EPA-600/2-78-071
April 1978
Environmental Protection Technology Series
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
Vol. 5 No. 1
(November 1977 • January 1978)
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECH-
NOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and dem-
onstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent en-
vironmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This work
provides the new or improved technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technicallnforma-
tion Service, Spri ngfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600j2-78-071
April 1978
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
Volume 5 Number 1
(November 1977 - January 1978)
by
Helmut Ehrenspeck,
Penelope Melvin, Elizabeth Sorenson,
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
and James Cook
Grant No. R805052-01
Principal Investigator
Dr. Henry W. Offen, Director
Marine Science Institute
Project Officer
L. T. McCarthy, Jr.
Oil & Hazardous Materials Spills Branch
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory-Cincinnati
Edison, New Jersey 08817
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory-Cincinnati, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
i i
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FOREWORD
When energy and material resources are extracted, processed, converted,
and used, the related pollutional impacts on our environment and even on
our health often require that new and increasingly more efficient pollu-
tion control methods be used. The Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory - Cincinnati (IERL-Ci) assists in developing and demonstrating
new and improved methodologies that will meet these needs both efficiently
and economically.
This report is a product of the above efforts. It cites current events,
literature, research, patents, and other materials relevant to the oil
pollution abatement program and is published in an abstract format on a
quarterly basis. As such, it serves as a basic reference document for all
those interested in oil spill and oil pollution control. This project is
part of the continuing program of the Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills
Branch, IERL-Ci, to assess and mitigate the environmental impact of oil
pollution.
Industrial
David G. Stephan
Director
Environmental Research
Cincinnati
Laboratory
i i i
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ABSTRACT
The November 1977-January 1978 issue begins Volume 5 of OIL SPILL AND
OIL POLLUTION REPORTS, a quarterly compilation of abstracts of current
oil pollution-related literature and research projects. Comprehensive
coverage of terrestrial and aquatic oil pollution and its prevention
and control is provided, with emphasis on the marine environment.
The report contains (a) citations and summaries of 1975 to 1977 publi-
cations and patents; (b) status and summaries of current research
programs; and (c) information on current oil pollution-related
meetings. This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA
Grant No. R-805052-01 by the Marine Science Institute, University of
California, Santa Barbara, under the sponsorship of the US Environmental
Protection Agency.
iv
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Abstract. . . .
CONTENTS
..............
......
Acknowledgements. . .
..........
..........
Introduction. . . . .
. . . .
.......
...........
Abbreviations - Acronyms. .
Sections
I.
...............
Reports, Publications, and Patents
A.
B.
Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1.
2.
Reporting. .
......
..........
Monitori ng .
......
.....
.....
3.
4.
Remote Sensing
.......
. . . .
. . . .
Sampling. .
......
..........
5.
6.
Analysis. . .
........
......
Source Identification. . . .
.....
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
.....
............
Oil Pollution Prevention and Control
1.
2.
Containment. . . . . . . . . . .
.....
Cleanup and Recovery.
.....
..........
3.
4.
Restoration. . . . . . . . . . .
.....
Oil Transfer and Transport.
........
5.
6.
.....
. . . . .
. . . .
Waste Treatment and Di sposa 1 Methods. . . . . . . .
Oi l-\'Jater Separati on . . .
.....
........
7.
8.
Reclamation and Reuse.
.....
..........
Personnel Training and Education.
.........
9.
Prevention and Control Measures. .
.........
v
Page
iv
. . viii
ix
xi
1
4
8
9
11
16
19
19
27
27
29
45
51
52
53
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II.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Aspects of Oil Pollution
1.
2.
Biological Aspects
Physical Aspects
.......
..........
......
.....
.......
3.
4.
Chemical Aspects
.......
...........
Economic Aspects
..................
5.
General Aspects.
..........
........
Aspects of Oil Exploration and Production
1.
2.
Biological Aspects. .
...............
Economic Aspects.
. . . .
........
.....
3.
General Aspects. . .
................
Fate of Oil in the Environment
1.
2.
Biodegradation.
......
........
. . . .
Physical Changes
.......
......
.....
3.
4.
Chemical Changes.
.......
.....
.....
General Fate of Oil.
. . . .
........
. . . .
Oil Pollution Regulations
1.
2.
US Legislation. . . .
. . . . .
..........
International Legislation. . .
...........
3.
4.
Foreign Legislation. . .
..........
. . . .
Standards and Guidelines
........
......
5.
Agreements and Conventions.
......
......
Current Research Projects
A.
Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
2. Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
vi
58
78
79
80
81
86
88
89
99
101
103
104
110
111
112
113
113
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B.
Oil Pollution Prevention and Control
1.
2.
Waste Treatment and Disposal Methods
. . . .
. . . .
119
120
Contingency Planning
. . . .
........
. . . .
C. Aspects of Oil Pollution
1. Biological Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
D. Aspects of Oil Exploration and Production
1.
General Aspects. . . . . .
......
.......
128
E.
Fate of Oil in the Environment
1.
2.
Biodegradation. . . . . .
. . . .
.........
General Fate of Oil.
. . . . .
......
. . . . .
131
131
F.
Bibliographies
I I 1.
Current Conferences. . .
.....
. . . .
.........
Master List of Keywords. .
. . . . . .
........
......
136
148
Subject Index. . . . .
Author Index. . .
...............
.........
153
181
.......
. . . . .
..........
Patent Index.
.....
. . . .
. . . . .
.......
. . . . .
185
187
Appendix:
Periodicals Reviewed. . .
...............
vii
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank the personnel of the Marine Science Institute,
the Science-Engineering Library, and the Interlibrary Loans, of the
University of California, Santa Barbara, for their assistance during the
research stages of this project.
viii
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INTRODUCTION
OIL SPIll AND OIL POllUTION REPORTS is a quarterly bulletin which reviews
pertinent scientific and technical publications and research projects to
provide its readers with current developments in the field of oil pollu-
tion. This issue contains summaries of articles, reports, patents,
documents, and other literature relating to oil pollution published during
the period 1975 to 1977 (Section I); summaries and status of current
research projects (Section II); and current oil pollution-related confer-
ences (Section III). Beginning with this issue, the reports will be
identified by volume and issue number; previous issues were identified by
quarterly dates alone, as shown on the following page.
Subject coverage includes aquatic and terrestrial oil pollution with
emphasis on the marine environment. Items in Section I are categorized
by seven major subdivisions which are divided into thirty-seven specific
subject categories. Categories used in the current issue are presented in
the Table of Contents. Patents and patent applications are announced under
appropriate subject categories. A list of the periodicals reviewed in
preparing this series appears in the Appendix.
Section II presents titles of active or recently completed oil pollution
research projects, summaries of project objectives, and current status
information and/or resulting publications provided upon request by the
principal investigators or performing organization. Notices of research
projects are obtained primarily from the Smithsonian Science Information
Exchange (SSIE). Entries are arranged according to the same subject cate-
gories as in Section I. Some of the projects listed in previous Oil
Pollution Reports have been recently renewed. These projects have been
relisted with a current serial number, followed by the original number in
parentheses.
Entries in Section I and II have separate serial numbers.
preceding the serial numbers designate the following: C,
cations, and patents; and R, research projects. Subject,
patent indexes are provided at the end of the report.
The letters
reports, publi-
author, and
Section III, Current Conferences, contains descriptive information on
recently held and upcoming conferences relevant to any aspect of oil
pollution. Conference dates are listed; and, when information is avail-
able, titles, authors, and abstracts of oil pollution-related papers are
included. All information for this section was obtained from the periodicals
reviewed (Appendix) and from responses to written inquiries concerning the
meetings.
ix
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OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
Environmental Protection Technology Series
Reports currently available, in press, or in preparation.
Dates Covered Report Number
1974 July 74 - Oct. 74 EPA-670/2-75-003
1975 Nov. 74 - Feb. 75 EPA-670/2-75-044
Feb. 75 - Apr. 75 EPA-670/2-75-059
May 75 - July 75 EPA-600/2-76-129
Aug. 75 - Oct. 75 EPA-600/2-76-113
1976 Nov. 75 - Jan. 76 EPA-600/2-76-185
Feb. 76 - Apr. 76 EPA-600/2-76-215
May 76 - July 76 EPA-600/2-76-266
Aug. 76 - Oct. 76 EPA-600/2-77-037
1977 Nov. 76 - Jan. 77 EPA-600/2-77-075
Feb. 77 - Apr. 77 EPA-600/2-77 -111
May 77 - July 77 EPA-600/2-77-243
Aug. 77 - Oct. 77 Submitted 11/77
Vol. 5 No.1 Nov. 77 - Jan. 78 Submitted 2/78
Vol. 5 No.2 Feb. 78 - June 78 in preparation
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS are available to the public
through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield,
Vi rg i n i a 22161.
x
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atm
bbl
°C
em
dwt
EIS
of
ft
9
gal
GLC
gpd
gph
gpm
ha
hr
in
IR
kg
km
kn
L
lb
LD
LNG
LOT
LPG
m
API
BLM
CEQ
DOE
EPA
ERDA
FEA
H1CO
NASA
NBS
NOAA
NTIS
UN
USCG
USGS
USDI
USDA
USN
ABBREVIATIONS
atmosphere
barrel
degrees Centigrade
centimeter
dead weight ton
environmental impact statement
degrees Fahrenheit
foot
gram
ga 11 on
gas-liquid chromatography
ga 11 ons per day
gallons per hour
gallons per minute
hectare
hour
inch
infrared
kilogram
kil ometers
knot
1 iter
pound
lethal dose
liquefied natural gas
load on top
liquefied petroleum gas
meter
ACRONYMS
mg
mi
min
ml
mm
OCS
oz
PAH
pH
ppb
ppm
sp.
TLC
US
USSR
UV
VLCC
WSF
wt
yr
~
~g
%
/
mill i gram
mile
minute
mi 11 il iter
mi 11 imeter
outer continental shelf
ounce
polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbon
the negative log of the H
ion concentration
part per billion
part per million
species
thin-layer chromatography
United States
Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics
ultra vi 01 et
very large crude carrier
water soluble fraction
weight
year
micron
microgram
percent
per
American Petroleum Institute
Bureau of Land Management
Council on Environmental Quality
Department of Energy
Environmental Protection Agency
Energy Research and Development Administration
Federal Energy Administration
International Maritime Consultative Organization
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Bureau of Standards
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Technical Information Service
United Nations
United States Coast Guard (DOT)
United States Geological Survey
United States Department of Interior
United States Department of Agriculture
United States Navy
xi
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SECTION I.
REPORTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND PATENTS
A.
OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1.
REPORTING
C-0001-78
MARINE POLLUTION: A MULTI-FACETED, MULTI-AGENCY DETECTION,
RESEARCH AND ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM
Anon. 1977 -
Sea Technology 18(10):10-17, 49-50.
Argo Merchant spill, Detection, Monitoring, Law enforcement,
Sampling, Government agencies
A section of this article, "Oil Pollution," describes efforts of
the agencies involved in the Argo Merchant spill. In addition to
the Coast Guard, NOAA's Environmental Research Laboratories,
National Weather Service, and Environmental Data Service became
involved. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution sent a research
vessel to the scene. Methods of study of the oil slick generated
by the ship's grounding are described.
C-0002-78
METULA SPILL EFFECTS MAY LAST 20 YEARS (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(8):26.
Metula spill, Chronic effects, Beaches, Estuaries, Intertidal zone,
Ch il e
Roy G. Hann, Jr., professor of engineering at Texas A&M University,
has returned to the Chilean coastline three years after the August,
1974, Metula spill. Above the high tide line on the open beach is
a band a few meters wide of oil, sand, and trash which he expects
will be evident for 10-15 years. Two small estuaries contain fresh,
soft pools of oil which should have visible effects there 20 years
from now. An intertidal area 0.4 km (~ mi) wide and 3 km (2 mi) long
is paved with oil 5-25 cm (2-10 in) deep in the sediment which may
still be eroding 7-10 years from now.
C-0003-78
WARNING ON CUMULATIVE OIL SPILLS ON MARINE LIFE (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Western Fisheries 94(6):19.
Oil spills, Marine organisms, Fisheries, Ekofisk blowout, Chronic
effects
An oceanographer, Dr. Gerhard Tomczak, of the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the UN, was reported as saying that marine resources
1
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may be seriously impacted by oil spills. He warned that the
Ekofisk spill would first damage birds, then fish, but that the
effect on fisheries would not be felt for two or three years.
C-0004-78
AUDUBON VERSUS LIBERIA (news brief)
Bourne, W.R.P- 1977-
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(8):171.
Argo Merchant spill, Statistics, Oil Spills, Tankers
The author briefly reviews Audubon coverage of oil spill disasters
including statistics of numbers of gallons of oil lost and tankers
declared a total loss. Details are given on the appalling history
of the Argo Merchant.
C-0005-78
OIL-SPILL IN THE HUDSON RIVER (news brief)
Bourne, W.R.P- 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(8):171.
Oil spills, Ice, *Hudson River
A Hess Oil Company barge was grounded on a reef in the Hudson
River by a tug belonging to another company on February 4, 1977.
Fifteen-hundred tons of No.6 high-pour oil were lost, with ice
acting as a boom while the oil congealed. Coasts to the south and
east and a number of birds were affected by the spill.
C-0006-78
AN OILY SPRING (news brief)
Bourne, W.R.P. 1977-
British Birds 70(8):352-353.
Oil spills, Birds, Statistics, UK, North Sea
Five significant oil pollution incidents occurred between February
and May, 1977, at Dounreay, Scapa Flow, Bempton (twice), and the
Ekofisk field in the North Sea. Perhaps 30,000 tons of oil were
spilled in all, killing at least 1,950 birds. Two spills appear
to be illegal ship discharges, and two involved double failures
of equipment. The author speculates on the potential damage that
might occur from the leaky Mesa field off Sutherland.
2
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C-0007-78
FIRST GENERATION DIRECTORY OF OIL SPILLS
Center for Short-Lived Phenomena. 1975.
Cambridge, Massachusetts, Smithsonian Institution, Office of
International Programs, 1975.
Oil spills, Sources, Information systems, *Spill directory
A computerized directory of oil and hazardous material spills has
been compiled from data in the Smithsonian Center for Short-Lived
Phemonena Spill Data Base. Entries include location, source, and
cause of the spill; the type and amount of material spilled; and
an abstract of the event.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(5): #77-04367. 1977-]
C-0008-78
OIL TANKER DISASTERS
Gundlach, E.R. 1977.
Environment 19(9):16-27.
Argo Merchant spill, Santa Barbara Channel, Ekofisk blowout, Torrey
Canyon, Oil industry, Tankers, Pollution prevention
Petroleum hydrocarbons entering the world's marine environment
constitute a major pollution problem. This article reviewed the
major oil spills of recent years, and traced the history of tanker
spills to early WWII. Predictions for areas of tanker mishaps
leading to spills are given, as are predictions of the flagships
which will most likely be involved. Planning and implementation of
clean-up technology is suggested.
C-0009-78
AN OIL SLICK OCCURRENCE OFF BAFFIN ISLAND
Loncarevic, B.D., and R.K. Falconer. 1977.
Ottawa, Canada. Geological Survey Paper No. 77-1a. (Report of
Activities, Part A), p. 523-524. (Project 760039).
Oil slicks, Source identification, Canada
During the 1976 cruise of CSS Hudson to the Arctic an oil slick
was observed off the Scott Inlet of Baffin Island. The ship
returned 25 days later and conducted an ad hoc sampling program;
laboratory analyses are not complete and-on~preliminary results
are available. Natural seepage is suspected as the cause of the
slick but 3 possible causes are suggested: natural crude oil,
animal (whale?) oil, and refined oil (snowmobile lost through ice,
a sunken boat, or a crashed plane?).
3
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C-0010-78
THE EKOFISK BRAVO BLOWOUT
Vanderkooy. N. 1977.
Spill Technology Newsletter 2(3):15-25.
Ekofisk blowout, Spill containment, Spill cleanup, Contingency
planning
This report describes events leading up to the blowout of well B-14
Ekofisk Bravo, in April 1977, as well as subsequent events. The
response of the scientific community is reviewed. An outline of.
response structure is shown with recommendations and future cont,n-
gency plans.
C-0011-78
MAJOR OIL SPILLS FROM rANKERS AND BARGES AND OTHER VESSELS IN U.S.
WATERS/ANALYSIS OF RECENT TRENDS AND PATTERNS
Young, G.K., L.S. Warner, and R.U. Jettmar. 1977.
Final Report 1976-1977, EQ-517614239, Contract EQ7AD239. 30 p.
Oil spills, Statistical analysis, Tankers, Barges, US
This report is an investigation of oil spills during the winter
of 1976-1977 and provides a comparison with spills since 1969.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(19): #PB-268 515/4GA. 1977.]
2. MONITORING
C-0012-78
CONTINUOUS WAVE LASERS DETECT POLLUTION IN WATER. DEVELOPED BY
RESEARCHERS AT REMOTE SENSING CENTER
Anon. 1976.
University and the Sea 9(6):8-9.
Monitoring, Detection, Remote sensing, Coasts, Lakes, Bays~ Rivers,
USCG, *Continuous wave laser
Funded by the US Coast Guard, researchers at Texas A&M University's
Rembte Sensing Center have developed a laser scanner that will be
used to detect oil pollution and sediment content in bays, rivers,
lakes and along coasts. The device can be programmed to detect only
oil, is effective in nearly any kind of weather, and can be perma-
nently mounted in structures above the body of water to be monitored.
4
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C-0013-78
OIL SPILL DETECTOR (product
Anon. 1977 .
Offshore 37(11):144.
Monitoring, Petroleum products, Detection, Oil spills, Equipment,
*Oil sensor
This scanning oil sensor monitors a strip up to 150 m (500 ft) long
across water to detect floating oil. When oil is found, an alarm
sounds. It is not affected by debris, waves, changes in water
level or infrared sources.
information)
C-0014-78
OIL SPILL MARKER (product information)
Anon. 1977.
Offshore 37(11):140.
Monitoring, Oil slicks, Drift, Movement, Equipment, *Buoy
This buoy is designed to drift at the same rate as an oil spill.
It transmits a signal so that the spill location is always known.
It may be deployed by ship, airplane, or helicopter.
C-0015-78
SIGNIFICANCE OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE WATERS
Brooks, J.M., and W.M. Sackett. 1977.
Proceedings of the 7th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry,
1975. R. Campos and J. Gon (eds.). Madrid, Revista Espanola de
Micropa1eontologia. 1977. p. 455-468.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Oceans, Mexico (Gulf of). Offshore
production
Thousands of determinations of dissolved hydrocarbons in surface
water for 5,000 miles of cruise tracks in the Gulf of Mexico have
been made using a shipboard "sniffer" system. Surface water anal-
yses show up to 6 orders of magnitude higher levels of C1 to C5
saturated hydrocarbons than open ocean surface water. In almost
all cases these high concentrations are attributable to petroleum
production operations as many as 10 miles distant, suggesting that
saturated 10w-mo1ecular-weight hydrocarbons are very sensitive
indicators of man-derived petroleum pollution.
C-0016-78
REMOTE WATER MONITORING SYSTEM
Grana, D.C., and D.P. Haynes. 1977.
US Patent Application SN-821681.
Monitoring, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Patent, Design-engineering,
*Remote operation
5
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The system described integrates the functions of sampling, sample
preservation, sample analysis, data transmission, and remote
operation. One or more sampling units contain several sample
chambers where each sample is analysed by an electrochemical sen-
sor. Data is transmitted to a remote sending and receiving
station, and samples remain in their chambers until collected
for further laboratory analysis.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 15(19):
#N77-28563. 1977.]
C-0017-78
STRATEGIES FOR MARINE POLLUTION MONITORING (book review)
Hamilton, E.I. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(5):118.
Monitoring, Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons, *Book review
The author reviews the book Strategies for Marine Pollution
Monitoring [E.D. Goldberg (ed.). London, John Wiley, 1976.x + 310
p.] and expresses his disappointment in finding no clear statements
of strategies. Analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons is mentioned
with emphasis on the need for standard methods especially for car-
cinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons. The reviewer delivers other
specific criticism but praises the book for its usefulness and
emphasis on the need for improved methods of analysis and superior
laboratories.
C-0018-78
DEVICE FOR INDICATING LIQUID, INSOLUBLE FOREIGN LAYERS ON OTHER
LIQUIDS
Heidenreich, R. 1977.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,559,233
Monitoring, Detection, Oil spills, Equipment, Design-engineering,
Patent, *Alarm device
An alarm device for detecting floating oils and hydrocarbon fuels
consists of a buoy with a light upper section carrying 2 electrodes,
and a weighted lower section. The presence of oil dissolves an
oil-soluble glue used to keep the electrodes in contact, and when
the contact is interrupted, an alarm is triggered.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14): #106562w. 1977.]
6
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C-0019-78
THE MEASUREMENT OF OIL IN DISCHARGES
Nichols, J.A., and H.D. Parker. 1977.
The Separation of Oil from Water for North Sea Operations.
Edinburgh, UK, Institute of Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt
University, 1977. p. 37-45. Proceedings of Seminar, June 22-23,
1976.
Monitoring, Oil discharges, Wastewaters, Analytical techniques,
Sampling, Legislation, UK
Legislation which would enforce the continuous monitoring of
oily discharges into the sea is briefly reviewed, and the physical
requirements of continuous oil-in-water monitoring equipment are
given. Included is a brief survey of existing laboratory analysis,
field sampling, and monitoring techniques.
C-0020-78
OIL-IN-WATER CONTENT MONITOR DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAM SUMMARY
Skewes, R.L. 1977.
Final Report No. USCG-D-28-77. 71 p. (Supercedes Report No.
USCG-D-188-75, AD-A022 960).
Monitoring, Detection, Equipment, Reclamation, Sampling
Feasibility studies of three concepts for oil-in-water content
monitors are presented: 1) oil fluorescence total luminescence
scanning; 2) small angle forward light scattering; and 3) light
scattering at 45, 90, and 135 degrees and turbidity at 0 degrees.
liThe breadboard devices described are capable of linear monitor
response to known oil mixtures over the range of 0-400 ppm with a
maximum error of +15% (excluding Bunker ICI )." Monitor designs,
modifications, and individual contractor test program results are
presented.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(19): #AD-A041267/6GA.
1977. ]
C-0021-78
A PRELIMINARY TEST OF A GOVERNMENT-OWNED LOCAL AREA OIL ON WATER
SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
White, J.R. 1976.
Final Report, CGR/DC-9/76; CG-D-121-76. 70 p.
Monitoring, Oil slicks, Detection, Surveillance, *Oil-on-water
A field test of 3 fixed site, oil-on-water point sensors was
conducted in New Hark Harbor. Determined were such items as num-
ber of alarms for various threshold levels and time durations,
effects of tidal fluctuations, effects of oil background levels,
and sensor reliability. To be operationally desirable, the sen-
sors in a surveillance system must initiate an alarm in one circum-
stance only, i.e., a surface oil film large enough to warrant
cleanup, preventative measures, or legal action.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(17): AD-A040 541/5GA.
1977.] 7
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3.
REMOTE SENSING
C-0022-78
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY SENSORS
Environmental Protection Agency. 1976.
EPA-600/9-76-031, PB-264 183/5. 779 p. Held at Las Vegas, Nevada,
10-11 October 1973.
Remote sensing, Contaminants, Oil spills, Monitoring, Environmental
effects
The papers presented covered such topics as: aircraft, satellite,
and land based remote sensing systems for monitoring and identify-
ing pollutants in air, water, and on land, remote sensing techniques,
environmental impact assessment, and oil and hazardous material
spills identification. Environmental monitoring requirements of
the EPA regions were also addressed.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 15(16): #N77-
25659. 1977.]
C-0023-78
SUMMARY EVALUATION OF THE OFFSHORE TARGET DETECTION CAPABILITIES
OF APS-94D AND COR RADAR SYSTEMS
Estes, J.E., and S.P. Kraus. 1976.
Final Report, May-July 1976, AD-A036245, USCG-D-125-76, Contract
DOT-CG-63898-A. 120 p.
Remote sensing, Natural seepage, USCG, California, *Radar systems
Imagery was interpreted from a USCG flight test of an APS-94D real
aperture and coherent-on-receiv~ (COR) synthetic aperture radar
conducted in three locations of southern and coastal California.
Target detection capabilities and resolution characteristics of the
2 systems were evaluated. Natural seep oil slicks and man-made
targets were included in the analysis.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 15(19): #N77-
28379. 1977.]
C-0024-78
ENERGETICS OF THE LIDAR IN REMOTE DETECTION OF OIL FILMS ON SEAWATER
Gurevich, 1. Ya., and K.S. Shifrin. 1977.
Akademiia Nauk SSSR. Bulletin. Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Series 12(8):527-529.
Remote sensing, Oil slicks, Seawater, *Lidar energetics
An estimate is made of the energy entering the input of a lidar
receiver system, utilizing a CO2 laser, during remote sounding of
the sea. It is found that the energy entering the input decreases
with an increase in wind speed from 2 to 5 m/s during nadir rang-
ing, but sharply increases during ranging at an angle of 20 degrees.
An example is given which allows estimat~on of the ranging height
2
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from which an oil slick on the sea can be detected with a CO2
lidar system.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(5): #77-04268. 1977.]
C-0025-78
THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL
REMOTE SENSING FROM AIRCRAFT
Melfi, S.H. 1977-
Annual Symposium on the Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants, 7th,
[1977?] . 2 p.
Remote sensing, Oil spills, Spill cleanup, EPA, *Remote sensing
systems
Systems and techniques described include passive imaging systems
such as photography, thermal and multispectral scanners, and
active laser systems for remote measurements of atmospheric
aerosols and molecules and remote sensing of water quality
parameters. Oil spill location and documentation, and spill con-
tainment and cleanup are among the applications of these systems.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(5): #77-04883. 1977.]
4.
SAMPLING
C-0026-78
HYDROCARBONS IN CORES OF NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC COASTAL AND
CONTINENTAL MARGIN SEDIMENTS
Farrington, J.W., N.M. Frew, P.M. Gschwend, and B.W. Tripp. 1976.
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 5(6):793-808.
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Chemical analysis,
Chromatography, Massachusetts, *Buzzards Bay
Concentrations and composition of hydrocarbons found in sections
of a core sample from Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, are reported.
Sources and distribution of hydrocarbons in the surface sediments
are discussed.
C-0027-78
THE POLLUTION OF SEAWATER IN NAGASAKI
summary]
Miyahara, S., and H. Ohno. 1976.
Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries,
21-24.
Sampling, Seawater, Petroleum products, Chemical analysis,
*Nagasaki Bay
BAY IN SUMMER, 1975 [English
Nagasaki University No. 41:
9
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Sea-water from the surface layers of coastal water in Nagasaki
Bay was analyzed for twelve items. II It seemed that the sea-wate~
was polluted by petroleum or the like and the pollution was heavler
at the entrance of the bay rather than at the inner and outer
stations of the bay."
C-0028-78
OIL POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATERS OF SOME REGIONS OF THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA [in Russian]
Sheremet'ev, V.A., G.A. Doroshenko, and B.T. Demin. 1976.
Morskie Gidrofizicheskie Issledovaniia, No. 3:154-161.
Sampling, Behavior, Fate, Movement, Sea surface, Mediterranean
Sea
Shipboard investigations were made during October-November 1974
of the transport and accumulation of oil pollutants in the Medi-
terranean Sea. The connection between oil pollution fields and the
hydrological characteristics of the Sea are analyzed.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 17(19): #A77-40806. 1977.]
C-0029-78
COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR OIL AND GREASE DETERMINATION
Short, J.W., S.D. Rice, and D.L. Cheatham. 1976.
Assessment of the Marine Arctic Environment: Selected Topics.
D.W. Hood and D.C. Burrell (eds.). Fairbanks, Alaska, University
of Alaska, Institute of Marine Science, 1976. p. 451-462.
(Occasional Publication No.4).
Sampling, Chemical analysis, Detection, WSF, Crude oil, Fuel oil,
*Method comparison
Comparison of a gravimetric method and a spectrophotometric
method of determining water-soluble fractions of crude oil indi-
cates that the gravimetric method is inadequate for anything but
grease determination. Infrared spectrophotometry was 100% effec-
tive in determining levels of grease, crude oils, and No.2 fuel
oi 1.
C-0030-78
MUTAGENIC POTENTIAL OF PETROLEUM BY PRODUCTS IN CHESAPEAKE WATERS
Voll, M.J., J.D. Isbister, L.I. Isaki, and M.D. McCommas. 1977.
Maryland Water Resources Research Center. Technical Completion
Report, TR-39, W77-07606, OWRT-A-034-MD(1). Contract 01-14-34-
0001-6021. 41 p.
Sampling, Petroleum products. Seawater, Sediments,
Chesapeake Bay, *Mutagenic substances
"Chesapeake Bay water and sediment samples from an
area (Colgate Creek) and a relatively non-polluted
Biodegradation,
oil polluted
area (Eastern
10
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Bay) were assayed by the Ames bacterial system for the presence
of mutagenic substances. I' Organic extracts and/or untreated
samples were assayed. Results suggest the presence of mutagenic
substances in Colgate Creek water and sediment.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(17): #PB-267020/6GA.
1977 .]
5.
ANALYSIS
C-0031-78
QUANTIFICATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE GASOLINE FRACTIONS USING A
RADIOISOTOPIC STANDARD WITH DIRECT AQUEOUS INJECTION-GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Berry, W.O., and P.J. Stein. 1977.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 18(3):
308-316.
Chromatography, Gasoline, Chemical analysis, WSF
A new gas liquid chromatography technique was developed to
determine the amounts of individual water-soluble gasoline frac-
tions present in aqueous solutions. The technique allows direct
aqueous injection of water samples without the problems connected
with solvent extraction techniques, and results in more accurate
quantification.
C-0032-78
ASSAY OF DETERGENT RESIDUES IN FRESHWATER, SEA WATER, AND WASTE
WATERS: METHOD OF EXTRACTION AND CONCENTRATION OF SURFACTANTS
BY ADSORPTION ON LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACE [in French]
Clanet, F., and J.-F. Viller. 1976.
Water Research 10(9):829-832.
Surfactants, Extraction, Wastewaters, Seawater, Freshwater,
Analytical techniques
liThe surfactant adsorption properties on greases and oils are
used for extraction and concentration of surfactants from waters
and wastes. The recovery rate is 97.1% with vaseline oil in the
conditions exposed....Different techniques are developed.11
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(15): #W77-07591.
1977. ]
11
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C-0033-78
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT; CHARACTERIZA-
TION BY CAPILLARY GC-MS AND LOW VOLTAGE MASS SPECTROMETRY
Giger, W. 1977.
Annual Symposium on the Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants, 7th,
[1977?]. n.p.
PAH, Analytical techniques, Sediments, Lakes, Rivers
An analytical scheme to isolate PAH from environmental samples
in which they occur at parts-per-mi11ion concentrations is des-
cribed. The method consists of gel filtration and adsorption
chromatography, glass capillary gas chromatography, directly
coupled mass spectrometry (MS), and probe distillation and low
voltage MS.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(5): #77-04259. 1977.]
C-0034-78
RATE OF MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS:
A CHROMATOGRAPHIC QUANTIFICATION PROCEDURE
Herbes, S.E., L.R. Schwall, and G.A. Williams. 1977.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 34(2):244-246.
Chromatography, PAH, Bacteria, *Microbial transformation
Microbial transformation products of 14C-1abe1ed PAH can be
isolated and quantified with this newly developed chromatographic
procedure. Measurements were made of the transformation rates of
naphthalene, anthracene, benz(a)anthracene, and benz(a)pyrene by
a mixed bacterial population. Previous techniques were unable to
detect very slow or incomplete transformations that this procedure
quantifies.
C-0035-78
ORGANIC MARKER COMPOUNDS
Hertz, H.S. 1977.
Annual Symposium on the Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants, 7th,
[1977?]. 1 p.
Contaminants, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, *Marker compounds
The amount of oil in an environmental sample can be quantified
through the use of a compound or series of compounds which is
employed as an internal or external standard. A common internal
standard is used to relate independent analyses of an environ-
mental sample and a sample of the oil (external standard).
Representative peaks in chromatograms of the oil can be directly
compared with peaks in the extract of an environmental sample, and
the wt. percent of oil in the sample can be calculated using an
equation which is described.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(5): #77-04877. 1977.]
12
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C-0036-78
RAPID METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF HEAVY PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
Hodgin, J.C., M.A. Kaiser, J.A. Lubkowitz, and L.B. Rogers. 1977.
Journal of Chromatography 135(2):514-520.
Chromatography, Petroleum products, Source identification
Results from this study show the feasibility of obtaining rapid
"fingerprints" of small petroleum product samples through gel
permeation chromatography. LiChrospher and LiChrosorb were used
to obtain profiles of molecular-weight distributions of some
petroleum crudes, pitches, and asphaltenes. The elution time was
less than 30 min for less than 16 ~g of each sample.
C-0037-78
INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL [in
Japanese]
Kitazato, H. 1976.
Sekiyu Gakkai Shi 19(7):573-577.
Analytical techniques, Chemical analysis, Pollution control
"A review, with 8 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18):
#140866h.
1977. ]
C-0038-78
IDENTIFYING SOURCE OF PETROLEUM BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Lynch, P.F., and C.W. Brown. 1976.
Chemistry of Petroleum Processing and Extraction I. New York, MSS
Information Corporation, 1976. p. 227-237.
Source identification, Spectroscopy, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Petroleum
products
Infrared spectra measurements have been taken of over 50 samples
of crude oils, fuel oils, and other petroleum products. Each
sample had characteristic bands in the 650 to 1200 cm-l spectral
region, which can be used in source identification. Computer
analysis of the ratios of known to unknown absorptives of 21
selected bands is used in the matching process.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(17): #40992. 1977-]
13
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C-0039-78
PROBLEM DEFINITION STUDIES ON POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS.
IV. PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, TOXOLOGICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF
BENZENE; TOLUENE; XYLENES; AND PARA-CHLOROPHENYL METHYL SULFIDE,
SULFOXIDE, AND SULFONE
Miller, T.A., D.H. Rosenblatt, J.C. Dacre, J.G. Pearson, and R.K.
Kulkarni. 1976.
Technical report, TR-7605. 95 p.
Contaminants, Petroleum products, Environmental effects, Toxicity,
Analytical methods
A summary of the following information is provided for the title
pollutants: physical/chemical properties; analytical methods;
mammalian toxicology; environmental considerations for wildlife,
birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates, microorganisms,
and plants; and existing standards.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(17): #AD-A040 435/0GA.
1977.]
C-0040-78
ISOLATION OF NATURAL SURFACE-ACTIVE MATERIALS OF CRUDE OILS BY
ADSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY
Milley, J. 1977.
Journal of Chromatography 139(1):135-140.
Surfactants, Crude oil, Chromatography. Chemical analysis
In order to isolate natural surfactants of crude oils, a traditional
open-column adsorption chromatographic method is developed using
Kieselguhr as column packing. Classification of the crudes is based
on the interfacial activity of fractions, obtained by measuring the
interfacial tension of benzene solutions against distilled water.
Molecular-weight measurements and IR spectroscopy are used to eval-
uate the chemical properties of crude fractions.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #138312f. 1977.]
C-0041-78
THE USE OF PROCESS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN THE ANALYSIS OF
INDUSTRIAL STREAMS
Mowery, R.A., Jr. 1977.
Analysis Instrumentation. Proceedings of the Annual Analysis
Instrumentation Symposium, Vol. 15:119-130.
Chemical analysis, Chromatography. Oil industry, Petrochemicals
Preliminary studies related to the petroleum and petrochemical
industries show the feasibility of process liquid chromatography
for the separation of many chemical species, including hydro-
carbons.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18):
#138309k. 1977.]
14
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C-0042-78
DOSAGE DES HYDROCARBURES DANS LES EAUX [in French]
Ranchet, J., and P. Clement. 1977.
Techniques et Sciences Municipales et Revue L'eau 72(1):23-27.
Hydrocarbons, Analytical techniques, *Carbon tetrachloride
Three methods of determining hydrocarbons in water by carbon
tetrachloride were studied and compared. The methods are API,
P. Chambon, and AFNORT90-203, the last being best suited to
surface water analysis. Results are assessed by IR spectro-
graphy.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(5): #77-04190. 1977.1
C-0043-78
COORDINATION POLYMERS AS ADSORBENTS AND STATIONARY PHASES IN GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY. I. POLY[CHROMIUM(III)DIPHENYLPHOSPHINATE]
Szczepaniak, W., and J. Nawrocki. 1977.
Journal of Chromatography 138(2):337-345.
Chromatography, Hydrocarbons, Adsorption
The use of the title agent as a selective packing for gas
chromatography is discussed. The coordination polymer reacts
specifically with hydrocarbons containing a n-bond. Calculations
of the thermodynamic effects of the sorption of various compounds
were done, and a series of chromatographic separations of test
mixtures of hydrocarbons were conducted.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #145378k. 1977.]
C-0044-78
DEVICE FOR THE SAMPLING AND TREATMENT OF THE ELUATE DURING THE
MICROCHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES [in Russian]
Zakupra, V.A., and V.A. Kozak. 1977.
Zavodskaya Laboratoriya Zhurnal po Analiticheskoi Khimii,
Fizicheskim, Matematicheskim i Mekhanicheskim Metodam Issledo-
vaniya Materialov 43(6):670-672.
Hydrocarbons, Chromatography, *Coal tar distillates
A glass apparatus used in chromatography of hydrocarbons and coal
for distillates is described. The apparatus collects small amounts
(0.11-0.15 g) of eluates with bp > 1500 in liquid chromatography.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #138129b. 1977=]
15
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6.
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
C-0045-78
THE FLUX OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS INTO THE GULF OF MEXICO VIA RUNOFF
Brooks, J.M. 1977.
Marine Pollutant Transfer. H.L. Windom, and R.A. Duce (eds.).
Lexington, MA, Lexington Books, D.C. Heath and Company, 1977.
p. 185-200.
Source identification, Hydrocarbons, Production, Mexico/Gulf of,
Mississippi River
Light gaseous hydrocarbons (methane through pentanes) are sensitive
indicators of petroleum pollution. Natural processes cannot
account for the occurrence of light hydrocarbons in the Gulf of
Mexico, and thus they must enter chiefly from man-derived sources,
river runoff, and/or across the sea/air or sea/sediment inter-
face. In particular, light hydrocarbons in the Mississippi River
originate predominately from petroleum and petrochemical activities.
Significant impacts on coastal waters are evidenced by hydrocarbon
anomalies seen from 16-32 km (10-20 mi) off port and up to 80 km
(50 mi) off the Mississippi River.
C-0046-78
IDENTIFICATION OF OIL SLICKS BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Brown, C.W., P.F. Lynch, and M. Ahmadjian. 1976.
USCG-D-19-77, CGR/DC-5/77, Contract DOT-CG-81-74-1099,
1 Feb 74 - 15 Aug 76.
Source identification, Weathering, Spectroscopy. *Computer analysis
In this study, 85 different oils of all types were "weathered" for
two weeks in 2 to 4 weathering grids. A library of weathered oils
was compiled from spectral data on approximately 900 weathered
oil samples which were digitized and stored in computer data files.
These samples were compared to 300 spectra of their unweathered
sources by a computer ratio method and the identification tech-
nique developed for using infrared spectroscopy with computer
analysis proved very useful.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(18): #AD-A040 975/5GA.
1977 ,]
Final report
C-0047-78
MODE OF OCCURRENCE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN PETROLEUM AND RELATIONSHIP
TO OIL-SPILL IDENTIFICATION METHODS
Filby, R.H., and K.R. Shah. 1976.
Chemistry of Petroleum Processing and Extraction. III. New York,
MSS Information Corporation, 1976. p. 182-205.
Source identification, Crude oil, Chemical analysis, *Trace elements
Fifteen trace elements were measured by thermal neutron activation
analysis. Six oils were analyzed and large variations were shown
16
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in the trace element contents even within a given oil well. The
implications of the results for fingerprinting procedures are
discussed.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(17):
#41027.
1977.]
C-0048-78
INFRARED ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR OIL IDENTIFICATION
Grizzle, P.L., and H.J. Coleman. 1977.
Bartlesville Energy Research Center, 1977. 24 p.
Source identification, Crude oil, Spectroscopy. Statistical
analysis, Weathering
Infrared (IR) absorbance data at 14 frequencies were obtained for
52 crude oils and 52 corresponding topped (distilled through 275°C)
crude oil samples. Statistical analysis justifies using 12 of
these frequencies for the identification of weathered (topped)
crude oils and for unweathered crude oil samples. Fluctuations in
the magnitude of the absorbance bands, differentiation of
spectrally similar unweathered crudes, and artificial weathering
of unweathered samples for comparative purposes are discussed.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(16): #39252. 1977.]
C-0049-78
CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SPILLED RESIDUAL FUEL OILS
BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Kawahara, F.K. 1976.
Chemistry of Petroleum Processing and Extraction. III. New York,
MSS Information Corporation, 1976. p. 142-163.
Source identification, Fuel oil, Residual oils, Chemical analysis,
Petroleum products, Chromatography
The Analytical Quality Control Laboratory has developed the title
analytical methods. Four GC techniques and IR procedures can
reveal oil identities and approximate ages of spills even when 2
different oils are spilled near the same area at about the same
time. Good results have been obtained from a new electron cap-
ture detector gas chromatographic method designed for identifying
heavier petroleum products.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(17): #40993. 1977.]
17
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C-0050-78
CHARACTERIZATION OF HEAVY RESIDUAL FUEL OILS AND ASPHALTS BY
INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY USING STATISTICAL DISCRIMINANT
FUNCTION ANALYSIS
Kawahara, F.K., J.F. Santner, and E.C. Julian. 1976.
Chemistry of Petroleum Processing and Extraction. III. New York,
MSS Information Corporation, 1976. p. 164-181.
Source identification, Residual oils, Petroleum products, Statistical
analysis, *Infrared spectrophotometry
A combination of infrared spectrophotometry, data treatment,
data transformation, and discriminant function analysis through
computer assistance has been developed as a highly accurate method
of distinguishing between the two title petroleum products. This
infrared procedure should enable sample classifications to be made
for source identification.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(17): #40994. 1977-]
C-0051-78
THE SOURCES OF OIL CONTAMINATED DISCHARGES ARISING DIRECTLY FROM
NORTH SEA OIL OPERATIONS
King, N.J., and T.G. Wilkinson. 1977.
The Separation of Oil from Water for North Sea Operations.
Edinburgh, UK, Institute of Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt
University, 1977- p. 2-14. Proceedings of Seminar, June 22-23,
1976.
Source identification, Tankers, Platforms, Oil terminal, Offshore
production, Oil discharges, Contamination, North Sea
Oil contamination from tanker ballast, displacement water from oil
storage tanks on production platforms, produced waters, and opera-
tional discharges from onshore and offshore terminals, leakage,
etc., have been identified as sources of oil pollution in the
North Sea. The significance of these discharges relative to the
overall marine environment are discussed.
C-0052-78
HYDROCARBON STUDIES IN THE BENTHIC ENVIRONMENT AT PRUDHOE BAY
Shaw, D.G., and L.M. Cheek. 1976.
Assessment of the Arctic Marine Environment: Selected Topics.
D.W. Hood and D.C. Burrell (eds.). Fairbanks, Alaska, University
of Alaska, Institute of Marine Science, 1976. p. 425-431.
(Occasional Publication No.4).
Source identification, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Marine organisms,
Chemical analysis, Benthos, Alaska, *Prudhoe Bay
Measurements of aliphatic hydrocarbons collected from the sediments
and biota in and around Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, during 1974 indicated
that the hydrocarbons were largely or totally of biogenic origins.
18
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B.
OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1.
CONTAINMENT
C-0053-78
SPILLED OIL-GELLING AGENT
Abe, K., S. Tomita, Y. Morita, K. Terashima, et al. 1977.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application~7~132,653
Spill containment, Yeasts, Patent, *Gelling agent
Denatured yeast obtained by removal of water-soluble components
from yeast and carboxymethylation is used for gelling spilled oil.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14): #106566a. 1977.]
C-0054-78
OIL COLLECTOR
Tamano, N. 1977.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 77 48,581
Spill containment, Adsorption, Patent, *Collecting agent
An oil collecting agent is produced by coating powdered carbon
with organic compounds to give buoyancy and hydrophobicity, then
admixing powdered magnetic metal.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14): #106631t. 1977.]
2.
CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
C-0055-78
CLEAN IT UP WITH A SOCK
Anon. 1976.
Ecolibrium 5(3):2-4.
Spill cleanup, Spill recovery. Design-engineering
Summary not available.
[from Environmental Periodicals Bibliography 6(2):
#6:1221.
1977.]
19
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C-0056-78
NOAA SEA GRANT FUNDING AIDS OIL SPILL RESEARCH (news brief)
Anon. 1977 .
Sea Technology 18(8):26.
Spill recovery, Adsorption
IIJoe Turbeville, a physicist at the University of South Flor~da,
is in the final year of a two-year, $36,000 grant from NOAA s Sea
Grant Program to study the possibi~ity of building small ~oats
capable of being shipped anywhere 1n the world to clear 011
spills. II The 7.3m (24 ft) prototype model uses m~gnetic ferrofoam
pads to adsorb the oil. Estimated recovery rate 1S 9,100 L/hr/kn
(2,400 gal/hr/knot) for lighter crudes and diesel oil.
C-0057-78
OIL SKIMMER (product information)
Anon. 1977 .
Offshore 37(11):144-145.
Spill cleanup, Spill recovery, Skimmers, Equipment
This device is designed for use on boats, docks, drilling platforms,
etc., and is capable of removing oil ranging from very thin to
thick. It provides flow volumes up to 400 L/min (105 gpm) and can
take 20% air without air locking.
C-0058-78
OIL SPILL BOAT DEVELOPED IN FINLAND
Anon. 1977.
Petroleum Engineer International 49(13):14.
Booms, Spill containment, Ships, Design-engineering, Equipment
A boat, Vator 18T, has been designed in Finland to provide defense
against spilled oil. The craft can be deployed at speeds up to
30 knots and, once upon the scene, can launch up to 200 m (650 ft)
of boom at about 9 m (30 ft) per minute.
C-0059-78
PORTABLE OIL SKIMMER (product information)
Anon. 1977.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 49(9):755a.
Skimmers, Spill recovery, *Product information
This oil skimmer weighs 20.4 kg (45 lbs) and will remove 30.3 L
(8 gal) of oily waste an hour from contaminated pools, streams,
catch basins, sumps, tanks, or other areas. The product is avail-
able in lengths of 1.5-2.4 m (5-8 ft), and has a 5.1 cm (2 in)
wide metal belt. For further information write to Aerodyne
Development Corporation, 29085 Solon Road, Cleveland, OH 44139.
20
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C-0060-78
PORTABLE SKIMMER FOR QUICK RESPONSE (product information)
Anon. 1977 .
Petroleum Engineer 49(11):10-11.
Spill recovery, Booms, Skimmers
Shell Development Co. IS transportation research and engineering
department has designed a spilled oil cleanup kit (SOCK) of por-
table components able to fit on work boats and supply boats.
The components are: Sock (flexible boom-skimmer); floating
frame; crane; pump and power unit; container; towable bags (for
temporary storage).
C-0061-78
21 IMINISKIMMERS' DELIVERED BY MARCO FOR OFFSHORE, HARBORS
(product information)
Anon. 1977 .
Sea Technology ~8(9):44.
Skimmers, Spill recovery, *"Miniskimmer"
Marine Construction and Design Co. (MARCO) produces the Komara
IIMiniskimmer,1I a portable, circular disc-type oil skimmer. Designed
for rapid deployment, two men can easily handle the 1.07 m (42 in)
diameter, 49.9 kg (110 lb) unit. It can be used for small spill
recovery or early-response to larger spills in waves and calm
waters.
C-0062-78
THE VIKOMA SYSTEM FOR CLEARING OIL SPILLS AT SEA (product
information)
Anon. i977.
Clean Air 11(1):18-19.
Booms, Skimmers, Spill Cleanup, Equipment
The Vikoma System for oil pollution control at sea consists of
the Vikoma Sea-Pack -- a 488 m boom with its own self-contained
development system; the Vikoma Sea Skimmer -- for use in deep
water; and the Komara Mini Skimmer -- for use in shallow areas.
Details are given.
C-0063-78
A ZERO-RELATIVE-VELOCITY BELT SKIMMER, STAGE II -- CONFIRMING
TESTS AND PROTOTYPE DESIGN
Ayers, R.R., and J.M. Ward. 1977.
Final Report July 75-Sept 76, USCG-D-23-77, Contract DOT-CG-
42229-A. 152 p.
Skimmers, Spill recovery. Equipment
21
-------
Preliminary tests have been performed on a 12.2 m (40-ft long)
prototype skimming vessel that uses twin floating sorbent belts
to recover spilled oil in 6-8 knot currents. Oil recovery rates
up to 2300 Llmin (600 gpm) are possible. A 1/8-scale model of
the catamaran vessel that supports the oil recovery apparatus was
also tested.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(19): #AD-A041 416j9GA.
1977.J
C-0064-78
AGENTS, METHODS AND DEVICES FOR AMELIORATION OF DISCHARGES OF
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ON WATER
Bauer, W.H., and J.J. Bulloff. 1975.
Report CG-D-38-76. 285 p. NTIS No. ADA-024 221.
Spill cleanup, Pollution control, *Chemical agents, *Hazardous
chemicals
Chemical agents and methods were identified and evaluated for 30
representative hazardous chemicals on water. It was concluded that
the use of chemical agents is feasible for 29 of the 30 chemicals
selected. Agents found to be the most advantageous were sorbents,
ion exchangers, diluents, neutralizers, collectors, precipitants,
reductants, oxidizers, and ultrafiltration membranes.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 15(18): #W77-08910. 1977.]
C-0065-78
DEVELOPMENT OF A STREAMING-FIBER OIL SPILL CONTROL SYSTEM, STAGE II
Beach, R.L., D.W. Durfee, and R.J. Powers. 1976.
Final Report 26 Sept 75-22 Nov 76, USCG-D-4-77, Contract DOT-CG-
40217-A. 150 p.
Spill containment, Models, Equipment, *Streaming-fiber system
A large-scale model of the streaming fiber oil spill control
system has been developed by Seaward International, Inc. It has
been tested successfully under simulated field conditions.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(19): #AD-A041 315/3GA.
1977.]
C-0066-78
METHODS FOR REMOVAL AND CLEANUP OF OIL SPILLS [in ChineseJ
Chen, H-C. 1977.
Chung-Kuo Shui Ch1an 292:14-16.
Spill cleanup, Spill disposal, Biodegradation, Adsorption,
Dispersions
22
-------
A review is presented covering biodegradation, mechanical
collection, physical sinking, adsorption, combustion, and
ical dispersion. No references are given.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #140862d. 1977.J
chem-
C-0067-78
OIL SPIllS: THE STRATEGY OF RECOVERY
Conrad, J.M. 1976.
University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Preliminary report. Grant
A-087. 38 p.
Spill cleanup, Models, Contingency planning, Offshore development,
Georges Bank, Massachusetts
A model for determining the optimal location of recovery
resources is developed and applied to coastal Massachusetts. Nine
hypothetical situations were constructed relating to possible
petroleum finds on Georges Bank and onshore developments in south-
eastern Massachusetts. The location of recovery packages was
determined for each situation, with priority areas selected at
Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Boston Harbor, and Plymouth.
C-0068-78
CONTROllABLE SORBENT BROADCASTER
Der, J.J. 1976.
Denver, CO, Environmental Protection Agency, 1976. 14 p.
Spill cleanup, Absorption, *Sorbent broadcaster
According to the patent application, this device broadcasts oil
sorbent material at a controlled rate uniformly over an oil slick.
A rotating cylinder of wire mesh has an endless belt which con-
tains compartments filled with the sorbent materials.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(17): #40984. 1977=]
C-0069-78
OIL POllUTION PRECAUTIONS ON KENT COAST (news brief)
Dixon, T.R. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(9):195.
Spill cleanup, Pollution control, England, *Surface film-forming
chemicals
The Kent County Council has decided to use surface film-forming
chemicals in future shoreline spill cleanup procedures. The
chemicals restrict the lateral spread and penetration of oil by
increasing its surface tension. This method will reduce the
dependence upon more harmful mechanical means on sandy beaches and
dispersants used manually and mechanically offshore, inshore, and
on the beaches.
23
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C-0070-78
MARINE AND INDUSTRIAL OIL/WATER SEPARATION
Gabriel, J.C., and G. Parry. 1977.
Filtration and Separation 14(3):253-254, 256.
Spill cleanup, Pollution prevention, Equipment, Oil-water separation,
Industries
Spill cleanup equipment and methods for preventing spills are
discussed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18):
#140720f.
1977.]
C-0071-78
NEW OIL ABSORBERS. KAPOK FIBERS [in Japanese]
Government Industrial Research Institute. 1977.
JITA Nyusu 90:18.
