4>EPA States Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory P.O. Box 15027 Las Vegas NV 89114-5027 EPA 600/3-83-014 DOE/DP/00539-047 Research and Development Animal Investigation Program 1981 Annual Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Interagency Agreement Number DE-A108-76DP00539 ------- ANIMAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM 1981 ANNUAL REPORT Nevada Test Site and Vicinity by D. D. Smith and K. R. Giles Nuclear Radiation Assessment Division Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Interagency Agreement Number DE-AI08-76DP00539 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LABORATORY OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 89114 ------- NOTICE This report has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ------- CONTENTS Figures iv Tables v Introduction 1 Sample Collection 2 Analytical Procedures and Methods 9 Results and Discussion 11 Quality assurance samples 11 Nevada Test Site cattle 11 Nevada Test Site mule deer 12 Desert bighorn sheep 12 Nevada Test Site horse 12 Nevada Test Site chukar 14 Offsite goat 14 Nevada Test Site spring waters 14 Necropsy and histopathological examinations 14 Hypothetical dose estimates 15 Other Activities 19 Deer migration study 19 Public information 24 Investigations 24 Decommissioning Activities 25 Area 15 Farm 25 NTS Beef Herd 25 References 26 List of Appendix Tables 29 m ------- FIGURES Number Page 1 Sampling locations on the Nevada Test Site °> 2 Approximate collection locations of 1981 desert bighorn sheep . . 8 3 Annual averages of strontium-90 in bones of cattle, deer, and desert bighorn sheep, 1956-1981 13 4 Mule deer capture and wintering areas, 1981 23 IV ------- TABLES Number Page 1 Sampling Information for Nevada Test Site Cattle, 1981 3 2 Sampling Information for Nevada Test Site Animals, 1981 5 3 Sampling Information for Desert Bighorn Sheep, 1981 6 4 Tritium and Gamma Analyses of Nevada Test Site Spring Waters, 1981 15 5 Summary of Peak Radionuclide Concentrations in Selected Tissues from Nevada Test Site Animals, 1981 16 6 Postulated Dose to Man Following Ingestion of Selected Tissues for 1 year 18 7 Deer Capture Information, 1981 20 ------- INTRODUCTION Since 1964, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Environ- mental Monitoring Systems Laboratory at Las Vegas (EMSL-LV) has conducted the Animal Investigation Program (AIP) for the Nevada Operations Office of the U.S. Department of Energy. During 1981, the major objectives of the AIP continued to be: 1. To conduct surveillance of domestic and wild animals on and around the Nevada Test Site (NTS) in order to assess the radio- nuclide burden present in their tissues and to monitor for possible pathological effects from the burdens. 2. To investigate alleged damage to domestic animals and wildlife resulting from the activities of the Nevada Operations Office of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 3. To provide public information through education and veterinary advice to the offsite population. 4. To conduct special ad hoc investigations. Progress during 1981 in achieving these objectives and summaries of the data collected are presented in this report. Previously published reports (Fountain 1961; Smith and Giles 1970, 1974, and 1975; and Smith et al. 1976, 1977a, 1977b, 1978a, 1978b, 1979, 1980, 1981, and 1982) have detailed the history, evolution, and accomplishments of the AIP since its beginning in 1957. As the AIP was terminated in December of 1981, this report will be the last in the series which began in 1958. ------- SAMPLE COLLECTION Nevada Test Site animals sampled during 1981 included cattle, mule deer, a chukar, and a horse. Desert bighorn sheep that range the mountainous areas to the south and east of the NTS were also sampled. Animals sampled included those that died from natural causes or through accidents, those collected through the cooperation of licensed hunters, and those that were sacrificed as part of the routine sampling activities of the program. Animals collected by rifle or shotgun fire were necropsied immediately after death and any gross pathological conditions noted. Animals collected by other means were also necropsied if a prosector was available. If advanced postmortem changes had not occurred, the adrenals, eyes, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, muscle, spleen, thyroid, gonads, and gross lesions (if any) were sampled and prepared for histopathological evaluation. Tissues collected from large animals for radioanalyses included rumen or stomach contents, liver, lungs, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, muscle, thyroids, blood, kidneys, fetus (if present), and bone (femurs or hocks). Tissues collected from the chukar for radioanalyses included bone from the entire skeleton, muscle, and composited internal organs (liver, lungs, kidneys, and GI tract). Fourteen beef cattle from the NTS herd were sampled during 1981. Sampling information is presented in Table 1. Except for a brief weaning period, when the calves were maintained at the Area 15 farm, each animal sampled spent its entire life grazing on the Area 18 range of the NTS (Figure 1). The management of the beef herd and soil and range surveys of the Area 18 grazing area have been published previously (Smith 1970, Leavitt 1970, and Brown and Mason 1968). NTS animals sampled included four adult mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), a chukar (Alectoris chukar) and a horse (Equus caballus)^Also sampled was a domestic goat from Rachel, Nevada. Collection locations are noted on Figure 1 and sampling information is listed in Table 2. Through the cooperation of State and Federal wildlife officials and participating hunters, bone and kidney samples were collected from 17 mature desert bighorn sheep rams (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) during the annual hunt Sampling information for these animals is presented in Table 3 and the collection sites are shown in Figure 2. The majority of the sheep were collected from Clark County in southern Nevada, with seven from the Desert National Wildlife Range (DNWR). Two animals were collected in Esmeralda County which is north and west of the NTS. ------- TABLE 1. SAMPLING INFORMATION FOR NEVADA TEST SITE CATTLE, 1981 Animal Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Sex F F F F F F F F M M F F M M Age (Years) 5.0 1.0 0.25 7.0 13.0 7.0 14.0 9.0 0.5 1.5 1.5 4.0 1.5 1.5 Weight (kg) 550 235 90 570 532 523 432 420 148 254 250 375 227 214 Date Sampled 05/14 05/14 05/14 05/14 10/20 10/20 10/20 10/20 10/20 10/21 10/21 10/21 10/21 10/21 Remarks Mature pregnant cow. Extremely wi Id. Mature barren cow. Pre-cancerous placque right eye. "Lumpy jaw" abscess. Pregnant (2-month fetus). Bull calf—excellent condition. Bui l--very wi Id. Pregnant (1 1/2-month fetus). Bull. Bull. ------- • Animal Collection Location • NTS Spring MD Mule Deer Nuclear Rocket Development Station Desert Game Range Figure 1. Sampling locations on the Nevada Test Site. ------- TABLE 2. SAMPLING INFORMATION FOR NEVADA TEST SITE WILDLIFE, 1981 Animal Number Sex Estimated Age Weight (Years) (kg) Date Collected Remarks Mule Deer-1 F 1.0 35 Mule Deer-2 M 1.0 40 Mule Deer-3 F 1.5 50 Mule Deer-4 F 1.0 30 Horse-1 Chukar-1 Goat-1 F 15-18 550 ? mature 0.7 M 0.1 12 3/11 Collected Area 19, 1 km west of Echo Peak repeater. 6/23 Accident victim 1 km east of Holmes Road on the Stockade Wash Road, Area 12. 10/5 Accident victim at U19C, 3 km south of reservoir on Pahute Mesa Road in Area 19. 10/28 Collected 1.5 km east of G tunnel in Area 12. 5/14 Hit by bus on Tippipah Highway, 5 km south of Area 12 camp. 12/18 Collected on N. Rainier Mesa Rd. above T. Tunnel, Area 12 6/2 Kid belonged to E. Fallis, Rachel, NV. Sampled because of sudden death. Enterotoxemia was diagnosis. ------- TABLE 3. SAMPLING INFORMATION FOR DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP, 1981 Animal Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Sex M M M M M M M M M M M M M Estimated Age (Years) 8 8 11 7 5 6 6 7 6 7 6 6 10 Date Collected 11/15 11/15 11/15 11/22 11/22 12/21 11/17 11/17 11/17 11/26 11/26 11/19 11/19 Remarks Killed Management Area 69*, Range, Lincoln Co. Killed Management Area 70*, Cristo Range, Esmeralda Co. Killed Management Area 71*, Mountain, Esmeralda Co. Killed Management Area 72*, Canyon Range, Clark Co. Killed Management Area 73*, National Wildlife Range, Li Killed Management Area 74*, water Range, Lincoln Co. Killed Management Area 75*, Range, Lincoln Co. Killed Management Area 76*, Range, Lincoln Co. Killed Management Area 77*, Range, Lincoln Co. Killed Management Area 78*, Range, Clark Co. Killed Management Area 79*, Valley Range, Lincoln Co. Killed Management Area 81*, Mountain, Clark Co. Killed Management Area 83* Sheep Monte Lone Arrow Desert ncoln Co. Pint- Sheep Sheep Sheep Las Vegas Meadow Black Sorina Mountain Range, Clark Co. (continued) ------- TABLE 3. (Continued) Estimated Animal Age Date Number Sex (Years) Collected Remarks 14 15 11/19 11/14 Killed Management Area 84*, McCullough Mountains, Clark Co. Killed Management Area 85*, Eldorado Mountain Range, Clark Co. 16 17 M 12/12 12/20 Killed Management Area 86*, South Eldorado Mountain Range, Clark Co. Killed Management Area 87*, Newberry Mountain, Clark Co. *Nevada Department of Wildlife Bighorn Sheep Management Area ------- dicates collection site dual animals Figure 2. Approximate collection locations of 1981 desert bighorn sheep. ------- ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES AND METHODS Gamma-emitting radionuclides in samples of soft tissues and rumen contents were analyzed by high resolution qamma spectroscopy. A sample of blood or tissue was collected from each animal and the tissue water was extracted and analyzed for tritium. Bone samples were analyzed for strontium-89 and -90 and plutonium-238 and -239. Selected soft tissues were also analyzed for plutonium content. The EMSL-LV performed all of the analyses for tritium and the gamma-emitting radionuclides. The DOE contractor laboratory performed the plutonium and strontium analyses. Rumen contents and soft tissues of sufficient volume were placed in 300-milliliter aluminum containers with a 10-percent Formalin® solution as a preservative. The containers were then sealed and stored for gamma spectral analysis. Those tissues of smaller volume, i.e., thyroid gland, tracheo- bronchial lymph nodes, etc., were first macerated in a blender and then brought to a standard volume by suspending in agar. These samples were also sealed in 300-mil 1iliter aluminum containers. All samples for gamma spectral analysis were analyzed for approximately 1,200 minutes on either lithium- drifted germanium or high purity germanium detectors calibrated at approxi- mately 0.5 kilo-electronvolts (keV) per channel in the 40-keV to 2-mega- electronvolts (MeV) range. These detectors are connected to a Nuclear Data 6620 computerized gamma spectral accumulation and analysis system. Tissues collected for strontium and plutonium analyses were placed in plastic bags and kept