EMSL-LV-0539-11 EMSL-LV-0539-11
STATUS REPORT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL DAIRY HERD
MAINTAINED ON THE NEVADA TEST SITE
JANUARY 1, 1976, THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1976
Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Las Vegas, NV 89114
Published April 1978
This study was performed under a Memorandum
of Understanding No. EY-76-A-080539
for the
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States
Government. Neither the United States nor the Department of Energy, nor any
of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their
employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal lia-
bility or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any
information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its
use would not infringe privately owned rights.
AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161
PRICE: PAPER COPY $4.50 MICROFICHE $3.00
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EMSL-LV-0539-11 EMSL-LV-0539-11
STATUS REPORT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL DAIRY HERD
MAINTAINED ON THE NEVADA TEST SITE
JANUARY 1, 1976, THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1976
by
E. M. Daley
Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Las Vegas, NV 89114
Published April 1978
This study was performed under a Memorandum
of Understanding No. EY-76-A-080539
for the
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
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ABSTRACT
The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, U.S. Envi.
ronmental Protection Agency, maintains an experimental dairy herd and farm
facility in Area 15 of the Nevada Test Site for the U.S. Energy Research and
Development Administration*. This status report covers the period from
January 1, 1976, through December 31, 1976.
Improvements, changes, and addi-
tions made to the facilities, production and reproduction statistics for
individual cows and the herd, the veterinary medicine practices employed, and
summaries of the metabolism studies that involved the dairy herd are covered
in this report.
*Effective October 1, 1977, the U.S. Energy Research and Development
Administration was designated the Department of Energy.
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
Milking Parlor
Holding Pen and Alleyway
Road and Parking Lot
Miscellaneous
HERD MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION
Production
Reproduction
VETERINARY MEDICINE
DAIRY HERD INVOLVEMENT IN EXPERIMENTS
Biological Transport of Curium-243 in Lactating
Cows: Project Curium (June 2-9, 1976)
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
DISTRIBUTION
Hi
Page
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Dairy
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INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas (EMSL-LV)
of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has maintained an experi-
mental dairy herd and farm for the U.S. Energy Research and Development
Administration* since 1964.
The dairy herd and farm facilities are located
in Area 15 of the Nevada Test Site (see figure 1).
This report covers the period of January 1, 1976, through December 31,
1976.
It lists changes and improvements made on the facilities, presents herd
and individual production, and reproduction statistics, details health problems
and veterinary practices, and summarizes research studies that involved the
dairy herd.
Reports on the establishment of the experimental farm and the periodic
status reports on the dairy herd have been published previously (Douglas 1967,
Smith and Engel 1969. Smith 1970 and 1973, and Daley 1977).
Reports on the
agronomic practices employed at the farm were also published previously
(Daley and Smith 1969. and Daley 1971, 1972, and 1976).
*Effective October 1, 1977, the U.S. Energy Research and Development
Administration was designated the Department of Energy. Prior to January 19,
1975, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration was designated
as the u.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
1
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Location of the experimental farm and dairy herd on the Nevada
Test Site.
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FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
During the period covered by this report, major modifications and addi-
tions were made to the Area 15 facility to increase the efficiency and safety
of milking the cows.
figure 2.
These changes are discussed below and are shown in
MILKING PARLOR
The existing four-stanchion milking parlor was converted to a four-stall
wa1k-through-pit milking parlor, as shown in the barn layout in figure 2.
Variations of this type of milk parlor are commonly used in the Great Basin
area.
The design is such that there are two in-line stalls on each side of a
work area pit. The concrete bases for the stalls were elevated about
10 inches (25 cm) above the existing floor. The stalls are made of l~-inch
(3.B-cm) galvanized pipe secured with Kee K1amp@ fittings, and have stainless
steel sliding doors.
The stalls are secured to concrete bases with bolts
embedded in the concrete.
An excavation 27 inches (67.5 cm) deep, 54 inches
(135 cm) wide, and 13 feet (5.59 m) long was made in the existing floor to
provide the working pit area.
