1.4 700 3105 2.6 -17.6
Ascn 371 17 November 1971 0540 EST Ascn 372 17 November 1971 1445 EST
F,mb Z, m T,oC Td,oC ~ D,deg S,mps F,mb h.E! T,oC Td,~C !:G-..!!! h~.9. i,nms
1000 200 1000 181
972 428 1.7 1.7 Sfc 090 1.5 971 428 16.1 2.2 Sfc 270 1.0
954 580 6.6 6.6 150 123 4.1 950 613 13.9 1.2 150 275 2.0
950 615 6.6 6.5 300 138 4.2 908 991 9.7 0.6 300 269 2.5
911 959 5.4 2.6 900 1065 10.1 - 0.4
900 1059 8.1 1.1 500 110 3.4 874 1309 11.4 - 8.0 500 276 1.6
886 1189 11 .1 - 3.8 1000 068 2.6 850 1541 10.1 - 8.1 1000 225 3.3
850 1535 11.2 - 5.3 1500 325 6.2 800 2042 7.2 - 9.2 1500 243 5.0
847 1564 11.3 - 5.7 2000 005 4.0 761 2452 5.0 - 9.6 2000 261 7.5
800 2039 8.3 - 7.0 2500 013 3.6 750 2571 4.0 - 7.8 2500 262 9.4
785 2195 7.? - 7.6 3000 332 3.6 736 2724 2.8 - 5.8 3000 270 10.3
750 2568 4.!; - 6.7 700 31?8 0.9 -19.0
700 3127 0.3 - 6.6
N
.j::o
"-J
-------
POWER PLANT OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS
Analyses of the Conemaugh and Keystone coal supplies are presented in Table 11
Although various mines supplied coal to each of the generating stations, daily
weighted means were calculated for each source and averaged over all experiment
days to obtain a single coal analysis for each station per series. Parameters
include moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash, sulfur, and heat value. The
sulfur content is a close approximation to the "as burned" basis with allowance
made for rejection of sulfur-containing pyrites. The heat value of the coal is
presented in English as well as metric units because of common usage.
Table 11.
COAL ANALYSES
Conemaugh Station Conemaugh Station
April 1971 Series October 1971 Series
Moisture, % 4.29 fvJoisture, % 4.29
Volatile matter, % 19.73 Volatile matter, % 20.63
Fixed carbon, % 54.93 Fixed carbon, % 54.93
Ash, % 18.26 Ash, % 17.81
Sulfur, % 2.79 Sulfur, % 2.34
Btu per pound 12,258 Btu per pound 12,363
Calories per gram 6,810 Calories per gram 6,868
Keystone Station
October 1971 Series
Moisture, % 6.47
Volatile matter, % 30.15
Fixed carbon, % 46.35
Ash, % 15.27
Sulfur, % 1. 76
Btu per pound 11,805
Calories per gram 6,558
Table 12 contains the hourly operational
Stations. Included are values of plant load,
;ty, temperature difference at stack tQ~, S02
data of the Conemaugh and Keystone
stack-gas exit temperature and veloc-
emission, and heat emission. The
240
-------
nominal period of record extends up to 2 hours before and 1 hour after helicopter
or bubbler S02 measurements on each series day. When both stacks of one station
were emitting. a separate listing is included for each.
The plant load was obtained from the station records and includes total elec-
trical output generated during each hour. Temperature difference at stack top is
the difference between stack exit temperature and the 300-meter SBE ambient temper-
ature at the Conemaugh Station. or the 250-meter SBE ambient temperature at the
Keystone Station. as determined from the helicopter profiles. The stack exit
temperature was not monitored; instead. corrections of 16.7°C (30°F) at Conemaugh
and 13.9°C (25°F) at Keystone were subtracted from the effluent temperatures leaving
the air heaters.
The equations presented below permit calculation of the remaining three param-
eters (Carpenter and Blackwell. 1969). The units of the formulas are British be-
cause all plant data were so supplied; after calculations were performed, conver-
sion was made to metric units.
The hourly stack-gas exit velocity in feet per second was calculated from the
following equation:
v - Tc [H20(359) + C02(359) + N2(359) + S02p59~ + Ae(359)] ts + 460
- 3600 As (-rB) (~) (~) 64 (:29) 32 + 460
where Tc = hourly coal consumption in pounds per hour per unit.
As = stack exit area = 581.42 square feet for Conemaugh and Keystone.
ts = hourly gas temperature leaving stack in degrees Fahrenheit.
32 = standard temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
460 = conversion to Rankine temperature scale.
3600 seconds per hour.
H20. C02, N2. and 502 - series average in pounds per pound of coal as pro-
ducts of combustion.
Ae = series average excess air in pounds per pound of coal required for
combustion.
Denominators in parentheses are molecular weights of respective gaseous
constituents in whole grams per mole.
359 conversion factor to British units calculated as follows:
22.414 l~ters/mole 453 59 /lb = 359
28.317 1,ters/ftJ x . g
Hourly 502 emission from each unit in tons per hour was calculated by means of
this formula:
SO = Tc x %S x 2
2 2000
249
-------
Tc = hourly coal consumption in pounds per hour per unit.
%S = decimal equivalent of series average percent sulfur in fuel.
2 - mass of S02 per unit mass of sulfur.
2000 = pounds per ton.
The final parameter, stack heat emission in British thermal units per second,
was computed from the following equation:
wnere
where Tc
% DG
HV
ts
tg
ta
Qh
3T60CO x % DG x HV x (t~ - ~n~
(tg - a
hourly coal consumption in pounds per hour per unit.
= decimal equivalent of hourly percent dry gas loss.
series average heat value of fuel in Btu's per pound.
hourly gas temperature leaving stack in degrees Fahrenheit.
hourly gas temperature leaving air heaters in degrees Fahrenheit.
hourly ambient temperature at stack top in degrees Fahrenheit.
Although hourly coal consumption is not included in this volume, it can be
approximated for the Conemaugh Station using the ratios of 0.734 and 0.746 pounds
of coal per kilowatt hour generated in units 1 and 2 respectively. This amounts
to 3.87 x 10-4 and 3.93 x 10-4 grams per calorie for units 1 and 2. The corre-
sponding ratio for unit 1 at the Keystone Station is 0.757 pounds of coal per
kilowatt hour or 3.99 x 10-4 grams per calorie.
Unit 1 or 2
Time, EST
Load, mw
T, °C
DT, 0 C
Vel, mps
S02' g/sec
Cal/sec x 106
250
Table 12.
PLANT OPERATIONAL DATA
Legend
Designation of unit in operation.
Hour designating preceding 60 minutes.
Total hourly generation in whole megawatts.
Stack-gas exit temperature in whole degrees Centigrade.
Difference in whole degrees Centigrade between computed stack-gas
exit temperature and ambient temperature at 300 meters above
stack base elevation at Conemaugh or 250 meters above stack base
elevation at Keystone, as determined from helicopter profiles.
Stack-gas exit velocity in meters per second to nearest tenth.
Stack S02 emission in whole grams per second.
Stack heat emission in millions of calories per second to nearest
tenth.
-------
Table 12.