Spill cleanup, Absorption, *Kapok fiber
Kapok fiber used for oil spill cleaning was found to be inert to
oil. It is reported that the fiber has a natural water repelling
property and a density of 0.04-0.05 g/cm3. Kapok fiber absorbed
59.7 g heavy oil/g fiber while polypropylene fiber absorbed 27.5 g/
g fiber.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #140655r. 1977.]
C-0072-78
THERMOPLASTIC RESIN ADSORBENT FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WATER
Itano, Y., A. Ohmori, and Y. Ohta. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 67,275
Spill cleanup, Adsorption, Patent
A thermoplastic resin containing a foaming agent is melted and
extruded in a way that forms innumerable discontinuous and parallel
cracks along the surface. Further treatment of the material by
heating and rolling forms an oil adsorbent which in tests adsorbed
28 g heavy oil/g adsorbent.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(16): #122450p. 1977.J
C-0073-78
OIL COLLECTOR
Kunitomo, Y., and T. Saida. 1977.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 77 58,089
Spill cleanup, Absorption, Patent, *Plant fiber mat
"Plant fiber laminate in a desired thickness is covered with nets
on both sides, placed with longer fibrous material on one side,
and needle-punched from the other side." The experimental mat
absorbed heavy oil 8.47 gig (0.74 g/ml).
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #141082m. 1977.J
24
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C-0074-78
AQUA DOME CANOPY PUTS THE PROBLEM OF OFFSHORE OIL LEAKS UNDER
COVER
Logan, C.F. 1977.
Offshore 37(11):111-112.
Equipment, Spill cleanup, Spill recovery. Santa Barbara Channel,
*Submerged canopies
The submerged canopy was put into use on the 1969 Santa Barbara
Channel oil spill. Seven years later, 9 of 12 canopies are still
in use. Canopies range from a diameter of about 1 m to 33 m. The
plastic canopy uses the density differential concept to force
floating contaminants to the surface through air lift tubes.
C-0075-78
OIL SPILL CLEANUP IN THE BEAUFORT SEA: ANOTHER VIEWPOINT
Lowthian, J.W. 1977.
Spill Technology Newsletter 2(3):33-52.
Spill cleanup, Spill recovery, Ice, Canada, Beaufort Sea, *Polar
pack ice
In response to an earlier article [O'Rourke, Spill Technology
Newsletter 2(1)] in which an optimistic view of oil spill cleanup
capabilities was presented, this article provides additional
cautionary information about the Arctic environment. An elaborate
and detailed description of the ice pack, the action of oil and its
effects on ice melting, and the probability of success of various
kinds of cleanup methods are presented and critically examined.
C-0076-78
THE CLEANUP OF OIL SPILLS FROM UNPROTECTED WATERS
Milgram, J. 1977.
Oceanus 20(4):86-94.
Oil spills, Spill cleanup, Booms, Skimmers, Pollution prevention,
Legislation
The author categorizes oil spills in 3 ways: chronic, such as at
refineries and ports; intermediate-sized spills in protected waters;
and major spills in unprotected waters. The cleanup of major
spills in open waters is discussed in terms of the dynamics of
cleanup devices and 5 elements crucial to effective cleanup sys-
tems. Recommendations are made for government policy concerning
pollution prevention and research.
25
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C-0077-78
METHOD OF DISPERSING OIL IN WATER
Osborn, P.G., P.F. Nicks, and M.G. Norton. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,996,134
Spill cleanup, Dispersants, Oil slicks, Patent, *Resin
This invention provides an efficient method of dispersing oil
slicks. It comprises contacting the oil and water with an
alkyd resin in which one component of the resin is the residue
of a water-soluble polyalkylene glycol, such as polyethylene
glycol.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(16): #W77-08332.
1977.]
C-0078-78
OIL COLLECTING AGENT FROM OIL SPILL
Takahashi, M., M. Kida, and G. Kondo. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76,147.487
Spill cleanup, Patent, *Collecting agent
The title agent is made of a C8-18 long chain aliphatic primary
amine and a diluent, and is used to collect an oil spill and to
prevent spreading of the oil. The agent is nontoxic to marine
organisms and in the experiments oil was collected in 15 seconds
and remained undiffused after 1 day.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #140853b. 1977.J
C-0079-78
SPREADING, RETENTION AND CLEAN-UP OF OIL SPILLS
Wilson, M.P., Jr. 1976.
Final report, Contract EY-76-S-02-2756. 130 p.
Spill cleanup, Sources, Statistical analysis, Biodegradation,
Dispersions, Pollution prevention
The technology of spill cleanup procedures is reviewed and
assessed and research needs are detailed. Spill sources,
statistical analysis, barrier technology, natural and forced
biodegradation, and natural and chemical dispersion are dis-
cussed. Recommended research includes prevention and cleanup.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(17): #40985. 1977.]
26
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C-0080-78
WHAT ARE WE DOING ABOUT OIL SPIll
Wilson, M.P., Jr. 1976.
Maritimes 20(3):7-9.
Spill cleanup, US, Contingency planning, Pollution prevention
The state of preparedness of the United States for the containment
and cleanup of oil spills is discussed. Methods of cleaning up
spills and their effectiveness are also described.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 15(19): #W77-09553. 1977.]
3.
RESTORATION
C-0081-78
MICROBIOLOGY OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS.
II. NATURAL REHABILITATION AND RECLAMATION OF SOILS AFFECTED
Odu, C.T.I. 1977.
Institute of Petroleum, IP77-002.
Restoration, Soil, Contamination,
Decomposition, *Nigeria
"Results of changes in the percentage contents of crude oil ,
microbial counts, organic C, N, and CIN ratios under natural
rehabilitation over 2 years in an oil contaminated, sandy,
sedimentary well drained soil of the Ogoni area of Nigeria are
presented. II The oil contamination seemed to promote large
increases in microorganisms and CIN ratios. With time, the
petroleum hydrocarbons decomposed; microbial populations and
CIN ratios decreased; and soil organic C and total N increased.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(19): #150787x. 1977.]
21 p. Technical Paper.
Crude oil, Microorganisms,
4.
OIL TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT
C-0082-78
ALASKA OIL (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Audubon 79(5):155-156.
Alaska, Pipelines, Economics, *Accidents
27
-------
The $9 billion Alaska pipeline was beset with problems from
inception to operation. A listing of many of.them is given:
Fiscal waste and sabotage and accidents are clted as the maJor
ones.
C-0083-78
CONCRETE OIL CONTAINMENT RING GUARDS AGAINST DOCKSIDE SPILLS (news
bri ef)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(10):24.
Spill containment, Oil transfer, Pollution prevention, Leakage,
Ports, *Containment ring
A containment ring or "sealer bumper,1I has been designed by Amoco
Pipeline Company. It is a 10 cm (4 in) high concrete barrier
around the dock perimeter, and is permanently bonded to the con-
crete surface of the pier. The main function of the containment
ring is for oil spill containment.
C-0084-78
JAPANESE SYSTEM DEVELOPED FOR TANKER SPILL SIMULATION (product
information)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(9):44-45.
*Computer simulation system, Oil transfer, Tankers, Ballast,
Pollution prevention
A computerized system to simulate loading/discharge operations for
a tanker has been developed by the Japanese steel maker NKK. Trim
control is maintained by regulating cargo oil flow and control of
hull longitudinal strength through regulation of the ballast. Pro-
gramming an accident into the simulation system in a part of the
piping system automatically re-routes the cargo oil flow, and
permits uninterrupted loading/discharge.
C-0085-78
REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF THE TRANSPORTATION OF ALASKAN
NORTH SLOPE CRUDE OIL
Brown, R.D., and R.M. Helfand. 1977.
EPA-600/7-77-046, PB 270 088. 175 p.
Oil transport, Crude oil, Environmental effects, Pipelines, Tankers,
Water quality, Alaska, US, *West coast
The influx of Alaskan and Offshore West Coast oil has created the
need to move the oil which exceeds West Coast demands to other
areas. Proposals for this movement include Canadian and US pipelines,
tanker traffic, and exchanges of oil with foreign countries. The
environmental issues center on impacts affecting air and water
28
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quality. Water pollution impact is contingent upon the risk of oil
spills, probable spill trajectories, and the environmental charac-
teristics of a particular alternative.
C-0086-78
CRUDE OIL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: VALDEZ, ALASKA TO MIDLAND, TEXAS
(AS PREPARED BY SOHIO TRANSPORTATION COMPANY): MAPS
Bureau of Land Management. 1976.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Attachment 1. 102 p.
Oil transport, Crude oil, Alaska, US, Environmental effects, EIS
A series of maps outlining proposed routes for a transcontinental
pipeline to bring Alaskan crude oil to the eastern US is presented.
Geologic and soil hazards, water resources, visual and recreational
resources, and the planned use of the pipeline from 1975-1990 are
presented graphically.
[from Environment Abstracts 7(7/8): #77-03843. 1977.J
C-0087-78
TANKERS IN U.S. WATERS
Stewart, R.J. 1977.
Oceanus 20(4):74-85.
Oil spills, Leakage, Tankers, Statistics, Oil transport, US
This is a discussion of tanker accidents and accidental spills,
and the problem of correctly identifying the potential for
accidents. It is difficult to obtain a detailed accounting of
American and foreign tanker traffic in US waters. Data on spills
is readily available, although there are many errors in coding
the information. A discussion of tanker traffic patterns, port
calls, oil tonnage, spills, and age of tankers leads to an esti-
mation of future oil tanker accidents.
5.
WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS
C-0088-78
LAST STAGES OF REFINERY AIR AND WATER CLEAN-UP ARE
brief)
Anon. 1977.
Oil & Gas Journal 75(44):158, 160.
EXPENSIVE (news
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Cost analysis, Economics,
Water quality
29
-------
A recent study conducted by Concawe indicates that the last stages
of refinery air and effluent cleanup are out of proportion to the
expected improvement. Five hypothetical ref~ner~ c~nfig~rations
of different complexity but the same crude oll-dlstlllatlon capa-
city of 10 million tons/year were selected for the estimates. The
44-page report is available from Concawe, Van Hogenhoucklaan 60,
The Hague 2018, The Netherlands.
C-0089-78
VALDEZ OUTFALL LINE IS EARTHQUAKE-PROOF (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(10):24-25.
Ballast, Pipelines, Alaska Coast, Disposal, Treated effluent
A 120 cm (48-in) diameter polyethylene pipe has been installed to
carry treated ballast water out to sea. Oily seawater ballast
from tankers is pumped ashore at Valdez. After treatment to
remove the oil, the water is returned to sea via the pipeline,
with diffusers about 73 m (242 ft) below the surface. About 95.2
million L (800,000 bbl) of treated effluent can be discharged daily.
C-0090-78
CONTINUOUS PURIFICATION OF PETROLEUM REFINERY EFFLUENTS -- BY
BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION AND AERATION BETWEEN STAGES
(Inventor unknown). 1977.
French Patent 2,313,322
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Activated sludge, Patent
A four-stage activated sludge treatment of petroleum refinery
wastes is described. It consists of a sedimentation phase; a
stage employing equalization, pH adjustment, coagulation, oxida-
tion, and filtration. a biological treatment stage; and a final
stage of tertiary treatment by coagulation/flocculation, fil-
tration, and adsorption on activated carbon.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(19): #W77-09422.
1977.]
C-0091-78
OIL SEPARATOR DEVICE
Baughcom, E.J., and D.C.
U.S. Patent 3,992,297
Oil-water separation, Bilges, Coalescence, Pollution control,
Patent, Equipment
A bilge oil separating system or apparatus includes a float
controlled bilge pump for pumping the oil contaminated bilge
Lee, Sr.
1976.
30
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water from the ship's bilge into a splatter chamber. The oil is
coalesced and moves with the water down into a diffuser and then
into an upward extending channel. Gravitational separation is
effected in the channel and the liquids are then delivered to an
oil-bath water cleaner from which the oil is recovered.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(16): #W77-08015.
1977 .]
3,992,297
OIL SEPARATOR DEVICE
Elisha J. Baughcom, Rle. 1. Box 15A, !IIe"inglon, Ga. 30446.
and Danid C. Lee, Sr.. 223 La"lon AH., Sa, annah, Ga.
31404
Filed Feb. 18, 1976, Sr':. No. 659.109
In!. CI.' BOlD 21/24; 8030 ;/00
V.S. CI. 210-104
20 Claims
If' I:t ""'--;:;ck2 nl-'~
" . "'k-_L ..'" .....,.,- .-
11 ~'-~" ~:.;:~;:.;>,---.,~ I
I! {"" ,- \ 'ht ~',.
rL!~:~ ,<'~:,~ ;,--- ~.--=;-;~=~.rt '~- ; ,;:£:
H ,~~~~-- ~-~ -j fl- ,,:1
~~ .,'J "~ .'--/~' :'~'~~J-=--- ~:p-~~:~ .J Jl
'~1,u;--=,,~-h-==2H-~' " : 1
,,} f'( ~! ( c'-r ~ ( ~ c: ~ 8 ~~_. ~ .- - '1 j I
~.~V~ ~~-....~~ - . - 'n:
j .' --,:.. ' .. i ~ "" 'K-\1
i<~:_~~~=::?~<~L~;
C-0092-78
TREATMENT OF USED OIL
Brompton, P.A. 1977.
British Patent 1,471,169
Waste oil treatment, Fuel oil, Incineration, Patent
"Discarded waste oil, e.g. from automobile transmissions,
gearboxes or sumps, was efficiently burned by mixing with clean
light fuel oil in ~ 1:2 ratio. The preferred fuel oil had 35 s
Redwood vi scos ity . II
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(16): #120430h. 1977.]
31
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C-0093-78
TEST OF A BIODEGRADABLE DEMULSIFIER IN THE ELECTRODESALTING UNIT
AT THE MOSCOW PETROLEUM REFINERY
Bulatnikov, V.V., D.N. Levchenko, A.T. Sereda, and V.S. Ratush.
1976.
International Chemical Engineering 16(3):447-448.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Surfactants, Contamination, USSR,
*Demulsifier
An 80% biodegradable demulsifer (OMK) was developed to reduce the
level of waste water contamination by surfactants. Use of the OMK
demulsifier results in the same degree of crude oil desalting as
is obtained with other demulsifiers, but gives much less contam-
ination of the waste water and lower corrosion rates.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 12(1): #2444.
1977.]
C-0094-78
THE USE AND PERFORMANCE OF INTERCEPTORS
Chappell, T.J., and T.W. Gray. 1977.
The Separation of Oil from Water for North Sea Operations.
Edinburgh, UK, Institute of Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt
University, 1977. p. 69-91. Proceedings of Seminar, June 22-23,
1976.
Production, Refineries, Oil-water separation, Gravity separation,
*Oil interceptors
Oil interceptors are generally gravity separators for removing oil
globules from wastewaters in oil production and refinery opera-
tions. Shell has designed a new plate collector concept which
is discussed for both onshore and offshore applications.
C-0095-78
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID WASTE
Creusot-Loire Ateliers des Charmilles S.A. 1977.
Belgian Patent 844,243
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Incineration, Fuel oil, Patent
Oily refinery effluents and other oily wastewaters and oil-water
emulsions are preheated and then combusted in a burner with a
jet nozzle. The combustion is assisted by burning a light fuel
through an adjacent jet nozzle.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14): #106565z. 1977.]
32
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C-0096-78
REDUCTION OF WATER CONSUMPTION AND IMPROVEMENT IN WASTE WATER
PURIFICATION AT THE UFA PETROLEUM REFINERY [in Russian]
Dautov, F.M. 1977.
Neftepererabotka i Neftekhimiya (Moscow) No. 4:11-13.
Wastewater treatment, Sludge, Refineries, Incineration, USSR,
*Waste purification
The water consumption and waste effluents of a refinery at Ufa,
USSR, were reduced significantly by use of air cooled condensers,
installation of a series of wastewater purification systems, and
reconstruction of a petroleum-sludge incineration unit.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(16): #122336f. 1977,]
C-0097-78
TREATMENT OF OIL REFINERY WASTEWATERS WITH GRANULAR AND POWDERED
ACTIVATED CARBON
DeJohn, P.B., and A.D. Adams. 1975.
Purdue University Industrial Waste Conference, 30th, Lafayette,
Indiana, 1975. p. 216-232.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, *Granular Carbon, *Powdered
Carbon
Imperial Chemical Industries U.S., Inc., have conducted pilot and
full scale studies to demonstrate that refinery wastes can be
successfully treated with granular carbon in columns or powdered
carbon in activated sludge. Lignite carbons perform better than
bituminous coal carbon when treating refinery wastes containing
large molecules, but virgin bituminous coal carbons perform better
than virgin lignite carbons when treating wastes containing pre-
dominantly small molecules.
[from Environment Abstracts 7(7/8): #77-04110. 1977.]
C-0098-78
MOBIL OIL REFINERY AT WILHELMSHAVEN
Ehrenhauss, K.M. 1976.
Erdoel & Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie
29(10):449-452.
Refineries, Environmental protection, Pollution prevention,
Equipment
Planning, site selection, and construction of this year-old 8
million tons/yr Mobil refinery are discussed. Product range,
processing units, tank storage, and auxiliary facilities are also
covered. The refinery's environmental protection measures and
anti-pollution equipment are briefly described.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(18): #42579. 1977.]
[in German]
vereinigt mit Brennstoffchemie
33
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C-0099-78
REMOVAL OF OIL AND GREASE FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS
Ford, D.L., and R.L. Elton. 1977.
Chemical Engineering 17(84):49-56.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Waste oil treatment,
Industries, *Treatment processes
The current treatment technology used for oil and grease removal,
and examples of treatment efficiency and typical effluent quality
are presented. Processes discus~ed include gr~vity separ~tion,
air flotation, chemical coagulatlon, flocculatlon and sedlmenta-
tion, biological treatment, filtration and coalescence. Membrane
processes are also mentioned but are not yet demonstrated as
practical.
C-0100-78
OXYGEN TRANSFER IN MECHANICALLY AGITATED AQUEOUS SYSTEMS CONTAINING
DISPERSED HYDROCARBON
Hassan, I.T.M., and C.W. Robison. 1977.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19(5):661-682.
Hydrocarbons, *Oxygen transfer, Dispersions, *Industrial fermen-
tations
"The effect of dispersed n-dodecane or n-hexadecane on the air-
to-aqueous phase overall volumetric O2 transfer coefficient in a
simulated (cell-free) stirred-tank fermentor is described....
Depending on the combination of hydrocarbon type and volume frac-
tion and the aqueous-phase ionic strength employed, the dispersed
hydrocarbon may, in some cases, reduce the rate of O2 transfer and
in others enhance it relative to that of the corresponding oil-free
gas-liquid dispersion. Enhancement of the air-to-aqueous transfer
rate by such negative spreading coefficient hydrocarbons was not
reported previously. [This study may be important in many indus-
trial fermentations and aerobic biological waste treatment
processes.]"
[from Biological Abstracts 64(4): #20405. 1977.]
C-0101-78
ONSHORE EXPERIENCE -- PHILLIPS PETROLEUM COMPANY TEESSIDE OPERATIONS
Henricksen, H.B. 1977.
The Separation of Oil from Water for North Sea Operations.
Edinburgh, UK, Institute of Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt
University. 1977. p. 104-112. Proceedings of Seminar June 22-23,
1976.
Oil terminal, Wastewater treatment, Ballast, Equipment, North Sea
The effluent plant at the Teesside oil terminal is described in
detail. Ballast water from tankers constitutes about 80% of the
wastewater treated.
34
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C-0102-78
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE TECHNIQUES OF WASTE OIL
TREATMENT
Hockenberry. H.R., and J.E. Lieser. 1977.
Lubrication Engineering 33(5):247-251.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Ultrafiltration, *Membrane
techniques
Pilot studies investigated treatment of oily waste water with
ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. Modified acetate and similar
compounds were used as ultrafiltration membranes; reverse osmosis
membranes were made of organic materials treated to become semi-
permeable. Both systems had tubular membrane construction. The
basic theory of both processes was presented.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(19): #W77-09418.
1977-]
C-0103-78
HEAVY METALS IN EFFLUENTS FROM OIL REFINERIES
Huber, L. 1977.
Erdoel, Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie 30(6):276.
Wastewater, Refineries, Chemical analysis, *Heavy metals
Heavy metals in refinery effluents are derived primarily from the
crude oil, from refinery and waste treatment processes, and from
corrosion materials and corrosion inhibitors. Removal methods
include chemical precipitation and biological sorption during
activated sludge treatment.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14): #106449q. 1977.]
C-0104-78
APPARATUS FOR THE CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF THE OIL CONCENTRATION
IN OIL-CONTAINING LIQUIDS
Iwamoto, M., and T. Nomura. 1977-
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,701,075
Analytical techniques, Monitoring, Wastewater treatment,
Residual oils, Recycling, Patent, *Infrared analyzer
Oily wastewaters are treated with Freon or CC14, filtered, and the
oil is passed to an infrared analyzer. Residual oil-solvent-water
mixtures are further treated and filtered and the oil is recovered
for recycling.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14): #106563x. 1977=]
35
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C-0105-78
PUMP-FILTER FOR BILGE WATER
Jakubek, P., and K. Biswanger. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,996,136
Bilges, Oil-water separation, Filtration, Patent, Equipment
Bilge water is fed into a separation chamber in the bottom of a
two-part housing where it undergoes preseparation so that the
liquid pollutant rises to the top. The liquid is pumped vertically
down in the compensation chamber through a filter and is then with-
drawn in a highly pure state.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(16): #W77-08261.
1977 . ]
U.S. CI. 210-86
7 Claims
..,
IOJ ' Uf 11
115'~~ ~
'DO. ~~:~$$~t.";.;,dH -
3,996,\36
PUMP.FIL TER FOR BILGE WATER
Peter Jakubek, 48,IIeinrich Collinstnsse, A.1140 Vienna, and
Karl Diswanger, Scboltenfcldgasse 77, A.1070 Vienna, both
of Austria
Contlnuation.in.part of Ser. No. 342,252, March 16, 1972,
Pat. No. 3,852,193. This application Dec. 4, 1974, Ser. No.
528,938
Claims priority, application France, Nov. 15, 1974,
74.37724
Int. CI.' BOlD 35/00
"7
*0'" - N'
,._, --.I
,
C-0106-78
REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM WASTE WATERS BY FLOTATION [in
Russian]
Kuznetsov, V.N., V.V. Borovkov, and A.N. Balaskov. 1977.
Khimicheskaya Promyshlennost (Moscow) No. 7:508-509.
Wastewater treatment, Petroleum products, Flotation
A.three-st~ge flotation process is described which consists of
alr flotatlon, followed by electroflotation with Hand 0
respecti vely. '
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14): #106472s. 1977.]
36
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C-0107-78
WASTE WATER BASE DRILLING FLUID DISPOSAL
Louden, L.R., and R.E. McGlothlin. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operations,
Houston, 1975. p. 515-522. Proceedings.
Wastewater treatment, Drilling, Disposal, *Mud solidification
process
A mud solidification process is described which converts oil well
drilling waste fluids into a nontoxic material that is environ-
mentally acceptable for disposal. The process is based on con-
trollable reactions between soluble silicates and silicate setting
agents, which can be used to solidify drilling muds and cuttings.
C-0108-78
AIR FLOTATION OF OILY WASTE WATERS WITH ORGANIC COAGULANTS
Luthy, R.G. 1976.
PhD Thesis, University Microfilms, Inc., Order No. 77-4519. 181 p.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Flocculation, Flotation,
*Coagulation
An attempt was made to identify the conditions for removing
emulsified oil from refinery wastewaters by using organic coagu-
lants. The emulsion properties affecting oil droplet flocculation
and flotation were also studied.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(16): #W77-08282.
1977.]
C-0109-78
STRATEGY OF POLLUTION CONTROL
MacBerthouex, P., and D.F. Rudd. 1977.
New York, Wiley. 1977. 579 p.
Wastewater treatment, Solid wastes, Industries, Pollution control,
Cost analysis.
This book explains present technology and treatment processes
available for handling industrial wastes. Although all aspects of
environmental engineering are covered -- air, water, solid waste
-- the emphasis is on water pollution control. Background infor-
mation on the environment and specific pollutants is presented,
followed by a discussion of individual processes and integrated
physical and chemical treatment systems. The last chapter addresses
institutional problems and cost-benefit analyses which influence
environmental decision-making.
[from Chemical Engineering 84(11):13-14. 1977.]
37
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C-0110-78
CARBON TREATMENT OF OTTO FUEL WASTEWATER -- A LABORATORY STUDY
Mastroianni, J.E., and W.F. Newton. 1977.
Final Report No. NSWC/WOL/MP-77-7. (1 Jul 72-30 Jun 73). 24 p.
Wastewater treatment, Fuel oil, Adsorption, Incineration,
*Activated carbon, *Otto fuel
Otto fuel can be effectively removed from water by activated carbon.
Preliminary tests using Filtrasorb 400 show a carbon cost of 0.5~/L
(1.8~/gal) of wastewater treated compared to 11~/L (43~/gal) for
disposal by incineration. A future report will investigate a
prototype wastewater system which uses a carbon adsorption stage.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(18): #AD-A040 986/2GA.
1977 .]
C-0111-78
RESOLVING OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS BY THE USE OF A CATIONIC POLYMER
AND THE WATER SOLUBLE SALT OF AN AMPHOTERIC METAL
Mauceri, F.A. 1977.
U.S. Patent 4,026,794
Emulsions, Flocculation, Oil-water separation, Patent
"Wastewater containing 1.0-100,000 ppm oil is treated by adding
to the wastewater (pH < 10) 2.0-20,000 ppm of an aqueous compo-
sition containing 15-50% of a water-soluble salt of an amphoteric
metal and 1.0-15% of a 10-60:5-40:5-70 acrylamide-diallyldimethyl=
ammonium chloride-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone copolymer (mol. wt. 5000-
300,000), thereby forming a floc cont.aining the oil."
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(16): #122474z. 1977~]
C-0112-78
RECOVERY OF OIL FROM REFINERY SLUDGES BY STEAM DISTILLATION
McCoy, D.E. 1977.
U.S. Patent 4,014,780
Sludge, Oil-water separation, Reclamation, Refineries, Patent
Petroleum refinery sludges are deoiled and dewatered by a process
that involves contacting the sludge with super-heated steam to
effect separation into dry oil free solids and an oil-water vapor
phase. Upon cooling, the vapor phase condenses into an oil-water
mixture which is separated and yields oil useful as a cracking
stock.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14): #104378s. 1977.]
38
-------
4,014,780
RECOVERY OF OIL FROM REFINERY SLUDGES BY
STEAM DISTILLATION
Drew E. McCo}', :'Iiederland. Tex., assignor 10 Tn-aro Inc., New
York. N.Y.
Filed Apr. 14, 1975, Ser. No. 567,585
Inl. CJ.2 ClOG 31/08
u.s. CI. 20tl-13
5 Claims
0"
, I
! I
II
, I
I
I. WArCR )
L__~___----------~
C-O 113- 78
DISPOSAL OF DRILLING FLUIDS AND DRILLED-UP SOLIDS IN OFFSHORE
DRILLING OPERATIONS
McGuire, W.J. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operations,
Houston, 1975. p. 523-530. Proceedings.
Wastewaters, Offshore drilling, Disposal, Pollution prevention,
*Oily drill cuttings
Whenever possible, water-based drilling muds are used in offshore
applications. When use of oil-base muds is necessary, the cuttings
must either be transported to shore for storage, reclamation of
the oil, and disposal of solids, or the cuttings are treated by
incineration or washing with surfactants before offshore disposal.
C-0114-78
HANDLING AND TREATMENT OF OIL-BASE DRILLING MUDS
McMordie, W.C., Jr. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operations,
Houston, 1975. p. 505-513. Proceedings.
Drilling, Solid wastes, Disposal, *Oil base drilling muds,
*Dri 11 cutti ngs
Oil-based drilling muds contain diesel oil, inorganic solids,
surfactants, asphalt, and water. Their disposal is problematic
because an oily coating remains on the drill cuttings. Treatment
of such cuttings to assure environmentally safe disposal includes
1.) containerizing all cuttings and returning to mud plant for
authorized disposal; 2.) washing the cuttings with surfactants;
and 3.) incinerating the cuttings to remove all hydrocarbons.
39
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C-0115-78
A STUDY OF THE FORMATION OF UNPUMPABLE RESIDUES OF CRUDE OIL ON
TANKERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PREVENTING MARINE POLLUTION
Nunuparov, S.M. 1977.
Marine Technology Society
Crude oil, Residual oils,
Pollution prevention
The research reported here aims at preventing marine pollution
by developing a universal criterion for an objective estimation
of the quantity of declared residues in slop tanks which are to
be disposed of by tankers. The adhesiveness of various crude
oils to models of inner tank surfaces was studied, and variables
included design characteristics of various tankers, the spatial
orientation of wet surfaces, and the typical corroded condition
of tanks. After mathematical analysis, methods are recommended
for estimating the anticipated volumes of crude oil residues in
tankers relative to operating conditions, and for optimizing
tank washing procedures with reduced ship energy expenditure.
Journal 11(3):9-17.
Waste oil disposal, Tankers, Oil tanks,
C-0116-78
SLUDGE REMOVAL
Ogura, Y., and Y. Mizuno. 1977.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 77 72,369
Oil tanks, Sludge, Crude oil, Patent, *Sludge removal
Crude oil containing polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether-
formaldehyde condensate and dioctyl sulfosuccinate was used to
dissolve sludge accumulated on the crude oil tank bottom.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #140850y. 1977.J
C-0117-78
REMOVAL OF TARS AND OILS FROM WASTE WATERS IN RADIAL SETTLING
TANKS [in RussianJ
Pimenov, J.V., E.K. Derbysheva, L.A. Kopytova, and V.M. Kagasov.
1977 .
Koks i Khimiya No. 4:49-57.
Wastewater treatment, Tar, Waste oil, Biological treatment,
*Radial clarifiers
"The operation of radial clarifiers used in the first stage of
biochemical purification of wastewaters depends on the concen-
tration and dispersion of the tar and oil particles."
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14): #106422a. 1977-J
40
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C-0118-78
REMOVAL OF OILS AND RESINS FROM WASTE WATERS
Priva1ov, V.E., E.I. Vail, G.I. Papkov, V.Z.
USSR Patent 452,185
Wastewater treatment, Adsorption, Patent
Oils and resins in wastewater were effectively adsorbed by coal
dust treated with organosilicones.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14): #106559a. 1977.]
Or1ova, et a1.
1977 .
--
C-0119-78
DISCHARGE OF OILY t~ASTE WATER FROM THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS
ON THE NORWEGIAN CONTINENTAL SHELF
Schreiner, O. 1977.
The Separation of Oil from Water for North Sea Operations.
Edinburgh, UK, Institute of Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt
University, 1977. p. 113-122. Proceedings of Seminar, June 22-23,
1976.
OCS, Oil discharges, Wastewater treatment, Offshore production,
Environmental protection, Regulations, North Sea
Soon, 8 or 9 offshore oil fields will be in full production in the
North Sea, and the discharge of oily wastes into the North Sea will
increase. Realistic systems are being designed for use so that
the marine environment will receive minimal damage from oily waste-
water. Environmental regulations are outlined and discussed.
C-0120-78
OIL REMOVING APPARATUS
Seo, M. 1977.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent
Wastewater treatment, Adsorption,
Equipment
The apparatus consists basically of a vessel containing at the
base a layer of activated carbon, which is overlain by several
laminated filters made from oil adsorbent material. Oily waste-
water is introduced at the top of the vessel.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14): #106570n. 1977.]
application) 77 59,072
Design-engineering, Patent,
41
-------
C-0121-78
THE TOXICITY OF DRILLING FLUIDS, THEIR TESTING AND DISPOSAL
Shaw, D.R. 1975. .
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operatlons,
Houston, 1975. p. 463-471. Proceedi ngs.
Drilling, Toxicity, Disposal, Oil industry, Guidelines,
Wastewaters, *Drilling fluids
The more than 600 components and combinations of chemicals that
comprise oil well drilling fluids can be quite toxic to plant
and animal life, and their possible synergestic effects are
largely unknown. For these reasons, guidelines and standards
for the environmentally safe disposal of drilling fluids are out-
lined, and suggestions to ensure cooperation between private
industry and government agencies are presented.
C-0122-78
COMMUNITY METABOLISM IN A REFINERY HOLDING POND
Se i gal, B.A., and R .C. Harrel. 1976.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 48(10):2249-2258.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Metabolism, Toxicity. *Holding
pond
Physico-chemical and diurnal oxygen curve methods were used to
analyze the properties of community metabolism of a Texas oil
refinery holding pond. It was found that waste toxicity could
be lowered by aerating untreated wastes before lagooning.
Sulfides and excessive algae could be removed by deepening,
baffling, and construction of a polishing pond.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 12(1): #2452.
1977. ]
C-0123-78
REGULATIONS OF ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE OIL FIELD WASTE DISPOSAL
Smith, J.E. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling
Operations, Houston, 1975. p. 579-584. Proceedings.
Drilling, ~~aste oil disposal, Oil spills, Regulations, State
governments, Texas
The Texas Railroad Commission, a state agency, is responsible
for waste disposal including wastes from oil and gas operations
on state lands and state waters. The exercise of these respon-
sibilities is authorized by general statutes, statewide rules
and special orders. '
42
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C-0124-78
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE FLUIDS FROM ONSHORE DRILLING SITES
Specken, G.A. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operations,
Houston, 1975. p. 451-462. Proceedings.
Drilling, Wastewater treatment, Sludge, Disposal, Cost analysis
Onshore oil/gas drilling necessitates the safe storage and disposal
of up to 100,000 barrels of waste fluids of various compositions.
A process is described whereby the liquid drilling wastes are
treated at the drill site to yield environmentally acceptable
wastewaters and sludges that can be safely buried or disposed of.
Cost analyses indicate that the process is cost-effective.
C-0125-78
TREATMENT OF EMULSION-TYPE WASTEWATER WITH SULFURIC ACID PITCH
Takaoka, S. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76,145,163
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Patent, *Sulfuric acid pitch
"Acid pitch from waste oil treatment with H2S04 is used for
wastewater treatment in oil-in-water or water-in-oil-type emul-
sion form.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(16):
#12246lt.
1977 .]
C-0126-78
TREATMENT OF OILY \~ATER WITH ACTIVATED CARBON [English summary]
Tatsumoto, H., and M. Kitagawa. 1976.
Sekiyu Gakkai Shi 19(3):230-233.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Detection, Absorption,
*Activated carbon
The successful use of activated carbon in detecting and
absorbing trace quantities of oil in refinery wastewaters is
described. Optimal absorption occurs at pH 6-8.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(16): #122421e. 1977.]
C-0127-78
ADSORBENT FOR EMULSIFIED OIL
Toda, K., Y. Takahashi, S. Amagi, and Y. Iwata. 1977.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 77 68,091
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Adsorption, Patent
"At least 1 of MgO, Mg(OHh, and MgC03 (av. diam. 2-100~),
optimally activated C, are loaded on a natural or synthetic
polymer. Thus, acrylic fiber (3 denier 70 mm long) was soaked
43
-------
in ethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion adhesive, centrifuged, dusted
with MgO (1~). dried 5 h at 80°, and packed in a column. A
car-washing machine effluent containing 37 ppm.oil and 8.4 p~m II
nonion surfactact, was treated and water conta1ned 8.5 ppm 011.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #140810k. 1977.J
C-0128-78
REMOVAL OF EMULSIFIED OIL
Toda, K., S. Amagi, and Y. Iwata. 1977.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 77 68,090
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Surfactants, Patent
IIAn emulsified oil is stirred with a solution containing 2:.1 of
MgO, Mg(OH)2, and MgC03 of average diameter ~100~. Thus waste-
water from a car-washing machine containing oil 35, nonionic
surfactants 8, and anionic surfactants 3 ppm was mixed with 0.1 g
~ 50~ size MgO/L wastewater and settled 2 h to contain 7 ppm oil
vs. 20.5 ppm with activated C.II
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #140811m. 1977.]
C-0129-78
THE USE AND PERFORMANCE OF GAS FLOTATION SYSTEMS
Turner, D. L. 1977.
The Separation of Oil from Water for North Sea Operations.
Edinburgh, UK, Institute of Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt
University, 1977. p. 92-103. Proceedings of Seminar, June 22-23,
1976.
Wastewater treatment, Flotation, Oil-water separation, Ballast,
Refineries
Gas flotation is a common technique used to treat oily wastewater
effluent. The process unites gas bubbles with solids to achieve
a reduction in the combined specific gravity, which accelerates
oil-water separation. The two processes in use, Dissolved Gas and
Dispersed Gas flotation, are discussed.
C-0130-78
WASTE OIL-TREATING AGENTS
Ueda, S. 1977.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 77 49,203
Lubricating oils, Waste oil treatment, Patent
A purification method for waste lubricating oils was developed
by using hydroxycarboxylic acid ethanolamine esters having pH
5.5-8, obtained by condensing C2-10 hydroxycarboxylic acids with
ethanolamines. Experimental waste automobile lubricating oil
44
-------
containing residual C 1.26, water 0.05, ash 0.48, and S 1.19% had
those levels reduced to residual C 0.39, water 0, ash 0.10, and
S 0.74%.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18):
#138488t.
1977 .]
C-0131-78
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TREATMENT PROCESS FOR THE LIQUID WASTES OF
A LARGE REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICALS COMPLEX
Vandyke, K.G. 1977.
Proceedings of the Effluent and Water Treatment Convention, 1976.
Vinall, H. (ed.). Birmingham, England, Brintex Exhibitions Ltd.,
1977. 10 p. (Paper No.5).
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Petrochemicals, Flocculation,
Flotation, Activated sludge
A communal water treatment process is used by plants in a large
refinery and petrochemicals complex. A summary is presented of
the pretreatment, flocculation, flotation, and activated-sludge
processes. Final standards of effluents include 5 mg/L oil.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #140662p. 1977.]
6.
OIL-WATER SEPARATION
C-0132-78
OIL-WATER SEPARATOR HELPS AVOID ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION FROM
OIL SPILLS (product information)
Anon. 1977.
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology 16(3):129.
Oil-water separation, Oil spills, Hydrocarbons, Gravity separation,
Equipment
An oil-water separator, using a gravity displacement separator,
is described. The product has baffles and separation chamber
but no moving parts. For more information contact Enquip, Inc.,
PO Box 50349, Tulsa, OK 74150.
45
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C-0133-78
SEPARATOR PREVENTS POLLUTION (product
Anon. 1977.
Oil & Gas Journal 75(48):161.
Oil-water separation, Wastewater treatment, Design-engineering,
Gravity separation, Equipment
Enquip, Inc., is marketing a gravity displacement-type oil-water
separator. Its separation chamber and baffle arrangement allow
it to operate under a wide range of oil-water mixtures and flow
rates. The equipment has no components that are mechanically
operated or need to be adjusted. The separator is available from
Enquip, Inc., Box 50349, Tulsa, OK 74150.
information)
C-0134-78
THE REMOVAL OF EMULSIFIED OIL PARTICLES FROM WATER BY FLOTATION
Angelidou, C., E. Keshavarz, M.J. Richardson, and G.J. Jameson.
1977.
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Process Design and
Development 16(4):436-441.
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Flotation, Surfactants, Seawater
The flotation of the emulsified oil particles of two oils (a cutting
oil or machining lubricant, and white spirit, a petroleum-based
turpentine substitute) suspended in low concentrations of water
was studied. Various cationic surfactants were used for th~
separation in the flotation cell which was operated batchwise
with an external total recycle. The rate of flotation in water
increased with the addition of surfactant and decreased in the
presence of sea salt.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #140709j. 1977.]
C-0135-78
THE SEPARATION OF OIL FROM WATER FOR NORTH SEA OPERATIONS
Department of the Environment. 1976.
London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1976. 29 p. (Pollution
Paper No.6).
Oil-water separation, Environmental effects, Crude oil, Oil
discharges, Wastewater treatment, UK, North Sea
Increased oil pollution problems are expected from expanding
offshore production in the North Sea. This report describes oily
water discharges which are likely to occur and discusses their
environmental impact. Current methods of separating oil from
wastewaters are given and guidelines are proposed for achieving
acceptable levels of oily water discharges.
46
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C-0136-78
REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM AQUEOUS EMULSIONS BY AERATION
WITH COMPRESSED AIR [English summary]
Grunwald, A. 1976.
Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, Technologie
Vody F20:23-52.
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Petroleum products, Fuels,
Lubricating oil, Hydrocarbons, *Aeration
Aeration with compressed air was tested for removing petroleum
products from aqueous emulsions and found to be effective in
removing those composed partially or entirely of volatile hydro-
carbons. In a sample aeration test of products including
automotive and jet gasoline, kerosine, diesel fuel, fuel oil,
and transmission oil, the automobile gasoline was removed with
100% efficiency compared to 0.006% for the transmission oil. The
transmission oil contained the lowest amount of volatile
hydrocarbons of the products tested.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(16): #120090x. 1977.J
(-0137-78
METHOD OF FILTERING OIL
Hirs, G. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,992,291
Oil-water separation, Wastewater treatment, Filtration,
Patent
FROM LIQUIDS
The contaminated liquid is passed through a bed of granulated black
walnut shells which have a relatively weak affinity for oil. The
suspended oil is coalesced during flow through the filter bed to
form globular oil particles that can be entrapped in the inter-
stices of the filter bed. The bed is rejuvenated by flowing
backwash liquid through to provide a high velocity scrubbing to
free the accumulated oil from the bed. The bed is reformed and
the filtration cycle is repeated.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(16): #W77-08011.
1977.]
(-0138-78
THE SEPARATION OF OIL FROM WATER FOR NORTH SEA OPERATIONS
Institute of Offshore Engineering. 1977.
Edinburgh, UK, Institute of Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt
University, 1977. 124 p. Proceedings of Seminar, June 22-23,
1976.
Oil-water separation, Refineries, Offshore production, Wastewater
treatment, Design-engineering, Disposal, Environmental effects,
Monitoring
47
-------
Presented are 9 technical papers that were given at the title
seminar, and a summary of the formal discussions during the
meetings. Topics covered include the performance of currently
available oil/water separation systems, the practicability of
monitoring oily water discharge from such systems, and the current
understanding of the likely environmental effects of such dis-
charges.
C-0139-78
REFINERY OIL/WATER SEPARATION EQUIPMENT AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Kirkup, W.M. 1977.
Filtration and Separation 14(3):259-262, 264, 266.
Oil-water separation, Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Filtration,
Gravity separation, Flotation, Equipment
Equipment used in wastewater treatment at petroleum refineries
includes plate separators, sand filters, rotary vacuum filters,
hay filters, gravity separators, and dissolved air flotation
units.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18):
#140649q.
1977.J
C-0140-78
REMOVAL OF OIL FROM AQUEOUS EMULSIONS
Negi, Y., Y. Shimizu, and Y. Yamauchi. 1977.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 77 73,175
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Adsorption, Patent, *Synthetic
fibers
1I0il emulsified in water was removed by stirring with synthetic
pulp (fiber length <20mm) from 60:40 pOly=propylene-polyethylene
blend in the presence of polyaluminum chloride, A12(S04)2,
Fe(S04)3, polyethylenimine, dialkyl-dimethylammonium chloride-S02
copolymer, or poly(vinyl=pyridine)-HCl.lI
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(16): #122496h. 1977.]
C-0141-78
TREATMENT OF OIL-CONTAINING WASTEWATER
Nishikaji, T., O. Kamada, and K. Fukazawa. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76,149,171
Oil-water separation, Wastewater treatment, Flotation, Dispersions,
Emulsions, Patent
A method for treating oil dispersions or emulsions is described.
First flotation is used in the oil-water separation where a water-
soluble polyvalent metal salt is added to an oily wastewater.
48
-------
Then after removal of the floating matter, the salt is
by addition of a precipitating agent to the water.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #140785f. 1977~]
precipitated
C-0142-78
ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTROSTATIC OIL WATER SEPARATION
Oros, R.G. 1977.
U.S. Patent 4,033,851
Oil-water separation, Patent, *Electrostatic separation, Equipment
The title apparatus consists of a treatment tank with an inlet
for the untreated mixture, and separate oil and water outlets
situated above and below the inlet, respectively. Pairs of
electrodes of different length and voltage potentials are sus-
pended in the tank, which sense the different conductivities of
oil and water. When the conductivity reaches a certain predeter-
mined value, the water outlet is opened.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(16): #122489h. 1977.]
4,033,851
A.C. HYDROELECTROST A TIC PRECIPITATOR
Richard G. Oros, Grand Rapids, Mich., assignor to C&O
Railroad Company, Cleveland, Ohio and B&O Railroad
CO!TIpany, Ba!timore, Md.
Continuation of Ser. No. 450,215, Marc!! 11,1974,
abandoned. This appHcation June 25, 1976, Ser. No. 699,969
Int. CI.' ClOG 33/02
U.S. CI. 204-302
7 Claims
C-0143-78
METHOD FOR THE NON-MECHANICAL CONVEYING OF A COLLECTED QUANTITY
OF LIQUID AND APPARATUS FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF THE METHOD
Perren, B. 1977.
U.S. Patent 4,022,687
Oil-water separation, Spill cleanup, Gravity separation, Patent
A method for removing an oil spill from water is described. The
main feature is a liquid with a specific gravity greater than that
of oil. It flows under the oil, but on top of the water, making
cleanup easier than conventional methods.
49
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4,022,687
METHOD FOR THE NON.MF:CHA~ICAL CONVEYING
OF A COLLECTED QUANTITY OF LIQCID AND
APPARATUS FOR THE PERFOR:\IAJ"iCE OF THE
METHOD
Benno Perren, Austras.se 33, 5430 Wettingen, Switzerland
Filed Mar. 21, 1975, Ser. No. 560,683
Claims priority, application Switzerland, ~lar. 28, 1974,
438:1/74
4
U.S. CI. 210-65
5 Claims
, 1 T 3
-~-_fu--
InL CI.2 E028 J 5/04
-- --
C-0144-78
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING EMULSIONS
Wikholm, K.O. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,556,347
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Patent, Equipment
An oil-water emulsion can be separated by introducing it under
slow laminar flow conditions at the interface of an oil and
water layer. Optimal demulsification occurs if the temperature
of the emulsion is slightly higher than that of the water and
oil 1 ayer.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(10): #72944e. 1977.J
C-0145-78
GRAVITATIONAL SEPARATOR FOR MIXTURES OF I~1MISCIBLE LIQUIDS OF
DIFFERENT DENSITIES
Wright, D.A., and C.H. Walters
U.S. Patent 4,032,444
Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Gravity separation, Design-
engineering, Patent, Equipment
Oil and water are separated by means of a dome-like diaphragm
which floats in the oil water mixture, and a balance means, which
senses and signals the accumulation of a predetermined amount of
oil. When the signal is activated, means are provided to coalesce
and remove the oi1 from the area of accumulation.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(10): #70234z. 1977.J
50
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u.s. CI. 210-86
11 Claims
4,032,444
GRAVITATIONAL SEPARATOR FOR MIXTURES OF
IMMISCIBLE LIQl'IDS OF DIFFERENT DENSITIES
David A. Wright, and Chester H. Walters, both of St. Louis,
Mo., assignors to National Marine Service, Inc" St. Louis,
Mo,
Filed Aug. 29, 1975, Ser. No. 608,905
Int. C\.' BOlD 17/02
-0"
~. -.
lOtE-~~~~~=ft~~-=-~= :y:/
!!f~~=nO~I~~~=~~~j
:~=~ ==:= J~ 1-= =--~~ -:--=. ~ ~. Jj
J4~~;~;_k~
C-0146-78
SEPARATION OF FREE OIL FOLLOWING COALESCENCE
Wu, C.-C.J., R.S. Schechter, J.F. Malina, Jr., and E.F. Gloyna.
1977 .
Texas University at Austin, Center for Research in Water Resources,
Technical Report CRWR-143. 116p.
Oil-water separation, Coalescence
Six separators were evaluated with emphasis on oil removel
efficiency and head loss. Experimental results indicated that
the Model I separator effectively removed oil from water under
low flow rate conditions, and the Model VI separator was more
successful under high flow rates. Ninety-eight percent oil
removal was achieved.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(5):
#77-04443.
1977. J
7.
RECLAMATION AND REUSE
C-0147-78
A MODEL USED OIL RECYCLING ACT
Irwin, W.A. 1976.
Washington, D.C., Environmental Law Institute, 1976. 12 p.
Recycling, Waste oil, t10dels, Legislation, Environmental
protection
51
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At present, half of the more than 3.79 billion L (1 billion gal)
of used oil generated annually in the U.S. is lost from a resource
recovery point of view. Increased collection and recycling would
contribute to energy conservation and environmental protection
efforts. This pamphlet contains a model bill, with commentary,
designed for state and local governments interested in adopting
programs for recycling used oil.
[from Energy Review 21:12. 1977.]
C-0148-78
REGENERATION OF USED LUBRICATING OILS:
French]
Rollin, A.L. 1976.
Impact des Projets sur l'Environnement,
1976. Montreal, Association Quebecoise
1976. 18 p. (Paper No. 21.).
Lubricating oil, Waste oil, Reclamation
"A review with 7 references."
REPORT AND IMPORTANCE [in
Congres AQTE, 14th, Montreal,
des Techniques de L1eau,
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14):
#104010r.
1977 .]
8.
PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EDUCATION
C-0149-78
HOW TO CONTROL BLOWOUTS IN UNDERBALANCED DRILLING
Grace, B. 1977.
Petroleum Engineer 49(10):64, 66, 72, 74.
Personnel training, Blowout prevention, *Early warning techniques
The ~uthor wa~ns that investigations and evaluations of early
warnlng technlques such as flowline temperature, drilling rate,
and shale density are critical in blowout control. Solutions
for ~o~trollin~ pr?blems that occur with underbalance and pro-
ductlVlty comblnatlons are outlined. A case history is evaluated
with mathematical and chemical calculations.
52
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9.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES
C-0150-78
CHANCES FOR MISHAPS IN TROUBLED WATERS PROMPTS PROTECTIVE
DEVELOPMENTS
Anon. 1977.
Offshore 37(11):62-64.
Equipment, Ekofisk blowout, Spill cleanup, Design-engineering,
Contingency planning, Norway, North Sea
The blowout on Ekofisk Bravo (April 1977) in the North Sea,
combined with the potential for mishaps in its rough waters,
has led Norwegian designers to produce several anti-pollution
devices. A powder called "Oil Killer" is used to bind oil into
floes, which can be retrieved by net or pump. A 12,000 ton dwt
tanker has been fitted with oil skimmers and displacement-type
recovery tanks. Another innovation is a monitor stabilizing
system which kept the Seaway Falcon on target as she pumped water
on the Ekofisk Bravo.
C-0151-78
MORE PRECAUTIONS AGAINST OIL SPILLS NEEDED (news brief)
Anon. 1977 .
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(8):173-174.
Fish, Birds, Habitat, Spill Cleanup
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is
urging immediate research to prepare maps showing areas where fish
spawn and seabirds breed in order that future spill cleanups may
be carried out with minimum risk to both. Studies may be part of
the World ~~ildlife Fund's liThe Seas ~1ust Live" campaign for marine
conservation. While information concerning plaice, cod, and
haddock is fairly well-documented, mackerel, herring, and sprat
deserve more attention.
C-0152-78
EPAIS R & D EFFORTS ON THE CONTROL AND EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
Gage, S.J. 1977.
Spill Technology Newsletter 2(4):56-61.
Spill containment, Spill cleanup, Environmental effects, Chronic
effects, EPA, *Research programs
The EPAls research and development priorities in the area of oil
pollution effects and control are summarized. In the area of
spill control, successful spill containment and recovery at cur-
rents greater than 3.7 km/hr (2 knots), and spill cleanup in icy
waters, in marshes and along beaches is receiving great attention.
The long-term ecological damage of oil spills, and the sublethal
effects of chronic oil pollution are other areas of current
research emphasis.
53
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C-0153-78
u.s. NOAA RESEARCH ACTIVITIES ON THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL SPILLS
Hess, W.N. 1977.
Spill Technology Newsletter 2(4):51-55.
Pollution control, Monitoring, Spill cleanup, Behavior, Fate,
Biological effects, NOAA, *Research programs
NOAA's responsibilities and capabilities in monitoring and
combatting oil spills and oil pollution are reviewed, and areas
for suggested further reserach are outlined. Long-term research
commitments are needed to better understand the physical processes
affecting oil spilled into the marine environment, its chemical
changes with time, and its long-term biological effects.
C-0154-78
THE DESIGN OF ONSHORE OIL/WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS --
ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECHNICAL CRITERIA
Johnston, C.S. 1977.
The Separation of Oil from Water for North Sea Operations.
Edinburgh, UK, Institute of Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt
University, 1977. p. 46-68. Proceedings of Seminar, June 22-23,
1976.
Pollution control, Guidelines, Oil discharges, Ballast, Oil
terminal, Biological effects, Marine organisms, Regulations
If the planning stages of production development include practical
environmental protection guidelines, future pollution problems can
be lessened, usually at cost-effective rates. Applications of
environmental criteria are presented for oil terminals, ballast
treatment and discharge systems, and the acute and chronic effects
of oil pollution on marine organisms are outlined.