The existing drain from the barn to the liquid
disposal tank was modified to accommodate the newly installed drain in the
south end of the pit.
installed in the pit.
Two DeLava1 milkers with PyreX@ scale jars were
The jars have a graduated scale which indicates the
milk production in pounds.
One milking machine is located for use in milking
the cows in the forward stalls, and another is located for use in milking the
cows in the rear stalls.
An anti-kicking device that restrains a problem cow against the stall
side was designed by EMSL-LV Farm and Animal Investigation Branch personnel
and incorporated into the stalls.
@ Registered trademark
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METABOLISM ROOM
ABATT:l
SINK
e
DRUG ROOM
SHOWER
TRANSFORMER
CHANGE MILKING PARLOR
ROOM
~
MILK
ROOM
WASHING PEN
CALF
SHELTER
CONCRETE
APRON
CALF PEN
EXPERIMENTAL DAIRY FARM
BARN FLOOR PLAN
Figure 2.
Experimental farm barn layout.
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The design of the new milking parlor allows workers to more closely
observe the milking processes and to more readily determine when a cow's
udder has been drained of the stored milk. Because the cows are more
restricted in their movements while in the stalls, there is less danger
to the operator of being kicked or trampled.
All of the interior walls of the milking parlor and office were
repainted and surfaced with a 4-foot (1.24-cm) high section of waterproof
Miralite@ wall board.
In areas of heavy water usage, the wall board was
extended from the floor to the ceiling.
HOLDING PEN AND ALLEYWAY
A holding pen and an alleyway for the movement of the cows into the
milking parlor were constructed.
The pen and alleyway were constructed of
metal panels suspended from posts made from well casing.
To prevent slipping,
both the pen and alleyway have a rough broom-finished concrete floor.
This
pen and alleyway arrangement allows a smoother, cleaner, and more efficient
flow of cattle from the holding pen into the milking parlor.
ROAD AND PARKING LOT
During the fall of 1976, the access road into the farm and the parking
lot in front of the barn were resurfaced with hot batch asphalt pavement.
@Registered trademark
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HERD MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION
The dairy herd consists of a group of about 35 purebred Holstein cows
which are maintained in the lots of the Area 15 experimental farm.
The
vital statistics for all cows in the dairy herd during 1976 are listed in
appendix A.
During the growing season, usually from mid-April to early October,
all forage is provided as greenfeed (freshly cut alfalfa or an alfalfa-grass
mixture). During the rest of the year, the herd is maintained on alfalfa
hay. All greenfeed forage is produced on the farm while most of the hay
is purchased.
Lactating cows are fed a commercial concentrate of l4-percent
protein after each milking.
Dairy practices, including milking procedures, follow those commonly
used by producers in the Great Basin area, with two exceptions.
The cows are
milked on a schedule of 8- and l6-hour intervals (actual time 7 a.m. and
3 p.m.) rather than the traditional l2-hour schedule so that labor require-
ments are reduced.
Also, weight-measure jars are used and emptied after each
cow is milked, instead of using a pipeline and holding tank system; this is
done so that each cow's milk production may be recorded and to allow for the
collection of individual milk samples.
Ten Holstein cows were added to the dairy herd during January 1976.
Five Holstein heifers in advanced stages of gestation were purchased from
Paul Santos of Yerington, Nevada. An additional five pregnant young Holstein
cows were purchased from Dante Lommari of Yerington, Nevada. These animals
all calved between January and May. The entry of these cows into the herd
caused no problems. The animals purchased were selected to meet the criteria
for metabolism studies; these criteria included medium size, above average
production, and gentle temperament. The purchase of these cows was necessary
because previous terminal studies had eliminated suitable high producing
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cows from the herd, and some of the heifers kept for replacement animals
failed to develop into high milk producing cows (see appendix B).
At the end of 1976, the herd consisted of 24 mature cows.
During the
year, 11 cows deemed unsatisfactory were removed from the herd and 2 cows
were sacrificed during experiments.