PLANT OPERATIONAL DATA
Conemaugh Unit 1
21 Apri 1 1971
Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02, Cal/sec
EST ~ ~ ~ mps g/sec x 106
0400
0500
0600 855
0700 859
0800 892
0900 891
1000 891
11 00 897
1200 892
1300 894
1400 897
1500 895
1600
1700
122 110 20.4 4418 25.1
122 110 20.5 4439 25.2
126 114 21.5 4609 26.6
128 116 21.6 4604 26.7
130 118 21.7 4604 26.8
131 119 21.8 4635 27.1
129 119 21.7 4609 26.8
129 118 21.7 4619 26.9
129 119 21.8 4635 27 1
129 119 21.8 4625 27.0
Conemaugh Unit 2 22 April 1971
Conemaugh Unit 2 21 April 1971
Time, Load, T, OT,
EST mw °C °C
----
0400
0500
0600 516 103
0700 526 98
0800 531 106
0900 531 108
1000 541 111
11 00 538 111
1200 540 11 0
1300 539 109
1400 535 109
1500 534 109
1600
1700
Conemaugh Unit 1
Vel, S02' Ca1/sec
mps g/sec x 106
91 11 .5
86 11. 6
94 11.9
96 12.0
99 12. 3
99 12 . 2
99 12 . 3
99 12. 3
99 12.2
98 12.1
2623 12.2
2674 11.8
2699 12.7
2699 12.8
2750 13.0
2734 13.0
2745 13.0
2740 13 . 0
2719 13.0
2714 12.9
23 April 1971
Conemaugh Unit 1 22 April 1971
Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02, Cal/sec
EST ~ ~ ~ ~ ysec x 106
0400
0500
0600 259
0700 381
0800 434
0900 662
1000 874
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
84 83
91 90
94 93
108 106
119 118
5.6 1336 5.2
8.4 1966 8. 3
9.6 2239 10.0
15.2 3416 17 . 5
20.7 4510 25.9
Conemaugh Unit 2 23 April 1971
Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02, Ca1/sec Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, 502, Ca1/sec Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02' Ca1/sec
EST mw °C °C mps g/sec x 106 EST mw °C °C mps g/sec x 106 EST mw °C °C mps g/sec x 106
-- - - -- - - -- - - -
0400 0400 0400
0500 0500 0500
0600 536 100 99 11.9 2739 13.0 0600 851 116 112 20.0 4403 24.9 0600 528 98 94 11.7 2710 12.8
0700 536 100 99 11.9 2739 13.0 0700 871 117 113 20.5 4507 25.8 0700 524 97 94 11.6 2689 12.6
0800 533 100 99 11. 9 2724 13.0 0800 892 121 116 21.2 4615 26.8 0800 526 101 96 11.8 2699 12.8
0900 531 101 99 11.9 2714 12.9 0900 893 123 119 21.4 4620 26.9 0900 530 103 99 11. 9 2720 13.0
1000 525 101 99 11.7 2683 12.8 1000 888 126 120 21.4 4595 26.8 1000 527 106 100 12.0 2705 12.9
1100 1100 891 127 120 21.6 4610 26.9 1100 531 107 100 12.1 2725 13.0
1200 1200 866 127 119 20.9 4481 25.8 1200 526 108 100 12.0 2699 12.8
1300 1300 861 128 118 20.9 4455 25.6 1300 529 109 100 12.1 2715 12.9
1400 1400 844 127 116 20.4 4367 24.8 1400 523 109 99 12.0 2684 12.6
1500 1500 833 127 116 20.2 4310 24.3 1500 526 111 99 12.1 2699 12.8
N 1600 1600 1600
01 1700 1700 1700
-'
-------
N
UI
N
Table 12. (continued) PLANT OPERATIONAL DATA
Conemauqh Uni t 1
24 Apri 1 1971
Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02, Cal/sec
EST ~ :f:f ~ g/sec x 106
0400
0500
0600 881
0700 881
0800 886
0900 882
1000 884
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
118 111
118 111
122 115
126 118
124 118
20.5 4484 25.7
20.5 4484 25.7
20.8 4509 26.1
20.9 4489 26.0
20.9 4499 26.0
Conemaugh Unit 2 26 April 1971
Time, Load, T, OT,
EST mw °C °C
-----
0400
0500 524 101
0600 526 101
0700 528 102
0800 526 103
0900 529 104
1000 522 103
1100 523 103
1200 527 104
1300 526 104
1400
1500
1600
1700
Vel, S02, Cal/sec
mps g/sec x 106
95 11.5 2645 12.4
95 11.6 2655 12.5
96 11.7 2665 12.6
98 11.7 2655 12.6
98 11.8 2670 12.6
98 11.6 2635 12.4
98 11.6 2640 12.4
99 11.7 2660 12.6
99 11.7 2655 12.6
Conemaugh Unit 2 24 April 1971
Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02' Cal/sec
EST ~ :f:f ~ g/sec x 106
0400
0500
0600 523 98
0700 531 98
0800 528 102
0900 526 106
1000 524 104
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
Conemaugh Unit 1
91 11.5 2662 12.4
92 11.7 2703 12.7
95 11.8 2687 12.6
9911.92677 12.7
98 11.8 2667 12.5
28 Apri 1 1971
Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02, Cal/sec
EST ~ :f:f ~ g/sec x 106
0400
0500 921
0600 918
0700 925
0800 920
0900 927
1000 927
11 00 924
1200 927
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
127 119
127 119
128 120
128 119
129 120
129 119
128 119
129 119
22.2 474(i 28.0
22.1 4730 27.9
22.3 4767 28.3
22.2 4741 28.0
22.4 4777 28.3
22.4 4777 28.3
22.3 4761 28.1
22.4 4777 28.3
Conemaugh Unit 1 26 April 1971
Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02, Cal/sec
EST ~ :f:f ~ g/sec x 106
0400
0500 911
0600 923
0700 931
0800 928
0900 921
1000 924
11 00 923
1200 928
1300 927
1400
1500
1600
1700
122 116 21.8
123 117 22.1
124 119 22.4
126 120 22.4
126 120 22.3
126 120 22.3
126 120 22.3
127 121 22.4
127 121 22.4
4720 27.6
4782 28.1
4824 28.6
4808 28.5
4772 28.1
4787 28.3
4782 28.2
4808 28.6
4803 28.5
Conemaugh Unit 2 28 April 1971
Time, Load, T, OT,
EST mw °C °C
----
0400
0500 527 106
0600 529 106
0700 531 106
0800 526 106
0900 530 107
1000 539 107
1100 538 107
1200 535 109
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
Vel, S02, Cal/sec
mps g/sec x 106
97 11.8
97 11.9
98 11. 9
97 11.9
98 11.9
98 12.1
98 12 . 1
98 12 . 1
2675 12.6
2685 12.7
2695 12.8
2670 12.6
2690 12.8
2736 13.0
2731 13.0
2715 12.9
-------
Table 12. (continued) PLANT OPERATIONAL DATA
Conemaugh Unit 1 29 Apri 1 1971 Conemaugh Unit 2 29 Apri 1 1971 Conemaugh Unit 1 4 May 1971
Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, 502, Cal/see Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, 502, Cal/see Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, 502, Cal/see
EST mw ac ac mps g/see x 106 EST mw ac aC mps g/see x 106 EST mw ac aC mps g/see x 106
---- ---- ----
0400 0400 0400
0500 915 125 120 21.8 4696 27.7 0500 848 121 116 19.5 4233 24.1 0500 917 120 119 21.7 4725 27.9
0600 913 124 119 21.8 4685 27.5 0600 846 121 116 19.5 4223 24.0 0600 919 120 119 21.8 4736 28.0
0700 914 124 119 21.8 4691 27.5 0700 847 121 116 19.4 4228 24.0 0700 923 121 120 21.9 4756 28.1
0800 917 124 120 21.8 4706 27.8 0800 848 121 116 19.5 4233 24.1 0800 913 122 119 21.7 4705 27.6
0900 912 124 120 21.7 4680 27.5 0900 852 121 116 19.6 4253 24.2 0900 902 123 119 21. 5 4648 27.2
1000 914 124 120 21.8 4691 27.5 1000 848 121 117 19.5 4233 24.1 1000 892 126 120 21.4 4596 26.8
1100 915 125 120 21.8 4696 27.7 1100 847 121 116 19.5 4228 24.0 1100 917 131 124 22.3 4725 28.0
1200 906 125 120 21.6 4650 27.4 1200 847 122 117 19.5 4228 24.1 1200 921 131 124 22.4 4746 28.1
1300 892 124 119 21.2 4578 26.7 1300 853 122 117 19.7 4258 24.3 1300 915 132 124 22.3 4715 27.9
1400 1400 1400 919 133 124 22.5 4736 28.1
1500 1500 1500
1600 1600 1600
1700 1700 1700
Conemaugh Unit 1 5 May 1971 Conemaugh Unit 1 7 May 1971 Conemaugh Unit 1 10 May 1971
Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, 502, Cal/see Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, 502, Cal/see Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, 502, Cal/see
EST mw aC aC mps g/see x 106 EST mw ac aC ~ g/see x 106 EST mw aC aC !!!E.?. g/see x 106
---- ---- ----
0400 0400 0400
0500 931 127 118 22.3 4758 28.1 0500 0500 534 102 85 12.5 2868 13.3
0600 930 127 118 22.2 4753 28.1 0600 930 126 114 22.4 4805 28.3 0600 635 108 91 15.2 3411 17.0
0700 915 128 118 21.9 4676 27.5 0700 931 126 114 22.4 4811 28.3 0700 827 120 101 20.4 4442 24.5
0800 929 131 119 22.4 4748 28.1 0800 919 127 115 22.2 4749 27.9 0800 885 126 105 22.2 4753 27.2
0900 932 134 120 22.7 4763 28.3 0900 918 129 117 22.3 4743 28.0 0900 909 130 106 23.0 4882 28.1
1000 916 136 121 22.4 4681 27.7 1000 912 132 118 22.3 4712 27.6 1000 908 134 106 23.2 4877 28.1
1100 921 136 122 22.6 4707 27.9 1100 917 135 120 22.6 4738 28.0 1100