frozen until submitted to the analytical laboratory. The samples were prepared for analyses by ashing and radiochemical separation. Plutonium was analyzed by alpha spectrometry using plutonium-236 as an internal tracer. Analytical procedures used by the contractor laboratory are similar to those described by Talvitie 1971, 1972; Wish and Rowell 1956; Mitchell 1960; Hagan and Arrhenius 1963; and Major et al. 1975. The EMSL-LV radionuclide analytical procedures were those described by Johns et al. (1979). All data are reported with the 95 percent confidence interval based on counting statistics and are decay corrected to time of sample collection. The minimum detectable activity (MDA) is defined as 3.3 times the standard deviation of the background counting error. Results which show a net sample activity less than the MDA are reported as such. The approximate MDAs and analytical procedures are summarized in Appendix Table A-l. The activity values for plutonium-239 listed in this report are actually the sums of the individual isotopic activities of plutonium-239 and -240. The alpha emissions of these two isotopes cannot be separately identified (resolved) by alpha spectrometric analysis. ------- Quality assurance samples were included in each group of samples sub- mitted for plutonium or strontium analyses. These were either liver, muscle, or bone samples purchased at a local meat market and to which a known amount of the nuclide was added, or they were duplicate samples collected from sacrificed animals and submitted for analyses under blind identification numbers. The purchased bone samples were ashed prior to spiking. The data from the quality assurance samples are presented in the Appendix Tables B-l and B-2. Quality assurance procedures for the tritium and gamma spectral analyses were both external (e.g., intercomparison study samples, duplicate and replicate analyses, etc.) and internal (e.g., blank reagent or internal standards analyses, etc.). Details of these procedures and statistical analyses of the data produced are detailed by Black et al., 1982. Tissue and lesion samples collected for histopathological examination were fixed with a 10-percent Formalin® solution and delivered to a pathologist for interpretation. 10 ------- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION QUALITY ASSURANCE SAMPLES As shown in the Tables B-l and B-2 of the Appendix, analyses of duplicate muscle and bone samples indicate an average precision of analyses of 70 percent for plutonium-239 in muscle and 29.5 percent for strontium-90 in bone. The accuracy of analysis, expressed as bias, is also shown in those tables. Based on the precision and bias data for strontium-90 analyzed, the 95 percent confidence interval for the true value was calculated to range from 0.47 to 1.07 times the reported value in bone. The 95 percent confidence interval for the true value for plutonium-239 in bone ranged from 0.59 to 1.99 times the reported value. These confidence intervals were considered when conclusions were drawn from the data. NEVADA TEST SITE CATTLE The analytical results from tissues collected from the Area 18 beef cattle are presented in Tables C-l through C-5 and D-l through D-6 of the Appendix. Naturally occurring potassium-40 was the only gamma-emitting radionuclide consistently detected in all samples. Cesium-137 was generally detected in the muscle and kidney samples. If detected, the cesium-137 levels were within a narrow range of activity; for example, twelve of fourteen muscle samples contained detectable levels ranging from 15 to 65 picocuries per kilogram (pCi/kg) wet weight. Tritium was not detected in the blood of any of the cattle sampled during May, but was detected in 7 of 10 samples collected in October with a range of 490-1900 pCi/1 of water. This range is similar to that measured in atmos- pheric moisture from air samples collected in Areas 12 and 15 of the NTS (Black et al. 1982). Strontium-90 concentrations in the femur samples from the Area 18 cattle ranged from 1.6 to 4.8 picocuries per gram (pCi/g) of ash with an average of 2.4. As shown in Figure 3, this average value is similar to those reported in recent years. Strontium-89 was detected in only one of the 1981 bone samples. Liver and lung samples collected in both May and October generally contained detectable levels of plutonium-239 as did the muscle and tracheo- bronchial lymph node samples collected in May. Tracheobronchial lymph node samples were not collected in October. Plutonium-239 was detected infrequently in bones and gonad samples from both sampling periods. The reported plutonium-239 tissue concentrations were similar to those reported 11 ------- previously (Smith et al. 1982). Plutonium-238 was detected occasionally in the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes. NEVADA TEST SITE MULE DEER The analytical results from tissues of the NTS mule deer are presented in Tables E-l through E-5 of the Appendix. As was the case for the NTS cattle, naturally-occurring potassium-40 and cesium-137 were the only gamma-emitting radio-nuclides that were frequently detected in the tissue samples. Additional gamma-emitting radionuclides (7Be, 95Nb, 95Zr, 103Ru, 141Ce, and l44Ce) were occasionally detected in the ingesta from the rumens of sampled deer. Nanocurie levels of tritium were found in the tissues of deer #2 and #4. Both were collected in Area 12 and it is believed that they drank from contaminated waters draining from the tunnel test area of Rainier Mesa (Scoggins, 1982). Similar levels have been seen in deer previously (Smith et al. 1980). Strontium-90 concentrations in hock bones ranged from 1.1 to 1.8 pCi/g of ash with an average of 1.6 pCi/g of ash (Figure 3). This is similar to the average of 1.7 pCi/g of ash reported in 1980. Strontium-89 was reported in the bone sample from deer #1. However, it is thought that this value is an artifact. Detectable levels of plutonium-238 and -239 were found in all rumen content samples. In addition, measureable amounts of plutonium-239 were found in one lung and two liver samples. None of the bone samples contained detectable levels of either radionuclide. DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP Analytical data from bone and kidney samples are listed in Tables F-l and F-2 of the Appendix. The average strontium-90 concentration in the hock bones was 2.1 pCi/g of ash (Figure 3). Detectable levels of strontium-89 and plutonium-238 were not present in any of the animals sampled. Detectable levels of plutonium-239 were found in only one sample this year. Cesium-137 concentrations ranging from 41 to 130 pCi/kg wet weight were detected in the kidneys of 5 of the 16 sheep sampled. The reported values for tritium in the 6 kidney samples which had detectable levels ranged from 430 to 1800 pCi/1, which are within the range of values reported in atmospheric moisture in air samples collected at various off-site locations from thp Nnhio Gas and Tritium Surveillance Networks (Black et al. 1982). NEVADA TEST SITE HORSE An aged female feral horse was struck and killed by a bus in Are 1? May 14. Bone and muscle samples were collected despite advanced decay Th" 12 ------- i^B Bighorn Sheep CZIDeer •m Canle O (Number of Bone Samples) 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1S68 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 Figure 3. Annual averages of strontium-90 in bones of cattle, deer, and desert bighorn sheep, 1956-1981. ------- analytical results from these samples are listed in Appendix Table 6-1- Potassium-40 and cesium-137 (38 _+ 12 pCi/kg) were the only gamma-emitting radionuclides detected in muscle. The strontium-90 concentration of 4. / 0.63 pCi/g of bone ash is of the same magnitude found in other horses sampled in previous years (Smith et al. 1981 and 1982). Plutonium-238 and -239 were not detected in either sample. NEVADA TEST SITE CHUKAR One chukar was collected in Area 12. The analytical data from this bird's samples are listed in Appendix Table H-l. Muscle concentration of tritium (760 + 300 pCi/1) and cesium-137 (48 +_ 17 pCi/kg) were similar to those observed in other NTS animals sampled during 1981. The strontium-90 concentration (7.1 _+ 0.98 pCi/g ash) in the bone is several times greater than that observed in most NTS mammals but is similar to chukar sampled in 1979 (Smith et al. 1980). OFFSITE GOAT The sudden death of a goat kid alarmed its Rachel, NV owners, who requested an examination to determine if its death was related to the NTS testing activities. A diagnosis of enterotoxins was made which was based on the history and necropsy results. Tissue samples were collected and analyzed for radionuclide content (Appendix Table 1-1). Potassium-40 was the only gamma-emitting radionuclide detected. Strontium-89 and plutonium-238 and -239 were not detected. The strontium-90 concentration of 4.1 _+ 0.96 pCi/g of bone ash is within the range of values reported for other offsite animals, i.e., desert bighorn sheep, which were sampled during 1981. NEVADA TEST SITE SPRING WATERS Several natural springs that serve as a source of water for wildlife were sampled during 1981. The spring locations are shown in Figure 1. The waters were analyzed for gamma-emmiting radionuclides and tritium. The results are shown in Table 4. Detectable levels of gamma-emitting radionuclides were not found in any of the waters and the tritium levels were detectable only through tritium enrichment analytical methods. NECROPSY AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS Sacrificed animals were necropsied and selected tissue and lesion samoles were collected for histopathological evaluation. The gross and microscooir pathologies observed are summarized in Appendix Table J-l. Sarcocystis spp. were detected in the skeletal muscle of only one depr In past years, this ubiquitous protozoan parasite was found in an Pctima^'flK percent of all muscle (both cardiac and skeletal) samples from deer and cattle. The reason for this apparent decline in infectious rate is not known 14 ------- TABLE 4. TRITIUM AND GAMMA ANALYSIS OF NEVADA TEST SITE SPRING WATERS, 1981 Spring Name White Rock Captain Jack Green Tippipah Topopah Cane Kawitch Valley Tub Date Sampled 5/6 5/6 5/6 5/6 5/6 5/6 5/6 5/6 Tritium pCi/L 26.0 +_ 7.0 38.0 + 7.5 35.0 + 7.3 34.0 _+ 7.3 73.0 +_ 7.9 <110 180.0 + 9.4 39.0 _+ 7.5 Gamma Analyses GSN GSN GSN GSN GSN GSN GSN GSN GSN = Gamma Spectrum Negligible Unusual lesions were not noted during necropsy. Occasionally observed histopathologic findings, e.g., hemosiderosis of the spleen and mild liver and kidney changes, were felt to be within normal limits by the examining pathol- ogists. No pathology, gross or microscopic, was observed that could be attributed to ionizing radiation. HYPOTHETICAL DOSE ESTIMATES Although meat from animals living on the Nevada Test Site is not avail- able for human consumption, the various doses to a standard man based on postulated consumption of the edible tissues has been calculated. The dose estimates are not presented as an implication of potential doses, but rather to place the reported radionuclide concentrations in perspective. The dose estimates are based on the techniques and parameters of the International Commission for Radiological Protection (1959, 1968, 1977) and Dillman (1969). The estimates were calculated using the maximum observed concentrations of the radionuclides in edible tissues of the cattle, deer, and chukar sampled (summarized in Table 5). It was assumed that 500 grams (about 1 pound) of the meat were consumed each day for a year, and that the radionuclide concentra- tion remained constant for that time. The minimum detectable values of Table 5 were used in the dose calculations when they were the maximum value for a given tissue. 