C-0155-78
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MARINE POLLUTION
RESEARCH HELD IN GULF BREEZE, FLORIDA, ON JANUARY 27-29, 1976
Meyers, S.P. 1976.
Final report, EPA/600/9-76/032, ERL.GB-324; Grant EPA-R-803141-
01-0. 177 p.
Pollution prevention, Coasts, *Symposium
Symposium papers discuss how man's activities have affected
natural resources of the coastal environment. Various inter-
national aspects of coastal pollution are covered, and the current
status of research and procedures planned to minimize offshore
coastal damage are reviewed.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(17): #PB-267 601/3GA.
1977.]
54
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C-0156-78
BEING PREPARED FOR FUTURE ARGO MERCHANTS
Milgram, J. 1977-
Technology Review Vol. 79:14-27.
Pollution control, Argo Merchant spill, Tankers, Spill cleanup,
Behavior, Personnel training
Details of the Argo Merchant spill off Massachusetts (Dec. 1976)
are recounted and problems with spill containment and dispersal
are reviewed. Discussion includes emergency action to deal with
stricken and grounded vessels, building of stronger hulls with
double bottoms, spill cleanup, the behavior of oil, the effects
of wave action on spills, and the uses of barriers and skimmers.
Recommendations are made for stockpiling of spill cleanup equip-
ment and vessels and for prepared personnel trained in emergency
spill response.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 17(21): #A77-45228.
1977 .]
C-0157-78
BEING PREPARED FOR FUTURE ARGO MERCHANTS
Milgram, J. 1977.
MITSG-77-10, NOAA-77050402, Grant NOAA-04-6-158-44081. Index
No. 77-410-Nfw. 51 p.
Argo Merchant spill, Pollution prevention, Equipment, Tankers,
Spill cleanup, Personnel training
For summary see previous citation.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(19): #PB-269696/1GA.
1977 -]
C-0158-78
PETROLEUM AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Pendleton, H.E. 1977-
Pollution Engineering 9(9):42-43.
Environmental management, Oil Industry, Economics, API, EPA
The manager of environment and information services for API claims
for the petroleum industry an historical concern for the environ-
ment. The author calls for lowered requirements from the Clean
Air Act, and cites reasons for the 1977 deadline for the Phase I
requirements of the water act to be extended. He also proposes
that the 1983 Phase II requirements be lessened or deleted, as
IIdramatic improvements [in water quality] are bound to corne" with-
out these stipulations.
55
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C-0159-78
POLLUTION CONTROL AND OIL INDUSTRY [English summary]
Schoenfellinger, H.W. 1976.
Erdoel, Erdgas Zeitschrift 92(9):308-310.
Pollution control, Oil industry, Surveillance, *Survey
A survey is presented of pollution control bodies and regulated
organizations that have been set up in the last 2 decades. Spe-
cific mention is made of the 1972 Stockholm Conference on Man and
Environment UNEP, IPIECA, and Austrian control groups.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 12(1): #2447.
1977. ]
C-0160-78
U.S. COAST GUARD OIL SPILL COUNTERMEASURES ACTIVITIES
Schubert, F.P. 1977.
Spill Technology Newsletter 2(4):42-49.
Spill cleanup, Spill recovery, Argo Merchant spill, USCG, Source
identification, Contingency planning
A brief review of the 1976 Argo Merchant spill and other recent
incidents is made in order to point out the areas in which the
present oil spill cleanup and containment technology is most
inadequate, mainly under severe weather, current, and ice condi-
tions. Ongoing USCG research and development programs in the
areas of oil recovery techniques and devices, airborne oil sur-
veillance, oil identification methods, spill response teams, and
contingency planning are briefly, mentioned.
C-0161-78
MANAGEMENT OF MID-ATLANTIC OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT RISKS
Snider, W.O., G.J. Buffleben, J.R. Harrald, K.F. Bishop, and J.C.
Ca rd . 1977 .
Marine Technology 14(4):331-350.
Offshore exploration, Environmental management, Environmental
protection, Gulf of Mexico, Oil discharges, Safety, Statistics,
Atlantic Coast
Attention must be paid to identification, evaluation, and control
of risks associated with mid-Atlantic offshore oil/gas production.
A number of safety guidelines are presented, based on a statistical
analysis of accidents, hazards, oil spills, and drilling mishaps.
Tables present statistical data on these problems from drilling
operations in the Gulf of Mexico.
56
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C-0162-78
COLOR IT DANGEROUS
Worthington, V. 1977.
Conservation News 42(10):5-7.
Birds, Oil spills, Pollution control, Biological effects
Dr. Frank Heppner is advising a group of undergraduate students
in a University of Rhode Island study to investigate the use
of dyes as a method for keeping birds away from oil spills. If
a spill can be dyed with a key avoidance color (orange seems to
work for ducks), an inexpensive and readily applicable control
method may be possible. Results are preliminary.
57
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C.
ASPECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1.
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
C-0163-78
BRIEF CONTACT WITH OIL HURTS FISH (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Science News 112(24):392.
Contamination, Chronic effects, Fish, Oil spills, Blowouts, NOAA,
Petroleum products
Recent studies by NOAA researchers S. Korn, N. Hirsch, and
J. Struhsaker indicate that chronic exposures to low levels of
petroleum hydrocarbons probably have more adverse effects than
spills and blowouts. Their conclusions are based on laboratory
studies of fish exposed to sublethal doses of benzene or toluene.
C-0164-78
FUEL OIL AND MARSH CRABS (news
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(10):24.
Fuel oil, Marshes, Crustaceans, Mortality, Reproduction,
Biological effects, Massachusetts
A salt marsh in Massachusetts was contaminated by No.2 fuel oil
in September 1969. Researchers report that concentrations of the
oil as high as 1000 ppm still exist and that the crabs have as
much as 280 ppm of oil in their body tissue. Crab mortality is
high, and reproduction rates are lowered compared with control
areas. The population is about one-tenth its normal level.
bri ef)
C-0165-78
OIL KILLS NORTH SEA BIRDS (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(8):173.
Birds, Oil spills, Source identification, Mortality, North Sea,
England
Two oil pollution incidents, one in February and one in April,
1977, have caused the death of several hundred birds. Along the
shores of Bempton, Yorkshire, oil fingerprinting analysis has
shown the February spill to consist of a fuel oil possibly of
Nigerian origin, and the April spill to be a weathered crude oil
similar to Middle East crudes. It appears that both spills were
caused by illegal discharges from ships.
58
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C-0166-78
OIL TESTS ON LOBSTERS AND SNAILS ARE UNSETTLING (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
National Fisherman 58(5):158
Chronic effects, Oil spills, Behavior, Mollusks, Crustaceans,
Chemical effects
Dr. Jelle Atema of the Boston University Marine Program at Woods
Hole, Massachusetts, has concluded that the long-term effects of
an oil spill can be more serious than the immediate damage
encountered. Exposure to oil can confuse the behavior patterns
vital to lobsters' and mud snails. survival because it seems that
chemicals from oil interfere with the biological signals that induce
eating and mating.
C-0167-78
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON THE RATE OF HEART BEAT AND
HATCHING SUCCESS OF ESTUARINE FISH EMBRYOS
Anderson, J.W., D.B. Dixit, G.S. Ward, and R.S. Foster. 1977.
Physiological Responses of Marine Biota to Pollutants. Vernberg,
F.J., A. Calabrese, F.P. Thurberg, and W.B. Vernberg (eds.). New
York, Academic, 1977. p. 241-258. Proceedings of a Symposium,
Milford?, Conn., 1975.
Mortality, Sublethal effects, Fish, Hydrocarbons, WSF, Fuel oil,
Crude oil, *Hatching success
Higher mortality was seen in the estuarine fish Cyprinodon
variegatus, Fundulus heteroclitus, and £. simulus exposed to
water-soluble fractions (WSF) of No.2 fuel oil than in those
exposed to WSF of South Louisiana crude oil. When the WSF was
renewed daily there were fewer survivors and the hatchability of
eggs was significantly decreased. At 50% WSF concentration a 50%
lower heart beat was recorded.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(19): #146580g. 19770]
C-0168-78
THE EFFECTS OF OIL ON LOBSTERS
Atema, J. 1977.
Oceanus 20(4):67-73.
Petroleum products, Sublethal effects, Mortality, Crustaceans,
Contamination, *Homarus americanus
Petroleum pollution can be very toxic to the Maine lobster, Homarus
americanus. It can reduce the population as well as contaminate
those used for human consumption. Study shows lobsters react in
abnormal ways when exposed to hydrocarbons of varying intensities.
Several types of oil were used to test reactions, which ranged from
normal to spastic motor movements to death.
59
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C-0169-78
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE
LOBSTER, HOMARUS AMERICANUS, AND THE MUD SNAIL, NASSARIUS OBSOLETUS
Atema~ J. 1976. .
Estuarine Processes. M. Wiley (ed.). New York, Academlc Press,
1976. Vol. 1:302-312. Proceedings of the 3rd International
Estuarine Research Conference~ held in 1975.
Fuels, Fuel oil, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Metabo1ism~ Crustaceans~
Mollusks, Marine organisms
Behavioral effects of kerosine, No.2 fuel oi1~ crude oil ~ and
water soluble fractions of each on the title organisms were studied.
Certain hydrocarbon fractions, especially branched-cyc1ic~ polar
aromatic and soluble hydrocarbons in specific amounts appear to
cause distinct behavioral changes.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(15): #112538j. 1977.]
C-0170-78
TOXICITY OF WATER-SOLUBLE GASOLINE FRACTIONS TO FOURTH-INSTAR
LARVAE OF THE MOSQUITO AEDES AEGYPTI L.
Berry. W.O., and J.D. Brammer. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 13(3):229-234.
Toxicity, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Gaso1ine~ *Aedes aegypti
Laboratory experiments established a median lethal dose (LDso) and
a non-lethal dose (NLD) for these larvae following a 24 hour
exposure to water-soluble fractions of benzene, toluene, and
xy1enes. Based on the amount which has actually gone into solu-
tions, static toxicity bioassays showed that acute toxicity
increases in the sequence benzene, toluene, xy1enes. However,
when data was examined based on the amount of aromatic added to
produce the LDso, toxicity increased in the sequence xy1enes,
benzene, toluene. Thus, the importance of concentration deter-
minations is stressed.
C-0171-78
EFFECT OF PETROLEUM DEEMULSIFIERS ON CHIRONOMUS DORSALIS MEIG
LARVAE [in Russian]
Bugaeva, L.N., and A.E. Shapsha1. 1975.
Trudy Saratovskogo Otde1eniya GosNIORKh Vol. 13:184-186.
Toxicity, *Deemu1sifiers, *F1y larvae, *Chironomus dorsalis
The petroleum deemu1sifiers Disso1van 4411-4422 and Dark Polymer
were lethal to the title fly larvae in concentrations of 262-
2625 mg/L and 19 mg/L, respectively. Chrysalis and adult stages
of the fly were less sensitive. Maximum recommended doses for the
two compounds should not exceed 52 mg/L and 1.9 mg/L~ respectively.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(17): #128281f. 1977-]
60
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C-0172-78
A FOUR YEAR ANALYSIS OF VEGETATION FOllOWING AN OIL SPIll IN A
FRESHWATER MARSH
Burk, C.J. 1977.
Journal of Applied Ecology 14(2):515-522.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Plants, Sampling, Freshwater,
Marshes, *Species reduction
Total plant cover and diversity measured by species richness,
mean species per quadrant, and the Shannon-Wiener function were
progressively reduced in both high and mid-marsh zones for two
years after the spill. Eighteen of the species found before the
spill were not found the season following. Perennial species
tended to be less affected by the oil immediately following the
spillage than annual species.
C-0173-78
A FOUR YEAR ANALYSIS OF VEGETATIOr~ FOllOWING AN OIL SPIll IN A
FRESHWATER MARSH
Burk, C.J. 1976.
Northampton, MA, Smith College, Dept. of Biological Sciences,
1976. Contract 01-14-31-0001-5021. 46 p.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Plants, Sampling, Freshwater,
Marshes, *Species reduction
For summary see previous citation.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(16): #39242. 1977.]
C-0174-78
SEABIRD MORTALITY
Cobb, J.l.S. 1976.
Bird Study 23(4):299-300.
Birds, Contamination, Mortality, UK, *Seabirds
Figures for 1969-70 show a total kill of around 1,150 birds of
which 220 were guillemots. Most of the dead birds were oiled as
a result of an oil spill off the Tay Estuary. In 1970-74, the
number of oiled birds did not exceed 60 in any year and no major
spills were reported.
[from Biological Abstracts 64(4): #19805. 1977,]
61
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C-0175-78
ACUTE TOXIC EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM ON ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC MARINE
ORGANISMS
Craddock, D.R. 1977.
Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Environments
and Organisms. D.C. Ma1ins (ed.). New York, Academic Press, 1977.
Vol. II, Biological Effects. p. 1-93.
Marine organisms, Toxicity. Acute effects, Arctic, Subarctic regions,
*Bioassays
Literature on acute toxicity bioassay techniques using aquatic
organisms is reviewed. Results of bioassays of petroleum rela-
tive to the toxicity of the various products tested and the
sensitivity of the various marine organisms used are covered.
C-0176-78
EFFECTS OF WATER-SOLUBLE COMPONENTS OF PETROLEUM OILS AND AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS ON BARNACLE LARVAE
Donahue, W.H., R.T. Wang, M. Welch, and J.A.C. Nicol. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 13(3):187-202.
Petroleum products, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Mollusks,
*Barnac1es
The effects of eighteen aromatic hydrocarbons and S. Louisiana,
Alaska, Kuwait, Venezuela crudes, Diesel fuel, Bunker C, No.2
fuel oil, and crankcase oils on embryos and nauplii of barnacles
were investigated. Development and hatching of embryos and the
activity. phototaxis, and survival of larvae are included. Relative
toxicities of the aromatics (in t~rms of percentages of saturated
solutions) and of the oils are given.
C-0177-78
CYCLING OF POLLUTANTS
Duke, T.W. 1976.
Final Report EPA/600/J-76/068. 4 p.
Biological effects, Microorganisms, Fish
This introduction to a symposium of the same name emphasizes the
impact of oil, heavy metals, and pesticides on ecosystems and on
bjo10gica1 systems from micro-organisms to fishes.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(19): #PB-268 572/5GA.
1977.]
62
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C-0178-78
THE EFFECTS OF THE WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF NO.2 FUEL OIL ON
THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE ESTUARINE FISH, FUNDULUS GRANDIS
BAIRD AND GIRARD
Ernst, V.V., J.M. Neff, and J.W. Anderson. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 14(1):25-35.
Fuel oil, WSF, Hydrocarbons, Fish, Biological effects, Acute
effects, *Embryo development, *Fundulus grandis
Studies of the effects of petroleum pollution upon marine organisms
generally concentrate on the adult members of the population.
This investigation considered the effects of petroleum hydro-
carbons on the early development of Fundulus grandis Baird and
Girard. Embryonic f. grandis were exposed to 12.5, 25, and 50%
dilutions of No.2 fuel oil. Embryos exposed to the 12.5% solu-
tion were generally normal; those exposed to 25% had some patho-
logical tissues; none of the embryos exposed to the 50% dilution
hatched.
C-0179-78
SOME EFFECTS OF OIL DISPERSANTS ON THE FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF THE
BROWN SHRIMP, CRANGON CRANGON
Evans, G.W., M. Lyes, and A.P.M. Lockwood. 1977.
Marine Behaviour and Physiology 4:171-181.
Dispersants, Biological effects, Crustaceans, Sublethal effects,
*Crangon crangon
Concentrations in the range 1 ppm-100 ppm of Tween 80, BP 1100X
and Slickgone LT2 in seawater are shown to decrease both the food
consumption of the shrimp and the ability of the animal to select
the arm of a y-maze which contains food extract. The ability to
locate food is largely recovered within 4 hr of return of the
animals to clean seawater after prior exposure to 10 ppm of the
above dispersants.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 15(18): #W77-08790.
1977.]
C-0180-78
CONSEQUENCES OF OIL FOULING ON MARINE MAMMALS
Geraci, J.R. 1977.
Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Environments
and Organisms. D.C. Malins (ed.). New York, Academic Press,
1977. Vol. II, Biological Effects. p. 399-410.
Crude oil, Biological effects, Marine mammals, *Phoca hispida
A controlled study was conducted on the behavioral, physiological
and pathological consequences of crude oil contact on ringed seals,
63
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Phoca hispida. Results showed that up to 75 ml of ingest~d
crude oil is not irreversibly harmful to seals, and that lmmersed
seals ingest very small quantities. Surface contact with oil
had a far greater impact on the seals than did absorption; eye
damage was a significant finding in the field oil study.
C-0181-78
EFFECTS OF VARYING CONCENTRATIONS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN
SEDIMENTS ON CARBON FLUX IN MYA ARENARIA
Gilfillan, E.S., D.W. Mayo, D.S. Page, D. Donovan, and S. Hanson.
1977.
Physiological Responses of Marine Biota to Pollutants. F.J.
Vernberg, A. Calabrese, F.P. Thurberg, and W.B. Vernberg (eds.).
New York, Academic Press, 1977. p. 299-314.
Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Mollusks, Sediments, *Carbon flux, *Mya
arenaria
An investigation begun in 1974 studied samples of M. arenaria
and sediments from Casco Bay, Maine, which were contaminated to
varying degrees during the 1972 Tamano oil spill. It was found
that when dealing with low concentrations of highly weathered oils,
total hydrocarbon content of either sediments or animal tissues
are not sensitive measures of stress imparted to M. arenaria,
whereas the carbon flux measurements used in this-study are. The
concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in the clam tissues
(significant as low as 3-4 ppm) correlated very closely with
reductions in carbon flux and thus stress.
C-0182-78
INDUCTION OF HEPATIC ARYL HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE IN SALMON
EXPOSED TO PETROLEUM DISSOLVED IN SEAWATER AND TO PETROLEUM AND
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, SEPARATE AND TOGETHER, IN FOOD
Gruger, E.H., Jr., M.M. Wekell, P.T. Numoto, and D.R. Craddock.
1977.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 17(5):
512-520.
Hydrocarbons, Crude oil, Fish, Sublethal effects, *Coho salmon
Hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) is induced in Coho
salmon exposed to 1 ppm PCB's in the diet; however, comparable
experiments with 1 ppm Prudhoe Bay crude oil did not alter the
AHH activities. These findings suggest that in aquatic food
chains containing petroleum hydrocarbons and PCB's, the latter
substance may exert a predominant influence on the induction of
the hepatic AHH enzyme system. Young Coho salmon exposed to
150 ppb of a seawater-soluble fraction of crude oil for 6 days
exhibited a significant induction of this enzyme system. Thus,
highly soluble crude oil components may be more effective than
high molecular weight insoluble components in inducing AHH.
64
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C-0183-78
EFFECT OF PETROLEUM DEEMULSIFIERS ON THE EMBRYONIC AND POST-
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF STARRED STURGEON [in Russian]
Gurova, G.V. 1975.
Trudy Saratovskogo Otdeleniya GosNIORKh Vol. 13:176-181.
Toxicity, Fish, Development, *Starred Sturgeon, *Deemulsifiers,
*Growth
"Dark polymer petroleum deemulsifier was more toxic (maximum
permissible limit
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C-0186-78
ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM ON MARINE BIRDS
Holmes, W.N., and J. Cronshaw. 1977.
The Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine
Environments and Organisms. D.C. Malins (ed.). New York,
Academic Press, 1977. Vol. II, Biological Effects. p. 359-398.
Birds, Oil spills, Acute effects, Chronic effects, Mortality,
*Ducks
Topics covered in this chapter include: effects of spillage on
mortality; physical systemic effects; and pathological effects.
Studies indicate that mature ducks maintained under laboratory
conditions tolerate well the chronic administration of at least
two crude oils and one petroleum distillation product. Histolog-
ical patterns of the adrenal gland in birds treated with oil, how-
ever, suggest a higher than normal level of adrenocortical function
occurs under conditions of chronic petroleum ingestion. The
development of this condition may account for the high mortality
in experiments in which birds fed oil-contaminated diets were
exposed to cold-stress.
C-0187-78
BIOELECTRIC ACTION POTENTIALS OF PROCAMBARUS ACUTUS ACUTUS
(GIRRARD) IN SERIALLY DILUTED SOLUTIONS OF SELECTED C6 HYDROCARBONS
IN WATER
Idoniboye-Obu, B. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 14(1):5-24.
Hydrocarbons, Crustaceans, Acute effects, *Lethal thresholds,
*Procambarus acutus acutus
The principle of recording neurogenic and myogenic biopotentials
by using remote electrodes in water containing petroleum hydro-
carbons is explored. Lethal thresholds of water pollution
could be set using the method described, with a minimum sacrifice
of the title laboratory animals.
C-0188-78
SUBLETHAL BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON EXPOSURES:
BACTERIA, ALGAE, AND INVERTEBRATES
Johnson, F.G. 1977.
Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Environments
and Organisms. D.C. Malins (ed.). New York, Academic Press,
1977. Vol. II, Biological Effects. p. 271-318.
Hydrocarbons, Sublethal effects, Bacteria, Algae, Invertebrates,
Behavior, *Chemoreception
Literature is summarized and assessed with respect to the sub-
lethal effects of petroleum hydrocarbon exposures on physiology,
66
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behavior, growth, development and reproduction of marine
bacteria, algae, and invertebrates. Invertebrate chemoreception
and behavior are the main focus of the review, as these processes
appear to be especially sensitive to small amounts of oil.
C-0189-78
THE EFFECT OF OILY WATER DISCHARGES ON MARINE ORGANISMS IN THE
CONTEXT OF NORTH SEA OIL DEVELOPMENTS
Johnston, R., and A.D. McIntyre. 1977.
The Separation of Oil from Water for North Sea Operations.
Edinburgh, UK, Institute of Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt
University, 1977. p. 15-36. Proceedings of Seminar, June 22-23,
1976.
Offshore development, Oil discharges, Biological effects, Plants,
Plankton, Marine organisms, North Sea
Recent major oil spills, coupled with expanding North Sea oil
development, have caused research efforts to focus on the effects
of oil on marine organisms. This paper reviews recent work on
the effects of oil on macrophytic plants, phytoplankton, other
microorganisms, and marine animals, especially mollusks and
crustaceans.
C-0190-78
CHANGE IN THE NUMBER OF ZOOPLANKTON UNDER THE EFFECT OF PETROLEUM
POLLUTANTS AND DISPERSANTS [English summary]
Koroleva, A.M. 1977.
Vestnik Moskogovskogo Universiteta, Seriya 16:Biologiya No.1:
30-33.
Fuels, Lubricating oil, Dispersants, Zooplankton, Toxicity
Addition of diesel fuel, motor oil, and two dispersants to a
body of water caused a decrease in the number of zooplankton
growing therein. Toxicity increased directly with concentration
and length of exposure. The dispersant Corexit was more toxic
than diproxamine, and diesel fuel was more toxic than motor oil.
Dispersants did not decrease the toxicity of the petroleum pro-
ducts to the organisms.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(15): #112620e. 1977.]
C-0191-78
CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEMS: THEIR USE IN THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS Of
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON PLANKTON
Lee, R.F., M. Takahashi, J.R. Beers, W.H. Thomas, et ale 1977.
Physiological Responses of Marine Biota to Pollutants:- F.J.
Vernberg, A. Calabrese, F. P. Thurberg, and W.B. Vernberg (eds.).
New York, Academic Press, 1977. p. 323~342.
67
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Fuel oil, Biological effects, Plankton, Biodegradation
In this controlled ecosystem pollution experiment (CEPEX), No.2
fuel oil was added to a 60,000 L enclosure and the effects on
species composition and standing stock of phytoplankton, micro-
zooplankton, and zooplankton were studied. Chlorophyll,
nutrients, and photosynthetic productivity were also measured.
The authors speculate that the only direct effects of petroleum
were on the phytoplankton. The observed decrease in hydrocarbon
concentration of the water was attributed to biodegradation and
adsorption to sinking particles.
C-0192-78
CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEMS: THEIR USE IN THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON PLANKTON
Lee, R.F., M. Takahashi, J.R. Beers, W.H. Thomas, and D.L.R. Seibert.
1977.
NSF/IDOE-77-73, Grants NSF-GX-39149, NSF-ID073-09761-A01. 25 p.
Fuel oil, Biological effects, Plankton
For summary, see previous citation.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(18): #PB-267 704/5GA.
1977J
C-0193-78
SOME LABORATORY CULTURED CRUSTACEANS FOR MARINE POLLUTION STUDIES
Lee, W.Y. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(11):258-259.
Petroleum products, Waste oil, Crustaceans, Toxicity. Intertidal
zone, *Laboratory cultures
Three crustaceans, Acartia tonsa, Sphaeroma quadridentatum, and
Amphithoe valida are suggested for use in laboratory toxicity
tests in oil pollution research. These organisms, obtained from
the intertidal zone where oil spills and oil-contaminated waste
occur most frequently, are easy to culture for research purposes.
Instructions for culturing these animals in the laboratory are
given.
C-0194-78
A GENETIC LOOK AT FISH EGGS AND OIL
Longwell, A.C. 1977.
Oceanus 20(4):46-58.
Argo Merchant spill, Fish, Mortality, *Nantucket Shoals, *Cod,
*Po110ck, *Fish eggs
Shortly after the grounding of the Argo Merchant, cod and pollock
eggs were collected nearby, and examined f~r oil contamination.
68
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Death and mutation resulted: however, total impact on fisheries
is estimated to be small. Fewer cod eggs were fouled than
pollock eggs (60% vs. 90%).
C-0195-78
EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS (book review)
Lutz, P. 1977 .
Bulletin of Marine Science 27(2):352.
Biological effects, Marine organisms, Hydrocarbons, Sublethal
effects
The title book [A.P.M. Lockwood (ed.). New York, Cambridge
University Press, 1976. 193 p. (Society for Experimental
Biology Series 2)] is reviewed. The book's main concern is
with sublethal effects and most articles are of a review or
discussive nature, with a few single subject papers. There
is a comprehensive review of IIHydrocarbons in zooplankton and
fish.1I
C-0196-78
THE EFFECT OF PURE OIL SUBCOMPONENTS ON MYTILUS EDULIS, THE
BLUE MUSSEL
Major, C.W. 1977.
Physiological Responses of Marine Biota to Pollutants. F.J.
Vernberg, A. Calabrese, F.P. Thurberg, and W.B. Vernberg (eds.).
New York, Academic Press, 1977. p. 315-322.
Hydrocarbons, Toxicity. Mollusks, Respiration, *Mytilus edulis
Samples of M. edulis were collected from the Gulf of Maine for
this laboratory study. The parameters studied were change in
respiration and byssal thread formation. The effects of benzene,
hexane, naphthalene, and two concentrations of benzene and
naphthalene are discussed.
C-0197-78
THE ACCUMULATION OF CHLORINE-LABELLED DISPERSED BUNKER C IN
VARIOUS FISH TISSUES
McKeown, B.A. and G.L. March. 1977.
Spill Technology Newsletter 2(3):27-31.
Fuel oil, Hydrocarbons, Dispersants, Toxicity, Chemical analysis,
Fish, Uptake, *Oil-dispersant mixture
The theory that hydrocarbons combined with oil dispersants are
more toxic to marine organisms than hydrocarbons alone was tested.
Chlorine-labelled Bunker C oil was used to test differential
accumulation in trout tissues. The oil/dispersant mixture showed
some increased movement through some tissues. The results are dis-
cussed with consideration of such factors as blood transport
ability, tissue accumulation, and permeability.
69
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C-0198-78
CRUDE OIL INGESTION IMPAIRS OSMO REGULATORY AND NUTRIENT TRANSPORT
IN HERRING GULLS
Miller~ D.S.~ D.B. Peakall~ and W.B. Kinter. 1977.
Federation Proceedings 36(3):1008. Federation of American Socie-
ties for Experimental Biology~ 61st Annual Meeting~ Chicago~ 1977.
Crude oil ~ *Ingestion~ Birds~ *Osmoregulation~ *Herring gulls
Summary not available.
C-0199-78
ASSIMILATION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON BY MICROORGANISMS: I.
MECHANISM OF HYDROCARBON UPTAKE
Miura~ Y.~ M. Okazaki~ S.-I. Hamada~ S.~I. Murakawa~ and R. Yugen.
1977 .
Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19(5):701-704.
Hydrocarbons~ Uptake~ Microorganisms~ *Adhesion
The microorganisms Candida lipolytica~ ~. tropicalis~ ~.
intermedia~ and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used to investigate
the uptake mechanism of liquid hydrocarbons of low sOlubility in
water. "Mi croorgani sms whi ch coul d util i ze hydrocarbon were much
more adherent to hydrocarbon than those which could not. II The
total hydrocarbon uptake from dissolved hydrocarbon was much lower
than that from drop and accomodation forms of hydrocarbons.
[from Biological Abstracts 64(4): #20403. 1977-J
C-0200-78
ASSIMILATION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON BY MICROORGANISMS: II.
GROWTH KINETICS
Miura~ Y.~ M. Okazaki~ 5.-1. Murakawa, 5.-1. Hamada, and K. Ohno.
1977 .
Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19(5):715-726.
Hydrocarbons~ Uptake~ Microorganisms~ *Growth kinetics
Investigation of the growth kinetics of Candida intermedia IFO
0761 showed that the microorganism contained a hydrocarbon pool
in and/or on the cell. 'IThe transfer of water-soluble substrates
to the cell was not the rate-limiting step in the growth of C.
intermedia accompanied by clump formation with liquid hydro--
carbon." The specific growth rate was expressed mathematically.
[from Biological Abstracts 64(4): #20404. 1977.J
70
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C-0201-78
THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBONS UPON THE NAUPLIAR AND ADULT
STAGES OF BALANUS (CRUSTACEA:CIRIPEDIA)
Morton, B., and R.S.S. Wu. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(10):232-236.
Hydrocarbons, Petroleum products, Toxicity, Crustaceans, *Ba1anus
This study investigates 1) the comparative toxicity of 4
hydrocarbons (BP1002, Chemk1een, Bukomk1een, and kerosene). and
2) the effect of an oil spill remover (BP1002) and kerosene
upon the naup1iar and adult stages of Balanus amphitrite amphi-
trite and Balanus variegatus variegatus. Results showed BP1002
to be the most toxic; Chemk1een and Bukomk1een had a lower and
similar toxicity; and kerosene had a comparatively low toxicity.
The percentage non-motility and actual mortality of both stages
of the barnacles is a function of the dosage and treatment time
of BP1002 and kerosene. Both species have a similar suscepti-
bility to the hydrocarbons tested, with the naup1ii being killed
at lower concentrations than the adults.
C-0202-78
DATA ON THE SUBSTANTIATION OF THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION
OF NAPHTHALENE FOR FISHERY WATER BODIES [English summary]
Mosevich, M.V., N.M. Arshanitsa, L.V. G1ukhova, I.G. Grigor'eva,
et al. 1976.
TZvestiya Gosudarstvennogo Nauchno-Issledovate1 'skogo Instituta
Ozernogo i Rechnogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva Vol. 109:50-57.
Hydrocarbons, Fisheries, *Naphthalene, *Maximum permissible
concentration
liThe maximum permissible concentration of naphthalene in fishery
water bodies is 0.004 mg/L."
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #140967s. 1977.]
C-0203-78
TUMORS AND AMYLOIDOSIS IN MICE PAINTED WITH CRUDE OIL FOUND ON
BATHING BEACHES
Nea, B., and M. Wolman. 1977.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 18(3):
385-391.
Crude oil, Biological effects, *Mice, Beaches, Israel, Health hazards
Oil lumps originating from crude oil spills were collected on the
beaches of Israel in 1970, 1971, and 1973, extracted with pure
acetone, and the extracts were painted on the skin of mice twice
weekly for 12 months. The older oils induced amyloidosis and
some papillomata and lymphomata. Discussion includes the possi-
bility that acetone and oil might act synergistically or antagon-
isticallY at different phases of amy10idogenesis. Results cannot
be easily extrapolated to human experience.
71
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C-0204-78
EFFECTS OF OIL ON MICROBIAL COMPONENT OF AN INTERTIDAL SILT-
SEDIMENT ECOSYSTEM
Norrell, S.A., and M.H. Johnston. 1976.
Assessment of the Arctic Marine Environment: Selected Topics.
D. W. Hood and D. C. Burrell (eds.). Fairbanks, Alaska, Univer-
sity of Alaska, Institute of Marine Science, 1976. p. 305-327.
(Occasional Publication No.4.)
Crude oil, Sediments, Bacteria, Intertidal zone, Biological
effects, Biodegradation, Alaska, *Port Valdez
Fundamental relationships between bacterial biomass and sediment
properties are reviewed with emphasis on the characteristics of
a glacial silt intertidal zone near the Port Valdez pipeline
terminal. Bacterial population data and respirometry data were
used to estimate standing crop and activity response of microbial
populations to oil contamination. Sulfur-cycle bacteria were
also examined because of their known association with both marine
environments and oil deposits.
C-0205-78
SUBLETHAL BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON EXPOSURES:
FISH
Patten, B.G. 1977.
Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Environments
and Organisms. D.C. Malins (ed.). New York, Academic Press,
1977. Vol. II, Biological Effects. p. 319-335.
Hydrocarbons, Sublethal effects, Fish, Arctic, Subarctic regions
The objective of this review is to present information on the
behavioral and physiological responses of marine fishes to
petroleum hydrocarbons at sublethal concentrations. Of major
concern are marine fishes indigenous to arctic and subarctic
waters, although, due to the unavailability of this information,
data on organisms from other geographic environments are included.
C-0206-78
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF WATERFOWL WINTERING IN SOUTHERN
QUEBEC
Reed, A., and A. Bourget. 1977.
Canadian Field Naturalist 91(1):1-7.
Birds, Distribution, Habitat, Biological effects, Canada, St.
Lawrence River
Surveys of wintering waterfowl in January and February of 1974,
1975, and 1976 indicated the presence of at least 171,000 ducks
in the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. "Further study and
close surveillance are required owing to the birds' apparently
72
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great vulnerability to oil pollution and habitat change in a very
rigorous climate. II
[from Biological Abstracts 64(4): #19809. 1977.]
C-0207-78
SOME METABOLIC EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE FISH
Saba, D.J., and J.J. Stegeman. 1977.
Physiological Responses of Marine Biota to Pollutants. F.J.
Vernberg, A. Calabrese, F.P. Thurberg, and W.B. Vernberg (eds.).
New York, Academic Press, 1977. p. 279-287.
Fuel oil, Contamination, Toxicity, Chronic effects, Fish, Marshes,
*Biochemical changes
Fundulus heteroclitus were collected from a chronically oil-
exposed marsh and a control uncontaminated marsh. Results show
that 1) petroleum hydrocarbon contamination does produce subtle
biochemical changes in fish that are both briefly and chronically
exposed; and 2) these changes indicate an altered membrane
structure either intracellularly or at the cell surface. Further
research is being conducted on the meaning of these changes as
they relate to membrane function or the health or reproduction
of the population of these fishes.
C-0208-78
TOXICITY AND METABOLISM OF NAPHTHALENE: A STUDY WITH MARINE
LARVAL INVERTEBRATES
Sanborn, H.R., and D.C. Malins. 1977.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
154(2):151-155.
Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Metabolism, Crustaceans, *Naphthalene,
*Larvae
"[1-14C]Naphthalene and [1-14C]naphthalene complexed with BSA
[bovine serum albumin] at 8-12 ppb in flowing sea water produced
100% mortality in 24-36 h in newly hatched Dungeness crab (Cancer
magister) zoea and stage I and V spot shrimp (Pandalus platyceros).11
Measurements of accumulation and metabolic products are given.
[from Biological Abstracts 64(8): #48065. 1977.]
C-0209-78
THE WEST FALMOUTH SPILL - FLORIDA, 1969
Sanders, H.L. 1977.
Oceanus 20(4):15-24.
Fuel oil, Oil spills, Marine organisms, Benthos, Mortality,
Biological effects, Massachusetts
In September, 1969, the barge Flori da ran aground, spill i ng
fuel oil into Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. The results of
No.2
an
73
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investigation of the impact of oil on the bottom-dwelling marine
life are given. Many organisms died upon oil contact, and an
explosive population increase of Capitella capitata (a polychaete)
occurred. Floral and faunal densities, in relation to degree of
concentration of oil, were studied, and the results given. Seven
years after the spill, total effects are not known.
C-0210-78
USE OF UNICELLULAR ALGAE FOR EVALUATION OF POTENIAL AQUATIC
CONTAMINANTS
Scherfig, J., P- Dixon, C. Justice, and R. Appleman. 1977-
Report No.1 (Annual) for 1 Sept - 31 May 76. AMRL-TR-76-65,
Contract F33615-76-C-5005. 28 p.
Algae, Fuels, Toxicity, *Hydrazines, *Lubricant additives, *Jet
engine fuels
The toxic and/or biostimulating effect of lubrication additives
and hydrazines in aquatic environments was determined for the
test alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Results indicate the rela-
tive and absolute toxicity of the compounds tested under standard
laboratory conditions.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(19): #AD-A041 565/3GA.
1977.]
C-0211-78
PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CARP ORGANS UNDER THE EFFECT OF
PETROLEUM DEMULSIFIERS [in Russian]
Shcherbakov, Yu.A., N.N. Lizina, and N.G. Chernova. 1975.
Trudy Saratovskogo Otdeleniya GosNIORKh Vol. 13:187-190.
Toxicity, Fish, Metabolism, *Deemulsifiers, *Carp organs,
*Morphological changes
"When added to water at 0.8-3.3 g/L and 6-25 mg/L, respectively,
two deemulsifiers from petroleum, Dissolvan 4411-4422 and Dark
Polymer, disrupted metabolism and caused dystrophic changes in
the parenchymatous organs, hyperemia, and edema in carp."
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(17): #128282g. 1977.]
C-0212-78
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF THE HERMIT CRAB CLIBANARIUS
ERYTHROPUS IN THE WESTERN CHANNEL
Southward, A.J., and E.C. Southward. 1977.
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United
Kingdom 57(2):441-452.
Surfactants, Toxicity, Crustaceans, Distribution, UK, *Clibanarius
erythropus
74
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The ecological niche and distribution limits of f. erythropus
are discussed. In 196~ toxic 'oil-spill removers' killed half
of the known population of Clibanarius in Cornwall. The crab
has not returned to the affected shores and seems to be declining
in other areas.
[from Biological Abstracts 64(7): #37572. 1977.]
C-0213-78
FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL
Stegeman, J.J. 1977.
Oceanus 20(4):59-66.
Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Marine organisms, Sublethal effects,
Chronic effects, Uptake, Release
Oil spill damage to marine animals affects man through immediate
loss of marketable food resources, long-term loss of species, or
a toxic hazard. Effects are determined by summated chronic and
sublethal effects of hydrocarbons on primary producers and the
rest of the food chain. Uptake of petroleum hydrocarbons is a
general phenomenon; depuration varies greatly and causes the
greatest impact. Toxicological studies assist in determining the
effects of hydrocarbons on specific animals, but are difficult to
confirm, as many complexities in field and laboratory experiments
compound the problem.
IN MARINE ANIMALS
C-0214-78
EFFECTS OF NATURAL CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
ON SIZE AND REPRODUCTION IN MYTILUS CALIFORNIANUS CONRAD
Straughan, D. 1977.
Physiological Responses of Marine Biota to Pollutants. F.J.
Vernberg, A. Calabrese, F.P. Thurberg, and W.B. Vernberg (eds.).
New York, Academic Press, 1977. p. 289-298.
Natural seepage, Chronic effects, Mollusks, Reproduction,
Southern California. *Size
Samples of M. californianus were collected from an area of natural
chronic exposure to petroleum - Coal Oil Point, California - and
from two uncontaminated areas to study reproduction and size
differences. The study showed no differences in those parameters
that could be attributed to the effects of natural chronic expos-
ure to petroleum. The total ether extractables from the Coal
Oil Point, Pismo Beach, and Santa Catalina mussels were 130-435,
4-26, and 2-7 Wg/g, with 95% of the Coal Oil Point extractables
of petroleum origin.
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C-0215-78
TOXIC EFFECTS OF MILITARY WASTEWATER EFFLUENT
Sweazy, R.M., F.L. Rose, and C.L. Bough. 1977.
Report AD-A038795. 80 p.
PAH, Toxicity, Fuel oil, Wastewater treatment, Lakes, *Salamanders,
*Diesel oil, *Asphalt
Tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) living in a playa lake.
which received treated domestic sewage were found to have a hlgh
incidence of tumors. Analysis showed the causative agents to be
PAH from diesel oil and asphalt which had been applied to the lake.
Tumor incidence was not affected by conventional wastewater
treatment.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #140610v. 1977.]
C-0216-78
RELATIONSHIP OF SCARLET PRAWNS (PLESIOPENAEUS EDWARDSIANUS) TO A
BENTHIC OIL DEPOSIT OFF THE NORTH-WEST COAST OF ARUBA, DUTCH WEST
INDIES
Thompson, H.C., Jr., R.N. Farragut, and M.H. Thompson. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 13(4):239-254.
Hydrocarbons, Crustaceans, Benthos, Distribution, Metabolism,
*Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus, *N-parafins
Sampling showed a greater catch rate of crustacea (scarlet
prawns were three times more abundant) in areas where benthic
oily material was collected as compared to adjacent unpolluted
areas. The prawns contained an unusual n-paraffin hydrocarbon
series (n-C22, n-C2S' n-C2S, n-C31, n-C34) which was in higher
quantities in prawn over the oily area. Discussion includes a
probable explanation for the crustacea distribution and a des-
cription of accumulation and metabolism of hydrocarbons by marine
organisms.
C-0217-78
METABOLISM OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS: ACCUMULATION AND
BIOTRANSFORMATION IN MARINE ORGANISMS
Varanasi, U., and ~.C. Malins. 1977.
Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Environments
and Organisms. D.C. Malins (ed.). New York, Academic Press,
1977. Vol. II, Biological Effects. p. 175-270.
Hydrocarbons, Uptake, Metabolism, Release, Marine organisms,
Sublethal effects, *Biochemical changes
Included is a discussion of the uptake, metabolism, and discharge
of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine organisms exposed to sublethal
levels of petroleum. Resultant biochemical alterations in
76
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exposed organisms are also examined. Major emphasis is placed on
laboratory bioassay studies on simulated field experiments. The
status of knowledge on these subjects and areas where more
research is needed are delineated.
C-0218-78
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MARINE BIOTA TO POLLUTANTS
Vernberg, F.J., A. Calabrese, F.P. Thurberg, and W.B. Vernberg
(eds.). 1977.
New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1977. 482 p.
Contaminants, Marine organisms, Petroleum products, Biological
effects, *Physiological response
Papers at a symposium on physiological responses of marine biota
to pollutants are presented. Pollutants covered include pesti-
cides, PCB's, heavy metals, and petroleum products.
[from Marine Biology 39(4):advertisement. 1977.]
C-0219-78
EFFECTS OF FUEL OIL ON SEA CATFISH: FEEDING ACTIVITY AND CARDIAC
RESPONSES
Wang, R.T., and J.A.C. Nicol. 1977.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 18(2):
170-176.
Toxicity. Fuel oil, Fish, *Arius felis
The effects of a No.2 fuel oil on survival, feeding behavior, and
heart rate of Arius felis (L.) were studied. At concentrations
>Q.08 ml L-1, fuel oil was lethal; the LCso for 96 hr was 0.14 ml
L 1. Similar research is reviewed and compared.
C-0220-78
THE BALTIC SEA POLLUTION
Zmudzinski, L. 1975.
Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii Vol. 22:601-614.
Hydrocarbons, Contamination, Biological effects, Crustaceans,
Bacteria, Biodegradation, Baltic Sea
Eutrophication and hydrocarbon contamination of the Baltic Sea
were studied between 1971-1973. It was apparently impossible to
determine petrochemical concentrations, but the increasing degree
of pollution was acknowledged due to indirect observations of
declining seabird populations. The most sensitive bioindicators
of hydrocarbons are some species of crustaceans, and benthic fishes
are the least sensitive. Flavobacterium species were found to be
the most active biodegraders of fuel oils, but their activity
decreases with decreasing temperature and increasing hydrocarbon
concentrations.
77
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C-0221-78
ACCUMULATION OF BENZ(A)PYRENE BY SOME BLACK SEA ORGANISMS UNDER
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS
Zobova, N.A.. L.G. Solenova, N.D. Mazmanidi, and A.P. Il'nitskiy.
1976.
Oceanology 16(3):259-261.
Uptake, PAH, Carcinogens, Fish, Mollusks, Black Sea
The mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, the whiting, Odontogadus.
merlangus, and the pickerel. Spicara smaris, were exposed to thlS
carcinogen at about 0.01 and 0.1 wg/L of seawater for 96 hr. The
mussels but not the fish accumulated the compound. The gall
bladder was the principal site of benz(a)pyrene accumulation.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(4): #77-03582. 1977.J
2.
PHYSICAL ASPECTS
C-0222-78
THE EFFECT OF OIL POLLUTION OF SEA SURFACE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF
RADIOLOCATION SIGNALS REFLECTED AT SMALL SLIP ANGLES [in RussianJ
Bol'shakov. A.N., Iu.M. Galaev, V.B. Efimov, A.I. Kalmykov, et al.
--
1976.
Morskie Gidrofizicheskie Issledovaniia, No. 4:175-189.
Oil slicks, Sea surface, *Radiolocation signals
IIRadiolocation reflections from sections of the sea surface covered
with an oil slick were measured at 3 and 10 cm with small slip
angles (0.5 and 3.0 deg).11 Results showed that an oil film with
an average thickness of O.lw reduced the signal by 20 dB or more
at the 3 cm band and by 15 dB or more at 10 cm. PRrameters of
the apparatus are discussed.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 17(19): #A77-40822.
1977 0 J
C-0223-78
THE DEFLECTION OF AN ICE SHEET BY A SUBMERGED GAS SOURCE
Topham, D.R. 1977
Journal of Applied Mechanics 44(2):279-284.
Blowouts, Ice, Behavior, Models, *Ice sheet deflection,
*Submerged gas source
The deflection of an infinite ice sheet by a submerged gas source,
such as an undersea gas or oil well blowout, is analyzed using
an elastic thin-plate model. Fracture may occur at the bubble
center or just beyond the bubble edge depending on bubble depth,
78
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ice thickness, and mechanical properties of the
Prediction of the actual bubble radius required
is not certain as the critical bubble radius is
to these parameters.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(18): #138134z. 1977-]
ice sheet.
to cause failure
very sensitive
3.
CHEMICAL ASPECTS
C-0224-78
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
Bockris, J.O'M. (ed.). 1977.
New York, Plenum Press, 1977. xi + 795 p.
Chemical analysis, Chemical effects, Contamination
This book contains 23 chapters on various aspects of the title
subject. Two chapters concern oil pollution: Chapter 12, the
Chemistry of Water Pollution, T. Mullins; and Chapter 13, Organic
Chemical Pollution: Petroleum, Pesticides, and Detergents, H.S.
Stoker and S.L. Seager.
C-0225-78
NITROGEN FIXATION IN ARCTIC MARINE SEDIMENTS:
AND HYDROCARBON FRACTIONS
Knowles, R., and C. Wishart. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 13(2):133-149.
Hydrocarbons, Crude oil, Sediments, Canada, *N fixation
Measurements were taken of N fixation (acetylene reduction) in
grab and core samples of sediments from the Beaufort Sea and
Eskimo Lakes, NT, Canada. There was no stimulatory or inhibi-
tory effect on N fixation or CO2 evolution with weathered Norman
Wells crude oil, hexane, dodecane, or hexadecane. Complete
inhibition of N fixation and partial inhibition of CO2 evolution
occurred in the presence of 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene. There was no
evidence of hydrocarbon utilization during periods of over 30
days.
[from Biological Abstracts 64(8): #43963. 1977-]
EFFECT OF OIL
79
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C-0226-78
THE CHEMISTRY OF WATER POLLUTION
Mullins, T. 1977
Environmental Chemistry. J. OIM. Bockris (ed.). New York and
London, Plenum Press, 1977. p. 331-400.
Chemical effects, Dispersions, Toxicity, Spreading
This chapter is broken into sections which cover the following
aspects: historical, background, pollutants, water structures,
reactive sites, metals, gases, nutrients, and organic compounds.
A brief discussion of oil pollution stresses the need to remove
spilled oil as quickly as possible as dispersed oil is more
toxic to aquatic life than a slick. Chemical and physical
reactions of the oil as it spreads and degrades are mentioned,
including the capacity of oil to concentrate heavy metals and
pesticides.
C-0227-78
THE COMPOSITION OF OIL -- A GUIDE FOR READERS
Ryan, P.R. 1977.
Oceanus 20(4):4.
Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Sources, Chemical analysis, *Alkanes,
*Cycloalkanes, *Aromatics
This guide was written to inform readers of the history, formation,
source, and chemical composition of oil. The three hydrocarbon
classes (alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics) are defined in
detail. The boiling point of various petroleum products is given
in a table and the article closes with a discussion of toxicity.
4.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS
C-0228-78
TAXPAYERS MAY EAT COST OF OIL BARGE DAMAGE (news brief)
Frye, J. 1977.
National Fisherman 58(6):24-8.
Economic effects, Liability, Oil spills, Birds, Beaches,
Environmental effects, Chesapeake Bay
American taxpayers may pay over $l/L ($5/gal) for the 946,000 L
(250,000 gal) of heavy No.6 fuel oil spilled from a Steuart
Transportation Co. barge into the Chesapeake Bay February 2,
1976. A cost analysis was conducted by the office of the US
Comptroller General, which included the killing of 31,000 sea-
fowl and the cleanup of 44 km (27 mi) of Eastern Shore beaches
80
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and marshes. No money has been collected from Steuart Trans-
portation or from Allied Towing Co. of Norfolk (owner of the
tug involved), and suits have been filed against Steuart. The
scope of environmental damage and human error involved in the
spillage are discussed.
5.
GENERAL ASPECTS
C-0229-78
OIL SPILLS (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Audubon 79(5):154-155.
Chesapeake Bay, Argo Merchant spill, Birds, Economic effects,
Cost analysis
The article details the General Accounting Office (GAO) report
to Congress itemizing the losses attributed to two oil spills.
The Chesapeake Bay spill of February 1976 cost $1.2 million and
the Argo Merchant spill cost over $5 million, excluding the lost
cargo valued at $2.4 million. A brief description of some of the
environmental damage is included.
C-0230-78
THE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF OIL IN THE OCEAN
Farrington, J.W. 1977.
Oceanus 20(4):5-14.
Oil spills, Sources, Petroleum products, Crude oil, Sludge,
Biological effects, Fate
Biogeochemistry covers many areas of study on oil pollution.
The history of research into the sources, amounts, and fate of
the world's oil pollution is briefly reviewed. A description
of research projects in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, is pro-
vided. New York Bight sewage sludge, particularly as it
pertains to hydrocarbon content, is discussed. Future research
areas are discussed, and the value of research in oil pollution
is summarized.
81
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C-0231-78
MASS STRANDING OF THE LONG-FINNED PILOT WHALE, GLOBICEPHALA
MELAENA ON SABLE ISLAND, NOVA SCOTIA
Geraci, J.R., and D.J. St. Aubin. 1977.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34(11):2196-
2199.
Marine mammals, Argo Merchant spill, *Newfoundland, *Whales,
*Globicephala melaena
In late December, 1976, a herd of over 130 long-finned pilot
whales became stranded on Sable Island and there were implica-
tions in the news media that the stranding was precipitated by
the December 15, 1976 grounding and breakup of the oil tanker
Argo Merchant. Examination of the whales and hydrocarbon
analyses of their skin and blubber tissues indicated that any
causal relationship bewteen the stranding and the spill inci-
dent some 640 km (400 mi) distant is extremely unlikely.
C-0232-78
MARINE POLLUTION
Goldberg, E.D. 1976.
Chemical Oceanography. J.P. Riley and G. Skirrow (eds.). New
York, Academic Press, 1976. Vol. 3. p. 39-89.
Environmental effects, Biological effects, Oil discharges,
Petroleum products, Behavior, *Review
Included in this chapter is a section on petroleum which covers
man-generated fluxes, natural fluxes, losses during World War II,
behavior of petroleum products in the marine environment, persis-
tence of petroleum in the oceans, effects on marine organisms,
and the baseline for petroleum pollution. All of the references
for this brief review are dated 1972 and earlier.
C-0233-78
MARINE OIL SPILLS
Lovell, A.H. 1976.
Waste Disposal & Water Management in Australia
Oil spills, Spill damage, Spill disposal
Summary not available.
[from Australian Science Index 20(11): #4362.
3(4):12-13,15-16.
1976.J
82
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C-0234-78
ARGO MERCHANT: A SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY'S RESPONSE
Milliman, J.D. 1977.
Oceanus 20(4):40-45.