1200 917 138 123 22.5 4687 27.7 1200 913 136 120 22.5 4718 27.7 1200
1300 1300 918 137 120 22.7 4743 28.1 1300
1400 1400 919 138 121 22.8 4749 28.1 1400
1500 1500 1500
1600 1600 1600
N 1700 1700 1700
U1
w
-------
N
U1
-I'>
Table 12. (continued) PLANT OPERATIONAL DATA
Conemaugh Unit 1 11 May 1971
Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, 502, Cal/sge
EST ~ ~ ~ mps g/see ~
0400
0500 744 115 101
0600 804 119 105
0700 816 123 109
0800 810 126 110
0900 822 131 113
1000 825 133 115
1100 831 134 115
1200 879 138 118
1300 918 141 120
1400
1500
1600
1700
17.6388120.6
19.2 4194 23.1
19.7 4256 23.7
19.7 4225 23.4
20.2 4288 24.0
20.4 4303 24.2
20.7 4335 24.4
22.0 4585 26.5
23.2 4789 28.3
Conemaugh Unit 1 15 May 1971
Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, 502, Cal/see
EST ~ ~ ~ mps g/see x 106
0400
0500 914
0600 911
0700 913
0800 912
0900 912
1000 914
11 00 912
1200 905
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
124 110 20.5 4427 25.7
124 110 20.5 4413 25.7
126 112 20.6 4422 25.7
131 115 20.8 4417 25.8
134 118 21.0 4417 25.8
136 119 21.2 4427 26.0
138 120 21.2 4417 25.9
139 120 21.2 4384 25.7
Conemaugh Unit 1 14 May 1971
Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, 502, Cal/see
EST ~ ~ ~ ~ g/see x 106
0400
0500 894 122 116
0600 898 123 117
0700 912 126 118
0800 914 128 119
0900 911 130 120
1000 837 127 116
1100 749 123 111
1200 746 124 111
1300 834 130 115
1400 904 1 34 119
1500
1600
1700
Conemaugh Unit 2
Time, Load, T, DT,
EST mw °C °C
----
0400'
0500 558 104
0600 564 104
0700 559 107
0800 555 111
0900 551 114
1000 550 116
1100 545 118
1200 539 119
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
19.7 4261 24.7
19.8 4280 25.0
20.2 4347 25.5
20.4 4356 25.6
20.5 4342 25.5
18.7 3989 22.6
16.6 3570 19.3
16.5 3556 19.2
18.7 3975 22.3
20.5 4309 25.2
1 5 May 1 971
Vel, 502, Cal/see
~ g/see x 106
90 13.0 2954 14.1
90 13.2 2986 14.2
93 13.1 2959 14.2
96 13.2 2938 14.1
98 13.2 2917 14.0
99 13.2 2911 14.0
100 13.2 2885 13 . 8
99 13.1 2853 13.6
Conemaugh Unit 2 14 May 1971
Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, 502, Cal/see
EST ~ ~ ~ ~ g/see x 106
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000 5 81
1100 149 96
1200 343 102
1300 523 113
1400 530 114
1500
1600
1700
69 0.1
83 3.3
88 7.7
98 12.1
99 12.3
26 0.1
765 2.8
1760 7.4
2684 12.6
2720 13.0
Conemaugh Unit 1 17 May 1971
Time, Load, T, DT,
EST mw °C °C
----
0400
0500 875 123
0600 879 123
0700 854 124
0800 882 128
0900917133
1000 917 135
11 00 900 136
1200 908 137
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
Vel, 502, Cal/see
mps g/see x 106
113 21.6
113 21.7
113 21.2
116 22.1
120 23.3
120 23.3
120 22.9
120 23.3
4675 26.9
4696 27.0
4563 25.8
4712 27.2
4899 28.9
4899 28.9
4809 28.1
4851 28.5
-------
Table 12. (continued) PLANT OPERATIONAL DATA
Conemaugh Unit 1 19 May 1971
Time, Load,T, DT,
EST mw °C °C
---
0400
0500 895 131
0600 875 129
0700 897 132
0800 901 136
0900 29 91
1000 00 00
1100 00 00
1200 00 00
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
Vel, S02, Ca1/see
mps g/sec x 106
108 22.2 4706 27.1
107 21.7 4601 26.3
110 22.3 4717 27.3
114 22.6 4738 27.5
68 0.6 152 0.5
00 0.0 000 0.0
00 0.0 000 0.0
00 0.0 000 0.0
Conemaugh Unit 2 19 October 1971
Time, Load, T, DT,
EST mw °C °C
----
N
t.T1
t.T1
0400
0500
0600 886
0700 896
0800 886
0900 883
1000 879
11 00 889
1200 884
1300 881
1400 876
1500 733
1600
1700'
Vel, S02, Ca1/see
mps g/see x 106
124 108 22.2
126 109 22.5
127 109 22.2
128 110 22.4
132 113 22.4
138 117 23.2
140 118 23.0
141 118 23.1
142 118 22.9
134 109 18. 8
3968 27.3
4012 27.9
3968 27.6
3954 27.2
3936 27.2
3981 27.8
3959 27.5
3945 27.4
3923 27.2
3282 21.0
Conemaugh Unit 1 20 May 1971
Time, Load, T, DT,
EST mw °C °C
----
0400
0500 876
0600 879
0700 890
0800 878
0900 906
1000 899
11 00 891
1200 898
1300 902
1400 906
1500
1600
1700
129 111
129 111
148 114
134 116
138 120
139 120
139 119
140 11 9
141 118
142 11 9
Vel, S02, Cal/see
mps g/see x 106
22.3 4736 27.2
22.3 4752 27.3
22.8 4811 27.8
22.6 4747 27.4
23.5 4898 28.7
23.4 4860 28.4
23.2 4817 28.0
23.4 4855 28.4
23.6 4876 28.5
23.8 4898 28.7
Conemaugh Unit 2 20 October 1971
Time, Load, T, DT,
EST mw °C °C
----
0400
0500
0600 4.69 107
0700 462 107
0800 463 107
0900 447 108
1000 464 11 0
1100470111
1200 475 113
1300 732 128
1400
1500
1600
1700
Vel, 502, Cal/see
~ g/see x 106
95 11.0
94 1 0 . 9
94 10. 9
94 1 0 . 6
95 11.0
95 11.2
96 11.4
110 18.3
2067 11.3
2036 11. 1
2041 11.1
1970 10.6
2045 11.2
2071 11.3
2093 11.4
3226 20.7
Conemaugh Unit 2
18 October 1971
Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, S02, Cal/see
EST ~ ~ ~ mps g/see x 106
0400
0500
0600 861
0700 853
0800 860
0900 887
1000 897
11 00 900
1200 895
1300 892
1400
1500
1600
1700
128 115 21.8 3846 26.4
144 115 21.6 3810 21.6
128 116 21.7 3841 26.4
131 119 22.5 3962 27.7
133 119 23.0 4006 28.1
134 119 23.0 4020 28.2
135 119 22.9 3997 28.1
135 119 22.8 3984 27.8
Conemaugh Unit 2 21 October 1971
Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, 502, Cal/see
EST mw - ~ ~ ~ g/see x 106
0400
0500
0600 885
0700 885
0800 884
0900 883
1000 888
11 00 880
1200 882
1300 885
1400
1500
1600
1700
128 115 22.5
129 115 22.5
129 115 22.5
131 116 22.6
134 119 22.9
136 118 22 .9
137 118 22.9
138 119 23.2
3984 27.7
3984 27.8
3979 27.6
3975 27.6
3997 27.9
3961 27.5
3971 27.6
3984 27.8
-------
N
Ul
01
Table 12. (continued) PLANT OPERATIONAL DATA
Conemaugh Unit 2
22 October 1971
Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, S02, Cal/see
-1_ST ~ ~ ~ ~ g/see x 106
0400
0500
0600 879
0700 882
0800 885
0900 884
1000 881
11 00 882
1200 881
1300 854
1400
1500
1600
1700
133 117 22.7 3962 27.6
133 117 22.8 3976 27.6
134 118 22.8 3989 27.9
134 118 22.8 3985 27.7
13511822.7397127.6
136 118 23.0 3976 27.6
138 118 22.9 3971 27.7
137 116 22.2 3850 26.3
Conemaugh Unit 2 4 November 1971
Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, S02, Cal/see
_EST mw - ~ ~'2 ~ g/see x 106
Conemaugh Unit 2 2 November 1971
Time, Load, T, DT,
EST mw °C °C
Vel, S02' Cal/see
~ g/see x 106
----
0400
0500
0600 761
0700 704
0800 638
0900 556
1000 503
11 00 527
1200 523
1300 534
1400 551
1500
1600
1700
133 110 20.6
130 107 18.9
127 104 17.0
123 100 14.6
122 98 13.2
122 98 13.9
122 98 13.8
123 99 14.0
124 99 14.5
Conemaugh Unit 2
3587 23.4
3319 24.2
3008 18.3
2621 15.1
2371 13.5
2484 14.1
2465 13 . 9
2517 14.4
2597 15.0
5 November 1971
Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, S02, Cal/see
EST ~ :I ~ ~ g/see x 106
Conemaugh Unit 2
3 November 1971
Time, Load, T, DT,
EST mw °C °C
Vel, S02' Cal/see
~ g/see x 106
----
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800 694
0900 609
1000 631
11 00 629
1200 635
1300 638
1400 659
1500 697
1600
1700
118 108 17.1
113 103 14.8
11510415.4
11 3 1 02 1 5 . 3
116 104 1 5. 5
11 7 1 04 1 5. 7
118 1 06 16 . 3
121 108 17.3
3108 19.5
2727 16.3
2826 17.1
2817 16.7
2844 17.3
2857 17.4
2951 18.2
3121 19.6
Conemaugh Unit 2 6 November 1971
Time, Load, T, DT, Vel, S02, Cal/see
EST ~ ~ ~ ~ g/see x 106
0400 0400 0400
0500 0500 0500
0600 745 113 110 18.1 3332 21.5 0600 764 111 106 17.7 3286 21.3 0600 783 118 108 18.6 3382 22.1
0700 752 113 110 18.2 3363 25.1 0700 779 111 106 18.2 3351 21.8 0700 787 118 108 18.7 3399 22.4
0800 748 113 110 18.1 3345 21.6 0800 623 104 99 14.2 2680 16.0 0800 788 117 108 18.8 3403 22.4
0900 747 113 110 18.1 3341 21.6 0900 599 104 98 13.7 2576 15.2 0900 785 119 109 18.7 3390 22.3
1000 746 114 110 18.2 3336 21. 5 1000 750 114 108 17.6 3226 20.8 1000 783 121 109 18.7 3382 22.2