15 ------- TABLE 5. SUMMARY OF PEAK RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN SELECTED TISSUES FROM NEVADA TEST SITE ANIMALS, 1981 Nuclide Plutonium-238 Plutonium-239 Cesium-137 Tritium Plutonium-238 Plutonium-239 Cesium-137 Tritium Radionuclide Muscle Area 0.054+_ 0.087* 0.48 + 0.11 65 +_ 13.0 NA NTS 0.11 + 0.18* 0.082 + 0.089* 28 +_ 13 2.4 x 106 +4.1 x 103** Concentrations (pCi/kg Wet Liver 18 Cattle 0.21 +_ 0.26* 2.3 +_ 0.62 27 +_ 14 NA Mule Deer 0.35+_ 0.76* 1.1 + 0.24 27 + 12 2.2 x 106 8.8 x +3.6 x 103** +7.4 x Jjeijhll Blood (pCi/1) NA NA NA 1900 + 320 NA NA NA 106 103** Plutonium-238 Plutonium-239 Cesium-137 Tritium Area 12 Chukar 1.4 + 0.38 0.35 +_ 0.41* 48 + 17 760 + 300** NA = Not analyzed * = Counting error exceeds reported activity ** = pCi/1 - aqueous portion of liver or muscle 16 ------- Although doses are calculated for ingestion of tissues from a chukar, these doses are not compared to the dose guide. Furthermore, these doses are not used in discussing the maximum hypothetical doses because it is doubtful that enough similar tissue could be obtained to provide the 1-year intake quantities. The International Commission for Radiological Protection (1959) and the U.S. Department of Energy (1977) present different dose criteria for various parts of the body, based on estimates of relative radiosensitivity. The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) (1971) recognizes this philosophy, but recommends simplifying the guides for the general population, and uses the minimum guide (0.5 rem per year to the whole body for an individual in an uncontrolled area) for all body organs. The NCRP emphasizes that this is a simplifying administrative decision, rather than a reduction of the guides based on new technical information. The indicated confidence intervals in Table 5 are twice the standard deviation (2s) based on counting statistics. The total analytical uncertain- ties at two standard deviations for the plutonium results are estimated to be about 0.2 pd'/kg for results of several tenths of a pCi/kg, or several times the indicated counting uncertainties. Thus, differences between values, when the values are under several tenths of a pCi/kg, have limited statistical significance given the total analytical uncertainties of the results. Table 6 lists postulated doses based on the data summarized in Table 5. The column on the right shows the respective fraction of the radiation pro- tection guide of 500 millirems (mrem) per year for the various postulated doses. The doses for plutonium and, to a lesser extent, cesium-137 are not delivered in 1 year. For practical purposes, however, the integrated doses for a 1-year ingestion period are related to the yearly guide. The highest postulated dose (in edible tissue), 43 millirems (mrem), would result from ingesting muscle from the deer that drank from the contaminated Area 12 ponds. This dose is nearly 9 percent of the guide of 500 mrem per year. Tissues of deer collected away from the Area 12 ponds contained environmental levels of tritium. All of the other postulated doses are 0.1 mrem or less and are similar to or lower than those estimated for 1980 (Smith et al. 1981). 17 ------- TABLE 6. POSTULATED DOSE TO MAN FOLLOWING INGESTION OF SELECTED TISSUES FOR 1 YEAR Nuclide Tritium Tritium Cesium-137 Dose Calculated For Body water Body water Whole- body tissue Animal Tissue Containing Maximum pCi/kg (wet weight) or Concentration pCi/1 of Tissue Water NTS mule deer, blood 8.8 x 106 + 7.4 x 103 NTS mule deer, muscle 2.4 x 106 + 4. 2 x 103 Area 18 cattle, 65 + 13 muscle Dose Factor Per- mrem:pCi/day cent (1-year Dose of 500 ingestion)* (mrem) mrem 3.6 x ID'5 158 31.6 3.6 x 10-5 43 8.6 0.022 0.72 0.1 00 Plutonium-238 Bone Area 12 chukar, muscle 1.4 + 0.38 0.54 0.38 t Plutoni Plutoni um-238 um-239 Bone Bone NTS mule Area 18 deer, 1 cattle, i ver liver 0.35 2.3 + 0.76 ± 62 0. 0. 54 63 <0.1t 0.7 0.1 *The doses from plutonium-238 and -239, and to a lesser extent cesium-137, are not delivered within the 1-year ingestion period, but, for simplification, the doses have been related to the guide for 1 year. The doses for plutonium are actually for a 50-year period, but it should be recognized that the doses are resulting from ingestion over a 1-year period. The dose factors are based on quality factor (QF) of 1 for tritium and cesium-137 and 20 for plutonium-238 and -239 (ICRP, 1977). The QF of 20 used for plutonium is twice the value used in reports for the program prior to 1979 (Smith et al. 1978b, 1979, 1980). tThe percent of the 500 mrem dose guide is not calculated for these tissues because it is not reasonable to assume that someone could consume 500 g of meat per day from NTS chukar. fSince the analytical counting error term is much larger than the mean, the postulated dose is calculated for the mean plus the error term and is stated as a "less than" value. ------- OTHER ACTIVITIES DEER MIGRATION STUDY A sizeable mule deer herd resides in the mountainous reqions of the NTS during the summer; in unrestricted lands, these deer may be hunted by the public. A study to determine migration patterns of the herd (through tracking of individual deer fitted with collars containing miniature radio trans- mitters) was begun in 1975 and continued through 1981. From June through November 1981, 25 NTS mule deer (Table 7) were captured, either by chemical restraint of free-ranging animals (Smith et al. 1978a) or by trapping at a water site (Giles 1979). Ten deer were fitted with collars containing new radio transmitters, ear tags, and reflective numbers. Five deer were fitted with re-conditioned radio transmitter collars that had been recovered from deer captured prior to 1981. This brought the total number of working transmitters in the field to 19 (4 from previous years). AIP personnel monitored the movements of the deer weekly with hand-held receivers and directional antenna. Ten other deer were captured but found unsuitable for collaring and were released after visible markers (ear tags and reflective collars) had been attached. Fourteen of the deer were captured at the Area 12 trapsite on Rainier Mesa and immobilized with M-99® (etorphine). The other eleven deer were free-ranging animals (five in Area 12 and six in Areas 19 and 20) and were immobilized with Sernylan® (phencyclidine hydrochloride), and acepromazine maleate (Ayerest Laboratories, Inc.) injected via a syringe-dart fired from a Cap Chur™ gun (Palmer Chemical Company). The 1981 summer and winter ranges of the NTS deer are shown in Figure 4. Deer captured in Area 12 remained there until late December when weather forced them onto their wintering ranges. Most of the marked deer went south to the Shoshone Mountain and Timber Mountain areas. One deer moved off of the mesa and spent the winter in the area around Captain Jack Spring and N Tunnel where he was seen on several occasions. One deer went north from Rainier Mesa into the deep canyons in the southern part of the Belted Range where it remained throughout the winter and most of the following summer. The last deer went south onto the Eleana Range where it stayed until its death in March of 1982. Deer from Areas 19 and 20 wintered in the Timber Mountain, Forty Mile Canyon, and the Beatty wash areas. In the past year, by mid-July, most deer returned to the summer range where they were originally tagged. However, during the spring and early summer of 1982, many of the deer did not return to the areas or Rainier Mesa where they normally frequented. They have stayed around the edges of the mesa 19 ------- TABLE 7. DEER CAPTURE INFORMATION, 1981 ro o I.D. 1 Yellow 2 Yellow 3 Yellow 4 Yellow 5 Yellow 6 Yellow 7 Yellow 8 Yellow Age Estimate 3-4 1-2 3-4 5-6 3-4 1-2 1-2 1-2 Weight Estimate Sex (kg) F 64 M 42 M 65 M 86 F 42 F 42 M 34 F 34 Date Captured 06/09 06/19 06/19 06/24 06/26 07/21 07/22 07/22 Location Area 12, Trapsite 1 mile N.W. Echo Peak Area, Repeated Site U19C Water Reservoir, Area 19 2.4 km S.W. of Area 20 camp Area 12, Trapsite Area 12, Trapsite N. Tunnel Pond, Area 12 Area 12, Trapsite Comments Pregnant doe in good condition. Spike buck in good condition. Large buck in good condition, 3x3 antlers. Large buck in good condition, 4x4 antlers. Lactating doe in fair condition. Young doe in fair condition. Found dead 3/10/82, 2.4 km N. Area 16 camp, radio recovered. Young buck in fair condition, 3x3 antlers. Young non-1 actating doe in good condition. (continued) ------- TABLE 7. (Continued) I.D. 9 Yellow 10 Yellow 7 Blue 5 White 4 Red 7 Red 10 Red Age Estimate 2-3 1-2 3-4 5-6 2-3 4-6 3-4 Sex M M F M F M F Weight Estimate (kg) 56 42 46 90 46 65 45 Date Captured 08/13 08/19 09/16 09/10 10/24 11/04 10/29 Location Rainier Mesa, N. Central , Area 12 U19C Water Reservoir, Area 19 Intersection Holmes Rd. and Rainier Mesa Rd. , Area 12 0. 2 km S. of E. Tunnel turnoff, Area 12 Area 12, Trapsite Area 12, Trapsite 0.8 km west of Holmes Comments Mature buck in good condition, 4x3 antlers. Young buck in good condition, 3x3 antlers. Mature lactating doe with 1 fawn. Mature buck in excellent condition, 4x4 antlers. Mature lactating doe in good condition. Mature buck in fair condition, 4x4 antlers. Non-lactating doe in fair R.G. 1-2 M 34 Rd. & Stockade Wash Intersection 06/11 Area 12, Trapsite condition. Young buck in fair condition, one antler broken in trap. (continued) ------- TABLE 7. (Continued) ro ro I.D. D.S. H.6. C.M. J.T. D.G. J.G. C.G. M.M. Age Estimate 1-2 2 5-6 5-6 5-6 7-8 1 3-4 Weight Estimate Sex (kg) M 35 M 36 M 92 M 94 M 94 M 98 M 17 F 68 Date Captured 06/20 07/23 07/29 07/30 08/08 08/24 11/05 11/05 Location Area 12, Trapsite Area 12, Trapsite Area 12, Trapsite Area 12, Trapsite Echo Peak turnoff, Area 19 0.8 km south of Echo Peak substation, Area 19 Area 12, Trapsite Area 12, Trapsite Comments Young buck in fair condition. Young buck in fair condition, spike antlers. Large buck in good condition, 4x4 antlers. Large buck in good condition, 4x4 antlers. Large buck in good condition, 4x4 antlers. Large buck in good condition, 6x5 antlers. Small buck in good condition, spike antlers. Non-lactating doe in good H.M. 2-3 80 11/20 Area 12, Trapsite condition. Mature buck in good condition, 4x4 antlers. ------- ___ Summer Capture Areas •"""• Winter Areas \- \ /•' -A' YX ; 7 Figure 4. Mule Deer Capture and Wintering Areas, 1981. 