Argo Merchant spill, Fate, Environmental effects, Sampling,
*Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution scientists responded to the
Argo Merchant grounding by immediately collecting background
information about the water and sediments in the vicinity of
the wreck. The sampling and monitoring cruises are discussed,
and research needs for baseline studies and for data on the fate of
oil are stated. Weather prevented optimum sampling, but a group
of background samples crucial to spill impact studies were
collected during two cruises.
C-0235-78
THE CONTROL OF OIL POLLUTION ON THE SEA AND INLAND WATERS (book
review)
MORRIS, R. J. 1977.
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 5(6):829-830.
Environmental effects, Oil spills, Spill cleanup, Surfactants,
Chronic effects
The title book [J. Wardley-Smith (ed.). London, Graham &
Trotman Ltd., 1976. 251 p.] is critically reviewed. The
reviewer points out weaknesses in the book, a major one being
that the editor makes statements without creditable scientific
basis. Useful chapters dealing with oil cleanup are cited.
The reviewer points out that accidental spillage accounts for
very little of total oil pollution.
C-0236-78
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTANTS ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS (book review)
Morris, R.J. 1977.
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 5(6):831-832.
Marine organisms, Hydrocarbons, Biological effects
The title book [A.P.M. Lockwood (ed.). New York, Cambridge
University Press, 1976. 193 p.] is favorably reviewed. The
book contains three chapters dealing with petroleum hydrocar-
bons. The reviewer reiterates the position taken by the
authors of the need for more basic research in the field of
hydrocarbon pollution.
83
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C-0237-78
WATER POLLUTION - CAUSES AND CURES
Morton, S.D. 1976.
Madison, Wisconsin, Mimir Publishers Inc., 1976. 151 p.
Oil spills, Toxicity. Biodegradation, Spill cleanup, *Industrial
poll utants
Pollution of the aquatic environment from domestic, municipal,
industrial, and agricultural sources is reviewed, and methods
for treatment are discussed. In the chapter on industrial
pollution, the problems of oil spills, their toxicity, biodegra-
dation, and methods of removal are briefly outlined.
C-0238-78
OIL AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Pearce, A.W. 1976.
Energy and the Environment, Section 2 of Man and His Environment.
J. Walker (ed.). Birmingham, England, University of Birmingham,
1976. p. 147-163. Proceedings. International Symposium on Man
and His Environment, University of Birmingham, September 1975.
Environmental effects, *Review
"A revi ew with no references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(16):
#120068w.
1977. ]
C-0239-78
THE POLLUTION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN
Ritchie-Calder, L. 1975.
The Tides of Change. Peace, Pollution, and Potential of the
Oceans. E.M. Borgese and D. Krieger (eds.). New York, Mason/
Charter, 1975. p. 144-165.
Environmental deterioration, Contamination, Mediterranean Sea
The author gives a general geographic/geologic description of
the Mediterranean Sea and considers man's detrimental impact
upon it. Various pollutants including oil are reviewed.
C-0240-78
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM ON ECOSYSTEMS
Sanborn, H.R. 1977.
Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Environments
and Organisms. D.C. Malins (ed.). New York, Academic Press,
1977. Vol. II. Biological Effects. p. 337-357.
Biological effects, Marine organisms, Habitat, Ecosystems,
Arctic, Subarctic regions, Intertidal zone
Discussed in this chapter is the literature dealing with the
effects of petroleum on arctic and subarctic habitats (intertidal
84
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zone and subtidal zone), populations and communities (plankton,
neuston, nekton, benthos, and salt marsh), and ecosystems.
C-0241-78
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT STUDIES FOLLOWING ALEXANDRIA BAY OIL SPILL:
FALL 1976 FIELD SURVEY OF RESIDUAL CONTAMINANTS
St. Lawrence-Eastern Ontario Commission. 1977.
Interim report, Grant No. R80531010. 22 p.
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Residual oils, Economic
effects, Canada, *Alexandria Bay spill
On June 23, 1976, an estimated 1,166,000 L (308,000 gal) of No.6
bunker oil were released from a barge after several tanks rup-
tured as it struck Comfort Shoal upstream of Alexandria Bay.
Efforts were undertaken to develop a plan of study to determine
the economic and environmental impacts of oil in a riverine
environment. The main objective of this study was to determine
the effects of time and the elements on residual hydrocarbons.
Results of the fall 1976 field survey are summarized.
85
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D.
ASPECTS OF OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
1.
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
C-0242-78
BIRDS AND MARINE MAMMALS - THE BEAUFORT SEA AND THE SEARCH FOR OIL
Blood, D.A. 1977.
Beaufort Sea Project Overview Reports. B.D. Smiley (ed.). 124 p.
Offshore exploration, Biological effects, Birds, Marine mammals,
Beaufort Sea, Arctic
This book provides the reader with up-to-date information on birds
and marine mammals of the southern Beaufort Sea and how they might
be influenced by offshore petroleum exploration which is currently
underway. A digest is also presented of relevant Beaufort Sea
Project technical reports. The Beaufort Sea Project, a set of
Arctic marine environmental studies, was conducted during 1974 and
1975 in order to assess the possible impact of offshore exploratory
drilling in the Beaufort Sea.
[from Beaufort Sea Project Office, Institute of Ocean Sciences,
P.O. Box 5000, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, B.C. Y8L 4B2,
Canada]
C-0243-78
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF OIL DRILLING AND DUMPING ACTIVITIES ON MARINE
BIOTA
George, R.Y. 1975
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operations,
Houston, 1975. p. 333-355. Proceedings.
Offshore drilling, Biological effects, Marine organisms, Oil spills,
*Drilling mud components
Gaps in the present knowledge of the impact of drilling mud
components on marine biota and the chronic effects of oil spills
on both marine plants and animals are explored. Four aspects of
offshore drilling activity are examined for their effects on mar-
ine ecosystems: (1) the 'burial effect' on sea floor organisms
caused by discharge of drilling mud components; (2) possible
accumulation or magnification in the food chain of discharged
drilling mud components; (3) influence of turbidity-plumes of
drilling mud on filter feeding organisms; and (4) the acute and
chronic effects of crude oil spillage on marine organisms.
86
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C-0244-78
CHEMICAL STUDIES OF OFFSHORE OIL PLATFORMS
McDermott-Ehrlich, D., and G.A. Alexander. 1976.
Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Annual Report,
129 p.
Biological effects, Drilling, Offshore production, Platforms,
Marine organisms, Sediments, Santa Barbara Channel
A study was conducted to determine the effects of drilling and
oil production operations on the marine life around two oil plat-
forms, "Hazel" and "Hilda," in the Santa Barbara Channel. Hydro-
carbon content of tissue samples of two species of rockfish,
the yellow rock crab, and an intertidal mussel were determined
by gas chromatography and revealed no detectable hydrocarbons in
the crabs or mussels, but very high levels of biogenic hydro-
carbons in the rockfish. The petroleum hydrocarbon content of
sediment samples under the platforms were higher than levels
measured at a control site but were indicative of highly weathered
oil and not recent contamination.
C-0245-78
EFFECT OF DRILLING FLUID COMPONENTS MIXTURES ON PLANTS AND SOILS
Miller, R.W., and S. Honarvar. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operations,
Houston, 1975. p. 125-143. Proceedings.
Dri 11 i ng, Toxi ci ty, Pl ants, *Growth, *Dri 11 i ng flui d components
Thirty-one oil well drilling fluid components were tested at
normal use concentrations for their effects on plant growth.
Significant (5%) reductions in yield occurred with diesel oil,
large alcohol, guar gum, a plant synthetic fiber mix (Kwik Seal).
lignite, potassium chloride, pregelatinized starch, a modified
asphalt (Soltex), and iron-chromelignosulfonate. Of the components
tested, only diesel oil is believed to cause severe problems to
plant growth.
C-0246-78
ACUTE TOXICITY OF WELL-DRILLING MUDS TO RAINBOW TROUT SALMO
GAIRDNERI (RICHARDSON)
Weir, R.H., and B. Moore. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operations,
Houston, 1975. p. 169-182. Proceedings.
Toxicity, Drilling, Fish, Mortality. Arctic, *Salmo gairdneri,
*Drilling muds
The acute toxicity of oil well drilling muds to rainbow trout was
tested under 96-hour static bioassay test conditions. Mud samples
were taken at various well depths from an onshore Canadian Arctic
87
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exploratory well, and tested at various concentrations to determine
96 hr LCso to the test population. The acute toxicity of the
drilling muds was directly related to the type of mud system used
at various depths of the well. The toxicity increased with sample
depth, due to the increase in solids and viscosities of deep well
mud systems.
C-0247-78
TOXICITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALS USED IN
WELL-DRILLING OPERATIONS
Zitko, V. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operations,
Houston, 1975. p. 311-329. Proceedings.
Drilling, Oil wells, Toxicity, Environmental effects, Fish, *Salmon,
*Drilling muds
The acute toxicities of several organic oil well drilling mud
components to juvenile Atlantic salmon were tested. Benzoic acid,
benzene derivatives, naphthalene, substituted imidazolines and
Na petroleum sulfonates were tested and found to have less pro-
nounced environmental effects than the physical action of suspended
solids.
2.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS
C-0248-78
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENDITURES OF THE UNITED STATES PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
1967-1976
Haskins & Sells. 1977.
Washington, D.C. American Petroleum Institute Publications No.
4287. 14 p.
Cost analysis, Economics, Oil industry, API, Refineries, Pollution
control, *Environmental expenditures
The title expenditures, as reported to API via a survey of its
member companies and members of the National Petroleum Refiners
Association, are tabulated. A sample questionnaire as submitted
to these companies is appended to the report.
88
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C-0249-78
TEXAS SHRIMPERS WORRIED ABOUT SALT DOME PLANS (news brief)
Kirkpatrick, K., and D. Kirkpatrick. 1977.
National Fisherman 58(6):31-A, 35-A.
Storage, Offshore development, FEA, Environmental effects,
Fisheries, Mexico/Gulf of, *Shrimp, *Sa1t domes
The Freeport Shrimpers Association (FSA) in Texas is opposed to
the way the Federal Energy Administration (FEA) plans to wash
out nearby salt domes with Gulf water for future oil storage.
Pumping a saline solution that may be 99% salt into the Gulf may
produce a barren area in one of the prime white shrimp breeding
grounds. The 371 km (200 mi) limit which will bring in more
fishing boats and more oil development is another major problem.
3.
GENERAL ASPECTS
C-0250-78
INTERIOR REVISES OCEAN DRILLING GUIDELINES (news brief)
Anon. 1977 .
Chemical & Engineering News 55(41):23.
Offshore development, Oil-gas leasing, Regulations, US Government,
Environmental protection, State governments
The US Department of Interior has announced substantial revisions
in leasing policies and regulations. The revised regulations will
call for more detailed technical and environmental data and will
provide greater input from the states affected by the offshore
oil-gas development.
C-0251-78
VIRGINIA OIL REFINERY OK NEARS REALITY (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
National Fisherman 58(7):24-0.
Refineries, Environmental effects, EIS, Virginia, Chesapeake Bay.
*Oyster beds
The Virginia Oyster Growers and Packers Association is opposing
the planned oil refinery at Portsmouth, VA. There seems to be a
legal question as to whether the 'group can act before actually
being "aggrieved," or must wait for a future oil spill to damage
the James River seed oyster beds -- the major source of seed for
all the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay and an occasional sup-
plier to Maryland and other states. Details are given of an
environmental impact statement reporting on the numerous detri-
mental effects that are hazards of this project.
89
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C-0252-78
OFFSHORE OIL: COSTS AND BENEFITS
Bradley, T. 1976.
Washington, D.C., American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy
Research, 1976. 49 p.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Onshore impacts,
Regulations, Oil-gas leasing, Economics
This pamphlet contains the edited transcript of a Round Table that
concluded American Enterprise Institute's conference on the impact
of offshore oil, held at Los Angeles, in March, 1975. Regulations
regarding the leasing of offshore sites and the impact of energy
conservation on energy supplies are summarized.
[from Energy Review 21:24. 1977.]
C-0253-78
A STUDY PLAN FOR THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF
Bruce, H.E. 1976.
Assessment of the Arctic Marine Environment: Selected Topics.
D.W. Hood and D.C. Burrell (eds.). Fairbanks, Alaska, University
of Alaska, Institute of Marine Science, 1976. p. 61-80.
(Occasional Publication No.4).
Offshore development, Environmental effects, OCS, Baseline studies,
Monitoring, NOAA, BLM, Alaska
The objectives of the NOAA and BLM Alaskan OCS studies are to
develop a data base on the biological, physical, chemical, and
geological processes of the area to be used in assessment and
prediction of the impact of oil and gas developments on the marine
environment and resources of the region. Guidelines, objectives,
program structure, budget, and management are discussed.
C-0254-78
THE NORTH SEA PROBLEM
Bugge, H.C. 1976.
Assessment of the Arctic Marine Environment: Selected Topics.
Hood, D.W. and D.C. Burrell (eds.). Fairbanks, Alaska, University
of Alaska, Institute of Marine Science, 1976. p. 45-54.
(Occasional Publication NO.4).
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Pollution control,
North Sea, Norway
This paper briefly reviews Norway's offshore petroleum exploration
in the North Sea, impact assessment, and pollution control. At
the time this report was published, no major oil spills had occurred
there.
90
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C-0255-78
USE OF A BIOASSAY TEST IN EVALUATING THE TOXICITY OF DRILLING
FLUID ADDITIVES ON GALVESTON BAY SHRIMP
Chesser, B.G., and W.H. McKenzie. 1975.
Conference on Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well
Drilling Operations, Houston, 1975. p. 153-168. Proceedings.
Toxicity, Drilling, Marine organisms, Shrimp, *Drilling fluid
additives
Results of 96-hour salt water toxicity tests with several common
drilling fluid additives are given. The materials tested include
hemlock bark extract, chrome-treated lignosulfonate, iron ligno-
sulfonate, non-water dispersible defoamer, low-molecular weight
polyacrylate, and cellulosic-calcium carbonate workover additive.
The 50% toxicity level of brown or white shrimp is given for each
additive.
C-0256-78
EFFECTS OF OIL SPILLS IN ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC ENVIRONMENTS
Clark, R.C., Jr., and J.S. Finley. 1977.
Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Environments
and Organisms. D.C. Malins (ed.). New York, Academic Press,
1977. Vol. II, Biological Effects. p. 411-476.
Environmental effects, Biological effects, Oil spills, Arctic,
Subarctic regions
Results are outlined which give evidence for understanding the
potential for damage to arctic and subarctic ecosystems from
petroleum. Information is based on data relating to temperate
waters and species, since little or no information on cold water
environments was available. Topics covered include: definition
of arctic and subarctic marine environments, problems in pre-
dicting the biological impacts of oil spills, arctic and subarctic
oil spills and their long-term biological effects, and Pacific
subarctic and Arctic Ocean as potential oil spill areas.
C-0257-78
POSSIBLE CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATERS BY OIL AND GAS-WELL
DRILLING AND COMPLETION FLUIDS
Collins, A.G. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operations,
Houston, 1975. p. 231-256. Proceedings.
Contamination, Groundwater, Drilling, Oil wells, *Drilling fluids,
*Well completion
Chemicals used in the drilling fluids and in well completion and
treatment are listed; several of them are quite capable of pollut-
ing water and land. The compositions of some oilfield brines and
91
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crude oils which can be used to prepare drilling fluids are listed.
Possible ways in which drilling fluids and well operations m~y.
contaminate groundwater are outlined, and methods for rehabl11ta-
ting a contaminated aquifer are discussed.
C-0258-78
BIG GAINS IN GEORGES BANK FISHERIES WEIGHED AGAINST PROJECTED OIL
FINDS (news brief)
Duerr, C. 1977.
National Fisherman 58(5):14-B.
Offshore exploration, Offshore development, Oil industry, Fisheries,
Economic effects, Georges Bank
A two-year University of Rhode Island study has been done of the
potential conflicts between the fishing industry and the offshore
oil industry when oil exploration begins on Georges Bank. It is
estimated that the New England ground-fisheries will experience
large growth as a result of the Fisheries Management and Conserva-
tion Act of 1976, with a possible doubling of permanent employment
offered. At the maximum petroleum development, oil reserves from
the bank could supply only 17% of the region1s total petroleum
needs; while gas reserves could supply over 200% of the region1s
needs. At maximum development, 201 km (125 mi) could be closed to
fishing with towed gear; thus, close consultation on the placement
of offshore structures is necessary. Very little is known about
the potential environmental effects of oil development in this area.
C-0259-78
PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF US TAR SANDS: AN ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT
Frazier, N.A., D.W. Hissong, W.E. Ballantyne, and E.J. Nazey.
1976.
Final Report, EPA-600/7-76-035, Contract EPA-68-02-1323. 92 p.
Tar sands, Production, Extraction, Environmental effects
Preliminary study results are reported which assess the potential
primary environmental impacts of production and processing of tar
sands bitumen. Impacts of mining methods are likened to those of
strip-mining coal; and impacts of in situ methods are judged to
be similar to those of conventionar-o,,-rield production. A
viable ~ situ production technology for producing tar sand
reservoirs is not available, but it is still questioned whether
~ situ methods can provide an alternative to surface mining.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 15(19): #N77-
28575. 1977.]
92
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C-0260-78
ONSHORE PLANNING FOR OFFSHORE OIL - LESSONS FROM SCOTLAND (book
review)
Hammond, R.E. 1976.
Coastal Zone Management Journal 2(2):189.
Offshore development, Onshore impacts, US, Scotland, *Planning
The title book [P.L. Baldwin and M.F. Baldwin. Washington, D.C.,
The Conservation Foundation, 1975.] lIoffers both a basic analyt-
ical framework applicable to offshore-oil-related plannin9 issues,
and a perceptive critique of the approach to offshore oil
development that presently prevails in the United States. II The
authors warn that planning should be specific to each case, but
draw anologies between Scotland and US offshore oil development
with emphasis on minimal environmental, social, and economic
disruption. It appears that oil pollution concerns are only
briefly mentioned.
C-0261-78
MARINE TERMINUS OF THE TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE
Hood, D.W. 1976.
Assessment of the Arctic Marine Environment: Selected Topics.
D.W. Hood and D.C. Burrell (eds.). Fairbanks, Alaska, University
of Alaska, Institute of Marine Science, 1976. p. 95-117.
(Occasional Publication NO.4.).
Environmental effects, Ballast, Wastewaters, Pipelines, Oil spills,
Marine organisms, Alaska, *Port Valdez
A review is presented of the environmental susceptibility of Port
Valdez. Topics covered include the effects of ballast water,
effluents and oil spills on the marine biota.
C-0262-78
ASSESSMENT OF THE ARCTIC MARINE ENVIRONMENT: SELECTED TOPICS
Hood, D.W., and D.C. Burrell (eds.). 1976.
Fairbanks, Alaska, universit( of Alaska, Institute of Marine
Science, 1976. xi + 468 p. Occasional Publication No.4.)
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Arctic
This book is based on topics selected from a symposium held in
August 1975 in Fairbanks, Alaska in conjunction with the Third
International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under
Arctic Conditions. Resource extraction, technology and engineer-
ing problems, phytoplankton importance, and the environmental
effects of man's activities are included, and four chapters com-
pri se the secti on IIHydrocarbons in the Arcti c Envi ronment. II
93
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C-0263-78
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF OFFSHORE OIL PRODUCTION: ALKANES IN THE
REGION OF THE BUCCANEER OILFIELD
Middleditch, B.S., B. Basile, and E.S. Chang. 1977.
Journal of Chromatography Vol. 142:777-785.
Hydrocarbons, Sources, Marine organisms, Offshore production,
Environmental effects, Chromatography
"n-Alkanes, pristane, and phytane are among the hydrocabons in
discharged brine from production platforms in the Buccaneer oil-
field. These compounds are detected in surface seawater samples,
but hydrocarbons in bottom water samples are apparently of bac-
terial origin. Petroleum alkanes are also found in shrimp, fish,
barnacles, plankton, and sediments."
C-0264-78
CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES OF THE SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA
Milne, A.R. 1976.
Assessment of the Arctic Marine Environment: Selected Topics.
D.IL Hood, and D.C. Burrell (eds.). Fairbanks, Alaska, University
of Alaska, Institute of Marine Science, 1976. p. 87-94.
(Occasional Publication No.4.).
Offshore exploration, Baseline studies, Environmental effects, Ice,
Beaufort Sea, Canada
The Beaufort Sea Project is a set of environmental studies upon
which are based recommendations for the allocation of a drilling
authority to the marine drilling companies interested in oil
exploration in these Canadian waters. This paper reviews the
program objectives for the scope of the project and baseline
studies. Included under project activities is a description of
the research craft, the biological surveys, physical studies,
ice climatology, and oil in ice.
C-0265-78
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 3. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR'S REPORTS JULY - SEPTEMBER 1976
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1976.
Quarterly Report, NOAA-77011701. 968 p.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Baseline studies,
OCS, Biological effects, Alaska
Baseline studies are presented on the environmental effects of
resources development on the outer continental shelf of Alaska.
Included are biological effects on various aquatic communities
and baseline studies of the physical oceanography of the area.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(19): #PB-269955/1GA.
1977. ]
94
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C-0266-78
OIL IN THE ARCTIC: 1.
PERSPECTIVES
Norton, D.W. 1977.
Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 2(3):207-214.
Environmental deterioration, Conservation, Oil industry.
Pipelines, Offshore development, Alaska
An ecologist's viewpoint of the historical, environmental and
political background to the Alaska oil pipeline and offshore
development is presented. The disruptive and adverse effects
of oil industry expansion and pipeline construction on Alaska's
conservation and environmental protection policies are detailed.
HISTORICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND REGIONAL
C-0267-78
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM OFFSHORE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION OF
OIL AND GAS
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (Paris).
1977.
Environment Directorate 32090. 95 p.
Offshore exploration, Offshore production, Environmental effects,
Oil spills, Legislation, Onshore impacts
Environmental impacts of offshore development are described,
including trends for OECD countries in terms of likely petroleum
reserves and potential pollution effects. Five subject areas
are covered in detail: (1) large accidental spills from off-
shore platforms and pipelines; (2) chronic pollution from off-
shore activities; (3) legislation concerning offshore construction;
(4) probability of occurrence of oil spills; and (5) onshore
effects.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 15(19): #W77-09258.
1977-]
C-0268-78
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF DRILLING MUDS AND CUTTINGS
Ray, J.R., and E.A. Shinn. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operations,
Houston, 1975. p. 533-545. Proceedings.
Offshore drilling, Environmental effects, Platforms, Marine
organisms, *Drilling discharges
A Shell research group studied some'of the environmental parameters
concerning offshore drilling discharges from an offshore Louisiana
drilling site. Drilling discharges were found to be rapidly dis-
persed and diluted in the water column to below toxic levels. There
appeared to be no visible detrimental effects of drilling discharges
to organisms living above the bottom, and cutting piles beneath
other platforms were repopulated with marine organisms.
95
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C-0269-78
AN EVALUATION OF LOUISIANA SUPERPORT STUDIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR
COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
Stone, J.H. 1976.
Coastal Zone Management Journal 3(1):7-37.
Ports, Economic effects, Environmental effects, Offshore
development, Onshore impacts, Louisiana, *Superport
Studies during the last 3 years on the economic and environmental
effects of a proposed Louisiana superport have provided technical
information and management alternatives. Discussed are state
control to avoid multiple superport developments, details for an
Environmental Protection Plan, onshore and offshore site compari-
sons, and plans for auxiliary development. Various analytical
methods for use in coastal zone management are assessed.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 17(20): #A77-43697.
1977.]
C-0270-78
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP ON ENVIRONMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE
GULF OF MEXICO
Texas A&M University. 1976.
ORO-5017-1, Conf-760363; Contract E(40-1)-5017. 55 p. Workshop
held at College Station, Texas, 15-16 March 1976.
Offshore development, Oil industry, Environmental effects, Mexico/
Gulf of
At this workshop, the most critical energy-related environmental
problems in the Gulf of Mexico were discussed and the framework
for a program of research to solve these problems was developed.
A major concern is activity related to the oil and gas industry:
production, transportation, processing, and use of petroleum
derived funds.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 15(17): #N77-
26787. 1977.]
C-0271-78
OILSPILL RISK ANALYSIS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF
LEASE AREA
US Geological Survey. 1976.
Reston, Virginia, US Geological Survey, 1976. 26 p.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Oil spills, OCS,
Atlantic Coast, *Risk analysis
The analysis covers spill probability, likely paths of pollutants
from spills, and locations in space and time of recreational and
biological resources apt to be vulnerable. The impacts are com-
bined to produce estimates of the overall oilspill risk associated
with offshore development.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(16): #39243. 1977.]
96
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C-0272-78
OILSPILL RISK ANALYSIS FOR THE SOUTH ATLANTIC OUTER CONTINENTAL
SHELF LEASE AREA
US Geological Survey. 1976.
Reston, Virginia, US Geological Survey, 1976. 57 p.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Oil spills, OCS,
Atlantic Ocean, *Risk analysis
The analysis covers spill probability, likely paths of pollutants
from spills, and locations in space and time of recreational and
biological resources apt to be vulnerable. "l~orst-case" conditions
are paid particular attention. The impacts are combined to pro-
duce estimates of the overall oil-spill risk associated with off-
shore development.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(16): #39244. 1977.]
C-0273-78
OIL IN THE ARCTIC: 2.
PROGRAM
Weller, G., and D.W. Norton. 1977.
Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 2(3):215-226.
Biological effects, Offshore development, Animals, Plants, Marine
organisms, OCS, Arctic, Ice, Environmental effects
Projects being conducted north of Bering Strait, as part of the
U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program,
are examined to see what they will contribute to an understanding
of environmental impacts of offshore petroleum development. One
group of projects covers hazards to arctic marine mammals, sea-
birds, fish, benthos, littoral biota, and plankton and to the sea
ice habitat. Other projects will provide chemical and oceanographic
baseline data, such as water movement and ice dynamics. In addi-
tion, the biological impact of oil in the Arctic, and hazards of
Arctic conditions on offshore oil exploration and production are
assessed.
THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ASSESSMENT
C-0274-78
EFFECTS OF DRILLING OPERATIONS ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Zingula, R.P. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling Operations,
Houston, 1975. p. 433-488. Proceedings.
Environmental effects, Biological effects, Offshore drilling,
Marine organisms
Exxon scientists studied the effects of offshore drilling opera-
tions on the marine environment. Suspended drilling solids were
found to decrease very rapidly in a short distance from the drill-
ing rig, mobile organisms were active on and around borehole
97
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cutting accumulations, and the cuttings were found to turn into
IInormalll sea bottom in several months. Chemicals normally used
in drilling were found to interact with and become diluted in
sea water. No adverse effects are reported.
98
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E.
FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1.
BIODEGRADATION
C-0275-78
ROLE OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND BACTERIOPLANKTON IN THE BIOLOGICAL
DECOMPOSITION OF SHALE TAR [in Russian]
Bogogosyan, A.T. 1975.
Materialy Vsesoyuznogo Simpoziuma po Sovremennym Problemam
Samoochishcheniya i Regulirovaniya Kachestva Vody, 5th.
(Materials of the All-Union Symposium on Current Problems of
Self-Purification and Regulation of Water Quality.) Vel 'ner,
Kh.A., et al. (eds.). Tallinn, USSR, Tallinskii Politekhnicheskii
Institur:- 1975. Vol. 3:3-8.
Biodegradation, Oil shale, Tar, Plankton, Algae, Bacteria
"Of 15 algae species, Chlorella vulgaris was the most resistant
to shale tar; it showed intensive photosynthesis in the presence
of shale tar and the necessary biogenic elements. Decomposition
of shale tar occurred at a high rate in the presence of a complex
mixture of algae and bacteria. II
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(19): #148437q. 1977.]
C-0276-78
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON ~.1ARINE BIODEGRADATION OF OIL, III.
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT CRUDE OIL RESIDUES AND EFFECTS OF SEA
WATER SOURCE
Davis, S.J., C.F. Gibbs, and K.B. Pugh. 1977-
Environmental Pollution 13(3):203-216.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Seawater, *Nutrients, *Respirometric
method
A respirometric method was used to study the degradation of North
Sea and Libyan crude oil residues and results were compared with
previous work. The differences found seemed to be due to micro-
bial adaptation to the nutrient regimes of winter sea water con-
trasted with summer sea water, rather than to the type of oil.
The supply of available nitrogen appeared to be the limiting
factor at any temperature, and approximately half of each crude
oil residue appeared almost undegradable. The relative density
of the North Sea oil residue did not exceed that of seawater;
further studies are needed to determine whether it will eventually
sink through weathering.
99
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C-0277-78
POLLUTION OF SOIL
de Haan, F.A.M., and
Soil Chemistry: A.
Bruggenwert (eds.).
1976. p. 192-271.
Biodegradation, Oil spills, Soil, Disposal, Sludge, *Aeration,
*Nutrient addition
The pollution of soil by various contaminants is reviewed, with
emphasis on their persistence, interactions with soil, and bio-
degradation. Included is a brief section on oil from spills and
oil sludge disposal. Biodegradation of oil in soil is aided by
aerobic conditions, by thorough mixing with the soil, and by
addition of nutrients containing phosphorus and nitrogen.
P.J. Zwerman. 1976.
Basic Elements. G.H. Bolt, and M.G.M.
Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers,
C-0278-78 ..
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON HYDROCARBON-OXIDIZING BACTERIA IN JAPANESE
COASTAL WATERS - I. SOME METHODS OF ENUMERATION OF HYDROCARBON-
OXIDIZING BACTERIA
Fujisawa, H., M. Murakami, and T. Manabe. 1977.
Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 43(6):
659-668.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Oxidation, Bacteria, Coasts, Japan,
*Enumeration methods
L-alanine and ammonium chloride are recommended as suitable organic
and inorganic nitrogen sources for hydrocarbon oxidizers in Japanese
coastal waters. Numbers of oxidizers in samples were determined
by the minimum dilution technique, and the accuracy of the numbers
was determined by the most probable number method. Emulsifica-
tion of the fluids incubated in the media and a decrease in pH
value were recognized as supplementary criteria for indicating
the existence of hydrocarbon oxidizers in sea water and bottom
sediment inocula.
C-0279-78
ISOLATION OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM (RIFAI) GROWING ON FERRIC
HYDROXIDE MUD IMPREGNATED WITH GAS OIL
Gudin, C., and K.W.A. Chater. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 14(1):1-4.
Biodegradation, Petroleum products, Hydrocarbons, Fungi,
*Trichoderma harzianum, *Ferric hydroxide mud
Ferric hydroxide mud, impregnated with gas oil, was found to
support the growth of a fungus. The organism, Trichoderma
harzianum Rifai, survived because of its biodegradation of the
gas oil. The implications are that hydrocarbons may be deleted
from an environment by microbial activity.
100
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C-0280-78
EFFECTS OF LEAD ON BIODEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN SOIL
Jensen, V. 1977.
Oikos 28(2-3):220-224.
Biodegradation, Waste oil disposal, Soil, Refineries, *Soil
cultivation process, *Lead
The effects of lead on biodegradation of oily refinery wastes in
soil were studied in model experiments of the soil cultivation
process of disposal of such wastes. A general reduction of bac-
terial populations and proliferation of a few fungal species
resulted from the addition of lead. While simple alkanes con-
tinued to be readily decomposed, the decomposition of heavy fuel
oil was significantly retarded.
C-0281-78
OXIDATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY SEA BACTERIA [in Russian]
Tsyban, A.V., A.N. Zubakina, S.P. Barinova, and I.M. Mikhaleva.
1977.
Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal 13(2):39-44.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, Seawater, USSR, *N-alkanes
Two different hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacterial cultures isolated
from the Caspian Sea and the Lena Estuary were studied. Both
cultures assimilated n-alkanes better than other hydrocarbons,
but Caspian Sea bacteria preferentially assimilated C1o-C14
n-alkanes and Lena Estuary cultures preferentially assimilated
the C16-C24 n-alkanes.
[from Chemical Abstracts 87(14): #106591e. 1977.]
2.
PHYSICAL CHANGES
C-0282-78
A METHOD FOR STUDYING THE SPREAD OF CONTAMINANTS IN THE OCEAN [in
Russian]
Eremeev, V.N., N.A. Zharov, V.A. Makarevich, and V.N. Markelov.
1976.
Morskie Gidrofizicheskie Issledovaniia, No. 3:94-105.
Models, Spreading, Contaminants, Oceans
The transport of contaminants (~.~., oil, heavy metals, and
radioactive isotopes) in the ocean is studied with a finite-
difference type model. The model was developed with consideration
101
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of the effect of large-scale oceanic dynamic processes on the
spread of the pollutant. Numerical results agree well with
experimental surveys.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 17(19): #A77-40801.
1977 .]
C-0283-78
AN EXPLANATION OF THE OIL SPILL FLOW FROM r1IZUSHIMA IN DECEMBER
1974 [English summary]
Konaga~ S.~ and K. Nishiyama. 1976.
Umi to Sora~ 51(2):71-77.
Oil spills~ Movement, Models, *Wind drift, *Gravity current
Wind drift and gravity current are given as explanation of the
rather rapid flow of an oil spill eastward from Mizushima.
"Observations and calculations may agree well by placing the
drag coefficient of the air sea interface, 1.2 x 10-3, internal
friction coefficient, 2.5 x 10-3, and bottom friction coefficient,
4.0 x 10-3, in a simple model, which is a narrow, long channel and
homogenous depth of 50 m."
C-0284-78
DRIFT VELOCITIES OF SURFACE FILMS OVER WAVES
Mohr, M.C. 1977.
f1asters Thesis. 95 p. PB-267661.
Oil slicks, Drift, Oceans, Pollution control, *Drift velocity,
*Wind, *Waves
The convection of a surface film under the action of wind- and
mechanically-generated waves was studied in a laboratory wind-
wave channel by using polyethylene sheets. The drift velocity
over wind-waves is a function of wind velocity and wave steepness.
However, the ratio of drift velocity to the shear velocity of the
turbulent air boundary layer was found to correlate uniquely
with the wave steepness. In a wave field characterized by wave
steepness, the effect of the wind on the drift velocity of sur-
face films predominates over that due to waves.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(16): #W77-08193.
1977.]
C-0285-78
FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENT AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISTRIBUTION AND
DISPERSAL IN NEW BEDFORD HARBOR AND WESTERN BUZZARDS BAY,
f1ASSACHUSETTS
Summerhayes, C.P., J.P. Ellis, P. Stoffers, S.R. Briggs, and
M.G. Fitzgerald. 1977-
Technical Report WHOI-76-115, NOAA-77060807~ Grants NOAA-04-6-
158-44016, NOAA-04-6-158-44106. 121 p.
102
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Movement, Sedimentation, Harbors, Industries, Massachusetts,
*New Bedford Harbor
This report culminates a 2-year study of the patterns of movement
and accumulation of fine-grained sediment, human waste, and
industrial wastes in New Bedford Harbor and its approaches.
Large amounts of heavy metals, oil, and grease are found in the
bottom sediments of the inner harbor and the navigation channel.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(19): #PB-269628/4GA.
1977.]
C-0286-78
MODELING OF OIL EVAPORATION IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT
Yang, W.C., and H. Wang. 1977.
Water Research 11(10):879-887.
Oil spills, Weathering, Evaporation, Models
Research developed a numerical model to predict changes in the
properties of oil spilled into water. No.2 fuel oil, Nigerian
crude, and Venezuelan crude were used to determine evaporation
parameters of spilled oil. Temperature, wind speed, solar
radiation, and the size of the spill are factors in determining
the rate of evaporation.
3.
CHEMICAL CHANGES
C-0287-78
FORMATION OF TOXIC PRODUCTS FROM A #2 FUEL OIL BY PHOTOOXIDATION
Larson, R.A., L.L. Hunt, and D.W. Blankenship. 1977.
Environmental Science & Technology 11(5):492-496.
Fuel oil, Oxidation, Biological effects, Toxicity, Yeast,
*Photooxidation
Oxygenated compounds toxic to baker's yeast and relatively soluble
in water were formed by simulated environmental UV irradiation of
a No.2 fuel oil. Toxicity reached a maximum at 24 hr and was
principally due to reactive peroxides. Addition of thiacyclo-
hexane eliminated much of the photo-induced toxicity.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(5): #77-04256. 1977.]
103
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C-0288-78
PHOTOOXIDATION PRODUCTS OF NO.2 FUEL OIL AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
Larson, R.A., L.L. Hunt, and D.W. Blankenship. 1977.
American Chemical Society Middle Atlantic Regional Meeting,
11th, 1977. Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, 1977.
n.p.
Fuel oil, Oxidation, Biological effects, Toxicity, Marine
organisms, *Photooxidation
A No.2 fuel oil, on exposure to simulated environmental irradiation,
absorbed O2 and became very toxic to aquatic organisms. There was
a rapid buildup of hydroperoxides; addition of mild reducing agents
to the oil destroyed them and eliminated most of the photo-induced
toxicity. ~~hen irradiation was continued, other classes of toxic
compounds (phenols, phenolic acids, aromatic ketones) were pro-
duced. Methods for the separation and determination of acidic
oxidation products from oils are discussed.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(5): #77-04199. 1977.]
4.
GENERAL FATE OF OIL
C-0289-78
NORWEGIANS LOSE TRACK OF BLOWOUT POLLUTION (news brief)
Anon. 1977 .
Sea Technology 18(10):24.
Ekofisk blowout, Drift, Crude oil, Oil slicks
The US-based Norwegian Information Service reports that all
traces of the oil from the Ekofisk blowout have been lost.
Authorities earlier speculated that the slick would have
reached North German coastlines by late 1977. The oil was
last seen in June 1977.
C-0290-78
"SLIKTRAK" - A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF OFFSHORE OIL SPILLS
Anon. 1977.
Spill Technology Newsletter 2(4):35-41.
Oil spills, Cost analysis, Fate, Models, North Sea, Ekofisk
blowout, *SLIKTRAK program
The Sliktrak program was developed by Shell International
Petroleum to model the behavior and fate of oil spilled on the
open sea, with special emphasis on North Sea situations. The
104
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model provides a fast and realistic method for evaluating the
order of magnitude of expectable pollution costs and cleanup
requirements for a spill at sea. The April 1977 Ekofisk blow-
out confirmed the model's viability and its predictions that
little if any of the oil spilled would reach North Sea shores.
C-0291-78
USGS SCIENTISTS HONORED FOR OILSPILL RISK ANALYSIS (news brief)
Anon. 1977 .
Sea Technology 18(9):44.
Models, Statistical analysis, Offshore development, Oil spills,
OCS, *Spill trajectory
James R. Slack, mathematician, and Dr. Richard A. Smith,
hydrologist, at the USGS National Center received awards for
their work in IIdeveloping programming, and using a computer
model for making estimates of the risks that oilspills from
potential oil development on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS)
will have on critical biological and environmental resources. II
Their analysis provides the most pessimistic but statistically
valid forecast of oilspill risk possible.
C-0292-78
LONG-TERM TRANSPORT OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN DELAWARE
ESTUARY SEDIMENTS FOLLOHING THE IICORINTHOSII OIL SPILL OF JANUARY,
1975
Fiest, D.L., and J.F. Wehmiller. 1977.
American Chemical Society Middle Atlantic Regional Meeting, 11th,
1977. Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, 1977. n.p.
Hydrocarbons, Fate, Sedimentation, Estuaries, Restoration,
Delaware, *Corinthos oil spill
The aliphatic fraction of benzene-methanol extracts of >80 bottom
sediment grab samples taken in the Delaware Estuary were charac-
terized. 1I0ver 12 stations between Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania,
and the lightering area have been reoccupied over a 14 mo. period
subsequent to the Corinthos oil spill at Marcus Hook, in
January, 1975.11 Findings related to the sediment transport of
petroleum hydrocarbons are discussed.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(5): #77-04197. 1977.J
105
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C-0293-78
SMALL RADIO BUOY FOLLOWS OIL SLICKS
Fingas, M. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(10):29-30.
Oil slicks, Monitoring, Drift, Design-engineering, *Tracking buoy
A small oil spill tracking buoy was designed, and produced by Orion
Electronics Limited in Nova Scotia. The buoy floats at the same
rate as water-borne oil, and is equipped with a transmitter device
so that it may be tracked, especially in inclement weather. Trials
in 1976 showed that the buoy worked in practice and further, these
trials led to design improvements.
C-0294-78
SEA SURFACE CIRCULATION IN THE NORTHWEST APEX OF THE NEW YORK
BIGHT - ~~ITH APPENDIX: BOTTor,1 DRIFT OVER THE COfITINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 1. VOLUME I I, PART 1. DIAGRAMS AND DATA FOR INTERFACE
DRIFT CARDS. PART 2. DIAGRAMS AND DATA FOR SEABED DRIFTERS
Hardy, C.C., E.R. Baylor, and P. Moskowitz. 1976.
NOAA-TM-ERL-MESA-13, NOAA-77050502. 334 p. Technical memorandum.
Movement, Sea surface, Oil slicks, OCS, Oil transport, Oil
discharges, New York
This preliminary study of the movement of the sea surface in the
New York Bight represents an ~ttempt to observe the movement of
simulated slicks under field conditions. Field observations
permit assessment of: lithe relative risk of coherent slicks
converging onto the shore resulting from the operation of working
oil fields on the outer continental shelf, from oil tanker and
pipeline commerce and ocean dumping; and the meteorological and
oceanographic conditions which effect whether, where and when
slicks will strand on Long Island."
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(18): #PB-269028j7GA.
1977. ]
(-0295-78
MARINE POLLUTANT TRANSFER. VOL. XII (book review)
Kraybill, H.F. 1977.
Environmental Research 14(1):182.
Hydrocarbons, Distribution, Seawater, Sediments, ~1arine organisms,
Environmental effects
This volume [H.L. Windo~, and R.A. Duce (eds.). Lexington, Massa-
chusetts, D.C. Heath and Company, 1976. viii + 392 p.] consists of
the proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop sponsored by the
National Science Foundation. The air, sea, and sediments are
addressed in terms of transfer and geographic distribution of
pollutants. [ffects of rollutants such as hydrocarbons on marine
animals and the aquatic environment are discussed.
106
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C-0296-78
POLLUTION PROCESSES (book review)
Livingston, R.J. 1977.
Science 198(4315):392.
Hydrocarbons, Weathering, Fate, Oceans, *Pollutant transfer
The book Marine Pollutant Transfer [H.L. Windom,and R.A. Duce
(eds.). Lexington, Massachusetts, D.C. Heath and Company, 1976.
viii + 392 p.] is concerned with the transfer of pollutants,
including heavy metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and petroleum
hydrocarbons in the marine environment. The reviewer points out
minor areas of omission in the scope of the subject, but considers
the book useful to marine researchers because of its clarity of
organization. Of the 15 chapters, Chapters 7-10 and 12 are
directly relevant to petroleum hydrocarbons.
C-0297-78
SURVEILLANCE OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FOR PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
McAuliffe, C.D. 1976.
Assessment of the Arctic Marine Environment: Selected Topics.
D.W. Hood and D.C. Burrell (eds.). Fairbanks, Alaska, University
of Alaska, Institute of Marine Science 1976. p. 403-424.
(Occasional Publication No.4.).
Hydrocarbons, Seawater, Sediments, Weathering, Biodegradation,
*Photooxidation
The natural and anthrogenic inputs of hydrocarbons in marine waters
and sediments are reviewed. The natural mechanisms by which the
hydrocarbons are physically destroyed through weathering, biodegra-
dation and photooxidation are discussed.
C-0298-78
A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF BASIC TECHNIQUES FOR PREDICTING THE
BEHAVIOR OF SURFACE OIL SLICKS
Stolzenbach, K.D., O.S. Madsen, E.E. Adams, A.M. Pollack, and
C.K. Cooper. 1977.
Sea Grant Program Report, MITSG-77-8, NOAA-77042906, Grant NOAA-
04-6-158-44081. 326 p.
Oil slicks, Behavior, Models
The techniques reviewed enable predictions to be made which are
needed to effect protective measures to minimize oil spill impacts.
The following are discussed: representation and determination of
wind fields; advection of oil slicks due to currents and wind-
waves; physical changes in an oil slick; and review and evaluation
of models for oil slick behavior. A comprehensive bibliography is
included.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(18): #PB-268 220/1GA.
1977,]
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C-0299-78
STUDIES ON SEA ICE CHEMISTRY: STATE OF THE ART AND OBJECTIVES
[English summary]
Tsurikov, V.L., and A.P. Tsurikova. 1977.
Okeanologiya 17(1):55-64.
Ice, Fate, Movement, Offshore development, *Oil-in-ice
Chemical properties of sea ice and the biogenic and organic
matter (including living organisms) contained in sea ice are
considered. The role of ice as a carrier of pollutant oil is
unknown. Further studies are deemed important in view of oil-
field developments on the Northern shelves.
[from Biological Abstracts 64(8): #43971. 1977.]
C-0300-78
THE CHEDABUCTO BAY SPILL -- ARROW, 1970
Vandermeulen, J.H. 1977.
Oceanus 20(4):31-39.
Chedabucto Bay, Fuel oil, Decomposition, Fate, *Wave energy
The tanker Arrow sank February 4, 1970, spilling 1.7 million L
(450,000 gal) of Bunker C fuel oil into Chedabucto Bay, Nova
Scotia. The natural erosion of the oil has been studied; about
75% disappeared in 2 years. Wave energy directly affects the
erosion rate and the "half 1 ife" of the oil. Lagoons and
estuaries have a potentially long half-life of oil, due to mild
wave action. Other results of the study are that oil, in decom-
posing, may change chemically, thereby creating other problems.
C-0301-78
STUDIES OF PERSISTENCE OF OIL POLLUTION IN THE STRAIT OF MAGELLAN
AFTER THE "METULA" SPILL
Wickramasinghe, R.H., A.L. Mills, J.D. Walker, R.R. Colwell, et
al. 1977. --
American Chemical Society Middle Atlantic Regional Meeting, 11th,
1977. Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, 1977.
Abstract.
Metula spill, Crude oil, Fate, Hydrocarbons, Biodegradation,
Magellan/Strait of
Selected sites in oil-impacted and oil-free areas in the Straits
of Magellan were sampled in May, 1976. The high levels of total
extractable material and of aliphatic and aromatic material in
samples from the oil-impacted sites, after 2 years postspill,
indicated that petroleum degradation under cold climatic condi-
tions proceeds at a relatively slow rate.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(5): #77-04198. 1977.]
108
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C-0302-78
TAR 'SPECKS' IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC
Zsolnay, A. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(5):116-117.
Tar, Seawater, Fate, Distribution, Filtration, Atlantic Ocean
When seawater is filtered, a large number of dark specks are
found on the filter and they are likely to be sunken pieces of
tar, based on their high UV-absorbence. Six cruises in the
North Atlantic surveyed 7 water columns and results indicate
that there are considerable amounts of tar below the ocean's
surface (an average of 0.12 ~g/L) and that tar speck distribu-
tions are independent of hydrographic conditions.
109
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F.
OIL POLLUTION REGULATIONS
1.
US LEGISLATION
C-0303-78
ECO NOTES: IN BRIEF (news brief)
Bass, D. 1977.
Environmental Action 9(10):13.
Legislation, US, California, Oil industry. *Coastal zone
management
The Office of Coastal Zone Management has been restrained by
U.S. District Judge Francis Whelan from adopting California's
restrictive coastal zone management plan. The suit was filed
by 19 oil companies and two oil industry trade associations.
C-0304-78
CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE
REMOVAL
U.S. Coast Guard. 1976.
Federal Register 41(59):12628-12634.
Oil discharges, Regulations, Spill cleanup, Pollution control,
USCG
The Department of Transportation has issued rules concerning
notification to the Coast Guard of the discharge of oil or
hazardous substances, the removal of the discharged oil. and the
costs or reimbursements that may be imposed or recovered for
removal of the discharged substances. A vessel or an onshore or
offshore facility will be assessed a fine for the illegal dis-
charge of the proscribed substances.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 15(18): #W77-08987.
1977.]
C-0305-78
SITE EVALUATION AND PRECONSTRUCTION TESTING AT POTENTIAL DEEPWATER
PORT LOCATIONS
U.S. Coast Guard. 1976.
Federal Register 41(79):16798-16801.
Offshore development, Ports, Regulations, USCG, *Deepwater Port
Act
liThe procedural regulations concerning license applications under
the Deepwater Port Act of 1974 have been amended to require that
advance notice and site evaluation reports be furnished to the Coast
Guard by any individual engaged in deepwater port site evaluation
110
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or preconstruction testing, and to establish a mechanism whereby
the Commandant may regulate these activities."
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 15(18): #W77-08989.
1977. ]
C-0306-78
OIL POLLUTION LIABILITY
U.S. Congress. 1976.
House Committee on Merchant Marine Fisheries Hearings. 94th
Congress 1 & 2, Oct 29. Nov. 4, 12, 18, Dec. 2, 4, 16, 1975;
Jun. 29, 1976. 373 p.
Liability. Compensation, Oil spills, International conventions,
Spill cleanup, *Oil spill fund
"Hearings were held to consider H.R. 9294 and H.R. 10969, bills
to provide a comprehensive system of liability and compensation
for oil spill damage and removal costs and to implement the inter-
national convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage
and the international convention on the establishment of an inter-
national compensation fund for oil pollution damage; and H.R.
10363 and H.R. 10756, bills to establish a uniform and comprehen-
sive legal regime governing liability and compensation for
damage and cleanup costs caused by oil pollution of the marine
envi ronment. "
[from Environment Abstracts 7(7/8):
#77-03914.
1977 .]
2.
INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
C-0307-78
A MEDITERRANEAN COUNCIL TO COMBAT POLLUTION
Borgese, E.M. 1975.
The Tides of Change. Peace, Pollution, and Potential of the
Oceans. E.M. Borgese and D. Krieger (eds.). New York, Mason/
Charter, 1975. p. 211-219.
International agreements, Legislation, Pollution control,
Mediterranean Sea, *UN Conference/Law of the Sea
The model draft agreement for the Mediterranean Council to
Combat Pollution given at the 1974-75 United Nations Conference
on the Law of the Sea is presented.
111
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C-0308-78
THE UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM: THE MEDITERRANEAN
CONFERENCES
DeHoyos, D. 1976.
Harvard International Law Journal 17:639-649.
International conventions, Pollution control, Monitoring,
Economics, Mediterranean Sea, *UNEP
The Untied Nations Environment Program (UNEP) sponsored regional
conferences in 1975 and 1976 in which the states bordering the
Mediterranean drafted and adopted an Action Plan, a Convention,
and two Protocols to deal with pollution control in the Medi-
terranean Sea. As part of the Action Plan, a series of seven
pilot projects on marine pollution, the Coordinated Pollution
Monitoring and Research Program, was established. The nineteen
Mediterranean states are demonstrating admirable cooperation in
this plan for regional pollution control. This is an important
political and economic move, especially if the UN adopts a 370 km
(200 mi) economic zone for the states, and in view of the complex
demands for research, monitoring, planning, control, and abatement
measures.
3.
FOREIGN LEGISLATION
C-0309-78
CANADA'S PROCLAIMED 200-MILE FISHING LIMIT AND ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPLICATIONS
Waldichuk, M. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(8):175-183.
*Fishing limit, Legislation, Surveillance, Fisheries, Pollution
prevention, Canada
This report provides some background material leading up to
Canada's establishment of a 370 km (200 nautical mi) fishing
limit, and examines the fisheries and environmental implications.
Marine pollution control will require special consideration under
this zonation, with surveillance and application of existing
legislation providing the means for avoiding such disasters as
the Argo Merchant spill. Baseline studies are needed for future
monitoring programs.
112
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4.
STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
C-0310-78
DIRECTORY OF FEDERAL AND STATE WATER POLLUTION STANDARDS
Patterson, J.W. 1976.
Final report IIEQ-77-06.
Legislation, Guidelines,
*Effluent limitations
This Directory brings together enacted legislation on effluent
and water quality standards of the 50 states and EPA effluent
limitation guidelines for industrial discharges. Direct compari-
son of the federal and state effluent limitations is made
possible by conversion of the federal guidelines (promulgated on
a mass discharge basis) to a concentration basis.
[from Government Reports Announcements 71(18): #PB-267 798/7GA.
1977 . ]
331 p.
Water quality, Industries, US, EPA,
5. AGREEMENTS AND CONVENTIONS
C-0311-78
INTERVENTION ON THE HIGH SEAS (IN CASES OF POLLUTION): AN
AMERICAN APPROACH EMPLOYING COMMUNITY STANDARDS
Bissell, W.K. 1976.
Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 7(4):718-735.
International conventions, Pollution control, Contingency
planning
The author analyzes the importance of the Convention Relating to
Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casual-
ties. Attention is focussed on the community standards and
functional approach applied to an exclusive coastal state activity,
and on the need to develop competent contingency plans.
113
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SECTION II:
CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS
Title, contract information, and a summary of project objectives are provided
in each entry. Project notices have been obtained from: the Smithsonian
Science Information Exchange (SSIE); API Annual Report on Research Projects;
Marine Research Information Service Abstracts; Scientific and Technical Aero-
space Reports; Department of Environment, Canada, Spill Technology Newsletter;
Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center Monthly Report; and written inquiries
to organizations and researchers. Current status information and publications
resulting from the projects are presented when such information is available
from the principal investigators or performing organizations. The source of
status information is given at the end of each entry.