11 00 743 114 109 18.1 3323 21 ,4 1100 786 119 111 18.7 3381 22.3 1100 790 123 110 19.0 3412 22.5
1200 748 115 110 18.3 3345 21. 6 1200 774 121 111 18.4 3329 21.8 1200 791 126 111 19.2 3416 22.6
1300 719 114 108 17.5 3216 20.5 1300 780 124 112 18.7 3355 22.1 1300 780 127 110 19.1 3369 22.1
1400 663 111 105 16.1 2965 21.1 1400 759 125 111 18.3 3265 21. 3 1400 787 130 111 19.4 3399 22.5
1500 1500 780 128 112 19.0 3355 22.1 1500 779 131 110 19.2 3364 22.1
1600 1600 1600
1700 1700 1700
-------
Table 12. (continued) PLANT OPERATIONAL DATA
Conemaugh Unit 2 9 November 1971
Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02, Cal/sec
EST ~ ~ ~ ~ g/sec x 106
0400
0500
0600 793 109
0700 774 108
0800 787 111
0900 792 113
1000 801 11 6
1100 822 118
1200 820 119
1300 809 120
1400 810 121
1500
1600
1700
Keys tone Un it 1
Conemaugh Unit 2
12 November 1971
Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02, Cal/see
EST ~ DC DC ~ g/see x 106
0400
0500
0600 883 122
0700 902 123
0800 893 124
0900 896 127
1000 895 129
11 00 891 130
1200 890 131
1300 886 132
1400 894 133
1500 888 134
1600
1700
119 19.0 3532 23.3
108 18.5 3448 22.5
111 19.0 3506 23.2
112 19.1 3528 23.4
114 19.5 3568 23.8
115 20.2 3662 24.7
114 20.2 3653 24.6
114 20.0 3604 24.1
114 20.0 3608 24.1
16 November 1971
113 22.3
114 22.8
115 22.7
118 23.0
118 23.0
118 23.0
118 23.0
118 22 .9
118 23.2
118 23.1
4006 27.7
4092 28.5
4052 28.2
4065 28.5
4061 28.5
4043 28.2
4038 28.2
4020 28.0
4056 28.3
4029 28.1
Conemaugh Unit 2 17 November 1971
Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02, Cal/see
EST ~ ~ ~ mps g/see x 106
Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02' Cal/see
EST ~ ~ ~ mps g/see ~
0400 0400
0500 0500
0600 0600 816 114 104 20.3 3722 24.7
0700 0700 801 114 104 19.9 3653 24.0
0800 860 128 118 22.4 2948 25.9 0800 803 115 106 20.0 3662 24.1
0900 875 130 119 23.0 2999 26.6 0900 821 118 109 20.6 3744 25.1
1000 876 131 120 23.0 3003 26.6 1000 816 119 110 20.6 3722 24.9
1100 868 131 119 22.8 2975 26.3 1100 845 124 113 21.5 3854 26.3
1200 874 131 119 23.0 2996 26.4 1200 818 125 113 20.9 3731 25.1
1300 866 132 119 22.7 2968 26.2 1300 840 129 115 21.7 3831 26.0
1400 1400 822 131 114 21.3 3749 25.2
1500 1500 837 132 115 21.7 3817 26.0
1600 1600 839 133 115 21.9 3826 26.0
N 1700 1700 839 133 115 21.9 3826 26.0
U1
'-I
Conemaugh Unit 2 13 November 1971
Time, Load, T, OT,
EST mw DC DC
----
0400
0500
0600 893 131
0700 894 131
0800 888 130
0900 814 126
1000 834 127
11 00 829 128
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
Conemaugh Unit 2
Vel, S02, Cal/see
~ g/see x 106
118 22.7
118 22.7
118 22.6
114 20.4
115 21.1
115 21.0
3988 27.8
3993 27.9
3966 2]..7
3636 24.3
3725 25.2
3703 25.1
17 Nov 1971 (continued)
Time, Load, T, OT, Vel, S02, Cal/see
EST ~ ~ ~ ~ g/see x 106
1800 836 132 115 21.7 3813 26.0
1900 834 130 115 21.7 3804 25.7
2000 839 129 115 21.7 3826 26.0
2100 835 128 115 21.5 3808 25.9
-------
PART 3 - LAPPES PROJECT SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Part 3 presents a summary of activities performed during the five-year LAPPES
Project in western Pennsylvania. The three major divisions of effort consisted uf:
(1) procurement by LAPPES personnel of airborne and ground-based S02 measurements
of tall stack plumes, supported by extensive meteorological observations; (2) con-
tract and voluntary participation by private research organizations; (3) evaluation
of effects of sulfur compounds and other effluents from a large generating station
complex on vegetation in the adjoining region.
The specialized air quality and meteorological measurements by LAPPES personnel
were obtained during the following eleven sampling periods:
October 1967 LAPPES series
March 1968 LAPPES series
May 1968 LAPPES series
July 1968 LAPPES series
October 1968 LAPPES series
April 1969 LAPPES series
October 1969 LAPPES series
April 1970 LAPPES series
October 1970 LAPPES series
April 1971 LAPPES series
October 1971 LAPPES series
13- 31 October 1967
: 14 March 12 April 1968
: 5 May - 1 June 1968
: 25 June 23 July 1968
15 October - 7 November 1968
: 8 April 10 May 1969
: 9 October - 7 November 1969
20 April - 15 May 1970
: 14 October - 16 November 1970
: 21 April 20 May 1971
18 October 17 November 1971
Most of the participation by private research organizations in the Large Power
Plant Effluent Study was performed under contract to the Division of Meteorology,
Environmental Protection Agency, or its predecessor, the National Air Pollution
Control Administration. In Part 3, activities of the contractors and voluntary
participants are described, accompanied by individual bibliographies which summarize
publications and presentations referring to their participation in the LAPPES
Project.
The third major division of LAPPES, the vegetative study, lasted from 1967
through 1971. Descriptions of the various types of air quality and agricultural
measurements collected as part of the vegetative study are also included in Part 3.
259
-------
LAPPES SERIES SUMMARY
Table 13 contains an individual summary for each of the eleven series conducted
during the LAPPES Project. Included in each series summary are designations of the
source generating station and unit(s) in operation while plume sampling was in pro-
gress. In addition, daily totals are presented of the various types of S02 and
meteorological measurements which were obtained.
Identification of the source generating station is included only for days on
which plume S02 measurements were procured by LAPPES personnel. Additional dates
are listed in Table 13 for which daily totals of helicopter temperature profiles,
pilot balloons, and/or radiosondes are presented; these meteorological data were
obtained by LAPPES personnel either in support of participating contractor activi-
ties or on days when the weather later proved too restrictive. for plume sampling.
260
-------
Date
Keystone
1 2 1 &2
Cross Sections
Peak GLC
Instan. GLC
Bubbler GLC
Temp Profil es
Pilot Balloons
Radiosondes
Series Summary
Table 13.
LAPPES SERIES SUMMARY
Legend
Date of LAPPES series activities.
Identification of source generating station and operating unit(s)
from which sampled plume was emitted. designated by X in appro-
priate column. Same identification method for Homer City and
Conemaugh Stations.
Number of plume cross sections obtained.
X indicates measurement of peak ground-level S02 concentrations
by helicopter during lengthwise flights under plume.
X indicates measurement of instantaneous ground-level S02 concen-
trations by helicopter during crosswind flights under plume.
Number of portable bubblers set out under the plume and subse-
quently analyzed for 30-minute ground-level S02 concentrations.
Number of helicopter temperature profiles obtained.
Number of pilot balloon releases.
Number of radiosonde releases.
1. Total number of series days during which plume S02 measure-
ments were procured. identified by source generating station
and operating unit(s).
2. Total number of plume cross
3. Total number of series days
ured.
4. Total number of series days during which instantaneous GLC
were measured.
sections obtained during series.
during which peak GLC were meas-
5.
Total number of portable S02 bubblers set out under plume
during series.
Total number of helicopter temperature profiles obtained
during series.
Total number of
Total number of
6.
7.
8.
pilot balloon releases during series.
radiosonde releases during series.