23 ------- and in the foothills on the west and northern sides of Rainier Mesa. This is thought to be due to increased traffic and frequent rains that have resulted in drinking water being widely available. PUBLIC INFORMATION The offsite public information program continued by direct contact with ranchers, and by briefings of groups touring the EMSL-LV or the NTS Experimental Farm. During 1981, the objectives and findings of the AIP were presented to over 700 NTS visitors in 38 different tour groups. Approximately 200 additional drop-in visitors to the farm received informal briefings. "Big Sam," the rumen-fistulated steer, was a featured exhibit at the April 11 field day of the Nevada Cooperative Extension Services' Southern Nevada Field Laboratory in Logandale, Nevada. Approximately 100 people visited the exhibit and were briefed on the activities and findings of the AIP. INVESTIGATIONS There was one offsite livestock damage report during 1981. The sudden death of a goat kid in Rachel, Nevada, was investigated as the owners were concerned the death was related to the testing program. However, the cause of death was diagnosed as due to enterotoxemia. This was made on the basis of history and necropsy findings. 24 ------- DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES AREA 15 FARM The Area 15 farm, in addition to its major function as a research facility, also served as the field station for the NTS operations of the AIP. As such it provided the facilities for the maintenance of the horses, rumen-fistulated steers, and beef bulls; weaning of calves; and production of alfalfa hay. Lloyd Enterprises, a contractor, operated the farm, maintained the beef herd, and supplied support for studies conducted at the farm. On May 11, the electric motor of the irrigation well pump was short circuited from a lightning strike. The high cost of repairs ($75,000), the frequency of occurrence (motor and pump replaced in May 1980), and the infre- quent experimental use of the facilities in recent years led DOE officials to decide to decommission the farm as of December 31, 1981. As the farm workers and facilities provided required support for the AIP and as most NTS surveil- lance data provided by the AIP had been essentially negative in recent years, it was decided to discontinue all NTS AIP activities as of December 31, 1981. The only exception was the deer migration study which is to continue through 1983. During November and December, all farm equipment, supplies, and facili- ties were prepared for decommissioning. The entire farm was put into standby condition with only the slaughter facility occasionally used. The contract for farm operation with Lloyd Enterprises was terminated December 31, 1981. NTS BEEF HERD All animals of the beef herd were maintained on the Area 18 range until October 1981. While on the range, all animals subsisted on the native vegetation supplemented with cottonseed oil meal during the winter months. The herd was rounded up in May and October. At each roundup, all captured animals were identified, weighed, and sprayed for ectoparasites. Health problems were treated. Selected animals were removed from the herd for sacrifice or transfer. Following the October roundup, the entire herd was transported to Area 15 and subsequently 75 Hereford cattle, 5 Holstein heifers, and 12 goats were surplussed to the University of Nevada, Reno. The two saddle horses were transferred to the Corn Creek Station of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Wildlife Range. 25 ------- REFERENCES Black, S. C., R. F. Grossman, A. A. Mullen, G. D. Potter, D. D. Smith and J. L. Hopper. 1982. Offsite Environmental Monitoring Report: Radiation Monitoring around United States Nuclear Test Areas, Calender Year 1981. EPA-600/4-82-061, DOE/DP/00539-046 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. Ill pp. Brown, K. W. and B. J. Mason. 1968. Range Survey, Area 18, Nevada Test Site. SWRHL-52r. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 42 pp. Dillman, L. T. 1969. "Radionuclide decay schemes and nuclear parameters for use in radiation-dose estimation." Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee. J. Nucl. Med. Supplement No. 2. Fountain, E. L. 1961. Offsite Animal Investigation Project. Fourth Annual Report. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Nevada Operations Office, Las Vegas, Nevada. 32 pp. Giles, K. R. 1979. A summer trapping method for mule deer. EMSL-LV-0539-27. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 5 pp. Hagan, V. I. and G. Arrhenius. 1963. "Ion exchange in mixed solvent." Talanta 10:865. International Commission on Radiological Protection. 1959. Report of Committee II on Permissible Dose for Internal Radiation. ICRP Report No. 2. International Commission on Radiological Protection. 1968. Evaluation of Radiation Doses to Body Tissues from Internal Contamination Due to Occupational Exposure. ICRP Report No. 10. International Commission on Radiological Protection. 1977. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Report No. 26. v Johns, F. B., P. B. Hahn, D. J. Thome and E. W. Bretthauer. 1979. National Environmental Research Center - Las Vegas Handbook of Radiochemical Analytical Methods. EMSL-LV-539-17. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada 109 pp. 26 ------- Leavitt, V. D. 1970. Soil Survey of Area 18, Nevada Test Site. SWRHL-74. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 119 pp. Major. W. J., K. D. Lee, and R. A. Wessman. 1975. "Analysis of 239Pu and 241Am in NAEG Large-Sized Bovine Samples." NVO-153. In: The Radioecology of Plutonium and Other Transuranics in Desert Environments. M. G. White and P. B. Dunaway (eds.). U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Mitchell, R. F. 1960. "Electrodeposition of actinide elements at tracer concentrations." Anal. Chem. 32:326. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Radiation Protection Criteria. Report No. 39. 1971. Basic Scoggins, W. A. 1982. Environmental Surveillance Report for the Nevada Test Site (January 1981 through December 1981). DOE/NV/00410-67. Reynolds Electrical and Engineering Co., Inc. Las Vegas, Nevada. 181 pp. Smith, D. D. 1970. Management History of the AEC Beef Herd - 1 June 1964 - 1 June 1969. SWRHL-80r. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 26 pp. Smith, D. D. and K. R. Giles. 1970. Animal Investigation Program 1969 Annual Report. SWRHL-102r. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 20 pp. Smith, D. D. and K. R. Giles. 1974. Animal Investigation Program 1970 Annual Report. NERC-LV-539-16. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental Research Center, Las Vegas, Nevada. 53 pp. Smith, D. D. and K. R. Giles. 1975. 1971 Animal Investigation Program Annual Report. NERC-LV-539-20. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental Research Center, Las Vegas, Nevada. 39 pp. Smith, D. D., K. R. Giles, and D. E. Bernhardt. 1976. Animal Investigation Program 1972 Annual Report. NERC-LV-539-35. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental Research Center, Las Vegas, Nevada. 82 pp. Smith, D. D., K. R. Giles, and D. E. Bernhardt. 1977a. Animal Investigation Program 1973 Annual Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity. EMSL-LV-0539-3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 31 pp. Smith, D. D., K. R. Giles, D. E. Bernhardt, and K. W. Brown. 1977b. Animal Investigation Program 1974 Annual Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity. EMSL-LV-0539-10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 37 pp. 27 ------- Smith, D. D., K. R. Giles, D. E. Bernhardt, and K. W. Brown. 1978a. Animal Investigation Program 1975 Annual Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity. EMSL-LV-0539-14. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory. Las Vegas, Nevada. 48 pp. Smith, D. D., K. R. Giles, D. E. Bernhardt, and K. W. Brown. 1978b. Animal Investigation Program 1976 Annual Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity. EMSL-LV-0539-20. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. Ill pp. Smith, D. D., K. R. Giles, D. E. Bernhardt, A. B. Crockett, and R. R. Kinnison. 1979. Animal Investigation Program 1977 Annual Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity. EMSL-LV-0539-26. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 90 pp. Smith, D. D., D. E. Bernhardt, and K. R. Giles. 1980. Animal Investigation Program 1978 Annual Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity. EPA-600/3-80-096, DOE/DP/0059-038. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 65 pp. Smith, D. D., K. R. Giles, and D. E. Bernhardt. 1981. Animal Investigation Program 1979 Annual Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity. EPA-600/3-81-035, DOE/DP/00539-042. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 65 pp. Smith, D. D., K. R. Giles, and D. E. Bernhardt. 1982. Animal Investigation Program Annual Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity. EPA-600/3-82-077, DOE/DP00539-049. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 55 pp. Talvitie, N. A. 1971. "Radiochemical determination of plutonium in environmental and biological samples by ion exchange." Anal. Chem. 43:1827-1830. Talvitie, N. A. 1972. "Electrodeposition of actinides for alpha spectrometric determination." Anal. Chem. 44:280-282. U.S. Department of Energy. 1977. "Standards for Radiation Protection Manual." U.S. Department of Energy Transmittal Notice. Chapter 0524. Wish, L. and M. Rowel 1. 1956. Sequential Analysis of Tracer Amounts of Np, U, and Pu in Fission-Product Mixtures by Anion Exchange. USNRDL-TR-117. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory, San Francisco, California. 34 pp. 28 ------- LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES Table Page A-l Summary of Analytical Procedures and Minimum Detectable Activities 31 B-l Quality Assurance Results Spiked Samples 32 B-2 Quality Assurance Results Duplicate Samples 33 C-l Plutonium Concentrations in Lungs and Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes, Beef Cattle, Area 18, NTS, May 1981 34 C-2 Plutonium Concentrations in Muscles and Livers, Beef Cattle, Area 18, NTS, May 1981 36 C-3 Plutonium Concentrations in Gonads, Beef Cattle, Area 18, NTS, May 1981 38 C-4 Plutonium and Strontium Concentrations in Femurs, Beef Cattle, Area 18, NTS, May 1981 39 C-5 Gamma-Emitting Radionuclide and Tritium Concentrations in Selected Tissues, Beef Cattle, Area 18, NTS, May 1981 40 D-l Plutonium Concentrations in Lungs, Beef Cattle, Area 18, NTS, October 1981 41 D-2 Plutonium Concentrations in Muscles, Beef Cattle, Area 18, NTS, October 1981 42 D-3 Plutonium Concentrations in Livers, Beef Cattle, Area 18, NTS, October 1981 43 D-4 Plutonium Concentrations in Gonads, Beef Cattle, Area 18, NTS, October 1981 44 D-5 Plutonium and Strontium Concentrations in Femurs, Beef Cattle, Area 18, NTS, October 1981 45 D-6 Gamma-Emitting Radionuclide and Tritium Concentrations in Selected Tissues, Beef Cattle, Area 18, NTS, October 1981 ... 