PRODUCTION
Appendix B shows that the average milk production per cow for the year
was 4,013 kilograms (8,829 pounds) for the average 254-day lactation period.
The extrapolated herd average for a 305-day lactation period would be
4,454 kilograms (9,800 pounds) of milk per cow or 14.6 kilograms
(32.1 pounds) per day.
This is slightly lower than the national average of
4,658 kilograms (10,271 pounds) of milk per cow (Dairy Illustrated 1976).
However, several of the best producers in the herd had their lactations cut
short by inclusion in terminal studies, or were culled from the herd because
their size, age, or temperament made them unsuitable for use in metabolism
studies.
REPRODUCTION
During the year 1976, 30 calves were born in the experimental dairy
herd (see appendix C).
Eighteen of the calves were males and 12 were
females.
Of the 30 calves, 2 purebred Holstein heifers were retained as
replacements, 7 calves were transferred to the University of Nevada, Reno,
2 calves were stillborn, and 19 calves were euthanized because they were
not needed in the program.
Two sets of twins were born during 1976.
The
dam of one set was born in the herd and the dam of the other set was
purchased.
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VETERINARY MEDICINE
A preventive medicine program and a sanitation program were conducted
to decrease the incidence of preventable disease.
This included sanitizing
the milking equipment after milking each cow plus dipping the teats in an
antiseptic solution after milking to control the spread of mastitis, and
routine palpation of the reproductive tract with indicated treatments for
control of reproductive diseases.
Magnets were used routinely to help prevent
traumatic reticulitis (hardware disease).
The magnets were introduced into
the reticulum of the cow to help prevent penetration of critical organs by
attracting and holding ferrous metals (i.e., nails, wire, etc.).
During the
greenfeed season, poloxalene blocks were fed free choice to control tympanites
(bloat).
No contagious diseases were diagnosed in 1976.
causes during this period.
No cows died from natural
When possible, unproductive cows and cows that failed to respond to treat- ,
ment were salvaged by using them for terminal studies involving technique
development, or were transferred to other agencies. As shown in appendix A,
11 cows were transferred to the University of Nevada, Reno, and 2 were used
in terminal studies.
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DAIRY HERD INVOLVEMENT IN EXPERIMENTS
During 1976, part of the dairy herd was used for a curium metabolism
study described below.
This study was one of a continuing series of studies
to define the critical metabolic pathways of selected radionuclides which
might appear in the environment following a nuclear detonation, during the
reprocessing of nuclear reactor fuels, or as a result of an accident at a
nuclear site.
The cows for these experiments were selected on the basis of
milk production, stage of lactation, temperament, soundness of legs and feet,
and general health.
The animals were put into special metabolism stalls which
provided continuous restraint of the cow for milking and sampling while allow-
ing sufficient movement for comfort. An indwelling catheter was passed
through the urethra and into the cow's bladder and the total urine production
was collected in a plastic bottle for the duration of the experiment.
Feces
were collected in a tray, lined with plastic sheeting, which was placed under
a metal grate in the floor at the rear of the stall.
sampling procedures were described by Stanley et al.
The details of these
(1974).
BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT OF CURIUM-243 IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS:
PROJECT CURIUM (June 2-9, 1976)
The objectives of this study were to obtain information on the blood:milk
transfer and the blood:tissue transfer of curium in a ruminant and to assess
the degree of bovine gastrointestinal absorption, tissue retention, and rate
of excretion following curium administration.
Plutonium and curium metabolism
in the cow were compared for relative hazard values.
Two lactating dairy cows (nos. 256 and 344) were maintained in metabolism
stalls for 7 days.
One animal received an acute oral dose of approximately
5 millicuries of curium-243.
The other cow received single intravenous dose
of approximately 500 microcuries of curium-243.
Milk, blood, urine, and fecal
samples were taken every 12 hours over a 6-day period after dosing.
The cows
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were sacrificed on the seventh day after dosing.