261
-------
N
0)
N
Table 13. SUMMARY OF LAPPES PROJECT
October 1967 LAPPES Series
Keys tone Homer City Conemaugh Cross Peak Instan. Bubb 1 er Temp Pil ot Radio-
Date 1 2 1&2 1 2 1&2 1 2 1 &2 Sections GLC GLC GLC Profiles Balloons sondes
Oct 13 3
Oc t 1 6 2
Uct 17 X 2 2
Oct 20 X 3 X 7 2 6 1
Oct 21 X 3 X X 6 2 6 2
Oct 22 X X 6 3 6 2
Oct 23 X 3 X 6 4 8 2
Oct 24 X 3 X 6 4 8 2
Uct 25 1
Uct 26 X 2 X 5 3 6 1
Oct 27 X 3 X 7 3 7 2
Oct 28 X 3 X 7 3 6 2
Oct 29 X 4 X 7 3 6 2
Oct 30 X 3 X 6 4 7 1
Oct 31 X 4 X X 6 5 8 2
Series
Summary 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 11 2 69 43 74 21
-------
Table 13. (continued) SUMMARY OF LAP PES PROJECT
March 1968 LAPPES Series
Keystone Homer City Conemaugh Cross Peak Instan. Bubbler Temp Pil ot Radio-
Date 1 2 1&2 1 2 1&2 1 2 1&2 Sections GLC GLC GLC Profiles Balloons sondes
Mar 14 X 2 X 4 4 1
Mar 15 X 4 X 8 3 7 2
Mar 16 X 3 X 8 2 3 2
Mar 18 X 4 X X 8 4 8 2
Mar 19 X 4 X X 4 5 2
I'jar 20 X 3 X 8 2 2 2
I'lar 23 1
Mar 25 X 4 X X 8 4 7 2
Mar 26 X 3 X X 8 5 6 1
Mar 27 X 3 X X 8 3 7 2
Mar 28 X 3 X X 8 3 5 2
f~ar 29 X 4 X X 8 4 7 2
Mar 30 X 3 X X 8 4 7 2
Apr 1 X 2 X X 8 3 6 1
Apr 2 X 2 X 8 2 4 1
Apr 3 X 3 X X 8 4 8 2
Apr 4 X 3 X 2 1
Apr 5 1
Apr 10 9
Apr 11 8
Apr 12 12
Series
Summary 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 16 10 104 82 86 29
,
N
0'1
W
-------
N
0"1
.j:>o
Table 13. (continued) SUMMARY OF LAPPES PROJECT
May 1968 LAPPES Series
Keystone Homer City Conemaugh Cross Peak Instan. Bubbler Temp Pil ot Radio-
Date 1 2 1&2 1 2 1&2 1 2 1 &2 Sections GLC GLC GLC Profiles Ba 11 oons sondes
May 5 X 4 X X 3 5 2
May 6 X 2 X X 8 4 6 2
r"ay 7 X 4 X X 8 4 7 2
May 8 X 3 X X 8 4 9 2
May 9 X 5 X 2 4 2
May 10 X 3 X X 8 4 6 2
May 11 X 3 X 2 5 2
May 12 1
May 13 1
May 21 X 2 4 3 1
May 22 1
May 23 X 2 X 2 2 2
r"ay 24 1
r"ay 25 X X X 1 8 2
May 26 X 3 X X 4 10 2
May 27 X 2 X X 8 3 6 2
("lay 28 X 3 X 3 9 2
May 29 X 1 1 9 2
May 30 1 2 1
May 31 2 6 2
Jun 1 X 2 X 2 4 1
Series
Summa ry 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 13 8 40 46 101 35
-------
Table 13. (continued) SUMMARY OF LAP PES PROJECT
July 1968 LAPPES Series
Keystone Homer City Conemaugh Cross Peak Instan. Bubbler Temp Pil ot Radio-
Date 1 2 1&2 1 2 1&2 1 2 1&2 Sections GLC GLC GLC Profiles Balloons sondes
Jun 25 1
Jun 26 1
Jun 27 1
Jun 28 1
Jun 29 X 3 X X 8 4 8 2
Jun 30 X 3 X 8 3 7 2
Jul 1 X 3 X X 8 4 8 1
Jul 2 1
Jul 3 X 3 X X 8 3 8 2
Jul 4 X 2 X 3 4 2
Jul 5 X 3 X X 8 4 9 2
Jul 6 X 3 X X 4 9 2
Jul 8 X 3 X X 5 8 2
Jul 9 X 3 X X 8 4 7 2
Ju 1 10 X 3 X X 3 8 2
Jul 14 X 3 X X 4 7 2
Jul 15 3 1
Jul 16 1
Jul 17 X 2 X 3 3 1
Jul 18 1
Jul 19 X 3 X 3 6 2
Jul 21 X 4 X X 7 4 8 2
Jul 22 X 3 X X 4 9 2
Jul 23 1
Series
Summary 5 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 15 11 55 55 109 37
N
C'I
<..n
-------
N
m
m
Table 13. (continued) SUMMARY OF LAPPES PROJECT
October 1968 LAPPES Series
Keystone Homer City Conemaugh Cross Peak Instan. Bubbler Temp Pil ot Radio-
Date 1 2 1&2 1 2 1&2 1 ,2 1&2 Sections GLC GLC GLC Profiles Balloons sondes
Oct 15 4 2
Oct 16 X 3 X X 5 8 2
Oct 17 X 3 X X 6 4 9 2
Oct 18 X 3 X 4 9 2
Oct 20 X 3 X X 6 5 10 2
Oct 21 X 3 X X 8 4 10 2
Oct 22 X 3 X X 8 5 10 2
Oct 23 X 3 X X 8 3 9 2
Oct 24 X 3 X 4 9 2
Oct 25 X 3 2 3 1
Oct 26 X 3 X X 8 3 6 2
Oct 28 1
Oct 29 X 3 X X 8 2 2 2
Oct 30 X 3 X X 3 7 2
Oct 31 X 2 X X 8 4 11 2
Nov 1 X 3 X X 8 4 10 2
Nov 2 X 2 X X 3 8 2
Nov 4 1
Nov 5 1
Nov 6 1
Nov 7 1
Series
Summary 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 14 12 68 55 125 36
-------
Table 13. (continued) SUMMARY OF LAPPES PROJECT
April 1969 LAPPES Series
Keystone Homer City Conemaugh Cross Peak Instan. Bubbler Temp Pil ot Radio-
Date 1 2 1&2 1 2 1&2 1 2 1&2 Sections GLC GLC GLC Profiles Balloons sondes
Apr 8 X 2 X X 8 4 5 2
Apr 9 X 3 X X 8 5 10 2
Apr 10 X 3 X X 9 4 6 2
Apr 11 X 3 X X 9 4 9 2
Apr 12 X 1 X X 9 4 6 2
Apr 14 X 3 X X 9 5 9 2
Apr 15 X 3 2 2 2
Apr 17 X 3 X X 9 4 7 2
Apr 18 X 3 X 3 5 2
Apr 28 X 3 X X 8 4 3 1
Apr 29 1
Apr 30 X X X 10 6 9 2
May 1 X 3 X X 10 6 10 2
~1ay 2 X 3 X X 10 5 10 2
"lay 3 X 3 X X 10 4 8 2
May 5 X 3 X X 6 6 9 2
rvtay 6 X 2 X X 10 7 10 2
May 7 X 3 X X 10 4 7 2
May 8 X 2 X X 3 1
May 9 X X X 1
May 10 1
Series
Summary 6 3 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 18 17 135 80 125 37
N
0'\
-....J
-------
N
O"t
CXJ
Table 13. (continued) SUMMARY OF LAPPES PROJECT
October 1969 LAPPES Series
Keystone Homer City Conemaugh Cross Peak Instan. Bubbler Temp Pil ot Radi 0-
Date 1 2 1 &2 1 2 1&2 1 2 1&2 Sections GLC GLC GLC Profiles Balloons sondes
Oct 9 X 3 X X 10 5 7 2
Oct 10 X 3 X X 10 4 8 2
Oct 11 X 3 X X 10 5 9 1
Oct 13 X 2 X X 10 5 10 2
Oct 14 1
Oct 15 X 3 X X 10 4 11 2
Oct 17 X 2 X 10 2 3 2
Oct 18 X 3 X X 10 3 8 2
Oct 20 X 3 X X 9 4 4
Oct 21 X 3 X X 9 4 6 2
Oct 23 1 2 1
Uct 24 X 3 X X 3 9 2
Oct 25 1
Oct 28 X 3 X X 9 4 9 1
Oct 29 X 2 X X 10 4 7 2
Oct 30 X 2 X 2 2 1
Oct 31 X 2 X X 10 4 8 2
Nov 1 X 2 X 2 1 1
Nov 3 1
I~ov 6 X 2 X X 10 4 9 2
Nov 7 1
Series
Summary 0 7 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 41 16 13 127 60 113 31
-------
Table 13. (continued) SUMMARY OF LAPPES PROJECT
April 1970 LAPPES Series
Keystone Homer City Conemaugh Cross Peak Instan. Bubbler Temp Pil ot Radio-
Date 1 2 HI2 1 2 1&2 1 2 1 &2 Sections GLC GLC GLC Profiles Balloons sondes
Apr 20 X 2 X X 9 5 9 1
Apr 21 X 2 X 9 3 6 1
Apr 22 X 2 X X 9 5 10 2
Apr 23 X 3 X 2 3 1
Apr 24 X 3 1 4
Apr 25 X 2 X X 10 3 9 2
Apr 27 X 2 X X 10 5 10 2
Apr 28 X 5 X X 10 4 9 2
Apr 29 1 1 2
Apr 30 X 3 X X 10 5 9 2
May 1 X 3 X X 10 4 10 2
May 2 1 1
May 4 X 3 X X 10 4 11 2
May 5 X X X 10 4 10 2
May 6 2 3 1
May 7 1 5 1
t1ay 8 X 3 X X 10 5 9 2
f1ay 9 X 3 X X 10 4 10 2
t1ay 11 X 2 X X 10 4 11 2
r\1ay 12 X 2 X X 10 3 10 2
t1ay 1 3 2 3 2
~1ay 1 5 X 3 2 5 2
Series
Summary 0 0 0 5 1 11 0 0 0 43 15 13 137 69 158 36
N
0"\
'-D
-------
N
"'-J
a
Table 13. (continued) SUMMARY OF LAPPES PROJECT
October 1970 LAPPES Series
Keystone Homer City Conemaugh Cross Peak Instan. Bubbler Temp Pilot Radio-
Date 1 2 1&2 1 2 1 &2 1 2 1&2 Sections GLC GLC GLC Profiles Balloons sondes
Oct 14 X 3 X X 9 4 7 2
Oct 15 1
Oct 16 X 4 X 10 5 9 2
Oct 17 X 2 9 3 8 2
Oct 20 X 2 X X 9 4 8 1
Oct 22 1
Oct 23 1
Oct 24 1
Oct 26 X 1 X X 10 4 5 2
Oct 27 X 3 X X 9 4 8 1
Oct 28 X 2 X X 9 4 8 2
Oct 29 X X X 10 6 6 2
Oct 30 X X X 9 1 2 1
Oct 31 1
Nov 2 X 3 X X 9 5 9 2
Nov 4 1
Nov 5 X 3 X X 10 4 8 2
Nov 6 X 2 X X 2 4 1
Nov 7 1
Nov 9 X 3 X X 10 4 8 2
Nov 10 X X X 10 3 9 2
Nov 11 X 3 X X 3 3 1
Nov 16 X X X 1 1
Nov 16 X 3 X X 2 4
Series
Summary 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 34 16 15 123 59 107 32
-------
Table 13. (continued) SUMMARY OF LAPPES PROJECT
April 1971 LAPPES Series
Keystone Homer City Conemaugh Cross Peak Instan. Bubbler Temp Pilot Radio-
Date 1 2 1&2 1 2 1&2 1 2 1&2 Sections GLC GLC GLC Profiles Balloons sondes
Apr 21 X 3 X X 10 3 8 2
Apr 22 X 2 X X 2 3 2
Apr 23 X 1 X X 10 4 9 2
Apr 24 X 2 X 4 3 5 1
Apr 26 X 2 X X 10 4 7 2
Apr 28 X 2 X X 10 2 3
Apr 29 X 1 X 10 2 5 2
Apr 30 1
May 1 1
May 3 1
~1ay 4 X 2 X X 10 4 9 2
May 5 X 2 X X 10 3 8 2
May 6 1
May 7 X X X 10 3 5 1
r'1ay 8 1
May 10 X 2 X X 10 4 10 2
May 11 X 1 X X 10 4 9 2
May 12 1
May 13 1
May 14 X X X 5 10 2
May 15 X X X 10 4 8 2
~~ay 1 7 X X X 2 4 2
May 18 1
May 19 X 2 X X 10 3 6 1
May 20 X 3 X X 8 4 7 2
Series
Summary 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 9 26 17 15 132 56 116 37
N
......