47 E-l Plutonium Concentrations in Muscles and Lungs, Mule Deer, NTS, 1981 49 29 ------- Table Page E-2 Plutonium Concentrations in Liver and Rumen Contents, Mule Deer, NTS, 1981 50 E-3 Plutonium and Strontium Concentrations in Hock Bones, Mule Deer, NTS, 1981 51 E-4 Gamma-Emitting Radionuclide and Tritium Concentrations in Selected Tissues, Mule Deer, NTS, 1981 52 E-5 Gamma-Emitting Radionuclide and Tritium Concentrations in Rumen Contents, Mule Deer, NTS, 1981 53 F-l Plutonium and Strontium Concentrations in Hock Bones, Desert Big Horn Sheep, 1981 54 F-2 Gamma-Emitting Radionuclide and Tritium Concentrations in Kidneys, Desert Bighorn Sheep, 1981 56 G-l Plutonium, Strontium, and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclide Concentrations in Selected Tissues, NTS Horse, 1981 57 H-l Plutonium, Strontium, Tritium, and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclide Concentrations in Selected Tissues, Chukar, NTS, 1981 58 1-1 Plutonium, Strontium, and Gamma-Emitting Radionuclide Concentrations in Selected Tissues, Goat, 1981 59 J-l Gross and Microscopic Pathology Found in Necropsied Animals, 1981 60 30 ------- TABLE A-l. SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES AND MINIMUM DETECTABLE ACTIVITIES Type of Analysis Gamma Spectrom- etry 89-90Sr Counting Period Analytical Equipment (m1n) Lithium-drifted germanium or 1,200 high purity germanium detectors calibrated at approximately 0.5 KeV per channel input to 4096 channels resident In the core of the Nuclear Data 6620 computer- based gamma spectrometry system. Low-background thin-window, gas- 200 flow proportional counter with a 2.54-cm diameter window (900 ng/cm2). Sample Analytical Procedures Size Radionuclide concentrations 300-rol quant Itated from gamma spec- aluminum trum by Nuclear Data 6620 cans computer-based gamma spectrom- etry system using vendor supplied software. Chemical separation by Sr 10 g of (N03)-> precipitation and ash Fe(HO}3 scavenge 89-9°Sr was counted as SrC03. 9"Sr was determined by 9^Y counting. Purity was checked by two successive counts at 14-day intervals for 89-90sr and 3 separate counts at 24- hour Intervals for 9^Y. Minimum Detectable Activities (pCi /total sample)* For: 54Mn, 137f«: ,or^S» For: !25Sb, For: 65Zn For: 18IM - For: 7Be - For: 89Sr - 90Sr . 60rQ 95Zr 103Ru> iSSfe. 13li, 134,, HOfia - 7 pCi 1 Ce, - 30 pCi 106Ru,'144Ce - 20 pCi 85 pCi 45 pCi .5 pCi .3 pd 3H Automatic liquid scintillation 200 counter with output printer. 238 - Alpha spectrometer with silicon 1,000 239pu surface barrier detectors operated in vacuum chambers. Sample prepared by distillation. Ash sample is digested with acid, purified by ion exchange, electroplated on stainless steel planchet, and counted by alpha spectrometer. 5 ml 0.4 pCi/ml H20 0.1-1 kg For all isotopes - 0.04 pCi wet weight 1-10 g of ash *The minimum detectable activities in terms of total activity per sample for standard geometries and counting times are defined as those activities which equal 3.29 times the standard deviation based on counting only [Environmental Measurements Laboratory (EML-formerly HASL) Procedures Manual, HASL-300, pages D-08-02 through D-08-06, August 1974]. These values are approximations and are applicable to ideal conditions and simple complexes of nudldes. Complex spectra or spectra showing naturally occurring radionuclldes can raise the minimum detectable activities considerably. ------- TABLE B-l. QUALITY ASSURANCE RESULTS, SPIKED SAMPLES Sample and Shipment No. 221248 16 221249 16 221413 20 221414 20 221415 20 221416 20 221448 25 221449 25 Activity Added (pCi/g Ash) - Bone Nuclide (pCi/kg)* - Muscle 239Pu 90Sr 239Pu 90Sr 90Sr 90Sr 90Sr 90Sr 90Sr 90Sr Bone Ash 0.055 7.3 0.0 0.0 1.58 1.69 1.62 1.85 0.0 7.87 Activity Reported (pCi/g Ash) - Bone (pCi/kg)* - Muscle 0.077 + 5.6 _+ 0.0063 + 1.4 + 3.02 + 3.04 + 3.03 + 2.82 + 1.95 + 9.21 + 0.017 0.75 0.0089 0.75 0.42 0.43 0.42 0.395 0.271 1.23 Percent Bias** -29 +42 - -15 -19 -16 -38 — -8 * Wet Weight /x.\ ** Bias (B) = Recovery -1; Recovery is average recovery ( —J \u / where x-j = net activity reported u = activity added 32 ------- TABLE B-2. QUALITY ASSURANCE RESULTS DUPLICATE SAMPLES Animal No./ Tissue Type #5 Muscle #5 Muscle duplicate #11 Muscle #11 Muscle duplicate #5 Bone #5 Bone duplicate #11 Bone #11 Bone duplicate * Wet weiqht ** Precision (Cv) = Nuclide 239Pu 239PU 239pu 239Pu 9°Sr 90Sr 9°Sr 9°Sr , /(xi - x2n \ xi + x'2 / Activity Reported (pCi/kq - muscles)* Precision of (pCi/q ash - bone) Analysis** 0.049 0.12 0.74 0.035 0.016 0.66 1.6 3.2 -0.59 1.9 1.9 0.0 x where X} = first value 1-128 x,, = second value The formulas for 95% confidence interval limits: L upper = XT (1 + B + 2CV) L lower = x, (1 + B - 2CV) 33 ------- TABLE C-l. PLUTONIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN LUNGS AND TRACHEOBRONCHIAL LYMPH NODES, BEEF CATTLE, AREA 18, NTS, MAY 1981 Animal Number 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) Ash (pCi/kg)* (%) Lungs 1 2 3 4 Median Range #1 Fetus 1 2 3 4 0.009 + 0.11 + 0.00062 + 0.005 + 0.011 + 0.10 + 0.019 + 0.24 + 0.01 0.11 0.009 ; 0.11 0.0029** 0.023** 0.014** 0.13** 0.0059 0.075 0.00062**-0.019 0.005**-0.24 -0.0017 + -0.02 + 0.02 + 1.2 + 0.0 + 0.0 + -0.0097 + -0.39 + 0.12 + 3.6 T 0.0056** 0.067** Tracheobronchial 0.055** 3.2** 0.0078** 0.3 0.045** 1.8** 0.12 3.6 0.12 1.4 0.071 0.57 0.12 1.1 0.26 3.4 0.12 1.3 0.071-0 0.57-3. 0.20 0.017 Lymph Nodes 0.17 9.9 0.23 8.7 0.4 16.0 2.0 59.0 + 0.019 + 0.23 1.2 + 0.015 + 0.12 0.8 + 0.024 + 0.21 0.9 + 0.035 + 0.44 1.3 1.0 .26 4 0.8-1.3 + 0.22** + 0.018** + 0.071 ±4.2 5.8 + 0.088 + 3.4 3.6 + 0.13 + 5.3 4.0 + 0.28 + 8.4 3.0 (continued) 34 ------- TABLE C-l. (Continued) 238Pu 239Pu Animal (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/g Ash) Ash Number (pCi/kg)* (pCi/kg)* Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes Median 0.01** 0.31 0.6** 13.0 3.8 Range -0.0097**-0.12 0.17-2.0 -0.39**-3.6 8.7-59.0 3.0-5. * Wet Weight ** Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity 35 ------- TABLE C-2. PLUTONIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN MUSCLES AND LIVERS, BEEF CATTLE, AREA 18, NTS, MAY 1981 Animal Number 1 2 3 4 Median Range #1 Fetus 1 2 3 4 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* Muscles 0.00032 + 0.0015** 0.0037 + 0.017** 0.0038 + 0.005** 0.041 + 0.055** 0.0031 + 0.0044** 0.035 _+ 0.051** 0.0054 + 0.0087** 0.054 + 0.087** 0.0035** 0.038** 0.00032**-0.0054** 0.0037**-0.054** 0.0022 + 0.0059** 0.033 + 0.089** Livers 0.003 + 0.0073** 0.041 + 0.098** 0.0032 + 0.0061** 0.042 + 0.082** 0.005 + 0.0064** 0.06 + 0.077** 0.015 + 0.019** 0.21 + 0.26** 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) Ash (pCi/kg)* (%) 0.026 0.3 0.044 0.48 0.013 1.15 0.037 0.37 0.0315 0.335 0.013-0 0.15-0. 0.016 0.24 0.083 1.1 0.047 0.63 0.027 0.32 0.044 0.61 + 0.0065 + 0.075 1.2 + 0.0097 + 0.11 1.1 + 0.0039 + 0.046 1.2 + 0.012 _+ 0.12 1.0 1.15 .044 48 1.0-1.2 + 0.016 + 0.25** 1.5 + 0.026 + 0.34 1.3 + 0.013 ±0.17 1.3 + 0.007 + 0.083 1.2 + 0.016 ± 0.23 1.4 (continued) 36 ------- TABLE C-2. (Continued) An i ma 1 Number 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* Ash Li vers Median Range #1 Fetus 0.0041** 0.051** 0.003**-0.015** 0.0.041**-0.21** 0.0006 + 0.0028** 0.0089 + 0.042** 0.055 0.61 0.027-0 0.32-1. 0.036 0.53 .083 1 + 0.0099 + 0.15 1.3 1.2-1.4 1.5 * Wet Weight ** Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity 37 ------- TABLE C-3. PLUTONIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN GONADS, BEEF CATTLE, AREA 18, NTS, MAY 1981 Animal Number 1 2 3 4 Median Range 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* -0.013 + 0.02** -0.8 +_ 1.2** 0.009 + 0.03** 0.45 + 1.5** -0.0057 + 0.026** -0.25 + 1.2** -0.015 + 0.068** -0.49 + 2.3** -0.014** -0.37** -0.0057**-0.009** -0.8**-0.45** 239Pu (pCi/q Ash) Ash (pCi/kg)* (%) 0.067 + 0.082** 4.0 + 4.9** 6.0 0.032 + 0.056** 1.6 + 2.8** 5.0 0.085 + 0.1** 3.8 +_ 4.6** 4.4 0.011 + 0.029** 0.36 + 0.98** 3.3 0.0485** 2.7** 4.7 0.011**-0.085** 0.36**-4.0** 3.3-6.0 * Wet Weight ** Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity 38 ------- TABLE C-4. PLUTONIUM AND STRONTIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN FEMURS, BEEF CATTLE, AREA 18, NTS, MAY, 1981 CO 238Pu Animal (pCi/g Ash) Number (pCi/kg)* 1 0.0016 0.45 2 -0.0029 -0.51 3 -0.0019 -0.35 4 -0.0043 -1.0 + 0.0044** + 1.2** + 0.0091** + 2.4** + 0.009** + 1.6** + 0.02** + 4.8** Median -0.0024** -0.43** Range -0.0043**-0.0016** -1.0**-0.45** #1 Fetus -0.00055 -0.0037 + 0.00026** + 0.017** 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.0022 + 0.6 + 0.0058 + 1.5 + -0.001 + -0.17 + 0.0059 + 1.4 + 0.004** 1.0** -0.001**-0 -0.17**-1. 0.005 + 0.33 + 0.0051** 1.4** 0.0091** 2.4** 0.0045** 0.81** 0.0084** 2.0** .0059** 5** 0.0079** 0.52** 89Sr (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 1.8 + 4.5** 490.0 + 1200.0** 4.9 + 5.8** 1300*. 0 T 150o!o** -0.65 + 8.9** -120.0 +_ 1600.0** 2.1 + 3.8** 500.0 +_ 900.0** 1.95** 495.0** -0.65**-4.9** -120.0**-1300.0** NA 90Sr (pCi/g Ash) Ash (pCi/kg)* (%) 1.8 + 0.25 490.0 + 70.0 28 2.1 + 0.29 550.0 + 77.0 26 2.3 + 0.41 410.0 + 74.0 18 1.3 + 0.19 300.0 _+ 45.0 24 1.95 450.0 25 1.3-2.3 300.0-550.0 18.0-28.0 NA 6.6 *Wet Weight **Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity ------- TABLE C-5. GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDE AND TRITIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN SELECTED TISSUES, BEEF CATTLE, AREA 18, NTS, MAY 1981 Muslces Animal K(g/kg)* Number 137Cs(pCi/kg)* 1 2 3 4 Median Range #1 Fetus 7.2 + 0.35 35.0 _+ 15.0 6.9 + 0.31 48.0 + 13.0 6.3 + 0.34 65.0 + 13.0 6.3 + 0.3 36.0 _+ 12.0 6.6 42 6.3-7.2 35-65 4.9 + 0.26 36.0 + 9.9 Lungs Livers K(9/kg)* K(g/kg)* Thyroids 137Cs(pCi/kg)* 137Cs(pCi/kg)* K(g/kg)* 7.1 + 0.65 <64 7.9 + 0.48 <45 6.7 + 0.6 <47 2.3 + 0.43 690.0 + 220.0 6.9 <56 2.3-7.9 <45-690 2.8 + 1.9 <25 6.5 + 0.32 2.6 + 1.7 <27 5.4 + 0.31 GSN <30 5.4 + 0.29 5.0 + 2.9 <26 5.3 + 0.27 GSN 22.0 +8.5 5.4 GSN <27 5.3-6.5 GSN-5.0 22-<30 4.0 + 0.3 50.0 +_ 12.0 NA Kidneys K(g/kg)* 137Cs(pCi/kg)* 5.4 + 0.29 31.0 + 14.0 2.7 + 0.29 36.0 + 14.0 5.4 + 0.31 36.0 + 13.0 5.7 + 0.31 26.0 _+ 13.0 5.4 33.5 2.7-5.7 26-36 NA Blood 3H(pCi/L) <310 <310 <310 <310 <310 <310 NA * Wet Weight GSN = Gamma Spectrum Negligible NA = Not Analyzed ------- TABLE D-l. PLUTONIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN LUNGS, BEEF CATTLE, AREA 18, NTS, OCTOBER 1981 Animal Number 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Median Range — — . — 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.021 + 0.0053 0.23 _+ 0.059 0.025 + 0.0053 0.23 + 0.051 0.013 + 0.0046 0.13 + 0.046 0.014 + 0.0043 0.14 + 0.043 0.0058 + 0.0066** 0.058 _+ 0.066** 0.024 + 0.007 0.28 + 0.084 0.007 + 0.0076** 0.076 + 0.083** 0.0086 + 0.00035 0.087 + 0.036 0.01 + 0.0035 0.11 +0.039 0.0057 + 0.0075** 0.058 +_ 0.076** 0.012 0.12 0.0057**-0.025 0.058**-0.28 " 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.8 +0.1 8.9 +_ 1.1 0.49 + 0.052 4.7 +0.5 0.20 + 0.026 2.0 + 0.26 0.16 + 0.021 1.6 + 0.21 0.023 + 0.0059 0.23 + 0.059 0.22 + 0.036 2.6 + 0.43 0.35 + 0.042 3.8 +_ 0.45 0.07 + 0.012 0.71 +_ 0.12 0.27 + 0.03 3.0 + 0.33 0.028 + 0.0077 0.29 + 0.079 0.21 2.3 0.023-0.8 0.23-8.9 Ash (%) 1.1 0.95 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.95-1.2 Error exceeds Reported Activity 41 ------- TABLE D-2. PLUTONIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN MUSCLES, BEEF CATTLE, AREA 18, NTS, OCTOBER 1981 Animal Number 5 Duplicate #5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Duplicate #11 12 13 14 Median Range 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.0013 + 0.0029** 0.0099 + 0.023** 0.00 + 0.0038** 0.00 _+ 0.042** -0.00046 + 0.0021** -0.005 + 0.023** 0.00059 + 0.002** 0.0067 + 0.022** 0.0027 + 0.0048** 0.022 + 0.039** 0.0012 + 0.0027** 0.012 + 0.028** 0.0012 + 0.0032** 0.012 + 0.033** -0.0004 + 0.0019** -0.0044 + 0.02** 0.003 + 0.0058** 0.023 + 0.045** 0.00 + 0.0019** 0.00 + 0.018** 0.0022 + 0.0061** 0.019 + 0.053** 0.0024 + 0.0066** 0.017 + 0.047** 0.0012** 0.011** -0.00046**-0.003** -0.005**-0.023** 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.0062 + 0.0069** 0.049 _+ 0.054** 0.011 + 0.015** 0.12 + 0.18** 0.0028 + 0.0054** 0.03 + 0.058** 0.003 + 0.0045** 0.033 + 0.05** 0.0019 + 0.004** 0.015 +_ 0.033** 0.0015 + 0.0027** 0.012 +_ 0.028** 0.0024 + 0.0046** 0.024 + 0.047** 0.0032 + 0.0054** 0.035 + 0.059** 0.002 + 0.0047** 0.016 + 0.0036** 0.016 + 0.0056 0.16 + 0.054 0.0037 + 0.008** 0.032 +_ 0.068** 0.0048 + 0.0094** 0.035 + 0.068** 0.0031** 0.032** 0.0015**-0.016 0.012**-0. 