Entries are grouped according to subject and then ordered sequentially with a
citation number R- -78. Some of the projects listed in previous Oil
Pollution Reports have been recently renewed. These projects have been re-
listed with a current serial number, followed by the original number in
parentheses. To locate the original entry, refer to the following list:
Citation Numbers
R-OOl-74 to
R-166-74 to
R-245-74 to
R-269-74 to
R-269-75 to
R-OOl-76 to
R-036-76 to
R-064-76 to
R-124-76 to
R-OOl-77 to
R-023-77 to
R-040-77 to
R-076-77 to
Dates Covered
Report Number
R-165-74
R-244-74
R-268-74
R-342-74
R-304-75
R-035-76
R-063-76
R-123-76
R-175-76
R-022-77
R-039-77
R-075-77
R-096-77
July 74 - Oct. 74
Nov. 74 - Feb. 75
Feb. 75 - Apr. 75
May 75 - July 75
Aug. 75 - Oct. 75
Nov. 75 - Jan. 76
Feb. 76 - Apr. 76
May 76 - July 76
Aug. 76 - Oct. 76
Nov. 76 - Jan. 77
Feb. 77 - Apr. 77
May 77 - July 77
Aug. 77 - Oct. 77
EPA-670/2-75-003
EPA-670/2-75-044
EPA-670/2-75-059
EPA-600/2-76-129
EPA-600/2-76-113
EPA-600/2-76-185
EPA-600/2-76-215
EPA-600/2-76-266
EPA-600/2-77-037
EPA-600/2-77-075
EPA-600/2-77 -111
Submitted to EPA 8/77
Submitted to EPA 11/77
114
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A.
OIL POllUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1.
SAMPLING
R-001-78
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BASELINE FOR NORTHERN PUGET SOUND AND THE
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Macleod, W.O., and G. Snyder
NOAA National Analytical Facility,
Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center,
National Marine Fisheries Service,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington. D.C. 20460
2/77 to 2/78
Sampling, Baseline studies, Chemical analysis, Mollusks, Sediments,
Puget Sound
This study is being conducted as a preliminary baseline design
program for the MESA Puget Sound Project. Research components
include: 1) preliminary sampling investigation; 2) quarterly
sampling of mussels (18 sites) and sediments (19 sites);
3) chemical analysis of composite samples to determine hydro-
carbon concentrations; 4) frozen storage of duplicate samples
for future analysis; and 5) interpretation of data.
Reports and Publications
The preliminary design report is available from the MESA
Project Office. The final report is scheduled for March 1978.
Project Office Contact: E.R. long
Information Source: H.S. Harris, Project Manager,
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA,
Environmental Research Laboratories,
MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle. WA 98115
R-002-78 (R-077-77)
NEW APPROACHES TO THE PRESERVATION OF CONTAMINANTS IN WATER
SAMPLES
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Saxena, J.
Syracuse University Res. Corp.,
Merrill Lane, University Heights,
Syracuse, NY 13210
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development,
No. R80460901
9/76 to 8/79
115
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Sampling, Contaminants, Wastewaters, Microorganisms, *Preservation
This project will test new methods of water sample preservation.
Nitrogen and phosphorus series, oil, grease, and organic carbon
are the sample parameters that will be stabilized. Four phases
of study will encompass the following: 1) evaluation of the
effectiveness of the proposed preservation methods in controlling
microorganisms; 2) study of the stability of the contaminants
in natural waters; 3) study of the effects of storage and trans-
portation parameters on the preservation methods; and 4) simpli-
fication of the methods for field application, cost benefit
analysis, and comparisons with currently used methods.
[SSIE No. GMA-3256]
Status: The first year of this three year project has been
completed. Studies undertaken include the effect of antibiotics
on cell growth and oxygen utilization, and the effectiveness
of certain antibiotics in stabilizing the levels of nitrate,
nitrite, and phosphate in municipal wastewaters. The second year
research will be devoted to determination of the relative ef-
fectiveness of other preservatives in preventing changes in
sample test parameters. Studies of the stabilization of
phenols, oil and grease and ammonia in natural waters will be
included.
Informatibn Source:
Dr. J. Saxena, Syracuse University Res. Corp.,
Merrill Lane, University Heights,
Syracuse, NY 13210
2.
ANALYSIS
Supporting Agency:
R-003-78 (R-079-77)
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: CHARACTERISTICS AND STABILITY OF COLLOIDAL
MATERIAL ACCOMMODATING HYDROCARBONS IN THE OPEN OCEAN
Principal Investigator: Zsolnay. A.
Performing Organization: Bermuda Biological Station for
Research, St. Georges,
St. Georges West, Bermuda
U.S. Department of Defense, Navy,
No. DN675l24,
Contract N00014-76-C-0029
10/76 to 9/77
$39,948
Period:
Funds:
Hydrocarbons, Seawater, Benthos, Sediment, Chemical Analysis,
*Transport
116
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This project will study the contributions of organic compounds
to characterize the chemical and biological properties of sea-
water, their role as an energy source for the benthic community,
and their effect on sediment physiocochemical properties. The
mechanism of transport of this material is emphasized. Seawater
samples will be collected from the Sargasso Sea for fractionation
of colloids and subsequent removal and chemical analysis of sorbed
hydrocarbons.
[SSIE No. GQN-675124]
Reports and Publications
THE EFFECTS OF PELAGIC HYDROCARBONS ON THE ROCKY INTERTIDAL
FLORA AND FAUNA OF BERMUDA
Maynard, N., C. Gebelein, and A. Zsolnay. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup). New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 499-503.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284.)
BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES OF THE
ROCKY SHORES OF BERMUDA
Zsolnay, A., N. Maynard, and C. Gebelein. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977.
CAUTION IN THE USE OF NISKIN BOTTLES FOR HYDROCARBON
SAMPLES
Zsolnay, A. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin. In press.
HYDROCARBON AND CHLOROPHYLL CORRELATION
BETWEEN NOVA SCOTIA AND THE GULF STREAM
Zsolnay, A. 1977.
Deep-Sea Research Vol. 24:199-207-
IN THE WATERS
INVENTORY OF NON-VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS AND HYDROCARBONS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Zsolnay, A. 1977.
Marine Chemistry. In press.
LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH AND
UV ADSORPTION INDICATORS OF PETROLEUM POLLUTION AND ORGANISMS
Zsolnay, A. 1977.
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. In press.
SORPTION OF BENZENE ON PARTICULATE MATTER FROM THE SEA
Zsol nay. A. 1977
Rapports et Proces-verbaux des Reunions. Conseil Inter-
national pour 1 IExploration de la Mer Vol. 171:117-119.
TAR "SPECKS" FOUND IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC
Zsolnay, A. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(5):116-117.
For summary, see citation C-0302-78.
117
-------
TOTAL AND AROr~TIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE SURFACE WATER OF
THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA: 1975
Zsolnay, A., B.F. Morris, and J.N. Butler. 1977.
Manuscript in preparation.
WEATHERING OF TAR ON A ROCKY SHORE OF BERMUDA
Zsolnay, A. 1977.
Submitted for publication.
Information Source:
A. Zsolnay, Duke University Marine
Laboratory, Pivers Island,
Beaufort, NC 28516
118
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B.
OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1.
WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS
R-004-78
WASTEWATER EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS OF REFINERIES
STATE
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
IN WASHINGTON
Period:
Pizzo, J.
Oceanographic Institute of Washington,
Seattle, WA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington, D.C. 20460
5/76 to 11/76
Supporting Agency:
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Baseline studies, Crude oil,
Puget Sound
Puget Sound oil refineries were assessed as potential sources
in this hydrocarbon baseline study for the MESA Puget Sound
Project. Each U.S. refinery was characterized as to: 1) amounts
and sources of incoming crude oil; 2) operational processes;
3) types and quantities of refined products produced; 4) com-
ponents of wastewater resulting from the refining processes;
and 5) wastewater treatment processes.
Reports and Publications
WASHINGTON STATE REFINERIES: PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM DERIVATIVES
AND WASTEWATER EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS
Oceanographic Institute of Washington. 1976.
Final Report, NOAA Contract No. 03-6-022-35189. Seattle,
Washington, Oceanographic Institute of Washington, 1976.
(Published as NOAA/ERL/MESA Technical Memorandum.)
This study was conducted in order to describe in detail the
types of petroleum and petroleum derivatives that potentially
could reach the waters of Puget Sound. This involved the
collection and summary of available information on the
chemical characteristics, amounts processed, and final
disposal of crude oils, refined products, and wastewater
effluents associated with the Puget Sound refineries.
Project Office Contact: R.P. Kopenski
Information Source: H.S. Harris, Project Manager, U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, NOAA, Environmental Research
Laboratories, MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle WA 98115
119
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2.
CONTINGENCY PLANNING
R-005-78
OIL IN WASHINGTON: APPLICABILITY OF MODELS TO ~~RINE ENVIRON-
MENTAL QUESTIONS AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS
Principal Investigator: Pizzo, J.
Performing Organization: Oceanographic Institute of Washington,
Seattle, WA.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460
5/76 to 10/76
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Contingency planning, Models, Environmental effects, Resource
management, Oil industry, Oil transport, State governments,
Washington
As part of the MESA Puget Sound Project, research included:
1) description of alternatives for development of the petroleum
industry in Puget Sound through 1985; 2) identification of
governmental management questions regarding potential marine
environmental impacts; and 3) presentation of potential model
applications for problem solving in this area of resource
management. Acceptability of damage risk from spills is found
to be the central environmental question concerning oil transport
and handling.
Reports and Publications
OIL IN WASHINGTON: APPLICABILITY OF MODELS TO MARINE
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT QUESTIONS AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS
Oceanographic Institute of Washington. 1976.
Seattle, Washington, Oceanographic Institute of Washington,
1976. Vol.!.
This study assesses the use of models to solve state and
local governmental management questions which could arise
from alternative developments of the petroleum industry
in Puget Sound through 1985. The socio-economic impacts
of potential oil spills are considered of primary im-
portance. Risk, transport, and ecological models are
developed; 9 conclusions and 7 recommendations are made.
Project Office Contact: R.P. Kopenski
Information Source: H.S. Harris, Project Manager, U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, NOAA, Environmental Research
Laboratories, MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115
120
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C.
ASPECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1.
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
R-006-78
DISTRIBUTIONS OF SUSPENDED MATTER IN NORTHERN PUGET SOUND AND
HYDROCARBON ADSORPTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVERINE SUSPENDED
PARTICULATES
Principal Investigators:
Performing Organization:
Period:
Baker, E., J. Cline, and R. Feely
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460
7/76 to 9/77
Supporting Agency:
Crude oil, Food chain, Benthos, Adsorption, Distribution,
Puget Sound, *Suspended particles
With greatly intensified tanker traffic in the Puget Sound
region, the threat of significant additions of crude oil to
the marine environment has prompted this study. The serious
problems posed for the food chain through oil ingestion by
the detrital feeders of the water column and the benthic
deposit feeders are recognized. Research will focus on:
1) determination of suspended particulate loading in the waters
of northern Puget Sound; 2) characterization of petroleum
hydrocarbons presently adsorbed to suspended particles;
3) characterization of the ability of riverine suspended matter
to adsorb Prudhoe Bay crude oil; and 4) determination of dissolved
low molecular weight hydrocarbon concentrations.
Project Office Contact: R.P. Kopenski
Information Source: H.S. Harris, Project Manager, U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, NOAA, Environmental Research
Laboratories, MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way, NE, Seattle, WA 98115
Supporting Agency:
R-007-78
PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY OF THE OCEAN INSECT HALOBATES
Principal Investigator: Cheng, L.
Performing Organization: University of California,
Scripps Institute of Oceanography,
P.O. Box 1529, San Diego, CA 92038
National Science Foundation,
Division of Ocean Sciences,
1800 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20550
No. OCE76-19786
11/76 to 10/77
$10,400
121
Period:
Funds:
-------
Insects, Hydrocarbons, *P1euston, *Bio-indicator, *Ha1obates
The basic biology and physiological ecology of the p1eustonic
Ha10bates will be studied. Data from this research may
contribute to using this insect as a sensitive bio-indicator
of petroleum hydrocarbon and pesticide pollution.
[SSIE No. CH-B76.]
R-008-78
MARINE MAMMAL INVESTIGATIONS
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA
Principal Investigators:
Performing ORganization:
IN NORTHERN PUGET SOUND AND THE
Period:
Fiscus, C., R. Delong, and R. Everitt
Marine Mammals Division
NWAFC/NMFS/NOAA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research & Development
401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460
11/77 to 2/79
Supporting Agency:
Marine mammals, Distribution, Coasts, Puget Sound, *Harbor seal
The purpose of this study for the MESA Puget Sound Project
is .to characterize the marine mammal populations which are
vulnerable to the increasing petroleum-related activities in
this area. Emphasis will be placed upon the harbor seal
population, and upon those coastlines most vulnerable to oil
incursions.
Project Office Contact: E.R. long
Information Source: H.S. Harris, Project Manager, U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, NOAA, Environmental Research
laboratories, MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115
R-009-78 (R-096-77)
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF AIR FORCE CHEMICALS
AND SOIL
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
IN AIR, WATER
Supporting Agency:
Inman, R.C.
U.S. Air Force, Aerospace Medical
Research laboratory, Wright Patterson
A.F.B., Dayton, OH 45433
U.S. Department of Defense,
Air Force, No. DF320520
10/76 to 9/77
Period:
122
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Fuels, Fish, Toxicity, Acute effects, Chronic effects, WSF
The degradation of Air Force critical materials introduced
into an aquatic or terrestrial environment and the degradation
rate kinetics will be studied. Data will be used in compiling
environmental impact statements or assessments on weapons
systems using these chemicals.
[SSIE No. ZQF-320520]
Status: The latest annual report completed is titled "En-
vironmental Quality Research Fish and Aufwuchs Bioassay" and
was conducted by the University of California, Berkeley. The
effects of the jet fuel JP-8 and hydrazine as potential en-
vironmental contaminants on freshwater and marine fish were
evaluated. Acute and chronic bioassays on the toxicity of the
WSF of JP-8 to the freshwater fish golden shiner and the marine
flagfish were conducted. Results include the effect of pH on
toxicity, egg hatchability, growth and development of fry, and
tissue concentration.
Information Source:
C.B. Harrah, Environmental Quality Branch,
Toxic Hazards Division, 6570th Aerospace
Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-
Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433
R-010-78
MEMBRANE TOXICITY THEORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS
Principal Investigator: Kinter, W.B.
Performing Organization: Mount Desert Island Biol. Lab.,
Old Bar Harbor Rd., Salsbury Cove,
ME 04672
U.S. Dept. of Health, Education &
Welfare, Public Health Service;
National Inst. of Health, National
Inst. of Environmental Health Sciences,
P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27709. No. ROl ES 00920-04
6/76 to 5/77
$73,564 (FY 76)
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds:
123
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Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Birds, Fish, Health hazards, *Altered
membrane
liThe immediate objective is comprehensive physiological-
biochemical-morphological evaluation of the effects of heavy
metal, petroleum and organochlorine pollutants on osmoregulatory
and nutritive membrane functions in selected species of aquatic
birds and fish. II The long-term objective is the evaluation of
the role of altered membrane as one of the primary mechanisms
of pollutant toxicity. The cell membrane theory of toxicity
is an approach to: 1) explaining toxicities of known pollutants;
2) designing indicator tests for environmental warning; and
3) predicting future health hazards including synergistic
effects.
[SSIE No. lES-920-4J
R-011-78
SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON IN THE
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA
Principal Investigators:
Performing Organization:
Period:
Larrance, J., and D. Damkaer
Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460
1/76 to 7/78
Supporting Agency:
Plankton, Distribution, Intertidal zone, Baseline study. *Strait
of Juan de Fuca
The purpose of this study for the MESA Puget Sound Project
concerning oil pollution is to develop a broad characterization
of the planktonic populations in the title area. Emphasis will
be placed upon the ichthyoplankton and planktonic stages of
intertidal organisms which represent economically valuable
species. The major taxonomic groups, their horizontal and
vertical distributions, and seasonal variability will be
determined.
Reports and Publications
PUGET SOUND ENERGY-RELATED RESEARCH PROJECT, PLANKTON STUDIES
Chester, A., D. Damkaer, D. Dey, and J. Larrance. 1977.
Seattle, Washington, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory,
1977. Annual Report 1/76-1/77.
124
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Plankton samples were taken in the Strait of Juan de Fuca
to study community composition and distribution. Seven
cruises during 1976 sampled phytoplankton, zooplankton,
and ichthyoplankton.
Project Office Contact: E.R. Long
Information Source: H.S. Harris, Project Manager, U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, NOAA, Environmental Research
Laboratories, MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115
R-012-78
MARINE BIRD INVESTIGATIONS IN THE STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA AND
NORTHERN PUGET SOUND
Principal Investigators:
Performing Organization:
Period:
Manuwal, D.A., and T.R. Wahl
College of Forest Resources,
University of Washington
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington, D.C. 20460
12/77 to 3/79
Supporting Agency:
Birds, Habitat, Oil spills, Distribution, Puget Sound
The objective of this study is to characterize the marine bird
populations of the title region and to identify sub-regions
and/or habitats of significance to these populations. The
vulnerability of these birds to potential oil spills increases
the significance of this study for the MESA Puget Sound Project.
Project Office Contact: E.R. Long
Information Source: H.S. Harris, Project Manager, U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, NOAA, Environmental Research
Laboratories, MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115
Supporting Agency:
R-013-78
COMMUNITY AND TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS OF NEARSHORE FISH AT SELECTED
SITES ALONG THE STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA
Principal Investigator: Miller, B.
Performing Organization: Fisheries Research Institute,
University of Washington
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington, D.C. 20460
4/1/76 to 5/31/78
Period:
125
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Fish, Invertebrates, Distribution, Food web, Contamination,
*Pollutant pathways, *Strait of Juan de Fuca
The objective of this study for the MESA Puget Sound Project
is to characterize the main biological populations and processes
most susceptible to oil pollution. The major predator/prey
relationships and pollutant pathways within the food web will
be documented. Emphasis will be placed on the invertebrates
and fishes of nearshore habitats that are vulnerable to impact
by petroleum.
Reports and Publications
NEARSHORE FISH AND MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES ALONG THE
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA INCLUDING FOOD HABITS OF NEARSHORE
FISH
Simenstad, C.A., B.S. Miller, J.N. Cross, K.L. Fresh,
et al. 1977.
Annual Report, NOAA Contract No. 03-6-022-35185.
Seattle Washington, University of Washington, College of
Fisheries, Fisheries Research Institute, 1977.
This baseline study for potential oil transport impacts
documents the distribution, abundance, and biomass of
nearshore fish in the title area; determines their food
habits; and identifies and catalogues the macroinvertebrates
collected incidentally with the fish. Seventy species of
fish and 150 species of macroinvertebrates were collected;
highest values were recorded in summer and spring respec-
tively. Nearshore demersal fish fed predominantly upon
epibenthic crustaceans; nearshore neritic fish fed upon
pelagic invertebrates.
Project Offi ce Contact: E. R. Long
Information Source: H.S. Harris, Project Manager, U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, NOAA, Environmental Research
Laboratories, MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115
R-014-78 (R-088-77)
ECOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND TOXICOLOGICAL
ON BIRDS
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
EFFECTS OF OIL
Supporting Agency:
Stickel, L.F.
U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service,
Laure 1, MD 20811
U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service,
Division of Population Reg. Res.;
No. 85-830-9285-000
10/76 to 9/77
$440,000
Period:
Funds:
126
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Fuel oil, Birds, Sublethal effects, Toxicity, Guidelines
The effect of sublethal exposure of birds to oil will be
studied by correlating experimental and ecological studies that
relate toxicological/physiological effects and kinetics of oil
in birds to exposure in the environment. Recommendations will
be made for guidelines to levels of oil in the environment
that are dangerous to the welfare of wild bird populations.
[SSIE No.:ZUV-82]
Reports and Publications
EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS OF FUEL OIL ON HATCHABILITY
OF MALLARD EGGS
Albers, P.H. 1977.
Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine
Ecosystems and Organisms. D.A. Wolfe (ed.). New York,
Pergamon Press, 1977. p. 151-157. Proceedings of a
Symposium, Seattle, Washington, November 10-12, 1976.
Mallard eggs were coated with varying amounts (up to 50 ~L)
of No.2 fuel oil and artificially incubated along with
controls and eggs coated with other materials. Even very
small amounts of fuel oil severely reduced the hatchability
of the test eggs. Ducklings from the test eggs exhibited
no gross external malfunctions or behavioral abnormalities
but did show some growth inhibition, suggesting sublethal
physiological damage or internal abnormalities.
EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS OF NO.2 FUEL OIL ON
COMMON EIDER EGGS
Szaro, R.C., and P.H. Albers. 1977.
Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine
Ecosystems and Organisms. D.A. Wolfe (ed.). New York,
Pergamon Press, 1977. p. 164-167- Proceedings of a
Symposium, Seattle, Washington, November 10-12, 1976.
Eggs of the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) were coated
with up to 20 ~L of No.2 fuel oil and artificially incubated
with other treated eggs and controls. Eggs treated with
5 ~L and 20 ~L fuel oil had hatching rates of 92% and
69%, respectively, as compared to 96% for the control
group. Thus, oil pollution may significantly increase
embryonic mortality in marine birds.
127
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D.
ASPECTS OF OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
1.
GENERAL ASPECTS
R-015-78 (R-021-77)
PUGET SOUND ENERGY RESEARCH
Principal Investigator: Harris, H.S.
Performing Organization: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA,
Environmental Research Laboratories,
MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460
No. B7121201
9/75 to 9/80 (est.)
$295,800 (FY 76)
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Funds:
Oil transport, Refineries, Environmental effects, Hydrocarbons,
Baseline studies, Movement, Models, Puget Sound
This project entails a 5-year study to make an environmental
assessment of the potential effects of increased petroleum
activities in the Puget Sound region. Current year plans in-
clude'the initiation of surveys on petroleum hydrocarbon base-
line concentration, biological populations, and physical
oceanography; a mathematical model for predicting the movement
of oilspills will also be developed.
[SSIE No. GMA-2901]
Status: The project is now entering its third year (of five).
Original plans have been changed to eliminate development of
a predictive ecosystem model as one of the objectives. Major
reports will become available during 1978. The project conducts
many research activities and those currently underway or recently
completed are also abstracted in this Current Research Reports
section.
Reports and Publications
PUGET SOUND MARINE ENVIRONMENT: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Collias, E.E., and S.I. Andreeva. 1977.
Seattle, Washington, University of Washington Press, 1977.
Washington Sea Grant.
For summary. see citation R-020-78.
NEAR-SURFACE CIRCULATION STUDIES IN THE STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA
Holbrook, J.R., and D. Halpern. 1976.
Proceedings of the Fifth Technical Conference on Estuaries
of the Pacific Northwest.
128
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OBSERVATIONS OF NEAR-SURFACE CURRENTS IN THE STRAIT OF
JUAN DE FUCA DURING FEBRUARY-MAY 1976
Holbrook, J.R., and D. Halpern. 1976.
Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 57. (Poster
Presentation.)
INTERTIDAL SEDIMENT HYDROCARBON LEVELS AT TWO SITES ON
THE STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA
MacLeod, W.D., Jr., D.W. Brown, R.G. Jenkins, and L.S. Ramos.
1976.
Symposium on Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
in Marine Ecosystems and Organisms. Seattle, Washington.
November 11, 1976.
A PILOT STUDY ON THE DESIGN OF A PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON
BASELINE INVESTIGATION FOR NORTHERN PUGET SOUND AND THE
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA
MacLeod, W.D., Jr., D.W. Brown, R.G. Jenkins, L.S. Ramos,
and V.D. Henry. 1976.
NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL MESA-B. Boulder, Colorado,
Marine Ecosystems Analysis Program Office, Environmental
Research Laboratories, 1976. 53 p.
Increased tanker traffic in the title areas was the impetus
for this study. Intertidal sediments, snails, and mussels
from 2 physically similar regions were studied using the
latest analytical techniques applied to C14-C32 alkanes,
or to aromatics from substituted benzenes through benzpyrenes.
Results are discussed in relation to biogenic origin and
fuel oil seepage; and 17 aromatic hydrocarbons are proposed
for baseline monitoring.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS ALONG THE
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA
Marine EcoSystems Analysis Program Office. 1976.
NOAA'Technical Memorandum ERL MESA-12. Boulder, Colorado,
MESA Program Office, Environmental Research Laboratories,
1976. 31 p.
This paper is the initial report of a wind study being
conducted as part of the Puget Sound Energy-Related Research
Project (a project concerned with the increased petroleum
transport and refinery operations in the Strait of Juan de
Fuca and northern Puget Sound). The paper discusses the
seasonal wind flow within the area, and analyzes the permanent
meteorological networks in the U.S. and Canada. Also
summarized are initial field activities undertaken to improve
the understanding of the winds within the project area, for
use in the long-term goal of spill trajectory and pollution
prevention reports.
129
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PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PLAN, AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
OF NORTHERN PUGET SOUND AND THE STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA
Marine EcoSystems Analysis Program Office. 1975.
Boulder, Colorado, Environmental Research Laboratories,
1975.
DATA r~ANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE PUGET SOUND ENERGY-RELATED
RESEARCH PROJECT AND THE MESA PUGET SOUND PROJECT
MESA Puget Sound Project Office. 1976.
Seattle, Washington, Environmental Research Laboratories,
1976.
WASHINGTON STATE REFINERIES: PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM DERIVA-
TIVES AND WASTEWATER EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS
Oceanographic Institute of Washington. 1976.
Final Report, NOAA Contract No. 03-6-022-35189.
Seattle, Washington, Oceanographic Institute of Washington,
1976. (Published as NOAA/ERL/MESA Technical Memorandum.)
For summary, see citation R-004-78.
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN PUGET SOUND MAIN BASIN
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory.
Project Report: Fiscal Year 1976 and 1976T.
Continuous measurements of currents, temperatures, and
salinity at several depths of the main basin of Puget
Sound have been taken for several years in this study
for the MESA Puget Sound Project which emphasizes the impact
of wastewater and petroleum discharges. Three subtasks
are reported on: regional meteorology modeling; surface
current interpolation; and central basin dynamic modeling.
TIDAL HYDRODYNAMICS IN THE STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA -
STRAIT OF GEORGIA
Parker, B.B. 1977.
NOAA Technical Report NOS 69. Rockville, Maryland, Office
of Marine Surveys and Maps, 1977. 56 p.
Information Source:
H.S. Harris, Project Manager, U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, NOAA, Environmental Research
Laboratories, MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115
130
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E.
FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1.
BIODEGRADATION
R-016-78
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Principal Investigator: Westlake, D.W.S.
Performing Organization: University of Alberta, Department of
Microbiology
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460
4/77 to 6/78
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Microorganisms, Sampling, Puget Sound
This study for the MESA Puget Sound Project investigates the
biodegradation of crude oil by mixed communities of micro-
organisms in the Strait of Juan de Fuca/northern Puget Sound
area. Microorganisms are identified and rates and products
of degradation are determined in laboratory experiments.
Twelve sites are chosen for sampling three times a year.
Project Office Contact: E.R. Long
Information Source: H.S. Harris, Project Manager, U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, NOAA, Environmental Research
Laboratories, MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115
2.
GENERAL FATE OF OIL
R-017-78
STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA AERIAL DROGUE STUDY
Principal Investigators: Ebbesmeyer, C.C., and J.M. Helseth
Performing Organization: Evans-Hamilton, Inc., Seattle, WA
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460
7/77 to 1 0/77
Period:
Oil slicks, Drift, Monitoring, Puget Sound, *Aeria1 drogue study,
*Prediction
131
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This study was undertaken as part of the MESA Puget Sound
Project to help develop a predictive capability for oil spilled
into the waters of the title area and northern Puget Sound.
The study will support the extensive oceanographic current
meter deployments which form the main effort in this area.
Specifically, surface drifters of thin foam pads will be
launched to simulate movement of oil slicks and tracked
by air during daylight hours.
Project Office Contact: R.P. Kopenski
Information Source: H.S. Harris, Project Manager, U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, NOAA, Environmental Research
Laboratories, MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115
R-018-78
A FACILITY FOR THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF COASTAL MARINE
ECOSYSTEMS
Principal Investigators:
Performing Organization:
Knauss, J.A., S. Nixon, M. Pilson,
Bender, T. Smayda, J. Griffin,
F. Dimeglio
University of Rhode Island,
School of Oceanography,
Administration Bldg.,
Wakefield, RI 02881
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460
No. R803902
7/75 to 6/76
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Ecosystems, Fuel oil, Fate, Biological effects, Models,
Plankton, Benthos
The major objectives of this research are to: 1) develop a
facility and methods for experimental analysis of coastal eco-
systems and their response to energy-related environmental
stresses, and 2) to use the data in ecosystem theory and manage-
ment of coastal marine environments. After preliminary ecosystem
study, experiments involving the addition of water soluble
petroleum hydrocarbons at concentrations of 100 and 1000 ~g/L
will be conducted.
[SSIE No.: GMA-2735.]
Status: This project, now titled "Marine Ecosystems Research
Laboratory" (~1ERL), is currently active and funded by EPA at
approximately $l,OOO,OOO/year.
The first series of experiments with 9 marine microcosms
ran from August 1976 to September 1977. Each microcosm contains
13 tons of water and 1 ton of sediment, providing biological
132
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and chemical components of planktonic and benthic systems. Two
experiments on oil additions were performed. Quantitative
information is being compiled on the effects of relatively
low (150 ~g/kg) chronic levels of fuel oil on the phytoplankton,
zooplankton, and benthos; and on the fate of the oil in these
systems.
A new series of experiments is underway and involves
12 microcosms.
Reports and Publications
THE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS RESEARCH LABORATORY: A FACILITY
FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS AND FATES OF POLLUTANTS
Pilson, M.E.Q., G.A. Vargo, P. Gearing, and J.N. Gearing.
Proc. 2nd National Conf. Interagency Energy/Environment
R & D Program, Washington, DC. 6-7 June, 1977. (in press)
1977
The 12 meso-scale microcosms set up at the Laboratory are
described. The ecosystems maintained in these tanks are
intended to be typical of the N.E. coast of the United
States and preliminary results indicate close correlation
to benthic-planktonic systems in Narragansett Bay. The
first oil experiment is briefly reported and use of the
MERL tanks as quantitative tools is discussed.
Information Source:
M.E.Q. Pilson, Director of MERL,
University of Rhode Island, Graduate School
of Oceanography, Kingston, RI 02881
R-019-78
OIL SPILL TRAJECTORY MODEL FOR PUGET SOUND, THE STRAIT OF
JUAN DE FUCA, THE SAN JUAN ISLANDS, AND SOUTHERN GEORGIA STRAIT
Principal Investigator: Smyth, C.S.
Performing Organization: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA,
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory,
MESA Puget Sound Project
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460
5/76 to 9/77
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Models, Pollution prevention, Contingency planning, Puget Sound
The study objective is to develop an operational oil spill
trajectory model which can be used in 2 modes: prespill -
development of probable spill scenarios and resultant oil
trajectories for clean-up planning; and postspill - real-time
prediction for clean-up deployment purposes.
133
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Status: A final report was scheduled for October, 1977, to
include documentation of computer programs, listings, sample
runs, a user1s guide, and a review of testing and verification.
Project Office Contact: R.P. Kopenski
Information Source: H.S. Harris, Project Manager, U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, NOAA, Environmental Research
Laboratories, MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115
134
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F-
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
R-020-78
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LITERATURE ON THE PUGET SOUND MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigators: Colli as, E.E., and A.C. Duxbury
Performing Organization: University of Washington, Dept. of
Oceanography
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research & Development,
401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460
12/75 to 9/77
Supporting Agency:
Period:
Bibliographies, Resource management, Pollution control, Oil
industry, Puget Sound
A bibliography was prepared as part of the MESA Puget Sound
Project in order to make existing environmental information
available to regional decision makers and resource managers.
The document should be available from the MESA Project Office
in October, 1977 (7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115).
Publications and Reports
PUGET SOUND r~ARINE ENVIRONMENT: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Co11ias, E.E., and S.I. Andreeva. 1977.
Seattle, Washington, University of Washington Press, 1977.
Washington Sea Grant.
Entries cover all of the oceanographic sciences as well as
topics such as pollution, planning and management,
transportation, industrial, and petroleum activities.
There are 1980 annotated references to literature on the
title subject published prior to January, 1977.
Project Office Contact: R.P- Kopenski
Information Source: H.S. Harris, Project Manager, U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, NOAA, Environmental Research
Laboratories, MESA Puget Sound Project,
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115
135
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SECTION III:
CURRENT CONFERENCES
*Additional information not available at time of publication.
Aug. 21-
26
Aug. 22-
26
33rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Industrial Microbiology,
East Lansing, Michigan, 1977.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Paper 131
NITRIFICATION OF PETROCHEMICAL WASTEWATERS
Ackerman, R.A., and S.L. Fialkoff
Commercially prepared nitrifying bacterial cultures (AT5N)
were used to remove ammonia from a variety of petrochemi-
cal wastewaters. Tests were conducted to measure bacter-
ial efficiencies, and the results are reported. Ammonia
removals ranged from 60-75% over a period of 1-8 hours.
Paper 132
PERSISTENCE OF OIL IN TUNDRA SOILS
Sexstone, A.A., and R.M. Atlas
The persistence of crude oil in tundra soils was studied over
a six-year period following experimental spills of Prudhoe
crude oil at several sites. Relative rates of biodegrada-
tion, variations in the bacterial populations with time,
and chemical changes in the residual oil compositions that
were monitored over this time period are reported and dis-
cussed.
Paper 133
CRUDE OIL DEGRADATION IN THE ARCTIC: CHANGES IN BACTERIAL
POPULATIONS AND OIL COMPOSITION DURING I-YEAR EXPOSURE IN
A MODEL SYSTEM
Horowitz, A., and R.M. Atlas
Rates of abiotic weathering and biodegradation of Prudhoe
crude oil were monitored over a period of one year, follow-
ing experimental spills under arctic conditions. Biodegra-
dation lessened the weights of residual oils but did not
alter the relative percentages of component hydrocarbon
classes.
FFI contact the Society for Industrial Microbiology, c/o
American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1401 Wilson Blvd.,>
Arlington, VA 22209 "
Internationa~ Symposium on Microbial Ecology, University of
Otago, Dunedln, New Zealand, 1977.
S~onso~ed b~ the Royal Society of New Zealand, the New Zealand
Mlcroblologlcal Society, UNEP UNESCO ICRO lAMS IUMS and
I COME " , , ,
Oil Pollution Related Papers
136
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Aug. 28-
31
Paper A21
THE FORMATION OF OIL EMULSIFYING AGENTS BY HYDROCARBONO-
CLASTIC BACTERIA
Floodgate, C.D.
Paper A26
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM IN THE
ARCTIC
Atlas, R.M.
Paper A27
THE BIODEGRADATION OF WATER-INSOLUBLE HYDROCARBONS
Henderson, C., D. Alani, and G. Goma
Paper E27
TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MICROBE-PETROLEUM INTERACTIONS
Walker, J.D.
FFI contact Dr. M.W. Loutit, Symposium Secretary, Department
of Microbiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
2nd Pacific Area Chemical Engineering Conference (PACHEC).
Denver, Colorado, 1977.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session 1: Symposium. Reuse and Treatment of Industrial
Wastewater
Paper 1b
OPTIMIZING WATER REUSE IN A PETROLEUM REFINERY
Kuriyama, T., N. Takama, K. Shiroko, and T. Umeda
Water reclamation and reuse can greatly decrease water
consumption and the size of effluent treatment facilities.
Maximizing or optimizing water reuse in order to minimize
costs must consider the minimally acceptable water quality
in addition to quantity. Theoretical and practical solu-
tions to a water reuse problem in a petroleum refinery are
presented.
Session 18: Symposium. Environmental Aspects of Shale Oil
Production and Processing. Part 2
Paper 18a
OIL SHALE MINING AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Rajaram, V., T.A. Ka~ppila, and R.L. Bolmer
Described is a US Bureau of Mines demonstration mine in
the deep, thick oil shale deposits of Colorado, and the
four mining concepts that are to be used. The inter-
relationship of these concepts and environmental aspects
of oil shale development are discussed.
Paper 18b
DISPOSAL OF MINE WATER FROM DEEP OIL SHALE MINE
Sinor, J.E.
137
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Water disposal alternatives that were explored for the
development of a room and pillar mine and a surface
retorting complex are given. Results of a hydrological
test of water inflow to the mine are discussed and results
of a computer model study are presented.
Paper 18d
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GROUND WATER AND IN-SITU RETORTED
OIL SHALE
Parker, H.W., R.M. Bethea, N. Guven, M.N. Gazdar, and
J.C. Watts
The interactions of groundwater with in-situ retorted
shale are described. Such interactions are site-specific
because wide variations exist in the amounts and species
of dissolved solids in waters adjacent to shale forma-
tions, as well as the minerals contained in the oil shale.
In addition there are significant mineral differences in
mineral species extracted by different methods.
Paper 18e
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING FOR ERDA'S OIL SHALE TECHNOLOGY
PROGRAM: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Powderly, J., M.J. Reilly, H. Thomas, and C.B. Wilson
ERDA's initial assessments of environmental problems
associated with its current oil shale program are presented.
The ERDA technology research, development, and demonstration
program has the responsibility to develop environmentally
acceptable technologies, and in response to this need is
preparing an Environmental Development Plan for each of its
technology programs.
Session 27: Symposium. The Environmental Aspects of Coal
Conversion
Paper 27a
BASELINE GEOCHEMISTRY: HOW IT CAN ASSIST IN ANTICIPATED
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH OIL SHALE
PROCESSING
Klusman, R.W., and C.D. Ringrose
A geochemical baseline is being developed for a variety of
materials associated with oil shale. The determination of
the geochemical character of the oil shale resource, over-
burden materials, soils, stream sediments and natural
waters are considered most important. The data collected
indicate that an understanding of regional geochemistry
will have predictive value in assessing the types and
magnitudes of environmental hazards that may be associated
with oil shale development in a given area.
Paper 27b
REHABILITATION POTENTIAL AND PRACTICES OF COLORADO OIL
LANDS
Sims, P.L., and E.F. Redente
SHALE
138
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Exploited oil shale areas should be restored to stable and
functional ecosystems that can perpetuate themselves over
time without requiring continual and periodic inputs of
limited resources. "In essence, lands must ultimately be
rehabilitated to a state where ecosystems are functional,
productivity is sustained under reasonable levels of utili-
zation by domestic and wild herbivores, provide habitat for
animal populations at all trophic levels, and provide
recreation and aesthetic values to man. II
Paper 27c
PURIFICATION AND RECOVERY OF ECONOMIC MATERIALS FROM OIL
SHALE RETORT WATER BY AN ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT PROCESS
Wen, C.S., and T.F. Yen
The methodology of electrolytic treatment for the purifi-
cation and recovery of valuable materials from retort
water is presented. In the process, a water sample is
delivered to an electrolytic cell and treated at a current
density sufficient to decrease the concentration of organic
compounds in the anodic chamber and to concentrate the
organic and inorganic materials in the cathodic chamber.
Paper 27d
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION
OF OIL SHALE RETORT WATERS
Felix, W.O., D.S. Farrier, and R.E. Poulson
Analytical procedures required for the rapid quantitative
determination of organic solute alteration in oil shale
retort waters are discussed. Alterations occur during long-
term storage by photolytic, thermal, chemical, and microbial
action, and high-performance liquid chromatography pro-
cedures have been developed to monitor such chemical changes
in the retort waters.
Session 45: Symposium. Environmental Aspects of Tar Sands
Processing
Paper 45a
RECLAMATION OF DISTURBED LAND AT GREAT CANADIAN OIL SANDS
Cary, W.L., and T.D. Shopik
The practical application of land restoration techniques
developed at an operating oil sands plant is described.
The details of numerous successes and failures in develop-
ing this methodology for overburden and tailings sand dykes
in a northern boreal forest ecology are presented.
Paper 45b
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF OIL SANDS PROCESSING ON LAND
RECLAMATION
Lang, D.O.
Successful and productive land surface reclamation is very
difficult in areas where the Hot Water (Clark) Process for
139
-------
Sept. 26-
30
Sept. 28-
30
oil sands processing has been used. This paper concludes
that greater emphasis must be placed on devising a process
which reduces the need for water and produces a relatively
dry waste product that can be incorporated into the land
restoration process.
FFI contact Mr. Joel Henry, AIChE, 345 East 47th St., New
York, NY 10017
POAC 77, 4th International Conference on Port and Ocean
Engineering under Arctic Conditions, Memorial University of
Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, 1977
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Sessions C-1 and C-2: Offshore Development and the
Environment
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT FOR OIL AND GAS IN ANTARCTICA
Splettstoesser, J.F.
PETROLEUM EXPLORATION IN SVALBARD (SPITZBERGEN)
Pedersen, G.S.
APPLICATION OF AN OIL SPILL VULNERABILITY INDEX TO LOWER
COOK INLET, ALASKA
Hayes, M.O., J. Michel, and P.J. Brown
BUZZARDS BAY OIL SPILL--AN ARCTIC ANALOG
Ruby, C.H., L.G. Ward, L.A. Fischer, and P.J. Brown
OILSIM, A COMPUTER MODEL FOR SIMULATING THE BEHAVIOUR OF
OIL SPILLS
Willums, J.O., A. Westeng, T. Gloersen, T. Audunson, and
O. Mundheim
Session C-3 and C-4: Physical Oceanography and the
Environment
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES OF PORT VALDEZ, ALASKA
Colonell, J.M.
Proceedings are available from the Ocean Engineering Information
Center, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's,
Newfoundland, Canada
Symposium on Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
Labs, Columbus, Ohio, 1977
Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc., and Battelle Memorial
2nd International
Battelle Columbus
Sponsored by EPA,
Institute
The symposium focused on the measurement, chemistry, metabolism,
and carcinogenesis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session I-Chemistry
140
-------
Oct. 3-
7
PAH FROM FOSSIL FUEL CONVERSION PROCESSES
Guerin, M.R., J.L. Epler, B.R. Clarke, and W.H. Griest
A COMPARISON OF SOME CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR ESTIMATION
OF PAHS IN POLLUTANTS
Burchill, P., A.A. Herod, R.G. James, and J. Owen
ANALYSIS OF PAHS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES BY GLASS
CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Bjorseth, A.
Session 3-Chemistry
RECENT ADVANCES IN GC AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF PAHS
Hites, R.A.
HIGH RESOLUTION MATRIX ANALYSIS OF PAHS IN ENVIRONMENTAL
SAMPLES
Levins, P.
CAPILLARY COLUMN GC-MS ANALYSIS OF PAHS IN AQUEOUS INDUSTRIAL
EFFLUENTS
Strup, P.E., J.E. Wilkinson, and P.W. Jones
Session 5-Chemistry
METHOD FOR PAH ANALYSIS IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
Wise, S., S. Chesler, H. Hertz, and W. May
FFI contact Peter W. Jones, Battelle's Columbus Laboratories,
505 King Ave., Columbus, OH 43201
7th International Colloquium on Medical Oceanography, Nice,
France, 1977
Sponsored by the International Association of Medical
Oceanography
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session 4: Measurement of the Chemical Contamination of
Sea-water Sediments and Marine Organisms
SAMPLING OF HYDROCARBONS IN POLLUTED WATERS: BIBLIOGRAPHY,
DESCRIPTION OF A SAMPLER, COMMENTS
Carsin, J.L.
Session 6: Physiological and Biochemical Techniques for
Studying the Marine Pollution
THE EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBONS UPON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF
MUSSEL'S LARVAE: TECHNICAL STUDIES
Le Roux, S., and A. Lucas
FFI contact Dr. M.J. Gauthier, General Secretary, C.E.R.B.O.M.,
Parc de la Cote, 1 Avenue Jean Lorrain, 06300 Nice, France
o
141
-------
Oct. 4-
8
*Oct. 24-
27
*Nov. 1-
3
OCEANEXPO 77: 3rd Triennial International Exhibition on
the exploration of the Oceans, Offshore Techniques, Ship-
Building, Sea Harbors and Equipment, Bordeaux, France, 1977
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session on Advanced Techniques for the Control of Pollution
of the Seas
REMOTE SENSING AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS IN AN OPERATIONAL
FRENCH ORGANIZATION
(Author unknown)
FRENCH NAVY PARTICIPATION IN THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY
THE TANKER BOEHLEN
(Author unknown)
ADAPTATION OF ADVANCED OPERATIONAL TECHNIQUES EXISTING
IN FRANCE IN THE FIELD OF APPLIED AERIAL REMOTE SENSING
(Author unknown)
DETECTION OF HYDROCARBON LAYERS BY AIRBORNE LATERAL RADAR
WITH REAL ANTENNA AND SYNTHETIC ANTENNA
(Author unknown)
THE CONTRIBUTION OF TELEVISION TECHNIQUES IN THE FIELD OF
THE TELEDETECTION OF MARINE POLLUTION
(Author unknown)
THE FRENCH "ARGOSS" SYSTEM OF DATA GATHERING AND LOCALI-
SATION BY SATELLITE
(Author unknown)
FFI contact OCEANEXPO, 8 rue de la Michodiere, 75002 Paris,
France
European Offshore Petroleum Conference and Exhibition,
London, 1977
Sponsored by the Society of Petroleum Engineers, and the
Institute of Petroleum, London
FFI contact Sherry Anderson, 6200 North Central Expressway,
Dallas, TX 75206
38th Annual International Water Conference, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, 1977
FFI contact the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania,
William Penn Hotel, 530 William Penn Place, Pittsburgh, PA
15219
142
-------
*Nov. 29-
30
*Jan. 9-
12
Feb. 21-
26
*Feb. 26-
Mar. 2
Feb. 27-
Mar. 3
*Mar. 5-
10
3rd International Conference on Environmental Problems of the
Extractive Industries: Materials, Energy, and Environment,
Today and Tomorrow, Dayton, Ohio, 1977
FFI contact Dr. Patrick Sweeney, 1390 Rawlings Drive,
Fairborn, OH 45324
Seminar on Marine Remote Sensing Instrumentation, Houston,
Texas, 1978
FFI contact Mr. David Harvey, Harvey-Lynch, Inc., 7350 Harwin,
Houston, TX 77036
International Conference of Water Pollution Control in
Developing Countries, Bangkok, Thailand, 1978
Sponsored by the Asian Institute of Technology, Canadian
International Development Agency, and International Associ-
ation on Water Pollution Research
The conference includes topics on water pollution, monitoring,
assessment, control, analysis, water quality aspects, waste-
water recovery, and wastewater reclamation and reuse.
FFI contact E.A.R. Ouano, Asian Institute of Technology.
PO Box 2754 Bangkok, Thailand
107th Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Mining,
Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, Denver, Colorado,
1978
FFI contact AIME, 345 East 47th St., New York, NY
10017
29th Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and
Applied Spectroscopy, Cleveland, Ohio, 1978
Topics include environmental analysis and water pollution.
FFI contact Robert W. Baudoux, Program Chairman, The
Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical & Applied Spectroscopy,
4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Oceanology 78 Conference, Brighton, England, 1978
FFI contact BPS Exhibitions Ltd., 4 Seaford Court, 220-222
Great Portland St., London WIN 5HH, UK
143
-------
*Mar. 6-
7
Mar. 12-
17
*Mar. 14-
16
*Apr. 5-
7
*Apr 5-
7
*Apr 10-
13
1st World Recycling Congress, Bas1e, Switzerland, 1978
FFI contact Exhibitions for Industry, Ltd., 157 Station Rd.
East, Oxted, Surrey, UK
175th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Anaheim,
California, 1978
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Environmental Session
TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING OF FOSSIL FUEL PROCESSING
EFFLUENTS
(Author unknown)
Fuel Session
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF FOSSIL FUEL PROCESSING
(Author unknown)
FFI contact A.T. Winstead, ACS, 1155 16th St., NW, Washington,
DC 20036
Symposium on Technical, Environmental, Socio-Economic and
Regulatory Aspects of Coastal Zone Planning and Management,
San Francisco, California, 1978
FFI contact Orville T. Magoon, Program Chairman, PO Box 26062,
San Francisco, CA 94126
8th Annual Symposium on the Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants,
Geneva, Switzerland, 1978
FFI contact the Congress Secretariat, PO Box 182, CH-4013,
Bas1e, Switzerland
American Chemical Society 12th Middle Atlantic Regional
Meeting, Hunt Valley, Maryland, 1978
FFI contact F. Gornick, Department of Chemistry, University
of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21228
9th Materials Research Symposium on Trace Organic Analysis:
A New Frontier in Analytical Chemistry, Gaithersburg, Mary-
land, 1978
Sponsored by the National Bureau of Standards
FFI contact Stephen Chesler or Harry Hertz, Chemistry Bldg.,
Rm A105, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234
144
-------
Apr. 11-
13
Apr. 17-
20
*Apr. 27-
28
May 5-
13
May 8-
11
6th Annual Industrial Pollution Conference, St. Louis,
Missouri, 1978
Sponsored by the Water and Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers
Association
The general conference theme is resource recovery and conser-
vation with emphasis on wastewater treatment in various
industries including the petroleum and petrochemical
industries.
FFI contact Frederick Harroun, WWEMA, 7900 Westpark Dr.,
Suite 304, McLean, VA 22101
24th Annual Institute of Environmental Sciences Technical
Meeting and Equipment Exposition, Fort Worth, Texas, 1978
The meeting features seminars, tutorials and papers on
diverse topics including environmental impact of energy
resources, environmental pollution and impact statements,
and biosciences and contamination problems.
FFI contact the Institute of Environmental Sciences, 940 East
Northwest Highway. Mt. Prospect, IL 60056
Canadian Chromatography Conference, Montreal, Quebec, 1978
FFI contact V.M. Bhatnagar, PO Box 1779, Cornwall, Ontario
K6H 5V7, Canada
Energy Economics Seminar, Tunbridge Well, United Kingdom, 1978
Organized by the Institute of Petroleum, London
The seminar is primarily for government and oil industry
planners, financial analysts and management personnel.
Environmental and socio-economic topics relevant to energy
policies in the North Sea and surrounding areas are included.
FFI contact Lynda Boothby. Conference Officer, Institute of
Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish St., London WIM 8AR, UK
Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, 1978
The conference includes papers on offshore environmental
problems.
FFI contact William Nicholson, Offshore Technology Conference,
6200 N. Central Expressway, Dallas, TX 75206
145
-------
*May 8-
11
*May 17-
18
*May 24-
25
May 23-
25
June 4-
8
43rd Midyear Refining Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, 1978
FFI contact the American Petroleum Institute Refining
Department, 2101 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20037
Task Committee on Cold Regions "Applied Techniques for Cold
Environments," Anchorage, Alaska, 1978
Sponsored by the American Society of Civil Engineers
FFI contact the ASCE, 345 East 47th St., New York, NY
10017
The Sublethal Effects of Pollutants in the Sea, London,
England, 1978
FFI contact the Royal Society, 6 Carlton House Terrace,
London SW1Y 5AG, UK
International Symposium on the Analysis of Hydrocarbons and
Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment,
McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 1978
Organized by the Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington,
Ontario, and the Institute for Environmental Studies, Univer-
s ity of Toronto
The presentations deal exclusively with hydrocarbons or
halogenated hydrocarbons in the hydrologic cycle, as may
occur in the water column, sediments, or atmosphere.
Papers
1)
focus on the topics of:
Analytical techniques to determine concentrations,
chemical species, or form (dissolved, particulate,
absorbed, or emulsified)
Sampling methods
Monitoring programs
Rates and mechanisms of transport and transformation
Biological or ecological effects
Health effects
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
FFI contact the Canada Centre for Inland Waters, PO Box 5050,
Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada
85th AIChE National Meeting and First Chemical Plant Equipment
Exposition, Philadelphia, 1978
The conference includes a Fuels and Petrochemicals Session,
and an Environmental Program, with 6 sessions on industrial
wastewater recycle and reuse, and refinery/petrochemical
wastewater treatment.