Tissue and blood samples
were collected to establish the tissue:p1asma ratios.
The results of the
study for the single intravenous dose were presented at the Nevada Applied
Ecology Group's Plutonium Information Conference, held March 3-4, 1977, in
Las Vegas, Nevada (Patzer e1 a1., to be published). The curium levels in
many of the samples from the orally dosed cow were below detectable levels
from gamma-ray analysis.
The data from radiochemistry analysis were not
available at the time this report was prepared.
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REFERENCES
Dairy Illustrated.
"News for Dairymen."
Dairy Illustrated 8(1):3 Spring 1976
Daley, E. M., and D. D. Smith. Agronomic Aspects of the Experimental Dairy
Farm - January 1966 - December 1968. SWRHL-63r. U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Labora-
tory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 41 pp. 1969
Daley, E. M. Agronomic Aspects of the Experimental Dairy Farm Durin~ 1969.
SWRHL-104r. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, South-
western Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 19 pp. 1971
Daley, E. M. Agronomic Aspects of the Experimental Dairy Farm 1970. SWRHL-
l17r. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern
Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 18 pp. 1972
Daley, E. M. Agronomic Practices of the Nevada Test Site Experimental Dairy
Farm During 1971, 1972, and 1973. EMSL-LV-539-5. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory,
Las Vegas, Nevada. 13 pp. 1976
Daley, E. M. Five-Year Summary Report of an Experimental Dairy Herd Main-
tained on the Nevada Test Site 1971 Through 1975. EMSL-LV-0539-9.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 40 pp. 1977
Douglas, R. L. Status of the Nevada
Report for July 1964 - December
Health, Education, and Welfare,
Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada.
Test Site Experimental Farm - Summary
1965. SWRHL-36r. U.S. Department of
Southwestern Radiological Health
30 pp. 1967
Patzer, R. G., W. W. Sutton, A. A. Mullen, P- B. Hahn, and G. D. Potter.
"Comparisons of Curium-243 and Plutonium-238 Biological Transfer in
Dairy Animals Following- Intravenous Injections." Presented at the
Nevada Applied Ecology Group's Plutonium Information Conference held
March 3-4, 1977, in Las Vegas, Nevada. (to be published in NVO-18l)
Smith, D. D., and R. E. Engel. Progress Report for the Bioenvironmental
Research May 22, 1964, Through July 1, 1966. Part I. Experimental
Dairy Herd. SWRHL-55r. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratoryo Las Vegas,
Nevada. 106 pp. 1969
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Smith, D. D. Status of the Bioenvironmental Research Experimental Dairy Herd
July 1, 1966, Through December 31, 1968. SWRHL-67r. U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Southwestern Radiological Health Labora-
tory, Las Vegas, Nevada. 90 pp. 1970
Smith, D. D. Status of the Environmental Protection Agency's Nevada Test Site
Experimental Dairy Herd January 1, 1969 - December 31, 1970. NERC-LV-
539-22. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental
Research Center, Las Vegas, Nevada. 62 pp. 1973
Stanley, R. E., E. W. Bretthauer, and W. W. Sutton. "Absorption, Distribution,
and Excretion of Plutonium by Dairy Cattle." pp. 163-185. NVO-142.
The Dynamics of Plutonium in Desert Environments, Nevada Applied Ecology
Group Progress Report, July 1974. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Nevada
Operations Office, Las Vegas, Nevada. P. B. Dunaway and M. G. White, eds.
369 pp. 1974
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APPENDIX A.
VITAL STATISTICS AND ACQUISITION DATA OF MATURE DAIRY ANIMALS
JANUARY 1, 1976 - DECEMBER 31, 1976
Cow Date of Birth Weight2 Acquisition
No. Agel Type of Breeding Data Remarks
127 April 24, 1968 582 kg Born in herd. Transferred to
8 years 3 months Registered cow Dam was No. 62. UNR3 June 23,
Sire was No. 70. 1976.