16 Ash (%) 0.79 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.81 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.77 0.96 0.86 0.72 0.98 0.72-1.1 * Wet Weight ** Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity 42 ------- TABLE D-3. PLUTONIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN LIVERS, BEEF CATTLE, AREA 18, NTS, OCTOBER 1981 Animal Number 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Median Range 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.012 + 0.013** 0.13 + 0.13** 0.003 + 0.0042** 0.036 + 0.051** 0.00 + 0.0027** 0.00 + 0.029** 0.0026 + 0.0054** 0.041 + 0.088** -0.00029 + 0.0014** -0.0047 _+ 0.021** 0.0092 + 0.013** 0.061 +_ 0.086** 0.0022 + 0.006** 0.027 +_ 0.073** 0.0021 + 0.0071** 0.025 + 0.084** 0.011 + 0.016** 0.12 + 0.18** 0.0073 + 0.016** 0.089 + 0.2** 0.0028** 0.0385** -0.00029**-0.012** -0.0047**-0.13** 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.15 + 0.03 1.5 + 0.31 0.046 + 0.0089 0.55 +_ 0.11 0.073 + 0.02 0.79 + 0.21 0.04 + 0.012 0.64 +_ 0.19 0.029 + 0.0068 0.46 _+ 0.11 0.086 + 0.022 0.57 + 0.14 0.11 + 0.028 1.3 _+ 0.34 0.081 + 0.025 0.96 + 0.29 0.21 + 0.056 2.3 +_ 0.62 0.0023 + 0.0027** 0.028 +_ 0.033** 0.077 0.715 0.0023**-0.21 0.028**-2.3 Ash (X) 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.6 0.66 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.66-1.6 * Wet Wei ght ** Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity 43 ------- TABLE D-4. PLUTONIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN GONADS, BEEF CATTLE, AREA 18, NTS, OCTOBER 1981 Animal Number 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Median Range 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.18 + 0.23** 1.1 + 1.5** 0.00 + 0.09** 0.00 + 0.3** 0.15 + 0.36** 0.65 _+ 1.5** 0.077 + 0.25** 0.37 + 1.2** 0.023 + 0.063** 0.19 +_ 0.52** -0.004 + 0.019** -0.041 +_ 0.19** 0.12 + 0.31** 1.2 + 3.1** 0.14 + 0.24** 1.4 + 2.4** 0.014 + 0.021** 0.15 + 0.21** -0.0081 + 0.038** -0.079 + 0.36** 0.05** 0.28** -0.0081**-0.18** -0.079**-!. 4** 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.064 + 0.14** 0.41 + 0.85** -0.019 + 0.09** -0.064 + 0.3** 0.12 + 0.31** 0.45 _+ 1.3** 0.5 + 0.66** 2.4 + 3.2** 0.023 + 0.063** 0.19 _+ 0.52** -0.001 + 0.0047** -0.01 + 0.048** 0.15 + 0.36** 1.5 + 3.6** 0.077 + 0.18** 0.77 _+ 1.8** 0.048 + 0.017 0.49 + 0.17 0.0068 + 0.014** 0.066 + 0.14** 0.056** 0.43** -0.019**-0. 5** -0.064**-2.4** Ash (%) 0.63 0.33 0.42 0.48 0.83 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.97 0.9 0.33-1.0 * Wet Weight ** Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity 44 ------- TABLE D-5. PLUTONIUM AND STRONTIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN FEMURS, BEEF CATTLE, AREA 18, NTS, OCTOBER 1981 Animal Number 5 Duplicate #5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Duplicate #11 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. -0. -0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0. -0. 00076 + 19 + 00058 + 24 + 0013 + 39 +_ 00 + 00 +_ 0042 + 2 + 00055 + 11 + 00034 + 078 +_ 00084 + 18 + 0004 + 14 +_ 0.0025** 0.61** 0.0027** 0.11** 0.0034** 1.0** 0.0022** 0.63** 0.0067** 1.9** 0.0025** 0. 53** 0.0016** 0.36** 0.002** 0.42** 0.0018** 0.65** 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.051 + 13.0 +_ 0.029 + 11.0 + 0.0013 + 0.39 + 0.011 + 3.1 +_ 0.014 + 3.8 + 0.00053 + 0.11 + 0.0036 + 0.84 + 0.0066 + 1.4 + -0.0016 + -0.56 + 0.011 2.6 0.0091 3.7 0.0034** 1.0** 0.011** 3.2** 0.0054 1.5 0.0018** 0.37** 0.0052** 1.2** 0.0024 0.52 0.0075** 0.29** 89Sr (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 14.0 3500.0 -6.8 -2700.0 -8.5 -2600.0 -7.8 -2200.0 6.8 1900.0 1.4 280.0 -3.9 -910.0 -1.8 -390.0 -1.7 -580.0 + 7 + 7 + + + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + + + 7 5.4 1300.0 24.0** 9600.0** 26.0** 8000.0** 37.0** 11000.0** 21.0** 5800.0** 13.0** 2700.0** 13.0** 3000.0** 12.4** 2700.0** 13.0** 4500.0** 90Sr (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 1.6 + 390.0 + 3.2 + 1300.0 + 3.2 + 980.0 + 4.8 + 1400.0 ± 2.4 + 670.0 + 2.1 + 430.0 + 2.1 + 490.0 + 1.9 + 410.0 + 1.9 + 660.0 +_ 0.22 50.0 0.46 190.0 0.46 140.0 0.7 210.0 0.35 98.0 0.3 62.0 0.3 69.0 0.28 60.0 0.27 930.0 Ash f Of \ \ *® J 24.5 40.5 30.6 29.0 27.9 20.9 23.2 21.4 34.5 (continued) ------- TABLE D-5. (Continued) Animal Number 12 13 14 Median Range 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.00025 + 0.0012** 0.038 _+ 0.18** -0.00067 + 0.0031** -0.17 _+ 0.77** -0.00083 + 0.0038** -0.23 _+ 1.1** 0.000295** 0.058** -0.0008**-0.0042** -0.23**-1.2** 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.0044 + 0.0052** 0.74 + 0.78 0.0056 + 0.0065** 1.4 + 1.6** 0.0016 + 0.0031** 0.45 +_ 0.86** 0.0053** 1.12** -0.0016**-0.051 -0.56**-13.0 89Sr (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* -0.97 + 13.0** -150.0 + 1900.0** -2.5 + 18.0** -620.0 + 4500.0** -5.4 + 19.0** -1500.0 +_ 5300.0** -1.75** -435.00** -8. 5**-14.0 -2700.0**-3500.0 90Sr (pCi/g Ash) Ash (pCi/kg)* (%) 2.0 + 0.29 300.0+ 44.0 15.0 2.7 + 0.38 670.0+ 93.0 24.6 3.0 + 0.40 810.0 + 110.0 27.4 2.25 665.0 26.0 1.6-4.8 300.0-1400.0 15.0-40.5 * Wet Weight ** Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity ------- TABLE D-6. GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDE AND TRITIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN SELECTED TISSUES, BEEF CATTLE, AREA 18, NTS, OCTOBER 1981 Muscles Animal K(g/kg)* Number 13/Cs(pCi/kg)* 5 4.8 25.0 6 4.0 25.0 7 4.8 15.0 8 3.8 55.0 9 4.2 19.0 10 4.7 21.0 11 4.9 41.0 12 5.1 13 5.2 + 0. + 16. + 0. +_ 10. + 0. + 12. + 0. + 15. + 0. + 14. + 0. + 16. + 0. + 16. + 0. <28 ± °- 38 0 31 0 29 0 36 0 3 0 4 0 39 0 33 42 Li vers Lungs K(g/kg)* K(g/kg)* 137Cs(pCi/kg)* 1.9 +_ 0.47 3. 2.3 + 0.52 3. 2.1 + 0.53 3. 2.1 + 0.47 3. 3.2 JH 0.48 4. 3.8 + 0.64 3. 5.3 + 0.63 3. 3.8 + 0.75 3. 2.5 + 0.34 3. 27. 6 + <25 5 + <25 4 + <25 9 + <28 1 + <25 3 + <25 3 + <25 7 + <27 4 + 0 + 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 14. 38 31 29 35 21 29 27 28 28 0 Kidneys K(g/kg)* 137Cs(pCi/kg)* 2. 29. 3. 16. 2. 31. 3. 27. 3. 3. 23. 3. 2. 31. 0 + 0.26 <27 <3.4 0 + 15.0 0 + 0.28 0 + 10.0 6 + 0.33 0 + 15.0 5 + 0.34 0+14.0 5 + 0.35 <28 0 + 0.32 0 + 15.0 0 + 0.29 <29 8 + 0.29 0 + 11.0 0, 490 1900 520 1. 0. 670 0. 540 640 0. 600 Blood K(g/kg)* 3H(pCi/L)* .94 + 0 + 290 GSN + 320 GSN ± 290 9+0. <450 69 + 0. +_ 290 74 + 0. <450 GSN +_ 290 GSN HH 290 99 + 0. + 290 .26 26 34 25 27 (continued) ------- TABLE D-6. (Continued) 00 Animal Number 14 Median Range Muscles . K(g/kg)* 137Cs(pCi/kg)* 4.9 + 0.31 21.0 + 9.9 4.8 25 3.8-5.2 15-55 Livers Lungs K(g/kg)* K(g/kg)* 137Cs(pCi/kg)* 3.4 + 0.38 3.8 + 0.38 <25 2.9 3.55 <25 1.9-5.3 3.3-4.1 <25-<28 Kidneys K(g/kg)* 137Cs(pCi/kg)* Sample Lost 3.0 <29 2.0-3.5 16-31 Blood K(g/kg)* 3H(pCi/L)* 0.81 + 0.23 <450 0.72 530 GSN-1.9 <450-1900 * Wet Weight GSN = Gamma Spectrum Negligible ------- TABLE E-l. PLUTONIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN MUSCLES AND LUNGS MULE DEER, NTS, 1981 Animal Number 1 2 3 4 Median Range 1 2 3 4 Median Range 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.0094 + 0.015** 0.11 + 0.18** 0.0004 + 0.0019** 0.0041 + 0.019** 0.0014 + 0.0033** 0.013 + 0.03** 0.0015 + 0.0036** 0.019 + 0.044** 0.00145 0.016 0.0004**-0.0094** 0.0041**-0.11** 0.00 + 0.0045** 0.00 +_ 0.048** 0.00 + 0.0017** 0.00 + 0.017** 0.0027 + 0.0064** 0.031 +_ 0.072** -0.00061 + 0.0024** -0.0075 +_ 0.035** 0.00** 0.00** -0.00061** -0.0075**-0.031** 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* Muscles 0.0042 + 0.0099** 0.05 +_ 0.12** 0.008 + 0.0087** 0.082 + 0.089** 0.0007 + 0.0023** 0.0064 + 0.021** 0.0019 + 0.004** 0.024 + 0.05** 0.003 0.037 0.0007**-0.008** 0.0064**-0.082** Lungs 0.0068 + 0.012** 0.072 + 0.13** 0.011 + 0.0042 0.11 + 0.042 0.012 + 0.014** 0.13 +_ 0.15** 0.011 + 0.012** 0.14 +_ 0.15** 0.011** 0.12** 0.0068**-0.012** 0.072**-0. 14** Ash (X) 1.2 1.0 0.92 1.2 1.1 0.92-1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0-1.2 * Wet Weight ** Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity 49 ------- TABLE 1-2. PLUTONIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN LIVER AND RUMEN CONTENTS MULE DEER, NTS, 1981 Animal Number 1 2 3 4 Median Range 1 2 3 4 Median Range 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.025 + 0.054** 0.35 + 0.76** 0.0017 + 0.0033** 0.026 +_ 0.05** 0.011 + 0.023** 0.043 +_ 0.091** 0.00 + 0.0054** 0.00 _+ 0.066** 0.0064 0.035 0.00**-0.025** 0.00**-0.35** Rumen 0.018 + 0.0045** 0.33 + 0.048** 0.044 + 0.0017** 1.2 +_ 0.017** 0.051 + 0.0064** 1.1 + 0.072** 0.038 + 0.0024** 0.7 + 0.035** 0.041 0.9 0.018-0.051 0.33-1.2 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) Ash (pCi/kg)* (%) Liver 0.015 + 0.041** 0.21 + 0.58** 1.4 0.0067 + 0.0028 0.11 _+ 0.044 1.6 0.27 + 0.059 1.1 + 0.24 0.4 0.0058 + 0.012** 0.07 + 0.15** 1.2 0.011** 0.155** 1.3 0.0058**-0.27 0.07**-1.1 0.4-1.6 Contents 0.081 + 0.017 1.5 + 0.3 1.8 0.30 + 0.032 8.0 + 0.85 2.6 0.21 + 0.032 4.6+0.7 2.2 0.16 + 0.024 3.0 + 0.44 1.8 0.185 3.8 2.4 0.081-0.3 1.5-8.0 1.8-2.6 * Wet Weight ** Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity 50 ------- TABLE E-3. PLUTONIUM AND STRONTIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN HOCK BONES, MULE DEER, NTS, 1981 Animal Number 1 2 3 4 Median Range 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* -0. -0. 0. 3. -0. -0. -0. -0. -0. -0. -0. -0. 00052 + 15 + Oil + 2 + 00051 + 17 + 00056 + 21 + 00052** 19** 0.0024** 0.67** 0.015** 4.2** 0.0023** 0.8** 0.0026** 0. 94** 00056**-0.011** 21**-3.2** 0. 3. 0. 2. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* Oil + 2 +_ 0079 + 2 + 001 + 34 + 0022 + 79 +_ 005** 3** 001**-0 34**-3. 0.012** 3.4** 0.012** 3.5** 0.0033** 1.1** 0.0051** 1.9** .011** 2** (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 5 1500 1 450 2 900 5 2100 4 1200 .2 + .0 + .6 + .0 + .7 + .0 + .8 + .0 + .0** .0** 1.5 450.0 2.6** 730.0** 8.0** 2700.0** 10.0** 3600.0** 1.6**- 5. 