--'
-------
N
"-J
N
Table 13. (continued) SUMMARY OF LAPPES PRO,JECT
October 1971 LAPPES Series
Keystone Homer City Conemaugh Cross Peak Instan. Bubbler Temp Pil ot Radio-
Date 1 2 1&2 1 2 1 &2 1 2 1&2 Sections GLC GLC GLC Profil es Balloons sondes
Oct 18 X 2 X X 10 4 9 2
Oct 19 X 3 X X 10 5 9 2
Oct 20 X 1 X X 10 4 10 2
Oct 21 X 1 X X 9 3 9 2
Oct 22 X 2 X X 10 4 9 2
Oct 23 1
Oct 25 1
Oct 26 1
Oct 27 1
Oct 28 1
Oct 29 1
Oct 30 1
Nov 1 1
Nov 2 X 1 X X 10 2 6 2
Nov 3 X 1 X X 10 4 10 2
Nov 4 X 1 X X 10 2 8 2
Nov 5 X 3 X X 10 4 10 2
Nov 6 X 4 X X 10 4 10 2
Nov 9 X 4 X X 10 4 10 2
Nov 10 1
Nov 11 1
Nov 12 X 3 X X 10 4 9 2
Nov 13 X 2 X X 3 7 1
Nov 15 1
Nov 16 X 3 X X 4 10 2
Nov 17 X 3 X X 14 6 6 2
Series
Summary 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 34 15 15 133 57 132 40
-------
CONTRACT AND VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION IN LAPPES PROJECT
During the five-year LAPPES Project, contract and voluntary participation by
private research organizations played a significant role. The services of six
contractors were engaged by NAPCA and EPA to collect and analyze data pertaining
to the dispersion, chemistry. and washout of the S02 and/or cooling tower plumes.
Two voluntary participants, while conducting their own research, also provided data
of interest. In the following section, activities of the contractors and voluntary
participants are described, accompanied by individual bibliographies which summarize
publications and presentations referring to their participation in the LAP PES Pro-
ject.
These descriptions are intended to be procedural only; therefore, no attempt is
made to summarize data or results. Such information may be obtained by referring to
the contractors' final reports or related publications.
Stanford Research Institute
During the May and October 1968 LAPPES series, a team of scientists from
Stanford Research Institute (SRI) of Menlo Park, California, used a mobile SRI
Mark V neodymium lidar (laser radar) to measure plume rise, plume geometry, and
plume particulate concentration distributions at various distances from the Keystone
stacks. During the April 1970 series, SRI personnel procured similar measurements
of the Homer City plume by means of a mobile SRI-NAPCA Mark VIII ruby lidar. SRI
participation in all three series was performed under contract with NAPCA.
The lidar cross sections were obtained by means of a vertical scanning tech-
nique with elevation angle increments of 0.3° to 10.0°, depending upon the vertical
extent of the plume. Such scans were accomplished by positioning the lidar van to
the side of the plume and scanning perpendicular to its mean centerline and at 45°
on either side of the perpendicular, thus obtaining three cross sections from a
single location. A complete vertical scan of 20 to 30 lidar shots required about
2 to 5 minutes to complete" and a set of three cross sections was obtained in 10 to
15 minutes.
The lidar was also used to check plume
at fixed distances downwind and at specific
apart) during an entire day, beginning with
with the onset of evening stability.
The lidar data were recorded on both a video magnetic disk recorder and on an
oscilloscope equipped with a 35-millimeter recording camera. A second oscilloscope
used in conjunction with the disk recorder permitted visual monitoring of each lidar
shot. The 35-millimeter film records were used for manual analyses while computer
analyses employed the magnetic disk records.
continuity by procuring cross sections
time intervals (as frequent as 5 minutes
the morning stable period and ending
273
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Supporting meteorological data supplied by LAPPES personnel for the SRI exper-
iments included helicopter temperature profiles and double-theodolite pilot balloons
at the source generating station and radiosondes and surface observations at Jimmy
Stewart Ai rport.
The following bibliography summarizes SRI publications and presentations per-
taining to their participation in the LAPPES Project.
Johnson, W. B., 1969: Lidar Applications in Air Pollution Research and Control.
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. 19:176-180.
Johnson, W. B., 1969: Lidar Observations of the Diffusion and Rise of Stack Plumes.
Journal of Applied Meteorology. 8:443-449.
Johnson, W. B., 1970: Lidar Applications in Air Pollution Problems. Presented at
Conference on Laser Radar Studies of the Atmosphere. Ocho Rios, Jamaica.
Johnson, W. B., 1971: Interim Report - Lidar Measurements of Plume Diffusion and
Aerosol Structure. Stanford Research Institute. Menlo Park, California.
NAPCA Contract No. CPA 70-49. Also presented at AMS-APCA Conference on Air
Pollution Meteorology. Raleigh, North Carolina.
Johnson, W. B., and E. E. Uthe, 1969: Final Report Lidar Study of Stack Plumes.
Stanford Research Institute. Menlo Park, California. NAPCA Contract No.
PH 22-68-33.
Johnson, W. B., and E. E. Uthe, 1971: Lidar Study of the Keystone Stack Plume.
Atmospheric Environment. 5:703-724.
Johnson, W. B., and W. E. Evans, 1970: Lidar Measurements of Plume Diffusion from
Tall Stacks. Presented at Conference on Laser Radar Studies of the Atmosphere.
Ocho Rios, Jamaica.
Sign X Laboratories, Incorporated
Under contract to NAPCA, a meteorologist from Sign X Laboratories, Incorporated,
of Essex, Connecticut, used an instrumented Bell Model 47G helicopter to measure
plume rise at the Keystone Generating Station during the May and October 1968 LAPPES
series. Instrumentation used in the Sign X helicopter was similar to that in the
LAPPES helicopter with one exception: in addition to continuous recordings of sul-
fur dioxide, pressure-height, temperature, and wet-bulb depression, a space charge
derivative unit was operated to detect charged particulates in the plume. This
enabled simultaneous estimates of plume dimensions during each traverse of both
particulates and S02'
The flight pattern used to define plume rise included both slanting and hori-
zontal traverses through the plume. The slanting traverses began about 6 to 8
kilometers downwind and consisted of a series of climbing and descending passes
274
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through the densest part of the plume, toward the stacks. The horizontal traveY~es,
constituting a cross section, were made at fixed distances downwind. Beginning at
the top of the plume, successive traverses at 60-meter intervals were made until the
bottom was reached; occasionally, this was followed by a series of ascending hori-
zontal passes through the plume in between the levels of descending traverses.
Supporting meteorological data for these experiments included helicopter temper-
ature profiles by the Sign X helicopter at the Keystone Station. LAPPES personnel
provided double-theodolite pilot balloons at Keystone and radiosondes and surface
observations at Jimmy Stewart Airport.
The following bibliography summarizes Sign X publications and presentations
pertaining to their participation in the LAPPES Project.
Proudfit, B. W., 1970: Final Report Plume Rise from Keystone Plant. Sign X
Laboratories, Incorporated. Essex, Connecticut. NAPCA Contract No.
PH 86-68-94.
Proudfit, B. W., 1970: Behaviour of Hot Plumes under Stable Conditions.
at North American Fuel Technology Conference. Ottawa, Canada.
Presented
Meteorology Research, Incorporated
Also under contract to NAPCA, personnel from Meteorology Research, Incorporated
(MRI), of Altadena, California, flew an instrumented Aztec C to obtain particle
size distribution and turbulence measurements in the Keystone plume during the
October 1968 LAPPES series.
Airborne determination of the flyash concentration and size distribution were
procured for comparison with concurrent lidar observations being conducted by SRI.
Using an MRI moving slide impactor and continuous particle collector, measurements
were made of flyash particle size in both the "dirty" and "clean" plumes at Keystone,
dirty referring to 50 percent passage of flyash out the stack and clean denoting all
precipitators in operation. Airborne measurements with a universal turbulence indi-
cator system were made under various meteorological conditions in the Keystone plume
and in the vicinity of the Homer City and Conemaugh Generating Stations, then under
construction.