153 February 25, 1969 764 kg Born in herd. Transferred to
7 years 4 months Grade cow Dam was No. 71. UNR3 June 23,
Sire was No. 70. 1976.
184 February 11, 1970 677 kg Born in herd In herd.
6 years 10 months Grade cow Dam was No. 117 -
Sire was H57.
197 July 1, 1970 756 kg Born in herd. Transferred to
6 years Grade cow Dam was No. 127. UNR3 June 23,
Sire was No. 126. 1976.
198 July 1, 1970 795 kg Born in herd. Transferred to
6 years Grade cow Dam was No. 45. UNR3 June 23,
Sire was No. 126. 1976.
208 December 17, 1970 713 kg Born in herd. Transferred to
6 years 6 months Grade cow Dam was No. 39. UNR3 June 23,
AI4 Sire was H290. 1976.
209 December 28, 1970 707 kg Born in herd. Transferred to
6 years 8 months Grade cow Dam was No. 21. UNR3 September 3,
Sire was No. 126. 1976.
211 February 18, 1971 702 kg Born in herd. In herd.
5 years 10 months Grade cow Dam was No. 48.
AI4 Sire was H322.
218 May 18, 1971 768 kg Born in herd. Transferred to
5 years 7 months Grade cow Dam was No. 122. UNR3 June 23,
AI4 Sire was H290. 1976.
A-I
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APPENDIX A.
CONTINUED
Cow Date of Birth Weight2 Acquisition
No. Agel Type of Breeding Data Remarks
221 June 17, 1971 624 kg Born in herd. In herd.
5 years 6 months Grade cow Dam was No. 139.
Sire was No. 126.
227 September 6, 1971 807 kg Born in herd. In herd.
5 years 3 months Grade cow Dam was No. 162.
Sire was No. 126.
241 December 22, 1971 72 0 kg Born in herd. In herd.
5 years Grade cow Dam was No. 128.
AI4 Sire was H290.
250 July 3, 1972 527 kg Born in herd. In herd.
4 years 5 months Grade cow Dam was No. 83.
AI4 Sire was H290.
251 July 3, 1972 598 kg Born in herd. In herd.
4 years 5 months Grade cow Dam was No. 83.
AI4 Sire was H290.
252 July 8, 1972 630 kg Born in herd. Transferred to
3 years 11 months Grade cow Dam was No. 153. UNR3 June 23,
AI4 Sire was H290. 1976.
256 August 7, 1972 540 kg Born in herd. Sacrificed
3 years 10 months Grade cow Dam was No. 196. Curium Project
AI4 Sire was H290. June 9, 1976.
269 November 7, 1972 504 kg Born in herd. In herd.
4 years 1 month Grade cow Dam was No. 197.
Sire was No. 216.
278 July 1, 1973 682 kg Born in herd. Transferred to
2 years 11 months Grade cow Dam was No. 184. UNR3 June 23,
Sire was No. 216. 1976.
280 July 6, 1973 602 kg Born in herd. In herd.
3 years 5 months Grade cow Dam was No. 196.
Sire was No. 216.
A-2
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APPENDIX A.
CONTINUED
Cow Date of Birth Weight2 Acquisition
No. Agel Type of Breeding Data Remarks
281 July 8, 1973 630 kg Born in herd. In herd.
3 years 5 months Grade cow Dam was No. 135.
Sire was No. 216.
284 August 15, 1973 534 kg Born in herd. Transferred to
2 years 10 months Grade cow Dam was No. 83. UNR3 June 23,
Sire was No. 216. 1976.
292 November 28, 1973 650 kg Born in herd. In herd.
3 years 1 month Grade cow Dam was No. 128.
Sire was No. 216.
294 December 6, 1973 555 kg Born in herd. Transferred to
3 years Grade cow Dam was No. 221. UNR3 Septem-
Sire was No. 216. ber 3, 1976.
297 January 16, 1974 623 kg Born in herd. In herd.
2 years 11 months Grade cow Dam was No. 198.
Sire was No. 216.