8** 450.0**-2100.0** (pCi/g Ash) Ash (pCi/kg)* (%) 1.8 + 500.0 + 1.7 + 470.0 + 1.8 + 610.0 +_ 1.1 + 390.0 + 1.75 485.0 1.1-1.8 390.0-610. 0.24 70.0 28 0.23 65.0 28 0.26 0.86 33.6 0.17 62.0 37 30.3 0 28.0-37.0 * Wet Weight ** Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity ------- TABLE E-4. GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDE AND TRITIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN SELECTED TISSUES, MULE DEER, NTS, 1981 en An i ma 1 Number 1 2 3 4 Median Range Muscles .„ K(g/kg)* 137Cs(pCi/kg)* 3H(pCi/L)** <42 23.0 + 15.0 NA 5.8 + 0.3 28.0 + 13.0 NA 4.2 + 0.33 <27 NA 3.4 + 0.3 <26 2.4 x 106 + 4.2 x 103 5.0 <265 3.4-<42 23-28 2.4 x 106 Livers . K(g/kg)* Lungs 137Cs(pCi/kg)* K(g/kg)* 3H(pCi/L)** 5.3 + 0.55 4.8 + 0.34 <29 NA 6.3 + 0.48 5.6 + 0.29 27.0 + 12.0 NA 3.7 + 0.47 3.3 + 0.3 <25 NA 2.4 + 0.52 3.9 + 0.34 <26 2.2 x 106 + 3.6 x 103 4.5 4.35 <265 2.4-6.3 3.3-5.6 <25-<29 2.2 x 106 Kidney .,7 K(g/kg)* 137Cs(pCi/kg)* 3H(pCi/L)** 81.0 + 0.79 <78 450.0 + 250.0 6.7 + 0.44 67.0 + 19.0 8.8 x 106 + 7.4 x 103 3.3 + 0.46 22.0 + 15.0 <370 5.5 + 1.0 110.0 + 44.0 1.1 x 106 + 3.3 x 103 6.1 <73 4.4 x 106 3.3-81 22-110 <370-8.8 x 106 * Wet Weight ** Tissue Water NA = Not Analyzed ------- TABLE E-5. GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDE AND TRITIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN RUMEN CONTENTS, MULE DEER, NTS, 1981 Animal K 3H Number (g/kg)* (pCi/L)** 1 5.1+0.32 NA 2 13.0+0.74 NA S3 4.3+0.37 NA 4 3.7 + 0.35 2.2 x 106 4.1 x 103 Median 5.7 Range 3.7-13.0 2.2 x 106 7Be (pCi/kg)* 370 +_ 130 <167 1300 _+ 460 620 _+ 190 545 <167-1300 95Nb 95Zr 103Ru 137Cs 141Ce (pCi/kg)* (pCi/kg)* (pCi/kg)* (pCi/kg)* (pCi/kg)* 310 +_ 250 130 + 29 43 + 16 32 -f 12 42 + 19 130 +_ 210 <26 <26 97 +_ 14 <110 <30 <30 <30 <30 <130 70 _+ 32 <30 <30 31 + 18 <130 100 <30 <30 31.5 <120 <30-310 <26-130 <26-43 <30-97 42-<130 144Ce (pCi/kg)* 140 + 76 <74 <87 270 _+ 82 <110 <74-270 * Wet Weight ** Tissue Water NA = Not Analyzed ------- TABLE F-l. PLUTONIUM AND STRONTIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN HOCK BONES, DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP, 1981 tn 238Pu Animal (pCi/g Ash) Number (pCi/kg)* 1 0.0012 0.40 2 0.00098 0.47 3 0.0015 0.67 4 -0.00044 -0.18 5 -0.00051 -0.064 6 -0.00074 -0.21 7 0.0028 -1.2 8 0.002 0.7 9 0.0053 1.8 10 -0.00087 -0.27 + 0.0025** + 0.84** + 0.0023** + 1.1** + 0.0028** + 1.3** + 0.0015** + 0.59** + 0.0017** + 0.21** + 0.0024** _+ 0.7** + 0.0067** +_ 2.8** + 0.0066** + 2.3** + 0.0085** + 2.8** + 0.004** +_ 1.3** 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.0013 4.3 0.00049 0.23 0.0005 0.22 -0.00044 -0.18 -0.00051 -0.064 0.0033 0.95 0.0035 1.5 0.00 0.00 0.0018 0.59 -0.00029 -0.09 + T + T + T + T + T + T + T + 7 + T + T 0.00038 1.3 0.0016** 0.77** 0.0017** 0.73** 0.0015** 0.59** 0.0017** 0.21** 0.0052** 1.5** 0.0075** 3.2** 0.0047** 1.6** 0.59** 16.0** 0.0013** 0.42** 89Sr (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* -2.6 -870.0 -0.23 -110.0 -3.0 -1400.0 -1.4 -550.0 0.74 92.0 1.9 550.0 -2.4 -1000.0 -2.4 840.0 -4.9 -1600.0 -3.8 -1200.0 + 17. + 550. + 13. ^ 6300. + 33. + 15000. + 12. _+ 4900. + 3. i 560. + 15. +. 4300. + 18. + 7500. + 18. _+ 6500. + 21. ± 6800. + 10. + 3300. 0** 0** 0** 0** 0** 0** 0** 0** 7** 0** 0** 0** 0** 0** 5** 0** 0** 0** 5** 0** 90Sr (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 2.0 650.0 1.8 850.0 4.7 2100.0 1.8 720.0 0.77 96.0 3.0 860.0 2.2 930.0 2.6 910.0 2.8 940.0 1.3 410.0 + + + T + T + T + T + T + T + T + T + T 0.28 90.0 0.26 120.0 0.64 290.0 0.26 100.0 0.12 15.0 0.41 120.0 0.32 140.0 0.36 1300.0 0.4 130.0 0.2 0.62 Ash (%) 33.1 47.3 44.3 40.5 12.5 28.7 42.8 35.2 33.3 31.2 (continued) ------- TABLE F-l. (Continued) 01 Animal Number 11 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.0012 + 0.0027** -0.00058 + 0.4 +_ 0.93** -0.2 + 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Median Range -0.00072 + 0.0034** -0.25 ± 1.2** 0.0012 + 0.0028** 0.42 +_ 0.99** SAMPLE NOT COLLECTED -0.00026 + 0.0012** -0.07 _+ 0.33** 0.0013 + 0.0031** 0.32 + 0.75** -0.00083 + 0.0039** -0.3 +_ 1.4** 0.0017 + 0.0033** 0.47 + 0.89** 0.0012** 0.32** -0.00087**-0.0053** -1.2**-1.8** 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.0027 + 0.95 + 0.00078 + 0.21 _+ 0.00 + 0.00 +_ 0.0011 + 0.4 + 0.0029 + 0.77 + 0.0005** 0.23** -0.00053**-0 -0.18**-4.3 0.0019** 0.66** 0.0011** 0.39** 0.0043** 1.5** 0.0021** 0. 56** 0.0016** 0.37** 0.0026** 0.93** 0.0043** 1.2** .0035** (pCi (pC -3.2 -1100.0 0.072 25.0 1.4 500.0 -5.4 -1500.0 -5.5 -1300.0 5.4 1900.0 -6.4 -1700.0 -2.4** -870.0** -6. 4**- 5 /g Ash) i/kg)* + 18.0** + 6100.0** + 6.0** _+ 2000.0** + 15.0** + 5000.0** + 10.0** _+ 2700.0** + 8. 8** +_ 2100.0** + 7. 5** +_ 2700.0** + 26.0** + 6900.0** .4** -1700.0**-1900.0** (pCi/g Ash) Ash (pCi/kg)* (%) 2.6 + 890.0 + 0.74 + 260.0 + 1.7 + 600.0 + 1.1 + 300.0 + 1.5 + 350.0 + 1.3 + 460.0 + 3.1 + 830.0 +_ 1.8 720.0 0.74-4.7 96.0-2100. 0.37 130.0 34.3 0.12 40.0 34.7 0.25 86.0 34.9 0.17 45.0 26.7 0.22 52.0 23.7 0.2 72.0 36.0 0.43 1.2 26.9 34.3 0 12.5-47.3 * Wet Weight ** Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity ------- TABLE F-2. GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDE AND TRITIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN KIDNEYS, DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP, 1981 Animal Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Median Range K (g/kg)* 4.6 + 0.68 8.8 +_ 1.0 3.7 +_ 0.48 5.8 + 0.69 4.0 +_ 0.95 3.9 _+ 0.87 2.6 + 0.32 4.8 _+ 0.75 3.2 + 0.39 3.0 _+ 0.36 4.2 + 0.72 4.8 +_ 1.0 4.0 + 0.59 4.2 +_ 0.44 6.4 + 0.91 3.6 +_ 0.60 4.1 2.6-8.8 137Cs (pCi/kg)* <80 Not Sampled <93 41 + 21 62 jf 28 130 +_ 50 78 + 43 <32 55 +_ 33 <37 <29 <74 <85 <69 <39 <88 <60 <65.5 <29-130 3H (pCi/L)** 670 + 300 <480 <370 <480 <370 <370 730 + 240 950 + 250 <370 430 + 230 <370 <480 <480 <480 550 +_ 300 1800 +_ 330 <480 <370-1800 * Wet Weight ** Aqueous portion of kidney tissue 56 ------- TABLE G-l. PLUTONIUM, STRONTIUM, AND GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN SELECTED TISSUES, NTS, HORSE, 1981 Tissue Type Muscle Femur Bone 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* <0.0025 <0.028 <0.011 <2.9 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* <0.0055 <0.061 <0.013 <3.2 89Sr 90Sr (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* (pCi/kg)* NA NA <13 4.7 + 0.63 <32001200.0 + 160.0 Ash K(g/kg)* (%) 137Cs(pCi/kg)* 1.1 7.7 + 0.37 38.0 +_ 12.0 26.0 NA * Wet Weight ------- TABLE H-l. PLUTONIUM, STRONTIUM, TRITIUM, AND GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN SELECTED TISSUES, CHUKAR, NTS, 1981 en oo Tissue Type Muscle Internal Organs Bone 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* 0.08 + 0.02 1.4 + 0.38 NA 0.00076 + 0.0025** 0.066 _+ 0.21** 239pu 895p 9(3Sr (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* (pCi/kg)* (pCi/kg)* 0.02 + 0.023** NA NA 0.35 + 0.41** NA NA NA -0.00038 + 0.0018** -10.0 + 37.0** 7.1 + 0.98 -0.033 ±0.15** -890.0 + 3200.0** 620.0 7 85.0 , K(g/kg)* Ash 137Cs(pCi/kg)* (%) 3H(pCi/L)t 1.8 8.5 + 0.43 48.0 + 17.0 NA NA 11.0 + 0.85 <73 760.0 _+ 300.0 8.7 NA *Wet Weight **Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity tTissue Water NA = Not Analyzed ------- TABLE 1-1. PLUTONIUM, STRONTIUM, AND GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN SELECTED TISSUES, GOAT, 1981 Tissue Type Muscle Lung Liver Femur 238Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* NA NA NA 0.0019 + 0.0063** 0.44 + 1.4** 239Pu (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* NA NA NA 0.0048 + 0.01** 1.1 +_ 2.3** 89Sr (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* NA NA NA -14.0 + 18.0** -3200.0 +_ 4000.0** 90Sr (pCi/g Ash) (pCi/kg)* NA NA NA 4.1 + 0.96 940.0 + 220.0 Ash (%) NA NA NA 22.9 K(g/kg)** 5.4 + 0.39 6.8 + 0.47 3.6 + 0.31 NA *Wet Weight **Counting Error exceeds Reported Activity NA = Not Analyzed ------- TABLE J-l. GROSS* AND MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY** FOUND IN NECROPSIED ANIMALS, 1981 AREA 18 CATTLE 1 Necropsy findings: Lungs showed some emphysema resulting from agonal struggling. Uterus contained 8-month male fetus. Histopathological findings: Mild fatty changes in the liver which are characterized by cytoplasmic swelling. Moderate hemosiderosis of the spleen. Moderate emphysema of lung. Clinical diagnosis: Normal mature pregnant cow in excellent condition. 2 Necropsy findings: Lungs heavily traumatized by bullet. Histopathological findings: Moderate intrapulmonary hemorrhage associated with mode of death. Clinical diagnosis: Normal yearling heifer. 3 Necropsy findings: No gross lesions noted. Histopathological findings: Aspirated blood in large airways of lung associated with agonal struggling. Mature active follicles in ovary. Clinical diagnosis: Normal calf. Necropsy findings: No gross lesions. Histopathological findings: Mild accumulation of hemosiderin in the macrophages of the red pulp of the spleen. One small granuloma characterized by epitheloid cells surrounded by lymphocytes and fibroblasts is noted in the parenchyma of the lung. This is a chronic lesion and probably represents the site of a small foreign body. * As reported by senior author. ** As reported by Dr. Billy C. Ward, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi. (continued) 60 ------- TABLE J-l. (Continued) Clinical diagnosis: Normal mature barren cow. Necropsy findings: Precancerous plaque on lateral canthus of right eye. Cyst on dorsal surface of right atrial-ventricular valve in heart. Histopathological findings: Serous valvular cyst in heart, marked hemosiderosis of spleen, squamous plaque (precancerous) on cornea, pheochromocytoma of adrenal. Clinical diagnosis: Normal aged barren cow with beginning cancer eye. Necropsy findings: Fibrous adhesions between diaphragm and liver. Atelectic areas in lungs. Histopathological findings: Mild hemosiderosis of spleen. Focal chronic inflamation of the liver which may be result of old reticulitis lesion. Clinical diagnosis: Mature cow in excellent condition with healed traumatic reticulitis lesions. 7 Necropsy findings: Small abscess below right mandible. Histopathological findings: Actinobacillosis granuloma on jaw tissue. Moderate hemosiderosis of spleen. Clinical diagnosis: Normal aged cow with beginning "lumpy jaw." 8 Necropsy findings: Small abscess over right parotid salivary gland. Uterus contained two-month old fetus. Abscess in udder. Lungs had area of emphysema from agonal struggles. Histopathological findings: Moderate hemosiderosis of spleen. Active follicles in ovaries. Clinical diagnosis: Normal mature cow. (continued) 61 ------- TABLE J-l. (Continued) 9 Necropsy findings: No gross lesions noted. Histopathological findings: Testes are inactive. No visible lesions in other tissues. Clinical diagnosis: Normal bull calf. 10 Necropsy findings: No gross lesions noted. Histopathological findings: No visible lesions. Clinical diagnosis: Normal yearling bull. 11 Necropsy findings: No gross lesions noted. Histopathological findings: Active follicles in ovaries. No other visible lesions. Clinical diagnosis: Normal yearling heifer. 