The flight pattern used for measurements of both parameters at Keystone con-
sisted of lengthwise flights in the plume from 16 kilometers downwind to the stacks
and of successive horizontal traverses through the plume at 3.2, 8.0, and 16.0
kilometers downwind. Spiral soundings at the plant and 16 kilometers downwind were
executed to provide meteorological conditions and background particle samples.
Besides the aircraft observation, MRI personnel operated a ground-based camera
sequentially photographing the Keystone plume from a position perpendicular to its
275
-------
centerline. The photographs were obtained to provide plots of plume sizes and posi-
tion for comparison with theoretical predictions of plume rise and for comparison of
the usefulness of the photographic technique with the lidar method.
In addition to the temperature profiles by the MRI Aztec, supporting meteoro-
logical data provided by LAPPES personnel included helicopter temperature profiles
and double-theodolite pilot balloons at the Keystone Station and radiosondes and
surface observations at Jimmy Stewart Airport.
The following bibliography summarizes MRI publications and presentations per-
taining to their participation in the LAPPES Project.
Day, M. C., 1969: Photographic Measurement of the Transport and Diffusion of Efflu-
ent from an BOO-foot Stack. Presented at Annual Joint Convention and Trade
Show of the American Society of Photogrammetry and the American Congress of
Surveyors and Mappers. Portland, Oregon.
Niemann, B. L., M. C. Day, and P. B. McCready, Jr., 1970: Final Report Particu-
late Emissions, Plume Rise, and Diffusion from a Tall Stack. Meteorology
Research, Incorporated. Altadena, California. NAPCA Contract No. CPA 22-69-20.
Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute
Personnel from the Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute (IITRI)
of Chicago, Illinois, conducted a two-phase study of cooling tower plumes at the
Keystone Generating Station during 1969. The purpose of their study was to describe
and evaluate potential effects on the local environment, climate, and nearby gener-
ating station smoke plumes that resulted from cooling tower emissions of water vapor
and heat. IITRI participation was performed under contract with NAPCA.
During September 1969, a ground-based survey was executed in the vicinity of
Keystone to evaluate the heat and water balances through the cooling towers. The
airborne phase of IITRI's study was conducted in November and December 1969 and
involved the use of an instrumented Bell Model 47J2 helicopter. Airborne measure-
ments permitted the determination of ambient and plume temperature and humidity
profiles; background and plume sulfur dioxide concentrations by means of a Davis
S02 monitor; and size and acidity of plume droplet samples collected by Casella
cascade impactors.
The helicopter flight pattern used to collect the data was initiated by a
vertical ascent upwind of the Keystone Station to determine the temperature-humidity
profile and background S02 concentrations. This was followed by successive hori-
zo~tal traverses through the cooling tower plume at various distances downwind of
the visible portion. A low-level flight lengthwise under the plume toward the
towers completed the standard flight pattern. Plume droplet samples were collected
along the edges of the visible plume.
276
-------
In addition to the temperature profiles by the IITRI helicopter, supporting
meteorological data for these experiments provided by LAPPES personnel consisted
of surface observations at Jimmy Stewart Airport. Additional surface and upper
air wind data and precipitation records were utilized from stations within an
aD-kilometer radius of the Keystone Station.
The following bibliography summarizes IITRI publications and presentations
pertaining to their participation in the LAPPES Project.
Aynsley, E., 1970:
19:42-43.
Cooling Tower Effects
Studies Abound.
Electrical World.
Aynsley, E., 1970: Environmental Aspects of Cooling Tower Plumes.
Cooling Tower Institute Meeting. New Orleans, Louisiana.
Aynsley. E., 1970: Cooling Towers, the Environment and the Future.
Cooling Tower Institute Meeting. Snowmass-at-Aspen, Colorado.
Presented at
Presented at
Stockham, J., 1971: Final Report -
Technology Research Institute.
CPA 22-69-122.
Cooling Tower Study.
Chicago, Illinois.
Illinois Institute of
NAPCA Contract No.
Battelle Memorial Institute, Pacific Northwest Laboratory
Under contract to NAPCA, a team of scientists from Battelle Memorial Institute,
Pacific Northwest Laboratory, of Richland, Washington, collected and analyzed rain-
fall and snowfall samples under the Keystone plume during three periods, i.e.,
October-November 1969, February 1970, and April-May 1970. The purposes of the
field operations were to determine the scavenging efficiency by natural precipita-
tion of airborne contaminants and to identify the chemical composition of surface-
collected precipitation.
Precipitation samples were obtained by arranging collectors in three arcs under
the plume at approximate distances of 2.0, 4.0, and 6.5 kilometers downwind. To
inhibit the sulfur dioxide loss or chemical reaction, some collectors contained
tetrachloromercurate solution. Immediate analyses of the samples in a field labo-
ratory yielded measurements of acidity, sulfur dioxide, sulfates, nitrates, and
nitrites. Supplementary ground-based measurements obtained during the experiments
included rainfall rate determined by weighing-bucket rain gages; raindrop size and
electric charge spectra by means of spectrometers; adsorption of S02 on flyash col-
lected with an electrostatic precipitator; ground-level sulfates determined from
high-volume air samplers; and photographs of snowflake characteristics.
During the first two sampling periods, an instrumented Cessna 172 was used to
provide background and plume measurements of temperature, humidity. and sulfur
dioxide. Occasional collection of airborne particulate matter by means of a Unico
2-.-.
I I
-------
~dscade impactor enabled determinations of particle morphology and size distri-
butions. Because of the severe restrictions imposed by the type of meteorological
conditions in which sampling was performed, the aircraft was used only intermit-
tently. The standard flight pattern consisted of successive horizontal traverses
through the plume at fixed distances downwind and at vertical intervals of 30 or 60
meters.
Supporting meteorological data obtained by Battelle personnel included single-
and double-theodolite pilot balloons and vertical profiles of temperature and
humidity at the Keystone Station as well as the previously mentioned measurements
pertaining to rate and nature of rainfall and snowfall. LAPPES personnel provided
surface observations at Jimmy Stewart Airport.
The following bibliography summarizes Battelle publications and presentations
pertaining to their participation in the LAPPES Project.
Dana, M. T., J. M. Hales, and M. A. Wolf, 1972: Final Report Natural Precipi-
tation Washout of Sulfur Dioxide. Battelle Memorial Institute, Pacific
Northwest Laboratory. Richland, Washington. EPA Contract No. AT (45-1)-1830.
Hales, J. M., J. M. Thorp, and M. A. Wolf, 1970: Washout of S02 from the Plume of
a Coal-Fired Power Plant. Precipitation Scavenging. USAEC Symposium Series.
22:293-303.
Hales, J. M., J. M. Thorp, and M. A. Wolf, 1971: Final Report Field Investigation
of Sulfur Dioxide Washout from the Plume of a Large Coal-Fired Power Plant by
Natural Precipitation. Battelle Memorial Institute, Pacific Northwest
Laboratory. Richland, Washington. NAPCA Contract No. CPA 22-69-150.
Hales, J. M., J. M. Thorp, and M. A. Wolf, 1971: Theory and Field Measurements of
Sulfur Dioxide Washout from an Elevated Plume. Presented at AMS-APCA Confer-
ence on Air Pollution Meteorology. Raleigh, North Carolina.
Research Laboratories, French Meteorological Services
A voluntary participant in the LAPPES Project during 1970 and 1971 was
Mr. L. Facy, Director of the Research Laboratories of the French Meteorological
Services. Using water tunnel facilities located in his Paris laboratory, Mr. Facy
initiated a model study of Conemaugh plume dispersion.
His first approach was the construction of a model to duplicate the moderate-
to-high wind, neutral-stability case during which the Conemaugh plume traverses
Laurel Ridge and Conemaugh Gorge, with emphasis placed on possible channelling
through the gorge. If successful, the program's scope would be broadened to study
the plume's behavior under gravity-wave action in stably stratified layers over
Laurel Ridge. The objectives of both models were to determine the possibility of
278
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"fumigating" the lee slopes of Laurel Ridge and the city of Johnstown during epi-
sodes of northwest winds, and if it did occur, to locate the areas of maximum
ground-level S02 concentrations.
During the October 1970 series, LAPPES personnel cooperated in this venture by
procuring additional S02 and meteorological data. Besides the helicopter temper-
ature profiles flown at the Conemaugh Station, additional profiles were executed
over Johnstown to enable a comparison of stability aloft as affected by the ridge.
Other specialized measurements included the placement of portable bubblers on both
sides of Laurel Ridge and in the Conemaugh Gorge during periods of northwest winds.
Additional supporting meteorological data supplied to Mr. Facy included double-
theodolite pilot balloons at the Conemaugh Station and radiosondes and surface ob-
servations at Jimmy Stewart Airport.
The following bibliography summarizes Mr. Facy's publications pertaining to his
participation in the LAPPES Project.
Facy, L., 1971: Pollution Atmospherique Dispersion et Diffusion des Effluents
Rejetes par les Centrales Thermiques de Conemaugh et de Seward dans 1a Region
de Johnstown (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.). Etablissement d'Etudes et de Recherches
Meteorologiques, Magny-les-Hameaux, France. Avec la participation et 1 'assist-
ance de OSIB-SECURIPOL.
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Participation in the LAP PES Project by Brookhaven National Laboratory of Long
Island, New York, was of both a voluntary and contract nature. During 1968 and
1969, Brookhaven personnel used a fixed-wing aircraft to collect Keystone plume
samples for isotopic analysis. The S32/S34 ratios in these samples were compared to
the corresponding ratio in the supply coal in an attempt to establish a correlation.
In addition to collecting plume samples, Brookhaven scientists performed an aerial
infrared mapping of vegetation in the local area during 1968.