299 March 18, 1974 573 kg Born in herd. In herd.
2 years 9 months Grade cow Dam was No. 123.
Sire was H290.
314 December 3, 1974 432 kg Born in herd. In herd.
2 years Grade cow Dam was No. 250.
Sire was No. 216.
315 December 7, 1974 420 kg Born in herd. In herd.
2 years Grade cow Dam was No. 197.
Sire was No. 216.
344 Born 1973 659 kg Purchased D. Sacrificed
'v 3 years Grade cow Lommari $600.00. Curium Project
Yerington, NV. June 9, 1976.
345 February 1973 520 kg Purchased D. In herd.
'v 3 years Grade cow Lommari $600.00.
Yerington, NV.
A-3
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APPENDIX A.
CONTINUED
Cow Date of Birth Weight2 Acquisition
No. Agel Type of Breeding Data Remarks
346 January 1974 495 kg Purchased P. In herd.
,\., 2 years Grade cow Santps $600.00.
Yerington, NV.
347 Fall 1974 468 kg Purchased P. In herd.
'\., 2 years Grade cow Santos $600.00.
Yerington, NV.
348 February 1974 427 kg Purchased P. In herd.
'\., 2 years Grade cow Santos $600.00.
Yerington, NV.
349 February 1974 507 kg Purchased P. In herd.
'\., 2 years Grade cow Santos $600.00.
Yerington, NV.
350 January 1974 511 kg Purchased P. In herd.
,\., 2 years Grade cow Santos $600.00.
Yerington, NV.
351 March 1973 664 kg Purchased D. In herd.
'\., 3 years Grade cow Lornrnari $600.00.
Yerington, NV.
352 January 1973 507 kg Purchased D. In herd.
'\., 3 years Grade cow Lornrnari $600.00.
Yerington, NV.
353 February 1973 545 kg Purchased D. In herd.
'\., 3 years Grade cow Lornrnari $600.00.
Yerington, NV.
lAge as of December 31, 1976, or death, or disposition.
2To convert to pounds: 2.205 x kilograms = pounds.
3UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
4AI = artificial insemination.
A-4
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APPENDIX B. MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS COMPLETING LACTATION DURING 1976
Cow Production Lactation
No. (kg) 1 (days) From To
1272 2,660 151 01/24/76 06/23/76
1532 2,098 883 03/28/76 06/23/76
184 3,889 284 12/08/75 09/17/76
1982 3,706 253 07/27/75 04/04/76
2092 792 533 07/03/76 08/25/76
211 1,765 126 09/03/75 01/07/76
211 370 373 08/19/76 09/25/76
2182 1,331 993 03/15/76 06/23/76
227 5,325 308 01/02/76 11/05/76
241? 6,752 309 12/19/75 10/23/76
256t< 2,738 166 12/27/75 06/09/76
280 4,436 276 11/27/75 08/28/76
281 3,183 295 11/28/75 09/17/76
2842 256 513 12/09/75 01/29/76
294 20 63 OS/23/76 05/30/76
3444 3,098 158 01/03/76 06/09/76
345 5,970 310 01/13/76 11/19/76
B-1
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APPENDIX B.
CONTINUED
Cow Production Lactation From To
No. (kg) 1 (days)
346 4,703 305 02/09/76 12/10/76
348 2,669 212 02/18/76 09/17/76
349 4,830 308 02/06/76 12/10/76
350 4,299 305 02/18/76 12/19/76
352 4,187 304 02/10/76 12/10/76
AVERAGES 4,013/year/cow 254/cow
16/day/cow
1To convert to pounds: 2.205 x kilograms = pounds.
2Transferred to University of Nevada, Reno. .
3Not included in average producing less than 100 days.
4Sacrificed
5Does not include cows that lactated less than 100 days.
B-2
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APPENDIX C.
CALVES BORN IN THE HERD DURING 1976
Calf Dam Sire Birth
No. No. ID. Date Sex Remarks
336 227 518 01/01/76 F Crossbred Hereford. Euthanized as
not needed in program.