12 Necropsy findings: Uterus contained a 45-day male fetus. Lungs contained scattered area of atelectasis. Histopathological findings: Active follicles in ovaries. No other visible lesions. Clinical diagnosis: Normal cow. 13 Necropsy findings: No gross lesions noted. Histopathological findings: Testes are inactive. No other visible lesions. Clinical diagnosis: Normal yearling bull. (continued) 62 ------- TABLE J-l. (Continued) 14 Necropsy findings: No gross lesions noted. Histopathological finding^ Testes are inactive. No other visible lesions. Clinical diagnosis: Normal yearling bull. NEVADA TEST SITE MULE DEER 1 Necropsy findings: Trauma associated with passage of .50 caliber bullet through lungs and heart. No other gross lesions noted. Histopathological findings: Incidental findings as follows. A few multifocal peri vascular lymphoid aggregates are observed in the lungs as well as one small microgranuloma which probably represents parasite migration. Small lymphoid aggregates near cortical-medullary junction of adrenal. There appears to be a healed cornea! ulcer. Clinical diagnosis: Normal yearling doe. Necropsy findings: Trauma associated with collision with motor vehicle. Neck was broken. Extensive warts on left side of body. Advanced post mortem changes present so not sampled for histopathological examination. Clinical diagnosis: Normal yearling male deer that died in collision with motor vehicle. Necropsy findings- Struck by a motor vehicle. A non-lactating female in good condition with trauma in the cervical region. Veretebrae were fractured. Advanced post mortem changes present so not sampled for histopathological examination. Clinical diagnosis: Normal mature doe that died in collision with motor vehicle. (continued) 63 ------- TABLE J-l. (Continued) Necropsy findings: Young doe in good condition. Extensive lung trauma associated with passage of .243 caliber bullet. Small cyst in thoracic cavity. Histopathological findings: Active follicles in overies, sarcocysts in muscle, and mild focal mononuclear cell infiltrates in medulla of kidney. Clinical diagnosis: Normal immature doe. NEVADA TEST SITE HORSE Necropsy findings: Struck by bus on right side caudal to front leg. Little external evidence of trauma. Advanced decomposition of animal precluded extensive necropsy and collection of histopathological samples. Clinical diagnosis: Normal mature horse that died in collision with bus. RACHEL, NV, GOAT Necropsy findings: Rumen and abomasum full of hay and milk, mucosa of abomasum was inflamed. Mucosa of large intestine was hemorrhagic. Kidneys were soft and friable. Trachea and bronchi contained white frothy exudate and mucosa contained petechial and ecchymotic hemmorrhages. Lungs were swollen and edematous and appeared hepatized. Histopathological findings: Spleen is congested. Mild autolysis of tubular epithelium of kidney. Clinical diagnosis: Enterotoxemia. DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP All of these animals were mature males that were killed by licensed hunters. No necropsies were performed but all were apparently normal at time of death. No samples were collected for histopathological or hematological examinations. 64 ------- TECHNICAL REPORT DATA (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing) 1. REPORT NO. 2. 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE ANIMAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM 1981 REPORT Nevada Test Site and Vicinity 3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO. 5. REPORT DATE 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE 7. AUTHOR(S) D. D. Smith and K. R. Giles 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO. 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS USEPA; Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory Office of Research and Development P.O. Box 15027 Las Vegas, NV 89114 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO. X6EH10 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO. IA DE-AI08-76DP00539 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS U.S. Department of Energy Nevada Operations Office P.O. Box 14100 Las Vegas, NV 89114 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED Response - 1981 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Interagency Agreement Number DE-AI08-76DP00539. 16. ABSTRACT Data are presented from the radioanalysis of tissues collected from animals that resided on or near the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Other than naturally occurring potassium-40, cesium-137 was the only gamma-emitting radionuclide frequently detected and was within a narrow range of activity. For example, 12 of 14 cattle muscle samples contained 15 - 65 pCi of cesium-137 per kilogram. Strontium-90 and plutonium-238 or -239 tissue concentrations were similar to those of recent years. Nanocurie levels of tritium were found in tissue from two deer that drank contaminated water draining from the tunnel test areas. Annual dose estimates to man were calculated based on the daily consumption of 0.5 kg of tissue with peak radionuclide levels. The highest postulated dose was 45 millirems to the whole body from ingestion of deer muscle that drank from the tritium contaminated waters. This dose is about 9% of the radiation protection guide. Movement of deer on the NTS is discussed. In general, deer from Pahute Mesa winter in the Timber Mt. area with some movement off the NTS, while deer from Rainier Mesa winter in the Shoshone Mt. area. The sudden death of an offsite goat kid was investigated and death was attributed to enterotoxemia. No gross or microscopic lesions in necropsied animals were found that could be attributed to the effect of ionizing radiation^ 17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS DESCRIPTORS b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED Tl 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT RELEASE TO THE PUBLIC 19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report) UNCLASSIFIED 21. NO. OF PAGES 20. SECURITY CLASS (This page) IINP.I ASSTFTFD 22. PRICE EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE ------- DISTRIBUTION David F. Miller, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV Paul J. Mudra, DOE/NV, Las Vegas NV Thomas M. Humphrey, Jr., DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV Winnie Howard, DOE/NV, Las Vegas NV Roger Ray, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV' Robert W. Taft, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV Richard C. Amick, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV Robert M. Nelson, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV Bruce W. Church, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV Technical Library, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV Chief, NOB/DNA, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV Hal Hoi lister, EP, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC Tommy F. McCraw, EP, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC L. Joe Deal, EP, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC Robert L. Watters, EP, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC Major General William W. Hoover, Director, OMA, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC Gordon C. Facer, OMA, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC Jeff Swinebroad, EP, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC Robert W. Wood, EP, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC William S. Osburn, Jr., EP, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC Marcy Williamson, RESL/INEL, DOE/ID, Idaho Falls, ID Steven V. Kaye, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN J. T. Ensminger, ESIC, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN H. E. Walburg, CARL, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN Assistant Administrator for Research and Development, EPA, Washington, DC Deputy Assistant Administrator for Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance, ORD, EPA, Washington, DC Deputy Assistant Administrator for Radiation Programs, EPA, Washington, DC Director, Air Toxics and Radiation Monitoring Research Division OMSQA, ORD, EPA, Washington, DC Director, Office of Research Program Management, ORD, EPA, Washington, DC Director, Air, Noise and Radiation Health Research Division, ORD, EPA, Washington, DC Library, EPA, Washington, DC Regional Administrator, Region IX, EPA, San Francisco, CA Regional Radiation Representative, Region IX, EPA, San Francisco, CA Director, Radiochemistry and Nuclear Engineering Branch, EPA, Cincinnati, OH Director, Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgomery, AL Harold F.' Mueller, NOAA/WSNSO, Las Vegas, NV Gilbert J. Ferber, NOAA/WSNSO, Silver Spring, MD K M Oswald, Manager, Health and Safety, LLL, Mercury, NV ------- Richard L. Wagner, LLL, Livermore, CA Howard W. Tewes, LLL, Livermore, CA Paul L. Phelps, LLL, Livermore, CA Mortimer L. Mendelsohn, LLL, Livermore, CA J. C. Hopkins, LASL, Los Alamos, NM Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, NM Lamar J. Johnson, INEL, Idaho Falls, ID George E. Tucker, Sandia Lab., Albuquerque, NM Carter D. Broyles, Sandia Lab., Albuquerque, NM Melvin L. Merritt, Sandia Lab., Albuquerque, NM R. Glen Fuller, Oracle, AZ Arden E. Bicker, REECo, Mercury, NV Auda F. Morrow, CETO, Mercury, NV Joseph H. Dryden, NTSSO, DOE/NV, Mercury, NV Billy Moore, D/AMD, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV Leo Bustad, Director, Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University Pullman, WA Vincent Schultz, Wahington State University, Pullman, WA Arthur Wallace, University of California, Los Angeles, CA Wesley E. Niles, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV Library, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV Verle R. Bohman, University of Nevada, Reno, NV Lloyd P. Smith, President, Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada, Reno, NV Paul R. Fenske, Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada, Reno, NV Gary L. Dixon, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO Manager, Desert National Wildlife Range, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Las Vegas, NV Supervisor, Region III, Nevada Wildlife Department, Las Vegas, NV Glen Griffith, Nevada Wildlife Department, Reno, NV Paul Lyons, Nevada Wildlife Research, Division of Archives, Capitol Building Annex, Carson City, NV Ernest D. Campbell, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV L. L. Skolil, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA C. S. Fore, ESIC, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN T. P. 0'Parrel 1, EGaG Inc., Go!eta, CA Barton R. House, Acting Assistant Secretary for Environmental Protection, Safety, and Emergency Preparedness, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC Dr. R. L. Davidson, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH Technical Information Center, DOE, Oak Ridge, TN (for public availability ) (27 copies) ------- |