FFI contact A.A. Winkler, ~eetings Program Chairman, CPC
International, Moffett Technical Center, PO Box 345, Argo,
IL 60501 146
-------
June 12-
16
June 14-
17
*June 19-
20
9th International Conference of the International Association
on Water Pollution Research, Stockholm, Sweden, 1978
Oil Pollution Related Paper
THE UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY THE
MARINE MUSSEL MYTILUS EDULIS
Hansen, N., V.B. Hensen, H. Appe1quist, and E. Morch
FFI contact IAWPR, Chichester House, 278 High Holborn,
London WC1V 7HE, UK
Conference on Assessment of Ecological Impacts of Oil Spills,
Keystone, Colorado, 1978
Organized by American Institute of Biological Sciences, and
sponsored by API, BLM, USCG, EPA, ERDA, and NOAA
The objectives of the conference are to present a review of
current assessments of the ecological impact of oil spills
in the estuarine and marine environments and to discuss tech-
niques and procedures involved in making assessments. Invited
papers concentrate on a case-by-case analysis of the environ-
mental impact of several recent spills, including the ~rgo
Merchant, Bouchard 65, Ekofisk, Hawaiian Patriot, Metu a,
Sansinema, and Nepco-Barge. Contributed papers will cover the
following areas:
1) Ecological effects of oil spills on wildlife
2) Ecological effects of oil spills on water column
organisms
3) Ecological effects of oil spills on benthic organisms
4) Ecological effects of oil spills in extreme zones,
i.e., the tropics and the arctic
5) Socio-economic aspects of oil spills
FFI contact the American Institute of Biological Sciences,
Special Science Programs, 1401 Wilson Blvd., Arlington,
VA 22209
Symposium on Measurement of Organic Pollutants in Water and
Wastewater, Denver, Colorado, 1978
FFI contact Jane B. Wheeler, ASTM, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia,
PA 19103
147
-------
MASTER LIST OF KEYWORDS
S:
SA:
See
See also
Absorption
Activated sludge
Acute effects
Adriatic Sea
Adsorption
Aegean Sea
Africa
Alabama
Alaska
Alaska coast
Al aska, Gulf of
Algae ... SA: Phytoplankton
Analytical techniques ...
SA: Chemical analysis; Source
identification
Animals
Annelida ... SA: Polychaetes
Anta rct i ca
API
Arabian Sea
Arctic
Arctic Ocean
Argentina
Argo Merchant Spill
Aromatic hydrocarbons ...
SA: Hydrocarbons; PAH
Asia
Atlantic coast
Atlantic Ocean
Australia
Bacteria
Bahamas
Ball ast
Baltic Sea
Bantry Bay
Barent Sea
Baseline studies
Beaches
Beaufort Sea
Behavior
Belgium
Bengal, Bay of
Benthos
Bering Sea
Bibliographies
Bil ges
Biodegradation
Biological effects ... SA:
Toxicity; Acute effects;
Chronic effects
Biological treatment
Biomass
Birds
Bi scay, Bay of
Black Sea
BLM
Blowout prevention
Blowouts
Booms
Brazil
Ca 1 i f 0 rn i a
California, Southern
Canada
Carcinogens ... SA: Health Hazards;
PAH
Caribbean Sea
Caspian Sea
Chedabucto Bay
Chemical analysis ... SA: Analytical
techniques; Source identification
Chemical effects
Chesapeake Bay
Chile
China
Chromatography
Chronic effects
Coalescence
Coasts
Colorado
Compensation
Connecticut
Conservation
Contaminants
Contamination
Contingency planning
Cora 1 s
Coral reefs
Cost analysis
Crankcase oil
Crude oi 1
Crustaceans
Decomposition
148
-------
Delaware
Delaware Bay
Denma rk
Design-engineering
Detection ... SA: Monitoring;
Chemical analysis
Development ... SA: Offshore
development
Dispersants
Dispersions
Disposal... SA: Waste oil
disposal; Wastewater
disposal
Distillation
Distribution
Drift ... SA: Movement;
Spreading
Drilling ... SA: Offshore
drilling; Oil wells
East China Sea
Echinoderms
Economic effects
Economics ... SA: Cost analysis
Ecosystems
Ecuador
Effluent treatment ... S:
Wastewater treatment
EIS
Ekofisk blowout
Emul i sification
Emulsifiers
Emulsions
Engineering ... S: Design-
Engineering
England
English Channel
Environmental deterioration
Environmental effects
Environmental Impact Statement ...
S: EIS
Environmental management
Environmental protection
EPA
Equi pment
ERDA
Estuaries
Evaporation
Exploration ... SA: Offshore
exploration; Production
Extraction
Fate
FEA
Filtration ... SA: Flocculation;
Ultrafil tration
Finland
Fish
Fisheries
Flocculation ... SA: Filtration
Florida
Flotation
Food web
Foreign governments
Fossil fuels
France
Freshwater
Fuel oil
Fuels
Fungi
Gas, liquid chromatography...
S: Chromatography
Gasoline
Georges Bank
Georgia
Germany, East
Germany, West
Gibraltar, Strait of
Government agencies ... SA: U.S.
Government, State governments
Gravity separation
Great Lakes
Greenland
Groundwater
Guidelines ... SA: Manuals
Habitat
Harbors
Health hazards ... SA: Carcinogens
Hydrocarbons ... SA: Aromatic
hydrocarbons; Crude oil; PAH
Ice
IMCO
Incineration
India
Indian Ocean
Indonesia
Industries ... SA: Oil industry
Information systems
Infrared spectroscopy...
S: Spectroscopy
Inland
Insurance
International agreements
International conventions ...
SA: Regulations; Legislation
Intertidal zone
149
-------
Invertebrates
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Is ra e 1
Italy
Japan
Japan, Sea of
Kentucky
Korea/South
Kuwait
Labrador Sea
Lakes ... SA: Great Lakes
Latin America
Law enforcement
Leakage
Legislation ... SA: Regulations;
International conventions
L i abi 1 ity
Louisiana
Lubri cati ng oil
Magellan, Strait of
Maine
Malaysia
Manuals ... SA: Guidelines
Marine mammals
Marine organisms
Marshes
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mass spectroscopy...
S: Spectroscopy
Mediterranean Sea
Metabolism
Metul a spi 11
Mexico
Mexi co, Gu If of
Michigan
Microorganisms ... SA: Algae;
Bacteria; Fungi; Yeasts
Middle East
Mississippi
Mississippi River
Models
Mollusks
Monitoring ... SA: Detection;
Remote sensinq; Sampling
~10 rta 1 i ty
Movement ... SA: Spreading;
Drift
Narragansett Bay
Natural seepage
Netherlands
Neuston
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
Niche
NOAA
North Ca ro 1 i na
North Sea
North Vietnam
Norway
Norwegian Sea
Oceans
OCS
Offshore
Offshore
Offshore
Offshore
Ohio
Oil... S: Crude oil; Fuel oil;
Lubricating oil; Crankcase oil;
Waste oil
Oil discharges
Oil fields ... SA: Production
Oil-gas leasing
Oil industry
Oil shale
Oi 1 s 1 i cks
Oil spills
Oil tanks
Oil terminal
Oi 1 transfer
Oil transport
Oil-water separation ... SA: Wastewater
treatment
Oil wells ... SA: Drilling; Production;
Offshore drilling; Offshore production
Okhotsk, Sea of
Olympic Games spill
Onshore impacts
Oregon
Oxidation ... SA: Biodegradation;
Weathering
Pacific Ocean
PAH
Patent
Pennsylvania
Personnel training
Petrochemicals
Petroleum ... S: Crude oil
Petroleum industry... S: Oil industry
development
dri 11 i ng
exploration
production
150
-------
Petroleum products
pH control
Philippines
Physical effects
Phytoplankton
Pipelines
Plankton ... SA: Phytoplankton;
Zooplankton
Plants ... SA: Vegetation
Pl a tforms
Poland
Pollution control
Pollution prevention ... SA:
Environmental protection;
Contingency planning
Polychaetes
Po rts
Portugal
Precipitation
Production ... SA: Offshore
production; Drilling;
Offshore drilling
Puerto Rico
Puget Sound
Reclamation ... SA: Recycling;
Reuse
Recycling ... SA: Reclamation;
Re use
Red Sea
Refineries
Refi n i ng
Regulations ... SA: Legislation;
International conventions
Release
Remote sensing ... SA: Monitoring;
Detection
Reproduction
Residual Oils
Resource management
Restoration
Reuse ... SA: Reclamation;
Recycling
Rhine River
Rhode Island
Rivers
Ross Sea
Safety
Sampling ... SA: Monitoring;
Detection
San Francisco Bay
Santa Barbara Channel
151
Sargasso Sea
Saudi Arabia
Scotland
Sea surface
Seawater
Sedimentation
Sediments
Segregated ballast
Ships ... SA: Tankers
Shorelines
Sinking agents
SkilTBllers
Sludge ... SA: Activated sludge
Social effects
Socio-economic effects
Soil
Sol id wastes
Solubil ity
Solution
Solvents
Source identification
Sources
South Africa
South Carolina
South China Sea
Spain
Spectrometry
Spectroscopy
Spi 11 cl eanup
Spill containment
Spill disposal
Spi 11 recovery
Spreading ... SA: Movement; Drift
St. Lawrence River
Standing crop
State governments ... SA: U.S.
Government; Government agencies
Statistical analysis
Statistics
Storage
Streams
Subarctic regions
Sublethal effects
Superports ... S: Ports
Supertankers ... S: Tankers
Surfactants
Survei llance
Sweden
Syri a
Tankers ... SA: Ships
Tar
-------
Tar sands
Texas
Torrey Canyon
Toxicity... SA: Biological effects
Tropical regions
Turkey
UK
Ultrafiltration ... SA: Filtration
UN
Uptake
Urquiola spill
US
USCG
US Government ... SA: State
governments;
Government agencies
USGS
USN
USSR
Vegetation ... SA: Plants
Venezuela
Vertebrates
Vi etnam
Virginia
Virgin Islands
Wales
Washington
Waste oil
Wa s te 0 il d i s po sa 1 ... SA :
Disposal
Waste oil treatment
Wastewaters
Wastewater disposal... SA:
Disposal
Wastewater treatment
Water Quality
Water soluble fractions ...
S: WSF
Weathering
Weddell Sea
West Indies
Wi 1 dl ife
WSF
Yeasts
Yugoslavia
Zooplankton
152
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
THE SUBJECT INDEX IS A PERMUTED INDEX THAT LISTS ALPHABETICALLY THE KEYWORDS
AND CORRESPONDING CITATION NUMBER ASSIGNED TO EACH ABSTRACT IN SECTION I
(C- ~78) AND IN SECTION II (R- -78). THESE KEYWORDS ARE SELECTED
FROM THE MASTER LIST, P. 147. FREE LANGUAGE TERMS WHICH ARE INCLUDED TO
GIVE MORE SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT AN ENTRY ARE PRECEDED BY AN - SIGN IN
THE SUBJECT INDEX.
0068
0071
0073
0126
0090
0131
0175
0178
ABSORPTION, SPILL CLEANUP. -SORBENT BROADCASTER,
ABSORPTION, SPILL CLEANUP, -KAPOK FIBER,
ABSORPTION, SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT, -PLANT FIBER MAT,
ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, DETECTION, -ACTIVATED CARBON,
ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PATENT,
ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS FLOCCULATION,
FLOTATION, '
ACUTE EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, TOXICITY, ARCTIC, SUBARCTIC REGIONS, -BIOASSAYS,
ACUTE EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, WSF, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, -EMBRYO
DEVELOPMENT, -FUNDULUS GRANDIS,
ACUTE EFFECTS, BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, MORTALITY, -DUCKS,
ACUTE EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, -LETHAL THRESHOLDS, -PROCAMBARUS ACUTUS
ACUTUS,
ACUTE EFFECTS, FUELS, FISH, TOXICITY, CHRONIC EFFECTS, WSF.
ADSORPTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS,
ADSORPTION, SPILL CONTAINMENT, PATENT, -COLLECTING AGENT,
ADSORpTION, SPILL RECOVERY,
ADSORPTION, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL DISPOSAL, BIODEGRADATION, DISPERSIONS,
ADSORPTION, SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FUEL OIL, INCINERATION, -ACTIVATED CARBON, -OTTO
FUEL,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT, EQUIPMENT,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, PArENT,
ADSORPTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, PATENT, -SYNTHETIC FIBERS,
ADSORPTION, CRUDE OIL, FOOD WEB, BENTHOS, DISTRIBUTION, PUGET SOUND, -SUSPENDED
PARTICLES,
ALASKA, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, -PRUDHOE BAY,
ALASKA, PIPELINES, ECONOMICS, -ACCIDENTS,
ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, CRUDE OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PIPELINES, TANKERS, WATER
QUALITY, US, -WEST COAST,
ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, CRUDE OIL, US, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS,
ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, BACTERIA, INTERTIDAL ZONE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIODEGRADATION, *PORT VALDEZ,
ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS, BASELINE STUDIES,
MONITORING, NOAA, BLM,
ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BALLAST, WASTEWATERS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, *PORT VALDEZ,
ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, OCS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS,
ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, CONSERVATION, OIL INDUSTRY, PIPELINES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
ALASKA COAST, BALLAST, PIPELINES, DISPOSAL, *TREATED EFFLUENT,
ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, BACTERIA, INVERTEBRATES, BEHAVIOR,
-CHEMORECEPTION,
ALGAE, FUELS, TOXICITY, *HYDRAZINES, *LUBRICANT ADDITIVES, .JET ENGINE FUELS,
ALGAE, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SHALE, TAR, PLANKTON, BACTERIA,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, SAMPLING, LEGISLATION,
UK,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
TOXICITY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, .CARBON TETRACHLORIDE,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RESIDUAL OILS, RECYCLING,
PATENT, .INFRARED ANALYZER,
~NIMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PLANTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, OCS,
ARCTIC, ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
API, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, ECONOMICS, EPA,
API, COST ANALYSIS, ECONOMICS, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL,
-ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENDITURES,
ARCTIC, ACUTE EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, TOXICITY, SUBARCTIC REGIONS, .BIOASSAYS,
0186
0187
R009
0043
0054
0056
0066
0072
0110
0118
0120
0127
0140
R006
0052
0082
0085
0086
0204
0253
0261
0265
0266
0089
0188
0210
0275
0019
0032
0033
0037
0039
SURFACTANTS, EXTRACTION, WASTEWATERS, SEAWATER,
PAH, SEDIMENTS, LAKES, RIVERS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
CONTAMINANTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ENVIRONMENTAL
FRESHWATER,
EFFECTS,
0042
0104
0273
0158
0248
0175
153
-------
0205
0240
0242
0246
0256
0262
0273
ARCTIC, HYDROCARBONS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, FISH, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
ARCTIC, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HABITAT, ECOSYSTEMS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
INTERTIDAL ZONE,
ARCTIC, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, MARINE MAMMALS, BEAUFORT SEA,
ARCTIC, TOXICITY, DRILLING, FISH, MORTALITY, .SALMO GAIRDNERI, .DRILLING MUDS,
ARCTIC, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
ARCTIC, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ARCTIC, ANIMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PLANTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
OCS, ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, DETECTION, MONITORING, LAW ENFORCEMENT, SAMPLING, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, STATISTICS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, TORREY CANYON, OIL
INDUSTRY, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, POLLUTION CONTROL, TANKERS, SPILL CLEANUP, BEHAVIOR, PERSONNEL
TRAINING,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, EQUIPMENT, TANKERS, SPILL CLEANUP,
PERSONNEL TRAINING,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL RECOVERY, USCG, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FISH, MORTALITY, .NANTUCKET SHOALS, .COD, .POLLOCK, .FISH EGGS,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIRDS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, MARINE MAMMALS, .NEWFOUNDLAND, .WHALES, .GLOBICEPHALA MELAENA,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SAMPLING, .WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC
INSTITUTION,
ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, MEXICO/GULF OF, OIL DISCHARGES, SAFETY, STATISTICS,
ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, OCS, .RISK
ANALYSIS,
ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, OCS, .RISK
ANALYSIS,
ATLANTIC OCEAN, TAR, SEAWATER, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, FILTRATION,
BACTERIA, CHROMATOGRAPHY, PAH, .MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION,
BACTERIA, ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, INVERTEBRATES, BEHAVIOR,
.CHEMORECEPTION,
BACTERIA, ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BIODEGRADATION, .PORT VALDEZ,
BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUSTACEANS,
BIODEGRADATION, BALTIC SEA,
BACTERIA, ALGAE, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SHALE, TAR, PLANKTON,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, OXIDATION, COASTS, JAPAN, .ENUMERATION
METHODS,
BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, USSR, .N-ALKANES,
BALLAST, .COMPUTER SIMULATION SYSTEM, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
BALLAST, ALASKA COAST, PIPELINES, DISPOSAL, .TREATED EFFLUENT,
BALLAST, OIL TERMINAL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EQUIPMENT, NORTH SEA,
BALLAST, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOTATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES,
BALLAST, POLLUTION CONTROL, GUIDELINES, OIL DISCHARGES, OIL TERMINAL, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, REGULATIONS,
BALLAST, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, .PORT VALDEZ,
BALTIC SEA, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUSTACEANS,
BIODEGRADATION,
BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS,
MONITORING, NOAA, BLM,
BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ICE, BEAUFORT SEA,
CANADA,
BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS,
BASELINE STUDIES, OIL TRANSPORT, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS,
MOVEMENT, MODELS, PUGET SOUND,
BASELINE STUDIES, PLANKTON, DISTRIBUTION, INTERTIDAL ZONE, .STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA,
BASELINE STUDIES, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MOLLUSKS, SEDIMENTS, PUGET SOUND,
BASELINE STUDIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, CRUDE OIL, PUGET SOUND,
BEACHES, METULA SPILL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ESTUARIES, INTERTIDAL ZONE, CHILE,
BEACHES, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, .MICE, HEALTH HAZARDS, ISRAEL,
BEACHES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, BIRDS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY,
BEAUFORT SEA, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL RFCOVERY, ICE, CANADA, .POLAR PACK ICE,
BEAUFORT SEA, ARCTIC, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, MARINE MAMMALS,
BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ICE,
CANADA,
BEHAVIOR, SAMPLING, FATE, MOVEMENT, SEA SURFACE, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
BEHAVIOR, POLLUTION CO~ROL. MONITORING, SPILL CLEANUP, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
NOAA, .RESEARCH PROGRAMS.
0001
0004
0008
0156
0157
0160
0194
0229
0231
0234
0161
0271
0272
0302
0034
0188
0204
0220
0275
0278
0281
0084
0089
0101
0129
0154
0261
0220
0253
0264
0265
R015
ROll
R001
R004
0002
0203
0228
0075
0242
0264
0028
0153
154
-------
0156
0166
0188
0223
0232
0298
0052
0209
0216
BEHAVIOR, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, POLLUTION CONTROL, TANKERS, SPILL CLEANUP, PERSONNEL
TRAINING,
BEHAVIOR, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MOLLUSKS, CRUSTACEANS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS,
BEHAVIOR, BACTERIA, ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, INVERTEBRATES,
.CHEMORECEPTION,
BEHAVIOR, BLOWOUTS, ICE, MODELS, .ICE SHEET DEFLECTION, .SUBMERGED GAS SOURCE,
BEHAVIOR, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, .REVIEW,
BEHAVIOR, OIL SLICKS, MODELS,
BENTHOS, ALASKA, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, IPRUDHOE BAY,
BENTHOS, FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, MORTALITY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
MASSACHUSETTS,
BENTHOS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, .PLESIOPENAEUS
EDWARDSIANUS, IN-PARAFFINS,
BENTHOS, ADSORPTION, CRUDE OIL, FOOD WEB, DISTRIBUTION, PUGET SOUND, .SUSPENDED
PARTICLES,
BENTHOS, ECOSYSTEMS, FUEL OIL, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MODELS, PLANKTON,
BENTHOS, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, SEDIMENT, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, .TRANSPORT, OIL
INDUSTRY, OIL TRANSPORT, STATE GOVERNMENTS, WASHINGTON,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, PUGET SOUND,
BILGES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE, POLLUTION CONTROL, PATENT, EQUIPMENT,
BILGES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, PATENT, EQUIPMENT,
BIODEGRADATION, SAMPLING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY,
.MUTAGENIC SUBSTANCES,
BIODEGRADATION, ADSORPTION, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL DISPOSAL, DISPERSIONS,
BIODEGRADATION, SPILL CLEANUP, SOURCES, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, DISPERSIONS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION,
BIODEGRADATION, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANKTON,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, IPORT VALDEZ,
BIODEGRADATION, BALTIC SEA, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, CRUSTACEANS,
BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, SPILL CLEANUP, .INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALGAE, OIL SHALE, TAR, PLANKTON,
BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, SEAWATER, INUTRIENTS, IRESPIROMETRIC METHOD,
BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, DISPOSAL, SLUDGE, IAERATION, INUTRIENT ADDITION,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, OXIDATION, COASTS, JAPAN, IENUMERATION
METHODS,
BIODEGRADATION,PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HYDROCARBONS, FUNGI, .TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM,
.FERRIC HYDROXIDE MUD,
BIODEGRADATION, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, SOIL, REFINERIES, ISOIL CULTIVATION PROCESS, .LEAD,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, USSR, IN-ALKANES,
BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS, WEATHERING, IPHOTOOXIDATION ,
BIODEGRADATION, METULA SPILL, CRUDE OI~, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF.
BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING, PUGET SOUND,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, SPILL CLEANUP, FATE,
NOAA, .RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BALLAST, POLLUTION CONTROL, GUIDELINES, OIL DISCHARGES, OIL
TERMINAL, MARINE ORGANISMS, REGULATIONS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, MARSHES, CRUSTACEANS, MORTALITY, REPRODUCTION,
MASSACHUSETTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, SAMPLING, FRESHWATER, MARSHES, ISPECIES
REDUCTION,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, SAMPLING, FRESHWATER, MARSHES, .SPECIES
REDUCTION,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS, FISH,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, WSF, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, .EMBRYO
DEVELOPMENT, .FUNDULUS GRANDIS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, CRUSTACEANS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, .CRANGON CRANGON,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, MARINE MAMMALS, .PHOCA HISPIDA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISH, INVERTEBRATES, HYDROCARBONS, IDISEASE, .DISEASE RESISTANCE,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL DISCHARGES, PLANTS, PLANKTON, MARINE
ORGANISMS, NORTH SEA,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, FUEL OIL, PLANKTON,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, PLANKTON,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEACHES, CRUDE OIL, .MICE, HEALTH HAZARDS, ISRAEL,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, INTERTIDAL
ZONE, .PORT VALDEZ,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT, CANADA, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, MORTALITY,
MASSACHUSETTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, .PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSE,
R006
R018
R003
R020
0091
0105
0030
0066
0079
0191
0204
0220
0237
0275
0276
0277
0278
0279
0280
0281
0297
0301
R016
0153
0154
0162
0164
0172
0173
0177
0178
0179
0180
0185
0189
0191
0192
0195
0203
0204
0206
0209
0218
155
-------
0220
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BALTIC SEA, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS,
CONTAMINATION, CRUSTACEANS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, SOURCES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CRUDE OIL, SLUDGE, FATE,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, -REVIEW,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, MARINE ORGANISMS, HABITAT, ECOSYSTEMS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
INTERTIDAL ZONE,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, ARCTIC, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, BIRDS, MARINE MAMMALS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, OIL SPILLS, -DRILLING MUD
COMPONENTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DRILLING , OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, PLATFORMS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
SEDIMENTS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, OCS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, ANIMALS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PLANTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
OCS, ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, OXIDATION, TOXICITY, YEASTS, *PHOTOOXIDATION ,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, OXIDATION, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, *PHOTOOXIDATION ,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, ECOSYSTEMS, FUEL OIL, FATE, MODELS, PLANKTON,
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TAR, WASTE OIL, -RADIAL CLARIFIERS,
BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, STATISTICS, UK, NORTH SEA,
BIRDS, FISH, HABITAT, SPILL CLEANUP,
BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, MORTALITY, NORTH SEA, ENGLAND,
BIRDS, CONTAMINATION, MORTALITY, UK, -SEABIRDS,
BIRDS, ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, MORTALITY, -DUCKS,
BIRDS, CRUDE OIL, *INGESTION, -OSMOREGULATION, -HERRING GULLS,
BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT, CANADA, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
BIRDS, BEACHES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY,
BIRDS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, CHESAPEAKE BAY, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS,
BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, ARCTIC, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, MARINE MAMMALS,
BIRDS, HABITAT, OIL SPILLS, DISTRIBUTION, PUGET SOUND,
BIRDS, FUEL OIL, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, GUIDELINES,
BIRDS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, FISH, HEALTH HAZARDS, *ALTERED MEMBRANE,
BLACK SEA, UPTAKE, PAH, CARCINOGENS, FISH, MOLLUSKS,
BLM, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS,
MONITORING, NOAA,
BLOWOUT PREVENTION, PERSONNEL TRAINING, *EARLY WARNING TECHNIQUES,
BLOWOUTS, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, FISH, OIL SPILLS, NOAA, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
BLOWOUTS, BEHAVIOR, ICE, MODELS, *ICE SHEET DEFLECTION, *SUBMERGED GAS SOURCE,
BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, EQUIPMENT,
BOOMS, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
BOOMS, SKIMMERS, SPILL CLEANUP, EQUIPMENT,
BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION,
CALIFORNIA, REMOTE SENSING, NATURAL SEEPAGE, USCG, *RADAR SYSTEMS,
CALIFORNIA, LEGISLATION, US, OIL INDUSTRY, *COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT,
CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, NATURAL SEEPAGE, CHRONIC EFFECTS, MOLLUSKS, REPRODUCTION, *SIZE,
CANADA, OIL SLICKS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
CANADA, BEAUFORT SEA, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL RECOVERY, ICE, *POLAR PACK ICE,
CANADA, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
CANADA, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, *N FIXATION,
CANADA, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, RESIDUAL OILS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
-ALEXANDRIA BAY SPILL,
CANADA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ICE,
CANADA, *FISHING LIMIT, LEGISLATION, SURVEILLANCE, FISHERIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
CARCINOGENS, BLACK SEA, UPTAKE, PAH, FISH, MOLLUSKS,
CHEDABUCTO BAY, FUEL OIL, DECOMPOSITION, FATE, *WAVE ENERGY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, SAMPLING, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *REMOTE OPERATION,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, *BOOK REVIEW,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, MASSACHUSETTS,
-BUZZARDS BAY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
0230
0232
0236
0240
0242
0243
0244
0256
0265
0273
0274
0287
0288
R018
0117
0006
0151
0162
0165
0174
0186
0198
0206
0228
0229
0242
R012
R014
R010
0221
025,
0149
0163
022,
0058
0060
0062
0076
0023
0303
0214
0009
0075
0206
0225
0241
0264
0309
0221
0300
0016
0017
0026
0027
0029
0031
0035
0037
0040
0041
0047
SAMPLING, SEAWATER, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, -NAGASAKI BAY,
SAMPLING, DETECTION, WSF. CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, -METHOD
CHROMATOGRAPHY, GASOLINE, WSF,
CONTAMINANTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, -MARKER COMPOUNDS,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, POLLUTION CONTROL,
SURFACTANTS, CRUOE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, OIL INDUSTRY, PETROCHEMICALS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, -TRACE ELEMENTS,
156
COMPARISON,
-------
0282
R002
0051
0081
0049
0052
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, FUEL OIL, RESIDUAL OILS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, ALASKA, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, 'PRUDHOE BAY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, 'HEAVY METALS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY, FISH, UPTAKE
'OIL-DISPERSANT MIXTURE, '
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, 'ALKANES, 'CYCLOALKANES, 'AROMATICS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, SEDIMENT, 'TRANSPORT, OIL
INDUSTRY, OIL TRANSPORT, STATE GOVERNMENTS, WASHINGTON,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BASELINE STUDIES, SAMPLING, MOLLUSKS, SEDIMENTS, PUGET SOUND,
CHEMICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MOLLUSKS, CRUSTACEANS,
CHEMICAL EFFECTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CONTAMINATION,
CHEMICAL EFFECTS, DISPERSIONS, TOXICITY, SPREADING,
CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGRADATION, SAMPLING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS
'MUTAGENIC SUBSTANCES, '
CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIRDS, BEACHES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIRDS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, VIRGINIA, 'OYSTER BEDS,
CHILE, BEACHES, METULA SPILL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ESTUARIES, INTERTIDAL ZONE,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, MASSACHUSETTS,
'BUZZARDS BAY,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, GASOLINE, WSF,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, BACTERIA, PAH, 'MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CONTAMINANTS, 'MARKER COMPOUNDS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SURFACTANTS, CRUDE OIL,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL INDUSTRY, PETROCHEMICALS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, ADSORPTION, HYDROCARBONS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, 'COAL TAR DISTILLATES,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, FUEL OIL, RESIDUAL OILS,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, SOURCES, MARINE ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, CHILE, BEACHES, METULA SPILL, ESTUARIES, INTERTIDAL ZONE,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES, EKOFISK BLOWOUT,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL CLEANUP, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EPA,
'RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, BLOWOUTS, CONTAMINATION, FISH, OIL SPILLS, NOAA, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, MOLLUSKS, CRUSTACEANS,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIRDS, ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MORTALITY, 'DUCKS,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, CONTAMINATION, TOXICITY, FISH, MARSHES, 'BIOCHEMICAL
CHANGES,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, UPTAKE,
RELEASE,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MOLLUSKS, REPRODUCTION, 'SIZE,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CLEANUP, SURFACTANTS,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, FUELS, FISH, TOXICITY, WSF,
COALESCENCE, BILGES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, PATENT, EQUIPMENT,
COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
EQUIPMENT,
COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
COASTS, MONITORING, DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, LAKES, BAYS, RIVERS, USCG, 'CONTINUOUS
WAVE LASER,
COASTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'SYMPOSIUM,
COASTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, OXIDATION, JAPAN, 'ENUMERATION
METHODS,
COASTS, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, PUGET SOUND, 'HARBOR SEAL,
COMPENSATION, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, SPILL CLEANUP, 'OIL
SPILL FUND,
CONSERVATION, ALASKA, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, OIL INDUSTRY, PIPELINES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
CONTAMINANTS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CONTAMINANTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 'MARKER COMPOUNDS,
CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
TOXICITY,
CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, 'PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSE,
CONTAMINANTS, MODELS, SPREADING, OCEANS,
CONTAMINANTS, SAMPLING, WASTEWATERS, MICROORGANISMS, 'PRESERVATION,
CONTAMINATION, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, TANKERS, PLATFORMS, OIL TERMINAL, OFFSHORE
PRODUCTION, OIL DISCHARGES, NORTH SEA,
CONTAMINATION, RESTORATION, SOIL, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, DECOMPOSITION, 'NIGERIA,
0103
0197
0224
0227
R003
R001
0166
0224
0226
0030
0228
0229
0251
0002
0026
0031
0034
0035
0036
0040
0041
0043
0044
0049
0263
0002
0003
0152
0163
0166
0186
0207
0213
0214
0235
R009
0091
0145
0146
0012
0155
0278
R008
0306
0266
0022
0035
0039
0218
157
-------
0179
0181
0193
0093
0163
0168
0114
0201
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, SURFACTANTS, USSR, .DEMULSIFIER,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, BLOWOUTS, FISH, OIL SPILLS, NOAA, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, MORTALITY, CRUSTACEANS, .HOMARUS
0220
0224
0239
0257
R013
CONTAMINATION,
CONTAMINATION,
CONTAMINATION,
AMERICANUS,
CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, MORTALITY, UK, .SEABIRDS ,
CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, TOXICITY, FISH, MARSHES,..BIOCHEMICAL
CHANGES,
CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BALTIC SEA, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS
CRUSTACEANS,
CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL EFFECTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMEN~AL DETERIORATION, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER, DRILLING, OIL WELLS, .DRILLING FLUIDS, .WELL COMPLETION,
CONTAMINATION, FISH, INVERTEBRATES, DISTRIBUTION, FOOD WEB, .POLLUTANT PATHWAYS,
.STRAIT Of JUAN DE FUCA,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL CLEANUP,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SPILL CLEANUP. MODELS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, GEORGES BANK,
MASSACHUSE~TS,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SPILL CLEANUP, US, POLLUTION PREVENTION.
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, EQUIPMENT, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, SPILL CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
NORWAY, NORTH SEA,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL RECOVERY, USCG, SOURCE
IDENTIfICATION,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, MODELS, ENVIRONMEN~AL EFFECTS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, MODELS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PUGET SOUND,
COST ANALYSIS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ECONOMICS, WATER QUALI~Y,
COST ANALYSIS, WAS~EWATER TREATMENT, SOLID WASTES, INDUSTRIES, POLLUTION CONTROL,
COST ANALYSIS, DRILLING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, DISPOSAL,
COST ANALYSIS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIRDS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
COST ANALYSIS, API, ECONOMICS, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL,
.ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENDITURES,
COST ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MODELS, NORTH SEA, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, -SLIKTRAK PROGRAM,
CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, DETEC~ION, WSF, FUEL OIL, -METHOD COMPARISON,
CRUDE OIL, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SPECTROSCOPY, FUEL OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SURFACTANTS,
CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, -~RACE ELEMENTS,
CRUDE OIL, SO~RCE IDENTIFICATION, SPECTROSCOPY, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHERING,
CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, RESTORATION, SOIL, MICROORGANISMS, DECOMPOSITION, -NIGERIA,
CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PIPELIN~S, TANKERS, WATER
QUALITY, US, -WEST COAST,
CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, US, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS,
CRUDE OIL, RESIDUAL OILS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, ~ANKERS, OIL ~ANKS, POLLU~ION PREVENTION,
CRUDE OIL, OIL TANKS, SLUDGE, PATENT, .SLUDGE REMOVAL,
CRUDE OIL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, UK, NORTH SEA,
CRUDE OIL, MORTALITY, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, FISH, HYDROCARBONS, WSF, FUEL OIL, .HATCHING
SUCCESS,
CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, CRUS~ACEANS, MOLLUSKS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS, -PHOCA HISPIDA,
CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, -COHO SALMON,
CRUDE OIL, BIRDS, .INGES~ION, -OSMOREGULATION, -HERRING GULLS,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEACHES, -MICE, HEALTH HAZARDS, ISRAEL,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALASKA, SEDIMENTS, INTERTIDAL
ZONE, -PORT VALDEZ,
CRUDE OIL, CANADA, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, -N FIXATION,
CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, SOURCES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SLUDGE, FATE,
CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, SEAWATER, .NUTRIENTS, -RESPIROMETRIC METHOD,
CRUDE OIL, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, DRIFT, OIL SLICKS,
CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, METULA SPILL, FA~E, HYDROCARBONS, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF.
CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING, PUGET SOUND,
CRUDE OIL, BENTHOS, ADSORPTION, FOOD WEB, DISTRIBUTION, PUGET SOUND -SUSPENDED
PARTICLES, '
CRUDE OIL, BASELINE STUDIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES PUGET SOUND
CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, MARSHES, MORTALITY' REPRODUCTION
MASSACHUSETTS, "
CRUSTACEANS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS, MOLLUSKS,
CRUSTACEANS, CONTAMINATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS MORTALITY -HOMARUS
AMER ICANUS, ' ,
CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM MOLLUSKS MARINE
ORGANISMS, ' ,
CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, .CRANGON CRANGON,
CRUSTACEANS, ACUTE EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, -LETHAL THRESHOLDS -PROCAMBARUS ACUTUS
ACUTUS, '
CRUSTACEANS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, WASTE OIL, TOXICITY, INTERTIDAL ZONE, .LABORATORY
CULTURES,
0010
0067
0080
0150
0160
0311
R005
R019
0088
0109
0124
0229
0248
0290
0029
0038
0040
0047
0048
0081
0085
0086
0115
0116
0135
0167
0169
0180
0182
0198
0203
0204
0225
0230
0276
0289
0301
R016
R006
R004
0164
0166
0168
0169
158
-------
0201
0208
0212
0216
0220
CRUSTACEANS, HYDROCARBONS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, .BALANUS,
CRUSTACEANS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, METABOLISM, .NAPHTHALENE, .LARVAE,
CRUSTACEANS, SURFACTAW"S, TOXICITY, DISTRIBUTION, UK, .CLIBANARIUS ERYTHROPUS,
CRUSTACEANS, BENTHOS, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, .PLESIOPENAEUS
EDWARDSIANUS, .N-PARAFFINS,
CRUSTACEANS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BAbTIC SEA, BACTERIA,
HYDROCARBONS,
DECOMPOSITION, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, RESTORATION, SOIL, MICROORGANISMS, .NIGERIA,
DECOMPOSITION, CHEDABUCTO BAY, FUEL OIL, FATE, .WAVE ENERGY,
DELAWARE, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, SEDIMENTATION, ESTUARIES, RESTORATION, .CORINTHOS OIL
SPILL,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, SAMPLING, PATENT, .REMOTE OPERATION
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, DETECTION, OIL SPILLS, EQUIPMENT, PATENT, .ALARM
DEVICE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
EQUIPMENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, DISPOSAL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MONITORING,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, PATENT,
EQUIPMENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, EQUIPMENT, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, SPILL CLEANUP,
NORWAY, NORTH SEA,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, DRIFT, .TRACKING BUOY,
DETECTION, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, MONITORING, LAW ENFORCEMENT, SAMPLING, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES,
DETECTION, COASTS, MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, LAKES, BAYS, RIVERS, USCG, .CONTINUOUS
WAVE LASER,
DETECTION, MONITORING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, EQUIPMENT, .OIL SENSOR,
DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, EQUIPMENT, PATENT, .ALARM
DEVICE,
DETECTION, MONITORING, EQUIPMENT, RECLAMATION, SAMPLING,
DETECTION, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, SURVEILLANCE, .OIL-ON-WATER,
DETECTION, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, WSF, FUEL OIL, .METHOD COMPARISON,
DETECTION, ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, .ACTIVATED CARBON,
DEVELOPMENT, TOXICITY, FISH, .STARRED STURGEON, .DEEMULSIFIERS , "GROWTH,
DISPERSANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, OIL SLICKS, PATENT, "RESIN,
DISPERSANTS, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, "CRANGON CRANGON,
DISPERSANTS, FUELS, LUBRICATING OIL, ZOOPLANKTON, TOXICITY,
DISPERSANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, FISH, UPTAKE,
.OIL-DISPERSANT MIXTURE,
DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, ADSORPTION, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL DISPOSAL,
DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, SPILL CLEANUP, SOURCES, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION,
DISPERSIONS, HYDROCARBONS, .OXYGEN TRANSFER, .INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATIONS,
DISPERSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, PATENT,
DISPERSIONS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, SPREADING.
DISPOSAL, BALLAST, ALASKA COAST, PIPELINES, .TREATED EFFLUENT,
DISPOSAL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DRILLING, "MUD SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS,
DISPOSAL, WASTEWATERS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "OILY DRILL CUTTINGS,
DISPOSAL, DRILLING, SOLID WASTES, .OIL BASE DRILLING MUDS, .DRILL CUTTINGS,
DISPOSAL, DRILLING, TOXICITY, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATERS, "DRILLING
FLUIDS,
DISPOSAL, COST ANALYSIS, DRILLING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE,
DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MONITORING,
DISPOSAL, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, SOIL, SLUDGE, .AERATION, "NUTRIENT ADDITION,
DISTRIBUTION, CANADA, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HABITAT, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
DISTRIBUTION, CRUSTACEANS, SURFACTANTS, TOXICITY, UK, .CLIBANARIUS ERYTHROPUS,
DISTRIBUTION, CRUSTACEANS, BENTHOS, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, .PLESIOPENAEUS
. EDWARDSIANUS, .N-PARAFFINS,
DISTRIBUTION, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
DISTRIBUTION,
DISTRIBUTION,
DISTRIBUTION,
PARTICLES,
DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, FISH, INVERTEBRATES, FOOD WEB, .POLLUTANT PATHWAYS,
.STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA,
DISTRIBUTION, COASTS, MARINE MAMMALS, PUGET SOUND, .HARBOR SEAL,
DISTRIBUTION, BASELINE STUDIES, PLANKTON, INTERTIDAL ZONE, .STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA,
DRIFT, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, EQUIPMENT, .BUOY,
0081
0300
0292
0016
0018
0055
0058
0120
0133
0138
SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL RECOVERY,
BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SHIPS, EQUIPMENT,
ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, EQUIPMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, GRAVITY SEPARATION,
0145
0150
0293
0001
0012
0013
0018
0020
0021
0029
0126
0183
0077
0179
0190
0197
0066
0079
0100
0141
0226
0089
0107
0113
0114
0121
0124
0138
0277
0206
0212
0216
0295
0302
R012
R006
ATLANTIC OCEAN, TAR, SEAWATER, FATE, FILTRATION,
BIRDS, HABITAT, OIL SPILLS, PUGET SOUND,
CRUDE OIL, BENTHOS, ADSORPTION, FOOD WEB, PUGET SOUND, .SUSPENDED
R013
R008
R011
0014
159
-------
0086
0135
0138
0152
0228
0284
0289
0293
R017
0107
0114
0121
DRIFT, OIL SLICKS, OCEANS, POLLUTION CONTROL, -DRIFT VELOCITY, -WIND, -WAVES,
DRIFT, CRUDE OIL, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, OIL SLICKS, .
DRIFT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, -TRACKING BUOY,
DRIFT, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, PUGET SOUND, -AERIAL DROGUE STUDY, -PREDICTION,
DRILLING, DISPOSAL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, .MUD SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS,
DRILLING, DISPOSAL, SOLID WASTES, -OIL BASE DRILLING MUDS, .DRILL CUTTINGS,
DRILLING, DISPOSAL, TOXICITY, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, WASTEWATERS, .DRILLING
FLUIDS,
DRILLING, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, OIL FIELDS, REGULATIONS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, TEXAS,
DRILLING, DISPOSAL, COST ANALYSIS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE,
DRILLING, TOXICITY, PLANTS, .GROWTH, -DRILLING FLUID COMPONENTS,
DRILLING, ARCTIC, TOXICITY, FISH, MORTALITY, .SALMO GAIRDNERI, -DRILLING MUDS,
DRILLING, OIL WELLS, TOXICITY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISH, -SALMON, -DRILLING MUDS,
DRILLING, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, .SHRIMP, -DRILLING FLUID ADDITIVES,
DRILLING, CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER, OIL WELLS, -DRILLING FLUIDS, .WELL COMPLETION,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIRDS, BEACHES, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIRDS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, RESIDUAL OILS,
-ALEXANDRIA BAY SPILL,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, FISHERIES,
GEORGES BANK,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, PORTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
LOUISIANA, .SUPERPORT,
ECONOMICS, ALASKA, PIPELINES, .ACCIDENTS,
ECONOMICS, COST ANALYSIS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WATER QUALITY,
ECONOMICS, API, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, EPA,
ECONOMICS, COST ANALYSIS, API, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL,
-ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENDITURES,
ECONOMICS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, REGULATIONS,
OIL-GAS LEASING,
ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN
SEA, UN, -UNEP,
ECOSYSTEMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, MARINE ORGANISMS, HABITAT, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
INTERTIDAL lONE,
ECOSYSTEMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, FUEL OIL, FATE, MODELS, PLANKTON,
EIS, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, US, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
EIS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, VIRGINIA, -OYSTER BEDS,
EKOFISK BLOWOUT, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES,
EKOFISK BLOWOUT, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, TORREY CANYON, OIL
INDUSTRY, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
EKOFISK BLOWOUT, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL CLEANUP,
EKOFISK BLOWOUT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, EQUIPMENT, SPILL CLEANUP,
NORWAY, NORTH SEA,
EKOFISK BLOWOUT, DRIFT, CRUDE OIL, OIL SLICKS,
EKOFISK BLOWOUT, COST ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MODELS, NORTH SEA, -SLIKTRAK PROGRAM,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INCINERATION, FUEL OIL, PATENT,
EMULSIONS, FLOCCULA~ION, OIL-WA~ER SEPARATION, PATENT,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER ~REATMENT, PATENT, -SULFURIC ACID PITCH,
EMULSIONS, ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER ~REATMENT, SURFACTANTS, PATENT,
EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, SURFACTANTS, SEAWATER,
EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FUELS, LUBRICATING OIL,
HYDROCARBONS, .AERATION,
EMULSIONS, ADSORPTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT, -SYNtHETIC FIBERS,
EMULSIONS, DISPERSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOTATION, PATENT,
EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT, EQUIPMENT,
ENGLAND, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, -SURFACE FILM-FORMING CHEMICALS,
ENGLAND, BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, MORTALITY, NORTH SEA,
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, CONTAMINATION, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, CONSERVATION, ALASKA, OIL INDUSTRY, PIPELINES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
TOXICITY,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, TANKERS, WATER
QUALITY, US, .WEST COAST,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, ALASXA, OIL TRANSPORT, US,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, OIL-WATER SE?ARATION, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, UK, NORTH SEA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
REFINERIES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, MONITORING,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL CLEANUP, EPA,
-RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC"S, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIRDS, BEACHES, LIABILITY,
OIL SPILLS,
0123
0124
0245
0246
0247
0255
0257
0228
0229
0241
0258
0269
0082
0088
0158
0248
0252
0308
0240
R018
0086
0251
0003
0008
0010
0150
0289
0290
0095
0111
0125
0127
0128
0134
0136
0140
0141
0144
0069
0165
0239
0266
0022
0039
0085
160
-------
0232
0234
0235
0238
0241
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, OIL DISCHARGES, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, .REVIEW,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FATE, SAMPLING, .WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC
INSTITUTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CLEANUP, SURFACTANTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, -REVIEW,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CANADA, OIL SPILLS, RESIDUAL OILS,
.ALEXANDRIA BAY SPILL,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DRILLING, OIL WELLS, TOXICITY, FISH, .SALMON, -DRILLING MUDS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, STORAGE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FEA, FISHERIES, MEXICO/GULF OF,
.SHRIMP, -SALT DOMES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, REFINERIES, VIRGINIA, .OYSTER BEDS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS, REGULATIONS,
OIL-GAS LEASING,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BLM, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
MONITORING, NOAA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL, NORTH SEA, NORWAY,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TAR SANDS, PRODUC~ION , EXTRACTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BALLAST, ALASKA, WASTEWATERS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, .PORT VALDEZ,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDROCARBONS, SOURCES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CANADA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION,
ICE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC~S, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL SPILLS,
LEGISLATION, ONSHORE IMPAC~S,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PLATFORMS, MARINE ORGANISMS, .DRILLING
DISCHARGES,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFEC~S, PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPAC~S,
LOUISIANA, -SUPERPOR~,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, MEXICO/GULF OF,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, OCS, -RISK
ANALYSIS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, OCS, -RISK
ANALYSIS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, ANIMALS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
PLANTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, OCS, ICE,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFEC~S, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTION, HYDROCARBONS , SEAWA~ER, SEDIMENTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, MODELS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, OIL TRANSPORT, REFINERIES, HYDROCARBONS,
MOVEMENT, MODELS, PUGET SOUND,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICS, API, OIL INDUSTRY, EPA,
ENVIRONMENTAL MAN~GEMEN~, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE EXPLORA~ION, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, MEXICO/GULF OF, OIL DISCHARGES, SAFETY, STATISTICS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTEC~ION, REFINERIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, EQUIPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OCS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OFFSHORE
PRODUCTION, REGULATIONS, NORTH SEA,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, RECYCLING, WAS~E OIL, MODELS, LEGISLATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMEN~AL MANAGEMENT, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE
EXPLORATION, MEXICO/GULF OF, OIL DISCHARGES, SAFETY, STATISTICS,
ENVIRONMEN~AL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL-GAS LEASING, REGULATIONS, US
GOVERNMENT, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
EPA, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CLEANUP, .REMO~E SENSING SYSTEMS,
EPA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFEC~S, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL CLEANUP.
.RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
EPA, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICS, API, OIL INDUSTRY,
EPA, LEGISLATION, GUIDELINES, WATER QUALITY, INDUSTRIES, US, -EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS,
EQUIPMENT, DETECTION, MONITORING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, -O+L SENSOR,
EQUIPMENT, DRIFT, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, .BUOY,
EQUIPMENT, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, PATENT, .ALARM
DEVICE,
EQUIPMENT,
EQUIPMENT,
EQUIPMENT,
EQUIPMENT,
EQUIPMENT,
EQUIPMENT,
EQUIPMENT,
0247
0249
0251
0252
0253
0254
0256
0259
0261
0262
0263
0264
0265
0267
0268
0269
0270
0271
0272
0273
0274
0295
R005
R015
0158
0161
0098
0119
0147
0161
0250
0025
0152
0158
0310
0013
0014
0018
0020
0057
0058
0062
0063
0065
0070
DETECTION, MONITORING, RECLAMATION, SAMPLING,
SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SHIPS,
BOOMS, SKIMMERS, SPILL CLEANUP,
SKIMMERS, SPILL RECOVERY,
SPILL CONTAINMENT, MODELS, .STREAMING-FIBER SYSTEM,
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
161
INDUSTRIES,
-------
0014
0091
0098
0101
0105
0120
0132
0133
0139
EQUIPMENT, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL RECOVERY, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, .SUBMERGED CANOPIES,
EQUIPMENT, COALESCENCE, BILGES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, PATENT,
EQUIPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, REFINERIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
EQUIPMENT, BALLAST, OIL TERMINAL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, NORTH SEA,
EQUIPMENT, BILGES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, PATENT,
EQUIPMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT,
EQUIPMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, GRAVITY SEPARATION,
EQUIPMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, GRAVITY
SEPARATION,
EQUIPMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION,
GRAVITY SEPARATION, FLOTATION,
EQUIPMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT, .ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION,
EQUIPMENT, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
EQUIPMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION,
PATENT,
EQUIPMENT, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SPILL CLEANUP,
NORWAY, NORTH SEA,
EQUIPMENT, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, SPILL CLEANUP,
PERSONNEL TRAINING,
ESTUARIES, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CHILE, BEACHES, METULA SPILL, INTERTIDAL ZONE,
ESTUARIES, DELAWARE, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, SEDIMENTATION, RESTORATION, .CORINTHOS OIL
SPILL,
EVAPORATION, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING, MODELS,
EXTRACTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SURFACTANTS, WASTEWATERS, SEAWATER, FRESHWATER,
EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TAR SANDS, PRODUCTION,
FATE, BEHAVIOR, SAMPLING, MOVEMENT, SEA SURFACE, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, SPILL CLEANUP.
NOAA, .RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
FATE, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, SOURCES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SLUDGE,
FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, SAMPLING, .WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC
INSTITUTION,
FATE, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, COST ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, NORTH SEA, .SLIKTRAK PROGRAM
FATE, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTATION, RESTORATION, .CORINTHOS OIL
SPILL,
FATE, HYDROCARBONS, WEATHERING, OCEANS, .POLLUTANT TRANSFER,
FATE, ICE, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, .OIL-IN-ICE ,
FATE, DECOMPOSITION, CHEDABUCTO BAY, FUEL OIL, .WAVE ENERGY,
FATE, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, METULA SPILL, HYDROCARBONS, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF.