337 256 H919 01/09/76 F In herd as kept for replacement.
(Numbers 338 through 343 were used on calves purchased for an experiment.
Numbers 344 through 353 were used on heifers and cows brought in Yerington,
Nevada.)
--- 1 345 Lommari bull 01/13/76 F Crossbred. Euthanized as not needed
in program.
--- 1 344 Lommari bull 01/17/76 M Crossbred. Euthanized as not needed
in program.
354 127 H919 01/24/76 M Euthanized as not needed in program.
355 349 Santos bull 02/05/76 M Crossbred. Transferred to UNR2 on
September 3, 1976.
356 346 Santos bull 02/08/76 F Crossbred. Stillbirth.
357 352 Lommar i bull 02/08/76 M Crossbred. Transferred to UNR2 on
September 3, 1976.
358 348 Santos bull 02/17/76 F Crossbred. Transferred to UNR2 on
September 3, 1976.
359 350 Santos bull 02/18/76 M Crossbred. Transferred to UNR2 on
September 3, 1976.
360 347 Santos bull 03/06/76 M Crossbred. Stillbirth.
361 218 517 03/06/76 F Crossbred Hereford. Transferred to
UNR2 on September 3, 1976.
C-1
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APPENDIX C.
CONTINUED
Calf Dam Sire Birth
No. No. ID. Date Sex Remarks
362 153 517 03/27/76 M Crossbred Hereford. Transferred to
UNR2 on September 6. 1976.
363 299 517 04/08/76 M Crossbred Hereford. Transferred to
UNR2 on September 6. 1976.
364 297 517 04/12/76 F Crossbred Hereford. Euthanized as
not needed in program.
365 292 517 04/22/76 M Crossbred Hereford. Euthanized as
not needed in program.
366 250 517 OS/21/76 M Twin of 367. Crossbred. Euthanized
as not needed in program.
367 250 517 OS/21/76 M Twin of 366. Crossbred. Euthanized
as not needed in program.
368 294 517 OS/23/76 M Crossbred. Euthanized as not needed
in program.
369 353 Lommari bull OS/29/76 M Crossbred. Euthanized as not needed
in program.
370 351 Lommari bull 06/06/76 M Twin of 371. Euthanized as not
needed in program.
371 351 Lommari bull 06/06/76 F Twin of 370. Euthanized as not
needed in program.
372 209 517 07/02/76 F Crossbred. Euthanized as not needed
in program.
373 211 517 08/12/76 M Crossbred. Euthanized as not needed
in program.
374 269 517 09/19/76 M Crossbred. Euthanized as not needed
in program.
375 221 517 09/03/76 M Crossbred. Euthanized as not needed
in program.
C-2
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APPENDIX C.
CONTINUED
Calf Dam Sire Birth
No. No. ID. Date Sex Remarks
376 251 517 10/11/76 F Crossbred. Euthanized as not needed
in program.
377 315 H919 11/20/76 M Euthanized as not needed in program.
378 280 517 11/23/76 F Crossbred. Euthanized as not needed
in program.
379 314 H341 12/11/76 F Kept for replacement.
"lNo number assigned
2UNR = University of Nevada, Reno.