Under contract to EPA, Brookhaven participated in the LAPPES Project during
October and December 1970 and May, October, and November 1971. During these periods,
Brookhaven personnel used a fixed-wing aircraft to procure airborne measurements
pertaining to plume geometry and plume chemistry.
By means of an on-board densitometer using right-angle scattering with maximum
sensitivity at 0.6 microns, flyash particles in the 0.01 to 10 micron diameter
range were detected during successive crosswind flights downwind, thus providing a
means of defining plume geometry. In support of efforts to determine S02 reactions
in the plume aloft, controlled amounts of sulfur hexaflouride (SF6) were released
into the stack effluent. Evacuated flasks fitted with critical orifices were used
for airborne collection. In order to obtain crosswind integrated values of SF6,
279
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one continuous sample was obtained during each horizontal plume traverse. Subse-
quent gas chromatograph analyses of the samples will provide data with which simul-
taneous airborne S02 measurements can be compared and chemical reactions determined.
While the airborne operations were in progress, ground-level SF6 concentrations
and densitometer background information were being simultaneously collected. In
addition to the vertical temperature profiles and pilot balloon data obtained by
Brookhaven, supporting meteorological data provided by LAPPES personnel included
helicopter temperature profiles and pilot balloons at the Keystone Station and
radiosondes and surface observations at Jimmy Stewart Airport.
Although a final report is
marizes Brookhaven publications
in the LAPPES Project.
not yet available, the following bibliography sum-
and presentations pertaining to their participation
Brown, R. M., L. A. Cohen, and M. E. Smith, 1971: The Diffusion of Large Plumes.
Presented at AMS-APCA Conference on Air Pollution Meteorology. Raleigh,
North Carol ina.
Brown, R. M., L. A. Cohen, and M. E. Smith, 1972: Diffusion Measurements in the
10-100 km Range. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 11:323-334.
Tucker, W. D., 1969: The Atmospheric Diagnostic Program at Brookhaven National
Laboratory Second Status Report. Brookhaven National Laboratory. Upton,
L. I., New York. BNL 50206 (T -553).
Tucker, W. D., 1970: The Atmospheric Diagnostic Program at
Laboratory Third Status Report. Brookhaven National
L.I., New York. BNL 50280 (T-606).
Brookhaven National
Laboratory. Upton,
LAPPES VEGETATIVE STUDY
The third major division of LAPPES, the vegetative study, was operational from
1967 through 1971. The proposed ten-year investigation was intended to evaluate
the effectiveness of tall stacks in preventing injurious effects by sulfur compounds
and other effluents on vegetation in the region surrounding the Keystone, Homer
City, and Conemaugh Generating Stations. This primary objective was to be accom-
plished by analysis of vegetation for acute and chronic injury and by measurements
of ground-level concentrations of sulfur dioxide (S02), nitrogen dioxide (N02),
oxidants (03), hydrocarbons, and aldehydes, supported by a comprehensive meteoro-
logical monitoring program. Because of funding and manpower priorities, however,
the study was prematurely terminated after only partial results were obtained.
The field project was
ing areas consisting of 15
located at distances of 8,
activated in 1967 with the establishment of 22 monitor-
Scotch pine and 7 white pine plots. These areas were
16, 32, 48, 64, and 80 kilometers in the prevailing
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downwind direction (northeast) of the line connecting the three generating stations.
Sulfation candles and plates were installed at these locations and leaf samples of
both deciduous vegetation and pine trees were collected for sulfate analysis.
A tobacco sensitivity program for determination of air pollution effects was
conducted during the summers of 1968 and 1969 at the same monitoring areas. By
visual observation of damaged leaf areas, moderate to severe foliage injury was
observed in both years as a result of oxidants and/or oxidant mixtures with other
pollutants.
The vegetative study was expanded in 1969 to include eight 4- to 6-acre major
research areas with similar soil, drainage, and slope characteristics. Six of these
sites were located northeast of the Homer City Generating Station at distances of
about 2,11,22,34, 50, and 66 kilometers. The remaining two areas were situated
between the generating stations at 8 and 11 kilometers northeast of the line tra-
versing the three stations. Within each area, irrigated and non-irrigated plots
were developed; irrigated plots were set up to determine effects under conditions
of maximum soil moisture. A random plot design was utilized for conifer and decid-
uous tree species planted in the eight areas. In addition, subplots were estab-
lished in each area for herbaceous crop species of commercial importance. Plans
for data analyses within the research areas included the determination of visible
injury and measurement of growth and yield effects.
To obtain correlation between research areas, air monitoring for oxidant, sul-
fur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides began during the 1969 growing season. Temperature,
humidity, solar radiation, and rainfall instrumentation were added in 1970. Wind
speed, wind direction, soil temperature, and soil moisture devices were also planned,
but were not implemented.
Although the project was never fully operable, vegetational injury from sulfur
dioxide and/or oxidants was observed on various tree and herbaceous species through-
out the study region. A final report of the vegetative study is being prepared and
will be available for additional information.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
As the Large Power Plant Effluent Study is terminated, specific mention
be made of the contributions and cooperative efforts of many individuals who
ensure the success of such a comprehensive project.
Permission for EPA to utilize data and facilities at the Keystone, Homer City,
and Conemaugh Generating Stations was granted by the following twelve electric
utility companies comprising ownership of the stations:
should
helped
Atlantic City Electric Company
Baltimore Gas and Electric Company
Delmarva Power and Light Company
Jersey Central Power and Light Company
Metropolitan Edison Company
New York State Electric and Gas Corporation
Pennsylvania Electric Company
Pennsylvania Power and Light Company
Philadelphia Electric Company
Potomac Electric Power Company
Public Service Electric and Gas Company
UGI Corporation
Personnel of the Pennsylvania Electric Company, particularly W. Verrochi,
R. Conrad, D. Park, and D. Fyock, provided valuable assistance in the initial and
continued execution of LAPPES. The staffs of the Keystone, Homer City, and Cone-
maugh Stations cooperated in numerous ways, including but not limited to: (1) con-
ducting tours to acquaint EPA personnel with generating station operations; (2)
manipulating electrostatic precipitator efficiency to permit limited flyash release,
thus enabling visual plume tracking; (3) supplying nonroutine plant operational
data during sampling periods; (4) allowing unrestricted access to and publication of
station performance and operations data.
On-site EPA personnel, R. Soller, W. Kemp, E. Tillotson, and T. Therkelsen,
were instrumental in the collection and reduction of LAPPES data. Additional
assistance in the procurement of measurements was provided by several meteorological
technicians from the Division of Meteorology, EPA (formerly Air Resources Cincinnati
Laboratory, NAPCA). Computer manipulation of data was provided by W. Umfleet.
Marianne Proch typed the manuscripts for the four LAP PES data summaries.
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In preparing and conducting the LAPPES experiments, the combined experience
of TVA personnel was drawn upon. Specifically, F. Gartrell, F. Thomas, S. Carpenter,
and J. Blackwell assisted in the initial planning of LAP PES and in furnishing
techniques to reduce plant operational data.
Professors P. Prince, M. Stapleton, F. Liegey, and S. Tackett of the Indiana
University of Pennsylvania provided logistical support in establishing the LAP PES
field office and on subsequent occasions.
The conduct of LAP PES was continuously monitored by an advisory committee
composed of J. Fuquay, D. Pack, R. McCormick, F. Gartrell, M. Smith, H. Panofsky,
and D. Lohman. This committee met twice yearly to review current progress and to
suggest future activities.
Finally, the personal advice and assistance offered to the Project Meteoro-
logist by R. McCormick, L. Niemeyer, and F. Pooler proved invaluable.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Carpenter, S. B. and J. P. Blackwell. Tennessee Valley Authority, private communi-
cation. Muscle Shoals, Alabama. 1969.
Daily Weather Maps. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Environmental Data Service. Washington, D. C. 1971.
Estrada, H. and A. F- Smith. The Keystone Station General Design.
American Power Conference. Chicago, Illinois. 1964.
General Operating Instruction Manual. Technicon Corporation. Ardsley, New York.
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Presented at
Niemeyer, L.
Plants.
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E.. R. A. McCormick, and J. H. Ludwig. Environmental Aspects of Power
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Niemeyer, L. E. and F. A. Schiermeier.
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Tall Stack Study Underway. Power Engineering
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Penelec. Review of Plant Maps, Specifications, and Operating Characteristics of
Keystone, Homer City, and Conemaugh Generating Stations. Private communication
as well. Pennsylvania Electric Company. Johnstown, Pennsylvania. 1971.
Pooler, F., Jr. and L. E. Niemeyer. Dispersion from Tall Stacks: An Evaluation.
Presented at Second International Clean Air Congress. Washington, D. C. 1970.
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Air Pollution Control Administration. Raleigh, North Carolina. NAPCA Publi-
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Schiermeier, F. A. Study of Effluents from Large Power Plants.
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tation, Procedures, and Data Tabulations (1970). U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Office of Air Programs. Research
Triangle Pa~k, North Carolina. OAP Publication No. APTD-0695. 1971.
Presented at Ameri-
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Schiermeier, F- A. and L. E. Niemeyer. Large Power Plant Effluent Study (LAPPES);
Volume 1 - Instrumentation, Procedures, and Data Tabulations (1968). U.S. DHEW,
PHS, EHS, National Air Pollution Control Administration. Raleigh, North Caro-
lina. NAPCA Publication No. APTD-70-2. 1970.
Topographic Maps. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,
Washington, D. C. 1971.
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