FATE, DISTRIBUTION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, TAR, SEAWATER, FILTRATION,
FATE, ECOSYSTEMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, FUEL OIL, MODELS, PLANKTON,
FEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, STORAGE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES, MEXICO/GULF OF,
.SHRIMP, .SALT DOMES,
FILTRATION, EQUIPMENT, BILGES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
FILTRATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT,
FILTRATION, EQUIPMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
GRAVITY SEPARATION, FLOTATION,
FILTRATION, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, TAR, SEAWATER,
FISH, BIRDS, HABITAT, SPILL CLEANUP,
FISH, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BLOWOUTS, OIL SPILLS, NOAA, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
FISH, CRUDE OIL, MORTALITY, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, WSF, FUEL OIL, .HATCHING
SUCCESS,
FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MICROORGANISMS,
FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, WSF, HYDROCARBONS, .EMBRYO
DEVELOPMENT, .FUNDULUS GRANDIS,
FISH, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, .COHO SALMON,
FISH, DEVELOPMENT, TOXICITY, .STARRED STURGEON, .DEEMULSIFIERS , .GROWTH,
FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, INVERTEBRATES, HYDROCARBONS, .DISEASE, .DISEASE RESISTANCE,
FISH, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, MORTALITY, .NANTUCKET SHOALS, .COD, .POLLOCK, .FISH EGGS,
FISH, DISPERSANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, UPTAKE,
.OIL-DISPERSANT MIXTURE,
FISH, ARCTIC, HYDROCARBONS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
FISH, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, TOXICITY, MARSHES, .BIOCHEMICAL
CHANGES,
FISH, TOXICITY, METABOLISM, .DEEMULSIFIERS , .CARP ORGANS, .MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES,
FISH, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, *ARIUS FELIS,
FISH, CARCINOGENS, BLACK SEA, UPTAKE, PAH, MOLLUSKS,
FISH, DRILLING, ARCTIC, TOXICITY, MORTALITY, .SALMO GAIRDNERI, .DRILLING MUDS,
FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DRILLING, OIL WELLS, TOXICITY, *SALMON, .DRILLING MUDS,
FISH, DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, INVERTEBRATES, FOOD WEB, .POLLUTANT PATHWAYS,
.STRAIT OF JUAN DE fUCA,
FISH, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EfFECTS, FUELS, TOXICITY, WSF,
FISH, BIRDS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, HEALTH HAZARDS, *ALTERED MEMBRANE,
FISHERIES, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
FISHERIES, HYDROCARBONS, 4NAPHTHALENES, .MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION,
FISHERIES, FEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EfFECTS, STORAGE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MEXICO/GULF OF,
.SHRIMP, .SALT DOMES,
0142
0144
0145
0150
0151
0002
0292
0286
0032
0259
0028
0153
0230
0234
0290
0292
0296
0299
0300
0301
0302
R018
0249
0105
0131
0139
0302
0151
0163
0161
0177
0178
0182
0183
0185
0194
0191
0205
0207
0211
0219
0221
0246
0247
R013
R009
R010
0003
0202
0249
162
-------
0258
0309
0108
0111
0131
FISHERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL INDUS~RY,
GEORGES BANK,
FISHERIES, CANADA, .FISHING LIMIT, LEGISLATION, SURVEILLANCE, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
FLOCCULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, FLOTATION, .COAGULATION,
FLOCCULATION, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
FLOCCULATION, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS,
FLOTATION,
FLOTATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
FLOTATION, FLOCCULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, .COAGULATION,
FLOTATION, BALLAST, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES,
FLOTATION, FLOCCULATION, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
PETROCHEMICALS,
FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SURFACTANTS, SEAWATER,
FLOTATION, FILTRATION, EQUIPMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, GRAVITY SEPARATION,
FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, DISPERSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT,
FOOD WEB, DISTRIBUTION, CRUDE OIL, BENTHOS, ADSORPTION, PUGET SOUND, .SUSPENDED
PARTICLES,
FOOD WEB, FISH, DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, INVERTEBRATES, .POLLUTANT PATHWAYS,
.STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA,
FRESHWATER, EXTRACTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SURFACTANTS, WASTEWATERS, SEAWATER,
FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, SAMPLING, MARSHES, .SPECIES
REDUCTION,
FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, SAMPLING, MARSHES, .SPECIES
REDUCTION,
FUEL OIL, DETECTION, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, WSF, .METHOD COMPARISON,
FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SPECTROSCOPY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
FUEL OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, RESIDUAL OILS,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
FUEL OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, INCINERATION, PATENT,
FUEL OIL, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INCINERATION, PATENT,
FUEL OIL, ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INCINERATION, .ACTIVATED CARBON, .OTTO
FUEL,
FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARSHES, MORTALITY, REPRODUCTION,
MASSACHUSETTS,
FUEL OIL, FISH, CRUDE OIL, MORTALITY, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, WSF. .HATCHING
SUCCESS,
FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, MOLLUSKS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
FUEL OIL, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, WSF, HYDROCARBONS, .EMBRYO
DEVELOPMENT, .FUNDULUS GRANDIS,
FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, RESTORATION, SEDIMENTS, MASSACHUSETTS, .MARSH GRASS,
FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, PLANKTON,
FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANKTON,
FUEL OIL, FISH, DISPERSANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, UPTAKE,
.OIL-DISPERSANT MIXTURE,
FUEL OIL, FISH, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, TOXICITY, MARSHES, .BIOCHEMICAL
CHANGES,
FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, MORTALITY,
MASSACHUSETTS,
FUEL OIL, PAH, TOXICITY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, LAKES, .SALAMANDERS, .DIESEL OIL,
.ASPHALT,
FUEL OIL, FISH, TOXICITY, .ARIUS FELIS,
FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OXIDATION, TOXICITY, YEASTS, .PHOTOOXIDATION ,
FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OXIDATION, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, .PHOTOOXIDATION ,
FUEL OIL, FATE, DECOMPOSITION, CHEDABUCTO BAY, .WAVE ENERGY,
FUEL OIL, FATE, ECOSYSTEMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, MODELS, PLANKTON,
FUEL OIL, BIRDS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, GUIDELINES,
FUELS, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, LUBRICATING OIL,
HYDROCARBONS, *AERATION,
FUELS, DISPERSANTS, LUBRICATING OIL, ZOOPLANKTON, TOXICITY,
FUELS, ALGAE, TOXICITY, *HYDRAZINES, *LUBRICANT ADDITIVES, *JET ENGINE FUELS,
FUELS, FISH, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, WSF,
FUNGI, BIODEGRADATION,PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HYDROCARBONS, *TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM,
IFERRIC HYDROXIDE MUD,
GASOLINE, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WSF,
GASOLINE, TOXICITY, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, .AEDES AEGYPTI,
GEORGES BANK, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SPILL CLEANUP, MODELS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
MASSACHUSETTS,
GEORGES BANK, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
OIL INDUSTRY,
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, DETECTION, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, MONITORING, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
SAMPLING,
GRAVITY SEPARATION, PRODUCTION, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, .OIL INTERCEPTORS,
0106
0108
0129
0131
0134
0139
0141
R006
R013
0032
0172
0173
0029
0038
0049
0092
0095
0110
0164
0167
0169
0178
0184
0191
0192
0197
0207
0209
0215
0219
0287
0288
0300
R018
R014
0136
0190
0210
R009
0279
0031
0170
0067
0258
0001
0094
163
-------
0132
0133
0139
GRAVITY SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS,
GRAVITY SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT,
GRAVITY SEPARATION, FLOTATION, FILTRATION, EQUIPMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMEN~,
GRAVITY SEPARATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT,
GRAVITY SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
PATENT,
GROUNDWATER, DRILLING, CONTAMINATION, OIL WELLS, .DRILLING FLUIDS, .WELL COMPLETION,
GUIDELINES, DRILLING, DISPOSAL, TOXICITY, OIL INDUSTRY, WASTEWATERS, .DRILLING
FLUIDS,
GUIDELINES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BALLAST, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL DISCHARGES, OIL
TERMINAL, MARINE ORGANISMS, REGULATIONS,
GUIDELINES, EPA, LEGISLATION, WATER QUALITY, INDUSTRIES, US, .EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS,
GUIDELINES, FUEL OIL, BIRDS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY,
HABITAT, FISH, BIRDS, SPILL CLEANUP,
HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, CANADA, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
HABITAT, ECOSYSTEMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, MARINE ORGANISMS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
INTERTIDAL ZONE,
HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, PUGET SOUND,
HARBORS, MOVEMENT, SEDIMENTATION, INDUSTRIES, MASSACHUSETTS, .NEW BEDFORD HARBOR,
HEALTH HAZARDS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEACHES, .MICE, ISRAEL,
HEALTH HAZARDS, FISH, BIRDS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, .AL~ERED MEMBRANE,
HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, OCEANS, MEXICO/GULF OF, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, .BOOK REVIEW,
HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS, MASSACHUSETTS,
.BUZZARDS BAY,
HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, .CARBON TETRACHLORIDE,
HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ADSORPTION,
HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, *COAL TAR DISTILLATES,
HYDROCARBONS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PRODUCTION, MEXICO/GULF OF, MISSISSIPPI RIVER,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, ALASKA, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SEDIMENTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, .PRUDHOE BAY,
HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSIONS, .OXYGEN TRANSFER, -INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATIONS,
HYDROCARBONS, GRAVITY SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS,
HYDROCARBONS, FUELS, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
LUBRICATING OIL, -AERATION,
HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FISH, CRUDE OIL, MORTALITY, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, WSF. -HATCHING
SUCCESS,
HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, METABOLISM, MOLLUSKS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, WSF, -EMBRYO
DEVELOPMENT, -FUNDULUS GRANDIS,
HYDROCARBONS , TOXICI~Y, MOLLUSKS, SEDIMENTS, -CARBON FLUX, -MYA ARENARIA,
HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CRUDE OIL, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, *COHO SALMON,
HYDROCARBONS, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, INVERTEBRATES, *DISEASE, -DISEASE RESISTANCE,
HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, ACUTE EFFECTS, .LETHAL ~HRESHOLDS, *PROCAMBARUS ACUTUS
ACUTUS,
HYDROCARBONS, BEHAVIOR, BACTERIA, ALGAE, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, INVERTEBRATES,
-CHEMORECEPTION,
HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS,
HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, RESPIRATION, .MYTILUS EDULIS,
HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FISH, DISPERSANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, TOXICITY, UPTAKE,
-OIL-DISPERSANT MIXTURE,
HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, MICROORGANISMS, .ADHESION,
HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, MICROORGANISMS, -GROW~H KINE~ICS,
HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, PE~ROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, *BALANUS,
HYDROCARBONS, FISHERIES, -NAPHTHALENES, *MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCEN~RA~ION,
HYDROCARBONS, FISH, ARCTIC, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, ~OXICITY, METABOLISM, .NAPHTHALENE, -LARVAE,
HYDROCARBONS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, UPTAKE,
RELEASE,
HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, CRUSTACEANS, BENTHOS, METABOLISM, .PLESIOPENAEUS
EDWARDSIANUS, *N-PARAFFINS,
HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, METABOLISM, RELEASE, MARINE ORGANISMS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS,
-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES,
HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BALTIC
SEA, BACTERIA,
HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, CANADA, SEDIMENTS, .N FIXATION,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, TOXICITY, .ALKANES, .CYCLOALKANES, -AROMATICS,
HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SOURCES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
HYDROCARBONS, COASTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OXIDATION, JAPAN, .ENUMERATION
METHODS,
0143
0145
0257
0121
0154
0310
R014
0151
0206
0240
R012
0285
0203
R010
0015
0017
0026
0042
0043
0044
0045
0052
0100
0132
0136
0167
0169
0178
0181
0182
0185
0187
0188
0195
0196
0197
0199
0200
0201
0202
0205
0208
0213
0216
0217
0220
0225
0227
0236
0263
0278
164
-------
0279
0281
0292
0295
0296
0297
0301
R003
HYDROCARBONS, FUNGI, BIODEGRADATION,PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, 'TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM,
'FERRIC HYDROXIDE MUD,
HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, SEAWATER, USSR, 'N-ALKANES,
HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE, SEDIMENTATION, RESTORATION, 'CORINTHOS OIL
SPILL,
HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTION, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
HYDROCARBONS, FATE, WEATHERING, OCEANS, 'POLLUTAN~ ~RANSFER,
HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS, WEATHERING, 'PHOTOOXIDATION ,
HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, METULA SPILL, MAGELLAN/STRAI~ OF,
HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEN~HOS, SEAWA~ER, SEDIMENT, 'TRANSPORT, OIL
INDUSTRY, OIL TRANSPORT, STATE GOVERNMENTS, WASHINGTON,
HYDROCARBONS, HEALTH HAZARDS, FISH, BIRDS, ~OXICI~Y, 'ALTERED MEMBRANE,
HYDROCARBONS, INSECTS, 'PLEUSTON, 'BIO-INDICATOR, 'HALOBATES,
HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, OIL TRANSPORT, REFINERIES,
MOVEMENT, MODELS, PUGET SOUND,
ICE, OIL SPILLS, 'HUDSON RIVER,
ICE, CANADA, BEAUFORT SEA, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL RECOVERY, 'POLAR PACK ICE,
ICE, BLOWOUTS, BEHAVIOR, MODELS, 'ICE SHEET DEFLEC~ION, 'SUBMERGED GAS SOURCE,
ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CANADA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE
EXPLORATION,
ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, ANIMALS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
PLANTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, OCS,
ICE, FATE, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, 'OIL-IN-ICE,
INCINERATION, FUEL OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, PATEN~,
INCINERATION, FUEL OIL, EMULSIONS, WAS~EWATER ~REATMENT, PATENT,
INCINERA~ION, WASTEWA~ER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, USSR, 'WATER PURIFICA~ION,
INCINERATION, FUEL OIL, ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'ACTIVATED CARBON, 'OTTO
FUEL,
INDUSTRIES, EQUIPMEN~, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
INDUSTRIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
'TREATMENT PROCESSES,
INDUSTRIES, COST ANALYSIS, WAS~EWATER ~REATMEN~, SOLID WASTES, POLLUTION CONTROL,
INDUSTRIES, HARBORS, MOVEMENT, SEDIMENTATION, MASSACHUSETTS, 'NEW BEDFORD HARBOR,
INDUSTRIES, GUIDELINES, EPA, LEGISLATION, WATER QUALI~Y, US, 'EFFLUENT LIMI~ATIONS,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS, OIL SPILLS, SOURCES, 'SPILL DIRECTORY,
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, LEGISLATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, 'UN
CONFERENCE/LAW OF THE SEA,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, COMPENSATION, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CLEANUP. 'OIL
SPILL FUND,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ECONOMICS, POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN
SEA, UN, 'UNEP,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION CONTROL,
INTERTIDAL ZONE, ESTUARIES, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CHILE, BEACHES, METULA SPILL,
INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUSTACEANS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, WASTE OIL, TOXICITY, 'LABORATORY
CULTURES,
INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALASKA,
SEDIMENTS, 'PORT VALDEZ,
INTERTIDAL ZONE, HABITAT, ECOSYSTEMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, MARINE ORGANISMS,
SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
INTERTIDAL ZONE, DISTRIBUTION, BASELINE STUDIES, PLANKTON, 'STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA,
INVERTEBRATES, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 'DISEASE, 'DISEASE RESISTANCE,
INVERTEBRATES, HYDROCARBONS, BEHAVIOR, BACTERIA, ALGAE, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS,
'CHEMORECEPTION,
INVERTEBRATES, FOOD WEB, FISH, DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, 'POLLUTANT PATHWAYS,
'STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA,
ISRAEL, HEALTH HAZARDS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFEC~S, BEACHES, 'MICE,
JAPAN, HYDROCARBONS, COASTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OXIDATION, 'ENUMERATION
METHODS,
LAKES, DETECTION, COASTS, MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, BAYS, RIVERS, USCG, 'CONTINUOUS
WAVE LASER,
LAKES, ANALYTICAL TECHN?QUES, PAH, SEDIMENTS, RIVERS,
LAKES, FUEL OIL, PAH, TOXICITY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'SALAMANDERS, 'DIESEL OIL,
'ASPHALT,
LAW ENFORCEMENT, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, DETECTION, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, MONITORING,
SAMPLING,
LEAKAGE, SPILL CONTAINMENT, OIL TRANSFER, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PORTS, 'CONTAINMENT
RING,
LEAKAGE, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, STATISTICS, OIL TRANSPORT, US,
LEGISLATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, SAMPLING,
UK,
LEGISLATION, BOOMS, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL, MODELS,
LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL
SPILLS, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
R010
R007
R015
0005
007?
0223
0264
0273
0299
0092
0095
0096
0110
0070
0099
0109
0285
0310
0007
0307
0306
0308
0311
0002
0193
0204
0240
R011
0185
0188
R013
0203
0278
0012
0033
0215
0001
0083
0087
0019
0076
0147
0267
165
-------
0303
0307
0309
0310
0228
LEGISLATION, CALIFORNIA, US, OIL INDUSTRY, .COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT,
LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, .UN
CONFERENCE/LAW OF THE SEA,
LEGISLATION, FISHERIES, CANADA, .FISHING LIMIT, SURVEILLANCE, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
LEGISLATION, INDUSTRIES, GUIDELINES, EPA, WATER QUALITY, US, .EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS,
LIABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIRDS, BEACHES,
OIL SPILLS,
LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, COMPENSATION, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CLEANUP, .OIL
SPILL FUND,
LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, .SUPERPORT,
LUBRICATING OIL, HYDROCARBONS, FUELS, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, .AERATION,
LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION,
LUBRICATING OIL, FUELS, DISPERSANTS, ZOOPLANKTON, TOXICITY,
MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, METULA SPILL,
MARINE MAMMALS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, .PHOCA HISPIDA,
MARINE MAMMALS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, .NEWFOUNDLAND, *WHALES, *GLOBICEPHALA MELAENA,
MARINE MAMMALS, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, ARCTIC, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION,
MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, COASTS, PUGET SOUND, .HARBOR SEAL,
MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, CHRONIC EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, ALASKA, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, SEDIMENTS, .PRUDHOE BAY,
MARINE ORGANISMS, GUIDELINES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BALLAST, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL
DISCHARGES, OIL TERMINAL, REGULATIONS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, METABOLISM,
MOLLUSKS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, ARCTIC, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, SUBARCTIC REGIONS, .BIOASSAYS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL DISCHARGES, PLANTS,
PLANKTON, NORTH SEA,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SUBLETHAL EFFEC~S,
MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, OIL SPILLS, MORTALITY,
MASSACHUSETTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, TOXICITY, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, UPTAKE,
RELEASE,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, METABOLISM, RELEASE, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS,
.BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES,
MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFEC~S, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, .PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSE,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFEC~S,
MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, HABITAT, ECOSYSTEMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC,
SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, .DRILLING MUD
COMPONENTS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,DRILLING , OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, PLATFORMS,
SEDIMENTS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL,
MARINE ORGANISMS, DRILLING, TOXICITY, .SHRIMP, .DRILLING FLUID ADDITIVES,
MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BALLAST, ALASKA, WASTEWATERS, PIPELINES, OIL
SPILLS, .PORT VALDEZ,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SOURCES,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PLATFORMS, .DRILLING
DISCHARGES,
MARINE ORGANISMS, ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, ANIMALS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PLAN~S, OCS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OXIDATION, TOXICITY, .PHOTOOXIDATION ,
MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTION, SEAWATER,
SEDIMENTS,
MARSHES, FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MORTALITY, REPRODUC~ION,
MASSACHUSETTS,
MARSHES, FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, SAMPLING, .SPECIES
REDUCTION,
MARSHES, FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, SAMPLING, .SPECIES
REDUCTION,
MARSHES, FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, SEDIMENTS, MASSACHUSETTS, *MARSH GRASS,
MARSHES, FUEL OIL, FISH, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, TOXICITY, .BIOCHEMICAL
CHANGES,
MASSACHUSETTS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS,
.BUZZARDS BAY,
MASSACHUSETTS, GEORGES BANK, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SPILL CLEANUP, MODELS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
MASSACHUSETTS, MARSHES, FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MORTALITY,
REPRODUCTION,
MASSACHUSETTS, MARSHES, FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, RESTORATION, SEDIMENTS, .MARSH GRASS,
0306
0269
0136
0148
0190
0301
0180
0231
0242
R008
0003
0052
0154
0169
0175
0189
0195
0209
0213
0217
0218
0236
0240
0243
0244
0255
0261
0263
0268
0273
0274
0288
0295
0164
0172
0173
0184
0207
0026
0067
0164
0184
166
-------
0209
0285
0028
0239
0301
MASSACHUSETTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, OIL SPILLS,
MORTALITY,
MASSACHUSETTS, INDUSTRIES, HARBORS, MOVEMENT, SEDIMENTATION, *NEW BEDFORD HARBOR,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, FATE, BEHAVIOR, SAMPLING, MOVEMENT, SEA SURFACE,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, CONTAMINATION,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, *UN
CONFERENCE/LAW OF THE SEA,
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ECONOMICS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
MONITORING, UN, *UNEP,
METABOLISM, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, TOXICITY, *HOLDING POND,
METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS I FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL,
MOLLUSKS,
METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, TOXICITY, *NAPHTHALENE, *LARVAE,
METABOLISM, FISH, TOXICITY, *DEEMULSIFIERS , *CARP ORGANS, *MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES,
METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, CRUSTACEANS, BENTHOS, *PLESIOPENAEUS
EDWARDSIANUS, *N-PARAFFINS,
METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS,
*BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES,
METULA SPILL, INTERTIDAL ZONE, ESTUARIES, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CHILE, BEACHES,
METULA SPILL, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, BIODECRADATION,
MEXICO/GULF Of, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, OCEANS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
MEXICO/GULF OF. HYDROCARBONS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PRODUCTION, MISSISSIPPI RIVER,
MEXICO/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ATLANTIC COAST,
OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OIL DISCHARGES, SAFETY, STATISTICS,
MEXICO/GULF OF, FISHERIES, FEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, STORAGE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
.SHRIMP, *SALT DOMES,
MEXICO/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL INDUSTRY,
MICROORGANISMS, DECOMPOSITION, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, RESTORATION, SOIL, *NIGERIA,
MICROORGANISMS, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, *ADHESION,
MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, *GROWTH KINETICS,
MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, SAMPLING, PUGET SOUND,
MICROORGANISMS, CONTAMINANTS, SAMPLING, WASTEWATERS, *PRESERVATION,
MISSISSIPPI RIVER, MEXICO/GULf OF, HYDROCARBONS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PRODUCTION,
MODELS, EQUIPMENT, SPILL CONTAINMENT, *STREAMING-FIBER SYSTEM,
MODELS, MASSACHUSETTS, GEORGES BANK, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SPILL CLEANUP, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
MODELS, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, RECYCLING, WASTE OIL,
MODELS, ICE, BLOWOUTS, BEHAVIOR, .ICE SHEET DEfLECTION, .SUBMERGED GAS SOURCE,
MODELS, CONTAMINANTS, SPREADING, OCEANS,
MODELS, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, .WIND DRIfT, *GRAVITY CURRENT,
MODELS, EVAPORATION, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING,
MODELS, FATE, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, COST ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, *SLIKTRAK PROGRAM,
MODELS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OfFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, OCS, *SPILL TRAJECTORY,
MODELS, BEHAVIOR, OIL SLICKS,
MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFfECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
MODELS, FUEL OIL, FATE, ECOSYSTEMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, PLANKTON,
MODELS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PUGET SOUND,
MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EfFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, OIL TRANSPORT,
REfINERIES, MOVEMENT, PUGET SOUND,
MOLLUSKS, CRUSTACEANS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CHEMICAL EfFECTS, BEHAVIOR, OIL SPILLS,
MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE
OIL,
MOLLUSKS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, .BARNACLES,
MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, SEDIMENTS, .CARBON FLUX, *MYA ARENARIA,
MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, RESPIRATION, *MYTILUS EDULIS,
MOLLUSKS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, NATURAL SEEPAGE, REPRODUCTION, .SIZE,
MOLLUSKS, fISH, CARCINOGENS, BLACK SEA, UPTAKE, PAH,
MOLLUSKS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BASELINE STUDIES, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS, PUGET SOUND,
MONITORING, LAW ENFORCEMENT, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, DETECTION, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
SAMPLING,
MONITORING, LAKES, DETECTION, COASTS, REMOTE SENSING, BAYS, RIVERS, USCG, *CONTINUOUS
WAVE LASER,
MONITORING, EQUIPMENT, DETECTION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, .OIL SENSOR,
MONITORING, EQUIPMENT, DRIFT, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, .BUOY,
MONITORING, MEXICO/GULF Of, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, PATENT, *REMOTE OPERATION,
MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, .BOOK REVIEW,
MONITORING, EQUIPMENT, DETEC1ION, DESIGN-ENGINCERING, OIL SPILLS, PATENT, *ALARM
DEVICE,
MONITORING, LEGISLATIQ~, AMALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATERS, SAMPLING,
UK,
MONITORING,
MONITORING,
MONITORING,
0308
0122
0169
0208
0211
0216
0211
0002
0301
0015
0045
0161
0249
0270
0081
0177
0199
0200
R016
R002
0045
0065
0067
0147
0223
0282
0283
0286
0290
0291
0298
R005
R018
R019
R015
0166
0169
0176
0181
0196
0214
0221
R001
0001
0012
0013
0014
0015
0016
0017
0018
0019
0020
0021
0022
EQUIPMEN~. DETECTION, RECLAMATION, SAMPLING,
DETECTION, OIL SLICKS, SURVEILLANCE, *OIL-ON-WATER,
ENVIBONM£»iAl £FFECTS~ CONTAMINANTS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS,
167
-------
0104
MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RESIDUAL OILS, RECYCLING,
PATENT, .INFRARED ANALYZER,
MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT" DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, REFINERIES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
MONITORING, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, POLLUTION CONTROL, SPILL CLEANUP,
NOAA, .RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BLM, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS, NOAA,
MONITORING, DRIFT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SLICKS, .TRACKING BUOY,
MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ECONOMICS, POLLUTION
CONTROL, UN, .UNEP,
MONITORING, DRIFT, OIL SLICKS, PUGET SOUND, .AERIAL DROGUE STUDY, .PREDICTION,
MORTALITY, MASSACHUSETTS, MARSHES, FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
REPRODUCTION,
MORTALITY, ENGLAND, BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, NORTH SEA,
MORTALITY, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FISH, CRUDE OIL, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, WSF, .HATCHING
SUCCESS,
MORTALITY, CRUSTACEANS, CONTAMINATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, .HOMARUS
AMERICANUS,
MORTALITY, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, UK, .SEABIRDS ,
MORTALITY, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIRDS, ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, .DUCKS,
MORTALITY, FISH, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, .NANTUCKET SHOALS, .COD, .POLLOCK, .FISH EGGS,
MORTALITY, MASSACHUSETTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, OIL
SPILLS,
MORTALITY, FISH, DRILLING, ARCTIC, TOXICITY, .SALMO GAIRDNERI, *DRILLING MUDS,
MOVEMENT, MONITORING, EQUIPMENT, DRIFT, OIL SLICKS, *BUOY,
MOVEMENT, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, FATE, BEHAVIOR, SAMPLING, SEA SURFACE,
MOVEMENT, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, .WI~D DRIFT, .GRAVITY CURRENT,
MOVEMENT, MASSACHUSETTS, INDUSTRIES, HARBORS, SEDIMENTATION, .NEW BEDFORD HARBOR,
MOVEMENT, SEA SURFACE, OIL SLICKS, OCS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, NEW YORK,
MOVEMENT, ICE, FATE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, .OIL-IN-ICE ,
MOVEMENT, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, OIL
TRANSPORT, REFINERIES, PUGET SOUND,
NATURAL SEEPAGE, CALIFORNIA, REMOTE SENSING, USCG, .RADAR SYSTEMS,
NATURAL SEEPAGE, MOLLUSKS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, REPRODUCTION, *SIZE,
NEW YORK, MOVEMENT, SEA SURFACE, OIL SLICKS, OCS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES,
NOAA, MONITORING, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, POLLUTION CONTROL, SPILL
CLEANUP, .RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
NOAA, FISH, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BLOWOUTS, OIL SPILLS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
NOAA, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BLM, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
NORTH SEA, BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, STATISTICS, UK,
NORTH SEA, CONTAMINATION, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, TANKERS, PLATFORMS, OIL TERMINAL,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL DISCHARGES,
NORTH SEA, EQUIPMENT, BALLAST, OIL TERMINAL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OCS, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, REGULATIONS,
NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL DISCHARGES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, UK,
NORTH SEA, EQUIPMENT, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SPILL
CLEANUP, NORWAY,
NORTH SEA, MORTALITY, ENGLAND, BIRDS, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
NORTH SEA, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL DISCHARGES,
PLANTS, PLANKTON,
NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL, NORWAY,
NORTH SEA, MODELS, FATE, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, COST ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, *SLIKTRAK PROGRAM,
NORWAY, NORTH SEA, EQUIPMENT, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, SPILL CLEANUP,
NORWAY, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL,
OCEANS, MONITORING, MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
OCEANS, MODELS, CONTAMINANTS, SPREADING,
OCEANS, DRIFT, OIL SLICKS, POLLUTION CONTROL, *DRIFT VELOCITY, .WIND, *WAVES,
OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, WEATHERING, .POLLUTANT TRANSFER,
OCS, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL DISCHARGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, REGULATIONS,
OCS, NOAA, MONITORING, ENVI~ONMENTAL EFFECTS, BLM, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFfECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, *RISK
ANALYSIS,
OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, .RISK
ANALYSIS,
OCS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC,
ANIMALS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT~ PLANTS,
0138
0153
0253
0293
0308
Ron
0164
0165
0167
0168
0174
0186
0194
0209
0246
0014
0028
0283
0285
0294
0299
R015
0023
0214
0294
0153
0163
0253
0006
0051
0101
0119
0135
0150
0165
0189
0254
0290
0150
0254
0015
0282
0284
0296
0119
0253
0265
0271
0272
0273
168
-------
0291
0294
0061
0189
OCS, MODELS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, .SPILL TRAJECTORY,
OCS, NEW YORK, MOVEMENT, SEA SURFACE, OIL SLICKS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MODELS, MASSACHUSETTS, GEORGES BANK, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SPILL
CLEANUP,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES,
PLANTS, PLANKTON, .
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MEXICO/GULF OF, FISHERIES, FEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, STORAGE,
.SHRIMP, .SALT DOMES,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL-GAS LEASING, REGULATIONS, US
GOVERNMENT, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, REGULATIONS,
OIL-GAS LEASING,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, NOAA, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BLM, BASELINE
STUDIES, ALASKA,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORWAY, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, GEORGES BANK, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION,
OIL INDUSTRY,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
STUDIES, ALASKA,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, CONSERVATION, ALASKA, OIL INDUSTRY,
PIPELINES,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, PORTS,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, .SUPERPORT,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MEXICO/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL INDUSTRY,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, .RISK
ANALYSIS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, .RISK
ANALYSIS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, ARCTIC, ANIMALS, PLANTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MODELS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, .SPILL TRAJECTORY,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MOVEMENT, ICE, FATE, .OIL-IN-ICE ,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PORTS, REGULATIONS, USCG, .DEEPWATER PORT ACT,
OFFSHORE DRILLING, DISPOSAL, WASTEWATERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, .OILY DRILL CUTTINGS,
OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, .DRILLING MUD
COMPONENTS,
OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PLATFORMS, .DRILLING
DISCHARGES,
OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, MEXICO/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL DISCHARGES, SAFETY, STATISTICS,
OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, MARINE MAMMALS, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, ARCTIC,
OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, GEORGES BANK, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
OIL INDUSTRY,
OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CANADA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE
STUDIES,
OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL
SPILLS, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OCEANS, MONITORING, MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, NORTH SEA, CONTAMINATION, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, TANKERS,
PLATFORMS, OIL TERMINAL, OIL DISCHARGES,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OCS, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL DISCHARGES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REGULATIONS,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,DRILLING , PLATFORMS,
SEDIMENTS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, SOURCES,
OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL
SPILLS, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, LEGISLATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATERS, SAMPLING,
UK,
OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, NORTH SEA, CONTAMINATION, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
TANKERS, PLATFORMS, OIL TERMINAL,
OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OCS, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REGULATIONS,
OIL DISCHARGES, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, UK,
OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE ORGANISMS, GUIDELINES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BALLAST, POLLUTION
CONTROL, OIL TERMINAL, REGULATIONS,
OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, MEXICO/GULF OF. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ATLANTIC COAST, SAFETY, STATISTICS,
0249
0250
0252
0253
0254
0258
0260
0262
0265
ONSHORE IMPACTS, US, SCOTLAND, .PLANNING,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC,
OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE
0266
0269
0210
0211
0212
0213
0291
0299
0305
0113
0243
0268
0214
0161
0242
0258
0264
0261
0015
0051
0119
0138
0244
0263
0261
0019
0051
0119
0135
0154
0161
169
-------
0189
0232
0294
0304
0123
0250
0252
OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
PLANTS, PLANKTON,
OIL DISCHARGES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, 'REVIEW,
OIL DISCHARGES, OCS, NEW YORK, MOVEMENT, SEA SURFACE, OIL SLICKS, OIL TRANSPORT,
OIL DISCHARGES, REGULATIONS, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, USCG,
OIL FIELDS, DRILLING, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, REGULATIONS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, TEXAS,
OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, REGULATIONS, US
GOVERNMENT, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, ONSHORE
IMPACTS, REGULATIONS,
OIL INDUSTRY, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, SANTA BARBARA CHANN~L, TORREY
CANYON, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL INDUSTRY, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PETROCHEMICALS,
OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, DRILLING, DISPOSAL, TOXICITY, WASTEWATERS, 'DRILLING
FLUIDS,
OIL INDUSTRY, EPA, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICS, API,
OIL INDUSTRY, POLLUTION CONTROL, SURVEILLANCE, 'SURVEY,
OIL INDUSTRY, ECONOMICS, COST ANALYSIS, API, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL,
'ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENDITURES,
OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, GEORGES BANK, FISHERIES,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, CONSERVATION, ALASKA,
PIPELINES,
OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MEXICO/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEC~S,
OIL INDUSTRY, LEGISLATION, CALIFORNIA, US, 'COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT,
OIL INDUSTRY, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL, P~GET SOUND,
OIL INDUSTRY, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, SEAWATER, SEDI~ENT,
'TRANSPORT, OIL TRANSPORT, STATE GOVERNMENTS, WASHINGTON,
OIL SHALE, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALGAE, TAR, PLANKTON,
OIL SLICKS, CANADA, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, MONITORING, EQUIPMENT, DRIFT, 'BUOY,
OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, 'OIL-ON-WATER,
OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, SEAWATER, 'LIDAR ENERGETICS,
OIL SLICKS, DISPERSANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT, 'RESIN,
OIL SLICKS~ SEA SURFACE, 'RADIOLOCATION SIGNALS,
OIL SLICKS, OCEANS, DRIFT, POLLUTION CONTROL, 'DRIFT VELOCITY, 'WIND, '~AVES,
OIL SLICKS, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, DRIFT, CRUDE OIL,
OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, DRIFT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'TRACKING BUOY,
OIL SLICKS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCS, NEW YORK, MOVEMENT, SEA SURFACE, OIL T?ANSPORT,
OIL SLICKS, MODELS, BEHAVIOR,
OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, DRIFT, PUGET SOUND, 'AERIAL DROGUE STUDY, 'PRED:CTION,
OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, STATISTICS, TANKERS,
OIL SPILLS, ICE, 'HUDSON RIVER,
OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, BIRDS, STATISTICS, UK,
OIL SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, SOURCES, 'SPILL DIRECTORY,
OIL SPILLS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, TANKERS, US, 'BARGES,
OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, EQUIPMENT, DETECTION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, 'OIL SENSOR,
OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, EQUIPMENT, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT, 'ALARM
DEVICE,
OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, REMOTE SENSI~G,
OIL SPILLS, EPA, REMOTE SENSING, SPILL CLEANUP, 'REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS,
OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, POLLUTION PREV~NTION,
OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, TANKERS, STATISTICS, OIL TRANSPORT, US,
OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, GRAVITY SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
OIL SPILLS, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
OIL SPILLS, NOAA, FISH, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BLOWOUTS, PETRO~EUM PRODUCTS,
OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, MORTALITY, ENGLAND, BIRDS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION.
OIL SPILLS, MOLLUSKS, CRUSTACEANS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR,
OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, SAMPLING, 'SPECIES
REDUCTION,
OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, SAMPLING, 'SPECIES
REDUCTION,
OIL SPILLS, MASSACHUSETTS, MARSHES, FUEL OIL, RESTORATION, SEDIMENTS, '~ARSH GRASS,
OIL SPILLS, MORTALITY, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIRDS, ACUTE EFFECTS, 'DUCKS,
OIL SPILLS, MORTALITY, MASSACHUSETTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BENTHOS,
OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIRDS,
BEACHES,
OIL SPILLS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SOURCES, PETROLEUM PROLUCTS, SLUDGE
OIL SPILLS, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL DISPOSAL,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHRO~IC EFFECTS, SPILL CLEANUP, SURFACTANTS,
OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, TOXICITY, SPILL CLEANUP, 'INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CANADA, RESIDUAL OILS
'ALEXANDRIA BAY SPILL, '
0008
0041
0121
0158
0159
0248
0258
0266
0270
0303
R020
R003
0275
0009
0014
0021
0024
0077
0222
0284
0289
0293
0294
0298
R017
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0011
0013
0018
0022
0025
0076
0087
0132
0162
0163
0165
0166
0172
0173
0184
0186
0209
0228
0230
0233
0235
0237
0241
170
-------
0243
0256
0261
0267
0271
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, .DRILLING MUD
COMPONENTS,
OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BALLAST, ALASKA, WASTEWATERS,
PIPELINES, .PORT VALDEZ,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, LEGISLATION; ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, .RISK
ANALYSIS,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, .RISK
ANALYSIS,
OIL SPILLS, DISPOSAL, BIODEGRADATION, SOIL, SLUDGE, .AERATION, .NUTRIENT ADDITION,
OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, MODELS, 'WIND DRIFT, 'GRAVITY CURRENT,
OIL SPILLS, MODELS, EVAPORATION, WEATHERING,
OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, MODELS, FATE, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, COST ANALYSIS, 'SLIKTRAK PROGRAM,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MODELS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, 'SPILL TRAJECTORY,
OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, COMPENSATION, SPILL CLEANUP, 'OIL
SPILL FUND,
OIL SPILLS, HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, BIRDS, PUGET SOUND,
OIL TANKS, CRUDE OIL, RESIDUAL OILS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL TANKS, CRUDE OIL, SLUDGE, PATENT, 'SLUDGE REMOVAL,
OIL TERMINAL, OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, NORTH SEA, CONTAMINATION, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, TANKERS, PLATFORMS,
OIL TERMINAL, NORTH SEA, EQUIPMENT, BALLAST, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
OIL TERMINAL, OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE ORGANISMS, GUIDELINES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BALLAST, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS,
OIL TRANSFER, LEAKAGE, SPILL CONTAINMENT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PORTS, 'CONTAINMENT
RING,
OIL TRANSFER, BALLAST, 'COMPUTER SIMULATION SYSTEM, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, PIPELINES, TANKERS, WATER
QUALITY, US, 'WEST COAST,
OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, US,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, TANKERS, STATISTICS, US,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SLICKS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCS, NEW YORK, MOVEMENT, SEA SURFACE,
OIL TRANSPORT, OIL INDUSTRY, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, SEAWATER,
SEDIMENT, 'TRANSPORT, STATE GOVERNMENTS, WASHINGTON,
OIL TRANSPORT, MOVEMENT, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE
STUDIES, REFINERIES, PUGET SOUND,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, INDUSTRIES, EQUIPMENT, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT, COALESCENCE, BILGES, POLLUTION CONTROL, PATENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, PRODUCTION, REFINERIES, 'OIL INTERCEPTORS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, INDUSTRIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
.TREATMENT PROCESSES,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, EQUIPMENT, BILGES, PATENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION, EMULSIONS, PATENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SLUDGE, RECLAMATION, REFINERIES, PATENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, BALLAST, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, GRAVITY SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, SURFACTANTS, SEAWATER,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL DISCHARGES, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, UK,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, LUBRICATING OIL, HYDROCARBONS, FUELS, EMULSIONS, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, 'AERATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPOSAL
, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, FLOTATION, FILTRATION, EQUIPMENT,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, ADSORPTION, PATENT, 'SYNTHETIC FIBERS,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, DISPERSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT, PATENT, 'ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT, EMU~SIONS, PATENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE,
PATENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COALESCENCE,
OIL WELLS, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DRILLING, TOXICITY, .SALMON, .DRILLING MUDS,
OIL WELLS, GROUNDWATER, DRILLING, CONTAMINATION, 'DRILLING FLUIDS, 'WELL COMPLETION,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ECONOMICS, REGULATIONS,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, US, SCOTLAND, .PLANNING,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, LEGISLATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
0272
0277
0283
0286
0290
0291
0306
R012
0115
0116
0051
0101
0154
0083
0084
0085
0086
0087
0294
R003
R015
0070
0091
0094
0099
0105
0111
0112
0129
0132
0133
0134
0135
0136
0137
0138
0139
0140
0141
0142
0143
0144
0145
0146
0247
0257
0252
0260
0267
171
-------
0269
0218
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, PORTS, -SUPERPORT,
OXIDATION, JAPAN, HYDROCARBONS, COASTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, -ENUMERATION
METHODS,
OXIDATION, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY, YEASTS, -PHOTOOXIDATION ,
OXIDATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ~OXICITY, -PHOTOOXIDATION ,
PAH, LAKES, ANALYTICAL ~ECHNIQUES, SEDIMENTS, RIVERS,
PAH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, BACTERIA, -MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION,
PAH, LAKES, FUEL OIL, TOXICITY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, -SALAMANDERS, -DIESEL OIL,
-ASPHALT,
PAH, MOLLUSKS, FISH, CARCINOGENS, BLACK SEA, UPTAKE,
PATENT, MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, -REMOTE OPERATION,
PATENT, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, EQUIPMENT, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, -ALARM
DEVICE,
PATENT, SPILL CONTAINMENT, YEASTS, -GELLING AGENT,
PATENT, ADSORPTION, SPILL CONTAINMENT, *COLLECTING AGENT,
PATENT, ADSORPTION, SPILL CLEANUP.
PATENT, ABSORPTION, SPILL CLEANUP, -PLANT FIBER MAT,
PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DISPERSANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, -RESIN,
PATENT, SPILL CLEANUP, *COLLEC~ING AGENT,
PATENT, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWA~ER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT, COALESCENCE, BILGES, POLLUTION CONTROL,
PATENT, INCINERATION, FUEL OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
PATENT, INCINERATION, FUEL OIL, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
PATENT, MONITORING, ANALYTICAL ~ECHNIQUES, WASTEWATER ~REATMENT, RESIDUAL OILS,
RECYCLING, *INFRARED ANALYZER,
PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION , EQUIPMEN~, BILGES,
PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION, EMULSIONS,
PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SLUDGE, RECLAMATION, REFINERIES,
PATENT, OIL TANKS, CRUDE OIL, SLUDGE, -SLUDGE REMOVAL,
PATENT, ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER ~REA~MENT,
PATENT, EQUIPMEN~, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ADSORP~ION, WASTEWA~ER ~REA~MENT,
PATENT, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *SULFURIC ACID PITCH,
PATENT, EMULSIONS, ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
PATENT, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREA~MEN~, SURFACTANTS,
PATENT, LUBRICATING OILS, ~ASTE OIL ~REATMEN~,
PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRA~ION , WAS~EWA~ER ~REATMENT,
PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARA~ION, EMULSIONS, ADSORPTION, *SYNTHE~IC FIBERS,
PATENT, OIL-WA~ER SEPARA~ION, FLOTA~ION, EMULSIONS, DISPERSIONS, WAS~EWATER TREATMEN~,
PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARA~ION, EQUIPMENT, -ELECTROSTA~IC SEPARA~ION,
PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, SPILL CLEANUP,
PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EQUIPMEN~, EMULSIONS,
PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
COALESCENCE,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, *EARLY WARNING TECHNIQUES,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, BEHAVIOR, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, POLLUTION CONTROL, TANKERS, SPILL
CLEANUP,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, EQUIPMENT, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS,
SPILL CLEANUP,
PETROCHEMICALS, OIL INDUSTRY, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
PETROCHEMICALS, FLOTATION, FLOCCULATION, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER ~REATMENT,
REFINERIES,
PETROLEUM PRODUC~S, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, EQUIPMENT, DETECTION, -OIL SENSOR,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, SEAWATER, *NAGASAKI BAY,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGRADATION, SAMPLING, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS,
-MUTAGENIC SUBSTANCES,
PETROLEUM PRODUC~S, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
PETROLEUM PRODUC~S, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, SOURCE IDENTIFICA~ION, SPECTROSCOPY,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
TOXICITY,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FUEL OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, RESIDUAL OILS,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, RESIDUAL OILS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
-INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOME~RY,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FLOTATION, WASTEWA~ER TREATMENT,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, LUBRICATING OIL, HYDROCARBONS, FUELS,
EMULSIONS, -AERATION,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, NOAA, FISH, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BLOWOUTS,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MORTALITY, CRUSTACEANS, CONTAMINATION, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, -HOMARUS
AMERICANUS,
PETROLEUM PRODUC~S, MOLLUSKS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, -BARNACLES,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUSTACEANS, WASTE OIL, TOXICITY, -LABORATORY
CULTURES,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, TOXICITY, -BALANUS,
0281
0288
0033
0034
0215
0221
0016
0018
0053
0054
0072
0073
0077
0078
0090
0091
0092
0095
0104
0105
0111
0112
0116
0118
0120
0125
0127
0128
0130
0137
0140
0141
0142
0143
0144
0145
0149
0156
0157
0041
0131
0013
0027
0030
0036
0038
0039
0049
0050
0106
0136
0163
0168
0116
0193
0201
172
-------
0218
0230
0232
0082
0085
0089
0261
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, .PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSE,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SOURCES, SLUDGE,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL DISCHARGES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BEHA VIOR, .REVIEW,
PIPELINES, ECONOMICS, ALASKA, .ACCIDENTS,
PIPELINES, OIL :RANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, TANKERS, WATER
QUALITY, US, .WEST COAST,
PIPELINES, DISPOSAL, BALLAS: , ALASKA COAST, .TREATED EFFLUENT,
PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMEN:AL EFFECTS, BALLAST, ALASKA,
WASTEWATERS, .POR: VALDEZ,
PIPELINES, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION,
CONSERVATION, ALASKA,
PLANKTON, OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, MARINE ORGANISMS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLAN:S,
PLANKTON, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION,
PLANKTON, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
PLANKTON, OIL SHALE, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALGAE, TAR,
PLANKTON, MODELS, FUEL OIL, FA:E, ECOSYSTEMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS,
PLANKTON, INTER:IDAL ZONE, DISTRIBU:ION, BASELINE STUDIES, .STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA,
PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SAMPLING, .SPECIES
REDUC:ION,
PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SAMPLING, .SPECIES
REDUCTION,
PLANTS, PLANKTON, OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, MARINE ORGANISMS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFEC:S,
PLANTS, DRILLING, TOXICEY, .GROW:H, .DRILLING FLUID COMPONEN:S,
PLAN:S, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMEN:, OCS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFEC:S, ARC:IC, ANIMALS,
PLATFORMS, OIL TERMINAL, OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE PRODUC:ION, NORTH SEA,
CONTAMINATION, SOURCE IDE~:IFICA:ION, :ANKERS,
PLA:FORMS, OFF3HORE PRODUCTIOIJ, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,DRILLING ,
SEDIMENTS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL,
PLATFORMS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, .DRILLING
DISCHARGES,
POLLUTION CONTROL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANALYTICAL :ECHNIQUES,
POLLUTION CONTROL, SPILL CLEANUP, .CHEMICAL AGENTS, .HAZARDOIJS CHEMICALS,
POLLUTION CONTROL, EI~GLAND, SPILL CLEANUP, .SURFACE FILM-FORMING CHEMICALS,
POLLUTION CON:ROL, PA:EN:, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EQUIPMEN:, COALESCENCE, BILGES,
POLLUTION CON:ROL, INDUS:RIES, COST ANALYSIS, WAS:EWATER TREATMEN:, SOLID WASTES,
POLLUTION CONTROL, NOAA, MONITORING, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, SPILL
CLEANUP, .RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL :ERMI~AL, OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE ORGANISMS, GUIDELINES,
BIOLOGICAL EFFEC:S, BALLAST, REGULATIONS,
POLLU:ION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, BEHAVIOR, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, SPILL
CLEANUP,
POLLU:ION CON:ROL, OIL INDUS:RY, SURVEILLANCE, .SURVEY,
POLLUTION CON:ROL, OIL SPILLS, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUS:RY, ECONOMICS, cas: ANALYSIS, API, REFINERIES,
.ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENDITURES,
POLLUTION CONTROL, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMEN:, NORWAY, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
POLLUTION CON:ROL, OIL SLICKS, OCEANS, DRIFT, .DRIFT VELOCI:Y, .WIND, .WAVES,
POLLUTION CON:ROL, OIL DISCHARGES, REGULATIONS, SPILL CLEANUP, USCG,
POLLU:ION CONTROL, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, LEGISLA:ION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMEN:S, .UN
CONFERENCE/LAW OF THE SEA,
POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
ECONOMICS, UN, .UNEP,
POLLUTION CONTROL, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, RESOURCE MANAGEMEN:, PUGET SOUND,
POLLU:ION PREVEN:ION, OIL II~DUSTRY, EKOFISK BLOWOU:, ARGO MERCHAN: SPILL, SANTA
BARBARA CHANNEL, TORREY CANYON, TANKERS,
POLLUTION PREVEN:ION, OIL-WATER SEPARA:ION, INDUSTRIES, EQUIPMENT, SPILL CLEANUP,
POLLUTION PREVEilTION, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANIJP, SKIMMERS,
POLLUTION PREVEN:ION, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, SPILL CLEANUP, SOURCES, STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SPILL CLEANUP, US,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, LEAKAGE, .SPILL CONTAINMENT, PORTS, .CONTAINMENT
RING,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
POLLUTION PREVENTION.
POLLUTION PREVENTION,
POLLUTION PREVEN:ION,
POLLUTION PREVENTION.
SPILL CLEANUP,
0266
0189
0191
0192
0275
R018
ROll
0172
0173
0189
0245
0273
0051
0244
0268
0037
0064
0069
0091
0109
0153
0154
0156
0159
0162
0248
0254
0284
0304
0307
0308
0311
R020
0008
0070
0076
0079
0080
0083
0084
0098
0113
0115
0155
0157
OIL TRANSFER BALLAST .COMPUTER SIMULATION SYSTEM, TANKERS,
EQUIPMENT, E~VIRONMENTiL PROTECTION, REFINERIES,
OFFSHORE rRILLING, DISPOSAL, WASTEWATERS, .OILY DRILL CUTTINGS,
OIL :ANKS, CRUDE OIL, RESIDUAL OILS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, TANKERS.
COASTS, .SYMPOSIUM,
PERSONNEL TRAINING, EQUIPMENT, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS,
173
-------
0252
0304
0305
0213
0217
0012
0022
0023
0024
POLLUTIO~ PREVENTION, LEGISLATION, FISHERIES, CANADA, .FISHING LIMIT, SURVEILLANCE,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, MODELS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, PUGET SOUND,
PORTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, LEAKAGE, SPILL CONTAINMENT, .CONTAINMENT
RING,
PORTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, .SUPERPORT,
PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, REGULATIONS, USCG, -DEEPWATER PORT ACT,
PRODUCTION, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
PRODUCTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, REFINERIES, .OIL INTERCEPTORS,
PRODUCTION, EX,RACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TAR SANDS,
PUGET SOUND, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
PUGET SOUND, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, SAMPLING,
PUGET SOUND, OIL SPILLS, HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, BIRDS,
PUGET SOUND, FOOD WEB, DISTRIBUTION, CRUDE OIL, BENTHOS, ADSORPTION, .SUSPENDED
PARTICLES,
PUGET SOUND, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, COASTS, .HARBOR SEAL,
PUGET SOUND, POLLUTION PREVENTION, MODELS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
PUGET SOUND, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, DRIFT, .AERIAL DROGUE STUDY, .PREDICTION,
PUGET SOUND, OIL TRANSPORT, t10VEMENT, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BASELINE STUDIES, REFINERIES,
PUGET SOUND, MOLLUSKS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BASELINE STUDIES, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS,
PUGET SOUND, CRUDE OIL, BASELINE STUDIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
RECLAMATION, MONITORING, EQUIPMENT, DETECTION, SAMPLING,
RECLAMATION, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SLUDGE, REFINERIES,
RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL,
RECYCLING, PATENT, MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RESIDUAL
OILS, .INFRARED ANALYZER,
RECYCLING, MODELS, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, WASTE OIL,
REFINERIES, ECONOMICS, COST ANALYSIS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WATER QUALITY,
REFINERIES, PATENT, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, CONTAMINATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SURFACTANTS, USSR, .DEMULSIFIER,
REFINERIES, PRODUCTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, .OIL INTERCEPTORS,
REFINERIES, INCINERATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, USSR, .WATER PURIFICATION,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *GRANULAR CARBON, .POWDERED CARBON,
REFINERIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, EQUIPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ULTRAFILTRATION, .MEMBRANE TECHNIQUES,
REFINERIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, .HEAVY METALS,
REFINERIES, FLOTATION, FLOCCULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, .COAGULATION,
REFINERIES, RECLAMATION, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SLUDGE,
REFINERIES, METABOLISM, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TOXICITY, .HOLDING POND,
REFINERIES, DETECTION, ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, .ACTIVATED CARBON,
REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, BALLAST, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, FLOTATION, FLOCCULATION, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, FLOTATION, FILTRATION,
EQUIPMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, ECONOMICS, COST ANALYSIS, API,
.ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENDITURES,
REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, VIRGINIA, .OYSTER BEDS,
REFINERIES, BIODEGRADATION, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, SOIL, .SOIL CULTIVATION PROCESS, .LEAD,
REFINERIES, PUGET SOUND, OIL TRANSPORT, MOVEMENT, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
REFINERIES, PUGET SOUND, CRUDE OIL, BASELINE STUDIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
REGULATIONS, OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OCS, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
REGULATIONS, OIL FIELDS, DRILLING, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, STATE GOVERNMENTS, TEXAS,
REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL TERMINAL, OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
GUIDELINES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BALLAST,
REGULATIONS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, US
GOVERNMENT, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
REGULATIONS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, ECONOMICS,
REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL DISCHARGES, SPILL CLEANUP, USCG,
REGULATIONS, PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, USCG, .DEEPWATER PORT ACT,
RELEASE, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, TOXICITY, SUBLETHAL
EFFECTS, UPTAKE,
RELEASE, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS,
.BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES,
REMOTE SENSING, MONITORING, LAKES, DETECTION, COASTS, BAYS, RIVERS, USCG, .CONTINUOUS
WAVE LASER,
REMOTE SENSING,
REMOTE SENSING,
REMOTE SENSING,
0309
R019
0083
026Q
0305
0045
0094
0259
R020
R016
R012
R006
R008
R019
R017
R015
R001
R004
0020
0112
0148
0104
0147
0088
0090
0093
0094
0096
0097
00Q8
0102
0103
0108
0112
0122
0126
0129
0131
0138
0139
0248
0251
0280
R015
R004
0119
0123
0154
0250
OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS,
NATURAL SEEPAGE, CALIFORNIA, USCG, .RADAR SYSTEMS,
OIL SLICKS, SEAWATER, .LIDAR ENERGETICS,
174
-------
0026
0030
0025
0164
0214
0049
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, EPA, SPILL CLEANUP, 'REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS,
REPRODUCTION, MORTALITY, MASSACHUSETTS, MARSHES, FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS,
REPRODUCTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MOLLUSKS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, 'SIZE,
RESIDUAL OILS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FUEL OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION,
RESIDUAL OILS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
'INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY,
RESIDUAL OILS, RECYCLING, PATENT, MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, .INFRARED ANALYZER,
RESIDUAL OILS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TANKS, CRUDE OIL, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, TANKERS,
RESIDUAL OILS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CANADA,
'ALEXANDRIA BAY SPILL,
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, PUGET SOUND, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
RESTORATION, MICROORGANISMS, DECOMPOSITION, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, SOIL, .NIGERIA,
RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, MASSACHUSETTS, MARSHES, FUEL OIL, SEDIMENTS, .MARSH GRASS,
RESTORATION, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE, SEDIMENTATION, .CORINTHOS OIL
SPILL,
RIVERS, REMOTE SENSING, MONITORING, LAKES, DETECTION, COASTS, BAYS, USCG, 'CONTINUOUS
WAVE LASER,
RIVERS, PAH, LAKES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SEDIMENTS,
SAFETY, OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, MEXICO/GULF OF, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ATLANTIC COAST, STATISTICS,
SAMPLING, MONITORING, LAW ENFORCEMENT, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, DETECTION, ARGO MERCHANT
SPILL,
SAMPLING, PATENT, MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, .REMOTE OPERATION,
SAMPLING, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, LEGISLATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATERS,
UK,
SAMPLING, RECLAMATION, MONITORING, EQUIPMENT, DETECTION,
SAMPLING, MASSACHUSETTS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS,
.BUZZARDS BAY,
SAMPLING, MOVEMENT, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, FATE, BEHAVIOR, SEA SURFACE,
SAMPLING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEAWATER, .NAGASAKI BAY,
SAMPLING, FUEL OIL, DETECTION, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WSF, .METHOD COMPARISON,
SAMPLING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGRADATION, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS,
.MUTAGENIC SUBSTANCES,
SAMPLING, PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, .SPECIES
REDUCTION,
SAMPLING, PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, FRESHWATER, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, .SPECIES
REDUCTION,
SAMPLING, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, .WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC
INSTITUTION,
SAMPLING, PUGET SOUND, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION,
SAMPLING, PUGET SOUND, MOLLUSKS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BASELINE STUDIES, SEDIMENTS,
SAMPLING, MICROORGANISMS, CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATERS, .PRESERVATION,
SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL INDUSTRY, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, ARGO
MERCHANT SPILL, TORREY CANYON, TANKERS,
SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, EQUIPMENT, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL RECOVERY, .SUBMERGED CANOPIES,
SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, PLATFORMS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS,DRILLING , SEDIMENTS,
SCOTLAND, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, US, .PLANNING,
SEA SURFACE, SAMPLING, MOVEMENT, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, FATE, BEHAVIOR,
SEA SURFACE, OIL SLICKS, *RADIOLOCATION SIGNALS, .