C-3
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1 - 40
41
42
43
46 - 47
48 - 49
50 - 51
56
57 - 58
59
60
61
62
63 - 67
DISTRIBUTION
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory--Las Vegas
Mahlon E. Gates, Manager, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
44
45
Troy E. Wade, DOE/NV. Las Vegas, NV
David G. Jackson, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
Paul J. Mudra, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
Elwood M. Douthett, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
Ernest D. Campbell, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
Paul B. Dunaway, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
52
53
54
55
Mary G. White, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
Roger Ray, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
Robert W. Taft, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
Leon Silverstrom, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
Robert W. Newman, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
Bruce W. Church, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
Technical Library, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
Chief, NOB/DNA, DOE/NV, Las Vegas, NV
Hal Hollister, DSSC, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
Tommy F. McCraw, DOS, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
L. Joe Deal, DOS, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
Major General Joseph K. Bratton, Asst. Gen. Mgr., DMA
68
69
DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
Gordon F. Facer, DMA, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
James L. Liverman, Director, DBER, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
Robert L. Watters, DBER, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
John S. Kirby-Smith, DBER, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
Jeff Swinebroad, DBER, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
70
71
72
73
Robert W. Wood, DBER, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
William S. Osburn, Jr., DBER, DOE/HQ, Washington, DC
74
75
76
Ray Brechbill, DOE/SAN, Oakland, CA
Marcie Williamson, HSL/INEL, DOE/ID, Idaho Falls, ID
Steven V. Kaye, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
77
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97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
78
79
80
Helen Pfuderer, ESIC, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
P. Wahlgren, CARL, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
H. E. Walburg, CARL, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
Asst. Admin. for Research and Development, EPA, Washington, DC
81
82
Deputy Asst. Admin. for Radiation Programs, EPA, Washington, DC
Director, Div. of Criteria and Standards, ORP, EPA, Washington, DC
83
84
85
Director, Div. of Field Operations, ORP, EPA, Washington, DC
Director, Div. of Technology Assessment, ORP, EPA, Washington, DC
86
87
Director, Office of Technical Analysis, EPA, Washington, DC
Library, EPA, Washington, DC
Paul DeFalco, Jr., Regional Administrator, Region IX, EPA,
San Francisco, CA
88
89
James K. Channell, Regional Radiation Representative, Region IX,
EPA, San Francisco, CA
Richard L. Blanchard, Director, Radiochemistry and Nuclear
Engineering Branch, EPA, Cincinnati, OH
90
91
Charles R. Porter, Director, Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility,
EPA, Montgomery, AL
Peter Halpin, Chief, APTIC, EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC
92
93
94
95
96
Harold F. Mueller, ARL, NOAA, Las Vegas, NV
Gilbert J. Ferber, ARL, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD
K. M. Oswald, Mgr., Health and Safety, LLL, Mercury, NV
Bernard W. Shore, LLL, Livermore, CA
Richard L. Wagner, LLL, Livermore, CA
Howard W. Tewes, LLL, Livermore, CA
Paul L. Phelps, LLL, Livermore, CA
Mortimer L. Mendelsohn, LLL, Livermore, CA
J. C. Hopkins, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
Lamar J. Johnson, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
George E. Tucker, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
Carter D. Broyles, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
Melvin L. Merritt, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
R. Glen Fuller, Oracle, AZ
Richard S. Davidson, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH
Arden E. Bicker, REECo, Mercury, NV
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110
III
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
127
128 - 155
Savino W. Cavender, REECo, Mercury, NV
Auda F. Morrow, CETO, NTS, Mercury, NV
Billy Moore, NTSSO, DOE /NV, Mercury, NV
Leo Bustad, Director, Veterinary Medicine, Washington State
University, Pullman, WA
Vincent Schultz, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
Arthur Wallace, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
Wesley E. Niles, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
Library. University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
Verle R. Bohman, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
120
Lloyd P. Smith, President, Desert Research Institute,
University of Nevada, Reno, NV
Paul R. Fenske, Desert Research Institute, University
of Nevada, Reno, NV
121
Thomas P. O'Farrell, Director, Applied Ecology and Physiology
Center, Desert Research Institute, Boulder City, NV
William S. Twenhofel, U.S. Geological Survey. Denver, CO
122
123
Manager, Desert National Wildlife Range, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Las Vegas, NV
Supervisor, Region III, Nevada Fish and Game Department,
Las Vegas, NV
124
125
of Archives,
Paul Lyons, Nevada Wildlife Research, Division
Capitol Building Annex, Carson City, NV
Deward W. Efurd, McClellan Central Laboratory,
Air Force Base, CA
L. L. Skolil, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
126
McClellan
Technical Information Center, ERDA, Oak Ridge, TN
(for public availability)
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