SEA SURFACE, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SLICKS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCS, NEW YORK, MOVEMENT,
SEAWATER, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, .LIDAR ENERGETICS,
SEAWATER, SAMPLING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, .NAGASAKI BAY,
SEAWATER, SAMPLING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGRADATION, SEDIMENTS,
'MUTAGENIC SUBSTANCES,
SEAWATER, FRESHWATER, EXTRACTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SURFACTANTS, WASTEWATERS,
SEAWATER, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, SURFACTANTS,
SEAWATER, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, .NUTRIENTS, .RESPIROMETRIC METHOD,
SEAWATER, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, USSR, .N-ALKANES,
SEAWATER, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTION,
SEDIMENTS,
SEAWATER, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, SEDIMENTS, WEATHERING, .PHOTOOXIDATION ,
SEAWATER, FILTRATION, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, TAR,
SEAWATER, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL INDUSTRY, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS,
SEDIMENT, *TRANSPORT, STATE GOVERNMENTS, WASHINGTON,
SEDIMENTATION, MOVEMENT, MASSACHUSETTS, INDUSTRIES, HARBORS, .NEW BEDFORD HARBOR,
SEDIMENTATION, RESTORATION, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE, .CORINTHOS OIL
SPILL,
SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, MASSACHUSETTS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
.BUZZARDS BAY,
SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, SAMPLING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CH~SAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGRADATION,
'MUTAGENIC SUBSTANCES,
0050
0104
0115
0241
R020
R005
0081
0184
0292
0012
0033
0161
0001
0016
0019
0020
0026
0028
0027
0029
0030
0172
0173
0234
R016
R001
R002
0008
0074
0244
0260
0028
0222
0294
0024
0027
0030
0032
0134
0276
0281
0295
0297
0302
R003
0285
~~
175
-------
SEDIMENTS, RIVERS, PAH, LAKES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
SEDIMENTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, ALASKA, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, .PRUDHOE BAY,
SEDIMENTS, MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, .CARBON FLUX, .MYA ARENARIA,
SEDIMENTS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, MASSACHUSETTS, MARSHES, FUEL OIL, .MARSH GRASS,
SEDIMENTS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
ALASKA, .PORT VALDEZ,
SEDIMENTS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, CANADA, .N FIXATION,
SEDIMENTS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, PLATFORMS, OFF~HORE PRODUCTION, MARINE ORGANISMS,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,DRILLING ,
SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
DISTRIBUTION,
SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, WEATHERING, .PHOTOOXIDATION ,
SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, PUGET SOUND, MOLLUSKS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BASELINE STUDIES,
SHIPS, EQUIPMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT,
SKIMMERS, EQUIPMENT, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL RECOVERY,
SKIMMERS, SPILL RECOVERY, .PRODUCT INFORMATION,
SKIMMERS, BOOMS, SPILL RECOVERY,
SKIMMERS, SPILL RECOVERY, ."MINISKIMMER",
SKiMMERS, EQUIPMENT, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP,
SKIMMERS, EQUIPMENT, SPILL RECOVERY,
SKIMMERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP,
SLUDGE, REFINERIES, INCINERATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, USSR, .WATER PURIFICATION,
SLUDGE, REFINERIES, RECLAMATION, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
SLUDGE, PATENT, OIL TANKS, CRUDE OIL, .SLUDGE REMOVAL,
SLUDGE, DRILLING, DISPOSAL, COST ANALYSIS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
SLUDGE, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SOURCES,
SLUDGE, OIL SPILLS, DISPOSAL, BIODEGRADATION, SOIL, .AERATION, .NUTRIENT ADDITION,
SOIL, RESTORATION, MICROORGANISMS, DECOMPOSITION, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, .NIGERIA,
SOIL, SLUDGE, OIL SPILLS, DISPOSAL, BIODEGRADATION, .AERATION, .NUTRIENT ADDITION,
SOIL, REFINERIES, BIODEGRADATION, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, .SOIL CULTIVATION PROCESS, .LEAD,
SOLID WASTES, POLLUTION CONTROL, INDUSTRIES, COST ANALYSIS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
SOLID WASTES, DRILLING, DISPOSAL, .OIL BASE DRILLING MUDS, .DRILL CUTTINGS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SLICKS, CANADA,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, SPECTROSCOPY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PRODUCTION, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, WEATHERING, SPECTROSCOPY, .COMPUTER ANALYSIS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, .TRACE ELEMENTS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, SPECTROSCOPY, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHERING,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, RESIDUAL OILS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FUEL OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, RESIDUAL OILS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
.INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PLATFORMS, OIL TERMINAL, OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
NORTH SEA, CONTAMINATION, TANKERS,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SEDIMENTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
BENTHOS, ALASKA, .PRUDHOE BAY,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL
RECOVERY, USCG,
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, MORTALITY, ENGLAND, BIRDS,
SOURCES, OIL SPILLS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, .SPILL DIRECTORY,
SOURCES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, SPILL CLEANUP, STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS,
SOURCES, SLUDGE, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
SOURCES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROSCOPY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL,
SPECTROSCOPY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, WEATHERING, .COMPUTER ANALYSIS,
SPECTROSCOPY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHERING,
SPILL CLEANUP, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, SPILL CONTAINMENT,
SPILL CLEANUP, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, EPA, .REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS,
SPILL CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY,
SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, EQUIPMENT, SPILL RECOVERY,
SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, EQUIPMENT, BUOMS,
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, .CHEMICAL AGENTS, .HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS,
SPILL CLEANUP, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, ADSORPTION, SPILL DISPOSAL,
SPILL CLEANUP. OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MODELS, MASSACHUSETTS, GEORGES BANK, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING,
SPILL CLEANUP,
SPILL CLEANUP,
SPILL CLEANUP.
SPILL CLEANUP,
SPILL CLEANUP,
0033
0052
0181
0184
0204
0225
0244
0295
0297
ROOl
0058
0057
0059
0060
0061
0062
0063
0076
0096
0112
0116
0124
0230
0277
0081
0277
0280
0109
0114
0009
0036
0038
0045
0046
0047
0048
0049
0050
0051
0052
0160
0165
0007
0079
0230
0263
0038
0046
0048
0010
0025
0055
0057
0062
0064
0066
0067
0068
0069
0070
0071
0072
ABSORPTION, .SORBENT BROADCASTER,
POLLUTION CONTROL, ENGLAND, .SURFACE FILM-FORMING CHEMICALS,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER S2PARATION, INDUSTRIES, EQUIPMENT,
ABSORPTION, .KAPOK FIBER,
PATENT, ADSORPTION,
176
-------
0073
0074
0075
0076
0077
0078
0079
0080
0143
0150
PATENT, ABSORPTION, .PLANT FIBER MAT,
SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, EQUIPMENT, SPILL RECOVERY, .SUBMERGED CANOPIES,
ICE, CANADA, BEAUFORT SEA, SPILL RECOVERY, .POLAR PACK ICE,
SKIMMERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, BOOMS,
PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DISPERSANTS, .RESIN,
PATENT, .COLLECTING AGENT,
SOURCES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, STATISTICAL
SPILL CLEANUP,
SPILL CLEANUP,
SPILL CLEANUP.
SPILL CLEANUP,
SPILL CLEANUP,
SPILL CLEANUP,
SPILL CLEANUP,
ANALYSIS,
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, US,
SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION,
SPILL CLEANUP, NORWAY, NORTH SEA, EQUIPMENT, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
SPILL CLEANUP, HABITAT, FISH, BIRDS,
SPILL CLEANUP, EPA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, SPILL CONTAINMENT,
.RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, NOAA, MONITORING, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BEHAVIOR, .RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, BEHAVIOR, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
TANKERS,
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PERSONNEL TRAINING, EQUIPMENT, ARGO MERCHANT
SPILL, TANKERS,
SPILL CLEANUP, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, SPILL
RECOVERY, USCG,
SPILL CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, SPILL DISPOSAL,
SPILL CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, SURFACTANTS,
SPILL CLEANUP. OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, TOXICITY, -INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS,
SPILL CLEANUP, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL DISCHARGES, USCG,
SPILL CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, COMPENSATION, -OIL
SPILL FUND,
SPILL CONTAINMENT,
SPILL CONTAINMENT,
SPILL CONTAINMENT,
SPILL CONTAINMENT,
SPILL CONTAINMENT,
SPILL CONTAINMENT,
RING,
SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL CLEANUP, EPA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
.RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
SPILL DISPOSAL, SPILL CLEANUP,
SPILL DISPOSAL, SPILL CLEANUP,
SPILL RECOVERY, SPILL CLEANUP,
SPILL RECOVERY, ADSORPTION,
SPILL RECOVERY, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, EQUIPMENT,
SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, -PRODUCT INFORMATION,
SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, BOOMS,
SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, -"MINISKIMMER",
SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, EQUIPMENT,
SPILL RECOVERY, SPILL CLEANUP, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, EQUIPMENT, .SUBMERGED CANOPIES,
SPILL RECOVERY, SPILL CLEANUP, ICE, CANADA, BEAUFORT SEA, .POLAR PACK ICE,
SPILL RECOVERY, SPILL CLEANUP. SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ARGO
MERCHANT SPILL, USCG,
SPREADING, DISPERSIONS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS, TOXICITY,
SPREADING, OCEANS, MODELS, CONTAMINANTS,
ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, CANADA, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
STATE GOVERNMENTS, REGULATIONS, OIL FIELDS, DRILLING, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, TEXAS,
STATE GOVERNMENTS, REGULATIONS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, US GOVERNMENT,
STATE GOVERNMENTS, SEAWATER, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL INDUSTRY, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, SEDIMENT, -TRANSPORT, WASHINGTON,
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, US, -BARGES,
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROSCOPY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, WEATHERING,
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, RESIDUAL OILS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
.INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY,
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SPILL CLEANUP, SOURCES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, DISPERSIONS,
BIODEGRADATION,
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MODELS, .SPILL TRAJECTORY,
STATISTICS, OIL SPILLS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS,
STATISTICS, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA. BIRDS, UK,
STATISTICS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, TANKERS, US,
STATISTICS, SAFETY, OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, MEXICO/GULF OF.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ATLANTIC COAST,
STORAGE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MEXICO/GULF OF, FISHERIES, FEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
.SHRIMP, .SALT DOMES,
SUBARCTIC REGIONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ARCTIC, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, .BIOASSAYS,
SUBARCTIC REGIONS, ijYDBOCARBOM$ , FISH, ARCTIC, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS,
0151
0152
0153
0156
0157
0160
0233
0235
0237
0304
0306
0010
0053
0054
0058
0065
0083
0152
SPILL CLEANUP, EKOFISK BLOWOUT, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
PATENT, YEASTS, .GELLING AGENT,
PATENT, ADSORPTION, -COLLECTING AGENT,
SHIPS, EQUIPMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS,
MODELS, EQUIPMENT, .STREAMING-FIBER SYSTEM,
PORTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, LEAKAGE, .CONTAINMENT
0066
0233
0055
0056
0057
0059
0060
0061
0063
0074
0075
0160
DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, ADSORPTION,
OIL SPILLS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
0226
0282
0206
0123
0250
R003
0011
0048
0050
0079
0291
0004
0006
0087
0161
0249
0175
0205
177
-------
0240
0256
0167
SUBARCTIC REGIONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, HABITAT, ECOSYSTEMS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, ARCTIC,
SUBARCTIC REGIONS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC,
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, MORTALITY, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FISH, CRUDE OIL, WSF. .HATCHING
SUCCESS,
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MORTALITY, CRUSTACEANS, CONTAMINATION, .HOMARUS
AMERICANUS,
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, .CRANGON CRANGON,
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CRUDE OIL, .COHO SALMON,
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, INVERTEBRATES, HYDROCARBONS, BEHAVIOR, BACTERIA, ALGAE,
.CHEMORECEPTION,
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, ARCTIC,
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, RELEASE, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
TOXICITY, UPTAKE,
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, RELEASE, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE,
.BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES,
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, GUIDELINES, FUEL OIL, BIRDS, TOXICITY,
SURFACTANTS, SEAWATER, FRESHWATER, EXTRACTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATERS,
SURFACTANTS, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
SURFACTANTS, REFINERIES, CONTAMINATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, USSR, .DEMULSIFIER,
SURFACTANTS, PATENT, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATME~T,
SURFACTANTS, SEAWATER, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS,
SURFACTANTS, DISTRIBUTION, CRUSTACEANS, TOXICITY, UK, .CLIBANARIUS ERYTHROPUS,
SURFACTANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
SURVEILLANCE, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, DETECTION, .OIL-ON-WATER,
SURVEILLANCE, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, .SURVEY,
SURVEILLANCE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGIS4ATION, FISHERIES, CANADA, .FISHING LIMIT,
TANKERS, STATISTICS, OIL SPILLS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
TANKERS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, POLLUTION PREVtNTION, OIL INDUSTRY, EKOFISK BLOWOUT,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TORREY CANYON,
TANKERS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, US, .BARGES,
TANKERS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PLATFORMS, OIL TERMINAL, OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE
PRODUCTION, NORTH SEA, CONTAMINATION,
TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, BALLAST, .COMPUTER SIMULATION SYSTEM,
TANKERS, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, WATER
QUALITY, US, .WEST COAST,
TANKERS, STATISTICS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, US,
TANKERS, RESIDUAL OILS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TANKS, CRUDE OIL, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL,
TANKERS, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, BEHAVIOR, ARGO MERCHANT
SPILL,
TANKERS, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PERSONNEL TRAINING, EQUIPMENT, ARGO
MERCHANT SPILL,
TAR, BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL, 'RADIAL CLARIFIERS,
TAR, PLANKTON, OIL SHALE, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALGAE,
TAR, SEAWATER, FILTRATION, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
TAR SANDS, PRODUCTION, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
TEXAS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, REGULATIONS, OIL FIELDS, DRILLING, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL,
TORREY CANYON, TANKERS, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, POLLUTION PREVE~TION, OIL INDUSTRY,
EKOFISK BLOWOUT, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES,
TOXICITY, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, DRILLING, DISPOSAL, WASTEWATERS, .DRILLING
FLUIDS,
TOXICITY, REFINERIES, METABOLISM, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, .HOLDING POND,
TOXICITY, GASOLINE, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, .AEDES AEGYPTI,
TOXICITY, .DEEMULSIFIERS , .FLY LARVAE, .CHIRONOMUS DORSALIS,
TOXICITY, SUBARCTIC REGIONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ARCTIC, ACUTE EFFECTS, .BIOASSAYS,
TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MOLLUSKS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, .BARNACLES,
TOXICITY, SEDIMENTS, MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, .CARBON FLUX, .MYA ARENARIA,
TOXICITY, FISH, DEVELOPMENT, .STARRED STURGEON, -DEEMULSIFIERS , .GROWTH,
TOXICITY, LUBRICATING OIL, FUELS, DISPERSANTS, ZOOPLANKTON,
TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUSTACEANS, WASTE OIL, -LABORATORY
CULTURES,
TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, RESPIRATION, -MYTILUS EDULIS,
TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FISH, DISPERSANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, UPTAKE
.OIL-DISPERSANT MIXTURE, '
TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, .BALANUS,
TOXICITY, MARSHES, FUEL OIL, FISH, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS -BIOCHEMICAL
CHANGES, '
TOXICITY, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, .NAPHTHALENE, -LARVAE,
TOXICITY, FUELS, ALGAE, .HYDRAZINES, -LUBRICANT ADDITIVES, .JET ENGINE FUELS,
TOXICITY, METABOLISM, FISH, -DEEMULSIFIERS , -CARP ORGANS, .MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES,
TOXICITY, SURFACTANTS, DISTRIBUTION, CRUSTACEANS, UK, -CLIBANARIUS ERYTHROPUS,
TOXICITY, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, RELEASE, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHRONIC
EFFECTS, UPTAKE,
0168
0179
0182
0188
0195
0205
0213
0217
R014
0032
0040
0093
0128
0134
0212
0235
0021
0159
0309
0004
0008
0011
0051
0084
0085
0087
0115
0156
0157
0117
0275
0302
0259
0123
0008
0039
0121
0122
0170
0171
0175
0176
0181
0183
0190
0193
0196
0197
0201
0207
0208
0210
0211
0212
0213
178
-------
0215
0219
0226
0227
0237
0245
0246
0247
0255
0287
0288
R014
R009
R010
0006
0019
TOXICITY, PAH, LAKES, FUEL OIL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'SALAMANDERS, 'DIESEL OIL,
'ASPHALT,
TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, FISH, 'ARIUS FELIS,
TOXICITY, SPREADING, DISPERSIONS, CHEMICAL EFFECTS,
TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 'ALKANES, 'CYCLOALKANES, 'AROMATICS,
TOXICITY, SPILL CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, BIODEGRADATION, 'INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS,
TOXICITY, PLANTS, DRILLING, 'GROWTH, 'DRILLING FLUID COMPONENTS,
TOXICITY, MORTALITY, FISH, DRILLING, ARCTIC, 'SALMO GAIRDNERI, 'DRILLING MUDS,
TOXICITY, OIL WELLS, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DRILLING, 'SALMON, 'DRILLING MUDS,
TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, DRILLING, 'SHRIMP, 'DRILLING FLUID ADDITIVES,
TOXICITY, OXIDATION, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, YEASTS, 'PHOTOOXIDATION ,
TOXICITY, OXIDATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 'PHOTOOXIDATION ,
TOXICITY, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, GUIDELINES, FUEL OIL, BIRDS,
TOXICITY, FUELS, FISH, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, WSF,
TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, HEALTH HAZARDS, FISH, BIRDS, 'ALTERED MEMBRANE,
UK, STATISTICS, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, BIRDS,
UK, SAMPLING, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, LEGISLATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
WASTEWATERS,
UK, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL DISCHARGES, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
UK, MORTALITY, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, 'SEABIRDS,
UK, TOXICITY, SURFACTANTS, DISTRIBUTION, CRUSTACEANS, 'CLIBANARIUS ERYTHROPUS,
ULTRAFILTRATION, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'MEMBRANE TECHNIQUES,
UN, POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
ECONOMICS, 'UNEP,
UPTAKE, TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FISH, DISPERSANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
'OIL-DISPERSANT MIXTURE,
UPTAKE, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, 'ADHESION,
UPTAKE, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, 'GROWTH KINETICS,
UPTAKE, TOXICITY, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, RELEASE, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHRONIC
EFFECTS,
UPTAKE, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, RELEASE, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS,
'BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES,
UPTAKE, PAH, MOLLUSKS, FISH, CARCINOGENS, BLACK SEA,
US, TANKERS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, 'BARGES,
US, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
US, TANKERS, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, WATER
QUALITY, 'WEST COAST,
US, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA,
US, TANKERS, STATISTICS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE,
US, SCOTLAND, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, 'PLANNING,
US, OIL INDUSTRY, LEGISLATION, CALIFORNIA, 'COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT,
US, LEGISLATION, INDUSTRIES, GUIDELINES, EPA, WATER QUALITY, 'EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS,
USCG, RIVERS, REMOTE SENSING, MONITORING, LAKES, DETECTION, COASTS, BAYS, 'CONTINUOUS
WAVE LASER,
USCG, REMOTE SENSING, NATURAL SEEPAGE, CALIFORNIA, 'RADAR SYSTEMS,
USCG, SPILL RECOVERY, SPILL CLEANUP, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ARGO
MERCHANT SPILL,
USCG, SPILL CLEANUP, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL DISCHARGES,
USCG, REGULATIONS, PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, 'DEEPWATER PORT ACT,
US GOVERNMENT, STATE GOVERNMENTS, REGULATIONS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
USSR, SURFACTANTS, REFINERIES, CONTAMINATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'DEMULSIFIER,
USSR, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, INCINERATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'WATER PURIFICATION,
USSR, SEAWATER, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, 'N-ALKANES,
VIRGINIA, REFINERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, 'OYSTER BEDS,
WASHINGTON, STATE GOVERNMENTS, SEAWATER, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL INDUSTRY, HYDROCARBONS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, SEDIMENT, 'TRANSPORT,
WASTE OIL, TAR, BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'RADIAL CLARIFIERS,
WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, MODELS, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL,
WASTE OIL, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUSTACEANS, 'LABORATORY
CULTURES,
WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, TANKERS, RESIDUAL OILS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TANKS, CRUDE OIL,
WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, TEXAS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, REGULATIONS, OIL FIELDS, DRILLING.
WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, SOIL, REFINERIES, BIODEGRADATION, 'SOIL CULTIVATION PROCESS, 'LEAD,
WASTE OIL TREATMENT, PATENT, INCINERATION, FUEL OIL,
WASTE OIL TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, INDUSTRIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
'TREATMENT PROCESSES,
WASTE OIL TREATMENT, PATENT, LUBRICATING OILS, ,
WASTEWATERS, UK, SAMPLING, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, LEGISLATION, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES,
WASTEWATERS, SURFACTANTS, SEAWATER, FRESHWATER, EXTRACTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 'HEAVY METALS,
WASTEWATERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE DRILLING, DISPOSAL, 'OILY DRILL CUTTINGS,
0135
0174
0212
0102
0308
0197
0199
0200
0213
0217
0221
0011
0080
0085
0086
0087
0260
0303
0310
0012
0023
0160
0304
0305
0250
0093
0096
0281
0251
R003
0117
0147
0148
0193
0115
0123
0280
0092
0099
0130
0019
0032
0103
0113
179
-------
0121
WASTEWATERS, TOXICITY, OIL INDUSTRY, GUIDELINES, DRILLING, DISPOSAL, .DRILLING
FLUIDS
WASTEWATERS, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BALLAST,
ALASKA, .PORT VALDEZ,
WASTEWATERS, SAMPLING, MICROORGANISMS, CONTAMINANTS, .PRESERVATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, ECONOMICS, COST ANALYSIS, WATER QUALITY,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PATENT, ACTIVATED SLUDGE,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, USSR, SURFACTANTS, REFINERIES, CONTAMINATION, .DEMULSIFIER,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, INCINERATION, FUEL OIL, EMULSIONS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, USSR, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, INCINERATION, .WATER PURIFICATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, .GRANULAR CARBON, .POWDERED CARBON,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, INDUSTRIES,
.TREATMENT PROCESSES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL TERMINAL, NORTH SEA, EQUIPMENT, BALLAST,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ULTRAFILTRATION, REFINERIES, .MEMBRANE TECHNIQUES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RESIDUAL OILS, RECYCLING, PATENT, MONITORING, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, .INFRARED ANALYZER,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FLOTATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DRILLING, DISPOSAL, .MUD SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, FLOTATION, FLOCCULATION, .COAGULATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SOLID WASTES, POLLUTION CONTROL, INDUSTRIES, COST ANALYSIS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INCINERATION, FUEL OIL, ADSORPTION, .ACTIVATED CARBON, .OTTO
FUEL,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
SLUDGE,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, EQUIPMENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, UK, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL DISCHARGES, NORTH SEA,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GRAVITY SEPARATION, FLOTATION,
FILTRATION, EQUIPMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, DISPERSIONS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TOXICITY, PAH, LAKES, FUEL OIL, .SALAMANDERS, .DIESEL OIL,
.ASPHALT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PUGET SOUND, CRUDE OIL, BASELINE STUDIES,
WATER QUALITY, US, TANKERS, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE
OIL, ALASKA, .WEST COAST,
WATER QUALITY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, ECONOMICS, COST ANALYSIS,
WATER QUALITY, IJS, LEGISLATION, INDIJSTRIES, GUIDELINES, EPA, .EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS,
WEATHERING, SPECTROSCOPY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, .COMPIJTER ANALYSIS,
WEATHERING, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROSCOPY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL,
WEATHERING, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, EVAPORATION,
WEATHERING, OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, .POLLUTANT TRANSFER,
WEATHERING, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, .PHOTOOXIDATION ,
WSF, SAMPLING, FIJEL OIL, DETECTION, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, .METHOD COMPARISON,
WSF, GASOLINE, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
WSF, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS, MORTALITY, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FISH, CRUDE OIL, .HATCHING
SUCCESS,
WSF, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, .EMBRYO
DEVELOPMENT, .FUNDIJLIJS GRANDIS,
WSF, TOXICITY, FIJELS , FISH, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS,
YEASTS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, PATENT, .GELLING AGENT,
YEASTS, TOXICITY, OXIDATION, FIJEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, .PHOTOOXIDATION ,
ZOOPLANKTON, TOXICITY, LUBRICATING OIL, FUELS, DISPERSANTS,
0261
R002
0088
OOqO
0093
0095
0096
0097
0099
0101
0102
0104
0106
0107
0108
0109
0110
0117
0118
011 q
WASTE OIL, TAR, BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, .RADIAL CLARIFIERS,
PATENT, ADSORPTION,
REGIJLATIONS, OIL DISCHARGES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OCS, NORTH
PROTECTION,
PATENT, EQUIPMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ADSORPTION,
TOXICITY, REFINERIES, METABOLISM, .HOLDING POND,
SLIJDGE , DRILLING, DISPOSAL, COST ANALYSIS,
PATENT, EMULSIONS, .SULFURIC ACID PITCH,
REFINERIES, DETECTION, ABSORPTION, .ACTIVATED CARBON,
PATENT, EMULSIONS, ADSORPTION,
SIJRFACTANTS, PATENT, EMULSIONS,
REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, BALLAST,
REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, FLOTATION, FLOCCULATION, ACTIVATED
0120
0122
0124
0125
0126
0127
0128
0129
0131
0133
0135
0137
0138
0139
0141
0215
R004
0085
0088
0310
0046
0048
0286
0296
0297
0029
0031
0167
0178
ROOq
0053
0287
0190
180
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
ABE, K.
ADAMS, A.D.
ADAMS, E.E.
AHMADJIAN, M.
ALEXANDER, G.A.
AHAGI, S.
AMAGI, S.
ANDERSON, J.W.
ANDERSON, J.W.
ANGELIDOU, C.
APPLEMAN, R.
ARSHANITSA, N.M.
ATEMA, J.
ATEMA, J.
AYERS, R.R.
BAKER, E.
BALASKOV, A.N.
BALLANTYNE, W.E.
BARINOVA, S.P.
BASILE, B.
BASS, D.
BAUER, W.H.
BAUGHCOM, E.J.
BAYLOR, LR.
BEACH. R.L.
BEERS, J. R.
BEERS, J. R .
BENDER
BERRY, W.O.
BERRY, W.O.
BISHOP, K.L
BISSELL, W.K.
BISWANGER, K.
BLANKENSHIP. D.W.
BLANKENSHIP, D.W.
BLM
BLOOD, D.A.
BOCKRIS, J. O'M.
BOGOGOSYAN, A.T.
BOL'SHAKOV, A.N.
BORGESE, L M.
BOROVKOV, V.V.
BOUGH, C.L.
BOURNE, W.R.P.
BOURNE, W.R.P.
BOURNE, W.R.P.
BOURGET, A.
BRADLEY, T.
BRAMMER, J.D.
BRIGGS, S.R.
BROMPTON, P.A.
BROOKS, J.M.
BROOKS, J. M .
BROWN, C.W.
BROWN, C.W.
BROWN, R.D.
BRUCE, H. L
BUFFLEBEN, G.J.
BUGAEVA, L.N.
BUGGE, H.C.
BULATNIKOV, V.V.
BULLOFF, J.J.
BURK, C.J.
BURK, C.J.
BURRELL, D.C.
CALABRESE, A.
CARD, J.C.
CHANG, E.S.
CHAPPELL, T.J.
CHATER, K.W.A.
CHEATHAM, D.L.
0053
0091
0298
0046
0244
0121
0128
0161
0118
0134
0210
0202
0168
0169
0063
R006
0106
0259
0281
0263
0303
0064
0091
0294
0065
0191
0192
R018
0031
0110
0161
0311
0105
0281
0288
0086
0242
0224
0215
0222
0301
0106
0215
0004
0005
0006
0206
0252
0110
0285
0092
0015
0045
0038
0046
0085
0253
0161
0111
0254
0093
0064
0112
0113
0262
0218
0161
0263
0094
0219
0029
CHEEK, L.M.
CHEMOVA, N.G.
CHEN, H-C.
CHENG, L.
CHESSER, B.G.
CLANET, F.
CLARK, R.C., JR.
CLEMENT, P.
CLINE, J.
COBB, J.L.S.
COLEMAN, H.J.
COLLINS, A.G.
COLLIAS, E.E.
COLWELL, R. R.
CONRAD, J.M.
COOPER, C.K.
CRADDOCK, D.R.
CRADDOCK, D.R.
CREUSOT-LOIRE ATELIERS ...
CRONSHAW, J.
CTR. FOR SHORT-LIVED PHEN.
DACRE, J.C.
DAMKAER, D.
DAUTOV, F.M.
DAVIS, S.J.
DE HAAN, LA.M.
DEHOYOS, D.
DEJOHN, P.B.
DELONG, R.
DEMIN, B.T.
DEPT. OF THE ENVIRONMENT
DERBYSHEVA, E.K.
DER, J.J.
DIMEGLIO, R.
DIXIT, D.B.
DIXON, T.R.
DIXON, P.
DONAHUE, W.H.
DONOVAN, D.
DOROSHENKO, G.A.
DUERR, C.
DUKE, T.W.
DURFEE, D.W.
DUXBURY, A.C.
EBBESMEYER, C.C.
EFIMOV, V.B.
EHRENHAUSS, K.M.
ELLIS, J.P.
ELTON, R.L.
EPA
EREMEEV, V.N.
ERNST, V.V.
ESTES, J. L
EVANS, G.W.
EVERITT, R.
FALCONER, R.K.
FARRAGUT, R.~.
FARRINGTON, J.W.
FARRINGTON, J.W.
FEELY, R.
FIEST, D.L.
FILBY, R.H.
FINGAS, M.
FINLEY, J. S.
FISCUS, C.
FITZGERALD, M.G.
FORD, D.L.
FOSTER, R.S.
FRAZIER, N.A.
FREW, N.M.
FRYE, J.
181
0052
0211
0066
R001
0255
0032
0256
00112
R006
01111
00118
0251
R020
0301
0061
0298
0115
0182
0095
0186
0001
0039
R011
0096
0216
0211
0308
0091
R008
0028
0135
0117
0068
R018
0167
0069
0210
0116
0181
0028
0258
0117
0065
R020
ROn
0222
0098
0285
0099
0022
0282
0118
0023
0119
R008
0009
0216
0026
0230
R006
0292
00111
0293
0256
R008
0285
0099
0167
0259
0026
0228
-------
FUJISAWA, H.
FUKAZAWA, K.
GABRIEL, J.C.
GAGE, S.J.
GALAEV, IU. M.
GEORGE, R. Y.
GERACI, J.R.
GERACI, J.R.
GIBBS, C.F.
GIGER, W.
GILFILLAN, LS.
GLOYNA, E.F.
GLUKHOVA, L.V.
GOLDBERG, L D.
GOVT. INDUST. RES.
GRACE, B.
GRANA, D.C.
GRAY, T.W.
GR IFFIN, J.
GRIGOR'EVA, I.G.
GRIZZLE, P.L.
GRUGER, E.H., JR.
GRUNWALD, A.
GSCHWEND, P.M.
GUDIN, C.
GUNDLACH, L R.
GUREVICH, I. YA.
GUROVA, G.V.
HAMADA, S-I.
HAMADA, S-I.
HAMILTON, L1.
HAMMOND, R. E.
HAMPSON, G.R.
HANSON, S.
HARDY, C.C.
HARRALD, J.R.
HARREL, R.C.
HARRIS, H.S.
HASKINS & SELLS
HASSAN, 1.T.M.
HAWKES, J.W.
HAYNES, D.P.
HEIDENREICH, R.
HELFAND, R.M.
HELSETH, J.M.
HENRICKSEN, H.B.
HERBES, S.L
HERTZ, H.S.
HESS, W.N.
HIRS, G.
HISSONG, D.W.
HOCKENBERRY, H.R.
HODGIN, J.C.
HODGINS, H.O.
HOLMES, W.N.
HONARVAR, S.
HOOD, D.W.
HOOD, D.W.
HUBER, L.
HUNT, L.L.
HUNT, L.L.
IDONIBOYE-OBU, B.
IL'NITSKIY, A.P.
INMAN, R.C.
INST. OF OFFSHORE
IRWIN, W.A.
ISAKI, L. 1.
ISBISTER, J.D.
ITA NO , Y.
IWAMOTO, M.
IWATA, Y.
IWATA, Y.
JAKUBEK, P.
JAMESON, G.J.
JENSEN, V.
INST.
ENG'ING
0278
0141
0070
0152
0222
0243
0180
0231
0276
0033
0181
0146
0202
0232
0071
0149
0016
0094
R018
0202
0048
0182
0136
0026
0279
0008
0024
0183
0199
0200
0017
0260
0184
0181
0294
0161
0122
R015
0248
0100
0185
0016
0018
0085
R017
0101
0034
0035
0153
0137
0259
0102
0036
0185
0186
0245
0261
0262
0103
0287
0288
0187
0221
R003
0138
0147
0030
0030
0072
0104
0127
0128
0105
0134
0280
J ETTMAR, R. U.
JOHNSON, F.G.
JOHNSTON, C.S.
JOHNSTON, M.H.
JOHNSTON, R.
JULIAN, E.C.
JUSTICE, C.
KAGASOV, V.M.
KAISER, M.A.
KALMYKOV, A. I.
KAMADA, O.
KAWAHARA, F.K.
KAWAHARA, F.K.
KESHAVARZ, L
KIDA, M.
KING, N.J.
KINTER, W.B.
KINTER, W.B.
KIRKPATRICK, K.
KIRKPATRICK, D.
KIRKUP, W.M.
KITAGAWA, M.
KITAZATO, H.
KNAUSS, J.A.
KNOWLES, R.
KONAGA, S.
KONDO, G.
KOPYTOVA, L.A.
KOROLEVA, A.M.
KOZAK, V.A.
KRAUS, S.P.
KRAYBILL, H.F.
KULKARNI, R.K.
KUNITOMO, Y.
KUZNETSOV, V.N.
LARRANCE, J.
LARSON, R.A.
LARSON, R.A.
LEE, D.C., SR.
LEE, R.F.
LEE, R.F.
LEE, W.Y.
LEVCHENKO, D.N.
LIESER, J. L
LIVINGSTON, R.J.
LIZINA, N.N.
LOCKWOOD, A.P.M.
LOGAN, C.F.
LONCAREVIC, B.D.
LONGWELL, A.C.
LOUDEN, L. R .
LOVELL, A.H.
LOWTHIAN, J.W.
LUBKOWITZ, J.A.
LUTHY, R.G.
LUTZ, P.
LYES, M.
LYNCH, P.F.
LYNCH, P.F.
MACBERTHOUEX, P.
MACLEOD, W.D.
MADSEN, O.S.
MAJOR, C.W.
MAKAREVICH, V.A.
MALINA, J.F., JR.
MALINS, D.C.
MALINS, D.C.
MANABE, T.
MANUWAL, D.A.
MARCH, G.L.
MARKELOV, V.N.
MASTROIANNI, J.E.
MAUCERI, F.A.
MA YO, D. W.
MAZMANIDI, N.D.
0011
0188
0154
0204
0189
0050
0210
0117
0036
0222
0141
0049
0050
0134
0078
0051
R010
0198
0249
0249
0139
0126
0037
R018
0225
0283
0078
0117
0190
0044
0023
0295
0039
0073
0106
R011
0287
0288
0091
0191
0192
0193
0093
0102
0296
0211
0179
0074
0009
0194
0107
0233
0075
0036
0108
0195
0179
0038
0046
0109
R001
0298
0196
0282
0146
0208
0217
0278
R012
0197
0282
0110
0111
0181
0221
182
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MCAULIFFE, C.D.
MCCAIN, B.B.
MCCOMMAS, M.D.
MCCOY, D. L
MCDERMOTT-EHRLICH, D.
MCGLOTHLIN, R.E.
MCGUIRE, W.J.
MCINTYRE, A.D.
MCKENZIE, W.H.
MCKEOWN, B.A.
MCMORDIE, W.C., JR.
MELFI, S.H.
MEYERS, S.P.
MIDDLEDITCH, B.S.
MIKHALEVA, LM.
MILGRAM, J.
MILGRAM, J.
MILGRAM, J.
MILLER, B.
MILLER, D.S.
MILLER, R.W.
MILLER, T.A.
MILLEY, J.
MILLIMAN, J.D.
MILLS, A. L.
MILNE, A.R.
MIURA, Yo
MIURA, Y.
MIYAHARA, S.
MIZUNO, Y.
MOHR, M.C.
MOORE, B.
MORITA, Y.
MORRIS, R.J.
MORRIS, R.J.
MORTON, B.
MORTON, S.D.
MOSEVICH, M.V.
MOSKOWITZ, P.
MOUL, LT.
MOWERY, R.A., JR.
MULLINS, T.
MURAKAMI, M.
MURAKAWA, S-I.
MURAKAWA, S-I.
NAWROCKI, J.
NAZEY, LJ.
NEA, B.
NEFF, J .M.
NEGI, Y.
NEWTON, W.F.
NICHOLS, J.A.
NICKS, P.F.
NICOL, J.A.C.
NICOL, J.A.C.
NISHIKAJI, T.
NISHIYAMA, K.
NIXON, S.
NOAA
NOMURA, T.
NORRELL, S.A.
NORTON, D.W.
NORTON, D.W.
NORTON, M.G.
NUMOTO, P.T.
NUNUPAROV, S.M.
ODU, C. T. 1.
OGURA, Y.
OHMORI, A.
OHNO, H.
OHNO, K.
OHTA, Yo
OKAZAKI,
OKAZAKI,
ORG. FOR
M.
M.
ECON.
0297
0185
0030
0112
0244
0107
0113
0189
0255
0191
0114
0025
0155
0263
0281
0076
0156
0157
R013
0198
0245
0039
0040
0234
0301
0264
0199
0200
0021
0116
0284
0246
0053
0235
0236
0201
0231
0202
0294
0184
0041
0226
0218
0199
0200
0043
0259
0203
0118
0140
0110
0019
0011
0116
0219
0141
0283
R018
0265
0104
0204
0266
0213
0011
0182
0115
0081
0116
0012
0021
0200
0012
0199
0200
CO-OP. & DEV. 0261
ORLOVA, V.Z.
OROS, R.G.
OSBORN, P.G.
PAGE, D.S.
PAPKOV, G.L
PARKER, H.D.
PARRY, G.
PATTEN, B.G.
PATTERSON, J.W.
PEAKALL, D.B.
PEARCE, A.W.
PEARSON, J.G.
PENDLETON, H.E.
PERREN, B.
PILSON, M.
PIMENOV, I. V.
PIZZO, J.
PIZZO, J.
POLLACK, A.M.
POWERS, R.J.
PRIVALOV, V. L
PUGH, K.B.
RANCHET, J.
RATUSH, V.S.
RAY, J.R.
REED, A.
RICE, S.D.
RICHARDSON, M.J.
RITCHIE-CALDER, L.
ROBINSON, C.W.
ROGERS, L.B.
ROLLIN, A.L.
ROSE, F. L.
ROSENBLATT, D.H.
RUDD, D.F.
RYAN, P.R.
SABO, D.J.
SACKETT, W.M.
SAIDA, T.
SANBORN, H.R.
SANBORN, H.R.
SANDERS, H.L.
SANTNER, J.F.
SAXENA, J.
SCHECHTER, R.S.
SCHERFIG, J.
SCHOENFELLINGER, H.W.
SCHREINER, O.
SCHUBERT, F.P.
SCHWALL, L.R.
SEIBERT, D. L. R .
SEO, M.
SEREDA, A.T.
SHA H ,. K. R .
SHAPSHAL, A.E.
SHAW, D.G.
SHAW, D.R.
SHCHERBAKOV, YU. A.
SHEREMET'EV, V.A.
SHIFRIN, K.S.
SHIMIZU, Y.
SHINN, LA.
SHORT, J.W.
SIEGAL, B.A.
SKEWES, R.L.
SMAYDA, T.
SMITH, J.L
SMYTH, C.S.
SNIDER, W.D.
SNYDER, G.
SOLENOVA, L.G.
SOUTHWARD, A.J.
SOUTHWARD, LC.
SPECKEN, G.A.
ST. AUBIN, D.J.
183
0118
0142
0011
0181
0118
0019
0010
0205
0310
0198
0238
0039
0158
0143
R018
0117
R004
R005
0298
0065
0118
0216
0042
0093
0268
0206
0029
0134
0239
0100
0036
0148
0215
0039
0109
0221
0201
0015
0013
0208
0240
0209
0050
R002
0146
0210
0159
0119
0160
0034
0192
0120
0093
0047
0111
0052
0121
0211
0028
0024
0140
0268
0029
0122
0020
R013
0123
R013
0161
R001
0221
0212
0212
0124
0231
-------
STEGEMAN, J.J.
STEGEMAN, J.J.
STEIN, P.J.
STEWART, R.J.
ST. LAWR.-EAST. ONT.
STICKEL, L.F.
STOFFERS, P.
STOLZENBACH, K.D.
STONE, J.H.
STRAUGHAN, D.
SUMMERHAYES, C.P.
SWEAZY, R.M.
SZCZEPANIAK, W.
TAKAHASHI, M.
TAKAHASHI, M.
TAKAHASHI, M.
TAKAHASHI, Y.
TAKAOKA, S.
TAMANO, N.
TATSUMOTO, H.
TERASHIMA, K.
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
THOMAS, W.H.
THOMAS, W.H.
THOMPSON, H.C., JR.
THOMPSON, M.H.
THURBERG, F. P.
TODA, K.
TODA, K.
TOMITA, S.
TOPHAM, D.R.
TRIPP, B.W.
TSURIKOVA, A.P.
TSURIKOV, V.L.
TSYBAN, A. V.
TURNER, D.L.
UEDA, S.
USCG
USCG
US CONGRESS
USGS
USGS
V AIL, E. I.
VANDERKOOY, N.
VANDERMEULEN, J.H.
VANDYKE, K.G.
VARANASI, U.
VERNBERG, F.J.
VERNBERG, W.B.
VILLER, J.-F.
VOLL, M.J.
WAHL, T.R.
WALDICHUK, M.
WALKER, J.D.
WALTERS, C.H.
WANG, H.
WANG, R. T.
WANG, R. T.
WARD, J.M.
WARD, G.S.
WARNER, L.S.
WEHMILLER, J.F.
WEIR, R.H.
WEKELL, M.M.
WELCH, M.
WELLER, G.
WESTLAKE, D.W.S.
WHITE, J. R.
WICKRAMASINGHE, R.H.
WIKHOLM, K.O.
WILKINSON, T.G.
WILLIAMS, G.A.
WILSON, M.P., JR.
WILSON, M.P., JR.
WISHART, C.
COMM.
0207
0213
0031
0087
0241
R014
0285
0298
0269
0214
0285
.0215
0043
0078
0191
0192
0127
0125
0054
0126
0053
0270
0191
0192
0216
0216
0218
0127
0128
0053
0223
0026
0299
0299
0281
0129-
0130
0304
0305
0306
0271
0272
0118
0010
0300
0131
0217
0218
0218
0032
0030
R012
0309
0301
0145
0286
0176
0219
0063
0167
0011
0292
0246
0182
0176
0273
R016
0021
0301
0144
0051
0034
0079
0080
0225
WOLMAN, M.
WORTHINGTON, V.
WRIGHT, D.A.
WU, C.-C. J.
WU, R.S.S.
YAMAUCHI, Y.
YANG, W.C.
YOUNG, G.K.
YUGEN, R.
ZAKUPRA, V.A.
ZHAROV, N.A.
ZINGULA, R.P.
ZITKO, V.
ZMUDZINSKI, L.
ZOBOVA, N.A.
ZSOLNAY, A.
ZSOLNAY, A.
ZUBAKINA, A.N.
ZWERMAN, P.J.
0203
0162
0145
0146
0201
0140
0286
0011
0199
0044
0282
0274
0247
0220
0221
0302
R003
0281
0277
184
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Belgian Patent
844,243
British Patent
1,471,169
French Patent
2,313,322
German Offenlegungsschriften
2,556,347
2,559,233
2,701,075
Japanese Koka i
76 67,275
76,132,653
76,145,163
76,147.487
76,149,171
77 48,581
77 49,203
77 58,089
77 59,072
77 68,090
77 68,091
77 72,369
77 73,17'5
US Patent Application
SN-821681
PATENT INDEX
185
Citation Number
C-0095
C-0092
C-0090
C-0144
C-0018
C-0104
C-0072
C-0053
C-0125
C-0078
C-0~41
C-0054
C-0130
C-0073
C-0120
C-0128
C-0127
C-0116
C-0140
C-0016
-------
US Patent
CHat; on Number
3,992,291
3,992,297
3,996,134
3,996,136
4,014,780
4,022,687
4,026,794
4,032,444
4,033,851
C-0137
C-0091
C-0077
C-0105
C-0112
C-0143
C-0111
C-0145
C-0142
USSR Patent
452,185
C-0118
186
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APPENDIX
Periodicals Reviewed
Alternatives:
Ambio
American Fisheries Society Transactions
Analytical Chemistry
Applied Ecology Abstracts
Applied Energy
Applied Microbiology
Applied Science & Technology Index
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts
Audubon
Australian Science Index
Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Komission fuer
Meeresforschung
Bibliography and Index of Geology
Biological Abstracts
Bioresearch Index
Bioscience
British Birds
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Bulletin of Marine Science
Chemical Abstracts
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Week
Chemistry in Canada
Chemosphere
Coastal Zone Management Journal
Conservation News
Current Contents: Life Sciences
Current Contents: Physical and Chemical Sciences
Deep-Sea Research/Oceanographic Bibliography
Ecolibrium
Ecological Abstracts
Ecological Modelling
Ecology Law Quarterly
Energy Information Abstracts
Energy Review
The Engineering Index Monthly
Environment
Environment Abstracts
Environmental Action
Environmental Conservation
Environmental Geology
Environmental Health and Pollution Control
Environmental Periodicals Bibliography
Perspectives on Society and Environment
187
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Environmental Pollution
Environmental Research
Environmental Science & Technology
Environmental Technology and Economics
EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly
ERDA Energy Research Abstracts
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science
Fuel Abstracts and Current Titles
Government Reports Announcements
Groundwater
Hydrocarbon Processing
India Journal of Environmental Health
Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin
International Aerospace Abstracts
International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
International Journal of Environmental Studies
International Petroleum Abstracts
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology
Journal of Chromatography
Journal of Environmental Science and Health
Journal of Environmental Sciences
Journal of the Institute of Water Pollution Control
Journal of Petroleum Technology
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
Limnology and Oceanography
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Journal
Marine Biology
Marine Chemistry
Marine Geology
Marine Geotechnology
Marine Policy
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Marine Science Contents Tables
Marine Technology
Marine Technology Society, Journal
Maritime Research Information Service Abstracts
Microbial Ecology
National Fisherman
National Research Council, News Report
National Wildlife
Nature
New Technical Books
Nippon Susan Gakkai Shi. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of
Scientific Fisheries
Ocean Engineering
Ocean Industry
Ocean Management
,Oceanic Abstracts
188
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Oceanus
Offshore
Oil and Gas Journal
Outdoor California
Pacific Oil World
Petroleum Abstracts
Petroleum Engineer International
Petroleum Today
Pollution Abstracts
Pollution Engineering
Proceedings in Print
Rapports et Proces Verbaux
Resources
Resource Recovery and Conservation
Royal Society of London, Proceedings, Series B, Biological
Sciences
Science
Science News
Science of the Total Environment
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Scientific Meetings
Sea Fronti ers
Sea Secrets
Sea Technology
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
Summaries of Foreign Government Environmental Reports
Technical Book Review
The Ecologist
The Engineering Index
The Sciences
Toxicology
UDS Water Quality Control Digest
Underwater Information Bulletin
Underwater Naturalist
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Water & Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control Federation, Journal
Water Research
Western Fisheries
189
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Intt/1lctions on the reverse before completing)
1. RE?ORT NO. 12. 3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
EPA-600/2-78-071
4. TII L.= ~ND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT DATE
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS Apr i 1 1978 issuing date
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Vol. 5 No. 1 (November 1977-January 1978)
7. AUT...ORlS) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Helmut Ehrenspeck, Penelope Melvin, Elizabeth Sorenson,
James Cook
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
Marine Science Institute lNE623
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
University of California R802052-01
Santa Barbara, California 93106
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory -Cin., OH Quarterly, Nov 77-Jan 78
Office of Research and Development 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/12
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
15. SUP?LEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The November 1977-January 1978 issue begins Volume 5 of OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION
REPORTS, a quarterly compilation of abstracts of current oil pollution-related
literature and research projects. Comprehensive coverage of terrestrial and aquatic
oil pollution and its prevention and control is provided, with emphasis on the
marine environment. The report contains (a) citations and summaries of 1975 to 1977
publications and patents; (b) status and summaries of current research programs; and
(c) information on current oil pollution-related meetings. This report is submitted
in partial fulfillment of EPA Grant No. R-805052-01 by the Marine Science Institute,
University of California, Santa Barbara, under the sponsorship of the U.S. Environ-
menta 1 Protection Agency.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS c- COSATI Field/Group
*Bib1iographies Oil pollution
*Abstracts Oil s pi 11 events
*Patents Oil s pi 11 research
*Documents Oil pollution control 680
*Research Oil pollution patents
Summaries
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT 19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED 202
RELEASE TO PUBLIC 20. SECURITY CLASS (This page) 22. PRICE
UNCLASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220.1 (9-73)
190
{;:r U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1978-757-140/6818 Re9ion No.5-II
-------
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Office of Research and Development
Environmental Research Information Center
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
EPA-335
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE. S3OO
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
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Book
3J
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If your address is incorrect, please change on the above label
tear off, and return to the above address.
If you do not desire to continue receiving these technical
reports, CHECK HERE H3, tear off label, and return it to the
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